Text Classification
Transformers
Safetensors
Laya
system-one
ticket-triage
banking77
hierarchical-classification
customer-support
routing
Instructions to use Gjusev/laya-triage-banking77 with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- Transformers
How to use Gjusev/laya-triage-banking77 with Transformers:
# Use a pipeline as a high-level helper from transformers import pipeline pipe = pipeline("text-classification", model="Gjusev/laya-triage-banking77")# pip install -U transformers accelerate # Load model directly from transformers import AutoModel model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("Gjusev/laya-triage-banking77", device_map="auto") - Laya
How to use Gjusev/laya-triage-banking77 with Laya:
# No code snippets available yet for this library. # To use this model, check the repository files and the library's documentation. # Want to help? PRs adding snippets are welcome at: # https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js
- Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
docs: expand model card (training details, calibration, escalation, limitations)
Browse files
README.md
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| 1 |
+
---
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| 2 |
+
license: apache-2.0
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+
library_name: transformers
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+
base_model:
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+
- convaiinnovations/laya
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+
tags:
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+
- laya
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- system-one
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- ticket-triage
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- banking77
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+
- hierarchical-classification
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+
- customer-support
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| 13 |
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- routing
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datasets:
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+
- PolyAI/banking77
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+
metrics:
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+
- accuracy
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- f1
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+
pipeline_tag: text-classification
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| 20 |
+
---
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| 21 |
+
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+
# laya-triage-banking77
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| 23 |
+
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+
A [laya](https://github.com/NandhaKishorM/laya) System 1 decision model (421M) fine-tuned
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| 25 |
+
for **hierarchical support-ticket triage** on BANKING77: one local forward pass per stage
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| 26 |
+
returns a department route and a calibrated confidence β no API calls, no per-ticket cost.
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| 27 |
+
Part of the [laya-triage](https://github.com/Gjusev/laya-triage) project (Apache 2.0).
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| 28 |
+
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+
| Configuration | Intent accuracy | Macro-F1 |
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+
|---|---:|---:|
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+
| zero-shot flat 77-way | 36.5% | 0.284 |
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| zero-shot hierarchical | 51.0% | 0.443 |
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| **fine-tuned hierarchical (this model)** | **90.5%** | **0.848** |
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| 34 |
+
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200-ticket seed-13 BANKING77 test sample, identical harness and questions for all three rows.
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| 36 |
+
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+
## How the hierarchy works
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| 38 |
+
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BANKING77's 77 intents are grouped into 12 clusters of 3-10 intents (kept inside the
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| 40 |
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calibrated choice-temperature bucket). Triage is two passes on this checkpoint:
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| 41 |
+
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1. **Coarse pass** β choose one of the 12 clusters. In production the same pass also scores
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| 43 |
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urgency, frustration, churn risk and refund intent (heads inherited from the base model).
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+
2. **Fine pass** β choose among only the 3-10 intents of the winning cluster.
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+
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Coarse accuracy on the eval sample: **96.0%**. The two-pass eval ran the
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200 tickets in 16.1s on one Kaggle T4.
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| 48 |
+
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+
## Training details
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| 50 |
+
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- **Data**: the BANKING77 train split (10,003 tickets). Each ticket contributes two
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| 52 |
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sequences β the coarse choice (gold = the intent's cluster) and the fine choice
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| 53 |
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restricted to that cluster (gold = the intent) β 20,006 training items in total.
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| 54 |
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- **Objective**: RLCD policy gradients over a proper scoring rule (log score + spherical +
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| 55 |
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ranked-probability for score-type questions) plus a cross-entropy guidance term toward
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| 56 |
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the gold answer.
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- **Hyperparameters** (from the committed trainer):
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3 epochs; micro-batch 8 with gradient accumulation 4 (effective 32 per rank);
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| 59 |
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RLCD group size 4 with sigma annealed 0.4 β 0.1 across epochs; AdamW with
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| 60 |
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encoder lr 2.5e-5 / head lr 1e-4, weight decay 0.01.
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- **Hardware**: Kaggle 2Γ Tesla T4, `torchrun` DDP (9,803 items per rank after the
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equal-count trim), about 46 minutes end to end.
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- **Software**: laya 0.3.22, laya-triage 0.1.0, adapted from laya's official 2ΓT4 notebook.
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- **Notebook**: [`finetune/laya_triage_banking77.ipynb`](https://github.com/Gjusev/laya-triage/blob/main/finetune/laya_triage_banking77.ipynb)
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| 65 |
+
(opens directly in Kaggle; the committed run is [gjusev/laya-triage-banking77](https://www.kaggle.com/code/gjusev/laya-triage-banking77)).
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## Calibration
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Choice-answer temperature fitted on a held-out calibration split carved from the training
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data **before** training: **3.825** (score and noul heads keep their 1.2 defaults).
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After three epochs on memorized training data the choice logits are sharply overconfident;
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the fitted temperature softens them back so `answer_confidence` remains a usable gate.
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## Escalation
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The operational policy auto-handles a ticket only when every routing decision's calibrated
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confidence clears a threshold. For this checkpoint the 75% accuracy target is met at
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threshold **0.00** with **100% coverage**
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(90.5% accuracy among auto-handled tickets): on this English banking
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sample the calibrated confidence is strong enough that nothing needs escalating β a large
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change from the zero-shot checkpoint, whose operating point was 0.84 at ~60% coverage.
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Treat that as a property of this domain/sample, not a universal guarantee.
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## What was trained and what was not
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- **Trained**: the two routing decisions (cluster choice, intent choice).
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- **NOT trained**: the auxiliary signal heads β BANKING77 carries no urgency/frustration/
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churn/refund labels. Measured on the project's English hand-labeled subset
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(n=60): urgency MAE **0.701**, frustration MAE
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**0.693** (zero-shot all-language baseline 0.813 / 1.071).
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The routing-only fine-tune did not disturb them.
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- **English only**: the base checkpoint is the English laya model. The repo documents
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per-language coarse-accuracy degradation zero-shot; this fine-tune does not address it.
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## Where it fails (top confusions on the eval sample)
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| Gold | Predicted | Count |
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|---|---|---:|
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| `top_up_failed` | `topping_up_by_card` | 1 |
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| `beneficiary_not_allowed` | `failed_transfer` | 1 |
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| `order_physical_card` | `getting_virtual_card` | 1 |
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| `pin_blocked` | `change_pin` | 1 |
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| `beneficiary_not_allowed` | `transfer_into_account` | 1 |
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| `verify_top_up` | `verify_my_identity` | 1 |
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| 105 |
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| `receiving_money` | `fiat_currency_support` | 1 |
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| `wrong_exchange_rate_for_cash_withdrawal` | `cash_withdrawal_charge` | 1 |
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| `declined_transfer` | `transfer_not_received_by_recipient` | 1 |
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| `get_disposable_virtual_card` | `getting_virtual_card` | 1 |
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Every top confusion is a single-ticket mistake on this sample β there is no systematic
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confusion pair at n=200.
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+
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## Intended use
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+
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- Routing customer-support tickets to departments/queues in English banking-style domains.
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+
- As a drop-in laya checkpoint inside the [laya-triage pipeline](https://github.com/Gjusev/laya-triage),
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| 117 |
+
which adds multilingual routing, the escalation policy and the signal heads.
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+
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**Out of scope**: languages other than English (use the zero-shot multilingual pipeline
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instead), non-banking domains, any decision with safety or legal consequences, and use of
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the urgency/frustration scores as anything beyond triage prioritization signals.
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## Limitations
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- Evaluated on a 200-ticket sample (seed 13) of the BANKING77 test split; the full-split
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| 126 |
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numbers may differ. Reproduce with the artifact, not the prose.
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| 127 |
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- Out-of-domain tickets map to the nearest banking concept when confidence is high enough;
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the repo's smoke test escalated 7 of 8 IT-operations tickets at the zero-shot 0.84 gate.
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- Latency figures (CPU 577.4s / T4 16.1s per 200-ticket two-pass)
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are development measurements, not deployment benchmarks.
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+
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## Evaluation methodology and artifacts
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| 133 |
+
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Sample selection, per-ticket records (predictions, confidences, correctness), the coverage
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| 135 |
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curve and every number above live in
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[`evals/results/banking77_finetuned.json`](https://github.com/Gjusev/laya-triage/blob/main/evals/results/banking77_finetuned.json).
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+
The eval kernel that produced it attaches this checkpoint as a Kaggle dataset and re-runs
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the same seed-13 two-pass as the repo's zero-shot harness
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([gjusev/laya-triage-ft-eval](https://www.kaggle.com/code/gjusev/laya-triage-ft-eval)).
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| 140 |
+
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## Usage
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| 142 |
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```python
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import laya
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| 145 |
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from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
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from laya_triage import schema
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+
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agent = laya.Agent(snapshot_download("Gjusev/laya-triage-banking77"), device="cpu")
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| 149 |
+
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stage1 = agent.predict([{"message": "I was charged twice for the same card payment"}],
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schema.coarse_questions())[0]
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cluster = stage1["answers"]["cluster"]["choice"]
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stage2 = agent.predict([{"message": "I was charged twice for the same card payment"}],
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schema.fine_questions(cluster))[0]
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print(cluster, stage2["answers"]["intent"]["choice"],
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stage2["answers"]["intent"]["answer_confidence"])
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```
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The full pipeline (`TriagePipeline`) wraps both passes plus department mapping and the
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escalation gate β see the repo README.
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## Base model and data
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+
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Fine-tuned from the Apache-2.0 laya System 1 checkpoint by Convai Innovations
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(`convaiinnovations/laya`), trained on the BANKING77 dataset (PolyAI-LDN). Thanks to both.
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+
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## License
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| 168 |
+
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Apache 2.0. The fine-tune and its evaluation artifacts are part of the
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+
[laya-triage](https://github.com/Gjusev/laya-triage) project.
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