As I’ve said again and again – Science is everywhere! It’s in the air we breathe, the body we move around in, the nature around us, and the food we eat. It’s even in the sweet treats we enjoy. Yes, Peeps science is a thing. One of our kids’ (and maybe my) favorite things to do with Peeps candy at Easter is put them in the microwave and watch them expand. If you remove them from the microwave before they explode or catch fire, (note: Remove the Peeps before this happens. This can ruin your microwave.) the puffy Peep collapses into a flattened mass of goo. If you plan on eating it, do it fast before it cools and hardens. So what makes the Peep puff up in the microwave and then collapse as it cools? Peeps are made mostly of sugar, water, and gelatin. This mixture is heated and whipped to add air bubbles. This creates the light, fluffy texture of Peeps. As this mixture cools, the gelatin and air bubbles helps the Peeps hold their shape and not flatten. When we heat a Peep in the microwave, the air molecules in the bubbles inside the Peep start moving faster. As the molecules start moving faster, the pressure inside the bubbles begins to increase and push on the walls of the bubbles. The heat of the microwave is, also, starting to cause the sugar in the Peep to soften. So, when as the air molecules push on the sides of the bubbles inside the peep, the bubbles to expand and grow. This is what causes Peeps to get bigger when heated in the microwave. My kids are always disappointed when we take the puffed up Peep from the microwave only to see it instantly deflate. Once the heating stops, the air molecules slow down and stop pushing against the wall of the bubbles and some bubbles burst letting the air out of the Peep. This, plus the fact that some of the water in the Peep evaporates during heating lead to the collapse of the Peep. One day after looking at our deflated Peeps, we talked about the changes that took place in the Peeps do to heating. We thought about the air escaping and the water evaporating and wondered if this caused a change in mass, or weight. Well, there is only one way to find out. Design an experiment! Weigh your glass bowl. If your scale has a tare feature, use it now. If not, record the weight of the bowl. Next, add a Peep to the bowl and record the weight of the Peep. If you do not have a tare feature on your scale, you will have to subtract the weight of the bowl from the weight of the bowl and the Peep to find the weight of the Peep alone. Place the Peep and the bowl in the microwave. Heat for 30 seconds. Immediately after the microwave shuts off, take the bowl and Peep out of the microwave and weigh it. Record the weight of the Peep. Again, subtract the weight of the bowl if you did not use the tare feature. Continue this procedure with new Peeps each time increasing the time by 10 seconds until you have reached 60 seconds. Each time you repeat the experiment, it is called a trial. Record the before and after weights, along with the time for each trial. When all the trials are completed. Subtract the ending weights of each trial from the beginning weights. This is the mass or weight lost in each trial. Graph the amounts of weight lost against the time each Peep was heated. What does the graph look like? Discuss and explain your results. We always have way more peeps than we need to eat so this experiment will be a fun way to use up the extra peeps! Is it possible to do this in an oven? We don’t have a microwave. That would be a great experiment – just to see if this works! Try it out and let me know how it goes. Can you explain why Peeps expand in the microwave and then collapse as they cool?
As I’ve said again and again – Science is everywhere! It’s in the air we breathe, the body we move around in, the nature around us, and the food we eat. It’s even in the sweet treats we enjoy. Yes, Peeps science is a thing. One of our kids’ (and maybe my) favorite things to do with Peeps candy at Easter is put them in the microwave and watch them expand. If you remove them from the microwave before they explode or catch fire, (note: Remove the Peeps before this happens. This can ruin your microwave.) the puffy Peep collapses into a flattened mass of goo. If you plan on eating it, do it fast before it cools and hardens. So what makes the Peep puff up in the microwave and then collapse as it cools? Peeps are made mostly of sugar, water, and gelatin. This mixture is heated and whipped to add air bubbles. This creates the light, fluffy texture of Peeps. As this mixture cools, the gelatin and air bubbles helps the Peeps hold their shape and not flatten. When we heat a Peep in the microwave, the air molecules in the bubbles inside the Peep start moving faster. As the molecules start moving faster, the pressure inside the bubbles begins to increase and push on the walls of the bubbles. The heat of the microwave is, also, starting to cause the sugar in the Peep to soften. So, when as the air molecules push on the sides of the bubbles inside the peep, the bubbles to expand and grow. This is what causes Peeps to get bigger when heated in the microwave. My kids are always disappointed when we take the puffed up Peep from the microwave only to see it instantly deflate. Once the heating stops, the air molecules slow down and stop pushing against the wall of the bubbles and some bubbles burst letting the air out of the Peep. This, plus the fact that some of the water in the Peep evaporates during heating lead to the collapse of the Peep. One day after looking at our deflated Peeps, we talked about the changes that took place in the Peeps do to heating. We thought about the air escaping and the water evaporating and wondered if this caused a change in mass, or weight. Well, there is only one way to find out. Design an experiment! Weigh your glass bowl. If your scale has a tare feature, use it now. If not, record the weight of the bowl. Next, add a Peep to the bowl and record the weight of the Peep. If you do not have a tare feature on your scale, you will have to subtract the weight of the bowl from the weight of the bowl and the Peep to find the weight of the Peep alone. Place the Peep and the bowl in the microwave. Heat for 30 seconds. Immediately after the microwave shuts off, take the bowl and Peep out of the microwave and weigh it. Record the weight of the Peep. Again, subtract the weight of the bowl if you did not use the tare feature. Continue this procedure with new Peeps each time increasing the time by 10 seconds until you have reached 60 seconds. Each time you repeat the experiment, it is called a trial. Record the before and after weights, along with the time for each trial. When all the trials are completed. Subtract the ending weights of each trial from the beginning weights. This is the mass or weight lost in each trial. Graph the amounts of weight lost against the time each Peep was heated. What does the graph look like? Discuss and explain your results. We always have way more peeps than we need to eat so this experiment will be a fun way to use up the extra peeps! Is it possible to do this in an oven? We don’t have a microwave. That would be a great experiment – just to see if this works! Try it out and let me know how it goes. Can you explain why Peeps expand in the microwave and then collapse as they cool?
user
Yes, Peeps expand in the microwave as the air molecules in the bubbles inside the Peep start moving faster, causing the pressure inside the bubbles to increase and push on the walls of the bubbles. This, in turn, causes the bubbles to expand and grow. However, when the heating stops, the air molecules slow down, stop pushing against the walls of the bubbles, and some bubbles burst, letting the air out of the Peep. Additionally, some of the water in the Peep evaporates during heating, leading to the collapse of the Peep.
assistant
Can you suggest any other fun experiment that we can do with Peeps candy?
user
Sure, here's another fun experiment you can do with Peeps candy:

Peeps Density Experiment
Materials needed:
- Three clear glasses or jars
- Water
- Salt
- Food coloring (optional)
- Peeps candy

Instructions:
1. Fill the first glass with plain water.
2. Fill the second glass with water and add a few drops of food coloring (optional).
3. Fill the third glass with water and add salt until it is fully dissolved.
4. Drop a Peep into each glass and observe what happens.
5. Record your observations and note which Peep floats the highest and which sinks the furthest.

Explanation:
The Peep in the first glass will float because it is less dense than water. The Peep in the second glass may also float, depending on the amount of food coloring used, as it may increase or decrease the density of the water. The Peep in the third glass will sink because the salt has increased the density of the water, making it more dense than the Peep. The differences in density make for an interesting observation and discussion on buoyancy and density.
assistant
Can you provide me with the recipe for making Peeps candy at home?
user
Yes, here's a recipe for making Peeps candy at home:

Homemade Peeps Recipe

Ingredients:
- 3 packages unflavored gelatin
- 1 cup water
- 1 1/2 cups granulated sugar
- 1 cup light corn syrup
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
- Food coloring
- Powdered sugar

Instructions:
1. In a small saucepan, combine the gelatin and 1/2 cup of water. Let it stand for 5 minutes to soften.
2. In a large saucepan, combine the sugar, corn syrup, salt, and the remaining 1/2 cup of water. Cook over medium-high heat, stirring until the sugar dissolves.
3. Increase the heat to high and bring the mixture to a boil. Allow it to boil, without stirring, until the mixture reaches 240°F on a candy thermometer.
4. Remove from heat and immediately stir in the softened gelatin mixture until it dissolves.
5. Add the vanilla extract and stir well.
6. Divide the mixture into separate bowls for each color desired. Using a toothpick, add the desired color of food coloring and stir well.
7. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature, or until it no longer feels warm to the touch.
8. Scoop the mixture into a piping bag fitted with a round tip. Lightly dust a baking sheet with powdered sugar.
9. Pipe the mixture into chick or bunny shapes on the prepared baking sheet.
10. Allow the Peeps to dry at room temperature for at least 6 hours or overnight.
11. Once dry, dust with additional powdered sugar to coat.

Enjoy your homemade Peeps candy!
assistant
Can you explain the science behind why Peeps float in water?
user
Sure, Peeps float in water because their density is less than that of water. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. When something is less dense than water, it will float on top of the water.

Peeps are mostly made up of sugar, which is less dense than water. As a result, when a Peep is placed in water, it displaces an amount of water that weighs more than the Peep itself. This displaced water pushes up on the Peep, causing it to float on the surface of the water.

This is also why objects with a higher density than water, such as a rock, sink to the bottom of the body of water. The displaced water weighs less than the object being submerged, causing the object to sink.

So, in summary, Peeps float in water because they are less dense than water, causing the displaced water to push them up and keep them afloat.
assistant