title: Human Rights Adjudication in Central Asia
abstract: Abstract In this chapter, I will explore human rights adjudication in three Central Asian countries, namely, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan, in the context of external power dynamics. The chapter will show that external factors are shaping the internal political dynamics and fundamental rights adjudication in Central Asia. The cases discussed in this chapter will reveal a common trend across Central Asia involving a shift from monism toward dualism in constitutional texts and in the inte