title: Pontil Marks on the Vessels from Frontovoe 3 Necropolis in the South-Western Crimea as a Source for Investigating Glassworkers’ Tools and Technological Traditions
abstract: Pontil, an essential glassworking tool, was widely used in Roman time Europe from the 3rd quarter of the first century. It was used for the hot working of the rim and other vessel parts after it was separated from the blowpipe. There are several basic types of pontil marks. It was also possible to make a blown vessel without using a pontil. Different types of pontil marks as well as methods of manufacturing blown glass vessels without a pontil have been examined for the vessels of the Frontovoe 
journal: Stratum plus Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology