title: Foreign Sovereign Immunity in Exequatur Proceedings
abstract: On 5 June 2025, the District Court of The Hague rejected the request for exequatur of a Ukrainian ruling holding energy giant Gazprom jointly and severally liable for damages caused by the Russian Federation in Ukraine. Despite the entry into force of the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention between Ukraine and the Netherlands, the Dutch judge declared itself incompetent on foreign sovereign immunity grounds. This decision underscores the close interplay between private and public international law, 
journal: CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL