title: A quarter-century of independent Ukraine. Dimensions of transformation. OSW Studies 64, November 2017
abstract: On 24 August 1991, the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR proclaimed independence, and on 1 December the same year, the Ukrainian people ratified that proclamation in a referendum. The new Ukrainian state had some very important assets, such as the peaceful path that led to its independence, the fact that its territory was uncontested and its civilian administration was established. They downside, which determined Ukraine’s fundamental weaknesses, was that like the other former Soviet republic
journal: Archive of European Integration (AEI) (University of Pittsburgh)