title: Collaboration with the enemy under the criminal law of Ukraine and other European states: comparative research
abstract: The paper provides criminal law interpretation of collaboration offenses in Ukraine and several other European countries. The study critically elaborates on the overlapping provisions in Ukraine’s Criminal Code, specifically Articles 111 (treason), 111-1 (collaboration activity), and 111-2 (aiding the aggressor state), which create inconsistencies and hinder effective prosecution in the area of national security. Using comparative, historical, and systemic analytical methods, the authors highlig
journal: Revista Amazonia Investiga