title: Substantiation of Orchard Establishing Projects With Various Planting Patterns
abstract: Many regions of the Russian Federation have laid a course for developing horticulture and nursery gardening. In many respects, this became possible due to the increased support of agricultural producers from the state in the form of subsidies at the stage of establishing of orchards and nurseries. Subsidies are provided for establishing of perennial fruit and berryproducing shrubs, fruit and berry shrub nurseries, as well as for expenditures connected with caring for perennial fruit and berrypro