title: Transformation of Turkish-Russian Relations: Rivalry and Cooperation in Eurasia and the Levant
abstract: Relations between Russia and Türkiye have developed considerably since the end of the Cold War. What began as energy trade in the late 1980s evolved into cooperation in business, energy, construction, tourism, politics and even security. Behind the ever-expanding cooperation lies a mistrust fueled by historical enmity and regional rivalry that occasionally leads to confrontation. As the two countries seek to shape their competitive cooperation beyond the current geopolitical challenges and const
journal: Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi