title: POLAND IN THE CONCEPT OF EXTENDED DETERRENCE: FROM THE SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT TO THE UKRAINIAN CONFLICT
abstract: This paper examines Poland's experience with extended deterrence across two pivotal historical junctures: the Solidarity Movement crisis (1980 - 1981) and the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian conflict (2022 - present). The analysis applies a comparative historical method supported by primary sources including declassified CIA documents and Politburo transcripts, alongside secondary academic literature and quantitative defense data. Poland's geopolitical position, shaped by centuries of partition, Soviet 
journal: SCIENCE International Journal