title: Debt, Bondage, and Indentured Labor in Land and Maritime Empires
abstract: This chapter seeks to provide a comprehensive view of forms of indentured migrations which goes beyond conventional approaches limiting this phenomenon to post-slavery era, essentially in the Atlantic and debating whether it was free or unfree labor. Instead, it is argued that this form of extreme dependence related to migration developed on both sides of Eurasia (in Central Asia, Russia and China and in Western Empires) since the seventeenth century onwards. This global phenomenon expressed the
journal: Cambridge University Press eBooks