title: 445Between nation and association of states: historical discourses on Europe and the crises of the early twenty-first century
abstract: Between nation and association of states: historical discourses on Europe and the crises of the early twenty-first centuryEurope is a difficult concept.Ideas about what Europe actually is, what it should look like in future and how it ought to develop are as diverse as the national contexts in which such issues are discussed.Views concerning Europe's role in a given national context, with regard among other things to the historical development of the continent and its individual countries, play 