title: Human Trafficking and International Armed Conflict Applying the Trafficking Lens to Sexual Violence, Forced Labour and Deportation in the Russian-Occupied Territories of Ukraine
abstract: Immediately after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation in February 2022, the international anti-trafficking community raised concerns about the Ukrainian refugees facing heightened risks of human trafficking, as evidenced by the documented links between conflict-induced mass displacement and exposure to exploitation. Yet, the same actors remained silent on possible trafficking in the areas under Russian control ‐ even as evidence of systematic sexual violence employed by 
journal: Journal of Human Trafficking Enslavement and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence