title: On the biology of two species of ground-nesting eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) and their cuckoo-wasp parasites (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from the Tarkhankut Nature Park, Crimea
abstract: Hemipterochilus bembeciformis and Tropidodynerus interruptus nest in ground with rather similar soil characteristics (light to medium clay loam). Two nests of the former species and four of the latter were excavated. Both species used water to moisten the ground. Females of H. bembeciformis surmounted the nest entrance with a 1–4 mm high mud collar; the nest entrance of T. interruptus was simple but temporary closed with mud pellets by the wasps. One nest of H. bembeciformis was abandoned, while
journal: Nature Conservation Research