title: Geographic variations of song and rain calls of the Chaffinch across the ranges of three subspecies
abstract: Abstract We analyze the variability of the Chaffinch’s (Fringilla coelebs) song and rain calls in 20 populations localized along a transect of about 3,000 km, crossing the territory of European Russia between the White Sea, Crimean Peninsula and the Caucasus Mountains. Three subspecies of Chaffinch inhabit this area: European (F. c. coelebs) , Caucasian (F. c. caucasicus) , and Crimean (F. c. solomkoi) . The results of cluster analysis based on song show that the populations of Crimea and southe
journal: Ornis Hungarica