title: Economic Complexity and Carbon Neutrality Targets in the GCC: Evidence from a Panel Threshold Model
abstract: This study explores how economic complexity shapes carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1990 to 2022. Using a dynamic panel threshold model, we investigate whether rising economic complexity creates a turning point that changes how economic growth, energy use, trade openness, and renewable energy adoption affect environmental outcomes. The analysis uncovers a clear threshold level of economic complexity that divides the sample into two distinct regi
journal: Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change