title: The End of Civilian Power
abstract: This chapter assesses to what extent Germany's Zeitenwende—the “watershed moment” of Russia's invasion of Ukraine—has already changed Germany's foreign and security policy identity from “military restraint” and “civilian power” to a return to military power and leadership; how lasting this change might be; and what the implications are for broader European security and transatlantic relations. It argues that the most important explanatory framework to understand German foreign policy after reuni