title: Grey-Zone Warfare in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
abstract: The contemporary international security environment is increasingly shaped by competition that unfolds below the threshold of open armed conflict. Commonly described as grey-zone warfare, this mode of contestation relies on ambiguity, deniability, and gradual escalation to achieve strategic objectives while avoiding direct military confrontation. At the same time, artificial intelligence has emerged as a transformative technology that reshapes how power is exercised across political, information
journal: International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology