title: Government disinformation in war and conflict
abstract: This chapter provides an insight into government disinformation in war and conflict. More recent scholarship defines propaganda as ‘the deliberate manipulation of representations with the intention of producing any effect in the audience that is desired by the propagandist’. In what is considered one of the foundational texts for understanding modern war and conflict, Clausewitz notes that a 'great part of the information obtained in war is contradictory, a still greater part is false, and by fa