title: Some Reflections about the Evolution of Golden Horde Towns
abstract: The paper presents the regularities in the evolution of the Golden Horde towns. The authors proposed a scheme of periodization of emergence and existence of the Golden Horde towns, which takes into consideration the third component of the Golden Horde — sedentary rural settlements — and consists of seven stages. The 1 st stage (1240 s —1260 s) was the emergence of a large number of settlements in the steppe zone and reconstruction of the settlement structures in the regions with an already devel
journal: Stratum plus Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology