title: Modernization of Russia’s foreign and security policy
abstract: This chapter looks at Russia’s modernization in the field of foreign policy and external relations. We distinguish between four different approaches to Russia’s foreign policy modernization: military, economic, soft power, and ecological. Each approach opens up a different perspective on what is meant by modernization, and what this means in terms of Russia’s foreign policy. Russia’s overall modernization has not followed a single paradigm, and the end result has therefore not been in line with 