title: Western Intelligence and Counter-intelligence in a Time of Russian Disinformation
abstract: Western European countries rely on intelligence to collect information on the capabilities and intentions of friends and foes alike. They also perform counter-intelligence missions in order to hinder the intelligence operations of others. This policy brief highlights how the Russian disinformation campaign strives to enhance Russian deterrence of unfavourable policy responses to its foreign policy actions. It also illustrates how it affects intelligence and counterintelligence missions undertake
journal: City Research Online (City University London)