title: Understanding and Countering Hybrid Warfare: Next Steps for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
abstract: The Russian annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea and subsequent destabilization of Eastern Ukraine was kinetically executed through special forces in conjunction with a series of synchronized, layered, well planned and coordinated diplomatic, cyber, economic, informational, and psychological tactics. This form of warfare is referred to as “hybrid warfare”. Hybrid warfare is a form of war fighting that includes a range of multi-modal activities that can be conducted by state or non-state actors. Emphas
journal: uO Research (University of Ottawa)