title: Russia Resurgent? Untangling the Role and Meaning of Moscow’s Proxies in West Africa and the Sahel
abstract: Growing international concern over Russia’s military and political resurgence in Africa and the possibility of creating a renewed Cold War has been rekindled by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the outbreak of war in Europe in February 2022. Russia’s growing influence in Africa through the re-establishment of old ties and the creation of new ones has been perceived as a quest to re-establish the geopolitical gains that the Soviet Union achieved before its collapse in 1989. Increasing demand for 
journal: Strategic Review for Southern Africa