title: Survival politics
abstract: Many international organisations (IOs) are in crisis as populists in the West, revisionist powers like China and Russia, and alienated states from the Global South challenge the international order. This dissertation analyses how the IOs respond to such threats to their existence. The dissertation shows that key officials in these IOs behave in extraordinary and unexpected ways to help the IO survive. Based on 87 interviews with ambassadors, former secretary-generals, and other high ranking offi