title: The Republic of Turkey, From An Islamic Caliphate To A Nation State
abstract: Ottoman Caliphate in Istanbul was the last empire based on Islamic caliphate system.It ruled some regions in Asia, Africa and Europe.Islam as a supra identify was able to unite nations under the flag of Islamic caliphate.The decline of Ottoman caliphate was inevitable as the effect of social development and international political dynamics that led to the caliphate's engagement in World War I. Islamic caliphate was considered fail to save the empire that led to immerging idea of nationalism in o
journal: Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak - Khatulistiwa Journal of Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak