title: Explaining Poland's Reappearance, 1918–1921: Induction or Deduction?
abstract: Poland regained its independence in 1918, but it was more idea than reality. It was only by several years of additional war and chaos that Poland stabilized as a country. Our authors have radically different explanations of these formative years: How for Jochen Böhler, and why for Andrzej Nowak, did Poland reappear? The authors have profoundly different and irreconcilable responses.For Nowak, the essential question is moral and determinative. Russia was, and still is, an “evil empire.” It has be
journal: The Polish Review