title: Transportation and Urban Planning Under State Socialism
abstract: The aim of this work is to contribute to the history of European urban planning on a specific issue: the inter-relationship of urban public transport planning and urban planning in the European countries in the 1960s and 1970s. During the 1960s, integrated planning in the Socialist European countries was a politically important issue within the concept of the city as an “integrated organism” and seemed possible to achieve. In this planning approach, rapid tramway was the most socially perceived 