title: The Formation of Civic Identity in the “Poteshnie” Movement in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. Part 2
abstract: The "poteshnie" movement was initiated by Emperor Nicholas II in 1909 with the aim of introducing basic military training in villages.The active phase of the movement spanned five years, during which several stages were completed.In the early stages, "poteshnie" detachments spontaneously formed in both military units and various departments related to children's education.By the middle of 1911, an official regulation was introduced, outlining the guidelines for creating and managing these detach
journal: Bylye Gody