title: The Black Sea in the Middle Ages
abstract: The Black Seai nt he Middle AgesThe Pontos euxeinos was aByzantine Sea in the Middle Ages.In the Byzantine millennium, its shores and waveswereculturally, politically, and economicallydominated by the successors of Eastern Rome.But while initiallythe Black Sea area was open onlyto the Mediterranean and, to al imited extent,t oA sia, an ew epoch began with the advanceo ft he Rus in the ninth century,w hent he north-south connection to the Baltic was opened up.The conquest of Constantinoplein1204a