title: The rise and fall of the Russian strategy of indirect actions in Ukraine
abstract: The war between Russia and Ukraine has been ongoing since Russia’s illegal occupation of Crimea nine years ago. In February 2022, Russia launched ‘a special military operation’ against Ukraine. To support its military operations, Russia used asymmetric and indirect methods and non-military measures as a part of its strategy. These three, heavily intertwined concepts form the basis for understanding Russia’s ‘strategy of indirect actions’ as seen by Russian academics and military leaders. As part
journal: Doria (University of Helsinki)