title: The institution of citizenship and practices of passportization in Russia’s European neighbourhood policies
abstract: This chapter focuses on extraterritorial naturalization–that is, granting citizenship to citizens of another State residing in that State–as a measure in the toolbox of Russian foreign policies. It covers the issue before the escalation of many of these measures within the Ukraine crisis since 2013 and has essentially changed the approaches of all parties involved. Passportization will generally be seen only as a legal measure if the citizenship is conferred according to the individual's will. T