abstract: The article is devoted to the contemporary problems of the ownership rights on intermediated securities. Authors study ownership rights as well as reviews the models of the proprietary rights in the modern holding chains and models of the securities holding systems, such as direct, indirect and mixed. Then author reviews the multi-tiered system of intermediation holding and proprietary rights in it under the discourse of the Latvian law, which stays on the position of the individual ownership mo
journal: ACCESS Access to science business innovation in digital economy