title: Contradictions between the EU’s Policies and Individual Member State’s Policies towards Transnational Challenges
abstract: This paper investigates “vertical coherence and incoherence” between the EU and EU member states, given horizontal coherence between the EU and the US. This paper will analyze this through a neorealist perspective that takes into account the international layer as well as consider the Supranationalist European Integration theory. This paper will compare the two cases of EU member states exhibiting vertical coherence and incoherence. This paper utilizes a small-n neopositivist methodology through