title: Urban Responses to War: The Pact of Free Cities in the Russia-Ukraine Crisis
abstract: This study examined the role of the Pact of Free Cities in responding to the Russia-Ukraine crisis, emphasizing the growing significance of urban paradiplomacy in contemporary international relations. The research addressed the issue of how cities operate as autonomous actors during international crises, independently from their national governments. This topic was considered significant due to the increasing visibility of cities in humanitarian responses and political positioning on the global 
journal: Journal of Paradiplomacy and City Networks