title: To the Question about the Functions of Rural Settlements in the Economic System of the Golden Horde
abstract: The study posed a question – nomadic steppe or rural settlements provided the cities of the Golden Horde with meat food. In the meat consumption of all the studied cities, the most important place was occupied by beef – the products of mainly rural settlements, lamb and horse meat – the products of steppe cattle breeding, played an auxiliary role. In the cities around which there were unlimited areas for grazing cattle, the proportion of beef in the diet was significantly, 10–20% higher than in 
journal: Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology)