title: The Black Sea Upwelling System: A Climatological Analysis on the North-Western Shelf
abstract: The upwelling is due to the combined eﬀect of the coastal divergence process and Ekman pumping. The author aims to investigate two new upwelling indices for the Black Sea, derived from climate reanalysis models and in situ data: a) the Coastal Upwelling Transport Index (CUTI that estimates the rate of vertical volume transport) and b) the Biologically Effective Upwelling Transport Index (BEUTI, that estimates the nitrate flux into the surface mixed layer). Average monthly wind by the European Ce
journal: Preprints.org