title: Consensus against all odds: explaining the persistence of EU sanctions on Russia
abstract: In response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine in 2014, the EU introduced<br> sanctions on Moscow. Despite increasing polarisation among member<br> states after imposition, the sanctions package was consistently<br> renewed. How can sanctions persistence be explained? While scholarly<br> accounts highlight German leadership, commitment to norms,<br> and policymakers’ engagement, the EU’s ability to uphold the<br> sanctions in the face of uneven support among member states<br> remains puzzling. With 
journal: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)