abstract: The papacy is an institution of great hierarchical authority in the Catholic Church, which is administered by the pope for the establishment of a college of cardinals with the power to judge, consecrate and initiate.Increased criticism of the papacy, political and social changes at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries, and the moral crisis of the clergy initiated the Reformation, which essentially demarcated the spheres of activity of the papacy, which flowed into the minds of the believers.A sig
journal: Grani