title: Statistical techniques and algorithms applied in satellite communications antenna arrays for direction of arrival estimation and calibration
abstract: Orbiting satellites and other spatial vehicles have complex trajectories that can usually be precisely approximated with analytical or numerical trajectory estimation algorithms. However, some scenarios, such as LEOP (Launch and Early Orbit Phase) or critical manoeuvres, present greater angular uncertainty, around +/- 1º in elevation and cross-elevation axes, and beyond. During these, large dish antennas used for TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking & Command) may have too narrow a beamwidth to perform a r