abstract: The morning after Georgia’s October 26 parliamentary elections, the country awoke to a disturbing reality: official results showed the ruling Georgian Dream (GD) party securing 53.9% of the vote. This number seemed plucked from the Kremlin’s playbook of election manipulation. However, the result was not simply a matter of fudging the final tally; it was an outcome of a sophisticated and multi-layered strategy designed to appear legitimate while manipulating every facet of the electoral process. 
journal: GEOpolitics