title: Covert action and cyber offensive operations : revisiting traditional approaches in light of new technology
abstract: Over the last three years a number of significant, alleged cyber offensive operations have taken place: the North Korean operations against Sony Pictures in 2014; the BlackEnergy3 Virus which targeted Ukrainian power substations in 2015; and the cyber offensive operations that were designed to influence recent presidential elections. This thesis will investigate whether these types of operations are new or similar to activities that took place in the twentieth century, especially during the Cold
journal: University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford)