title: Conclusions and Looking Forward
abstract: The aim of this chapter is to reflect on the inter-relationships between biomedical sciences and social sciences in the study of global health, security, and war and to consider the evolution of this topic into the future. The chapter will use the lenses of health and security presented in this book to consider the global experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. The chapter will next consider whether the contemporary experience of aff