title: The Impact of the war Between Russia and Ukraine on Trade Routes in the Black Sea
abstract: This paper explores the difficulties of unblocking the operations of Black Sea ports that remain under Ukrainian control, as well as the geopolitical dynamics between Russia and Ukraine in the area. There are two primary obstacles: first, Ukraine must preserve its coastal defense capabilities against the threat of Russian invasion without undermining the security of its land; second, it is crucial to ensure that Russia adheres to the regulations that safeguard freedom of navigation in the Black 
journal: Konsensus Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi