title: Monitoring of Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov using Remote Sensing Methods
abstract: Summary Sentinel-1 images of the Black and Azov Seas from 2024 to 2025 were analyzed for hydrocarbon pollution. An accident that caused a fuel oil spill in the Black Sea near the Kerch Strait occurred on December 15, 2024, when two Russian tankers, “Volgoneft-212” and “Volgoneft-239,” were damaged, resulting in approximately 4,000 tons of fuel oil entering the Black Sea. However, the exact amount of hydrocarbon spilled is unknown. The authors used a methodology for determining the affected area,