title: Between Russia, Persia and Turkey : life and activity of Seraya Shapshal from 1873 to 1927
abstract: The article presents the biography of Seraya Shapshal (1873-1961) from his birth to the moment of his election at the post of hakham of Karaims of the Republic of Poland. During that period he lived in Russia, Persia and Turkey. He was born in a Karaim family in Crimea, where he attended his first schools. In 1884 he left for Saint Petersburg. He finished his secondary education and his studies at the Faculty of Oriental Languages. From 1901 to 1909, on behalf of Saint Petersburg State Universit
journal: Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)