title: Mare Clausum: War and Diplomacy on the Black Sea, 1939 –91
abstract: On February 23,1942, aS oviets ubmarine (ShCh-213)a ttacked two vessels in the Black Sea, near the Turkish coastline.The first was aT urkish schooner (ankaya), sunk by gunfire ten miles north of the Bosporus.Captained by Lieutenant D. M. Denezhko, the ShCh-213 was carrying secret orders to attack all neutral and Axis vessels to impede the delivery of strategic arms into the Black Sea.Less than 24 hours after the ankaya incident, the ShCh-213 torpedoed asecond vessel, the SS Struma,w hich was cha