title: Towards a More Strategic Civilian CSDP: Strengthening EU Civilian Crisis Management in a New Era of Geopolitics and Risk
abstract: In the wake of Russia’s full- scale invasion of Ukraine, European Union (EU) member states have taken decisions that have shifted the focus of civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) more firmly to its Eastern Neighbourhood. This shift has raised the geopolitical profile and relevance of civilian CSDP, but it has also increased the stakes. Although civilian CSDP has become more geopolitical, it has not necessarily become more strategic, as decision making and action remain ad hoc and 