title: Disinformation in the Russo-Ukrainian conflict
abstract: This chapter explores the role of disinformation as a tool of hybrid warfare in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, focusing on its impact on global stability and international relations. Disinformation campaigns, particularly those led by Russia, have distorted public perception, influenced policy decisions, and undermined international unity since the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Through the spread of false narratives – such as the protection of Russian