title: The Perspectives of the European Union and Qatar on the 2022 World Cup
abstract: This study aims to investigate Qatar’s and the EU’s perspectives on the 2022 World Cup. Through a case study of the 2022 World Cup, the study evaluated the EU’s and Qatar’s views on the tournament using conceptual frameworks and the literature review approach, which involved gathering pertinent articles, political discourses, reports, books, etc. The concept of soft power has been used to analyze Qatar’s strategy. The concept of civilizing power has been applied to the EU’s perspective to examin
journal: The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations