title: The Cloud of Sanctions: Contending U.S.-Russian Approaches &amp; Strategic Implications
abstract: Economic sanctions have been the defining feature of the relationship between Russia and the U.S. / EU since the 2014 Ukraine crisis, and both Moscow and Washington appear to accept that sanctions will remain in place indefinitely. This persistence of sanctions presents a paradox: Western policy makers have repeatedly increased the breadth and depth of these sanctions, despite little evidence that the sanctions have ‘worked’ to achieve their explicit and tangible objectives. This paper examines 
journal: International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy