title: Reconstruction of long-lasting underground structures: Problems and solutions
abstract: The article analyses the technical condition of underground structures for various purposes built in Russian Empire and the Soviet Union in the period from 1878 to 1984. Defects and damages of metro tunnels and road tunnels in Crimea are shown on the examples of specific objects of construction. The parameters determining the physical deterioration of underground linear structures are revealed. On the example of the Moscow underground and railway tunnels of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, the typical 