title: Soviet intelligence gathering in Africa in the 1960s and early 1970s: a review article
abstract: ABSTRACT The wave of independence in Africa in the late 1950s and early 1960s, combined with the ‘thaw’ after Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, resulted in renewed Soviet interest after two decades of ignoring African affairs. Newly established diplomatic relations with liberation movements and independent states required the rapid training of middle-level cadres who could report back accurately to Moscow, as the USSR struggled t
journal: Review of African Political Economy