title: Shift in intelligence issue ownership: conceptualizing CITINT—intelligence conducted by citizens
abstract: This article elaborates on the conceptualization of CITINT, i.e., the intelligence activities conducted by citizens and NGOs. This article is a preliminary attempt to establish foundation and perspectives for future research and to provide for initial conceptualization of CITINT. Moreover, this article elucidates CITINT’s implications from legislative perspective within the Finnish context. A semi-systematic, limited literature review incorporating academic literature, governmental outlets, and 
journal: Frontiers in Political Science