title: Key challenges to the development of modern Spain:political and economic aspects
abstract: The article analyzes the main political and economic challenges to the left-wing PSOE-Sumar coalition government formed in 2023. The paper characterizes the positions of the ruling bloc and assesses the influence the Catalan and Basque nationalist parties have on the decision-making process in the Spanish Parliament. In particular, the risks for the central authorities after the adoption of the amnesty law for Catalan separatists in 2024 are highlighted. Additionally, foreign policy factors infl
journal: Post-Soviet Issues