title: Considering Caliphate and Democracy in Islam: A Comparison of The Ottoman Dynasty and The Indonesian State
abstract: &lt;p&gt;&lt;ins cite="mailto:Author"&gt;The Ottoman Dynasty was one of the largest forms of Islamic government in history. This study aims to investigate and understand the comparison between the concept of the caliphate in the Ottoman Dynasty, one of the largest Islamic empires in history, and the form of a modern state with democracy, namely the State of Indonesia. This study uses comparative historical analysis, taken from primary sources, historical records, and scientific literature to tra
journal: POLITEA