title: 10 A Populist Reformation: The Early Modern Transformation of Islam in the Ottoman Empire
abstract: The Early Modern Transformation of Islam in the Ottoman EmpireIn mid-September 1633,o nt he occasion of Muhammad'sb irthday celebrations, a very large crowdh ad gathered at the Mosque of Sultan Ahmedt ol isten to the most popular preachers of the Ottoman imperial capital.AfterA bdlmecid Sivasi (d.1639),aSufi sheikh of the Khalveti order and the Fridaypreacher at the Mosque of Sultan Ahmed, gave as ermon with an insinuating sneer directed at Kadzade Mehmed (d.1635), whow as the preacher at the ca