title: The political effects of the Russian-Ukraine war on international trade
abstract: The Russian-Ukrainian war, an unprecedented geopolitical event, has triggered profound and far-reaching consequences for international trade. This paper examines the political effects of the conflict on global trade, with a focus on how political decisions, economic sanctions, and realignments among nations are reshaping trade flows and policies. As major exporters of energy, grain, and essential raw materials, Russia and Ukraine have long been integral to global supply chains. The onset of host
journal: Qualitative Research of Business and Social Sciences