title: Defending the Civic Body from False Information Online
abstract: Abstract We have established that false information online harms the civic body , driven by the economics of emotion and the politics of emotion . What should be done about this? Multi-stakeholder solutions have been proffered by various countries’ governmental inquiries into disinformation and fake news, and by supranational bodies including the United Nations, European Union and Commonwealth. This chapter assesses seven solution areas: namely, (1) coercive and non-coercive government action, (