title: When the Other Speaks: Ismāʿīl Gasprinskii and the Concept of Islamic Reformation
abstract: Abstract Through analysis of the Russian-language writings of the prominent Crimean Tatar Muslim educator Ismāʿīl Gasprinskii, this article engages in unpacking the term ‘Islamic Reformation’. Gasprinskii’s membership of various, not necessarily overlapping social groups, including Russian conservative circles and international Muslim liberal networks, gave rise to the multitude of complex, often mutually exclusive meanings that the term enjoyed in his work. Despite clear references that Gasprin
journal: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient