title: U.S. and NATO Naval Engagement with Russia in the Black Sea: Historical Patterns and Current Prospects
abstract: Since Russia's annexation of Crimea in March 2014, the United States and its NATO Allies have increased their military presence and exercises in the Black Sea focused on deterring Russian aggression or coercion. Russia has also increased the number and magnitude of its exercises in the region. In some interactions in this region, Russia has acted in an unprofessional manner and has engaged in provocative conduct against U.S. and NATO military units to an extent that has placed future U.S.–Russia
journal: Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)