title: A CITY RIGHT AT THE CORE OF GLOBAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGES OF THE 19TH- CENTURY: ISTANBUL
abstract: 19th-century -all around the world- is considered as a period of the political and economic structures evolve towards global integration. The Ottoman Empire, which mixed with the impact of these socio-economic changes, had experienced four major breaking point: Global capital accumulated with Industrial Revolution (18th and 19th centuries), downsizing of the country’s borders which started from the first soil-loss by The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774), expanding socioeconomic markets which were