title: The Lvov-Warsaw School in the World of Values: Introduction to the Special Issues of Filozofia Nauki
abstract: The history of the city which was the cradle of Twardowski's School was extremely turbulent in the last 120 years.In the 20th century, it first belonged to Galicia, the Polish province of Austria-Hungary, then between 1918 and 1939 to independent Poland.Dramatic, fratricidal battles for the city between Poles and Ukrainians took place in 1919.Between 1939 and 1945, it was occupied by Soviet Russians, Nazi Germany, and Russians again.In 1945, based on the Yalta agreements, it was included in the 
journal: Filozofia Nauki