title: The Rise of Urban Centers in the Golden Horde and the City of Ükek
abstract: This essay discusses the rise of cities in the territories of the Golden Horde. It contextualizes the information found in European travelers such as Marco Polo and William of Rubruck to examine the transition from a nomadic economy to a sedentary economy. Arabic sources such as Ab l-Fid allow a survey of the location of the major urban centers while Ibn Baa allows a deeper understanding of the composition of cities. While Ukek started as an urban center situated at the northern limit of the ann
journal: Golden Horde Review