title: Hattat İsmail Zihni Paşa: Bir Osmanlı Devlet Adamı ve Mucidinin Hayatı ve Vefatı
abstract: e principal concern of this paper is to shed light on the question of what it took to be an Ottoman for a statesman in late 18th century. is was an age of significant turmoil caused by a series of diplomatic and military crises when identities and allegiances were recast. e present paper will challenge the conventional views about the adoption and adaptation in the Ottoman Empire and the attitudes of the Ottoman ruling elite towards innovation in this period. Based on the Ottoman archives and
journal: Osmanlı Araştırmaları