title: Agresja Rosji na Ukrainę – podzwonne dla realizmu politycznego
abstract: The article focuses on analyzing Russia’s policy towards Ukraine from the perspective of political realism, highlighting the limitations of this approach. After the annexation of Crimea and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, political realism gained popularity but fails to account for subjective and immaterial factors such as ideology and strategic culture. It is difficult to accept the reductionist view of realists who attribute Russia’s aggression to a rational response to NATO’s expansion, without
journal: Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej