title: 1657 Banning Wahhabism: The Role of the <i>ʿUlamā</i> in the Censorship Policies of the Late Ottoman Empire
abstract: To maintain social order during the Late Ottoman Era, Ottoman authorities established a systematic intellectual regime that aimed at combatting what they called "harmful ideas."Within the scope of these administrative responses, state rulers needed scholars to investigate books, and censorship was seen as one of the key solutions to protect people.Thanks to the enhanced opportunities afforded by communication and transportation in the second half of the nineteenth century, undesirable ideologies