title: Propaganda and Disinformation of Russia’s War against Ukraine in 2014–2024
abstract: The article analyses Russia’s use of propaganda and disinformation against Ukraine from 2014 to 2024. It shows how Russia combined civilian and military information tools – rooted in Soviet traditions and modern techniques – to shape narratives, manipulate public opinion, and justify aggression. Early Russian efforts proved effective, but their impact declined as Ukraine developed strong information resilience through state reforms, strategic communications, and civil-society initiatives. The st
journal: Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej