title: The emergence and development of samfunnssikkerhet in Norway
abstract: This chapter offers a Norwegian perspective on the historical and political conditions of the birth and development of the term societal security (samfunnssikkerhet) after the end of the Cold War. In the light of external and internal security events, societal changes, and new national security concerns, the chapter traces some parallelisms with the concept of total defence and how the two terms evolved and overlapped until samfunnssikkerhet became a national security policy and a higher educati