title: Вертикальні провалені отвори до вулканічних печер на поверхні Марса
abstract: Studies of Mars have indicated the presence of caves of volcanic and possibly glacial origin on its surface. During volcanic eruptions, flows of lava flow out. As they cool, they are covered with a hard crust and form lava tubes. After the eruption is over, the lava flows out of the tubes at the lowest point and leaves the cavity. Therefore, lava caves are located on the slopes of volcanoes close to the surface. Sometimes their upper part collapses. A large part of the surface of Mars is covered
journal: Matematika, ìnformatika, fìzika: nauka ta osvìta.