title: Environmental and Transboundary Impacts of Naval Mine Warfare in the Black Sea: Legal and Ecological Perspectives
abstract: Naval mines deployed in the Black Sea as part of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict have introduced considerable transboundary and environmental risks and have raised legal concerns under international law. This article takes an interdisciplinary approach to assess the ecological effects of mine warfare in the marine environment and reviews the relevant legal frameworks (Hague Convention VIII of 1907, UN Convention on Law of Sea (UNCLOS), Bucharest Convention) and customary international humani
journal: Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences