title: Institutional Inertia and Change: Explaining the Czech and Portuguese Engagement in European Defence Market Integration
abstract: Abstract The Permanent Structured Cooperation in Defence (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund (EDF) constitute another attempt to consolidate the European defence market. In this article, we explain the different engagements of Czechia and Portugal in the two initiatives until 2021 through the evolution and reform of the domestic institutions governing their defence industrial policies. We trace how the institutions were established, how they contributed to the national position on PESCO and ED
journal: JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies