title: Monetary Gold in the Age of Public Interest Litigation
abstract: Abstract This article develops an analytical framework for applying the Monetary Gold rule in public interest litigation before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). A new dimension of this litigation expands the circle of potential respondent states to also include facilitators and bystanders of a primary wrongdoing. This litigation raises the question as to whether the ICJ would be barred from adjudicating claims against such states because the primary wrongdoing state would be an indispen
journal: European Journal of International Law