title: Speaking with One Voice: Explaining Coherence in EU External Energy Security Policy
abstract: 2017 saw an unusually high degree of coordination between the European Union (EU) and its Member States on external energy security policy. This is puzzling not only because it defies the expectations of critics who have long highlighted the failure of Member States to adopt coherent policies on the question of external energy security, but because individual Member States have strong incentives to adopt individualistic policies that undermine collective action in this policy area. This article 
journal: European Foreign Affairs Review