title: The Council of Europe and Russia (2013–2022)
abstract: This chapter examines Russia–CoE relations from 2013 until the eve of Russia’s expulsion in February 2022. There is a focus on Russia’s invasion and annexation of Crimea and illegal activities in eastern Ukraine from 2014, and, following this, an assessment of how Russia manufactured a major crisis at the CoE over 2014–2019, and how this was resolved. It is argued that politics played a major part in what increasingly became a type of ritualistic membership of the CoE on the part of Russia. The 
journal: Policy Press eBooks