title: An analysis of Russian international air traffic in times of war: What structural changes have emerged and who benefits from Western sanctions?
abstract: We examine key air transport developments caused by Russia's ongoing war against Ukraine and subsequent sanctions on the civil aviation sector. Western countries imposed flight bans and visa restrictions on Russian airlines and individuals in early 2022, while Russia retaliated by restricting its airspace to airlines from 36 countries. We use origin-destination (booking) and flight supply (schedule) data to assess shifts in traffic volumes, destination countries, and airline nationalities and re
journal: Transportation research procedia