title: Ecotoxicological parameters of the application of biopesticides, development and adaptation of biological systems of apple protection against pests and diseases to the soil-climatic and phytosanitary conditions of the agrocenose
abstract: Goal. Ecotoxicological and economic substantiation of the biological system of apple protection against pests and diseases, its optimization and adaptation to the weather and climatic conditions and the phytosanitary state of apple agrocenosis in the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine in order to reduce crop losses and improving its quality. Methods. Phytosanitary monitoring was performed visually and using pheromone traps. The degree of hazard of pesticides was as
journal: Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Phytosanitary safety