title: Consul Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovych) Hemmerle: pages from his biography based on materials from german archives
abstract: The purpose of the study is to highlight the biography of Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) Hemmerle, Consul of Prussia, and later of the North German Confederation and the German Empire in Berdiansk. The methodology is based on the general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity. The study relies primarily on unpublished materials from the Berlin archives: Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz (GSPK) and Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts (PAAA). The scientific novel
journal: Вісник Київського національного лінгвістичного університету Серія Історія економіка філософія