title: Russia's indirect strategy and the West's response : Analyzing the difference in strategic effectiveness in the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the 2022 war in Ukraine.
abstract: This article focuses on the concept of indirect strategy advocated by Andr Beaufre, and analyzes the role and effectiveness of exterior maneuver in particular. Indirect strategy combines non-military and military means and consists of external maneuvers (information and psychological warfare, public opinion warfare, etc.) and internal maneuvers (military action), emphasizing the importance of external maneuvers to weaken the opponent's will to resist and achieve victory. While the annexation of 