title: ГІДРОГРАФІЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ У ПІВНІЧНОМУ ПРИЧОРНОМОР’Ї у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст.
abstract: With the beginning of reconstruction of the Black Sea fleet after the Crimean War 1853-1856, there was a need to clarify the nautical charts, sailing direction, available equipments.Building steamships armor clad fleet, location and sailing ships required significant hydrographical provision. In the second half of the XIX century port building, trade and passenger shipping, maritime trade with many foreign countries has been developing.At this time on the Black Sea and the Azov Sea significantly
journal: The Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series pedagogy