title: The contacts of Volga–Ural muslims with Polish–Lithuanian muslims in the first third of the 20th century: cultural, religious, and socio-political ties in Russia’s muslim umma
abstract: This article is devoted to the issue of the character and channels of communication within the Muslim umma during the first third of the 20th century in the Russian Empire and in the state entities that arose after its collapse. What ties existed between the Volga–Ural and Polish–Lithuanian Muslims in this period? Was it the matter of episodic contacts or was there a long-term and permanent communication? Did Volga–Ural and Polish–Lithuanian Muslims sense themselves to be part of a unified Musli
journal: Vilnius University Open Series