title: Putin's Europe
abstract: With the beginning of the monocentric state, the 'defective democracy' under Yeltsin came to an end and Putin's 'pseudo-democracy' was heralded. 12Under Yeltsin's reign competing clans and clientelism had made it obvious that checks and balances had not worked appropriately.Putin's pseudo-democracy has been able to give the impression that calm has returned to the political system and that the rule of law is finally functioning -at least superficially.Against the background of centralising all d
journal: VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)