title: The Political History of the Golden Horde in 1419–1427
abstract: Research objectives: To comprehensively explore the political history of the Golden Horde during the specified period; to identify the causes of the internecine wars of this period and simultaneously identify the main political groups, as well as their role and influence on the course of events. Research materials: Russian annals (Nikonovskaya, Simeonovskaya, Gustynskaya, and the West Russian chronicles); Persian historiography (al-Hawafi, Hafiz Abru, Samar­kandi, Ötemish Haji); Arabic historiog
journal: Golden Horde Review