title: FORCED LABOR IN A SOCIALIST STATE:ETHNIC GERMANS FROM KAZAKHSTANAND CENTRAL ASIA IN THE LABORARMY - 1941-1957
abstract: During World War II the Stalin regime made extensive use of forced labor in a variety of industries including logging, mining, and industrial construction.Although the conscription of civilians for industrial labor was common in the USSR during this time, one particular component of this labor went far beyond the mere militarization of factories and definitely crossed over into the category of forced labor.The NKO (People's Commissariat of Defense) conscripted about 400,000 Soviet citizens belon
journal: DergiPark (Istanbul University)