title: The European Union’s Engagement with the ‘de-facto States’ in the Eastern Partnership. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 8/2020.
abstract: Through its enlargements and the launching of the Eastern Partnership the European Union (EU) approached Russia’s so-called near abroad. The shared neighbourhood is spotted with ‘de facto states’ such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria, Donetsk and Luhansk, which proclaimed independence from their ‘mother states’: Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldova and Ukraine respectively. In the absence of international recognition, however, these self-proclaimed republics depend on the suppo
journal: Archive of European Integration (AEI) (University of Pittsburgh)