title: Dunia Islam Abad 19: Penetrasi Kolonial Barat
abstract: The world of islam in umayyah and absiyyah dynasties was in the world in the hand of a single leader, however since the 10th century raised a new development by the presence of new leaders who was appointed buy khalifah as the vice leader in some islamic world who were finally became the independent leader. Also, there were some leaders who againts the abasiyyah kahlifah and declared the mselves the conguers of islamic world, such as umayyag dynasti is spain, fatimiyah dynasti in the north afric
journal: Al-Risalah Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan