title: Features of Attracting Prisoners to Loading and Unloading Operations in the Trading Ports of the Russian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century
abstract: In order to improve the activities of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, prisoners’ labor was actively used in trade ports of the Black Sea coast. The legal basis for this process was normative acts obliging certain categories of prisoners to hard physical labor. The economic factor was the desire to reduce the cost, on the one hand, the costs of maintaining convicts, on the other hand, the costs of production, loading and unloading operation
journal: Pravo istoriya i sovremennost