title: Closing Gaps or Digging Holes?: Linking Imperial Frontiers in the 18th and 19th Centuries
abstract: Closing Gaps or Digging Holes? Linking Imperial Frontiers in the 18th and 19th Centuries Christoph Witzenrath (bio) Michael Khodarkovsky, Bitter Choices: Loyalty and Betrayal in the Russian Conquest of the North Caucasus. xiii + 200 pp. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011. ISBN-13 978-0801449727. $35.00. Yuriy Malikov, Tsars, Cossacks, and Nomads: The Formation of a Borderland Culture in Northern Kazakhstan in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. 321pp. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 2011. IS
journal: Kritika