title: The Russian Strategy of Concept Substitution in Facebook and Telegram economic content. Example of the Russian–Ukrainian War in the Period 2014–2023
abstract: RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To analyze manipulative pro-Russian materials on social networks during the war that apply the “replacement of concepts” method. THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND METHODS: The main tasks are the timely detection and counteraction of Russian propaganda, which uses disinformation technologies in the information war against Ukraine; the use of visualization to disprove falsehoods, and determination of the use of the “replacement of concepts” method on social networks. The research metho
journal: Horyzonty Polityki