title: The Lead Cloth Seals from Post-Byzantine Mangup
abstract: The aim of this research is to introduce into the scholarship a new group of sigillographic materials, or the lead cloth seals. The collection of 23 artefacts was divided into two types according to their morphological characteristics. The cloth seals of type 1 consist of two lead discs, and the cloth seals of type 2 of four discs. Type 1 comprises of three variants. All the artefacts have been interpreted as cloth seals used as markers of provenance and quality standards in the European textile
journal: Materials in Archaeology History and Ethnography of Tauria