title: Norwegian problems of confidence building
abstract: Russia's neighbors in the High North are often forced to balance between deterrence and reassurance. Deterrence is achieved by inviting US and other NATO forces closer to its border; reassurance is achieved by keeping the same forces at an arm's length to avoid unnecessary tension. But as the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War unfolded, how easy is it for Norway to maintain this delicate balance? Empirical evidence between 2014 and 2022 shows that a non-antagonist behavior has become increasingly difficul