title: LEADER TO LEADER DIPLOMACY IN PEACEMAKING: THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
abstract: Leaders are central to the individual-level decision-making process in international relations, with their personality, beliefs, and political understanding significantly shaping outcomes. In the context of peacemaking, a complex process involving multiple actors and stages leaders play a determinative role in fostering dialogue and negotiation. Traditional approaches to peacemaking often focus on institutional or structural factors, but the emerging concept of leader-to-leader diplomacy offers 
journal: Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi