title: Spain: Formation of European Security Concept
abstract: The article examines issues related to Spain’s exit from international isolation after the end of Franco dictatorship, the specifics of joining the EU and NATO, and emphasizes the country’s special interest in developing the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) and afterwards the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). The author identifies the specifics of the Spanish approach to European security, associated with the refusal to join NATO’s military organization and red
journal: World Economy and International Relations