title: Traces of Islamic Sovereignty in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages
abstract: Islam once gained sovereignty in the Eastern European region, which constituted the majority of Christians before Islam and after Islam entered there. In this contemporary era, Islam is not the majority place in Europe from the west to the east. The existence of Islam in the region in this modern era is inseparable from the historical contributions of the two axes of medieval Islamic dynasties, namely the Golden Horde Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire. The research objectives of this article are to
journal: Journal of Islamic History and Manuscript