title: Nesting biology of Paragymnomerus signaticollis tauricus (Kostylev, 1940 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
abstract: Nesting of a rare eumenine wasp, Paragymnomerus signaticollis tauricus, was observed in the Crimea. Females of this species inhabit untilled steppes and nest in clay loam soil. The nests are vertical burrows 55-120 mm deep and 7-9 mm wide, surmounted by more or less curved turrets that open sideways. The nests contain 1-4 cells and have either linear or branched structure. The cells are of the same width as the other parts of nest burrow and are 13-23 mm long. The species is univoltine; prepupae
journal: Zootaxa