title: The Russia–Ukraine Conflict: Economic Implications for the European Union
abstract: The Russia-Ukraine conflict, which escalated into a full-scale war in February 2022, has significantly altered the geopolitical and economic landscape of Europe. Although tensions between the two countries could be traced back as far as an annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, the invasion in 2022 was a sudden and drastic jump, resulting in a large-scale tragedy of humanitarian disaster and a global reaction to it (Bera, 2022). To the European Union (EU), the war has not only been a significan
journal: Policy Vanguard