title: Theoretical and material species and the concept of speciesness (about the reality of species, types of species and their diversity)
abstract: A consistent system of transitions between the concepts of species as ideas and species as forms of differentiation of living things is considered, in the form of subsequent steps from the primary nominalistic to the modern understanding of species as a level of separateness and differentiation of living things. The scheme includes 24 gradual steps in the development of knowledge, divided into several blocks. The first of them is the section "21 steps to understanding the species — from the spec
journal: Geo&Bio