title: &lt;b&gt;Historical Trajectories of Indonesia’s Fiscal Gap and Military Spending, 2003–2023&lt;/b&gt;
abstract: Abstract: Military spending reflects a nation's priorities and its geopolitical orientation, but in Indonesia it has been compromised by chronic fiscal deficits. The aim of this research was to analyze the historical trajectories of Indonesia’s fiscal gap in military spending from 20023 to 2023 by situating national development within broader global conflicts, including Russia-Ukraine war. A historical method was employed by applying synchronic and diachronic analysis, drawing on archival data f
journal: Paramita Historical Studies Journal