title: Order 227 of the People’s Commissariat of Defense “Not One Step Back!”. Penal Companies and Penal Battalions in the Large Bend of the Don River in the Summer and Autumn of 1942
abstract: This year marks the 75 th anniversary of Order 227 of July 28, 1942, known as the Order "No one step back!". This Order reflected the crisis situation on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front and the disastrous results of the Red Army defeats. The Order outlined severe measures for establishing discipline in the troops and for preventing unauthorized retreat. Distributed to the Combat Army, the Order provoked contradictory, in most cases positive assessments by soldiers and commanders wh
journal: Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Serija 4 Istorija Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija