title: Intra-European Union dynamics
abstract: Since 1997, the European Union (EU) has developed institutionalised forms of engagement with the Russian Federation. More than 20 years later, the suspension of the framework of cooperation after the annexation of Crimea and the sanctions against Russia asserted a change in EU external action. This chapter aims to identify the main EU institutions and their input in decision-making on policies towards Russia. The analysis unpacks three interrelated goals that have been prioritised asymmetrically