title: An update on levosimendan in acute cardiac care: applications and recommendations for optimal efficacy and safety
abstract: <b>Introduction</b>: In the 20 years since its introduction to the palette of intravenous hemodynamic therapies, the inodilator levosimendan has established itself as a valuable asset for the management of acute decompensated heart failure. Its pharmacology is notable for delivering inotropy via calcium sensitization without an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption.<b>Areas covered</b>: Experience with levosimendan has led to its applications expanding into perioperative hemodynamic support 
journal: Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy