title: Ice phenomena in the Black Sea and the Sea Of Azov and their forecasting under the conditions of climatic changes
abstract: Ice cover is one of the most important factors determining the state of sea surface. Study and forecasting of its parameters is not only of scientific, but also of great practical interest for maritime economy. In the northern-west part of the Black sea and in the Sea of Azov the ice situation can be quite complicated, resulting in restriction of navigation opportunities and requiring use of icebreakers. Accounting actual and forecast ice characteristics significantly affects the efficiency of h
journal: Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal