title: The power of data as an information weapon: Information warfare by Russia since 2014
abstract: Recently we see a repeating story: hacked data, leaked data, and disinformation are all powerful tools used alongside cyber sabotage and military force in different parts of the Western world. Many of these attacks are covert, raising the question of how scholars and citizens can detect these incursions in real time. In February 2014, Ukraine ousted its President Yanukovych, who was Russian President Putin's protege; Russia retaliated with physical and cyber aggression. An occupation of Crimea a