title: Maskowanie operacyjne (maskirowka) jako rosyjska zdolność zaskakiwania przeciwnika
abstract: Operational deception (Maskirovka) as a Russian capability to surprise the enemy The aim of the article was to present the characteristics of operational deception used by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and to broaden the understanding of the evolution of operations using Maskirovka. Particular attention was paid to examples of its use in contemporary wars and armed conflicts - primarily in the conflict in Ukraine and in the Five-Day War in Georgia. The analysis led to an identificat
journal: Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego