title: Relationship Between the Duration of Intravenous Ketamine Anesthesia and Postoperative Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rats
abstract: Surgical trauma triggers oxidative and inflammatory responses that contribute to postoperative complications. Although the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine have been reported, the impact of anesthesia duration on these mechanisms remains unclear. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomized into healthy control (HG), ketamine only (KET; 60 mg/kg, i.p.), or laparotomy plus ketamine with 0-4 additional ketamine doses at 20 min intervals (KET + L, KET + L1-L4). At 24 h, levels of
journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences