title: The Failure of Constructive Collective Action When We Need It Most
abstract: The war in Ukraine, after President Putin’s invasion on 24 February 2022, violated Article 2 of the UN Charter, as well as peremptory rules of public international law. It also represents a failure by the states and international organizations that opposed Mr. Putin’s illegal act to deter the invasion and to meet their “responsibility to protect” Ukrainian civilians and civilian infrastructure after the invasion. It exposed our collective inability to manage complex circumstances to avert traged
journal: Global Perspectives