title: Defining Societal Resilience as a Defensive Power
abstract: Abstract Societal resilience is a multifaceted concept that reflects a society’s ability to manage, adapt, and transform when faced with challenges. Although widely discussed in academic, expert, and policy circles, as well as in the public sphere, the components of societal resilience are often interpreted in diverse ways depending on the specific context. As a result, measuring societal resilience is not a one-size-fits-all framework. This article identifies the societal resilience elements es