title: Lighthouse Concession Problems in the Turkish Straits and the Collected Passage Fees (1860-1950)
abstract: Collecting charge through passage of Straits initially began systematically with the Ottoman State. Theinitial charge collected fort he passage through the Straits was lighthouse service fees. Additionally, health servicefees, mooring fees, rescue fees and towage fees were among the initial charges that civil ships had to pay. The numberof passages through the Straits sharply increased, especially soon after the Industrial Revolution and the widespreadeffect of Western capitalism which was bolst
journal: DergiPark (Istanbul University)