title: Nested complex crime: Assessing the convergence of wildlife trafficking, organized crime and loose criminal networks
abstract: Abstract Wildlife trafficking is considered to be an example of a transnational organized crime by policymakers and enforcement agencies. Empirically, however, there is mixed support for this. Recently, there has been increased attention on the convergence of different illegal activities in an effort to share resources, personnel and transport routes. The present study attempts to qualitatively examine the intersection of wildlife trafficking and organized crime from a crime mutualism framework 
journal: The British Journal of Criminology