title: Saryarka in the system of economic and ethnocultural relations of the early nomads of the southern Trans–Urals
abstract: In the early Saka and Sauromatian–Sarmatian times, the population of the modern Kustanai region, including Turgai, was part of the Trans–Ural horde of the ethnopothesteric association of the early nomads of the Southern Urals. The natural landscape features of the steppes of Central Eurasia determined the boundaries of the association. The Southern Trans–Urals, which include modern Kustanai and Turgai, are the eastern subre-gions of the vast Ural–Aral cultural and historical region. The nomads o
journal: Bulletin of the Karaganda university History Philosophy series