title: The Players in the Protection of the EU’s Financial Interests: European Cooperation between Authorities Conducting Administrative Investigations and those Conducting Criminal Investigations
abstract: Cooperation between authorities conducting administrative investigations and those conducting criminal investigations at both the EU and Member State levels is essential to ensure a high level of protection in view of the EU's financial interests. However, the legal framework governing the role and competences of individual authorities at the EU level seems much clearer than the corresponding national legal frameworks of the Member States. Indeed, at the Member State level, the legal frameworks 
journal: eucrim – The European Criminal Law Associations Forum