title: Horse branding tradition among the Turks
abstract: The horse branding has deep roots. Some scholars refer the origin of tamga-like signs to the period of сlan system. Some researchers associate their origin with the era of formation and development of pastoral nomadism. In the Middle Ages the Turkic and other peoples of the Eurasian steppes used the horse marking as a sign of ownership. They were applied on the neck under the mane, on the hoof, on the back slightly above the saddle, on the left or right thigh, on the cheek, in rare cases behind 
journal: Journal of history