title: The Great De-Dollarization: How Gold Is Reshaping the Global Economy
abstract: The global monetary order is shifting and the shift is not subtle. The U.S. dollar, long unchallenged at the center of international finance, now faces serious pressure from three converging forces: geopolitical fractures, financial sanctions, and deliberate moves by central banks to diversify their reserve holdings. This study examines, with empirical rigor, how de-dollarization has progressed and how gold's monetary role has evolved between 2000 and 2026. Drawing on high-frequency data from th
journal: Preprints.org