title: Caffa and Tana: confrontation and partnership of the Italian maritime republics in the Northern Black Sea region in the 13th–15th centuries
abstract: The aim of the research is to study the evolving relations between the Italian maritime republics and their trading posts in the Black Sea region against the background of their relations with the Golden Horde. To analyze the nature and causes of these transformations, new materials from the Venetian and Genoese archives are utilized, namely unpublished documents from the Venetian and Genoese archives of Italy: the decrees of the Venetian Senate related to navigation, the funds of the Judges of 
journal: Golden Horde Review