title: Geometric Models in Islamic Architecture from Early Islam to the end of the Ottoman Era: An Archaeological Study in Light of Selected Examples
abstract: ABSTRACT; this study aims to explore the history and evolution of geometric models in Islamic architecture up to the Ottoman era. It seeks to understand the emergence of these models and their uses in the Islamic era, analyzing the cultural, religious, and social factors that influenced their appearance and design. The study reveals the ingenuity of early Muslims in architectural engineering, as they not only depicted their architectural works in two-dimensional drawings but also created three-d
journal: Journal of Islamic Architecture