title: Subspecies dynamics in space and time: A study of the red deer complex using ancient and modern <scp>DNA</scp> and morphology
abstract: Abstract Aim The status of geographical units within species and species complexes is debated for many taxa, with many molecular studies failing to detect phenotypically defined subspecies. The history and longevity of geographical patterns are also generally very poorly understood. We examine Holarctic red deer ( Cervus elaphus and related forms), incorporating ancient DNA to ask whether the present phylogeography has persisted through climatic perturbations or is a relatively recent phenomenon
journal: Journal of Biogeography