title: Evacuation, Repression And The Fate Of European Migrants In Kazakhstan (First Half Of The 20th Century)
abstract: Migration to foreign countries, both voluntary, as in the case of emigrants and immigrants, became one of the most complex and controversial issues in the history of the twentieth century. The main objective of this article is to reconstruct the historical narrative of European migrants in Kazakhstan during the first half of the twentieth century. It distinguishes political émigrés and temporary labor immigrants from the broader mass of migrants, thereby addressing significant gaps in the histor
journal: International Journal of Advances in Signal and Image Sciences