title: Outward and Inward Foreign Direct Investments: History of Major Russian Losses Since the Beginning of the 20th Century
abstract: The article schematically traces the history of Russia/USSR participation in the cross-border movement of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the end of the 19th century to 2022. It is shown that FDI inflows abruptly ended during the period of nationalization after the October Revolution of 1917. Although during the NEP there was a slight revival in concessions, a real recovery in FDI inflows began in 1989. So far, Russia has attracted few FDI for its size, and the events of 2022 will set it ba
journal: Studies on Russian Economic Development