title: Tatarstani paradiplomacy: persistence through competitive identity
abstract: The desire to attract foreign investment and tourism, solve transborder issues, or increase&#13;\ncultural ties is a crucial part of diplomacy. Solving such issues gradually filtered down to&#13;\nnon-central governments. The term for the diplomacy of non-central governments is&#13;\ndeemed paradiplomacy. The most widely discussed cases in paradiplomacy are often&#13;\nlocated in Western, federal democracies. However, local governments that lie outside of&#13;\nboth categories remain active in i
journal: DSpace repository (University of Tartu)