title: The Sogdian factories on the Early Middle Ages Bosporus as a part of the Great Sogdian trade road after toponymic and written sources
abstract: The author continues to investigate Iranian and especially East-Iranian toponymy, particularly hydronymy, of the South-Eastern Europe in the early Middle Ages. He has previously revealed East-Iranian origin of the South Bug and the Kuban river-names from the VI century AD Κοῦφις (&lt; type of the Middle Persian, Parthian kōf “mount” etc.), also of the Middle Bug name by Constantine Porfyrogenitus (the X century) Κουβοῦ (= Khotan Saka kuva-, kuvo- “hill”) and of the Dnieper – Bug estuary Kočo in 