title: Exploiting cyberspace: International legal challenges and the new tropes, techniques and tactics in the Russo-Ukraine War
abstract: The Russian invasion of Ukraine, while primarily a kinetic war, saw new actors and novel activities exploiting cyberspace. Numerous non-state actors, hacker groups and commercial enterprises have entered the virtual battlespace, taking sides with one of the warring states without necessarily being belligerent entities. While states were already struggling with how to regulate activities in cyberspace, the new tropes, techniques and tactics have increased legal uncertainty. International law is b
journal: UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)