title: Propaganda in Armed Conflict: Exploring Legal Ambiguities and Civilian Engagement
abstract: This article addresses the question of whether civilians engaged in disseminating propaganda can be construed as direct participants in hostilities.It focuses on the gaps created by a lack of international law provisions governing the use of propaganda during armed conflicts.The research contends that the categorization and classification of propaganda are vital, given the increasing employment of harmful digital information.An example of Ukrainian strategic communication campaigns illustrates t
journal: Connections The Quarterly Journal