title: THE SHAHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION (SCO) AND THE IMPACT OF RUSSIA-CHINA RIVALRY IN CENTRAL ASIA
abstract: The SCO was initially organised as the Shanghai Five in 1996. Along with Uzbekistan’s membership in 2001, it was renamed the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The SCO includes members of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India, and Iran. The SCO has Belarus, Mongolia, and Afghanistan as observer states and Türkiye, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Armenia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain, Nepal, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Cambodia as dialogue part
journal: Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi