title: Plurality of international legal proceedings in an era of multiple courts and tribunals
abstract: The plurality of courts, tribunals and legal proceedings in the international order has become an intrinsic characteristic of international dispute settlement. At the end of the 1990s, the perceived risks associated with plurality started to attract more debate. The chapter aims to throw light on the whys and wherefores of plurality in the international legal order. Drawing observations from the recent practice and trends in international litigation, the chapter demonstrates that States actively