title: The Problem of the Caliphate in the Works by Musa Bigiev
abstract: Abstract. Various authors have advanced their theories regarding the development of the Is-lamic state. At the same time, the existing forms thereof (sultanate and emirate) largely represent Eastern monarchies. The criteria for describing a monarchical state, however, are inapplicable to the caliphate. In the 20th century, another form of Islamic state emerged—the Islamic republic. Its his-torical roots can be traced back to the 7th century. This type best fits the description of the caliphate. 
journal: Islamovedenie