title: Russian-Native and New Method Schools of the Russian Empire as a Response to the Crisis of Traditional Education in the Kazakh Steppe (late 19th – early 20th centuries)
abstract: The article deals with the issues related to the crisis of traditional Muslim education in the Kazakh steppe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and attempts to modernize it by the Russian authorities and Muslim intellectuals, which resulted the opening of Russian-Kazakh and new method schools.On the basis of archival documents, studies and testimonies of direct participants in the processes under study, as well as authors of later periods, the features of reforming the education system in
journal: Bylye Gody