title: Russian Hybrid Warfare Against Poland 2022-2025
abstract: This article examines the evolution of Russian hybrid warfare against Poland between 2022 and 2025, arguing that Poland has become both a frontline target and a testing ground for Moscow’s adaptive toolkit of coercion below the threshold of open war. It situates Russia’s activities in the context of Poland’s strongly pro Ukrainian posture, its role as the principal logistics hub for Western military assistance, and the expanding presence of NATO infrastructure on its territory. Conceptually, the
journal: National security and the future