title: Lending Overlap in Europe’s Financial Architecture: A Comparative Analysis
abstract: Europe´s financial architecture has long been criticized as fragmented, notably because its two main multilateral public banks, the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, have increasingly engaged in lending overlap. This overlap, it is assumed, creates inefficiencies and duplications, undermining the banks fulfilment of their missions. However, little is known about this overlap and its consequences. This article comparatively assesses the lending pol
journal: Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice