title: Germany and Four Futures
abstract: This chapter outlines and discusses four possible futures shaping and being shaped by Germany: the future of the war in Ukraine, the future of Russia as a foreign policy actor and as a challenge for the West, the future of European security, and the future of the international political system. From a policymaking perspective, gauging the effects of developments related to each future involves understanding their different but overlapping timeframes. Together, these four futures create the immed