title: The Interaction of Survey Mode and Social Desirability in Measuring Behavior during Wartime
abstract: Measuring individuals' behavior from survey data during an active war raises distinct challenges. To investigate survey mode and social desirability effects, we conduct a multi-mode study (opt-in web, RDD telephone) with two independently drawn samples of the Ukrainian population during Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in the summer of 2022. We employ identical demographic and behavioral questions in both surveys to investigate cross-mode reliability. We also embed a pre-registered primin