title: Introduction
abstract: Civility, Barbarism, and the Evolution of International Humanitarian Law For as long as wars have been fought, there have been rules that attempted to limit their occurrence and moderate their conduct.Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, these rules have since developed into an almost universal system of customary and treaty laws determining under what circumstances states can go to war (jus ad bellum) and what constitutes acceptable conduct during war (jus in bello).Modern jus in bello has 
journal: Cambridge University Press eBooks