title: The politics of sanctions in U.S.-Russia relations1
abstract: The United States has utilized a broad range of targeted economic sanctions against Russia starting with the Magnitsky Act of 2012. Following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and Russian covert support for separatists in eastern Ukraine, the U.S. and European Union imposed additional measures against Russian individuals and companies. These sanctions have impacted the Russian economy and contributed to a significant deterioration in what was already a troubled relationship between Russia and the