title: Crimean khan Mehmed Giray’s attempt to revive the Golden Horde
abstract: In the middle of the 15th century, the Golden Horde began to disintegrate, and the Tatar khanates emerged from its remnants. These khanates, which were struggling among themselves, were also in competition with the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In fact, at the end of the 15th century, there were three major power centers in Eastern Europe: the Crimean Khanate, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the Kingdom of Lithuania-Poland. In addition, after the conquest of Istanbul, the political balance north of the 
journal: Golden Horde Review