title: Extraterritorial military action
abstract: Human rights bodies have clarified that extraterritorial human rights obligations (ETOs) apply in situations of armed conflict. ETOs arise whenever a State exercises effective control over a person or territory, or has the ability to infringe upon a person's human rights. In particular, the degree of control exercised in a given context determines the extent to which the three obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights apply. Against the background of three specific scenarios (depri