title: Use of disinformation as a weapon in contemporary international relations: accountability for Russian actions against states and international organizations
abstract: We have chosen to study international responsibility for carrying out disinformation campaigns, aiming to assess the importance and progress that the use of disinformation campaigns has obtained in contemporary international society as a geopolitical weapon, much like other well-established means such as the use of force. We focus on the situation with Russia because it has become apparent not only to specialized researchers but also to all citizens through the mainstream media that Russia has u
journal: El Profesional de la Informacion