title: Historical Overview of Russia-China Energy Relations
abstract: Purpose: This article aims to provide a comprehensive historical overview of Russia-China energy relations, focusing on oil, natural gas, and electricity cooperation between the two countries. The primary goal is to examine the progression of energy diplomacy and strategic interactions, particularly the development and outcomes of significant projects such as the East Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) oil pipeline and the Eastern Gas Pipeline. Methodology: The research utilizes a combination of histo