title: Information Disorder and the Illiberal Public Sphere
abstract: Abstract This chapter is devoted to the mapping and analysis of the disinformation ecosystem across our sample, examining the ways in which different stages of the illiberal public sphere are linked with the dissemination and reception of false or manipulated information and narratives. We first explore the extent of people’s exposure to misinformation, before mapping the information ecosystems across the four countries and examining specific channels and brands which play a major role in the di