title: The Evolution of British Commercial Diplomacy in the Ottoman Empire
abstract: Commercial diplomacy, that involves the activities of diplomatic actors such as information gathering, lobbying and negotiating for the interest of their nationals in host countries, was used by the European powers to further their imperialistic goals through trade and investments. This study attempts to explain the evolution of British commercial diplomacy in the Ottoman Empire. In the earlier stage of diplomatic activities, between 1830 and 1875, British diplomacy concentrated in promoting fre
journal: DergiPark (Istanbul University)