Datasets:
Size:
10K<n<100K
Add pothole dataset card metadata and documentation
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README.md
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- geojson
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- csv
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- pothole
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- query
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- semantic-search
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- image-geolocation
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- year-2023
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- year-2024
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- year-2025
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- mapillary
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- inaturalist
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libraries:
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- datasets
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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---
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# Pothole — 2023
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##
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `id` | string | Stable identifier for the exported record. |
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| `image_id` | string | Identifier of the record included in the optional image archive; null when no image was sampled. |
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| `sample` | boolean | Whether this record was selected for the optional image archive sample. |
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| `latitude` | float64 | Latitude in decimal degrees (WGS 84) when a valid location is available. |
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| `longitude` | float64 | Longitude in decimal degrees (WGS 84) when a valid location is available. |
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| `geometry_wkb` | binary | The record geometry encoded as Well-Known Binary for spatial workflows. |
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| `media_url` | string | URL for an associated image or other visual media when available. |
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| `attribution` | string | Attribution text carried into the exported record. |
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| `source` | string | Source or provider label carried into the exported record. |
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| `properties` | string | A JSON-encoded object containing source-specific attributes; parse this field to access the original subject fields. |
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##
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- [GeoJSON](https://huggingface.co/datasets/embedearth/pothole/resolve/main/data.geojson)
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- [CSV](https://huggingface.co/datasets/embedearth/pothole/resolve/main/data.csv)
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## Data source and attribution
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- [Mapillary](https://www.mapillary.com/app/)
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- [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/)
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---
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pretty_name: "Pothole and Road Damage Observations 2023-2025"
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license: cc-by-sa-4.0
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size_categories: ["10K<n<100K"]
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tags: ["geospatial", "open-data", "tabular", "computer-vision", "pothole", "potholes", "road-damage", "road-infrastructure", "road-maintenance", "street-level-imagery", "visual-search", "semantic-search", "image-geolocation", "infrastructure", "urban", "mapping", "parquet", "geojson", "csv", "mapillary", "inaturalist", "year-2023", "year-2024", "year-2025"]
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# Pothole & Road Damage Dataset — 2023–2025
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A geospatial dataset of **10,811 pothole and road-damage observations** collected from geolocated street-level imagery and physical-world observations from 2023, 2024, and 2025.
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The dataset was created and distributed by **[EmbedEarth](https://embed.earth)**, programmable geographic infrastructure for searching, retrieving, and computing across the physical world.
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Observations were discovered using the semantic query **“Pothole”** and selected using available visual context, source text, metadata, temporal information, and geographic context.
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This dataset can be used for **pothole detection, road damage analysis, computer vision, infrastructure monitoring, road maintenance research, geospatial AI, urban planning, and visual search**.
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## Search millions more geographic features with EmbedEarth
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This Hugging Face dataset represents one downloadable query from the broader **[EmbedEarth](https://embed.earth)** geographic index.
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EmbedEarth gives developers and AI systems access to **millions of geographic features and large collections of geolocated images and videos** covering roads, infrastructure, buildings, places, community issues, nature, and other features of the physical world.
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Instead of relying only on static downloadable datasets, you can search and work with geographic data programmatically.
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### Build with EmbedEarth
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* **[Geographic Feature List](https://www.embed.earth/catalog/features)** — browse geographic features available through EmbedEarth
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* **[EmbedEarth](https://embed.earth)** — programmable infrastructure for Earth
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* **[Developer Documentation](https://www.embed.earth/docs)** — Search, Compute, Routing, Geocoding, Maps, Data, SDK, CLI, and MCP
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* **[Geographic Search SDK](https://www.embed.earth/docs/sdk/search)** — query geographic features and regions programmatically
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* **API** — add geographic search and spatial data to applications and data pipelines
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* **SDK** — build geographic capabilities directly into JavaScript and TypeScript applications
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* **CLI** — search and work with physical-world data from the terminal
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* **MCP** — give AI agents access to geographic search and spatial tools
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## Search the physical world
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The same geographic infrastructure used to build this pothole dataset can be used to find many other physical-world conditions and features.
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Example searches include:
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```text
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potholes in New York
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potholes in Los Angeles
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road damage in California
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damaged pavement in Toronto
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cracked roads in Chicago
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road construction in Manhattan
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damaged sidewalks in Brooklyn
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traffic accidents in Texas
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construction permits in Miami
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fallen trees in Florida
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crosswalks in San Francisco
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utility poles in Houston
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```
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See the **[EmbedEarth Search SDK documentation](https://www.embed.earth/docs/sdk/search)** to query published geographic features by area, coordinates, bounding box, attributes, and other spatial constraints.
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## Dataset overview
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This release contains **10,811 geolocated pothole-related observations** covering:
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* 2023
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* 2024
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* 2025
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Each record was selected because available imagery, metadata, text, or geographic context matched the pothole query.
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Where available, observations include:
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* latitude and longitude
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* spatial geometry
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* observation timestamps
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* street-level imagery or media URLs
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* source attribution
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* source URLs
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* source-specific metadata
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* temporal context
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The dataset is designed for **geographic discovery and analysis** rather than as a complete government or municipal inventory of every pothole.
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## What can this pothole dataset be used for?
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### Pothole detection
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Use the observations as part of research or evaluation workflows for identifying potholes and damaged pavement from street-level imagery.
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### Road damage detection
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Explore visual and geographic indicators of road deterioration, pavement defects, surface damage, and transportation infrastructure conditions.
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### Computer vision
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Use pothole observations in computer vision and multimodal research involving street imagery, physical-world understanding, visual retrieval, or image geolocation.
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### Road maintenance research
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Analyze where potholes and visible road defects occur to support road maintenance research, infrastructure prioritization, or exploratory transportation analysis.
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### Geospatial machine learning
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Combine pothole observations with roads, weather, traffic, land use, neighborhoods, census information, road classifications, or other spatial datasets.
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### Urban infrastructure monitoring
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Build systems that retrieve or monitor visible changes to roads and other public infrastructure over time.
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### Geographic AI
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Use physical-world observations as geographic context for AI agents, multimodal systems, spatial reasoning models, and mapping applications.
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## Dataset schema
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The downloadable Parquet and CSV files use a normalized schema.
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Source-specific attributes are preserved inside the JSON-encoded `properties` field rather than being expanded into many source-dependent top-level columns.
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The GeoJSON release exposes the same attributes alongside geographic geometry.
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| Column | Type | Description |
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| -------------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `id` | string | Stable identifier for the exported observation. |
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| `image_id` | string | Identifier associated with the optional image archive; null when no image was sampled. |
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| `sample` | boolean | Whether the observation was selected for the optional image archive sample. |
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| `latitude` | float64 | Latitude in decimal degrees using WGS 84 when available. |
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| `longitude` | float64 | Longitude in decimal degrees using WGS 84 when available. |
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| `geometry_wkb` | binary | Geographic geometry encoded as Well-Known Binary for spatial workflows. |
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| `media_url` | string | URL for associated street-level imagery or other visual media when available. |
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| `attribution` | string | Attribution information preserved from the contributing source. |
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| `source` | string | Source or provider associated with the observation. |
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| `properties` | string | JSON-encoded object containing source-specific attributes and retrieval metadata. |
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## Source-specific properties
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The `properties` field preserves additional metadata associated with each pothole observation.
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The exact fields vary by source and record.
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| Property | Description |
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| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `address` | Address or geographic location text associated with the observation when available. |
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| `captured_at` | Timestamp of the imagery or geographic observation. |
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| `source_url` | URL associated with the original source observation when supplied. |
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| `owner / publisher` | Original owner, contributor, or publisher when supplied. |
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| `year` | Year associated with the observation. |
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| `month` | Month associated with the observation when available. |
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| `season` | Seasonal context associated with or derived from the observation. |
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| `time_of_day` | Time-of-day context when available. |
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Not every property is populated for every observation.
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## Download the pothole dataset
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The dataset is available in multiple formats for geospatial, machine-learning, and data-analysis workflows.
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* [Parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/embedearth/pothole/resolve/main/data.parquet)
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* [GeoJSON](https://huggingface.co/datasets/embedearth/pothole/resolve/main/data.geojson)
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* [CSV](https://huggingface.co/datasets/embedearth/pothole/resolve/main/data.csv)
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### Parquet
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Recommended for analytics, Python workflows, DuckDB, data science, and large-scale processing.
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### GeoJSON
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Recommended for GIS software, spatial databases, MapLibre, Leaflet, deck.gl, web maps, and other geographic applications.
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### CSV
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Recommended for simple tabular analysis, spreadsheets, and general-purpose data workflows.
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## Build applications with EmbedEarth
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### Geographic Search
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**[EmbedEarth Search](https://www.embed.earth/docs/sdk/search)** lets developers query published geographic features across areas and receive the results as geographic data.
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Search can be constrained using geographic areas, coordinates, bounding boxes, properties, columns, and result limits.
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Use it to power:
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|
| 183 |
|
| 184 |
+
* geographic search engines
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| 185 |
+
* mapping applications
|
| 186 |
+
* infrastructure analysis
|
| 187 |
+
* AI agents
|
| 188 |
+
* location intelligence
|
| 189 |
+
* spatial research
|
| 190 |
+
* monitoring systems
|
| 191 |
+
* geospatial data pipelines
|
| 192 |
|
| 193 |
+
### JavaScript and TypeScript SDK
|
| 194 |
|
| 195 |
+
EmbedEarth provides an SDK for building spatial search, routing, compute, mapping, and data workflows directly into applications.
|
| 196 |
+
|
| 197 |
+
**[View the EmbedEarth documentation](https://www.embed.earth/docs)**
|
| 198 |
+
|
| 199 |
+
### API
|
| 200 |
+
|
| 201 |
+
Use EmbedEarth programmatically from applications, backend services, AI systems, and data pipelines.
|
| 202 |
+
|
| 203 |
+
The platform includes geographic capabilities for Search, Compute, Routing, Geocoding, Maps, and Data.
|
| 204 |
+
|
| 205 |
+
### CLI
|
| 206 |
+
|
| 207 |
+
Use EmbedEarth directly from the terminal for geographic search, local data workflows, routing, compute, and spatial development.
|
| 208 |
+
|
| 209 |
+
### MCP for AI agents
|
| 210 |
+
|
| 211 |
+
EmbedEarth can expose geographic capabilities to MCP-compatible AI agents.
|
| 212 |
+
|
| 213 |
+
This allows agents to work with dedicated geographic infrastructure instead of relying exclusively on general model knowledge when answering questions about places and the physical world.
|
| 214 |
+
|
| 215 |
+
## Example applications
|
| 216 |
+
|
| 217 |
+
### Road condition mapping
|
| 218 |
+
|
| 219 |
+
Map pothole observations and visible pavement damage across cities, neighborhoods, transportation corridors, or other geographic regions.
|
| 220 |
+
|
| 221 |
+
### Pothole detection models
|
| 222 |
+
|
| 223 |
+
Use the dataset as part of experimentation or evaluation for visual systems designed to recognize potholes and other road-surface defects.
|
| 224 |
+
|
| 225 |
+
### Infrastructure inspection
|
| 226 |
+
|
| 227 |
+
Combine street-level observations with roads and other infrastructure data to identify areas that may warrant closer inspection.
|
| 228 |
+
|
| 229 |
+
### Road maintenance prioritization
|
| 230 |
+
|
| 231 |
+
Analyze the geographic distribution of pothole observations alongside traffic, road class, population, weather, or municipal data.
|
| 232 |
+
|
| 233 |
+
### Smart city applications
|
| 234 |
+
|
| 235 |
+
Build applications that combine road conditions with service requests, traffic accidents, permits, construction activity, and other urban data.
|
| 236 |
+
|
| 237 |
+
### Physical-world search
|
| 238 |
+
|
| 239 |
+
Use natural-language or feature-based retrieval to discover conditions and objects that exist at physical locations.
|
| 240 |
+
|
| 241 |
+
## Methodology
|
| 242 |
+
|
| 243 |
+
Observations were retrieved through semantic geographic search around the query:
|
| 244 |
+
|
| 245 |
+
**“Pothole”**
|
| 246 |
+
|
| 247 |
+
Matching may incorporate available:
|
| 248 |
+
|
| 249 |
+
* street-level visual context
|
| 250 |
+
* textual descriptions
|
| 251 |
+
* source metadata
|
| 252 |
+
* temporal metadata
|
| 253 |
+
* geographic context
|
| 254 |
+
|
| 255 |
+
The dataset prioritizes relevant, discoverable pothole observations rather than exhaustive geographic coverage.
|
| 256 |
+
|
| 257 |
+
Inclusion in the dataset indicates semantic relevance to the pothole query. It does not necessarily mean the observation has been independently inspected or formally classified as a pothole by a transportation authority or civil engineer.
|
| 258 |
+
|
| 259 |
+
## Data sources and attribution
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
This dataset was prepared and distributed by **[EmbedEarth](https://embed.earth)**.
|
| 262 |
+
|
| 263 |
+
Original or contributing sources include:
|
| 264 |
+
|
| 265 |
+
* [Mapillary](https://www.mapillary.com/app/)
|
| 266 |
+
* [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/)
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
Where available, record-level source information, attribution, and source URLs are preserved in the exported dataset.
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
Users accessing or using individual media assets should retain applicable attribution and comply with source-specific terms.
|
| 271 |
+
|
| 272 |
+
## License
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
### Dataset compilation
|
| 275 |
+
|
| 276 |
+
The **EmbedEarth dataset compilation, organization, selection, and EmbedEarth-created metadata** in this repository are licensed under the **Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)**.
|
| 277 |
+
|
| 278 |
+
You may:
|
| 279 |
+
|
| 280 |
+
* share and redistribute the licensed dataset material
|
| 281 |
+
* remix, transform, and build upon it
|
| 282 |
+
* use the licensed material for commercial or non-commercial purposes
|
| 283 |
+
|
| 284 |
+
Subject to the following conditions:
|
| 285 |
+
|
| 286 |
+
* **Attribution** — provide appropriate credit to EmbedEarth and, where applicable, the original source or contributor.
|
| 287 |
+
* **ShareAlike** — adaptations of material covered by this license must be distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 or a compatible license.
|
| 288 |
+
|
| 289 |
+
Suggested attribution:
|
| 290 |
+
|
| 291 |
+
> EmbedEarth, “Pothole & Road Damage Dataset — 2023–2025,” https://embed.earth, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
|
| 292 |
+
|
| 293 |
+
### Third-party content
|
| 294 |
+
|
| 295 |
+
The CC BY-SA 4.0 license applied to the EmbedEarth dataset compilation **does not replace, expand, or override licenses attached to third-party content**.
|
| 296 |
+
|
| 297 |
+
Images, videos, observations, source metadata, links, and other third-party materials referenced by this dataset may remain subject to separate licenses, attribution requirements, or usage restrictions established by their original creators or source platforms.
|
| 298 |
+
|
| 299 |
+
Users are responsible for complying with the applicable terms of any underlying third-party content they access or use.
|
| 300 |
+
|
| 301 |
+
Where available, attribution and source information are preserved in the exported records.
|
| 302 |
+
|
| 303 |
+
## Limitations
|
| 304 |
+
|
| 305 |
+
This is a **discovery-oriented pothole dataset**, not an authoritative or comprehensive road-condition inventory.
|
| 306 |
+
|
| 307 |
+
Geographic coverage depends on the availability of source observations and imagery. Coverage may vary significantly between cities, regions, and countries.
|
| 308 |
+
|
| 309 |
+
The dataset can contain:
|
| 310 |
+
|
| 311 |
+
* incomplete metadata
|
| 312 |
+
* uneven geographic coverage
|
| 313 |
+
* duplicate or nearby observations
|
| 314 |
+
* ambiguous road defects
|
| 315 |
+
* false-positive semantic matches
|
| 316 |
+
* observations whose road condition has since changed
|
| 317 |
+
|
| 318 |
+
Applications requiring authoritative road-condition assessments should independently validate relevant observations.
|
| 319 |
+
|
| 320 |
+
---
|
| 321 |
|
| 322 |
+
## Need more than a static pothole dataset?
|
| 323 |
|
| 324 |
+
This Hugging Face release contains **10,811 pothole observations**, but potholes are only one physical-world feature available through EmbedEarth.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 325 |
|
| 326 |
+
**[EmbedEarth](https://embed.earth)** provides access to **millions more geographic features and large collections of geolocated images and videos**.
|
| 327 |
|
| 328 |
+
Search roads, infrastructure, places, buildings, community issues, natural features, physical conditions, and other real-world observations programmatically using the EmbedEarth API, SDK, CLI, and MCP.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 329 |
|
| 330 |
+
**[Explore EmbedEarth →](https://embed.earth)**
|
| 331 |
|
| 332 |
+
**[Read the developer documentation →](https://www.embed.earth/docs)**
|
| 333 |
|
| 334 |
+
**[Search geographic features with the SDK →](https://www.embed.earth/docs/sdk/search)**
|