O.P.P. (song)
"O.P.P." is a song by American hip hop group Naughty by Nature, released in August 1991 by Tommy Boy as the lead single from the group's self-titled second album (1991). It was one of the first rap songs to become a pop hit when it reached No. 6 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and No. 35 on the UK Singles Chart. Rodd Houston and Marcus Raboy directed the music video for the song. Its declaration, "Down wit' O.P.P." was a popular catchphrase in the US in the early 1990s.
The song was a hugely successful single; "Spin" magazine named it one of the greatest singles of the 1990s, offering a brief verdict with the rhetorical question, "Ever wonder where Puffy came from?" It also made some media outlets' lists of one of the best rap songs of all time: including "The Source", VH1 (No. 22), and "Rolling Stone" (No. 80). The song was also ranked No. 20 in VH1's "40 Greatest Hip Hop Songs of the '90s" in 2012 and No. 96 in "Billboard" magazine's "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time" in 2023.
Content.
The song samples Melvin Bliss' "Synthetic Substitution" and The Jackson 5's "ABC". Its lyrics concern sexual infidelity, with "O.P.P." standing for "other people's pussy" and "other people's penis". Treach told in an interview with "New York Times", "'O.P.P.' is about crazy messing with other people's girls. Everybody knows about that, girls messing, guys messing, you know the bit. It goes on, so everybody could relate, the fellas and the girls, and it's got a hook for the party and everybody can crazy groove to it."
Critical reception.
Upon the single release, Larry Flick from "Billboard" remarked that here, the act drops samples of the Jackson Five's "ABC" onto "a rousing hip-hop beat-base. Anthemic rhymes are icing on the cake. Have a taste." James Bernard from "Entertainment Weekly" described it as "a sly, body-rocking tune with a melodic pop hook and plenty of cute double entendres". Dennis Hunt from "Los Angeles Times" viewed it as a "lively, lewd hit single", "which is cleverly constructed on the framework of the Jackson 5’s bubble-gum soul classic". David Bennun from "Melody Maker" called it "a genitally-fixated rap on the joys of infidelity". A reviewer from "Music & Media" felt "It's further proof of the new direction in rap heading more towards a normal pop song. The combination of the piano hook and the female backup makes this funky rhyme memorable."
Peter Watrous from "New York Times" wrote, "There are a couple of signs that "O.P.P.", an old-fashioned cheating song by Naughty by Nature [...] is shaping up as one of the summer's hits on local streets. The first indication is the sound of "O.P.P" coming from the back of Jeeps; the second is that bootleg T-shirts advertising the band—Trech (Trech Criss), Vin Rock (Vinnie Brown) and Kay Gee (Keir Gist) -- are being sold all over lower Manhattan." Johnny Lee from "Smash Hits" declared the song as "everso jumpy". Scott Poulson-Bryant from "Spin" said, "I'm definitely down with "O.P.P."—you will be too."
Retrospective response.
German rock and pop culture magazine "Spex" included "O.P.P." in their "The Best Singles of the Century" list in 1999. In a 2021 retrospective review, Jesse Ducker from Albumism said about the song, "It's one of the most light-hearted songs about infidelity this side of Clarence Carter's "Back Door Santa", as Treach gleefully lists the virtues of engaging in sexual congress with someone else's girl." Stanton Swihart of AllMusic felt it's "a song that somehow managed the trick of being both audaciously catchy and subversively coy at the same time." He added, "Its irrepressible appeal was so widespread, in fact, that it played just as well to the hardcore heads in the hood as it did to the hip-hop dabblers in the suburbs." Jean Rosenbluth from Los Angeles Times stated, "The fabulously wicked chant "O.P.P." masterfully captured hip-hop's silly side even better than that genre's prime exponent, Digital Underground." In October 2023, "Billboard" magazine ranked it number 96 in their "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time", saying, "Three decades later, all it takes is the opening piano plinks to remind even the most conservative ‘90s kid that deep down, damn skippy, they’re still a card-carrying member." Same year, "Time Out" ranked "O.P.P." number 60 in their "The 100 Best Party Songs Ever Made".
Music video.
A music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Rodd Houston and Marcus Raboy. It begins with a man removing his wedding ring and dropping it. The group raps at a club behind a fence and people dance behind them. The video was later made available on Naughty by Nature's official YouTube channel in 2010, and had generated more than 19 million views as of January 2023.
Charts.
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In popular culture.
The song has been used as a soundtrack to various films as well as television series, including the TV sitcoms "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" and "The Office", and the films "La Haine", "Jarhead", and "Up in the Air". In the film "", the song was parodied as 'Down With G.O.D'. In the video game "Minecraft", the phrase "Down with O.P.P.!" was used as a splash text which appeared on the game's menu screen. The splash was added on February 7, 2010 in Java Edition version Indev 20100207-1 but was later removed in version 1.16 Release Candidate 1 on June 18, 2020. The song was also featured in .
References.
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It's On
"It's On" is a song by American hip hop trio Naughty by Nature, released on June 8, 1993 by Tommy Boy as the second single from the trio's third album, "19 Naughty III" (1993). The song was produced and written by the three members of the group, and found decent success on the US "Billboard" charts, making it to number 74 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 48 on the "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It samples jazz artist Donald Byrd's "French Spice", for which he received writing credits. The official remix was produced by the production duo The Beatnuts and featured on the B-side of the single.
Critical reception.
In a retrospective review, Jesse Ducker from Albumism stated that the song "is a musical change of pace, as Treach and Vinnie rhyme over a horn-heavy loop from Donald Byrd's 'French Spice'." Upon the single release, Larry Flick from "Billboard" described it as "another wildly infectious, fist-waving anthem that combines rapid-fire rhymes and live, butt-shaking beats." He added, "Chanted chorus could open deserved doors at top 40 formats, though track is hard enough to keep that all-important street cred in check." Andrew Smith from "Melody Maker" wrote, "Naughty by Nature specialize in cultivating a groove, and there are a few funky ones on show here, though I could do without the gun on the cover." Andy Beevers from "Music Week" felt that "this hard-hitting rap track will appeal to established fans but appears to lack the crossover appeal of 'OPP' or 'Hip Hip Hooray'." Dele Fadele from "NME" opined that it "lacks bite, seeming inconsequential in the face of the floor-filling, arms-waving 'Hip Hop Hooray'." Touré from "Rolling Stone" named it a "strong" single.
References.
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Disappearance of Christina Calayca
Disappeared woman from Ontario, Canada
Christina Calayca (born 19 December 1986) was a young Filipino-Canadian woman who disappeared from Rainbow Falls Provincial Park, Ontario in 2007. Her whereabouts and the circumstances surrounding her disappearance remain unknown.
Background.
Christina Calayca was born on 19 December 1986 to parents Elizabeth Rutledge and Mario Calayca, who divorced when she was 1 year old. A Filipino Canadian, Calayca's mother had immigrated to Canada in 1980 from Mindanao in the Philippines. Calayca had never been to the Philippines, though her mother planned to someday travel there with her. She had one sibling: a younger brother, Michael Rutledge, who was 15 years old at the time of her disappearance. Calayca was raised as a devout Catholic, and according to her mother had begun praying at the age of one. In the summer of 2007, Calayca was living in the Cabbagetown neighbourhood of Toronto and working nine-hour days at a summer camp hosted by St. Bernadette’s Day Care, adjacent to D’Arcy McGee Catholic School. Prior to her disappearance, Calayca attended George Brown College and graduated with a certificate in Early Childhood Education in 2006. Calayca was passing along half her salary to her mother, allowing Rutledge to drop several side jobs to focus on her career as a self-employed financial advisor. Investigators believe Calayca was not in a romantic relationship in August 2007.
Statements from her family have described Calayca as hard-working and a natural leader, with ambitions of performing missionary work in the Philippines and going on a family vacation to Panama before attending teachers' college at York University. Calayca held a leadership position in a church-affiliated youth group, Youth for Christ, and was responsible for organizing one of its largest conferences. She had also contributed a significant number of volunteer hours to an affiliated youth ministry. Calayca has also been noted as having very poor spatial awareness, sense of direction, and sense of balance. Prior to her disappearance, she had been part of a hiking group which became lost on the Seaton Hiking Trail near Oshawa and only emerged from the bush after wandering aimlessly for some time. Family members have noted that Calayca also had a number of phobias, including a fear of spiders and rodents, but had experience fasting and was not a picky eater, traits that her mother believed would allow her to survive in the wilderness. She had also suffered an inflamed callus years prior when she stepped on a needle by accident and did not have it removed immediately, allowing it to become embedded in her foot and leave a lasting injury which made running or standing for long periods of time painful. As a result of her injury, Calayca generally kept in shape by playing volleyball and would only occasionally try jogging.
At the time of her disappearance, Calayca weighed 125-130 lbs, and stood 5'2" (157 cm) tall. She had brown eyes and wavy, shoulder-length black hair with orange streaks in her bangs. Her skin tone has been described as having a dark East Asian complexion, and investigators noted that she was in good health but poor physical condition at the time she went missing.
Disappearance.
Preparations.
Prior to the 2007 Civic Holiday, Christina Calayca had intended to participate in a youth conference taking place in Montreal, but found the cost of the trip would be too expensive. Rather than attend the conference, Calayca and three friends ― her cousin, Faith Castulo (age 20); and two friends from Youth for Christ, Edward "Eddy" Migue (age 20) and Joe "J.B." Benedict (age 19) ― made plans to camp at Rainbow Falls Provincial Park in Northwestern Ontario over the long weekend.
The provincial park covers an area of about 575 hectares and is located on Highway 17 between the towns of Schreiber and Rossport. Two camping areas exist within the park: the main Whitesand Lake campground, located less than a kilometre from the park gates; and the Rossport campground, located three kilometres to the west along the Trans-Canada Highway. Every campsite comes equipped with a metal-grilled fire pit but all other amenities, including showers, are provided at a central comfort station. Most of the hiking trails in the area are short, generally measuring around 3 km, with the exception of the 53-kilometre Casque Isles Trail which passes through the park and stretches from Rossport to Terrace Bay. The park has been described by investigators as "one of the most rugged" areas in the province, as outside of its established hiking trails the area is covered in thick bush and cliffs up to 240 metres high.
None of the four participants in the trip were experienced campers and none had ever been as far north as Thunder Bay. While they had put enough planning into the trip for Calayca to let work colleagues know where she was going, she did not tell her mother their exact destination. The decision on where to spend their long weekend was made by typing the keyword 'falls' into an online search engine and selecting the third result.
Sunday, 5 August.
At around noon on Sunday, 5 August 2007, Calayca and the rest of her group arrived at Rainbow Falls Provincial Park after driving about 14 to 15 hours from Toronto in a green Honda CR-V which belonged to Calayca's mother. The group had left Toronto the day before at around 10:00 in the morning, stopping in Sault Ste. Marie, Neys Provincial Park, and Schreiber along the way. They had also been delayed by running out of fuel outside Wawa. Although they had reserved campsite lot 72 in the Whitesand Lake campground, the group relocated to lot 88 as it was positioned in a more private area along the lake than lot 72, which was on the main road running through the campground. The park was busy, with about three-quarters of its 97 campsites occupied by visitors, most of whom were locals from nearby communities.
Calayca and her friends spent the rest of the afternoon setting up and relaxing at the campsite before laying down to nap for half an hour around 18:30. The alarm which was supposed to wake the group failed to do so, and they remained sleeping until about 22:30. After waking they lit a campfire and spent the next several hours crowded around and grilling over it. The group finished almost all of their food and consumed several alcoholic beverages, though according to Migue none of them drank enough to become intoxicated. The last known photograph of Calayca was taken just after midnight, at 00:08 on Monday, 6 August; the photo features her, Migue, and Benedict tending to a frying pan over the fire, and was taken by Castulo. The group finally doused the flame at around 03:30 and went to bed around 04:00, at which time Calayca joked that the group should go swimming before noting that it was too dark to do so.
Monday, 6 August.
At around 06:30, eight minutes before dawn, Calayca asked Migue to accompany her to the comfort station, and according to Migue he and Calayca decided to go jogging on their return trip. Accounts differ as to whether or not the pair decided to take different paths immediately or if they had tried to run together until Calayca, unable to keep up with Migue, instead decided to take an alternative route. The two split up at an intersection near the park entrance and just south of the comfort station, with Migue following the road towards Highway 17 and Calayca opting for a different road which led to the Rainbow Falls, the cascading waterfalls which lend their name to the provincial park. This is the last confirmed sighting of Calayca.
When last seen by Migue, Calayca was wearing a striped maroon and purple shirt (alternatively described as long-sleeved or a t-shirt), a blue hoodie, size-36 black pants, and white running shoes. Earlier photos of Calayca indicate she had also brought a yellow 'Lucky in Love' t-shirt, grey hoodie, and large sunglasses on the trip. Migue later recounted that Calayca's mood at the time appeared upbeat, which was considered normal for her.
Schreiber resident Paul Gauthier later told police that he may have seen Calayca the morning she disappeared. According to Gauthier, he had been camping at the Rossport section of the campgrounds roughly 3 km from the lot where she and her friends had stayed the night. Gauthier was drinking coffee outside his RV at around 09:00 when he spotted an unidentified Asian woman run off the highway and through the campground. Police questioned Gauthier multiple times about the sighting, but to date have not confirmed if the person he saw was Calayca.
Investigation.
Initial search, 6–10 August.
After splitting up with Christina Calayca, Edward Migue followed the road toward Highway 17 with the intention of reaching the Rossport campground. He only got as far as a roadside picnic area where he carved "FCJE", the first initials of all four members of their group, into a rock before turning back. About an hour after he and Calayca set out jogging, Migue returned to the campsite and began searching for an axe to whittle down some oversized logs, but was unable to find one. Joe Benedict and Faith Castulo woke around 09:30. At first the group was not concerned that Calayca had yet to rejoin them, and Castulo suggested her cousin was likely taking a walk through the forest to clear her mind. As they waited for her to return, Benedict showered at the comfort station and stopped by one of the park beaches to check for Calayca, while Castulo and Migue prepared breakfast.
When Calayca had still not returned by 11:00, her friends began looking for her. Benedict and Migue drove along the road to the falls and then searched the Lake Superior Trail and Rainbow Falls Trail, two divergent forest trails she may have jogged down. Although a number of other people were present on the trails, the two men did not ask them for help. Around 13:45 the group left a note for Calayca at the campground in case she returned while they were out searching, and intended to drive to Rossport where one of the hiking trails ends. While inquiring about trail maps at the park gatehouse, they informed park staff that Calayca was missing. After advising the group to report the situation to the Ontario Provincial Police, park personnel began making phone calls as well as searching local trails and beaches for Calayca. Her friends officially reported her missing around 14:00, seven and a half hours after she was last sighted, and her mother, Elizabeth Rutledge, was informed of the situation around 16:00.
Under the command of OPP Sgt. Eric Luoto, the OPP Northwest Region Emergency Response Team took responsibility for the first search for Calayca, establishing a command post in the park near Whitesand Lake. The search would last a total of 17 days, one of the longest in the region's history; and see the deployment of about 100 police officers, fire fighters, divers, and specialists unaffiliated with the police, though for the first four days only about 30 of these personnel were involved. Searchers used GPS, underwater side-scanning radar, infrared cameras, and four canine units in the search, as well as two fixed-wing airplanes, a floatplane, three helicopters, and marine vehicles. Pilots from the Civil Air Search and Rescue Association (CASARA) also participated in the first two weeks of the search, sending at least one aircraft each day to help look for signs of Calayca. For the duration of this search, most statements to the media were delivered by OPP regional spokesperson Sgt. Deb Tully.
The weather at Rainbow Falls on 6 August was favourable, ranging between a low of 15 °C and high of 23°, and the fog which usually covers Lake Superior had cleared. Conditions briefly worsened on Tuesday, 7 August, when a hard rainstorm hit the area, but temperatures rose again and the area experienced an unseasonably warm few weeks while the search was ongoing. The rain did have a lasting side effect on the search, causing a significant amount of leaves to fall from the canopy and cover the ground. The difficult terrain was a serious challenge for searchers, resulting in three injuries: a dog handler who experienced a sprained ankle, another handler with a twisted knee, and a rescue worker who suffered facial lacerations while attempting to rappel down a cliff. A search dog was also lost in the forest during the search. For safety reasons, no searches were performed at night.
Canine units were deployed early on in the search, but by the time they arrived on the scene nearly a full day had passed since Calayca had last been spotted and they were unable to pick up her scent. The OPP sent investigators to survey the Rainbow Falls Trail and Casque Isles Trail, splitting officers into teams of three to search the main path of each trail as well as the area just off the path on either side. Acting on the assumption that Calayca was alive but lost, they covered the entirety of the 53-kilometre Casque Isles Trail over the course of several days, frequently calling out her name.
The OPP also deployed "hasty teams" to search the area around where Calayca was last spotted, concentrating their efforts along natural and anthropogenic corridors off the trail, such as rivers or electrical lines, which a person may follow when lost. Investigators determined their search area based on a standard lost hiker behavioural profile, using a statistical method to determine that she would likely be found inside an 8-kilometre radius from the place where she was last seen, as is the case in about 90% of situations where people go missing in woodlands. This tactic was undermined by the difficult terrain in the area, the possible sighting in Rossport, and a flawed understanding of Calayca's behavioural profile.
While some items of interest were recovered during these searches, none have been officially linked to Calayca. One team which searched around the Rainbow Falls recovered a pair of socks from a deep pool of water in the Hewitson River (sometimes called "Whitesand River") at the base of the falls, as well as a footprint in a mossy area nearby. According to investigators, the socks were likely too large to fit Calayca and attempts to test them for DNA have been inconclusive. While the footprint matched Calayca's shoe size, without a preserved tread pattern it was impossible to determine if it was created by one of her running shoes. Nonetheless, a Thunder Bay identification officer was brought in on the investigation to create a plaster cast of the print for further forensic study. Another unit located a site where a broken branch and candy wrapper suggested a person had rested, but DNA recovered from the wrapper was tested at the Molecular World laboratory in Thunder Bay and was found to not match Calayca's genetic profile.
Air units began using thermal imagery to look for Calayca on the fourth day of the search, while aircraft without infrared equipment engaged in hour-long flights outside the area being searched by the hasty teams on the ground. From the air, searchers noted some areas with heightened activity in scavenging birds, including turkey vultures and crows, as well as one site with a lean-to. Ground searches of these locations turned up no signs of Calayca.
Some police resources involved in the search were diverted after the body of a Sault Ste. Marie man was found in a tent south of Wawa on Friday, 10 August but by Monday, 12 August the number of officers involved in the search had increased to about 70. Officers were again diverted to another missing person investigation near Nipigon on Wednesday, 15 August, but this was soon determined to be a false alarm.
Missing person posters were distributed in nearby communities, including Schreiber, in the first few days of the search.
Volunteer and marine search, 11–23 August.
Although asked not to participate in the search themselves, Calayca's family camped out around nearby Thunder Bay for the duration of the search effort, with Elizabeth Rutledge arriving the day after her daughter was reported missing. OPP Constable Keith Jones met the family when they arrived in the area and put them in touch with Raul Escarpe, a Catholic priest and fellow Filipino Canadian who performed special masses for the family several times during the search. As media interest in the situation grew, OPP spokespeople denied that public scrutiny played any role in keeping the search active.
Mike King, the Mayor of Terrace Bay; and Pat Halonen, a town councillor in Schreiber, organized a volunteer search team which scoured the area the weekend after Calayca went missing. About 100 to 200 residents from local communities, including Schreiber's former mayor Don McArthur, participated in a grid search organized by Tracy Anderson, the fire chief in Terrace Bay. According to Halonen, the volunteer force also included a "good mixture" of experienced searchers. The first search on Saturday, 11 August lasted for eight hours and covered the area between the provincial park's East Beach and Highway 17, starting at the Hewitson River and heading east towards Schreiber. Another day of searching followed on Sunday, 12 August, this time involving 50 to 80 volunteers; members of Calayca's family, who had been previously barred from participating in the investigation; and Calayca's friends, Joe Benedict and Edward Migue. Volunteers returned to the park again on Monday, 13 August to continue looking for Calayca, though in reduced numbers as many had to return to work.
The OPP's underwater search unit used sonar to investigate local bodies of water, including a deep pool of water at the base of the Rainbow Falls where evidence was recovered which has never been conclusively linked to Calayca. As part of their search, marine searchers engaged in the process of sledding, whereby two divers in a sled-like watercraft were pulled across the water by an OPP boat, allowing them to look directly down into clear sections of Whitesand Lake.
Amid frustration with the lack of results, Calayca's father, Mario Calayca, first addressed the media on 13 August and announced he would bring seven other relatives to the search area to support the investigation, though he and four relatives left the area to return to Toronto after surveilling the area from a police helicopter on 16 August. Calayca's family gradually became less confident that she would be found, though even on 17 August, eleven days into the search, OPP Regional Commander Mike Armstrong continued to reassure them and the media that her chances of survival were high as favourable conditions in the park made dehydration and hypothermia unlikely. On Wednesday, 22 August, Calayca's uncle Ken West told journalists:
They’ve used K-9 units. They’ve used planes. They’ve used submarines. They’ve used all sorts of different ways in order to find Christina. And nothing, absolutely nothing works. There’s no clue at all.
Police initiated a final concentrated grid search to find Calayca on Tuesday, 21 August, now telling media they believed Calayca was a "non-responsive person" and would not be able to reply if she heard searchers calling her name. By this point most other police resources, including aircraft and canine units, had been called off the search, leaving only 20 to 25 officers to perform the grid search and divers to continue investigating nearby bodies of water. On the advice of OPP Sgt. Don Webster, the Provincial Search & Rescue Coordinator, the search for Calayca was called off on Thursday, 23 August. The day after the search for Calayca was called off, Rutledge told journalists that she would continue to search for her daughter herself. At the time, the family believed Calayca had been abducted and was no longer in Rainbow Falls Provincial Park.
After the initial police search was called off, the investigation into Christina Calayca's disappearance stalled. Later attempts by investigators to canvass the area failed to turn up any evidence which could explain her disappearance. Investigators questioned Joe Benedict, Faith Castulo, and Edward Migue three times after the initial search, but these interrogations did not produce any new information. None of Calayca's friends who accompanied her to Rainbow Falls Provincial Park have ever been considered suspects in her disappearance. In the months after she went missing, police told Calayca's family that they were following up on 60 leads related to her case, including interviews with other campers who left the park the weekend of the disappearance.
Public response.
Calayca's family held a vigil which was attended by over 600 people at the Prince of Peace Catholic Church in Scarborough on 15 August, and another at the Rainbow Falls on 8 September. Her employer, St. Bernadette’s Day Care, also hosted a vigil for her on 15 August. A mass in her honour was held at Darcy McGee Catholic School to commemorate the one-year anniversary of her disappearance on 6 August 2008.
Calayca's mother set up a website and Facebook group led by her aunt, Karen Caguicla, to raise awareness about the case in January 2008. The family also participated in a number of unofficial searches, the first of which occurred on 7 September 2007.
In March 2009, "A Day Goes By: A Tribute to Christina" was released as a collaboration between musical artists in Toronto's Filipino community, with proceeds of the 12-track album going towards funding another search of Rainbow Falls.
Private searches.
Calayca's mother, Elizabeth Rutledge, financed multiple private searches of the area around Rainbow Falls Provincial Park by fundraising through the Find Christina Calayca Group and withdrawing money from her daughter's trust fund. The first fundraiser organized by the family occurred on 10 December 2007 and solicited donations through the sale of a CD entitled "Missing You". On 28 May 2008, with a new search planned for the next month, the family organized a silent auction to raise additional funds. Another fundraiser occurred on 10 August 2008.
The first privately-funded search, a collaborative effort with the OPP, cost Rutledge $44,000 of the $48,000 the family had fundraised to that point and involved 22 volunteer searchers working over five days. OPP Sgt. Eric Luoto again led the police search effort, hoping to take advantage of areas which were too thick with vegetation to properly search in summer 2007 but had been thinned out over the winter. A team of five rescue workers trained in rappelling was also deployed to look for evidence around the area's cliffs; they had originally been scheduled to search the area on 19 November 2007 but were unable to work in poor weather conditions. After police concluded their search, the family and volunteer force were allowed to conduct their own search led by Halifax-based canine handler Doug Teeft, who provided his team of cadaver dogs for the expedition. The Ottawa-based canine group the Ottawa Valley Search and Rescue Dog Association (OVSARDA) and eight US-based search dog teams also participated in the search. This phase of the search was organized with help from the Minnesota-based John Francis Foundation and began on 13 June 2008. The volunteer force called police to report strange behaviour from the search dogs in a particular area, and while this behaviour did not suggest human remains had been found it was only observed in the vicinity of a large hole. Forensic technicians with the OPP investigated the hole and the area around in on Wednesday, 18 June but found no evidence to explain the dogs' behaviour or to link the site to Calayca's disappearance.
On 30 October 2008, the Bring Christina Home Fundraising Gala was put on in Richmond Hill to raise awareness for Calayca's case. The event was hosted by news anchor Francis D'Souza and featured professional boxer George Chuvalo and missing person advocate David Francis as speakers. The event also featured singer Stephanie Martin and "Canadian Idol" contestant Andrew Austin as its musical acts. To promote the event, the Find Christina Calayca Group was interviewed by journalist Charles "Spider" Jones for his CFRB 1010 radio show on 5 October.
A second privately-funded search took place in November 2008 and involved a team of six cadaver dogs which were brought to investigate the area where Calayca was last spotted. According to search manager Jeff Hasse, all six dogs detected the scent of human remains at the bottom of the Hewitson River, but the flow and depth of the river made any further investigation into this lead difficult.
By March 2009, much of the family and community support for Rutledge's search efforts had faded. Sales of the "A Day Goes By: A Tribute to Christina" CD only generated $610 of the $20,000 figure that a third expedition was estimated to cost. In a March 2009 interview with reporters from the "Toronto Star", Rutledge admitted that she was prepared to give up the search after twenty months without results, partly owing to an incident in November 2008 where she and several family members nearly collided with a moose on Highway 17 while searching for her daughter.
A third and final search funded by the family began on 19 September 2009 in what searchers called "perfect conditions". The search was again led by Jeff Hasse and intended to focus on the area along the Hewitson River where search dogs had detected the possible presence of remains in November 2008. In addition to family members, 21 volunteers with the Search, Rescue, and Recovery Resources of Minnesota (SRRRMN) participated in the search. Searchers were split into eight units and sent to investigate places of interest, including some areas surveyed the day before the main search began. Although searchers claimed to have found more possible evidence, an OPP search on 14 October 2009 was unable to find any new leads. By this time Rutledge sold her house and moved into a two-bedroom apartment with her son to finance the investigation, but when her third privately-funded search failed to turn up any new evidence she told journalists she was faced with the choice of using what money she had to left to either continue funding the investigation or pay for her son's university education. No privately-funded searches have taken place since 2009.
Later years.
Human remains discovered in the Thunder Bay area in October 2010 were investigated as possibly belonging to Calayca, but were later determined to be unrelated.
In a 2021 interview, retired OPP officer Sgt. Don Webster told the "Elliot Lake Today" online publication that over the course of the investigation he had assembled a large binder detailing all the available information about Calayca's case, and had met with the family to discuss the investigation. Webster revealed that some information about the case has not been made public as it is part of an active investigation.
Current status.
Christina Calayca's disappearance is still under investigation by the Nipigon division of the Ontario Provincial Police, and as of 2022 is still being treated as a missing person case. The government of Ontario has issued a $50,000 reward for information leading to her whereabouts.
Theories.
Christina Calayca's current whereabouts remains unknown, as do the circumstances surrounding her disappearance on 6 August 2007.
At the time Calayca was reported missing the official stance of the Ontario Provincial Police was that they suspected she had been attacked by a bear. A consultant from the Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry was brought in to help investigate this theory, but Stephen Herrero of the University of Calgary later cast doubt on this theory. Herrero, who authored an authoritative book on bear attacks, suggested that it was "not impossible, but highly unlikely" that a bear had attacked Calayca as no ripped clothing, blood, or drag marks were found during the initial search, and a bear would not have travelled any further than 600 ft with a kill. It is not believed that the area's wild wolves would have attacked Calayca as wolf attacks are extremely rare.
One explanation suggests that Calayca was the victim of misadventure. OPP investigators have alleged that Calayca's lack of experience hiking in the wilderness likely led to her becoming


Don't Smile at Me
2017 EP by Billie Eilish
Don't Smile at Me (stylized as dont smile at me) is the debut extended play by American singer Billie Eilish, released on August 11, 2017, via Darkroom and Interscope Records. Eilish and her brother Finneas O'Connell wrote all the material on the EP's original release and were solely responsible for its production. It is an electropop and bedroom pop record with elements of R&B and jazz.
Seven singles were released to support "Don't Smile at Me". "Ocean Eyes" and "Idontwannabeyouanymore" were both sleeper hits, charting on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart. "Bellyache" reached the top five on the "Billboard" Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart for a milestone of 32 weeks, while "Copycat" peaked at number 12 on the chart. Eilish embarked on the Don't Smile at Me Tour and Where's My Mind Tour in 2017 and 2018, respectively, to further promote the EP.
The EP received generally favorable reviews from music critics, with many praising the music and Eilish's vocals. "Hostage" received a nomination for Best Cinematography at the 2019 MTV Video Music Awards. "Don't Smile at Me" was commercially successful, reaching number 14 on the US "Billboard" 200 and number 12 on the UK Albums Chart. It entered the top 10 in many other countries, including Lithuania, where it reached number one.
The EP was later reissued on December 22, 2017, to include the single, "&Burn" with Vince Staples. The song was certified gold in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). An expanded edition of the EP was released on digital platforms and features two more previously released singles, "Lovely" with Khalid and "Bitches Broken Hearts". "Lovely" was commercially successful, peaking at number 64 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 47 on the UK Singles Chart. "Bitches Broken Hearts" was certified platinum in the US and Canada by the RIAA and Music Canada (MC), respectively.
Background.
In July 2017, Eilish told "Billboard" that "each track off "Don't Smile at Me" will follow a distinct plot". She explained, "The only tie-together? I'm pretty sure I don't have any songs that are about how much I love someone. They're all either about like, 'I hate you,' or 'you make me hate me'."'
Eilish spoke about the EP's title: "My EP is called "Don't Smile at Me" for a lot of reasons, but one of them would be when [someone tells you], 'Smile. Why aren't you smiling? It's so much more beautiful when you smile.' Everyone's taught to smile. Girls are like, 'Look happy, look like you're having fun!' I'm not gonna look like anybody except what I am. I want to impress myself." Eilish and her brother Finneas O'Connell wrote most of the material for "Don't Smile at Me". Finneas produced the EP in its entirety. Studio personnel John Greenham and Rob Kinelski handled the mastering and mixing, respectively.
Music and lyrics.
"Don't Smile at Me" is primarily an electropop and bedroom pop record, with R&B and jazz influences. The EP opens with "Copycat", a hip hop-influenced electronica and pop track. It features minimalist production consisting of a bass guitar and piano. The song is Eilish's response to people she felt kept copying everything she was doing. The following track, "Idontwannabeyouanymore", is a pop and R&B song, with a jazz and neo soul-influenced melody. The track features Eilish singing about self-doubt and low self-esteem. According to Baeble Music's Olivia Lewis, "My Boy" begins with a "chiller, jazz-like vibe, and a layer of darkness and mystery". It features hip hop-influenced production, using a hi-hat and keyboard. Musically, the track is a pop song.
With "Watch", described as a pop ballad, Eilish sends a message to her former lover, saying she is leaving their toxic relationship. The track begins with the sound of a match strike that continues throughout the song as its main beat. "Party Favor" is a folk track with Eilish playing the ukulele. The song addresses Eilish's break up with her boyfriend on his birthday with a phone call. "Bellyache" is a mid-tempo electropop and R&B song with influences of hip hop, deep house and Latin macabre in its instrumentation. The song's lyrics were written from the perspective of a psychopath who kills those close to her, including her friends and lover.
"Ocean Eyes" is a dream pop, pop, synth-pop, indie pop and R&B ballad. The song features percussion, bass guitar and a synthesizer. "Ocean Eyes" is a love letter to Eilish's crush with her lover's "ocean" eyes. "Don't Smile at Me" closes with "Hostage", a stripped-down pop track. Lyrically, the track is about an intense love that Eilish feels for someone and an overwhelming desire she has for them. The reissue of the EP contains one additional track; "&Burn" with Vince Staples——a hip hop-influenced pop track. "[B]ooming kick drums" and "velvety keys" support the track. Like "Watch", the song starts with the sound of a match striking and uses it for the main beat. When Eilish and Finneas were recording the song, it was titled "Watch & Burn". The track later became two separate songs—"Watch" and "&Burn".
The expanded edition of "Don't Smile at Me" contains two extra tracks. "Lovely", featuring Khalid, is a chamber pop-based stripped back ballad. The track features minimalist production consisting of a piano, violin strings provided by Madison Leinster, and percussion, as Eilish and Khalid sing about the feeling of being trapped inside of one's own mind. "Bitches Broken Hearts" is an R&B track. Emmit Fenn handled additional production of the track, the first song by Eilish to feature production by someone other than her brother. Lyrically, the song delves into the aftermath of a breakup, with Eilish pretending she no longer needs or cares about her former lover.
Promotion.
Singles and other songs.
"Ocean Eyes" was originally released on November 18, 2015, via SoundCloud and YouTube. On November 18, 2016, it was re-released as the lead single from "Don't Smile at Me". Although the song did not chart initially, it became a sleeper hit in 2019 after Eilish released her debut studio album "When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?", reaching number 72 on the UK Singles Chart and number 84 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) certified the song quadruple platinum in Australia. It received triple platinum certifications in the United States, Canada and Denmark from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), Music Canada (MC) and IFPI Denmark, respectively. The song spawned two music videos; Megan Thompson directed the first released on March 24, 2016. The second is a dance performance video released on November 22, 2016. A remix EP for the track was released on January 14, 2017. It includes remixes by Astronomyy, Blackbear, Goldhouse, and Cautious Clay.
"Bellyache" was released on February 24, 2017, as the second single from "Don't Smile at Me". The song was also a sleeper hit, reaching number three on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart for a milestone of 32 weeks, and number 79 on the UK Singles Chart. It was certified double platinum in the US, Australia, and in Mexico by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON). Miles and AJ directed an accompanying music video released on March 22, 2017. Marian Hill remixed "Bellyache" and released it on May  5, 2017. "Watch" was released as the third single from "Don't Smile at Me" on June 30, 2017. Megan Park directed the song's music video which was released on September 18, 2017. The track was certified platinum in the US, Canada, and Australia. "Copycat" was released as the EP's fourth single on July 14, 2017. Sofi Tukker remixed it and released it on January 12, 2018. The song peaked at number 12 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart; it ultimately was certified in the US.
"Idontwannabeyouanymore" was released as the fifth single from "Don't Smile at Me" on July 21, 2017. It charted at number 96 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 78 on the UK Singles Chart. The track was certified double platinum in the US. A vertical video for the track was released to Spotify in December 2017. The EP's sixth single, "My Boy", was released on July 28, 2017. The song received a remix by TroyBoi entitled "MyBoi", released on March 9, 2018. "My Boy" was certified platinum in the US. "&Burn", featuring American rapper Vince Staples, was released as a single on December 15, 2017 and later included on the EP's reissue. The song was certified gold in the US. "Party Favor" was released on an exclusive pink 7-inch vinyl as the seventh and final single from "Don't Smile at Me" on April 21, 2018, coinciding with that year's Record Store Day. A cover of "Hotline Bling", originally performed and written by Canadian rapper Drake, was released as the B-side. "Party Favor" was certified gold in the US.
"Lovely", featuring Khalid, was released as the lead single for "13 Reasons Why: Season 2 (Music from the Original TV Series)" on April 19, 2018, and later included on the expanded edition of the EP. Taylor Cohen and Matty Peacock directed its music video. The song reached number 64 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 47 on the UK Singles Chart. It was certified octuple platinum in Australia and Canada, triple platinum in Mexico and in Poland (certified by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (PSPI)), and double platinum in the US and New Zealand—certified by Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ). "Bitches Broken Hearts" was originally released as a standalone single on March 30, 2018. It was later included on the expanded edition of "Don't Smile at Me" and the physical deluxe edition of Eilish's debut studio album "When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?". The song was certified platinum in the US and Canada. Despite not being released as a single, Henry Scholfield produced a music video for "Hostage". It was initially released exclusively via Apple Music on July 11, 2018. The video was later uploaded to Eilish's YouTube channel on October 8, 2018. "Hostage" was ultimately certified platinum in the US and Canada.
Tours.
To promote the EP, Eilish embarked on the Don't Smile at Me Tour and Where's My Mind Tour during 2017 and 2018. In Europe, Eilish would open with "Bellyache". Eilish would then sing "&Burn" without Staples. It would begin with the original arrangement before the beat drops and Eilish would break into dance. Eilish would finish with "Copycat", red lights would flash as she sang it. The staff of "Billboard" magazine praised Eilish's performance at The Bowery Ballroom. Lyndsay Havens described the performance as "explosive" but "at times tender, and entirely exciting". She added the performance was "the type of show where you are acutely aware that the artist you are currently watching will outgrow the venue they are playing almost immediately". The staff of "The Gazette" felt Eilish "wants to bring the audience into her world, creating an experience for them".
Reception.
Critical reception.
"Don't Smile at Me" was met with generally favorable reviews by music critics. Kristin Smith of Plugged In said of the EP, "A fusion of multiple genres, sounds and styles, these nine tracks capture the young singer's undeniably engaging perspective and personality. We hear the honest confessions of a teenager who has known heartbreak, self-loathing and love. "Don't Smile at Me" is dreamy and depressing, enchanting and haunting. And it warrants both praise and caution." Nicole Almeida of "Atwood Magazine" wrote "Don't Smile at Me" was a "powerful declaration", and a "statement coming from the mouth of someone who knows who she is. The title perfectly embodies the strength and ambition of Eilish's debut EP and of Eilish herself as an artist." Robert Christgau, writing for "Vice", commended Eilish's "still-fragile melodies and still-pure voice" on the EP, but considered the songwriting and production to be less accomplished than that of her debut single "When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?". Tom Hull mentioned that "Don't Smile at Me"'s singles are "more pop", and more "easily distinguished from the filler". Brenton Blanchet of "Spin" magazine lauded the EP, saying it was the "first sample of what Eilish could create in her bedroom", saying the "airy and atmospheric project showcased pop craft beyond her age".
Commercial performance.
"Don't Smile at Me" became a sleeper hit in the US, debuting at number 185 on the US "Billboard" 200 a month and a half after its release. The EP later broke into the top 100 in the week ending May 31, 2018, its 21st week on the chart, at number 97 with 7,000 album-equivalent units. "Don't Smile at Me" reached the top 40 of the "Billboard" 200 in the week ending July 28 at number 38 with 12,000 units, including 10,000 streaming equivalent album units, before peaking at number 14 in its 56th charting week for the issue dated January 26, 2019. As of April 2019, the EP has sold 947,000 album-equivalent units in the US and has also generated more than 1.2 billion on-demand audio streams for its tracks. "Don't Smile at Me" was more successful outside the United States. The EP peaked at number 12 on the UK Albums Chart. In Australia, it peaked at number six on the ARIA Charts. It was most successful in Lithuania, peaking at number one on the chart. In early 2019, Eilish became the youngest artist to hit one billion streams on Spotify with "Don't Smile at Me".
Track listing.
Notes
Personnel.
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.
Charts.
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References.
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List of songs recorded by Memphis Minnie
This is the complete list of songs recorded by Memphis Minnie, in alphabetical order.
A–C.
"A Little Too Late"
"After While Blues"
"Ain't No Use Tryin' to Tell On Me (I Know Something on You)"
"Ain't Nobody Home but Me"
"Bad Outside Friends"
"Ball and Chain Blues"
"Banana Man Blues"
"Beat It Right"
"Black Cat Blues"
"Black Rat Swing"
"Black Widow Stinger"
"Blue Monday Blues"
"Blues Everywhere"
"Botherin' That Thing"
"Boy Friend Blues"
"Broken Heart"
"Bumble Bee"
"Call the Fire Wagon"
"Can I Do It for You"
"Can't Afford to Lose My Man"
"Caught Me Wrong Again"
"Cherry Ball Blues"
"Chickasaw Train Blues (Low Down Dirty Thing)"
"Conjur Man"
"Crazy Cryin' Blues"
D–F.
"Daybreak Blues"
"Dirty Dauber Blues"
"Dirty Mother for You"
"Doctor, Doctor Blues"
"Don't Lead My Baby Wrong"
"Don't Turn the Card"
"Don't Want No Woman"
"Down by the Riverside"
"Down Home Girl"
"Down in New Orleans"
"Down in the Alley"
"Dragging My Heart Around"
"Drunken Barrel House Blues"
"Ethel Bea"
"Fashion Plate Daddy"
"Fingerprint Blues"
"Fish Man Blues"
"Fishin' Blues"
"Frankie Jean (That Trottin' Fool)"
"'Frisco Town"
G–I.
"Garage Fire Blues"
"Georgia Skin"
"Give It to Me in My Hand (Can I Go Home with You)"
"Goin' Back to Texas"
"Good Biscuits"
"Good Morning"
"Good Soppin'"
"Got to Leave You No. 1"
"Got to Leave You No. 2"
"Grandpa and Grandma Blues"
"Has Anyone Seen My Man?"
"He's in the Ring (Doing That Same Old Thing)"
"Hold Me Blues"
"Hole in the Wall"
"Hoodoo Lady"
"Hot Stuff"
"Hustlin' Woman Blues"
"I Am Sailin'"
"I Called You This Morning"
"I Don't Want No Woman I Have to Give My Money To"
"I Don't Want That Junk Outa You"
"I Don't Want You No More"
"I Got To Make a Change Blues"
"I Hate to See the Sun Go Down"
"I Hope Love Will Change Some Day"
"I Never Told a Lie"
"Ice Man Blues"
"Ice Man (Come On Up)"
"I'd Rather See Him Dead"
"If You See My Rooster (Please Run Him Home)"
"I'm a Bad Luck Woman"
"I'm a Gambling Woman"
"I'm Going Back Home"
"I'm Going Don't You Know"
"I'm Gonna Bake My Biscuits"
"I'm Not a Bad Gal"
"I'm So Glad"
"I'm Talking About You"
"I'm Waiting On You"
"I'm Wild About My Stuff"
"In Love Again"
"In My Girlish Days"
"It Was You, Baby"
"It's Hard to Be Mistreated"
"It's Hard to Please My Man"
"I've Been Treated Wrong"
J–L.
"Jailhouse Trouble Blues"
"Jockey Man Blues"
"Joe Louis Strut"
"Joliet Bound"
"Jump Little Rabbit"
"Keep It to Yourself"
"Keep On Eatin'"
"Keep On Goin'"
"Keep On Sailin'"
"Keep Your Big Mouth Shut"
"Kid Man Blues"
"Kind Treatment Blues"
"Killer Diller Blues"
"Killer Diller from the South"
"Kissing in the Dark"
"Lake Michigan"
"Lean Meat Won't Fry"
"Let Me Ride"
"Let's Go to Town"
"Living the Best I Can"
"Long As I Can See You Smile"
"Look What You Got"
"Looking the World Over"
"Lonesome Shack Blues"
"Love Come and Go"
"Low Down Man Blues"
M–O.
"Ma Rainey"
"Man, You Won't Give Me No Money"
"Me and My Chauffeur Blues"
"Mean Mistreater Blues"
"Memphis Minnie-Jitis Blues"
"Meningitis Blues"
"Million Dollar Blues"
"Moaning the Blues"
"Moonshine"
"Mr. Tango Blues"
"My Baby Don't Want Me No More"
"My Black Buffalo"
"My Butcher Man"
"My Gage Is Going Up"
"My Man Is Gone Again"
"My Mary Blues"
"My Strange Man"
"My Wash Woman's Gone"
"New Bumble Bee Blues"
"New Caught Me Wrong Again"
"New Dirty Dozen"
"New Orleans Stop Time"
"Night Watchmen Blues"
"North Memphis Blues"
"Nothing in Rambling"
"Oh, Believe Me"
"Out in the Cold"
P–R.
"Pickin' the Blues"
"Pig Meat on the Line"
"Pile Driving Blues"
"Please Don't Stop Him"
"Please Set a Date"
"Plymouth Rock Blues"
"Poor and Wandering Woman Blues"
"Preacher's Blues"
"Reachin' Pete"
"Remember Me Blues"
"Running and Dodging Blues"
S–T.
"Selling My Pork Chops"
"She Put Me Outdoors"
"She Wouldn't Give Me None"
"Shout the Boogie"
"Soo Cow Soo"
"Squat It"
"Stinging Snake Blues"
"Stop Lying to Me"
"Sweet Man"
"Sylvester and His Mule Blues"
"That Will Be Allright"
"The Man I Love"
"The Saint"
"This Is Your Last Chance Baby"
"Three Times Seven Blues"
"Today Today Blues"
"Tonight I Smile with You"
"Too Late"
"True Love"
W–Y.
"Walking and Crying Blues"
"Wants Cake When I'm Hungry"
"Weary Woman's Blues"
"Western Union"
"What a Night"
"What Fault You Find of Me? Part 1"
"What Fault You Find of Me? Part 2"
"What's the Matter with the Mill?"
"When My Man Comes Home"
"When the Levee Breaks"
"When the Saints Go Marching Home"
"When the Sun Goes Down"
"When You Love Me"
"When You're Asleep"
"Where Is My Good Man"
"Why Did I Make You Cry"
"World of Trouble"
"Worried Baby Blues"
"You Can't Give It Away"
"You Got to Get Out of Here"
"You Got to Move"
"You Need a Friend"
"You Wrecked My Happy Home"

&Burn
2017 single by Billie Eilish
"&Burn" is a song by American singer Billie Eilish and American rapper Vince Staples. It was released for digital download and streaming as a single on December 15, 2017, through Darkroom and Interscope Records. It was later included as the seventh single on a reissue of Eilish's debut EP, "Don't Smile at Me", in December of that year. Staples and Finneas O'Connell co-wrote the song, with the latter solely handling production. A hip hop-influenced track, the song is an alternate version of Eilish's single "Watch".
The lyrics of the song address Eilish leaving a toxic relationship. "&Burn" received positive reviews from music critics, with many liking the lyrical content and production. The song has been certified gold in both the United States and Australia by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), respectively. It was performed live by Eilish and Staples at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in 2019.
Background and release.
In a statement made by Eilish to "The Fader" through email, she wrote, "Vince Staples was my number 1 choice, so when we got him to hear it and he agreed to do it, it was incredible and the verse he did is so good. He is a god and I'm excited for it to finally come out!" When Eilish and her brother Finneas O'Connell were recording the song, it was under the title of "Watch & Burn". The track later became two separate songs, with one being "Watch" (2017), and the other being "&Burn".
The track was written by Staples and O'Connell, the latter of which solely produced it. Mastering and mixing was handled by the studio personnel John Greenham and Rob Kinelski, respectively. "&Burn" was released as a single on December 15, 2017, for digital download and streaming in various countries, through Darkroom and Interscope Records. The song was later included on a reissue of Eilish's debut EP "Don't Smile at Me".
Composition and lyrical interpretation.
Critical commentary described "&Burn" as a "hip hop-influenced pop track". David Renshaw from "The Fader" described "&Burn" as a "moody slow-burner packed with booming drums and hushed verses". Wandera Hussein of "Billboard" stated the track is supported by "booming kick drums" and "velvety keys". She further mentioned that Eilish's vocals are "poignant, baby-soft, [and] express a fiery revenge". Staples provides background vocals on the song and his appearance has been described as a "deep and gloomy verse". The song starts with the strike of a match, which continues throughout as the main beat.
Reception and promotion.
"&Burn" was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. "Insider"'s Callie Ahlgrim commented that "Watch" feels more "vulnerable" and "nostalgic", while "&Burn" sounds "powerful" and "resolute". Lindsay Howard of "Variance" labeled the former as "simmering". Robin Murray of "Clash" described "&Burn" as a "remarkable fusion that brings out the best in [Eilish] and [Staples]. Matthew Kent, writing for "The Line of Best Fit", depicted the song as one of "Eilish's best tracks to date" and saw it as "a darker duet more akin to the track's lyrics about literally setting an ex's car on fire". The staff of "NME" explained that "the end product sees the pair feed off of each other's bolshy attitude as they trade verses in this hard-hitting reimagining of 'Watch', a restrained moment from '"Don't Smile at Me"'". Nicole Almeida of "Atwood Magazine" dubbed the song as "stronger" and "bolder" than "Watch", but still "retain[s] the same vulnerability the original lyrics offer". Commercially, "&Burn" has been certified gold in the United States and platinum in Australia by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), respectively. To promote "&Burn", Eilish performed it live at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival with Staples in April 2019.
Credits and personnel.
Credits adapted from the liner notes of the "Don't Smile at Me" reissue.
References.
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Cutouts
Cutouts is the third studio album by the English rock band the Smile, released on 4 October 2024 through XL Recordings. It was produced by Sam Petts-Davies and recorded in Oxfordshire and Abbey Road Studios, London, in the same sessions as the previous Smile album, "Wall of Eyes" (2024).
The Smile promoted "Cutouts" with the singles "Don't Get Me Started", "The Slip", "Foreign Spies", "Zero Sum" and "Bodies Laughing", music videos by the digital artist Weirdcore, and a series of cryptic messages on social media. It received acclaim and reached number 7 on the UK Albums Chart.
Recording.
The Smile comprise the Radiohead members Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood with the drummer Tom Skinner. They performed several future "Cutouts" songs in early live performances in 2021 and 2022.
"Cutouts" was produced by Sam Petts-Davies and recorded in Greenwood's home studio in Oxfordshire and in Abbey Road Studios, London, in the same sessions as the previous Smile album, "Wall of Eyes" (2024). Yorke said the Smile split the songs into two groups to do them justice and avoid burnout. According to Greenwood, "Cutouts" was half-finished when "Wall of Eyes" was released, with additional parts recorded while the Smile were on tour. He stressed that "Cutouts" did not comprise "leftovers" and was instead "its own record".
Greenwood used a delay pedal extensively for his guitar parts. "Zero Sum" was inspired by footage of Microsoft executives dancing at the Windows 95 launch event. Yorke wrote "Bodies Laughing" more than 20 years previously, but was unable to finish it. After performing it live, the Smile turned it into a "paranoid easy-listening tune". "Tiptoe" was played at global promotional listening parties for "Wall of Eyes." Greenwood first performed the riff from "Eyes & Mouth" on Radiohead's 2016 tour during performances of their song "Talk Show Host".
The album title refers to cutouts, an espionage term that Yorke discovered while reading about Russian interference in western politics: "Cutouts are like two-dimensional characters placed to facilitate backdoor connections with an asset ... I think it was the two-dimensional nature of the description I got stuck on. A new Cold War world of two-dimensional proxy characters." He connected this to the "atomisation and isolation from world events" caused by social media, and asked: "Why the fuck would we be online with two-dimensional avatars of each other as if they are really us, and try to engage with complex issues using two or three sentences?"
Music.
"Cutouts" has been described as experimental rock, art rock and math rock. "Slant" called it "more challenging" than "Wall of Eyes", prioritising atmosphere over conventional songwriting. "Pitchfork" said was "looser" and "funkier". The lyrics address capitalism, climate change denial and sociopolitical dread.
"Uproxx" described "Don't Get Me Started" as "synth-heavy" and "propulsive". "Zero Sum" is high-tempo and rhythmically busy, with "hyperactive" lead guitar. "Eyes & Mouth combines "spiralling" riffs with a "rolling" drumbeat and jazzy piano chords. "Stereogum" described "Colours Fly" as a combination of the Radiohead songs "Pyramid Song" and "The National Anthem", with an Egyptian scale and "clouds of noise". "Instant Psalm" features strings, an "earthy" melody and an acoustic guitar playing a pedal note, which "Loud and Quiet" likened to Radiohead's 1995 album "The Bends". "Tiptoe" is a piano ballad with orchestral strings.
Release.
In March 2024, the Smile began a European tour, including a performance at 6 Music Festival in Manchester with the London Contemporary Orchestra. The shows included performances of some "Cutouts" songs. The August tour was canceled after Greenwood was temporarily hospitalised with a serious infection.
On 2 August 2024, the Smile released "Don't Get Me Started" and "The Slip" as a double single on vinyl. It was released without promotion and only in stores. "Don't Get Me Started" was added to digital services on 8 August, accompanied by a video directed by the audiovisual artist Weirdcore, with "glitchy" computer graphics reminiscent of generative artificial intelligence.
Later in August, the Smile released the album track list in a series of ciphered messages on social media. They announced "Cutouts" on 28 August, alongside the release of "Foreign Spies" and "Zero Sum" on streaming services, accompanied by more videos by Weirdcore. On October 1, the Smile announced a pair of art installations, Through the Glass, in London and New York City, with new songs and Weirdcore visuals. "Bodies Laughing" was released on 2 October. "Cutouts" was released on 4 October, in digital, CD, cassette and vinyl formats.
On 19 February 2025, the Smile released a single comprising remixes of "Don't Get Me Started" and "Instant Psalm" on digital services and on 12" vinyl. The remixes were by James Holden, who supported the Smile on their 2024 tour, and Robert Stillman, who accompanied them during live performances. Weirdcore created new videos for the single.
Reception.
On Metacritic, "Cutouts" has a score of 82 out of 100 based on 14 reviews from critics, indicating "universal acclaim". In "Stereogum", Chris DeVille praised the "incendiary" uptempo tracks and Greenwood's guitar work, but felt the slower tracks were less effective. He suggested that the longtime Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich, who produced the first Smile album, was a better match for slower tracks than Petts-Davies' "rawer and drier" production style. He concluded: "It's possible that the Smile could have built one masterpiece out of their pair of 2024 albums, but the two they've given are fascinating and rewarding enough to justify existing as distinct releases." The "Clash" critic Andy Hill praised the "ecstatic" atmosphere and Petts-Davies' "gleaming" production. In "The Guardian", Phil Mongredien wrote that the songs were not immediate but that "repeated listening allows each to reveal its charms".
The "Slant" critic Lewie Parkinson-Jones said "Cutouts" struck a good balance of styles and better resembled "the work of a proper band" than Yorke's previous side project, Atoms for Peace. He praised "Bodies Laughing" as "strikingly beautiful", with "well-placed key changes and the subtle introductions of new instrumentation". In "The Arts Desk", Graham Fuller wrote that "Cutouts" was "not without beauty and technical brilliance", praising Yorke's "intimate" singing and Greenwood's "dextrous" guitar work. However, he felt it lacked melody and atmosphere, with a "random" track sequencing and abstruse lyrics, and found it less consequential than "Wall of Eyes". The "Loud and Quiet" critic Sam Walton said that while "Cutouts" was less cohesive, its songs were "uniformly enthralling, captivating, thrilling and memorable", and suggested it was Yorke and Greenwood's best work since the 2007 Radiohead album "In Rainbows". In "NME", Jordan Bassett said the Smile "seem to be having more fun than ever" and sounded comfortable with their style. In "The AV Club", Ryan Reed described "Cutouts" as "chaos over continuity ... "a lot of fucking fun", an adjective few would use to describe the also-brilliant "Wall Of Eyes"". "Pitchfork" described it as a "a thrilling testament to the near-telepathic chemistry these three musicians have honed across two years of touring", and felt the tracks where Skinner is least present, "Foreign Spies" and "Don't Get Me Started", were the only weak points.
Personnel.
The Smile
Additional contributors
References.
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Two Seconds
1932 film
Two Seconds is a 1932 American pre-Code crime drama film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Edward G. Robinson, Vivienne Osborne and Preston Foster. It was based on a successful Broadway play of the same name by Elliott Lester. The title refers to the two seconds it takes the condemned person to die in the electric chair after the executioner throws the switch. Preston Foster reprises the role he played on the Broadway stage.
Plot.
As John Allen, a condemned murderer, is led to the electric chair, a witness asks the prison warden how long it takes for the condemned person to die. "A strongly built man like John Allen? It'll take two seconds". The witness remarks, "That'll be the longest two seconds of his life". As the executioner throws the switch, the events that led up to the execution appear in flashback.
John works with his friend and flatmate Bud Clark, as riveters, on the girders of a skyscraper under construction, getting paid $62.50 a week, "more than a college professor". Bud is engaged to be married, and tries to set up a date for Allen that night, but Allen expresses disinterest because Bud keeps setting John up with "firewagons", his term for fat girls. Bud and John go out on the town after Bud wins $38 on the horses. John sees that the girl that Bud's girl has brought along for him to double date is a "firewagon", so he splits off on his own, going to a Taxi dance hall nearby, where he meets dancer Shirley Day. After dancing and talking to Shirley for some time, he indicates