---
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
task_categories:
  - text-classification
language:
  - en
tags:
  - finance
  - sentiment-analysis
  - risk-assessment
  - llm-scoring
  - multi-model
  - nasdaq
  - stock-market
  - news
  - reinforcement-learning
size_categories:
  - 100K<n<1M
---

# NASDAQ News Multi-LLM Scores

**127,176 financial news articles scored by 11 state-of-the-art LLMs for sentiment and risk assessment.**

This dataset takes the same articles from [FNSPID](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Zihan1004/FNSPID) / [FinRL_DeepSeek](https://github.com/benstaf/FinRL_DeepSeek) and re-scores them using multiple LLMs with varying reasoning effort levels and summary inputs. It enables direct cross-model comparison of financial sentiment analysis on identical articles.

## Key Features

- **11 scoring models**: Claude Opus 4.5, Claude Sonnet 4.5, Claude Haiku 4.5, GPT-5, o3, o4-mini, GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1-mini, GPT-4.1-nano, GPT-5-mini, GPT-5.4-nano
- **60 score columns** (30 sentiment + 30 risk) across different model/effort/input combinations
- **26 summary variants**: GPT-5 and GPT-5-mini summaries at 4 reasoning × 3 verbosity levels, plus o3 summaries
- **Same articles, different models** — enables apples-to-apples comparison
- **Effort level comparison** — how does reasoning effort (high/medium/low/minimal) affect scoring?
- **Summary input comparison** — how does the quality of input summary affect downstream scores?

## Dataset Structure

| File | Size | Description |
|------|------|-------------|
| `scores.parquet` | 12 MB | All 60 score columns + article metadata |
| `summaries.parquet` | 329 MB | Article text + core summaries used for scoring |
| `summaries_gpt5_grid.parquet` | 323 MB | GPT-5 summary variants (4 reasoning × 3 verbosity) |
| `summaries_gpt5mini_grid.parquet` | 320 MB | GPT-5-mini summary variants (4 reasoning × 3 verbosity) |

## Quick Start

```python
import pandas as pd

# Load scores only (12 MB)
scores = pd.read_parquet("hf://datasets/HYL/NASDAQ-News-Multi-LLM-Scores/scores.parquet")

# Compare Claude Opus vs GPT-5 sentiment
print(scores[['sentiment_opus_gpt5sum', 'sentiment_gpt5_high_gpt5sum']].describe())

# Check cross-model agreement
cols = [c for c in scores.columns if c.startswith('sentiment_') and 'gpt5sum' in c]
print(scores[cols].corr())
```

```python
# Load with summaries for full context
summaries = pd.read_parquet("hf://datasets/HYL/NASDAQ-News-Multi-LLM-Scores/summaries.parquet")
merged = scores.merge(summaries, on=['Date', 'Article_title', 'Stock_symbol'])
```

## Scoring Pipeline

```
Article (full text) ─────────────────→ o3-high, o4-mini-high (fulltext)
    │
    ├─→ 4 extractive summaries ─────→ (included, not used for LLM scoring)
    │
    ├─→ GPT-5 summary ──┬──→ Claude Opus/Sonnet/Haiku
    │   (R=high V=high)  ├──→ GPT-5 {high,med,low,min}
    │                    ├──→ o3-high
    │                    ├──→ GPT-5-mini
    │                    └──→ GPT-4.1-mini (5 summary variants)
    │
    ├─→ o3 summary ─────┬──→ GPT-5 {high,med,low,min}
    │                    ├──→ o3 {high,med,low}
    │                    ├──→ o4-mini {high,med,low}
    │                    ├──→ GPT-4.1 / GPT-4.1-mini / GPT-4.1-nano
    │
    └─→ Title only ─────────→ GPT-5.4-nano (100% coverage)
```

## Model Versions

| Model | API Model ID | Snapshot | Scored |
|-------|-------------|----------|--------|
| Claude Opus 4.5 | `claude-opus-4-5` | — | 2026-01 |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | `claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929` | — | 2026-01 |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | `claude-haiku-4-5-20251001` | — | 2026-01 |
| GPT-5 | `gpt-5` | `gpt-5-2025-08-07` | 2025-08 ~ 09 |
| GPT-5-mini | `gpt-5-mini` | `gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07` | 2025-08 ~ 09 |
| o3 | `o3` | — | 2025-07 ~ 09 |
| o4-mini | `o4-mini` | `o4-mini-2025-04-16` | 2025-07 ~ 09 |
| GPT-4.1 | `gpt-4.1` | `gpt-4.1-2025-04-14` | 2025-08 ~ 09 |
| GPT-4.1-mini | `gpt-4.1-mini` | `gpt-4.1-mini-2025-04-14` | 2025-08 ~ 09 |
| GPT-4.1-nano | `gpt-4.1-nano` | `gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14` | 2025-08 ~ 09 |
| GPT-5.4-nano | `gpt-5.4-nano` | — | 2026-04 |

**Summary generators:**

| Summary | Generator Model | Generated |
|---------|----------------|-----------|
| `gpt_5_summary` (12 R×V variants) | GPT-5 (`gpt-5-2025-08-07`) | 2025-08 ~ 09 |
| `gpt_5_mini_summary` (12 R×V variants) | GPT-5-mini (`gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07`) | 2025-08 ~ 09 |
| `o3_summary` | o3 | 2025-07 ~ 09 |

**Upstream (not included, already open-source):**
- DeepSeek V3 scores → [benstaf/FinRL_DeepSeek](https://github.com/benstaf/FinRL_DeepSeek) ([arXiv:2502.07393](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07393))

## Column Naming Convention

Score columns follow: `{sentiment|risk}_{model}_{effort}_{input_source}`

| Suffix | Meaning |
|--------|---------|
| `_gpt5sum` | Scored using GPT-5 generated summary |
| `_o3sum` | Scored using o3 generated summary |
| `_fulltext` | Scored directly from full article text |
| `_title` | Scored from article title only |
| `_gpt5sum_Rhigh_Vmed` | Scored using GPT-5 summary (reasoning=high, verbosity=medium) |

All scores are integer **1-5 scale** (1 = most negative/highest risk, 5 = most positive/lowest risk).

## Score Columns (scores.parquet)

### Metadata

| Column | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| Date | Publication date (YYYY-MM-DD) |
| Article_title | Article headline |
| Stock_symbol | Ticker symbol |
| Url | Source URL |
| Publisher | News publisher |
| Author | Article author |

### Full-text Scores (61% coverage)

| Column | Model | Effort |
|--------|-------|--------|
| `sentiment_o3_high_fulltext` | o3 | high |
| `risk_o3_medium_fulltext` | o3 | medium |
| `sentiment_o4mini_high_fulltext` | o4-mini | high |
| `risk_o4mini_medium_fulltext` | o4-mini | medium |

### Claude Models — by GPT-5 summary (61% coverage)

`sentiment_opus_gpt5sum`, `risk_opus_gpt5sum`, `sentiment_sonnet_gpt5sum`, `risk_sonnet_gpt5sum`, `sentiment_haiku_gpt5sum`, `risk_haiku_gpt5sum`

### GPT-5 — 4 effort levels × 2 summary sources (61% coverage)

By GPT-5 summary: `{s|r}_gpt5_{high|medium|low|minimal}_gpt5sum` (8 cols)

By o3 summary: `{s|r}_gpt5_{high|medium|low|minimal}_o3sum` (8 cols)

### o3 — 3 efforts × o3 summary + gpt5 summary (61% coverage)

`{s|r}_o3_{high|medium|low}_o3sum` (6 cols), `{s|r}_o3_high_gpt5sum` (2 cols)

### o4-mini — 3 efforts × o3 summary (61% coverage)

`{s|r}_o4mini_{high|medium|low}_o3sum` (6 cols)

### GPT-4.1 family (61% coverage)

| Column pattern | Model | Summary input |
|----------------|-------|---------------|
| `{s|r}_gpt41_o3sum` | GPT-4.1 | o3 summary |
| `{s|r}_gpt41mini_gpt5sum_R{x}_V{y}` | GPT-4.1-mini | GPT-5 summary (5 variants) |
| `{s|r}_gpt41mini_o3sum` | GPT-4.1-mini | o3 summary |
| `{s|r}_gpt41nano_o3sum` | GPT-4.1-nano | o3 summary |

### GPT-5-mini (61% coverage)

`sentiment_gpt5mini_high_gpt5sum`, `risk_gpt5mini_high_gpt5sum`

### GPT-5.4-nano — title only (100% coverage)

`sentiment_nano_title`, `risk_nano_title`

## Summary Files

### summaries.parquet — Core summaries used for scoring

| Column | Generator | Coverage |
|--------|-----------|----------|
| Article | — (original text) | 61% |
| Lsa_summary | LSA algorithm | 61% |
| Luhn_summary | Luhn algorithm | 61% |
| Textrank_summary | TextRank | 61% |
| Lexrank_summary | LexRank | 61% |
| gpt_5_summary | GPT-5 (R=high, V=high) | 61% |
| o3_summary | o3 | 61% |

### summaries_gpt5_grid.parquet — GPT-5 summary reasoning × verbosity grid

12 columns: `gpt5_R{reasoning}_V{verbosity}` where reasoning ∈ {high, medium, low, minimal} and verbosity ∈ {high, medium, low}.

`gpt5_Rhigh_Vhigh` is the same text as `gpt_5_summary` in summaries.parquet.

### summaries_gpt5mini_grid.parquet — GPT-5-mini summary grid

Same 4×3 structure: `gpt5mini_R{reasoning}_V{verbosity}`

## Coverage

- **127,176 total articles** (89 NASDAQ tickers, 2009–2024)
- **61.2%** (77,871) have LLM summaries and summary-based scores (articles with text content)
- **100%** for GPT-5.4-nano scores (title-only, no article text needed)
- **38.8%** of rows lack article content in the source data → NaN for all summary-based columns

## Analysis

### Cross-Model Correlation

Models using the same summary input form high-correlation clusters. Nano (title-only) is the outlier — limited input produces systematically different scores.

![Cross-Model Correlation](figures/fig_correlation_heatmap.png)

### Score Distribution

Each model has distinct scoring tendencies. Nano is most conservative (60.8% neutral), o3 is most opinionated (37.1% neutral).

![Score Distribution](figures/fig_score_distribution.png)

### Effort Level Impact

Higher reasoning effort produces meaningfully different scores. Adjacent levels differ ~12%, high vs minimal: 28%.

![Effort Disagreement](figures/fig_effort_disagreement.png)

### Summary Source Impact

Switching from GPT-5 summary to o3 summary changes 17–22% of scores, with minimal-effort scoring being most sensitive.

![Summary Impact](figures/fig_summary_impact.png)

### RL Trading Results

Using these scores for RL trading agent training (PPO, SB3):

- **GPT-5 high vs low effort**: 16.6% disagreement rate on same articles; high vs minimal: 28.0%
- **GPT-5 summary vs o3 summary**: 18.2% disagreement — summary source affects scoring comparably to effort level
- **Best single-model Sharpe**: PPO with GPT-5-mini high scores achieved Sharpe 1.032 on NASDAQ backtest (2019-2023)
- **Multi-seed validation** (5 seeds × 4 algorithms): PPO most robust (0.777±0.098), SAC highest mean (0.780±0.047)

## Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:

```bibtex
@dataset{hyl2026nasdaq_multi_llm,
  title={NASDAQ News Multi-LLM Scores},
  author={HYL},
  year={2026},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/HYL/NASDAQ-News-Multi-LLM-Scores},
  note={Multi-LLM re-scoring of FNSPID financial news articles}
}
```

Original data sources:

```bibtex
@misc{dong2024fnspid,
  title={FNSPID: A Comprehensive Financial News Dataset in Time Series},
  author={Zihan Dong and Xinyu Fan and Zhiyuan Peng},
  year={2024},
  eprint={2402.06698},
  archivePrefix={arXiv}
}

@misc{staf2025finrl,
  title={Enhancing Financial Trading with LLM-Augmented Sentiment Analysis},
  author={Ben Staf},
  year={2025},
  eprint={2502.07393},
  archivePrefix={arXiv}
}
```

## License

CC BY-NC 4.0 (inherited from upstream FNSPID dataset). Non-commercial use only.

## Links

- Source code: [MindfulRL-Intraday](https://github.com/your-repo/MindfulRL-Intraday)
- Original dataset: [FNSPID](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Zihan1004/FNSPID)
- FinRL_DeepSeek: [arXiv:2502.07393](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07393)