--- pretty_name: "Kinship KG–QA (Hinton)" language: - en license: cc-by-4.0 task_categories: - question-answering size_categories: - n<1K source_datasets: - extended tags: - knowledge-graph - kgqa - multi-hop-reasoning - graph-navigation - reasoning-paths - tabular - mlcroissant configs: - config_name: 2hop data_files: "qa/kinship_qa_2hop.csv" - config_name: 3hop data_files: "qa/kinship_qa_3hop.csv" - config_name: nhop default: true data_files: "qa/kinship_qa_nhop.csv" --- # Kinship KG–QA (Hinton) A lightweight **knowledge-graph + question answering (KGQA)** resource adapted from the UCI *Kinship* dataset created by Geoff Hinton. This dataset provides a small family-tree knowledge graph paired with templated multi-hop QA tasks designed for **MultiHop KGQA**. **Project:** [THESEUS](https://github.com/HalcyonSolutions/THESEUS) **Paper:** [Theseus in the Graph](https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14528) **Original dataset:** [UCI Kinship](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/dataset/55/kinship) ## Key Features - Small **knowledge graph with two family trees** - **Human-readable entities and relations** - Templated **1--3 hop QA pairs** - **Explicit start entity** for navigation-based models - **Gold reasoning paths** provided - **Paraphrased questions** for robustness evaluation > ⚠️ This dataset is **distinct from the Australian Kinship dataset** (Denham et al.). --- ## Contents ### 1) Knowledge Graph (KG) Triples KG triples are stored under the `kg/` directory. ``` kg/ ├─ orig/ │ ├─ train.txt │ ├─ dev.txt │ ├─ test.txt │ └─ triplets.txt └─ gender/ ├─ train.txt ├─ dev.txt ├─ test.txt └─ triplets.txt ``` All triple files follow the format: `head relation tail` - Files are **tab-separated**. - Entities and relations are stored using **human-readable labels**. **File descriptions** | File | Description | |-----------------|---------------------------------| | `train.txt` | Training triples | | `dev.txt` | Validation triples | | `test.txt` | Test triples | | `triplets.txt` | Full graph used for navigation | > Because the Kinship graph is very small, `dev.txt` and `test.txt` are identical. --- #### 1-a) `kg/orig/` — Original Kinship Graph This folder contains the **original Kinship triples** derived from the dataset. - These triples represent the **core family relationships**. - This graph should be used for **navigation-based QA experiments**. --- #### 1-b) `kg/gender/` — Extended Graph with Gender Information This folder contains the same triples as `kg/orig/` with additional relations describing **gender**. Purpose: - Provide additional semantic signals when **pre-training knowledge graph embeddings (KGE)**. Important restrictions: - The **gender relation does not appear in the QA questions**. - Using this graph for navigation may allow models to exploit **shortcut paths** that produce **invalid or nonsensical reasoning chains**. Therefore: - ✅ Suitable for **embedding pre-training** - ❌ **Should not be used for reasoning or navigation** --- ### 2) Question Answering (QA) Files QA datasets are stored under the `qa/` directory. ``` qa/ ├─ kinship_qa_2hop.csv ├─ kinship_qa_3hop.csv └─ kinship_qa_nhop.csv ``` | File | Description | |------------------------------|--------------------------------------------| | `kinship_qa_2hop.csv` | Contains only 2-hop questions | | `kinship_qa_3hop.csv` | Contains only 3-hop questions | | `kinship_qa_nhop.csv` | Mixed dataset containing 1–3 hop questions | --- ### Important Note on 1-Hop Questions 1-hop questions are used **only for training** in the mixed-hop dataset. This design choice is motivated by two factors: - The overall dataset is **very small** - Multi-hop reasoning (2–3 hops) requires learning the underlying **1-hop relations** Using 1-hop questions during training helps models **learn the base relational structure** needed for multi-hop reasoning. --- ### 3) Original Source Data #### Data formats ``` source/ └─ kinship.data ``` This file contains the **original Kinship dataset** from which the KG triples were derived. The source file is redistributed from the [UCI Machine Learning Repository](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/dataset/55/kinship) under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. --- ### Triple example ```text Victoria father Christopher # (head_id, relation_id, tail_id) ``` ### CSV schema | Column | Description | |-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `Question-Number` | Integer question ID | | `Question` | Natural-language question | | `Question-Paraphrased` | List of paraphrased questions | | `Source` | Start entity (human-readable) | | `Source-Entity` | Encoded start entity (kept for compatibility) | | `Answer` | Gold answer (human-readable) | | `Answer-Entity` | Encoded answer entity | | `Hops` | Reasoning hop count (1 / 2 / 3) | | `Paths` | Gold reasoning path as an ordered list of triples `(h, r, t)` from source to answer | | `Paths-Label` | Same path using human-readable labels | | `SplitLabel` | Dataset split (`train`/`dev`/`test`) | **Compatibility Note** Since this dataset already uses **human-readable labels**, the following columns are identical: - `Source == Source-Entity` - `Answer == Answer-Entity` - `Paths == Paths-Label` These columns are preserved **for compatibility with other MultiHopKGQA datasets** that require entity ID mappings. **Path encoding example** ```text [[Victoria, father, Christopher], [Christopher, wife, Penelope]] ``` --- ## Usage notes - **Directionality.** Triples are provided as directed; many experiments treat the KG as **undirected** (mirror edges at load time if needed). - **Embedding sizes.** This is a toy graph; small KGE dimensions (e.g., `d=12`) are sufficient. --- ## Quick example **Question:** “Who is the **wife** of the **father** of Victoria?” **Question-Paraphrased:** “What is the name of Victoria's **father's** **wife**?” **Start:** `Victoria` **Gold path:** `(Victoria, father, Christopher) → (Christopher, wife, Penelope)` **Answer:** `Penelope` (2-hop) --- ## Citation If you use this resource, please cite the original UCI Kinship entry and our paper introducing the QA setup. ```bibtex @misc{kinship_55, author = {Hinton, Geoff}, title = {{Kinship}}, year = {1986}, howpublished = {UCI Machine Learning Repository}, note = {{DOI}: https://doi.org/10.24432/C5WS4D} } ``` ```bibtex @article{hernandez2026theseus, author = {Hernandez, Eduin E. and Garcia, Luis F. and Askar, Nurassyl and Diaz, Sergio A. and Rini, Stefano}, title = {Theseus in the Graph: Towards Traceable Multi-Hop Graph Navigation}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2609.14528}, year = {2026} } ``` ## Dataset Statistics - Knowledge Graph - Entities: 24 - Relations: 12 - Triples: 112 - Question Answering | Hop | Total | Train | Dev | Test | | --------- | ----- | ----- | --- | ---- | | **1-hop** | 112 | 112 | 0 | 0 | | **2-hop** | 248 | 173 | 37 | 38 | | **3-hop** | 420 | 294 | 63 | 63 | Total QA pairs: 780 Note: 1-hop questions are used exclusively for training due to the small size of the dataset. ## License The MultiHop KGQA contributions to this dataset, including the knowledge-graph representation, QA pairs, reasoning paths, dataset splits, and paraphrased questions, are licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license. The original UCI Kinship dataset, including `source/kinship.data`, is distributed by the [UCI Machine Learning Repository](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/dataset/55/kinship) under the **CC BY 4.0** license. Please cite both the original Kinship dataset and our work when using this resource. See the [Citation](#citation) section above for the corresponding references.