Training — unified schema
Collection
33 training sources in one strict schema: 15 general (13 repos), 15 domain sets and 3 RLHN subsets (SciDocs-RR, FiQA-2018, ArguAna). • 32 items • Updated
Datasets:
Tasks:
Text Retrieval
Modalities:
Text
Formats:
parquet
Sub-tasks:
document-retrieval
Languages:
English
Size:
1M - 10M
License:
id stringlengths 20 20 | title stringclasses 1
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00033cbf6a23cff23f28 | It depends on the game and what you copy. Games are an utter nightmare when it comes to IP law as so many parts of them cannot be copyrighted. Game rules for example cannot be copyrighted, nor can the concept itself. Some things can be copyrighted or trademarked. You cannot use the following: Names Written elements- wh... | |
00049c184b6cd185ba2c | Is a country an institution or an entity? Neither. It's a sovereign state (a "political entity", not an entity in the sense of a legal persona). | |
0007b65eecec5c7bc4c1 | california This is a lottery, and thus illegal as a for-profit business Calfornia Penal Code § 319 defines a "lottery" as any scheme for the disposal or distribution of property by chance, among persons who have paid or promised to pay any valuable consideration for the chance of obtaining such property or a portion of... | |
000830d650f4ae38fc9c | Strict liability in tort (for money damages in a lawsuit) is generally imposed when there are good reasons for someone to be responsible notwithstanding a lack of personal fault (and sometimes there are "back door" fault aspects). Some of the common categories in the U.S. are: Strict liability of an employer or princip... | |
000d5c4bc0776ffb2371 | I am not familiar with the technical details of what you are talking about but I can offer some legal context. A copyright owner can licence different people on different licence terms. Unless someone is given an exclusive license (in which case it has to be, you know, exclusive) there can be multiple licences and thos... | |
00129bcdac345bdc1b66 | The General Rule In practice, the only time when self-defense against a police officer is legal is when you do not know and have no reasonable way that you could have known that the person attacking you is a police officer. (And arguably, a police officer acting in an official capacity in furtherance of his or her duti... | |
0015bdeec5ebee1fe60c | "The Holy See owns all copyrights in the works published under its name or created on its commission (art. 5)." Since this painting was commissioned by the Vatican for the Sistine Chapel, they own the copyright to it. The first sentence just says the Vatican owns all copyrights that exist, it doesn't speak to whether a... | |
0017e6889ca60a82795e | The crucial phrase is " in ihrer Eigenschaft als Mitglieder ". This restricts the prohibition on receiving benefits from the gGmbH to benefits you'd receive because you are a partner. It is common to have more than one legal relationship with a (g)GmbH, and being a CEO or otherwise employed by one is a typical situatio... | |
001871e0863f7ada4ade | If at least one client agrees to such processing of personal data, then yes, you can share his or her phone and name. Consider, however, whether the transfer of personal data is necessary because Article 5(1) of the GDPR states that: Personal data shall be (...) collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes... | |
001941f598a0583c928d | Some options : Act as directed Find a replacement Leave the Bar Claim a conflict of interest | |
001c2362a5e4710c613e | First off, just because no cash changes hands, doesn't mean that a service is "free." There is only a contract if there is an exchange of value. For example, if I give you my bicycle, there is no contract. If I give you my bicycle in exchange for $1, then there is a contract. The data storage facility in this case is n... | |
001e35f20796f3641a68 | Overview of Notice Requirements To Fathers Prior To Adoption In Illinois The father has some rights, but they are very limited in Illinois under the kind of circumstances set forth in the ER dialog. If the mother wants to put up the child for adoption and doesn't want to reveal anything about the father, perhaps with t... | |
001f5f99cd37703a97cb | I've just started reading about privacy in IoT therefore I thought I might give you some pointers (my day to day work is spent on making privacy policies and their management for websites and apps easier at iubenda ). I think reading through any privacy by design principles might be the best start. I'm citing from a wo... | |
001f7a57594f88f3770c | That post is probably illegal. Because she is making false assertions about you (that are presumably damaging your reputation), she is likely liable for defamation. Because she has copied a picture of you without authorization, she is likely liable for violating the copyright of whomever owns that picture. Commenters h... | |
00225f9b63873aa921c8 | This is actually required by german Law. Specifically § 623 BGB says: Die Beendigung von Arbeitsverhältnissen durch Kündigung oder Auflösungsvertrag bedürfen zu ihrer Wirksamkeit der Schriftform; die elektronische Form ist ausgeschlossen. Translation by me: Resignations and ending-contracts to end an employment are onl... | |
00247d38dcdcdd546b0e | It certainly sounds like it. They suddenly changed their minds about interviewing you when they found out about your condition without giving a good reason. As long as that condition meets the ADA standard for "disability" I'd say you have a case. The primary job of an HR department is to stop the company from being su... | |
0024f49eb4613ee5fc98 | Was the case Sealed? Or is it considered to be Private? Those are two different cases. I was not able to find any laws regarding sealing, or expunging records of Name Changes, but was able to find the Utah Law for Criminal Records. I can only assume they draw from one another. All that being said, assuming your whateve... | |
0026706ddfdc7e80f339 | If the spouse of the US president filed for divorce, would a) the President have any claim of immunity from any litigation that followed (e.g. the division of assets in the matrimonial pot, child custody etc.), The President could claim it, but the President wouldn't win. Notably, a number of state governors and mayors... | |
002a4b6d5bad8830ab7a | There is no country where it is common for attorneys to represent clients who are not identified. Many countries would allow this to be done, at least to some extent, but the practical considerations insure that it is never common. Attorneys generally issue invoices that they need to be able to collect upon if they go ... | |
0031734c6aba88ee2a76 | Although the term acquis is very commonly (almost always?) used to refer to EU precedent, the word roughly translates as "that which has been agreed" and there's no reason that other legal communities can't use it to refer to their own body of previous decisions. Perhaps Wikipedia and Wiktionary are both misleading in ... | |
0034de9220ab57841c93 | There is no general right to download a copy of a book. You may acquire such a right from the rights-holder when you buy a physical book, but otherwise that would be illegal copyright infringement. Any online copy that you find in the wild is probably illegal, if the book is not free. (However, some books are freely do... | |
00362d6c1ccb86ff0390 | OSCOLA 2006 says to cite foreign legislation (presumably including constitutions) using that jurisdiction’s style. | |
003816a113ae9a46da59 | Because he wanted to Why he wanted to only he and whoever he's told knows. An out of court settlement is simply a deal that comes at the end of a negotiation - possibly a long and arduous negotiation. People make deals based on what they think is in their own best interests. This may not be going to court for many year... | |
003a5db88763298d5d1d | Bills can be traced and limited information about their history may be available if you have a bill--for example, you may discover when it was printed. In addition, some money counting machines will scan the serial numbers of money that is counted, and cash used for a ransom, for example, may have its serial numbers tr... | |
003e9b7a0e8113673eac | tl; dr: Maybe, maybe not, but trouble seems likely. Your text files are clearly derived from Dr. Seuss' books, so you normally need the permission of the copyright holder of the books. You mention "fair use" as a possible way around this. However, I don't think this will necessarily fly. The releveant regulation says: ... | |
0043e73ed6179e17c19e | A simple EULA does not absolve you from legal responsibility. The law that you need to be acquainted with, if you are dealing with the US (i.e. might be sued in the US), is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act , in particular Title II, the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act which states the "safe ha... | |
0044b1d0f442f139cc47 | Jurors cannot directly disqualify each other. However, they can inform the trial judge if they have reason to believe that one of their peers should be discharged. The judge will then allow the lawyers for both sides to ask the juror questions before deciding to dismiss them. In some jurisdictions, the judge may be req... | |
00472f5d16352220315a | No, such a restriction is not effective. The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, and other sections as well, provides otherwise. This was settled early on in the history of US Jurisprudence In Fletcher v. Peck , 10 U.S. (6 Cranch) 87 (1810) Justice Johnson wrote for the majority at 10 U. S. 136 ( et seq ) and 10 U. S... | |
004d0b0f6c234994c621 | In legal usage "forfeit" can be used in any of several ways. Most commonly it refers to someone who owns something losing it because of their actions. In particular, a would-be buyer who puts down a deposit but breaches the conditions of the contract may forfeit the deposit, with it becoming the property of the would-b... | |
004dcedf62ba7d6fb6c7 | This is how a court will deal with it Is "editorialize" defined in the Bill? Is "editorialize" defined in statute or case law? Is "editorialize" defined in common usage as which may or may not involve having a dictionary definition? Dictionaries lag behind language so they are not definitive. That said, a legislature w... | |
004f1c37f85f047bd43a | In general: If the contract specifies some term (or "duration"), then it can only be modified in accordance with its own terms. When the employment contract expires any future employment term is subject to negotiation, and benefits could certainly be modified at that time. There are exceptions to this in labor law, but... | |
00526ee13c425546acb6 | Courts consider the ages of all children obviously - what else would make sense? If the age disparity is sufficiently great, the court may order or suggest different parenting plans for the children - for example, I know a (separated) family where the older sibling moved from mother to father during puberty (though thi... | |
0053fcb5d7401b4040f3 | I'd say it's definitely illegal. Here's what the cookie notice says on Facebook at the time of writing this answer: By clicking on or navigating the site, you agree to allow us to collect information on and off Facebook through cookies. And here's what the GDPR define consent: ‘consent’ of the data subject means any fr... | |
0054c1e5b965b6f10a42 | There are many jurisdictions in the world, and many types of "illegal material", so it is impossible to give a short universal answer. It is most likely that your business would not have liability. The main class of "illegal material" is files that violate copyright protection. A distinction is made between copyings ma... | |
005b65649da6ad32ba73 | I think that the rule is to look both ways and cross only when no one is coming. Also, since this is a crosswalk, turning traffic and traffic approaching you is supposed to yield. | |
005b70754b541203fd32 | It's legal as long as you follow these guidelines: They [The Cached Files] are created only for the purpose of viewing (In Your case listening) content The copies do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rights holders. The creation of the copies does not conflict with a normal exploitation of the ... | |
0061c9619f9850775a74 | This is known as "film novelization"(For example, the novelizations of the Star Wars movies are film novelizations, created under license), and is copyright infringement unless made under a license from the copyright holder. Specifically, you would be making a derivative work of the original, by changing the medium. On... | |
0066c3baa119630d38ec | Your premise is a little off, which changes the question somewhat. The actual clause in the 2016 Junior Doctors contract Section 3 (52) states: Where a doctor intends to undertake hours of paid work as a locum, additional to the hours set out in the work schedule, the doctor must initially offer such additional hours o... | |
0066f40c4765d96482ca | I assume that you mean something in the nature of a music or dramatic performance. In that case, you need to contact the people who hold copyrights with respect to that performance. In the case of a music group performing original material, you would ordinarily contact the music group's manager. In the case of a dramat... | |
006730c67df832c1a275 | Consent of the data subject is only one of several conditions that allow the processing of personal data; these are found at Article 6(1) of Regulation 2016/679 . The last, item (f), is also of interest: Article 6 Lawfulness of processing Processing shall be lawful only if and to the extent that at least one of the fol... | |
0067e7ed759c3ae4f04e | You cant give legal advice if you arent a lawyer. If you give someone advice, its a smart thing to tell them that its not real legal advice you are giving them. If you dont you could end up in a messy situation where someone thinks you gave them legal advice (and thus thinks you are acting as their lawyer) and so the c... | |
006907a1e0fb1078966f | Maritime law has a lot of weird rules, but the normal rule of statutory construction is that scienter requirements -- intent, knowledge, recklessness, etc. -- apply to everything that comes after them, until a new scienter requirement is stated. That would leave you with a statute looking like this: A person liable sha... | |
0069bc05022320fc198e | What happens if 2 web pages allow to download the same image but with different licence usage? Assuming that both sources are [legitimate] copyright owners of the same object, the licensee should be able to prove that his use of the object complies with the terms of the license from wherever he downloaded it. what happ... | |
006a05ed3adbd128fca1 | As far as I recall, each European country has its own definition of tax residency. For instance, in Germany, you are considered subject to full income taxation if you: • have at least one home in Germany, even if it's just your second home • have your habitual abode in Germany • are a German out-of-country official who... | |
006ba59ed2acd0e187c2 | The example in the question is a pretty clear case of nominative use . The mark is being used to refer to, or name , the product (or service). It is not being used to sell a similar product, or anything else. No reasonable person could take it to indicate that the trademark owner has endorsed the person making the stat... | |
006cd7c44ecb9042a11e | If the buyer wanted the watch for purely personal reasons, would they be committing any crime? NO The offences are at s.92 of the Trade Marks Act 1994 and all relate to either selling, or possessing as part of a business , such goods with... a view to gain for himself or another, or with intent to cause loss to another... | |
006e4c0f1b5da8d8cccb | Your contract is the only relevant one in your relationship with your landlord If they have broken it you can sue for damages. However, you have to actually read the lease to see if they have broken it - if they are doing something the lease permits, they haven’t broken it. | |
006e96b82077967050d7 | It doesn't really require anything beyond your say-so that it is what you say it is; that would be enough to satisfy the requirement for authentication. From there though, as with any evidence, it's going to be up to a jury to decide how much weight to give the evidence. So the more you can show them to prove that the ... | |
006f2acd888cfe95a043 | “Anything you say can be used against you in court.” Is what the police say in the USA. “You are not obliged to say or do anything unless you wish to do so, but whatever you say or do may be used in evidence. Do you understand?” is what they say in New South Wales. “You do not have to say anything, but it may harm your... | |
0072cf1c55feb0b5b777 | Typically, an employee stock option plan will come with a vesting schedule. The employee gets new stock options each year, but only really gets to own those stock options gradually over a period that is typically two to five years. This provides an incentive for an employee who receives stock options to stay with the c... | |
007317fab9e873f9367b | With minor exceptions, the general law of contract and the language of the contracts, and possibly arbitration law, such as the Federal Arbitration Act in the usual case where the decisions are resolved by arbitration in the event of a dispute, are what control in U.S. law. (If I am wrong I don't know what other law wo... | |
007828992101f7671b41 | OK, the prohibition on commercial use stems from either: The tort of passing off ; this is a private civil matter between the model and the publisher, or Breach of s18 of the Australian Consumer Law which involve misleading or deceptive conduct; this is a public civil matter with strict liability (i.e. intention or neg... | |
0079645398d69180a28d | A duly enacted federal statute or treaty passed after the interstate compact is entered into may supersede or abrogate provisions of the interstate compact, even if the interstate compact, on its face, says otherwise. This is mostly because: Federal law is supreme over state law, and A later enacted law or treaty may o... | |
007b864b8b9dadb19897 | The exact laws will vary by region and country, but the laws will range anywhere between illegal and almost illegal. If you want to operate as legal as possible then you will have to disclose to the buyer that the software is malware or a crypter and you should require for the buyer to sign an agreement to only use the... | |
007bec95e4bd03726a38 | Since the contingency is in the contract and has not been removed, if the purchase falls through due to not selling the existing property, they will get their earnest money back. That was the whole point of putting the contingency in the contract in the first place. | |
007f517fa059fe025fe1 | It will be fact-specific, but potentially not unlocking your phone for such a reason could be a "reasonable excuse". However, you will need to provide evidence for such an excuse. The prosecution will still have to prove, beyond reasonable doubt, that the excuse is not "reasonable". It is entirely possible that the cou... | |
0083dd900dfe77d1f739 | Caveat about the "Grainger test" as applied to veganism Grainger plc v Nicholson is a 2010 employment discrimination case. It established a five-point test for whether a philosophical belief triggers the protection of the Equality Act 2010. See the judgment here, §24. A 2020 preliminary hearing in Casamitjana v The Lea... | |
0084c93dd147545d25ab | Something used to create a derivative work is not itself a derivative work by virtue of that fact, any more than a copying machine is a derivative work of a book it is used to copy. Derivative means "based upon". If the software used to make a derivative work itself was not based upon the work that it was used to make ... | |
0088a7012614a31eb2e1 | Mandatory vaccination requires an act of the legislature in the state: here is the law for Washington state. The Dept. of Health is empowered to set certain rules within the confines of the law passed by the legislature. The law requires "full immunization" against "certain vaccine-preventable diseases in accordance wi... | |
00907fef4aac8c3f2830 | Statute of limitations is the least of your problems To answer your headline question is 7 years. However, the problem that you have is I hear (and your employer and the court will hear): "I say I suffered this injury at work but I didn't report it, no one saw it happen, I didn't tell anyone at the time and I didn't se... | |
00914e98338920a6556f | For the USA, the FCC has a few words to say on the subject: “Generally, “jammers” — which are also commonly called signal blockers, GPS jammers, cell phone jammers, text blockers, etc. — are illegal radio frequency transmitters that are designed to block, jam, or otherwise interfere with authorized radio communications... | |
009714ed3de9407feb7d | The only reason you couldn't take all the profits is if your business were a C-Corp. I don't know of any reason a single-owner LLC would elect to be taxed as a C-Corp. Multi-owner LLCs and LLPs are, for federal tax purposes, either an S-Corp or a C-Corp. When possible they can and should generally elect to be taxed as ... | |
0098d4683bf07f7776bf | The common law covenants of "quiet enjoyment" and exclusive possession never excluded access in a bona fide emergency, and a landlord would be entitled, and perhaps required , to break a door or window open if needed to gain access in the face of an emergency such as a gas leak, where others are potentially endangered ... | |
009a8639038265633bd1 | There is no time limit on performing a legal abortion. §2599-bb of the bill says that a physician may perform an abortion when, according to the practitioner's reasonable and good faith professional judgment based on the facts of the patient's case: the patient is within twenty-four weeks from the commencement of pregn... | |
009be2e1354935598ed4 | You have been told that the other person's insurance may not be valid. Why it may not doesn't really matter, perhaps the other person didn't pay premiums or lied on an application. So the situation is much the same as if the other person is uninsured or under insured. Your p[olicy must cover things. And your policy has... | |
00a32f58518a26387522 | Defendants cannot switcheroo whenever they want. There are good reasons why this is almost never done. The lawyer in any of these scenarios is violating an ethical duty of candor to the tribunal, if it is done without court permission (which is unlikely to be granted), even if the client suggested or insisted upon the ... | |
00a89acca506c05b81d1 | Not necessarily. Let's say the victim delivered photos of a harm that were alleged to be done by the defendant. That's a crime in itself. But based on this item the DA orders investigation and finds evidence of a real crime. Discovering that the photo was faked can lead to dismissal (with prejudice), but even without t... | |
00abcf88de557028562c | A very good starting point is the webpage of the IHK Munich ("The Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK) for Munich and Upper Bavaria") for people who want to import food as a business. It is in German, but Google translate might be helpful. They say in their introduction: Food imported into Germany must not only compl... | |
00af042bd51a28a74641 | You can embed a third party button, but have to take care how and why you do this. PayPal is not providing the button solely on your behalf, but for their own purposes. They are not your data processor, but another data controller. Thus, you need a legal basis (Art 6 GDPR) for sharing visitor data with PayPal. You do h... | |
00b1402577c7c23a8f41 | Yes. Usually a lawyer can charge until a court formally withdraws him from representing you in a case for representation in that case (even if a new lawyer has entered an appearance and you have fired him). A terminated lawyer, even after withdrawal, can also charge you for legal fees incurred to collect the lawyer's b... | |
00b217df525520108304 | By putting their finances into a complicated legal structure, moving assets and income through various jurisdictions, and lobbying to make that legal. They also employ highly skilled lawyers who understand the tax code and possible loopholes very well. I'm pretty sure that a "normal" person with average income could re... | |
00b25b199e6cc89b60fc | At the federal level, employment discrimination as prohibited here is at its core a tort rather than a crime. Probably the most pertinent first part of the law is Subpart B , which encompasses procedures. The EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) may receive allegations of a violation, and there is a procedure... | |
00b287153cd4a3615d79 | The licence tells you what you must do: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner , but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. I highlighted the important point: they tell you wha... | |
00b2884a9b660185ba5a | To narrow this down to a specific country, you can read about the Syria sanctions here . Sanctions under US law are against a country, and against named individuals : there are no sanctions against "Syrians". A person cannot engage in transactions in (certain) goods of Syrian origin, and you cannot invest in (businesse... | |
00b38dbee6f29ce04dff | Assuming that the answer on your linked question from User Experience is correct, your questions are basically identical to each other. Generally, logo's are used to identify a product. Many software organizations actually encourage you to use them to identify their items. They will generally come with guidelines that ... | |
00b4a17d03db8aa07f4f | I would let the hotel know about it. If the injury requires a hospital visit that resulted in costs then, I would contact your travel (and/or personal) insurances and ask them how to deal with it. The main question you have to ask yourself, is it worth it to spend the time and effort (which equals money in the end) to ... | |
00b798bc0409f95dd59f | Conditions can be implied in some circumstances In general, the terms of a contract are those that were agreed by the parties. If these are sufficient to give effect to the contract then there is no need to imply others. Terms implied by statute Terms can be implied into a contract by statute. For example, many jurisdi... | |
00b97b92a74670e35ad8 | According to the IRS site Use Form W-9 to provide your correct TIN to the person who is required to file an information return with the IRS to report, for example, ... income paid to you ... Since the client is already obliged to file an information return disclosing the payments already made, you should provide the W9... | |
00bd552cd3149c765e6a | Fair Use is what is called an "Active Defense" meaning that as a defendant in a copyright suit, you can use Fair Use as a defense, but it will not be assumed unless you specifically say such. To that end, fair use boils down to several factors of your work, such as the nature of your use of the derivative work (who did... | |
00c01ba581ccd13137eb | The jury ultimately decides if a person is guilty or not. Jury nullification is when the person is clearly guilty or innocent, but for some odd reason the jury (who knows the person is guilty/innocent) gives the "wrong verdict" An example of this in the UK was when a guy was being charged with a spy crime years after h... | |
00c0d640caa40f571887 | If a farmer had recently built a barn (within the past year) that cost 45,000 dollars (paid for from a loan), on a piece of property that was originally 10,000 dollars(not paid for from a loan), but the market only values the property with the barn at 35,000 dollars, is the government only responsible for paying the ma... | |
00c56783b50cd753ff11 | The courts are never in such a broad position to rule on generic wikileaks evidence. Theoretically, a court could have to rule on the admissibility of a specific document, so in that sense the matter is always dealt with on a case by case basis. There is a "document" that purports to be somehow from Amazon, reporting t... | |
00c5b6b9f6a68dd169a3 | Good question. A trade mark simply protects the company's exclusive right to use it to identify their goods and services. (R) means that the trade mark has been registered, TM means that, while not registered, the company is claiming a trade mark. Trade marks do not have to be registered to be enforceable. You are cert... | |
00c8e2720001cd105d49 | I understand the question to be about making up text to go in the blacked out areas - not purporting to be factual. That would not have anything to do with national secrets and would not be any problem. Also - the title of the question asks about the legality of publishing . Publishing is not a problem in the U.S. See ... | |
00c9614dee1c83e4e496 | Unequivocally yes. An Australian judgement asserted this by (happily) adopting the reasoning of the US courts: The matter also came up for discussion in the Communist Party case where Justice Dixon adopted the U.S. view that: ... it is within the necessary power of the Federal government to protect its own existence an... | |
00c99ad11d31988452bf | It does not appear to be illegal If you have an option to renew under the lease then it must be for the same premises i.e. 3 lots. If you don’t have an option then it is a new lease and must be agreed by the parties. They have indicated that they will only agree to 3 lots as is their right - they probably believe they ... | |
00d072ad9e44e8ed00e9 | There is likely some risk that you could be sued for copyright infringement, at least for the pixelated Marilyn Monroe image, which is likely still under copyright. I believe the other image is a pixelation of Girl With a Pearl Earring, which is a 17th century Vermeer painting and, thus, likely outside of copyright. Th... | |
00d22fd3d17a5868945a | Public/private space is an unclear term of art which is not relevant to US law. There are four relevant categories created by the interaction between the private / government distinction, and "open to the public" vs. "not open to the public" (for example: government parks, military bases, private shopping malls, your o... | |
00d370b24ab1aef81d9c | I think that the language In consideration of permission to use, ... Recreational Sports Department ... arising from , but not limited to, participation in activities, classes, observation, and use of facilities, premises, or equipment. would be read as limiting the waiver to cases in some way connected with the RSF. E... | |
00d37f033a77f0dc1c86 | The order of operations is important I assume that plaintiff filed for a Protective Order. To get this granted, the plaintiff has to allege some kind of wrongdoing and evidence of that. If the defendant responds, then the plaintiff can amend their filing. Then the defendant once more can respond to the allegations. If ... | |
00d848aeafac564b7246 | It doesn’t make you exempt from the GDPR if that’s what you’re asking The hash you produce is linked to one (or a small number) of computers and it therefore serves as an ID number. Because that ID number is linked to the owner of the computer it is personal information and if you are collecting it, you must comply wit... | |
00d99413cef10543b583 | In the US, the burden of proof in a civil case is distinct from that in a criminal case (it is true that in European systems, the plaintiff must prove their claims beyond reasonable doubt, but we're talking about US law here). The particular statute, RCW 46.63.075 , does somewhat favor the state as plaintiff, stating t... | |
00dedee3fc8f9a432d2e | The process of collecting a judgment once you win one is really no different in small claims court than it is in any other court, and as you note, it isn't easy. You may decide that once you have won, that it is easier to turn the judgment over to a collection agency or an attorney to collect (admittedly at a price). O... | |
00df06c5954128964289 | If their design is copyrighted yes you are breaking the law. http://blog.kunvay.com/3-common-questions-t-shirt-design-copyright-law-answered/ The box and font are their design. | |
00e1ddd6961041008ba2 | Why might Martin Shkreli's lawyer announce to the public that Shkreli's not making any more statements? To try to get the media to leave Shkreli alone, which Shkreli might appreciate. That is one valid motivation for making such an announcement. | |
00e2077a27ba13bfed2a | The resolution in Connecticut is a statement that has been agreed by the state's legislature, but is not a law. If it were, it would indeed need to be signed by the Governor, by virtue of Article 4, Section 15 of the state Constitution. It exonerates the victims insofar as it expresses the current legislature's disappr... | |
00e33ff8aa331e79db8d | The primary reason for involuntary commitment is that a person poses a threat to themselves or others . This is usually intentionally broad, but can be taken to mean suicidal, delusional or homicidal tendencies, or other personality disorders that make a person a threat. There are usually provisions for holding a perso... | |
00e434e10a1789af261b | As Mark's answer indicates, you are evidently thinking of the Full Faith and Credit Clause . "Public acts" being laws, it may seem at first glance that states must fully respect the laws of other states. But the interpretation of this clause by the courts is rather different, and has evolved a bit over time. The short ... | |
00e577dd3088f5c84b42 | If three people inherited a house in equal shares, then a new deed should have been prepared and filed with the appropriate governmental authority (the county in most US states) before probate is closed. When that is done the authority of the executors over the house as executors has ended. However, if I understand you... | |
00ea12c5e808d2b4d828 | The United States even allows private ownership of tanks and howitzers with only fairly modest regulation, although the demand is small and some sort of license is required. Most U.S. regulations would be at the state and local level. It is rare for state governments to place regulatory barriers on the ownership of wha... |
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Law Stack Exchange — Training, unified schema
A seeded sample of ymoslem/Law-StackExchange, made into retrieval training pairs and reshaped into the strict schema shared by every dataset in this collection. One of the 15 domain sources (code, medical, science, finance, legal) added to the collection's general sources.
| Source | ymoslem/Law-StackExchange @ ab2dbaad9a71 |
| Task | legal question → answer |
| Domain · languages | legal · eng |
| Queries / documents / qrels | 24,326 / 24,330 / 24,326 |
| Qrels per query | min 1 · mean 1.0 · max 1 |
| Score values | 2 ×24,326 (2: the first positive, 1: any other) |
| Layout | queries · corpus · qrels · hard-negatives · teacher-scores, split train |
| Splits | corpus: train · hard-negatives: train · qrels: train · queries: train · teacher-scores: train |
| Hard negatives | sources: dense · 2,409,643 rows |
| Teacher scores | none yet (0 rows): jinaai/jina-reranker-v3.5 scores come next |
| Ids | sha1(text)[:20]; identical texts collapse to one document / query |
| License | cc-by-sa-4.0 |
Schema
| config | columns | rules |
|---|---|---|
queries |
id: string, text: string |
ids unique and non-empty; every query has ≥ 1 qrel |
corpus |
id: string, title: string, text: string |
title is always present ("" when the source has none) |
qrels |
query-id: string, corpus-id: string, score: int32 |
referential integrity to both tables; no duplicate pairs; no floats |
hard-negatives |
query-id: string, corpus-id: string, rank: int32, source: string |
one row per negative; (query-id, corpus-id, source) unique; never a labelled positive of the same query |
teacher-scores |
query-id: string, corpus-id: string, teacher: string, score: float32 |
one row per scored pair (positives included); a row means scored — never a placeholder |
Files are Parquet, sorted by id, zstd-compressed, sharded at 500 MB. Every rule above is checked before publishing; provenance.json records the source revision, what changed, and the output file hashes.
What changed from the source
- sampled: a seeded random sample (seed 1) of up to 25,000 pairs
- reshaped: the question title and body (HTML removed, at most 2,000 characters) are the query, the highest-scored answer (HTML removed, at least 40 characters) the document
- decontaminated (exact): a pair was dropped when its normalised query equals any evaluation query, or a positive equals a document of a test or dev corpus; a repeated query keeps its first pair
- decontaminated (near-duplicates): 5 passages that nearly copy an evaluation document some evaluation query judges relevant, and 4 queries that nearly copy an evaluation query (word 13-grams for passages, 8-grams for queries; at least half shared with one text of the 23 test sets (BEIR, RTEB, LitSearch) or the 6 dev sets) were removed, and with them 9 queries in total; near copies of evaluation-corpus documents that no evaluation query judges relevant were kept
- text: leading and trailing whitespace stripped; otherwise as converted above
- ids re-keyed to
sha1(text)[:20]: 0 documents and 0 queries collapsed into identical texts - added a
titlecolumn filled with""(the source has none)
Hard negatives and teacher scores
Filled by the collection's annotation pipeline (annotation=jina35). Interim: the candidates are final, the teacher scores are still to come.
- Candidates: dense retrieval with
jinaai/jina-embeddings-v5-text-smallover this corpus to depth 1,000; 100 candidates per query drawn from the rank windows 1–30 (30), 31–100 (30), 101–300 (20), 301–1000 (20), the query's labelled positives excluded.rankis the dense rank;sourceisdensefor a mined row anddatasetfor a negative the source labels itself. - Teacher scores: none yet.
teacher-scoresholds 0 rows until thejinaai/jina-reranker-v3.5scores (listwise, as in the other repositories) are filled in;datasetscannot return a 0-example split, so read that file withpyarrow/pandasmeanwhile. The candidates stay.
| configs | queries | hard negatives | teacher scores |
|---|---|---|---|
hard-negatives · teacher-scores |
24,326 (all) | 2,409,643 (2,409,643 dense) | 0 |
Load it
from datasets import load_dataset
queries = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-law-stackexchange", "queries", split="train")
corpus = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-law-stackexchange", "corpus", split="train")
qrels = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-law-stackexchange", "qrels", split="train")
negatives = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-law-stackexchange", "hard-negatives", split="train")
scores = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-law-stackexchange", "teacher-scores", split="train")
License and attribution
The data is redistributed under the source's terms — cc-by-sa-4.0. All credit belongs to the original authors; see the source repository (https://huggingface.co/datasets/ymoslem/Law-StackExchange). This repository is an independent repackaging.
Share-alike. The source is CC BY-SA 4.0, and so is this copy.
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