Training — unified schema
Collection
37 training sources, one strict schema: 15 general (13 repos), 15 domain, 7 RLHN (MS MARCO, NQ, HotpotQA, FEVER, SciDocs-RR, FiQA, ArguAna). • 36 items • Updated
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Text Retrieval
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document-retrieval
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English
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00015581cb32bdd5565a | © 2012 Sysel et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Hyperbran... | |
0002b21a81f75816126a | Th i s study foc u sed on in v e nto r y m a n a ge m e n t inp harmaceut i cal indust r y . For this p u r pose a Decisi o n Support S y stem for i n vento r y m anagement i s designed in one of t h e m ajor d i stribution channe l s in the Tu rkish phar m aceuti c al s ector. In p h armaceut i c al s e ctor n early a... | |
0004b575ebf73e3ccfb8 | Flash-vacuum pyrolysis of the benzylidene compound (2) gives acetone and phenylacetylene (98%); 13C labelling shows that the presumed intermediate benzylidenecarbene (3) appears to undergo 75% of hydrogen migration and 25% of phenyl migration at 560°. | |
0004fa70601868c5a3ba | Conductive element structures and methods of manufacture thereof are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of forming a conductive element in an insulating layer includes: forming a recess in a metal layer disposed over the insulating layer; selectively forming a metal liner on a sidewall of the recess; and etching ... | |
00058d7ca12ad5444337 | Fourteen clones of Pinus tabulaeformis in Badu Seed Orchard of Longxian County,Shaanxi Province were used to examine the sibship of the clones by RAPD technique.Twenty three bands were amplified with 8 selected primers,and only 14 bands which took 60.8% of all amplified bands showed polymorphic relationship.The UPGMA a... | |
0007171632d7c43b3adf | The response to a prednisolone glucose tolerance test (PGTT) was investigated in 166 pregnant women, divided into control and diabetes-suspect groups. The diabetes-suspect group consisted of pregnant women with a history of a large infant, a family history of diabetes and/or glycosuria during a previous pregnancy. Posi... | |
0008a8dceeac035047c3 | A robust two-field hexahedral element capable of handling plate/shell, beam and nearly incompressible material analyses without locking are presented. Starting with the assumed stress element of Pian and Tong,7 parasitic strain components leading to locking in plate, shell and beam analyses are first identified. Lockin... | |
00096932b13466702a7d | The antibacterial activity of the stem bark of Erythrina caffra Thunb. was investigated against different bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity was determined by a micro broth dilution assay. Antibacterial compounds were isolated and identified using a Bruker Avance III LPO NMR spectrometer. Four known flavonoi... | |
00098315588ab60d97a2 | e16211Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer II-IV stages depending on the regimen used in the first line. Methods: The data of adults t... | |
0009965ebad3ffd43c86 | This paper presents a new biped mechanism.A single spatial four-bar mechanism with two degrees of freedom is adopted as the body of the biped mechanism.In comparison with traditional walking machines with multi-links and multi-actuators,the new biped mechanism has the advantage of simple structure and control system.Th... | |
000b604ee5c5ac463a71 | Advances in digital communication advocate for the use of hardware LDPC decoders in applications requiring reliable and fast information transfer. Hand-coded RTL architectures provide the highest performances but slower the path to IP design. By the use of HLS-based methodology, a number of approaches exists to facilit... | |
000b936864a36b766b4f | An event tree analysis program has been written for the IBM Personal Computer allowing the reliability engineer to graphically construct, edit, store, and analyze system reliability using the event tree methodology. The system is cost-effective, easy to use ("user-friendly"), and is similar to an electronic spreadsheet... | |
000e5648a92738be6e82 | Proper lens maintenance is required if contact lens wear is to be successful. Poor compliance or inadequate cleaning may lead to contact lens failures and potentially damage to the eye. With phase contrast microscopy, we addressed the effect of cleaning systems on the physical integrity of a surface-modified lens--the ... | |
000ecd31a8c3e4d3574c | Katzenstein's contribution to European political theory continues to resonate – even though the shift in scholarly work has moved in new directions, and the capacity for ‘flexible adaptation’ is under duress. When questions of power in the global system arise, the approach can account for issue-areas unanticipated by t... | |
00117b81d043161950ef | A novel norlfoxacin-containing fluorescent polymer was synthesized via copolymerization of two derivatives of norfloxacin and methylmetacrylate (MMA). It could emit blue fluorescence in both the solution and film states. Fluorescence characteristics of the polymer as a function of pH were investigated in aqueous soluti... | |
0011c45a4d7450f59e4b | dLife is a Java library developed for teaching and research in robotics, artificial intelligence and computer vision. While a significant number of platforms now exist for using robotics in the CS classroom (e.g. Lego, Pyro, Myro, MS Robotics Studio, Player, Tekkotsu, Webots, and others...) dLife presents a unique comb... | |
001316cb3ef4c65110ef | The crystal structure of RbLiCl2 [a= 1441.3(3), b= 412.57(8), c= 720.9(1) pm, Guinier-Simon data, orthorhombic, Ccmm, No. 63, Z= 4] was determined and refined from single crystal data, R= 0.074, RW= 0.062. The coordination polyhedron of Rb+ is a bicapped trigonal prism, Li+ is tetrahedrally coordinated. [LiCl4] tetrahe... | |
0014786569b578746983 | The article Chemometric tools for the authentication of cod liver oil based on nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy data, written by Editha Giese, Sascha Rohn and Jan Fritsche. | |
00173e968ab89d3d82fa | In this paper we report on our experimental optimization of the CF4 plasma treatment conditions to control the 2DEG density in the drift region of the GaN MOS Channel HEMTs (MOSC-HEMTs). The 2DEG density was measured using a simple MOS capacitor structure fabricated on the AlGaN/GaN epi treated by CF4 plasma under diff... | |
001833c71c2e2f79944f | In this work we are concerned about a singular boundary value problem involving the p-laplacian which arises in mathematical models of fluid mechanics. We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the considered ordinary differential equation near the singularities and introduce a computational method which t... | |
001c2c3e4cf9fdb4ba71 | The construction of civic virtues or morals lies in a harmonious existence of the democratic, and legal rule based on the marketing economy among the people. The nature of the civic virtues, the significance of the civic virtue construction, the relationship between the nation and people, systematic construction of civ... | |
001d7f47543919008704 | The achievement of a giant slow-light effect in an ultrathin metamaterial could prove useful for constructing ultrafast optical memories. Cuicui Lu and co-workers from Peking University in China made an engineered nonlinear metasurface from a periodic array of gold nanoprism dimers (40-nanometre-thick equilateral trian... | |
001e296e7f39680dd7df | Pre-thermal flow plays an important role in the final state evolution of heavy ion collisions at RHIC. We show that flow has universal features for a wide range of models. This significantly reduces the uncertainty in initializing hydrodynamic models at RHIC. | |
002304c35c4603a99790 | Hans Kelsen and the Natural Law Tradition provides the first sustained examination of Hans Kelsen’s critical engagement, itself founded upon a distinctive theory of legal positivism, with the Natural Law Tradition. This edited collection commences with a comprehensive introduction which establishes the character of Kel... | |
00255f6367bd26e579af | Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) make up a group of widely used anthropogenic additives, whose potential for toxicity has received more attention in recent years. Although SPAs can reach humans through many exposure pathways, few data on the concentrations of SPAs in humans are available. In this study, five SPAs... | |
00276fc96d568b42c1a3 | Energy security is, once again, a fashionable topic of conversation in Europe particularly in relation to natural gas, but most of the commentary is relatively general, failing to identify any specific problems. The Russian–Ukrainian gas crisis of January 2006 focussed attention on a specific natural gas security probl... | |
002816e8bd9511e792da | The corrosion behavior of an Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was studied and compared with that of an Al-6Mg-Zr alloy.The addition of scandium into the Al-6Mg-Zr alloy reduced the susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion. By using the constant load tensile method in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, the resistance to SCC of the Al-6Mg-Sc-Zr... | |
00286656d9cd537e724a | AbstractThis paper will offer a reflexive account of the research approaches used in linguistically and culturally diverse education contexts by an academic researcher from the hegemonic cultural mainstream. The discussion will cover some of the potential barriers to research with linguistically, ethnically and/or cult... | |
002977c935f49cc2288d | Based on a theoretical introduction on the definition and the content ::: of separation between mainstay and auxiliary business as well as the present ::: innovation and breakthrough of this reform, the paper raises an expression on ::: its ripe time. It then gives a four-quadrant classification to auxiliary business b... | |
002b5b31d07d7cbb19cf | Numerical modelling and simulation of metal forming is rapidly gaining prominence in many industries all over the world due to its effective saving of production time, effort and economy. In order to meet this need a special finite element code FORGE2 has been developed at CEMEF. In this work the theoretical basis of t... | |
002b9ce234b7cf813e9e | Cane-toads (Bufo marinus) are introduced to Australia to negate the insect pests. However, cane-toad population is out of control, and has highly affected native frog species for its great reproductive capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor cane-toads and control their population. Recent advances in acoustic s... | |
0031c80e6f3d9c22b0d0 | Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is characterized by abnormal interactions between kidney-infiltrating macrophages and glomerular mesangial cells. Recently, a novel cell-cell communication mediated by exo... | |
00325efadd733958227a | This paper models monetary policy decisions as being taken by an interacting group of heterogeneous policy makers, organized in a committee. Disclosing the premises on which an individual view on the interest rate is based is likely to provide value added in terms of the quality of the collective decision over-and-abov... | |
003851e5c1e4faf9ae2b | Clinic-based hand surgery performed under local anesthetic has been steadily increasingly performed in Canada for 50 years. The drive for its development stems from the Canadian health care system's finite funding structure and resources. Benefits have extended far beyond cost and garbage reduction. It has resulted in ... | |
003be01ae9a54b2c7b89 | The present paper introduces the development and application of hot metal desulphurzation in China in the recent years and compares different hot metal desulphurization processes,technologies and equipments and analyzes the characteristics of those processes and equipments and puts forward some suggestions for selectio... | |
003d1bbcb5cb5cf736a1 | A mode conversion device for an image photographing system is provided to automatically recover a selection knob to a position before rotation after the selection knob carries out mode conversion by the rotation, thereby simplifying mode conversion. A mode conversion device for an image photographing system includes a ... | |
003d970e22a03802bf27 | Autonomy of syntax is a presumption held by transformational generative(TG) grammar.Around this question,there is a long-standing controversy between functional linguists,cognitive linguists and Chomskyan linguists.This paper explores the development of Chomsky's thought on autonomy of syntax,reviews the variety of cri... | |
004083f5ddf2ed2a580e | An investigation is made of the effects of delayed feedbacks on periodic solutions of Lienard system qualitatively by introducing delayed state feedbacks into the normal form of Lienard system.There coexist multiple solutions derived from the delayed feedbacks.This paper presents an analytical prediction of the number ... | |
0041009039096955ef10 | Abstract Angular distributions of protons, deuterons. tritons and α-particles were measured for the system 9 Be + 12 C at lab energies between 12 and 27 MeV. The compound nucleus model with level densities calculated according to the Gilbert-Cameron formula describes satisfactorily the measured proton, deuteron and tri... | |
00445cef5c0cb7fac4cd | This report describes our tests on applying statistical translation models for bilingual IR tasks in CLEF-2001. These translation models have been trained on a set of parallel web pages automatically mined from the Web. Our previous studies have shown the utility of such corpora for cross-language information retrieval... | |
00460b911ff0afd804bb | In this article, Jesse Goodman examines the current "third wave" school restructuring movement and its attempt to reform U.S. schools based on the perceived needs of the information age. Goodman places this school reform movement in historical context and explores the way it emerged from the interrelated fields of educ... | |
0046ca4776aea2098396 | Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema or RS3PE is a rare elderly-onset rheumatic syndrome. Although there are overlapping clinical manifestations between RS3PE, elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica, RS3PE has distinct characteristics. RS3PE can be associated with neop... | |
0047fe6bb93f25a0813f | The energy of combination of crystalline boron in gaseous fluorine was measured in a bomb calorimeter. The experimental data combined with reasonable estimates of all known errors may be expressed by the equation: B ( c ) + 3 / 2 F 2 ( g ) = BF 3 ( g ) , Δ H f 298 ° = - 271.03 ± 0.51 kcal mol - 1 This result is compare... | |
0048a3fb0203cdc147d2 | The program can perform any one of those nonparametric statistical methods that is mentioned in Sidney Siegel's classical work on the subject. The user is free to select among the methods and also among the samples that are read by the program. When a particular set of samples has been treated in the prescribed way, a ... | |
0048e52372c8e1a7879d | Abstract Localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (LCNA) is the rarest form of localized cutaneous amyloidosis. In patients with LCNA, local plasma cells secrete immunoglobulin light chains called amyloid L via an unknown mechanism. LCNA has been associated with autoimmune connective tissue diseases such as most commonl... | |
004b254737035e4419ee | The present invention relates to an adhesive composition comprising a functionalized random propylene polymer (FRPP), which FRPP having at least 0.1wt% of the functional groups, 0.5-70J / g and a heat of fusion of at least 75% of mm triads T tacticity index, wherein the adhesive has at least 175N / m (1lb / in) on a po... | |
004be3fa00934fa24d9f | Abstract Equilibration between 2′, 5′- and 3′, 5′-di-O-benzoyladenosine derivatives on Wakogel C-300 and Merck 60 silica gel was effectively induced to give a mixture predominantly containing the latter; further potential factors involved were also investigated. | |
004c133da3d08961c75e | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) diversity is a significant challenge in developing a vaccine against the virus. B/C recombinants have been found in India and other places but are the predominant clade prevalent in China. HIV-1 envelopes (Envs) are the target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) which devel... | |
004cfc880abadcf42097 | The methods of analyzing the influence of parameters of an actual differentiating section in the structure of a PID-controller on the dynamic accuracy of control systems based on calculation of lines of the preset stability margin are presented. Recommendations for selecting the value of a ballast time constant of a di... | |
004f194bc88563f52d24 | The 2009 Society for Advancement of Violence and Injury Research National Meeting will take place in Atlanta, Georgia on March 5 and 6, 2009. The theme of the conference is “From Discovery to Practice: Innovative Translational Approaches to Injury Prevention and Care.” The conference is cosponsored by the National Cent... | |
005075549650ee1cae77 | Abstract A computer MIS, including 9 subsystems and 18 micros, was developed in Nanfeng t one of the biggest iron ore pit mines in China, which covers the management functions of 7 sections, 2 dispatching rooms and a computer enter of the mine. A network consisting of a LAN and remote digital communications by telephon... | |
00525f300f391f7b3425 | A reconfigurable adaptive power cell configuration for a multi-band CMOS power amplifier (PA) is presented, for long-range WLAN applications. The common gate (CG) transistor of a CMOS cascode power cell consists of four differently biased 4-transistor cells to have good linearity, two of which are subsidiary cells and ... | |
0055c8cd7897af785afe | Rainfall-induced landslides (RILs) have been a source of social and economic disruption in the mountainous Baguio area in northern Philippines. Prolonged heavy rainfall usually happens during tropical cyclone and southwest monsoon activity. A pragmatic approach to RIL mitigation is to develop rainfall-based early warni... | |
005a9f15669c27dae534 | One of the most important questions for an educator is how best to help students learn, and another is of course what they should learn. We will address both these questions from a learning theory perspective in the context of Open Ended Group Projects (OEGPs). We argue that OEGPs provide a useful tool for instructors ... | |
005bdb8ce751849b55b9 | Cognitive RAdio sensing Based on the joint distribution of pseudo WIShart matrix Eigenvalues (CRABWISE) is a narrowband multi-antenna sensing algorithm, which applies random matrix theory performing near to the optimum detector at the cost of extra complexity. In this paper, CRABWISE is modified such that it is applica... | |
005bf4b002f1390bb805 | Three different distributed Raman amplification schemes-backward pumping, bidirectional pumping, and second-order pumping-are evaluated numerically for 160-Gb/s single-channel transmission. The same longest transmission distance of 2500 km is achieved for all three pumping methods with a 105-km span composed of superla... | |
005fec7d94ddc4843b52 | The total area of glazing of the glass curtain wall in Guangzhou New Baiyun international airport project is the largest one in China, even in the world ranks in the leading place. In this article, the author briefly introduces the main construction procedure and method of controlling flatness, curve and inclination an... | |
006040267ae4f7e0a3c6 | Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-1827 / Regression of benign hepatic lesions associated with exogenous estrogens withdrawal" by: "F. Barbiera1, M. Accardi1, S. Salerno2, L. La Grutta2, A. Aiello1, A. Trigona3, E. Murmura2, B. Murmura1; 1Sciacca/IT, 2Palermo/IT, 3Licata/IT" | |
0061cc96e4a7ff4276d8 | Objective To analyze the application of closed endotracheal suction in the mechanical ventilation of newborns. Methods Thirty-two newborns scheduled for mechanical ventilation were treated with closed endotracheal suction. The variations in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SPO2 ) before... | |
00625aa7f9679da70f58 | The term “fishery resources” is used in this book with a broad application. It includes the populations of the fishes and other organisms useful to men, the environment that makes life possible for them, the industry that exploits and utilizes them, and our knowledge about them by which we can conserve their productivi... | |
0062684bd4bf25b33d3d | The general relativistic solution to the cosmological problem is often considered to be one of its most beautiful results. It is shown that Newtonian mechanics is quite sufficient to discuss the dynamics of the expanding universe. Furthermore, this is not a cleverly contrived classical model, or a crude nonrelativistic... | |
00637dc82221a302e38f | The multiplicity of Indian political parties has its roots with wide range of sociocultural and ethnic diversity over a large geographical area which makes the Indian party system more complex without clear cut ideology. The emergence of regional parties has a geographical expression where regional issues get an edge o... | |
0064ffbf10d49a7a7790 | Efficient regional computation isa keyforlow powermid-level imageprocessing. Inthis paper, weshowhow tofitdigital retinas withsuchcapabilities. We propose a low powerandfast hardware software solution toperform regional integral operations basedonaregional sumprimitive. Ittakes advantage ofamixedsynchronous-asynchronou... | |
00650673b2b1e99ee1eb | Reasonable number of direction finding station is examined in multi-station bearing-crossing location. Though it is believed that increasing the number of station is helpful to improve the location accuracy, In the paper, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) as an example. The algorithms and the location error model... | |
0065c0d2bc2fcfcdcc1e | Edge states in biased bilayer graphene in a magnetic field are studied within the four-band continuum model. The analysis is done for the semi-infinite graphene plane and for the graphene ribbon of a finite width, in the cases of zigzag and armchair edges. Exact dispersion equations for the edge states and analytic exp... | |
006c37aa057d209fd342 | Plumbago zeylanica Linn (Fam. Plumbaginaceae) known as "ch itrak" is a useful medicinal plane. Its roots are used to improve digestion, also used in piles, anasarca, diarrhoea and skin di seases• Earlier work recorded the presence of plumbagin, ./3-sitosterol, droserone, zey lanone and ellipt inone• The benzene-ethyl a... | |
006e8e5e439da2d44454 | To offer a general panoramic of one of the methodology of improvement more used in the University of Holguin, The Permanent program of Improvement of the Productivity (PPMP). This program leaves of a focus for process establishing indicators of exits expressed in terms efficiency, effectiveness, and effectiveness and t... | |
0070c2c5f5fb6a8526db | Due to the frequency of occlusion, cluttering and low contrast edges, gray intensity based active contour models often fail to segment meaningful objects. Prior shape information is usually utilized to segment desirable objects. A parametric shape prior model is proposed. Firstly, principal component analysis is employ... | |
00712ccf1c36df4b183e | We consider a divergence-form elliptic difference operator on the lattice $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$ ::: , with a coefficient matrix that is an i.i.d. perturbation of the identity matrix. Recently, Bourgain introduced novel techniques from harmonic analysis to prove the convergence of the Feshbach-Schur perturbation series rela... | |
00729e97a71998fd7ede | In order to study the effect of obliquity on a projectile perforating concrete targets,a set of oblique perforation experiments of concrete targets by the projectiles were conducted. The ballistic trajectory,yaw angle,residual velocity and trajectory angle after the projectile perforating the target were acquired using... | |
00752a40c7a416b71ba4 | Although being aware of its scientific value, this article offers a critical revision of the classical works on the so-called Tupi-Guarani «profetism», placing their authors in the intellectual context that had determined its scientific concerns and its methodological approaches. Unveiling the roots of an «authority di... | |
0075cf47455acf30fcef | Hearing aid fitting in children with profound sensorineural hearing loss (greater than 90 dB) has been regarded as problematic because of the risk of a further hearing aid induced damage. Maximal output levels of 125 dB (SPL) were the upper limit in such cases. We believe, that the danger of a further damage to hearing... | |
00778785fb357e7410ca | HIGH LKVKLS of stress-related burnout have been found among A&E nurses. | |
00794c861d9c6a94f0dd | The microwave spectrum of the acetylene–HF complex in the ground vibrational state has been assigned using a pulsed Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, employing a Fabry–Perot cavity and a pulsed supersonic nozzle as the molecular source. Acetylene–HF is T shaped, probably having C2v symmetry at equilibrium with ... | |
007a61a1b68c348d04ce | Abstract Magnetoreflectance and magnetization measurements were performed on the recently synthesized semimagnetic semiconductor Cd 0.952 Co 0.048 Se. The results allowed to obtain for the first time both ion-carrier exchange constants Noα = 279±29 meV and Noβ = -1873±42 meV . | |
007bb347e6a13094e2b3 | Natural disasters cause billions of dollars of damage and thousands Of deaths globally each year. While the magnitude is clear, the exact costs (in damage and fatalities) are difficult to clearly identify. This document reports on the results of a survey of data on the costs associated with significant natural disaster... | |
0080de70c976cb5ee502 | This paper describes the problems in the existing CNC machining Curriculum Teaching practice based on the work process systematic "CNC machining curriculum development process" There are analysis of area for action,the field of learning design,learning scenario design,curriculum implementation program design.Result has... | |
0083d15383256f72200c | Chinese orthopaedics originated in two great branches, traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In the first half of twentieth century, Dr. Meng Chimao(Beijing), Dr. New Way Sung(Shanghai), Dr. Fang Hsien , et. al contributed a great deal to the development of modern orthopaedics in China. The orthopaedic gro... | |
0083d5d3fb80833267bb | We have developed an optimized model for electron behavior in Cu-line and we have implemented it using Monte Carlo method. Our model takes into account not only four normal scatterings but also the grain boundary scattering and the surface roughness scattering. The model has been tested with different line width and pr... | |
00850d03d176f0de3f31 | AbstractAccurately positioning components during radial head arthroplasty is difficult due to the complex shape of the radial head. The objective of this study was to develop a navigation system fo... | |
0087cd5d3dabeb15c5f5 | t:This article discusses the basic thinking and the major implementing countermeasures of educational creation in the newly-built medical colleges.The newly-built medical colleges have to improve the conditions of running a school according to the standards of regular medical universities,stengthen the building of the ... | |
00881273bf2aed68a4ca | This paper deals with the experimental testing and theoretical analysis of the flexural load-bearing capacity of I-shaped pillars in noise barriers made of reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and prestressed steel fiber reinforced concrete. The pillars were loaded as a cantilever under a flexural load, which corr... | |
0089756a6dafb9b19676 | The style of deformation in thin-skinned, thrusted terrains provides a setting for complex provenance and dispersal relations between source and sediment. Whereas it is commonly assumed that clastic wedges are shed by active thrusts and therefore can be used to date thrust motion, passive sources, formed when inactive ... | |
0089eaadeaf2e45fa984 | TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the article published in the May issue of AJG (1) and we agree that, despite the increasing interest in Barrett's esophagus (BE), "there is (still) a poor evidence base supporting BE surveillance guidelines." There are several reasons for such inconsistent patient management, but on... | |
008eb9d56206bd2a35d1 | Aims:The article presents an analysis of sources of information employed in mainstream print media reporting on addiction problems in Finland, Italy and Poland in the 1990s and 2000s.Method:A quantitative content analysis of frequency of different sources employed in articles in daily newspapers from Finland (N = 258),... | |
00923f5a0aaf8c906a46 | The glucose was used to study the coloring method sensitivity,and the effect of protein for determination of sacharide.In addition,the experiment had also carried on the fumble and discussion about how to fix carbohydrate material onto glass plate.When benzene boric acid derivative was used for coloring glass plate,the... | |
009252cfdc66bbc769a6 | The rapid pace at which knowledge is expanding and technological innovations are emerging presents both challenges and opportunities in imaging sciences. As workload and training demands increase, the ways in which we practice and train future practitioners must evolve to meet the new demands. For those involved in med... | |
0092b33041872a991f24 | Landscapes of Neolithic Ireland is the first volume to be devoted solely to the Irish Neolithic, using an innovative landscape and anthropological perspective to provide significant new insights on the period. Gabriel Cooney argues that the archaeological evidence demonstrates a much more complex picture than the curre... | |
0092e2e6bb39723ca6f7 | The frequency of winter cyclones in the North Atlantic is determined for 1957-2002 in the ERA-40 European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data set. The cyclone frequency shows distinct maxima for the intensity and the variability between southeastern Greenland and Iceland. The numbers of cy... | |
0093697720230d0d80be | Biases influence the decisions people make in everyday life, even if they are unaware of it. This behavior transfers into social interactions in virtual environments. These systems are becoming an ... | |
0094a205ba1f6fabeeb0 | Speckle interferometric technique is employed to record a series of hundreds of short-exposure images of several close binary stars with sub-arcsecond separation through a narrow band filter at the Cassegrain focus of the 2.34 meter (m) Vainu Bappu telescope (VBT), situated at Vainu Bappu Observatory (VBO), Kavalur, In... | |
009a859c865dbdc894dd | This paper describes a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole (RA) and domperidone (DO) in pure powder and in capsule formulations. An HPTLC method separation is achieved on an aluminum sheet of silica gel 60F(254) using ethyl acetate-methanol-benz... | |
009b2446a9223daf6501 | Calibration curves for standard 177 mm diameter Henry profile pole caps of an electromagnet coupled to a Faraday vacuum microbalance are obtained from absolute magnetic susceptibility measurements. The pole caps are at gaps of 4.0 cm, 4.5 cm and 5.0 cm for maximum magnetic field strengths ranging from 173 kA m-1 to 549... | |
009c077f58cbd8c2d79e | Objective To analyze the clinical application value of loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP)for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods A total of 80patients with CIN ofⅠ-Ⅲgrade were divided into observation group(40cases),receiving LEEP therapy,and control group(40cases),receiving cold... | |
009d9ec02d5dcc5174f9 | The skeletal distribution of Am and Pu in four human cases was compared with the skeletal distributions of these radioelements in baboons and monkeys. Excellent agreement was noted among the four human cases; data were available for Am in all four and Pu in three. A statistically significant correlation was found betwe... | |
009e80827df0afd63c51 | To grasp the connotations and requirements of the Party's giving top priority to development in governing and rejuvenating the country accuratly and in an all-round way, we should concentrate our efforts on “development”.For the country,the first two decades of the 21st century is a period of important strategic opport... | |
00a0248c9f243369bc2e | Education aims to serve economy.Based on difficult situation of college students' employment since global financial crisis in 2008 in China,especially English major students,this paper mainly analyzes how to cultivate talents of English major fit for our society and what kind of compound talents of English major availa... | |
00a0c349eeb9696ab17a | The paper presents a study of the admittance matrix of microwave networks in connection with microwave measurement techniques. Expressions are given, relating the elements of the admittance matrix to those of the scattering matrix. It is shown how the admittance matrix of a composite microwave network can be derived by... | |
00a1cd1ff9d30b8bee31 | With a stay at Hotel Capannelle in Rome (Cinecitta), you'll be within a 15-minute drive of Ippodromo Capannelle and Via Appia Nuova Shopping District. This 4-star hotel is 6.2 mi (10 km) from Colosseum and 6.3 mi (10.2 km) from Roman Forum. | |
00a29095a7c8d7358577 | Never in the last 2,000 years was the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic in the Fram Strait between Greenland and Svalbard as warm as today. This was revealed by a study of marine sediments from the western Svalbard continental margin which was led by researchers from IFM-GEOMAR. |
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S2ORC title–abstract — Training, unified schema
A seeded sample of sentence-transformers/s2orc, config title-abstract-pair, made into retrieval training pairs and reshaped into the strict schema shared by every dataset in this collection. One of the 15 domain sources (code, medical, science, finance, legal) added to the collection's general sources.
| Source | sentence-transformers/s2orc @ 8cfc394e83b2, config title-abstract-pair |
| Task | paper title → abstract |
| Domain · languages | science · eng |
| Queries / documents / qrels | 39,999 / 39,998 / 39,999 |
| Qrels per query | min 1 · mean 1.0 · max 1 |
| Score values | 2 ×39,999 (2: the first positive, 1: any other) |
| Layout | queries · corpus · qrels · hard-negatives · teacher-scores, split train |
| Splits | corpus: train · hard-negatives: train · qrels: train · queries: train · teacher-scores: train |
| Hard negatives | sources: dense · 3,960,932 rows |
| Teacher scores | none yet (0 rows): jinaai/jina-reranker-v3.5 scores come next |
| Ids | sha1(text)[:20]; identical texts collapse to one document / query |
| License | unspecified |
Schema
| config | columns | rules |
|---|---|---|
queries |
id: string, text: string |
ids unique and non-empty; every query has ≥ 1 qrel |
corpus |
id: string, title: string, text: string |
title is always present ("" when the source has none) |
qrels |
query-id: string, corpus-id: string, score: int32 |
referential integrity to both tables; no duplicate pairs; no floats |
hard-negatives |
query-id: string, corpus-id: string, rank: int32, source: string |
one row per negative; (query-id, corpus-id, source) unique; never a labelled positive of the same query |
teacher-scores |
query-id: string, corpus-id: string, teacher: string, score: float32 |
one row per scored pair (positives included); a row means scored — never a placeholder |
Files are Parquet, sorted by id, zstd-compressed, sharded at 500 MB. Every rule above is checked before publishing; provenance.json records the source revision, what changed, and the output file hashes.
What changed from the source
- sampled: a seeded random sample (seed 1) of up to 40,000 pairs, streamed through a shuffle buffer of 50,000
- reshaped: the paper title is the query, its abstract the document
- filtered: papers whose title is a test-corpus title were left out
- decontaminated (exact): a pair was dropped when its normalised query equals any evaluation query, or a positive equals a document of a test or dev corpus; a repeated query keeps its first pair
- decontaminated (near-duplicates): 1 passages that nearly copy an evaluation document some evaluation query judges relevant, and 0 queries that nearly copy an evaluation query (word 13-grams for passages, 8-grams for queries; at least half shared with one text of the 23 test sets (BEIR, RTEB, LitSearch) or the 6 dev sets) were removed, and with them 1 queries in total; near copies of evaluation-corpus documents that no evaluation query judges relevant were kept
- text: leading and trailing whitespace stripped; otherwise as converted above
- ids re-keyed to
sha1(text)[:20]: 0 documents and 0 queries collapsed into identical texts - added a
titlecolumn filled with""(the source has none)
Hard negatives and teacher scores
Filled by the collection's annotation pipeline (annotation=jina35). Interim: the candidates are final, the teacher scores are still to come.
- Candidates: dense retrieval with
jinaai/jina-embeddings-v5-text-smallover this corpus to depth 1,000; 100 candidates per query drawn from the rank windows 1–30 (30), 31–100 (30), 101–300 (20), 301–1000 (20), the query's labelled positives excluded.rankis the dense rank;sourceisdensefor a mined row anddatasetfor a negative the source labels itself. - Teacher scores: none yet.
teacher-scoresholds 0 rows until thejinaai/jina-reranker-v3.5scores (listwise, as in the other repositories) are filled in;datasetscannot return a 0-example split, so read that file withpyarrow/pandasmeanwhile. The candidates stay.
| configs | queries | hard negatives | teacher scores |
|---|---|---|---|
hard-negatives · teacher-scores |
39,999 (all) | 3,960,932 (3,960,932 dense) | 0 |
Load it
from datasets import load_dataset
queries = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-s2orc", "queries", split="train")
corpus = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-s2orc", "corpus", split="train")
qrels = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-s2orc", "qrels", split="train")
negatives = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-s2orc", "hard-negatives", split="train")
scores = load_dataset("Hyukkyu/train-s2orc", "teacher-scores", split="train")
License and attribution
The data is redistributed under the source's terms — unspecified. All credit belongs to the original authors; see the source repository (https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/s2orc). This repository is an independent repackaging.
No license declared upstream. The source repository states no redistribution terms. This copy is published for the reproducibility of our training data only; check with the original authors before any other use.
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