---
license: cc-by-4.0
language:
  - en
tags:
  - knowledge-graph
  - rdf
  - n-triples
  - parquet
  - llm-generated
pretty_name: GPTKB v2
size_categories:
  - 10M<n<100M
---

# GPTKB v2

Browse, query or ask the full knowledge base at
**[gptkb.org](https://gptkb.org/)**.

Two artifact lines, one knowledge base (snapshot `gpt51_270226`,
38,450,135 source facts):

| File | What it is |
| --- | --- |
| `gptkb_v2.0.1_rdf.nt.gz` | **Simplified RDF export. Use this one.** |
| `gptkb_v2.0.1_full_record/` | **The full six-term record**, as Parquet. |
| `gptkb_v2.0_rdf.nt.gz` | Superseded interim RDF export, kept for citability. |

## Simplified RDF export (`gptkb_v2.0.1_rdf.nt.gz`)

| | |
| --- | --- |
| Format | N-Triples, gzipped (425 MB; 4.1 GB uncompressed) |
| Size | 42,327,043 lines → **41,511,580 distinct triples** once loaded |
| sha256 | `202d9e32f28548ae661b3f8cf9db83411fe18a063702f9c98df4b553d750e801` |
| License | [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) |

The graph served by the SPARQL endpoint at
[gptkb.org/query](https://gptkb.org/query/). Entities, predicates and
concepts are ID-based IRIs:

```
<https://gptkb.org/entity/E0>    a person, place, work, …
<https://gptkb.org/prop/P0>      a predicate
<https://gptkb.org/concept/C0>   a class
```

The vocabulary is deliberately three predicates and no more:

| Predicate | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| `<https://gptkb.org/prop/P…>` | a disambiguated fact |
| `rdfs:label` | the canonical name of an entity, predicate or concept |
| `skos:altLabel` | **every surface form** observed for an entity |

Literals are plain RDF strings; typed literals (`xsd:date`,
`xsd:integer`) are deferred. Concepts carry no `rdfs:subClassOf`: the
source has no hierarchy to export.

**v2.0.1 vs the interim v2.0 file.** Same knowledge base, same
snapshot: the difference is how much of it the pipeline had
disambiguated at export time. The interim file was cut when roughly
half of the named-entity objects had been resolved to entity IDs;
facts whose object was still unresolved could mint no IRI and were
skipped. This re-export was cut after the disambiguation pipeline
completed: about one million further entities exist in the catalog,
named-entity coverage is ~99.8%, and only 62,600 of the 38,450,135
source facts remain unexportable. Concretely: the loaded graph grows
from 32.8M to 41.5M triples, and `E14` (United States of America) now
carries 168 `skos:altLabel` surface forms where the interim file had
127.

### Loading

```bash
# Virtuoso, QLever, Jena, rdflib: anything that reads N-Triples
gunzip -c gptkb_v2.0.1_rdf.nt.gz | head
```

Load into a named graph of `<https://gptkb.org/gptkb>` to match the
IRIs the file already carries.

## The full record (`gptkb_v2.0.1_full_record/`)

A fact in GPTKB v2 has **six** terms, not three: alongside the
disambiguated subject, predicate and object, it records the *wording*
each was stated with, and the provenance of how that wording was
resolved. A triple has nowhere to put either. In the RDF export,
`<E0> <P0> <C0>` appears five times because five differently worded
facts about Vannevar Bush resolve to it, and RDF set semantics keep
one. That collapse is the entire difference between the `.nt` file's
42,327,043 lines and the 41,511,580 triples a store loads from it.

This directory is the release the RDF export cannot be: the relational
tables themselves, streamed to Parquet (zstd) with every surface form,
pipeline status and batch id intact.

| Table | Rows | Contents |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `triples-0000*.parquet` (8 shards) | 38,450,135 | one row per fact: ids **and** surface labels for subject/predicate/object, object type + statuses, `object_description`, the 7 pipeline batch ids, `created_at` |
| `instance_triples.parquet` | 2,528,556 | the instanceOf specialization (entity → concept, + CD/CDG batch ids) |
| `entities.parquet` | 2,297,995 | entity catalog: id, canonical label, description, status, provenance |
| `predicates.parquet` | 207,633 | predicate catalog |
| `concepts.parquet` | 66,523 | concept catalog |
| `batches.parquet` | 123,444 | the provenance containers the batch-id columns point into |
| `manifest.json` | — | row counts, shard list, source snapshot |

Surface-form variation is preserved as distinct rows: "John Smith,
bornIn, NYC" and "Jane Smith, bornIn, Big Apple" are two rows even
when both objects resolve to the same `E…` id. The wording is the
disambiguation evidence, and it is the point of the project.

### Loading

```python
import duckdb
con = duckdb.connect()
con.sql("SELECT subject_label, predicate_label, object_label, object_id "
        "FROM 'gptkb_v2.0.1_full_record/triples-*.parquet' "
        "WHERE object_id = 'E14' LIMIT 10")
```

```python
import pandas as pd
entities = pd.read_parquet("gptkb_v2.0.1_full_record/entities.parquet")
```

All columns are nullable strings, faithful to the source; `created_at`
is the raw pipeline timestamp text.

## Earlier versions

The v1 line is archived separately and stays downloadable permanently:
[GPTKB_v1.5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Knowledge-aware-AI/GPTKB_v1.5)
and [GPTKB_v1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Knowledge-aware-AI/GPTKB_v1).
Note that v1 used label-based IRIs (`/entity/Vannevar_Bush`) where v2
uses ID-based ones (`/entity/E0`); the two are not interchangeable.

## Citation

The knowledge base is described in
[arXiv:2608.03729](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.03729) and its web
interface in [arXiv:2608.06992](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.06992);
see [gptkb.org/publications](https://gptkb.org/publications/) for the
current references and BibTeX.