{"query_id":0,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1901 and 1902?","answers":["Sully Prudhomme","Theodor Mommsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1901 and 1902?","answers":["Jacobus H. van 't Hoff","Emil Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":5,"text":"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 1, Mar, 1911, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1901 and 1902?","answers":["Henry Dunant","Frédéric Passy","Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1901 and 1902?","answers":["Emil von Behring","Ronald Ross"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":1,"text":"Emil von Behring\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1854, Hansdorf (now Lawice), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Mar, 1917, Marburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marburg University, Marburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":4,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1901 and 1902?","answers":["Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen","Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":0,"text":"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1901.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1845, Lennep (now Remscheid), Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1923, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":5,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1902 and 1903?","answers":["Theodor Mommsen","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":6,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1902 and 1903?","answers":["Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":7,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1902 and 1903?","answers":["Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun","Randal Cremer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":8,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1902 and 1903?","answers":["Ronald Ross","Niels Ryberg Finsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":9,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1902 and 1903?","answers":["Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":10,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1903 and 1904?","answers":["Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":11,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1903 and 1904?","answers":["Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":12,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1903 and 1904?","answers":["Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":13,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1903 and 1904?","answers":["Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":14,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1903 and 1904?","answers":["Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":15,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1904 and 1905?","answers":["José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":16,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1904 and 1905?","answers":["Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":17,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1904 and 1905?","answers":["Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":18,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1904 and 1905?","answers":["Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":19,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1904 and 1905?","answers":["Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":20,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1905 and 1906?","answers":["Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":21,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1905 and 1906?","answers":["Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":22,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1905 and 1906?","answers":["Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":23,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1905 and 1906?","answers":["Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":24,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1905 and 1906?","answers":["Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":25,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1906 and 1907?","answers":["Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":26,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1906 and 1907?","answers":["Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":27,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1906 and 1907?","answers":["Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":28,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1906 and 1907?","answers":["Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":29,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1906 and 1907?","answers":["J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":30,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1907 and 1908?","answers":["Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":31,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1907 and 1908?","answers":["Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":32,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1907 and 1908?","answers":["Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":33,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1907 and 1908?","answers":["Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":34,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1907 and 1908?","answers":["Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":35,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1908 and 1909?","answers":["Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":36,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1908 and 1909?","answers":["Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":37,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1908 and 1909?","answers":["Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":38,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1908 and 1909?","answers":["Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":39,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1908 and 1909?","answers":["Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":40,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1909 and 1910?","answers":["Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":41,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1909 and 1910?","answers":["Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":42,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1909 and 1910?","answers":["Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":43,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1909 and 1910?","answers":["Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":44,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1909 and 1910?","answers":["Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":45,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1910 and 1911?","answers":["Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":46,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1910 and 1911?","answers":["Otto Wallach","Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":47,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1910 and 1911?","answers":["Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":48,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1910 and 1911?","answers":["Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":49,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1910 and 1911?","answers":["Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":50,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1911 and 1912?","answers":["Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":51,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1911 and 1912?","answers":["Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":52,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1911 and 1912?","answers":["Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":53,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1911 and 1912?","answers":["Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":54,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1911 and 1912?","answers":["Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":55,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1912 and 1913?","answers":["Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":56,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1912 and 1913?","answers":["Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":57,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1912 and 1913?","answers":["Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":58,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1912 and 1913?","answers":["Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":59,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1912 and 1913?","answers":["Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":60,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1913 and 1914?","answers":["Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":61,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1913 and 1914?","answers":["Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":62,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1913 and 1914?","answers":["Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":63,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1913 and 1914?","answers":["Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":64,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1913 and 1914?","answers":["Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":65,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1914 and 1915?","answers":["Romain Rolland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":66,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1914 and 1915?","answers":["Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":67,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1914 and 1915?","answers":["Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":68,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1914 and 1915?","answers":["Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":69,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1915 and 1916?","answers":["Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":70,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1915 and 1916?","answers":["Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":71,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1915 and 1916?","answers":["William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":72,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1916 and 1917?","answers":["Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":73,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1916 and 1917?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":74,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1916 and 1917?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":75,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1917 and 1918?","answers":["Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":76,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1917 and 1918?","answers":["Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":77,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1917 and 1918?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":78,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1917 and 1918?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":79,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1918 and 1919?","answers":["Carl Spitteler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":80,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1918 and 1919?","answers":["Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":81,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1918 and 1919?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":82,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1918 and 1919?","answers":["Jules Bordet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":83,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1918 and 1919?","answers":["Max Planck","Johannes Stark"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":84,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1919 and 1920?","answers":["Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":85,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1919 and 1920?","answers":["Walther Nernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":86,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1919 and 1920?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":87,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1919 and 1920?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":88,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1919 and 1920?","answers":["Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":89,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1920 and 1921?","answers":["Knut Hamsun","Anatole France"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":90,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1920 and 1921?","answers":["Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":91,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1920 and 1921?","answers":["Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":92,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1920 and 1921?","answers":["August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":93,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1920 and 1921?","answers":["Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":94,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1921 and 1922?","answers":["Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":95,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1921 and 1922?","answers":["Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":96,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1921 and 1922?","answers":["Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":97,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1921 and 1922?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":98,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1921 and 1922?","answers":["Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":99,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1922 and 1923?","answers":["Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":100,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1922 and 1923?","answers":["Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":101,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1922 and 1923?","answers":["Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":102,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1922 and 1923?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":103,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1922 and 1923?","answers":["Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":104,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1923 and 1924?","answers":["William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":105,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1923 and 1924?","answers":["Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":106,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1923 and 1924?","answers":["Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":107,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1923 and 1924?","answers":["Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":108,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1924 and 1925?","answers":["Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":109,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1924 and 1925?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":110,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1924 and 1925?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":111,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1924 and 1925?","answers":["Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":112,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1924 and 1925?","answers":["Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":113,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1925 and 1926?","answers":["George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":114,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1925 and 1926?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":115,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1925 and 1926?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":116,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1925 and 1926?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":117,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1925 and 1926?","answers":["James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":118,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1926 and 1927?","answers":["Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":119,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1926 and 1927?","answers":["The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":120,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1926 and 1927?","answers":["Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":121,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1926 and 1927?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":122,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1926 and 1927?","answers":["Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":123,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1927 and 1928?","answers":["Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":124,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1927 and 1928?","answers":["Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":125,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1927 and 1928?","answers":["Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":126,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1927 and 1928?","answers":["Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":127,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1927 and 1928?","answers":["Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":128,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1928 and 1929?","answers":["Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":129,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1928 and 1929?","answers":["Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":130,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1928 and 1929?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":131,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1928 and 1929?","answers":["Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":132,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1928 and 1929?","answers":["Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":133,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1929 and 1930?","answers":["Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":134,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1929 and 1930?","answers":["Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":135,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1929 and 1930?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":136,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1929 and 1930?","answers":["Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":137,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1929 and 1930?","answers":["Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":138,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1930 and 1931?","answers":["Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":139,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1930 and 1931?","answers":["Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":140,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1930 and 1931?","answers":["Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":141,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1930 and 1931?","answers":["Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":142,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1930 and 1931?","answers":["Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":143,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1931 and 1932?","answers":["Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":144,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1931 and 1932?","answers":["Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":145,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1931 and 1932?","answers":["Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":146,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1931 and 1932?","answers":["Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":147,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1931 and 1932?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":148,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1932 and 1933?","answers":["John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":149,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1932 and 1933?","answers":["Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":150,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1932 and 1933?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":151,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1932 and 1933?","answers":["Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":152,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1932 and 1933?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":153,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1933 and 1934?","answers":["Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":154,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1933 and 1934?","answers":["Harold C. Urey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":155,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1933 and 1934?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":156,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1933 and 1934?","answers":["Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":157,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1933 and 1934?","answers":["Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":158,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1934 and 1935?","answers":["Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":159,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1934 and 1935?","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":160,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1934 and 1935?","answers":["Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":161,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1934 and 1935?","answers":["George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":162,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1934 and 1935?","answers":["James Chadwick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":163,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1935 and 1936?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":164,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1935 and 1936?","answers":["Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":165,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1935 and 1936?","answers":["Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":166,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1935 and 1936?","answers":["Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":167,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1935 and 1936?","answers":["James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":168,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1936 and 1937?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":169,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1936 and 1937?","answers":["Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":170,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1936 and 1937?","answers":["Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":171,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1936 and 1937?","answers":["Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":172,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1936 and 1937?","answers":["Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":173,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1937 and 1938?","answers":["Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":174,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1937 and 1938?","answers":["Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":175,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1937 and 1938?","answers":["Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":176,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1937 and 1938?","answers":["Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":177,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1937 and 1938?","answers":["George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":178,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1938 and 1939?","answers":["Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":179,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1938 and 1939?","answers":["Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":180,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1938 and 1939?","answers":["Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":181,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1938 and 1939?","answers":["Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":182,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1938 and 1939?","answers":["Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":183,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1939 and 1940?","answers":["Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":184,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1939 and 1940?","answers":["Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":185,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1939 and 1940?","answers":["Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":186,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1939 and 1940?","answers":["Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":187,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1942 and 1943?","answers":["George de Hevesy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":188,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1942 and 1943?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":189,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1942 and 1943?","answers":["Otto Stern"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":190,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1943 and 1944?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":191,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1943 and 1944?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":192,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1943 and 1944?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":193,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1943 and 1944?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":194,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1943 and 1944?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":195,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1944 and 1945?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":196,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1944 and 1945?","answers":["Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":197,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1944 and 1945?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":198,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1944 and 1945?","answers":["Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":199,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1944 and 1945?","answers":["Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":200,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1945 and 1946?","answers":["Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":201,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1945 and 1946?","answers":["Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":202,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1945 and 1946?","answers":["Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":203,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1945 and 1946?","answers":["Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":204,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1945 and 1946?","answers":["Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":205,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1946 and 1947?","answers":["Hermann Hesse","André Gide"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":206,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1946 and 1947?","answers":["James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":207,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1946 and 1947?","answers":["John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":208,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1946 and 1947?","answers":["Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":209,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1946 and 1947?","answers":["Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":210,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1947 and 1948?","answers":["André Gide","T.S. Eliot"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":211,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1947 and 1948?","answers":["Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":212,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1947 and 1948?","answers":["Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":213,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1947 and 1948?","answers":["Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":214,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1947 and 1948?","answers":["Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":215,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1948 and 1949?","answers":["T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":216,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1948 and 1949?","answers":["Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":217,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1948 and 1949?","answers":["John Boyd Orr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":218,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1948 and 1949?","answers":["Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":219,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1948 and 1949?","answers":["Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":220,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1949 and 1950?","answers":["William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":221,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1949 and 1950?","answers":["William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":222,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1949 and 1950?","answers":["John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":223,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1949 and 1950?","answers":["Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":224,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1949 and 1950?","answers":["Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":225,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1950 and 1951?","answers":["Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":226,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1950 and 1951?","answers":["Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":227,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1950 and 1951?","answers":["Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":228,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1950 and 1951?","answers":["Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":229,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1950 and 1951?","answers":["Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":230,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1951 and 1952?","answers":["Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":231,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1951 and 1952?","answers":["Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":232,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1951 and 1952?","answers":["Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":233,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1951 and 1952?","answers":["Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":234,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1951 and 1952?","answers":["Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":235,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1952 and 1953?","answers":["François Mauriac","Winston Churchill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":236,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1952 and 1953?","answers":["Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":237,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1952 and 1953?","answers":["Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":238,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1952 and 1953?","answers":["Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":239,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1952 and 1953?","answers":["Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":240,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1953 and 1954?","answers":["Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":241,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1953 and 1954?","answers":["Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":242,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1953 and 1954?","answers":["George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":243,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1953 and 1954?","answers":["Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":244,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1953 and 1954?","answers":["Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":245,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1954 and 1955?","answers":["Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":246,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1954 and 1955?","answers":["Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":247,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1954 and 1955?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":248,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1954 and 1955?","answers":["John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":249,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1954 and 1955?","answers":["Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":250,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1955 and 1956?","answers":["Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":251,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1955 and 1956?","answers":["Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":252,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1955 and 1956?","answers":["Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":253,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1955 and 1956?","answers":["Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":254,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1956 and 1957?","answers":["Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":255,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1956 and 1957?","answers":["Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":256,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1956 and 1957?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":257,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1956 and 1957?","answers":["Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":258,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1956 and 1957?","answers":["Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley","Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":259,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1957 and 1958?","answers":["Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":260,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1957 and 1958?","answers":["Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":261,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1957 and 1958?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":262,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1957 and 1958?","answers":["Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":263,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1957 and 1958?","answers":["Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee","Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":264,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1958 and 1959?","answers":["Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":265,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1958 and 1959?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":266,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1958 and 1959?","answers":["Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":267,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1958 and 1959?","answers":["Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":268,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1958 and 1959?","answers":["Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":269,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1959 and 1960?","answers":["Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":270,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1959 and 1960?","answers":["Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":271,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1959 and 1960?","answers":["Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":272,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1959 and 1960?","answers":["Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa","Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":273,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1959 and 1960?","answers":["Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":274,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1960 and 1961?","answers":["Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":275,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1960 and 1961?","answers":["Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":276,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1960 and 1961?","answers":["Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":277,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1960 and 1961?","answers":["Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":278,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1960 and 1961?","answers":["Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":279,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1961 and 1962?","answers":["Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":280,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1961 and 1962?","answers":["Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":281,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1961 and 1962?","answers":["Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":282,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1961 and 1962?","answers":["Georg von Békésy","Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":283,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1961 and 1962?","answers":["Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":284,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1962 and 1963?","answers":["John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":285,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1962 and 1963?","answers":["John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":286,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1962 and 1963?","answers":["Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":287,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1962 and 1963?","answers":["Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick","Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":288,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1962 and 1963?","answers":["Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":289,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1963 and 1964?","answers":["Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":290,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1963 and 1964?","answers":["Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":291,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1963 and 1964?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":292,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1963 and 1964?","answers":["Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles","Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":293,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1963 and 1964?","answers":["J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer","Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":294,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1964 and 1965?","answers":["Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":295,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1964 and 1965?","answers":["Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":296,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1964 and 1965?","answers":["Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":297,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1964 and 1965?","answers":["Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch","François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":298,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1964 and 1965?","answers":["Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":299,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1965 and 1966?","answers":["Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":300,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1965 and 1966?","answers":["Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":301,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1965 and 1966?","answers":["United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":302,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1965 and 1966?","answers":["François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod","Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":303,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1965 and 1966?","answers":["Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":304,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1966 and 1967?","answers":["Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":305,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1966 and 1967?","answers":["Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":306,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1966 and 1967?","answers":["Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous","Ragnar Granit","George Wald","Keffer Hartline"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":377,"text":"George Wald\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1906, New York NY, USA\nDied: 12, Apr, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":382,"text":"Keffer Hartline\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1903, Bloomsburg PA, USA\nDied: 17, Mar, 1983, Fallston MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":307,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1966 and 1967?","answers":["Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":308,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1967 and 1968?","answers":["Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":309,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1967 and 1968?","answers":["George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":310,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1967 and 1968?","answers":["René Cassin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":311,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1967 and 1968?","answers":["Ragnar Granit","George Wald","Keffer Hartline","H. Gobind Khorana","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Robert W. Holley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":377,"text":"George Wald\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1906, New York NY, USA\nDied: 12, Apr, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":382,"text":"Keffer Hartline\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1903, Bloomsburg PA, USA\nDied: 17, Mar, 1983, Fallston MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":312,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1967 and 1968?","answers":["Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":313,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1968 and 1969?","answers":["Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":314,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1968 and 1969?","answers":["Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":315,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1968 and 1969?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":316,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1968 and 1969?","answers":["H. Gobind Khorana","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Robert W. Holley","Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":317,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1968 and 1969?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":318,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1968 and 1969?","answers":["Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":319,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1969 and 1970?","answers":["Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":320,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1969 and 1970?","answers":["Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":321,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1969 and 1970?","answers":["International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":322,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1969 and 1970?","answers":["Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück","Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":323,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1969 and 1970?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":324,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1969 and 1970?","answers":["Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":325,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1970 and 1971?","answers":["Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":326,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1970 and 1971?","answers":["Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":327,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1970 and 1971?","answers":["Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":328,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1970 and 1971?","answers":["Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz","Earl W. Sutherland Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":329,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1970 and 1971?","answers":["Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":330,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1970 and 1971?","answers":["Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":331,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1971 and 1972?","answers":["Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":332,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1971 and 1972?","answers":["Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":333,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1971 and 1972?","answers":["Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":334,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1971 and 1972?","answers":["Earl W. Sutherland Jr.","Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":335,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1971 and 1972?","answers":["Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":336,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1971 and 1972?","answers":["Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":337,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1972 and 1973?","answers":["Heinrich Böll","Patrick White"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":338,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1972 and 1973?","answers":["Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":339,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1972 and 1973?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":340,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1972 and 1973?","answers":["Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter","Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":341,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1972 and 1973?","answers":["Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":342,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1972 and 1973?","answers":["Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer","Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":343,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1973 and 1974?","answers":["Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":344,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1973 and 1974?","answers":["Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":345,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1973 and 1974?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":346,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1973 and 1974?","answers":["Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen","Christian de Duve","George E. Palade","Albert Claude"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":347,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1973 and 1974?","answers":["Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":348,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1973 and 1974?","answers":["Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever","Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":349,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1974 and 1975?","answers":["Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":350,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1974 and 1975?","answers":["Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":351,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1974 and 1975?","answers":["Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":352,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1974 and 1975?","answers":["Christian de Duve","George E. Palade","Albert Claude","Howard M. Temin","David Baltimore","Renato Dulbecco"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":453,"text":"Howard M. Temin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1934, Philadelphia PA, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 1994, Madison WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":460,"text":"David Baltimore\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":461,"text":"Renato Dulbecco\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1914, Catanzaro, Italy\nDied: 19, Feb, 2012, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":353,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1974 and 1975?","answers":["Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":354,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1974 and 1975?","answers":["Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle","Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":355,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1975 and 1976?","answers":["Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":356,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1975 and 1976?","answers":["John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":357,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1975 and 1976?","answers":["Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":358,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1975 and 1976?","answers":["Howard M. Temin","David Baltimore","Renato Dulbecco","Baruch S. Blumberg","D. Carleton Gajdusek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":453,"text":"Howard M. Temin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1934, Philadelphia PA, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 1994, Madison WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":460,"text":"David Baltimore\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":461,"text":"Renato Dulbecco\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1914, Catanzaro, Italy\nDied: 19, Feb, 2012, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":468,"text":"Baruch S. Blumberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 2011, Moffett Field CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":469,"text":"D. Carleton Gajdusek\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1923, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 12, Dec, 2008, Tromsø, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":359,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1975 and 1976?","answers":["Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":360,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1975 and 1976?","answers":["Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater","Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":361,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1976 and 1977?","answers":["Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":362,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1976 and 1977?","answers":["William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":363,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1976 and 1977?","answers":["Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":364,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1976 and 1977?","answers":["Baruch S. Blumberg","D. Carleton Gajdusek","Andrew V. Schally","Rosalyn Yalow","Roger Guillemin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":468,"text":"Baruch S. Blumberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 2011, Moffett Field CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":469,"text":"D. Carleton Gajdusek\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1923, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 12, Dec, 2008, Tromsø, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":477,"text":"Andrew V. Schally\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1926, Wilno (now Vilnius), Poland (now Lithuania)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans LA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":480,"text":"Roger Guillemin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1924, Dijon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Salk Institute, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":365,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1976 and 1977?","answers":["Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":366,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1976 and 1977?","answers":["Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting","Philip W. Anderson","Sir Nevill F. Mott","John H. Van Vleck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":472,"text":"Philip W. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1923, Indianapolis IN, USA\nDied: 29, Mar, 2020, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":475,"text":"Sir Nevill F. Mott\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1905, Leeds, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1996, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":367,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1977 and 1978?","answers":["Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":368,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1977 and 1978?","answers":["Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":369,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1977 and 1978?","answers":["Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":370,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1977 and 1978?","answers":["Andrew V. Schally","Rosalyn Yalow","Roger Guillemin","Hamilton O. Smith","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":477,"text":"Andrew V. Schally\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1926, Wilno (now Vilnius), Poland (now Lithuania)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans LA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":480,"text":"Roger Guillemin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1924, Dijon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Salk Institute, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":371,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1977 and 1978?","answers":["James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":372,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1977 and 1978?","answers":["Philip W. Anderson","Sir Nevill F. Mott","John H. Van Vleck","Arno Penzias","Robert Woodrow Wilson","Pyotr Kapitsa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":472,"text":"Philip W. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1923, Indianapolis IN, USA\nDied: 29, Mar, 2020, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":475,"text":"Sir Nevill F. Mott\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1905, Leeds, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1996, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":485,"text":"Arno Penzias\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1933, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":489,"text":"Robert Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1936, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":492,"text":"Pyotr Kapitsa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1894, Kronshtadt, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 8, Apr, 1984, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":373,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1978 and 1979?","answers":["Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":374,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1978 and 1979?","answers":["Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":375,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1978 and 1979?","answers":["Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":376,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1978 and 1979?","answers":["Hamilton O. Smith","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber","Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Allan M. Cormack"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":502,"text":"Allan M. Cormack\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1924, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 7, May, 1998, Winchester MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tufts University, Medford MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":377,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1978 and 1979?","answers":["Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":378,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1978 and 1979?","answers":["Arno Penzias","Robert Woodrow Wilson","Pyotr Kapitsa","Sheldon Glashow","Steven Weinberg","Abdus Salam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":485,"text":"Arno Penzias\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1933, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":489,"text":"Robert Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1936, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":492,"text":"Pyotr Kapitsa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1894, Kronshtadt, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 8, Apr, 1984, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":499,"text":"Sheldon Glashow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1932, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":500,"text":"Steven Weinberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 3, May, 1933, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Austin TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":504,"text":"Abdus Salam\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1926, Jhang Maghiāna, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Nov, 1996, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":379,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1979 and 1980?","answers":["Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":380,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1979 and 1980?","answers":["Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":381,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1979 and 1980?","answers":["Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":382,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1979 and 1980?","answers":["Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Allan M. Cormack","Jean Dausset","Baruj Benacerraf","George D. Snell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":502,"text":"Allan M. Cormack\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1924, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 7, May, 1998, Winchester MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tufts University, Medford MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":506,"text":"Jean Dausset\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France\nDied: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":515,"text":"George D. Snell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":383,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1979 and 1980?","answers":["Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":384,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1979 and 1980?","answers":["Sheldon Glashow","Steven Weinberg","Abdus Salam","Val Fitch","James Cronin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":499,"text":"Sheldon Glashow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1932, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":500,"text":"Steven Weinberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 3, May, 1933, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Austin TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":504,"text":"Abdus Salam\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1926, Jhang Maghiāna, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Nov, 1996, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":385,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1980 and 1981?","answers":["Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":386,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1980 and 1981?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":387,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1980 and 1981?","answers":["Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":388,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1980 and 1981?","answers":["Jean Dausset","Baruj Benacerraf","George D. Snell","David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":506,"text":"Jean Dausset\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France\nDied: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":515,"text":"George D. Snell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":389,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1980 and 1981?","answers":["Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":390,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1980 and 1981?","answers":["Val Fitch","James Cronin","Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":391,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1981 and 1982?","answers":["Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":392,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1981 and 1982?","answers":["Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":393,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1981 and 1982?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":394,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1981 and 1982?","answers":["David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel","John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":395,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1981 and 1982?","answers":["James Tobin","George J. Stigler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":396,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1981 and 1982?","answers":["Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":397,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1982 and 1983?","answers":["Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":398,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1982 and 1983?","answers":["Aaron Klug","Henry Taube"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":399,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1982 and 1983?","answers":["Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":400,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1982 and 1983?","answers":["John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson","Barbara McClintock"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":401,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1982 and 1983?","answers":["George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":402,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1982 and 1983?","answers":["Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":403,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1983 and 1984?","answers":["William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":404,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1983 and 1984?","answers":["Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":405,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1983 and 1984?","answers":["Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":406,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1983 and 1984?","answers":["Barbara McClintock","Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":407,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1983 and 1984?","answers":["Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":408,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1983 and 1984?","answers":["William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":409,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1984 and 1985?","answers":["Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":410,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1984 and 1985?","answers":["Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":411,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1984 and 1985?","answers":["Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":412,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1984 and 1985?","answers":["Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein","Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":413,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1984 and 1985?","answers":["Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":414,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1984 and 1985?","answers":["Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":415,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1985 and 1986?","answers":["Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":416,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1985 and 1986?","answers":["Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle","Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":417,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1985 and 1986?","answers":["International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":418,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1985 and 1986?","answers":["Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":419,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1985 and 1986?","answers":["Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":420,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1985 and 1986?","answers":["Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":421,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1986 and 1987?","answers":["Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":422,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1986 and 1987?","answers":["Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee","Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":423,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1986 and 1987?","answers":["Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":424,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1986 and 1987?","answers":["Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":425,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1986 and 1987?","answers":["James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":426,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1986 and 1987?","answers":["Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska","K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":427,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1987 and 1988?","answers":["Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":428,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1987 and 1988?","answers":["Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram","Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":429,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1987 and 1988?","answers":["Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":430,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1987 and 1988?","answers":["Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":431,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1987 and 1988?","answers":["Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":432,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1987 and 1988?","answers":["K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz","Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":433,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1988 and 1989?","answers":["Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":434,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1988 and 1989?","answers":["Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer","Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":435,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1988 and 1989?","answers":["United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":436,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1988 and 1989?","answers":["George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":437,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1988 and 1989?","answers":["Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":438,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1988 and 1989?","answers":["Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman","Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":439,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1989 and 1990?","answers":["Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":440,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1989 and 1990?","answers":["Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":441,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1989 and 1990?","answers":["Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":442,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1989 and 1990?","answers":["J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":443,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1989 and 1990?","answers":["Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":444,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1989 and 1990?","answers":["Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul","Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":445,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1990 and 1991?","answers":["Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":446,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1990 and 1991?","answers":["Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":447,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1990 and 1991?","answers":["Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":448,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1990 and 1991?","answers":["Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":449,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1990 and 1991?","answers":["Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":450,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1990 and 1991?","answers":["Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":451,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1991 and 1992?","answers":["Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":452,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1991 and 1992?","answers":["Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":453,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1991 and 1992?","answers":["Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":454,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1991 and 1992?","answers":["Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":455,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1991 and 1992?","answers":["Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":456,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1991 and 1992?","answers":["Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":457,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1992 and 1993?","answers":["Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":458,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1992 and 1993?","answers":["Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":459,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1992 and 1993?","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":460,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1992 and 1993?","answers":["Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":461,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1992 and 1993?","answers":["Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":462,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1992 and 1993?","answers":["Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":463,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1993 and 1994?","answers":["Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":464,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1993 and 1994?","answers":["Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":465,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1993 and 1994?","answers":["F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":466,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1993 and 1994?","answers":["Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":467,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1993 and 1994?","answers":["Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":468,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1993 and 1994?","answers":["Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":469,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1994 and 1995?","answers":["Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":470,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1994 and 1995?","answers":["George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":471,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1994 and 1995?","answers":["Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":472,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1994 and 1995?","answers":["Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell","Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":473,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1994 and 1995?","answers":["John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":474,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1994 and 1995?","answers":["Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":475,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1995 and 1996?","answers":["Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":476,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1995 and 1996?","answers":["Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland","Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":477,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1995 and 1996?","answers":["Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":478,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1995 and 1996?","answers":["Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":479,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1995 and 1996?","answers":["Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":480,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1995 and 1996?","answers":["Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl","David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":481,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1996 and 1997?","answers":["Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":482,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1996 and 1997?","answers":["Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto","John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":483,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1996 and 1997?","answers":["Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":484,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1996 and 1997?","answers":["Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":485,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1996 and 1997?","answers":["William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":486,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1996 and 1997?","answers":["David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff","William D. Phillips","Claude Cohen-Tannoudji","Steven Chu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":682,"text":"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1933, Constantine, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":487,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1997 and 1998?","answers":["Dario Fo","José Saramago"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":488,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1997 and 1998?","answers":["John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer","Walter Kohn","John Pople"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":489,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1997 and 1998?","answers":["Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":490,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1997 and 1998?","answers":["Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":491,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1997 and 1998?","answers":["Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":492,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1997 and 1998?","answers":["William D. Phillips","Claude Cohen-Tannoudji","Steven Chu","Horst L. Störmer","Daniel C. Tsui","Robert B. Laughlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":682,"text":"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1933, Constantine, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":688,"text":"Horst L. Störmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1949, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":690,"text":"Daniel C. Tsui\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1939, Henan, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":698,"text":"Robert B. Laughlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1950, Visalia CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":493,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1998 and 1999?","answers":["José Saramago","Günter Grass"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":494,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1998 and 1999?","answers":["Walter Kohn","John Pople","Ahmed Zewail"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":495,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1998 and 1999?","answers":["John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":496,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1998 and 1999?","answers":["Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":497,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1998 and 1999?","answers":["Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":498,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1998 and 1999?","answers":["Horst L. Störmer","Daniel C. Tsui","Robert B. Laughlin","Martinus J.G. Veltman","Gerardus 't Hooft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":688,"text":"Horst L. Störmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1949, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":690,"text":"Daniel C. Tsui\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1939, Henan, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":698,"text":"Robert B. Laughlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1950, Visalia CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":702,"text":"Martinus J.G. Veltman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1931, Waalwijk, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Jan, 2021, Bilthoven, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":703,"text":"Gerardus 't Hooft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1946, Den Helder, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":499,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1999 and 2000?","answers":["Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":500,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1999 and 2000?","answers":["Ahmed Zewail","Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":501,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1999 and 2000?","answers":["Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":502,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1999 and 2000?","answers":["Günter Blobel","Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":503,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1999 and 2000?","answers":["Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":504,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1999 and 2000?","answers":["Martinus J.G. Veltman","Gerardus 't Hooft","Herbert Kroemer","Zhores Alferov","Jack Kilby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":702,"text":"Martinus J.G. Veltman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1931, Waalwijk, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Jan, 2021, Bilthoven, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":703,"text":"Gerardus 't Hooft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1946, Den Helder, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":713,"text":"Herbert Kroemer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1928, Weimar, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":714,"text":"Zhores Alferov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vitebsk Belorussia, USSR (now Belarus)\nDied: 1, Mar, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":718,"text":"Jack Kilby\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1923, Jefferson City MO, USA\nDied: 20, Jun, 2005, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Texas Instruments, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":505,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2000 and 2001?","answers":["Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":506,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2000 and 2001?","answers":["Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger","Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":507,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2000 and 2001?","answers":["Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":508,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2000 and 2001?","answers":["Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson","Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":509,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2000 and 2001?","answers":["Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":510,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2000 and 2001?","answers":["Herbert Kroemer","Zhores Alferov","Jack Kilby","Carl Wieman","Wolfgang Ketterle","Eric Cornell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":713,"text":"Herbert Kroemer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1928, Weimar, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":714,"text":"Zhores Alferov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vitebsk Belorussia, USSR (now Belarus)\nDied: 1, Mar, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":718,"text":"Jack Kilby\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1923, Jefferson City MO, USA\nDied: 20, Jun, 2005, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Texas Instruments, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":728,"text":"Carl Wieman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1951, Corvallis OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":511,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2001 and 2002?","answers":["V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":512,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2001 and 2002?","answers":["Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles","Kurt Wüthrich","Koichi Tanaka","John B. Fenn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":739,"text":"John B. Fenn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 10, Dec, 2010, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":513,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2001 and 2002?","answers":["Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":514,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2001 and 2002?","answers":["Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell","John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":515,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2001 and 2002?","answers":["George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":516,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2001 and 2002?","answers":["Carl Wieman","Wolfgang Ketterle","Eric Cornell","Masatoshi Koshiba","Raymond Davis Jr.","Riccardo Giacconi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":728,"text":"Carl Wieman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1951, Corvallis OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":741,"text":"Masatoshi Koshiba\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1926, Toyohashi, Japan\nDied: 12, Nov, 2020, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":742,"text":"Raymond Davis Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1914, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 31, May, 2006, Blue Point NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":746,"text":"Riccardo Giacconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1931, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 16, Dec, 2018, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Associated Universities Inc., Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":517,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2002 and 2003?","answers":["Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":518,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2002 and 2003?","answers":["Kurt Wüthrich","Koichi Tanaka","John B. Fenn","Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":739,"text":"John B. Fenn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 10, Dec, 2010, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":519,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2002 and 2003?","answers":["Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":520,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2002 and 2003?","answers":["John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner","Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":521,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2002 and 2003?","answers":["Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":522,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2002 and 2003?","answers":["Masatoshi Koshiba","Raymond Davis Jr.","Riccardo Giacconi","Anthony J. Leggett","Vitaly L. Ginzburg","Alexei Abrikosov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":741,"text":"Masatoshi Koshiba\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1926, Toyohashi, Japan\nDied: 12, Nov, 2020, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":742,"text":"Raymond Davis Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1914, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 31, May, 2006, Blue Point NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":746,"text":"Riccardo Giacconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1931, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 16, Dec, 2018, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Associated Universities Inc., Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":752,"text":"Anthony J. Leggett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1938, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":753,"text":"Vitaly L. Ginzburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1916, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":757,"text":"Alexei Abrikosov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1928, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 29, Mar, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":523,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2003 and 2004?","answers":["J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":524,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2003 and 2004?","answers":["Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre","Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":525,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2003 and 2004?","answers":["Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":526,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2003 and 2004?","answers":["Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur","Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":527,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2003 and 2004?","answers":["Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":528,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2003 and 2004?","answers":["Anthony J. Leggett","Vitaly L. Ginzburg","Alexei Abrikosov","David J. Gross","Frank Wilczek","H. David Politzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":752,"text":"Anthony J. Leggett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1938, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":753,"text":"Vitaly L. Ginzburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1916, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":757,"text":"Alexei Abrikosov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1928, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 29, Mar, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":529,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2004 and 2005?","answers":["Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":530,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2004 and 2005?","answers":["Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover","Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":531,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2004 and 2005?","answers":["Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":532,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2004 and 2005?","answers":["Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel","J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":533,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2004 and 2005?","answers":["Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":534,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2004 and 2005?","answers":["David J. Gross","Frank Wilczek","H. David Politzer","Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":535,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2005 and 2006?","answers":["Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":536,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2005 and 2006?","answers":["Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin","Roger D. Kornberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":537,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2005 and 2006?","answers":["Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":538,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2005 and 2006?","answers":["J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall","Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":539,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2005 and 2006?","answers":["Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":540,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2005 and 2006?","answers":["Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber","George F. Smoot","John C. Mather"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":541,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2006 and 2007?","answers":["Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":542,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2006 and 2007?","answers":["Roger D. Kornberg","Gerhard Ertl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":543,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2006 and 2007?","answers":["Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":544,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2006 and 2007?","answers":["Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire","Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":545,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2006 and 2007?","answers":["Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":546,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2006 and 2007?","answers":["George F. Smoot","John C. Mather","Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":547,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2007 and 2008?","answers":["Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":548,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2007 and 2008?","answers":["Gerhard Ertl","Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":549,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2007 and 2008?","answers":["Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":550,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2007 and 2008?","answers":["Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi","Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":551,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2007 and 2008?","answers":["Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":552,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2007 and 2008?","answers":["Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg","Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":553,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2008 and 2009?","answers":["Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":554,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2008 and 2009?","answers":["Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura","Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":555,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2008 and 2009?","answers":["Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":556,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2008 and 2009?","answers":["Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen","Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":557,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2008 and 2009?","answers":["Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":558,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2008 and 2009?","answers":["Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi","George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":559,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2009 and 2010?","answers":["Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":560,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2009 and 2010?","answers":["Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":561,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2009 and 2010?","answers":["Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":562,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2009 and 2010?","answers":["Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn","Robert G. Edwards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":563,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2009 and 2010?","answers":["Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":564,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2009 and 2010?","answers":["George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle","Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":565,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2010 and 2011?","answers":["Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":566,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2010 and 2011?","answers":["Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi","Dan Shechtman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":567,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2010 and 2011?","answers":["Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":568,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2010 and 2011?","answers":["Robert G. Edwards","Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":569,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2010 and 2011?","answers":["Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":570,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2010 and 2011?","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim","Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":571,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2011 and 2012?","answers":["Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":572,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2011 and 2012?","answers":["Dan Shechtman","Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":573,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2011 and 2012?","answers":["Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":574,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2011 and 2012?","answers":["Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler","Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":575,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2011 and 2012?","answers":["Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":576,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2011 and 2012?","answers":["Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess","Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":577,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2012 and 2013?","answers":["Mo Yan","Alice Munro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":578,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2012 and 2013?","answers":["Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz","Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":579,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2012 and 2013?","answers":["European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":580,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2012 and 2013?","answers":["Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon","Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":581,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2012 and 2013?","answers":["Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":582,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2012 and 2013?","answers":["Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland","Peter Higgs","François Englert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":583,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2013 and 2014?","answers":["Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":584,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2013 and 2014?","answers":["Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus","William E. Moerner","Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":585,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2013 and 2014?","answers":["Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":586,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2013 and 2014?","answers":["Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman","Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":587,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2013 and 2014?","answers":["Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":588,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2013 and 2014?","answers":["Peter Higgs","François Englert","Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":589,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2014 and 2015?","answers":["Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":590,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2014 and 2015?","answers":["William E. Moerner","Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig","Aziz Sancar","Paul Modrich","Tomas Lindahl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":892,"text":"Aziz Sancar\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1946, Savur, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":893,"text":"Paul Modrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1946, Raton NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":894,"text":"Tomas Lindahl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1938, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":591,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2014 and 2015?","answers":["Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":592,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2014 and 2015?","answers":["Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe","Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":593,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2014 and 2015?","answers":["Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":594,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2014 and 2015?","answers":["Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura","Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":595,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2015 and 2016?","answers":["Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":596,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2015 and 2016?","answers":["Aziz Sancar","Paul Modrich","Tomas Lindahl","Bernard L. Feringa","Sir J. Fraser Stoddart","Jean-Pierre Sauvage"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":892,"text":"Aziz Sancar\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1946, Savur, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":893,"text":"Paul Modrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1946, Raton NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":894,"text":"Tomas Lindahl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1938, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":904,"text":"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1942, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":910,"text":"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":597,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2015 and 2016?","answers":["National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":598,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2015 and 2016?","answers":["Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell","Yoshinori Ohsumi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":599,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2015 and 2016?","answers":["Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":600,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2015 and 2016?","answers":["Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald","J. Michael Kosterlitz","F. Duncan M. Haldane","David J. Thouless"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":906,"text":"J. Michael Kosterlitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1943, Aberdeen, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":908,"text":"David J. Thouless\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1934, Bearsden, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Apr, 2019, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":601,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2016 and 2017?","answers":["Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":602,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2016 and 2017?","answers":["Bernard L. Feringa","Sir J. Fraser Stoddart","Jean-Pierre Sauvage","Richard Henderson","Joachim Frank","Jacques Dubochet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":904,"text":"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1942, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":910,"text":"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":913,"text":"Richard Henderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":914,"text":"Joachim Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1940, Siegen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":915,"text":"Jacques Dubochet\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1942, Aigle, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":603,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2016 and 2017?","answers":["Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":604,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2016 and 2017?","answers":["Yoshinori Ohsumi","Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":605,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2016 and 2017?","answers":["Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":606,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2016 and 2017?","answers":["J. Michael Kosterlitz","F. Duncan M. Haldane","David J. Thouless","Kip S. Thorne","Rainer Weiss","Barry C. Barish"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":906,"text":"J. Michael Kosterlitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1943, Aberdeen, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":908,"text":"David J. Thouless\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1934, Bearsden, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Apr, 2019, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":916,"text":"Kip S. Thorne\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1940, Logan UT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":918,"text":"Rainer Weiss\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1932, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":922,"text":"Barry C. Barish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Omaha NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":607,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2017 and 2018?","answers":["Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":608,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2017 and 2018?","answers":["Richard Henderson","Joachim Frank","Jacques Dubochet","Sir Gregory P. Winter","George P. Smith","Frances H. Arnold"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":913,"text":"Richard Henderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":914,"text":"Joachim Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1940, Siegen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":915,"text":"Jacques Dubochet\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1942, Aigle, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":929,"text":"George P. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1941, Norwalk CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":609,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2017 and 2018?","answers":["International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":610,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2017 and 2018?","answers":["Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall","Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":611,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2017 and 2018?","answers":["Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":612,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2017 and 2018?","answers":["Kip S. Thorne","Rainer Weiss","Barry C. Barish","Gérard Mourou","Arthur Ashkin","Donna Strickland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":916,"text":"Kip S. Thorne\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1940, Logan UT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":918,"text":"Rainer Weiss\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1932, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":922,"text":"Barry C. Barish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Omaha NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":931,"text":"Gérard Mourou\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1944, Albertville, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":932,"text":"Arthur Ashkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Sep, 2020, Rumson NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":613,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2018 and 2019?","answers":["Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":614,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2018 and 2019?","answers":["Sir Gregory P. Winter","George P. Smith","Frances H. Arnold","Akira Yoshino","M. Stanley Whittingham","John Goodenough"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":929,"text":"George P. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1941, Norwalk CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":941,"text":"M. Stanley Whittingham\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1941, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Binghamton University State University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":615,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2018 and 2019?","answers":["Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":616,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2018 and 2019?","answers":["Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison","Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":617,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2018 and 2019?","answers":["Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":618,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2018 and 2019?","answers":["Gérard Mourou","Arthur Ashkin","Donna Strickland","Didier Queloz","Michel Mayor","James Peebles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":931,"text":"Gérard Mourou\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1944, Albertville, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":932,"text":"Arthur Ashkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Sep, 2020, Rumson NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":944,"text":"Michel Mayor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":945,"text":"James Peebles\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1935, Winnipeg, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":619,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2019 and 2020?","answers":["Peter Handke","Louise Glück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":620,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2019 and 2020?","answers":["Akira Yoshino","M. Stanley Whittingham","John Goodenough","Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":941,"text":"M. Stanley Whittingham\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1941, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Binghamton University State University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":621,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2019 and 2020?","answers":["Abiy Ahmed Ali","World Food Programme "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"},{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":622,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2019 and 2020?","answers":["Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin","Charles Rice","Michael Houghton","Harvey Alter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":958,"text":"Charles Rice\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1952, Sacramento CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":959,"text":"Michael Houghton\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 1949, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":960,"text":"Harvey Alter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1935, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":623,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2019 and 2020?","answers":["Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo","Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":624,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2019 and 2020?","answers":["Didier Queloz","Michel Mayor","James Peebles","Reinhard Genzel","Roger Penrose","Andrea Ghez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":944,"text":"Michel Mayor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":945,"text":"James Peebles\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1935, Winnipeg, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":956,"text":"Reinhard Genzel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1952, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":957,"text":"Roger Penrose\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1931, Colchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":625,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2020 and 2021?","answers":["Louise Glück","Abdulrazak Gurnah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":962,"text":"Abdulrazak Gurnah\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2021.\nBorn: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":626,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2020 and 2021?","answers":["Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier","David MacMillan","Benjamin List"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":968,"text":"David MacMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1968, Bellshill, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":974,"text":"Benjamin List\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1968, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":627,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2020 and 2021?","answers":["World Food Programme ","Dmitry Muratov","Maria Ressa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"},{"docid":965,"text":"Dmitry Muratov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 1961, Kubyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":628,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2020 and 2021?","answers":["Charles Rice","Michael Houghton","Harvey Alter","Ardem Patapoutian","David Julius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":958,"text":"Charles Rice\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1952, Sacramento CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":959,"text":"Michael Houghton\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 1949, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":960,"text":"Harvey Alter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1935, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":972,"text":"Ardem Patapoutian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 1967, Beirut, Lebanon\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":973,"text":"David Julius\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1955, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":629,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2020 and 2021?","answers":["Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom","Joshua Angrist","David Card","Guido Imbens"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":963,"text":"Joshua Angrist\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1960, Columbus OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":964,"text":"David Card\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 1956, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirical contributions to labour economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":966,"text":"Guido Imbens\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1963, Geldrop, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":630,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2020 and 2021?","answers":["Reinhard Genzel","Roger Penrose","Andrea Ghez","Syukuro Manabe","Giorgio Parisi","Klaus Hasselmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":956,"text":"Reinhard Genzel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1952, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":957,"text":"Roger Penrose\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1931, Colchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":969,"text":"Syukuro Manabe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1931, Shingu Ehime, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":970,"text":"Giorgio Parisi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1948, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":971,"text":"Klaus Hasselmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1931, Hamburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":631,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1901 and 1903?","answers":["Sully Prudhomme","Theodor Mommsen","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":632,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1901 and 1903?","answers":["Jacobus H. van 't Hoff","Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":5,"text":"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 1, Mar, 1911, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":633,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1901 and 1903?","answers":["Henry Dunant","Frédéric Passy","Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun","Randal Cremer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":634,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1901 and 1903?","answers":["Emil von Behring","Ronald Ross","Niels Ryberg Finsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":1,"text":"Emil von Behring\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1854, Hansdorf (now Lawice), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Mar, 1917, Marburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marburg University, Marburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":635,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1901 and 1903?","answers":["Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen","Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":0,"text":"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1901.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1845, Lennep (now Remscheid), Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1923, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":636,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1902 and 1904?","answers":["Theodor Mommsen","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":637,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1902 and 1904?","answers":["Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":638,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1902 and 1904?","answers":["Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun","Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":639,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1902 and 1904?","answers":["Ronald Ross","Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":640,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1902 and 1904?","answers":["Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":641,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1903 and 1905?","answers":["Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":642,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1903 and 1905?","answers":["Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":643,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1903 and 1905?","answers":["Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":644,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1903 and 1905?","answers":["Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":645,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1903 and 1905?","answers":["Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":646,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1904 and 1906?","answers":["José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":647,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1904 and 1906?","answers":["Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":648,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1904 and 1906?","answers":["Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":649,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1904 and 1906?","answers":["Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":650,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1904 and 1906?","answers":["Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":651,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1905 and 1907?","answers":["Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":652,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1905 and 1907?","answers":["Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":653,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1905 and 1907?","answers":["Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":654,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1905 and 1907?","answers":["Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":655,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1905 and 1907?","answers":["Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":656,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1906 and 1908?","answers":["Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":657,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1906 and 1908?","answers":["Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":658,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1906 and 1908?","answers":["Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":659,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1906 and 1908?","answers":["Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":660,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1906 and 1908?","answers":["J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":661,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1907 and 1909?","answers":["Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":662,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1907 and 1909?","answers":["Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":663,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1907 and 1909?","answers":["Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":664,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1907 and 1909?","answers":["Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":665,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1907 and 1909?","answers":["Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":666,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1908 and 1910?","answers":["Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":667,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1908 and 1910?","answers":["Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":668,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1908 and 1910?","answers":["Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":669,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1908 and 1910?","answers":["Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":670,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1908 and 1910?","answers":["Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":671,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1909 and 1911?","answers":["Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":672,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1909 and 1911?","answers":["Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach","Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":673,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1909 and 1911?","answers":["Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":674,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1909 and 1911?","answers":["Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":675,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1909 and 1911?","answers":["Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":676,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1910 and 1912?","answers":["Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":677,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1910 and 1912?","answers":["Otto Wallach","Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":678,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1910 and 1912?","answers":["Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":679,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1910 and 1912?","answers":["Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":680,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1910 and 1912?","answers":["Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":681,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1911 and 1913?","answers":["Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":682,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1911 and 1913?","answers":["Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":683,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1911 and 1913?","answers":["Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":684,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1911 and 1913?","answers":["Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":685,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1911 and 1913?","answers":["Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":686,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1912 and 1914?","answers":["Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":687,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1912 and 1914?","answers":["Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":688,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1912 and 1914?","answers":["Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":689,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1912 and 1914?","answers":["Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":690,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1912 and 1914?","answers":["Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":691,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1913 and 1915?","answers":["Rabindranath Tagore","Romain Rolland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":692,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1913 and 1915?","answers":["Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":693,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1913 and 1915?","answers":["Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":694,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1913 and 1915?","answers":["Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":695,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1913 and 1915?","answers":["Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":696,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1914 and 1916?","answers":["Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":697,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1914 and 1916?","answers":["Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":698,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1914 and 1916?","answers":["Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":699,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1914 and 1916?","answers":["Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":700,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1915 and 1917?","answers":["Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":701,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1915 and 1917?","answers":["Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":702,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1915 and 1917?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":703,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1915 and 1917?","answers":["William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg","Charles Glover Barkla"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":704,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1916 and 1918?","answers":["Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":705,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1916 and 1918?","answers":["Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":706,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1916 and 1918?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":707,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1916 and 1918?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":708,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1917 and 1919?","answers":["Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Carl Spitteler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":709,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1917 and 1919?","answers":["Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":710,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1917 and 1919?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Woodrow Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":711,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1917 and 1919?","answers":["Jules Bordet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":712,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1917 and 1919?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck","Johannes Stark"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":713,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1918 and 1920?","answers":["Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":714,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1918 and 1920?","answers":["Fritz Haber","Walther Nernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":715,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1918 and 1920?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":716,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1918 and 1920?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":717,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1918 and 1920?","answers":["Max Planck","Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":718,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1919 and 1921?","answers":["Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun","Anatole France"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":719,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1919 and 1921?","answers":["Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":720,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1919 and 1921?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":721,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1919 and 1921?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":722,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1919 and 1921?","answers":["Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":723,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1920 and 1922?","answers":["Knut Hamsun","Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":724,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1920 and 1922?","answers":["Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":725,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1920 and 1922?","answers":["Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":726,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1920 and 1922?","answers":["August Krogh","Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":727,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1920 and 1922?","answers":["Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":728,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1921 and 1923?","answers":["Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":729,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1921 and 1923?","answers":["Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":730,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1921 and 1923?","answers":["Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":731,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1921 and 1923?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":732,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1921 and 1923?","answers":["Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":733,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1922 and 1924?","answers":["Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":734,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1922 and 1924?","answers":["Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":735,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1922 and 1924?","answers":["Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":736,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1922 and 1924?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":737,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1922 and 1924?","answers":["Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":738,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1923 and 1925?","answers":["William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":739,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1923 and 1925?","answers":["Fritz Pregl","Richard Zsigmondy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":740,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1923 and 1925?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":741,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1923 and 1925?","answers":["Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":742,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1923 and 1925?","answers":["Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":743,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1924 and 1926?","answers":["Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":744,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1924 and 1926?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":745,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1924 and 1926?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":746,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1924 and 1926?","answers":["Willem Einthoven","Johannes Fibiger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":747,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1924 and 1926?","answers":["Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":748,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1925 and 1927?","answers":["George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":749,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1925 and 1927?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":750,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1925 and 1927?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":751,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1925 and 1927?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":752,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1925 and 1927?","answers":["James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":753,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1926 and 1928?","answers":["Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":754,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1926 and 1928?","answers":["The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":755,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1926 and 1928?","answers":["Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":756,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1926 and 1928?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":757,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1926 and 1928?","answers":["Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":758,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1927 and 1929?","answers":["Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":759,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1927 and 1929?","answers":["Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":760,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1927 and 1929?","answers":["Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson","Frank B. Kellogg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":761,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1927 and 1929?","answers":["Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":762,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1927 and 1929?","answers":["Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":763,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1928 and 1930?","answers":["Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":764,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1928 and 1930?","answers":["Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":765,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1928 and 1930?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":766,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1928 and 1930?","answers":["Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":767,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1928 and 1930?","answers":["Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":768,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1929 and 1931?","answers":["Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":769,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1929 and 1931?","answers":["Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":770,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1929 and 1931?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":771,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1929 and 1931?","answers":["Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":772,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1929 and 1931?","answers":["Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":773,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1930 and 1932?","answers":["Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":774,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1930 and 1932?","answers":["Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":775,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1930 and 1932?","answers":["Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":776,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1930 and 1932?","answers":["Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":777,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1930 and 1932?","answers":["Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman","Werner Heisenberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":778,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1931 and 1933?","answers":["Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":779,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1931 and 1933?","answers":["Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":780,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1931 and 1933?","answers":["Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler","Sir Norman Angell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":781,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1931 and 1933?","answers":["Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":782,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1931 and 1933?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":783,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1932 and 1934?","answers":["John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":784,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1932 and 1934?","answers":["Irving Langmuir","Harold C. Urey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":785,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1932 and 1934?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":786,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1932 and 1934?","answers":["Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":787,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1932 and 1934?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":788,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1933 and 1935?","answers":["Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":789,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1933 and 1935?","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":790,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1933 and 1935?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":791,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1933 and 1935?","answers":["Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":792,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1933 and 1935?","answers":["Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger","James Chadwick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":793,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1934 and 1936?","answers":["Luigi Pirandello","Eugene O'Neill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":794,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1934 and 1936?","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":795,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1934 and 1936?","answers":["Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":796,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1934 and 1936?","answers":["George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":797,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1934 and 1936?","answers":["James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":798,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1935 and 1937?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":799,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1935 and 1937?","answers":["Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":800,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1935 and 1937?","answers":["Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":801,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1935 and 1937?","answers":["Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":802,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1935 and 1937?","answers":["James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":803,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1936 and 1938?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":804,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1936 and 1938?","answers":["Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":805,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1936 and 1938?","answers":["Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":806,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1936 and 1938?","answers":["Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":807,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1936 and 1938?","answers":["Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":808,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1937 and 1939?","answers":["Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":809,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1937 and 1939?","answers":["Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":810,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1937 and 1939?","answers":["Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":811,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1937 and 1939?","answers":["Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":812,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1937 and 1939?","answers":["George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":813,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1938 and 1940?","answers":["Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":814,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1938 and 1940?","answers":["Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":815,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1938 and 1940?","answers":["Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":816,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1938 and 1940?","answers":["Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":817,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1938 and 1940?","answers":["Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":818,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1939 and 1941?","answers":["Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":819,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1939 and 1941?","answers":["Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":820,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1939 and 1941?","answers":["Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":821,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1939 and 1941?","answers":["Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":822,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1941 and 1943?","answers":["George de Hevesy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":823,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1941 and 1943?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":824,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1941 and 1943?","answers":["Otto Stern"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":825,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1942 and 1944?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":826,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1942 and 1944?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":827,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1942 and 1944?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":828,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1942 and 1944?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":829,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1942 and 1944?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":830,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1943 and 1945?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":831,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1943 and 1945?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":832,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1943 and 1945?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":833,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1943 and 1945?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":834,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1943 and 1945?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":835,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1944 and 1946?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":836,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1944 and 1946?","answers":["Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":837,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1944 and 1946?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":838,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1944 and 1946?","answers":["Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":839,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1944 and 1946?","answers":["Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":840,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1945 and 1947?","answers":["Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse","André Gide"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":841,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1945 and 1947?","answers":["Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":842,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1945 and 1947?","answers":["Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":843,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1945 and 1947?","answers":["Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":844,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1945 and 1947?","answers":["Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":845,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1946 and 1948?","answers":["Hermann Hesse","André Gide","T.S. Eliot"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":846,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1946 and 1948?","answers":["James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":847,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1946 and 1948?","answers":["John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":848,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1946 and 1948?","answers":["Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":849,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1946 and 1948?","answers":["Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":850,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1947 and 1949?","answers":["André Gide","T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":851,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1947 and 1949?","answers":["Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":852,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1947 and 1949?","answers":["Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee ","John Boyd Orr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":853,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1947 and 1949?","answers":["Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":854,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1947 and 1949?","answers":["Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":855,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1948 and 1950?","answers":["T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":856,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1948 and 1950?","answers":["Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":857,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1948 and 1950?","answers":["John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":858,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1948 and 1950?","answers":["Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":859,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1948 and 1950?","answers":["Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":860,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1949 and 1951?","answers":["William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":861,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1949 and 1951?","answers":["William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":862,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1949 and 1951?","answers":["John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":863,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1949 and 1951?","answers":["Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":864,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1949 and 1951?","answers":["Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":865,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1950 and 1952?","answers":["Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":866,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1950 and 1952?","answers":["Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":867,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1950 and 1952?","answers":["Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":868,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1950 and 1952?","answers":["Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":869,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1950 and 1952?","answers":["Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":870,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1951 and 1953?","answers":["Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac","Winston Churchill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":871,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1951 and 1953?","answers":["Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":872,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1951 and 1953?","answers":["Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":873,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1951 and 1953?","answers":["Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":874,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1951 and 1953?","answers":["Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":875,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1952 and 1954?","answers":["François Mauriac","Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":876,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1952 and 1954?","answers":["Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":877,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1952 and 1954?","answers":["Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":878,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1952 and 1954?","answers":["Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":879,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1952 and 1954?","answers":["Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":880,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1953 and 1955?","answers":["Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":881,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1953 and 1955?","answers":["Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":882,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1953 and 1955?","answers":["George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":883,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1953 and 1955?","answers":["Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":884,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1953 and 1955?","answers":["Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":885,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1954 and 1956?","answers":["Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":886,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1954 and 1956?","answers":["Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":887,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1954 and 1956?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":888,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1954 and 1956?","answers":["John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":889,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1954 and 1956?","answers":["Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":890,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1955 and 1957?","answers":["Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":891,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1955 and 1957?","answers":["Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":892,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1955 and 1957?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":893,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1955 and 1957?","answers":["Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":894,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1955 and 1957?","answers":["Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley","Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":895,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1956 and 1958?","answers":["Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":896,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1956 and 1958?","answers":["Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":897,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1956 and 1958?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":898,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1956 and 1958?","answers":["Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":899,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1956 and 1958?","answers":["Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley","Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee","Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":900,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1957 and 1959?","answers":["Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":901,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1957 and 1959?","answers":["Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":902,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1957 and 1959?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":903,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1957 and 1959?","answers":["Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":904,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1957 and 1959?","answers":["Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee","Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":905,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1958 and 1960?","answers":["Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":906,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1958 and 1960?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":907,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1958 and 1960?","answers":["Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":908,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1958 and 1960?","answers":["Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa","Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":909,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1958 and 1960?","answers":["Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":910,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1959 and 1961?","answers":["Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":911,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1959 and 1961?","answers":["Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":912,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1959 and 1961?","answers":["Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":913,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1959 and 1961?","answers":["Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa","Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":914,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1959 and 1961?","answers":["Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":915,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1960 and 1962?","answers":["Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":916,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1960 and 1962?","answers":["Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":917,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1960 and 1962?","answers":["Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":918,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1960 and 1962?","answers":["Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy","Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":919,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1960 and 1962?","answers":["Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":920,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1961 and 1963?","answers":["Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":921,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1961 and 1963?","answers":["Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":922,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1961 and 1963?","answers":["Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":923,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1961 and 1963?","answers":["Georg von Békésy","Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick","Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":924,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1961 and 1963?","answers":["Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":925,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1962 and 1964?","answers":["John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":926,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1962 and 1964?","answers":["John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":927,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1962 and 1964?","answers":["Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":928,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1962 and 1964?","answers":["Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick","Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles","Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":929,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1962 and 1964?","answers":["Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer","Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":930,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1963 and 1965?","answers":["Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":931,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1963 and 1965?","answers":["Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":932,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1963 and 1965?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":933,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1963 and 1965?","answers":["Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles","Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch","François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":934,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1963 and 1965?","answers":["J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer","Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":935,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1964 and 1966?","answers":["Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":936,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1964 and 1966?","answers":["Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":937,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1964 and 1966?","answers":["Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":938,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1964 and 1966?","answers":["Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch","François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod","Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":939,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1964 and 1966?","answers":["Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":940,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1965 and 1967?","answers":["Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":941,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1965 and 1967?","answers":["Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":942,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1965 and 1967?","answers":["United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":943,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1965 and 1967?","answers":["François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod","Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous","Ragnar Granit","George Wald","Keffer Hartline"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":377,"text":"George Wald\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1906, New York NY, USA\nDied: 12, Apr, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":382,"text":"Keffer Hartline\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1903, Bloomsburg PA, USA\nDied: 17, Mar, 1983, Fallston MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":944,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1965 and 1967?","answers":["Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":945,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1966 and 1968?","answers":["Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":946,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1966 and 1968?","answers":["Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":947,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1966 and 1968?","answers":["René Cassin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":948,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1966 and 1968?","answers":["Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous","Ragnar Granit","George Wald","Keffer Hartline","H. Gobind Khorana","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Robert W. Holley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":377,"text":"George Wald\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1906, New York NY, USA\nDied: 12, Apr, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":382,"text":"Keffer Hartline\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1903, Bloomsburg PA, USA\nDied: 17, Mar, 1983, Fallston MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":949,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1966 and 1968?","answers":["Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":950,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1967 and 1969?","answers":["Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":951,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1967 and 1969?","answers":["George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":952,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1967 and 1969?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":953,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1967 and 1969?","answers":["Ragnar Granit","George Wald","Keffer Hartline","H. Gobind Khorana","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Robert W. Holley","Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":377,"text":"George Wald\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1906, New York NY, USA\nDied: 12, Apr, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":382,"text":"Keffer Hartline\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1903, Bloomsburg PA, USA\nDied: 17, Mar, 1983, Fallston MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":954,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1967 and 1969?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":955,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1967 and 1969?","answers":["Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":956,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1968 and 1970?","answers":["Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":957,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1968 and 1970?","answers":["Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":958,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1968 and 1970?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":959,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1968 and 1970?","answers":["H. Gobind Khorana","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Robert W. Holley","Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück","Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":960,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1968 and 1970?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":961,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1968 and 1970?","answers":["Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":962,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1969 and 1971?","answers":["Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":963,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1969 and 1971?","answers":["Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":964,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1969 and 1971?","answers":["International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":965,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1969 and 1971?","answers":["Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück","Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz","Earl W. Sutherland Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":966,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1969 and 1971?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":967,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1969 and 1971?","answers":["Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":968,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1970 and 1972?","answers":["Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":969,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1970 and 1972?","answers":["Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":970,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1970 and 1972?","answers":["Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":971,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1970 and 1972?","answers":["Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz","Earl W. Sutherland Jr.","Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":972,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1970 and 1972?","answers":["Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":973,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1970 and 1972?","answers":["Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":974,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1971 and 1973?","answers":["Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll","Patrick White"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":975,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1971 and 1973?","answers":["Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":976,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1971 and 1973?","answers":["Willy Brandt","Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":977,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1971 and 1973?","answers":["Earl W. Sutherland Jr.","Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter","Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":978,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1971 and 1973?","answers":["Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":979,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1971 and 1973?","answers":["Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer","Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":980,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1972 and 1974?","answers":["Heinrich Böll","Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":981,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1972 and 1974?","answers":["Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":982,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1972 and 1974?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":983,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1972 and 1974?","answers":["Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter","Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen","Christian de Duve","George E. Palade","Albert Claude"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":984,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1972 and 1974?","answers":["Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":985,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1972 and 1974?","answers":["Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer","Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever","Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":986,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1973 and 1975?","answers":["Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":987,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1973 and 1975?","answers":["Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":988,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1973 and 1975?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":989,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1973 and 1975?","answers":["Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen","Christian de Duve","George E. Palade","Albert Claude","Howard M. Temin","David Baltimore","Renato Dulbecco"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":453,"text":"Howard M. Temin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1934, Philadelphia PA, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 1994, Madison WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":460,"text":"David Baltimore\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":461,"text":"Renato Dulbecco\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1914, Catanzaro, Italy\nDied: 19, Feb, 2012, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":990,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1973 and 1975?","answers":["Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":991,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1973 and 1975?","answers":["Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever","Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle","Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":992,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1974 and 1976?","answers":["Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":993,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1974 and 1976?","answers":["Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":994,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1974 and 1976?","answers":["Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":995,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1974 and 1976?","answers":["Christian de Duve","George E. Palade","Albert Claude","Howard M. Temin","David Baltimore","Renato Dulbecco","Baruch S. Blumberg","D. Carleton Gajdusek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":453,"text":"Howard M. Temin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1934, Philadelphia PA, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 1994, Madison WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":460,"text":"David Baltimore\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":461,"text":"Renato Dulbecco\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1914, Catanzaro, Italy\nDied: 19, Feb, 2012, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":468,"text":"Baruch S. Blumberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 2011, Moffett Field CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":469,"text":"D. Carleton Gajdusek\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1923, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 12, Dec, 2008, Tromsø, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":996,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1974 and 1976?","answers":["Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":997,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1974 and 1976?","answers":["Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle","Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater","Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":998,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1975 and 1977?","answers":["Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":999,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1975 and 1977?","answers":["John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1000,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1975 and 1977?","answers":["Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1001,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1975 and 1977?","answers":["Howard M. Temin","David Baltimore","Renato Dulbecco","Baruch S. Blumberg","D. Carleton Gajdusek","Andrew V. Schally","Rosalyn Yalow","Roger Guillemin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":453,"text":"Howard M. Temin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1934, Philadelphia PA, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 1994, Madison WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":460,"text":"David Baltimore\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":461,"text":"Renato Dulbecco\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1914, Catanzaro, Italy\nDied: 19, Feb, 2012, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":468,"text":"Baruch S. Blumberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 2011, Moffett Field CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":469,"text":"D. Carleton Gajdusek\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1923, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 12, Dec, 2008, Tromsø, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":477,"text":"Andrew V. Schally\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1926, Wilno (now Vilnius), Poland (now Lithuania)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans LA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":480,"text":"Roger Guillemin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1924, Dijon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Salk Institute, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1002,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1975 and 1977?","answers":["Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1003,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1975 and 1977?","answers":["Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater","Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting","Philip W. Anderson","Sir Nevill F. Mott","John H. Van Vleck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":472,"text":"Philip W. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1923, Indianapolis IN, USA\nDied: 29, Mar, 2020, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":475,"text":"Sir Nevill F. Mott\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1905, Leeds, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1996, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1004,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1976 and 1978?","answers":["Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1005,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1976 and 1978?","answers":["William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1006,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1976 and 1978?","answers":["Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1007,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1976 and 1978?","answers":["Baruch S. Blumberg","D. Carleton Gajdusek","Andrew V. Schally","Rosalyn Yalow","Roger Guillemin","Hamilton O. Smith","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":468,"text":"Baruch S. Blumberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 2011, Moffett Field CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":469,"text":"D. Carleton Gajdusek\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1923, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 12, Dec, 2008, Tromsø, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":477,"text":"Andrew V. Schally\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1926, Wilno (now Vilnius), Poland (now Lithuania)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans LA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":480,"text":"Roger Guillemin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1924, Dijon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Salk Institute, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1008,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1976 and 1978?","answers":["Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1009,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1976 and 1978?","answers":["Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting","Philip W. Anderson","Sir Nevill F. Mott","John H. Van Vleck","Arno Penzias","Robert Woodrow Wilson","Pyotr Kapitsa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":472,"text":"Philip W. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1923, Indianapolis IN, USA\nDied: 29, Mar, 2020, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":475,"text":"Sir Nevill F. Mott\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1905, Leeds, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1996, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":485,"text":"Arno Penzias\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1933, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":489,"text":"Robert Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1936, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":492,"text":"Pyotr Kapitsa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1894, Kronshtadt, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 8, Apr, 1984, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1010,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1977 and 1979?","answers":["Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1011,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1977 and 1979?","answers":["Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1012,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1977 and 1979?","answers":["Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1013,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1977 and 1979?","answers":["Andrew V. Schally","Rosalyn Yalow","Roger Guillemin","Hamilton O. Smith","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber","Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Allan M. Cormack"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":477,"text":"Andrew V. Schally\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1926, Wilno (now Vilnius), Poland (now Lithuania)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans LA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":480,"text":"Roger Guillemin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1924, Dijon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Salk Institute, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":502,"text":"Allan M. Cormack\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1924, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 7, May, 1998, Winchester MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tufts University, Medford MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1014,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1977 and 1979?","answers":["James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1015,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1977 and 1979?","answers":["Philip W. Anderson","Sir Nevill F. Mott","John H. Van Vleck","Arno Penzias","Robert Woodrow Wilson","Pyotr Kapitsa","Sheldon Glashow","Steven Weinberg","Abdus Salam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":472,"text":"Philip W. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1923, Indianapolis IN, USA\nDied: 29, Mar, 2020, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":475,"text":"Sir Nevill F. Mott\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1905, Leeds, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1996, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":485,"text":"Arno Penzias\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1933, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":489,"text":"Robert Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1936, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":492,"text":"Pyotr Kapitsa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1894, Kronshtadt, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 8, Apr, 1984, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":499,"text":"Sheldon Glashow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1932, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":500,"text":"Steven Weinberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 3, May, 1933, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Austin TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":504,"text":"Abdus Salam\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1926, Jhang Maghiāna, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Nov, 1996, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1016,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1978 and 1980?","answers":["Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1017,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1978 and 1980?","answers":["Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1018,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1978 and 1980?","answers":["Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1019,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1978 and 1980?","answers":["Hamilton O. Smith","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber","Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Allan M. Cormack","Jean Dausset","Baruj Benacerraf","George D. Snell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":502,"text":"Allan M. Cormack\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1924, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 7, May, 1998, Winchester MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tufts University, Medford MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":506,"text":"Jean Dausset\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France\nDied: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":515,"text":"George D. Snell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1020,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1978 and 1980?","answers":["Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1021,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1978 and 1980?","answers":["Arno Penzias","Robert Woodrow Wilson","Pyotr Kapitsa","Sheldon Glashow","Steven Weinberg","Abdus Salam","Val Fitch","James Cronin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":485,"text":"Arno Penzias\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1933, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":489,"text":"Robert Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1936, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":492,"text":"Pyotr Kapitsa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1894, Kronshtadt, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 8, Apr, 1984, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":499,"text":"Sheldon Glashow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1932, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":500,"text":"Steven Weinberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 3, May, 1933, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Austin TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":504,"text":"Abdus Salam\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1926, Jhang Maghiāna, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Nov, 1996, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1022,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1979 and 1981?","answers":["Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1023,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1979 and 1981?","answers":["Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1024,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1979 and 1981?","answers":["Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1025,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1979 and 1981?","answers":["Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Allan M. Cormack","Jean Dausset","Baruj Benacerraf","George D. Snell","David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":502,"text":"Allan M. Cormack\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1924, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 7, May, 1998, Winchester MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tufts University, Medford MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":506,"text":"Jean Dausset\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France\nDied: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":515,"text":"George D. Snell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1026,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1979 and 1981?","answers":["Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1027,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1979 and 1981?","answers":["Sheldon Glashow","Steven Weinberg","Abdus Salam","Val Fitch","James Cronin","Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":499,"text":"Sheldon Glashow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1932, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":500,"text":"Steven Weinberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 3, May, 1933, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Austin TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":504,"text":"Abdus Salam\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1926, Jhang Maghiāna, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Nov, 1996, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1028,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1980 and 1982?","answers":["Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1029,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1980 and 1982?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1030,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1980 and 1982?","answers":["Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1031,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1980 and 1982?","answers":["Jean Dausset","Baruj Benacerraf","George D. Snell","David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel","John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":506,"text":"Jean Dausset\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France\nDied: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":515,"text":"George D. Snell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1032,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1980 and 1982?","answers":["Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin","George J. Stigler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1033,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1980 and 1982?","answers":["Val Fitch","James Cronin","Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1034,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1981 and 1983?","answers":["Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1035,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1981 and 1983?","answers":["Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug","Henry Taube"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1036,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1981 and 1983?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1037,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1981 and 1983?","answers":["David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel","John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson","Barbara McClintock"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1038,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1981 and 1983?","answers":["James Tobin","George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1039,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1981 and 1983?","answers":["Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1040,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1982 and 1984?","answers":["Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1041,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1982 and 1984?","answers":["Aaron Klug","Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1042,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1982 and 1984?","answers":["Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1043,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1982 and 1984?","answers":["John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson","Barbara McClintock","Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1044,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1982 and 1984?","answers":["George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1045,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1982 and 1984?","answers":["Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1046,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1983 and 1985?","answers":["William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1047,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1983 and 1985?","answers":["Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1048,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1983 and 1985?","answers":["Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1049,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1983 and 1985?","answers":["Barbara McClintock","Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein","Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1050,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1983 and 1985?","answers":["Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1051,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1983 and 1985?","answers":["William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1052,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1984 and 1986?","answers":["Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1053,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1984 and 1986?","answers":["Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle","Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1054,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1984 and 1986?","answers":["Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1055,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1984 and 1986?","answers":["Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein","Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1056,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1984 and 1986?","answers":["Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1057,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1984 and 1986?","answers":["Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1058,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1985 and 1987?","answers":["Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1059,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1985 and 1987?","answers":["Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle","Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee","Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1060,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1985 and 1987?","answers":["International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1061,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1985 and 1987?","answers":["Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1062,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1985 and 1987?","answers":["Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1063,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1985 and 1987?","answers":["Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska","K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1064,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1986 and 1988?","answers":["Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1065,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1986 and 1988?","answers":["Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee","Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram","Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1066,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1986 and 1988?","answers":["Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1067,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1986 and 1988?","answers":["Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1068,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1986 and 1988?","answers":["James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1069,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1986 and 1988?","answers":["Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska","K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz","Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1070,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1987 and 1989?","answers":["Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1071,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1987 and 1989?","answers":["Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram","Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer","Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1072,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1987 and 1989?","answers":["Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1073,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1987 and 1989?","answers":["Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1074,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1987 and 1989?","answers":["Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1075,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1987 and 1989?","answers":["K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz","Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman","Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1076,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1988 and 1990?","answers":["Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1077,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1988 and 1990?","answers":["Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer","Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1078,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1988 and 1990?","answers":["United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1079,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1988 and 1990?","answers":["George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1080,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1988 and 1990?","answers":["Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1081,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1988 and 1990?","answers":["Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman","Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul","Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1082,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1989 and 1991?","answers":["Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1083,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1989 and 1991?","answers":["Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1084,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1989 and 1991?","answers":["Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1085,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1989 and 1991?","answers":["J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1086,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1989 and 1991?","answers":["Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1087,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1989 and 1991?","answers":["Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul","Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1088,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1990 and 1992?","answers":["Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1089,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1990 and 1992?","answers":["Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1090,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1990 and 1992?","answers":["Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1091,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1990 and 1992?","answers":["Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1092,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1990 and 1992?","answers":["Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1093,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1990 and 1992?","answers":["Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1094,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1991 and 1993?","answers":["Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1095,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1991 and 1993?","answers":["Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1096,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1991 and 1993?","answers":["Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1097,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1991 and 1993?","answers":["Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1098,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1991 and 1993?","answers":["Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1099,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1991 and 1993?","answers":["Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1100,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1992 and 1994?","answers":["Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1101,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1992 and 1994?","answers":["Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1102,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1992 and 1994?","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1103,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1992 and 1994?","answers":["Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1104,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1992 and 1994?","answers":["Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1105,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1992 and 1994?","answers":["Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1106,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1993 and 1995?","answers":["Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1107,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1993 and 1995?","answers":["Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1108,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1993 and 1995?","answers":["F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1109,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1993 and 1995?","answers":["Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell","Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1110,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1993 and 1995?","answers":["Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1111,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1993 and 1995?","answers":["Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1112,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1994 and 1996?","answers":["Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1113,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1994 and 1996?","answers":["George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland","Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1114,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1994 and 1996?","answers":["Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1115,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1994 and 1996?","answers":["Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell","Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1116,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1994 and 1996?","answers":["John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1117,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1994 and 1996?","answers":["Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl","David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1118,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1995 and 1997?","answers":["Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1119,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1995 and 1997?","answers":["Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland","Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto","John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1120,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1995 and 1997?","answers":["Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1121,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1995 and 1997?","answers":["Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1122,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1995 and 1997?","answers":["Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1123,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1995 and 1997?","answers":["Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl","David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff","William D. Phillips","Claude Cohen-Tannoudji","Steven Chu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":682,"text":"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1933, Constantine, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1124,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1996 and 1998?","answers":["Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo","José Saramago"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1125,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1996 and 1998?","answers":["Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto","John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer","Walter Kohn","John Pople"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1126,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1996 and 1998?","answers":["Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1127,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1996 and 1998?","answers":["Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1128,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1996 and 1998?","answers":["William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1129,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1996 and 1998?","answers":["David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff","William D. Phillips","Claude Cohen-Tannoudji","Steven Chu","Horst L. Störmer","Daniel C. Tsui","Robert B. Laughlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":682,"text":"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1933, Constantine, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":688,"text":"Horst L. Störmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1949, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":690,"text":"Daniel C. Tsui\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1939, Henan, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":698,"text":"Robert B. Laughlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1950, Visalia CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1130,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1997 and 1999?","answers":["Dario Fo","José Saramago","Günter Grass"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1131,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1997 and 1999?","answers":["John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer","Walter Kohn","John Pople","Ahmed Zewail"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1132,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1997 and 1999?","answers":["Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1133,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1997 and 1999?","answers":["Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1134,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1997 and 1999?","answers":["Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1135,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1997 and 1999?","answers":["William D. Phillips","Claude Cohen-Tannoudji","Steven Chu","Horst L. Störmer","Daniel C. Tsui","Robert B. Laughlin","Martinus J.G. Veltman","Gerardus 't Hooft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":682,"text":"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1933, Constantine, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":688,"text":"Horst L. Störmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1949, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":690,"text":"Daniel C. Tsui\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1939, Henan, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":698,"text":"Robert B. Laughlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1950, Visalia CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":702,"text":"Martinus J.G. Veltman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1931, Waalwijk, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Jan, 2021, Bilthoven, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":703,"text":"Gerardus 't Hooft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1946, Den Helder, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1136,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1998 and 2000?","answers":["José Saramago","Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1137,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1998 and 2000?","answers":["Walter Kohn","John Pople","Ahmed Zewail","Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1138,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1998 and 2000?","answers":["John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1139,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1998 and 2000?","answers":["Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel","Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1140,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1998 and 2000?","answers":["Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1141,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1998 and 2000?","answers":["Horst L. Störmer","Daniel C. Tsui","Robert B. Laughlin","Martinus J.G. Veltman","Gerardus 't Hooft","Herbert Kroemer","Zhores Alferov","Jack Kilby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":688,"text":"Horst L. Störmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1949, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":690,"text":"Daniel C. Tsui\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1939, Henan, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":698,"text":"Robert B. Laughlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1950, Visalia CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":702,"text":"Martinus J.G. Veltman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1931, Waalwijk, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Jan, 2021, Bilthoven, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":703,"text":"Gerardus 't Hooft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1946, Den Helder, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":713,"text":"Herbert Kroemer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1928, Weimar, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":714,"text":"Zhores Alferov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vitebsk Belorussia, USSR (now Belarus)\nDied: 1, Mar, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":718,"text":"Jack Kilby\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1923, Jefferson City MO, USA\nDied: 20, Jun, 2005, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Texas Instruments, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1142,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1999 and 2001?","answers":["Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1143,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1999 and 2001?","answers":["Ahmed Zewail","Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger","Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1144,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1999 and 2001?","answers":["Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1145,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1999 and 2001?","answers":["Günter Blobel","Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson","Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1146,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1999 and 2001?","answers":["Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1147,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1999 and 2001?","answers":["Martinus J.G. Veltman","Gerardus 't Hooft","Herbert Kroemer","Zhores Alferov","Jack Kilby","Carl Wieman","Wolfgang Ketterle","Eric Cornell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":702,"text":"Martinus J.G. Veltman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1931, Waalwijk, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Jan, 2021, Bilthoven, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":703,"text":"Gerardus 't Hooft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1946, Den Helder, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":713,"text":"Herbert Kroemer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1928, Weimar, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":714,"text":"Zhores Alferov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vitebsk Belorussia, USSR (now Belarus)\nDied: 1, Mar, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":718,"text":"Jack Kilby\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1923, Jefferson City MO, USA\nDied: 20, Jun, 2005, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Texas Instruments, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":728,"text":"Carl Wieman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1951, Corvallis OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1148,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2000 and 2002?","answers":["Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1149,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2000 and 2002?","answers":["Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger","Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles","Kurt Wüthrich","Koichi Tanaka","John B. Fenn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":739,"text":"John B. Fenn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 10, Dec, 2010, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1150,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2000 and 2002?","answers":["Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1151,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2000 and 2002?","answers":["Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson","Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell","John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1152,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2000 and 2002?","answers":["Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1153,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2000 and 2002?","answers":["Herbert Kroemer","Zhores Alferov","Jack Kilby","Carl Wieman","Wolfgang Ketterle","Eric Cornell","Masatoshi Koshiba","Raymond Davis Jr.","Riccardo Giacconi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":713,"text":"Herbert Kroemer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1928, Weimar, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":714,"text":"Zhores Alferov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vitebsk Belorussia, USSR (now Belarus)\nDied: 1, Mar, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":718,"text":"Jack Kilby\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1923, Jefferson City MO, USA\nDied: 20, Jun, 2005, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Texas Instruments, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":728,"text":"Carl Wieman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1951, Corvallis OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":741,"text":"Masatoshi Koshiba\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1926, Toyohashi, Japan\nDied: 12, Nov, 2020, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":742,"text":"Raymond Davis Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1914, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 31, May, 2006, Blue Point NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":746,"text":"Riccardo Giacconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1931, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 16, Dec, 2018, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Associated Universities Inc., Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1154,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2001 and 2003?","answers":["V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1155,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2001 and 2003?","answers":["Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles","Kurt Wüthrich","Koichi Tanaka","John B. Fenn","Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":739,"text":"John B. Fenn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 10, Dec, 2010, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1156,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2001 and 2003?","answers":["Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1157,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2001 and 2003?","answers":["Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell","John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner","Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1158,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2001 and 2003?","answers":["George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1159,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2001 and 2003?","answers":["Carl Wieman","Wolfgang Ketterle","Eric Cornell","Masatoshi Koshiba","Raymond Davis Jr.","Riccardo Giacconi","Anthony J. Leggett","Vitaly L. Ginzburg","Alexei Abrikosov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":728,"text":"Carl Wieman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1951, Corvallis OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":741,"text":"Masatoshi Koshiba\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1926, Toyohashi, Japan\nDied: 12, Nov, 2020, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":742,"text":"Raymond Davis Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1914, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 31, May, 2006, Blue Point NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":746,"text":"Riccardo Giacconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1931, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 16, Dec, 2018, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Associated Universities Inc., Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":752,"text":"Anthony J. Leggett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1938, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":753,"text":"Vitaly L. Ginzburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1916, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":757,"text":"Alexei Abrikosov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1928, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 29, Mar, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1160,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2002 and 2004?","answers":["Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1161,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2002 and 2004?","answers":["Kurt Wüthrich","Koichi Tanaka","John B. Fenn","Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre","Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":739,"text":"John B. Fenn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 10, Dec, 2010, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1162,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2002 and 2004?","answers":["Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1163,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2002 and 2004?","answers":["John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner","Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur","Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1164,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2002 and 2004?","answers":["Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1165,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2002 and 2004?","answers":["Masatoshi Koshiba","Raymond Davis Jr.","Riccardo Giacconi","Anthony J. Leggett","Vitaly L. Ginzburg","Alexei Abrikosov","David J. Gross","Frank Wilczek","H. David Politzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":741,"text":"Masatoshi Koshiba\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1926, Toyohashi, Japan\nDied: 12, Nov, 2020, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":742,"text":"Raymond Davis Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1914, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 31, May, 2006, Blue Point NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":746,"text":"Riccardo Giacconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1931, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 16, Dec, 2018, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Associated Universities Inc., Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":752,"text":"Anthony J. Leggett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1938, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":753,"text":"Vitaly L. Ginzburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1916, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":757,"text":"Alexei Abrikosov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1928, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 29, Mar, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1166,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2003 and 2005?","answers":["J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1167,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2003 and 2005?","answers":["Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre","Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover","Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1168,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2003 and 2005?","answers":["Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1169,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2003 and 2005?","answers":["Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur","Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel","J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1170,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2003 and 2005?","answers":["Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1171,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2003 and 2005?","answers":["Anthony J. Leggett","Vitaly L. Ginzburg","Alexei Abrikosov","David J. Gross","Frank Wilczek","H. David Politzer","Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":752,"text":"Anthony J. Leggett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1938, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":753,"text":"Vitaly L. Ginzburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1916, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":757,"text":"Alexei Abrikosov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1928, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 29, Mar, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1172,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2004 and 2006?","answers":["Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1173,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2004 and 2006?","answers":["Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover","Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin","Roger D. Kornberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1174,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2004 and 2006?","answers":["Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1175,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2004 and 2006?","answers":["Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel","J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall","Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1176,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2004 and 2006?","answers":["Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1177,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2004 and 2006?","answers":["David J. Gross","Frank Wilczek","H. David Politzer","Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber","George F. Smoot","John C. Mather"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1178,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2005 and 2007?","answers":["Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1179,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2005 and 2007?","answers":["Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin","Roger D. Kornberg","Gerhard Ertl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1180,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2005 and 2007?","answers":["Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1181,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2005 and 2007?","answers":["J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall","Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire","Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1182,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2005 and 2007?","answers":["Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1183,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2005 and 2007?","answers":["Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber","George F. Smoot","John C. Mather","Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1184,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2006 and 2008?","answers":["Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1185,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2006 and 2008?","answers":["Roger D. Kornberg","Gerhard Ertl","Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1186,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2006 and 2008?","answers":["Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1187,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2006 and 2008?","answers":["Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire","Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi","Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1188,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2006 and 2008?","answers":["Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1189,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2006 and 2008?","answers":["George F. Smoot","John C. Mather","Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg","Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1190,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2007 and 2009?","answers":["Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1191,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2007 and 2009?","answers":["Gerhard Ertl","Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura","Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1192,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2007 and 2009?","answers":["Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1193,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2007 and 2009?","answers":["Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi","Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen","Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1194,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2007 and 2009?","answers":["Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1195,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2007 and 2009?","answers":["Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg","Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi","George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1196,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2008 and 2010?","answers":["Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1197,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2008 and 2010?","answers":["Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura","Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1198,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2008 and 2010?","answers":["Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1199,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2008 and 2010?","answers":["Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen","Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn","Robert G. Edwards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1200,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2008 and 2010?","answers":["Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1201,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2008 and 2010?","answers":["Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi","George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle","Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1202,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2009 and 2011?","answers":["Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1203,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2009 and 2011?","answers":["Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi","Dan Shechtman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1204,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2009 and 2011?","answers":["Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1205,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2009 and 2011?","answers":["Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn","Robert G. Edwards","Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1206,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2009 and 2011?","answers":["Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1207,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2009 and 2011?","answers":["George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle","Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim","Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1208,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2010 and 2012?","answers":["Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1209,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2010 and 2012?","answers":["Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi","Dan Shechtman","Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1210,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2010 and 2012?","answers":["Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1211,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2010 and 2012?","answers":["Robert G. Edwards","Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler","Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1212,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2010 and 2012?","answers":["Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1213,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2010 and 2012?","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim","Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess","Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1214,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2011 and 2013?","answers":["Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan","Alice Munro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1215,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2011 and 2013?","answers":["Dan Shechtman","Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz","Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1216,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2011 and 2013?","answers":["Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1217,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2011 and 2013?","answers":["Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler","Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon","Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1218,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2011 and 2013?","answers":["Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1219,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2011 and 2013?","answers":["Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess","Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland","Peter Higgs","François Englert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1220,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2012 and 2014?","answers":["Mo Yan","Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1221,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2012 and 2014?","answers":["Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz","Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus","William E. Moerner","Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1222,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2012 and 2014?","answers":["European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1223,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2012 and 2014?","answers":["Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon","Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman","Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1224,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2012 and 2014?","answers":["Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1225,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2012 and 2014?","answers":["Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland","Peter Higgs","François Englert","Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1226,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2013 and 2015?","answers":["Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1227,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2013 and 2015?","answers":["Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus","William E. Moerner","Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig","Aziz Sancar","Paul Modrich","Tomas Lindahl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":892,"text":"Aziz Sancar\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1946, Savur, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":893,"text":"Paul Modrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1946, Raton NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":894,"text":"Tomas Lindahl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1938, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1228,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2013 and 2015?","answers":["Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1229,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2013 and 2015?","answers":["Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman","Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe","Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1230,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2013 and 2015?","answers":["Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1231,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2013 and 2015?","answers":["Peter Higgs","François Englert","Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura","Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1232,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2014 and 2016?","answers":["Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1233,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2014 and 2016?","answers":["William E. Moerner","Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig","Aziz Sancar","Paul Modrich","Tomas Lindahl","Bernard L. Feringa","Sir J. Fraser Stoddart","Jean-Pierre Sauvage"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":892,"text":"Aziz Sancar\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1946, Savur, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":893,"text":"Paul Modrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1946, Raton NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":894,"text":"Tomas Lindahl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1938, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":904,"text":"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1942, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":910,"text":"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1234,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2014 and 2016?","answers":["Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1235,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2014 and 2016?","answers":["Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe","Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell","Yoshinori Ohsumi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1236,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2014 and 2016?","answers":["Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1237,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2014 and 2016?","answers":["Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura","Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald","J. Michael Kosterlitz","F. Duncan M. Haldane","David J. Thouless"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":906,"text":"J. Michael Kosterlitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1943, Aberdeen, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":908,"text":"David J. Thouless\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1934, Bearsden, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Apr, 2019, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1238,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2015 and 2017?","answers":["Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1239,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2015 and 2017?","answers":["Aziz Sancar","Paul Modrich","Tomas Lindahl","Bernard L. Feringa","Sir J. Fraser Stoddart","Jean-Pierre Sauvage","Richard Henderson","Joachim Frank","Jacques Dubochet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":892,"text":"Aziz Sancar\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1946, Savur, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":893,"text":"Paul Modrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1946, Raton NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":894,"text":"Tomas Lindahl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1938, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":904,"text":"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1942, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":910,"text":"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":913,"text":"Richard Henderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":914,"text":"Joachim Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1940, Siegen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":915,"text":"Jacques Dubochet\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1942, Aigle, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1240,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2015 and 2017?","answers":["National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1241,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2015 and 2017?","answers":["Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell","Yoshinori Ohsumi","Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1242,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2015 and 2017?","answers":["Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1243,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2015 and 2017?","answers":["Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald","J. Michael Kosterlitz","F. Duncan M. Haldane","David J. Thouless","Kip S. Thorne","Rainer Weiss","Barry C. Barish"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":906,"text":"J. Michael Kosterlitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1943, Aberdeen, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":908,"text":"David J. Thouless\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1934, Bearsden, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Apr, 2019, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":916,"text":"Kip S. Thorne\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1940, Logan UT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":918,"text":"Rainer Weiss\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1932, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":922,"text":"Barry C. Barish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Omaha NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1244,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2016 and 2018?","answers":["Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1245,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2016 and 2018?","answers":["Bernard L. Feringa","Sir J. Fraser Stoddart","Jean-Pierre Sauvage","Richard Henderson","Joachim Frank","Jacques Dubochet","Sir Gregory P. Winter","George P. Smith","Frances H. Arnold"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":904,"text":"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1942, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":910,"text":"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":913,"text":"Richard Henderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":914,"text":"Joachim Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1940, Siegen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":915,"text":"Jacques Dubochet\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1942, Aigle, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":929,"text":"George P. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1941, Norwalk CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1246,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2016 and 2018?","answers":["Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1247,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2016 and 2018?","answers":["Yoshinori Ohsumi","Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall","Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1248,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2016 and 2018?","answers":["Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1249,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2016 and 2018?","answers":["J. Michael Kosterlitz","F. Duncan M. Haldane","David J. Thouless","Kip S. Thorne","Rainer Weiss","Barry C. Barish","Gérard Mourou","Arthur Ashkin","Donna Strickland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":906,"text":"J. Michael Kosterlitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1943, Aberdeen, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":908,"text":"David J. Thouless\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1934, Bearsden, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Apr, 2019, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":916,"text":"Kip S. Thorne\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1940, Logan UT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":918,"text":"Rainer Weiss\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1932, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":922,"text":"Barry C. Barish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Omaha NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":931,"text":"Gérard Mourou\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1944, Albertville, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":932,"text":"Arthur Ashkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Sep, 2020, Rumson NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1250,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2017 and 2019?","answers":["Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1251,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2017 and 2019?","answers":["Richard Henderson","Joachim Frank","Jacques Dubochet","Sir Gregory P. Winter","George P. Smith","Frances H. Arnold","Akira Yoshino","M. Stanley Whittingham","John Goodenough"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":913,"text":"Richard Henderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":914,"text":"Joachim Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1940, Siegen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":915,"text":"Jacques Dubochet\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1942, Aigle, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":929,"text":"George P. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1941, Norwalk CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":941,"text":"M. Stanley Whittingham\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1941, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Binghamton University State University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1252,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2017 and 2019?","answers":["International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1253,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2017 and 2019?","answers":["Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall","Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison","Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1254,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2017 and 2019?","answers":["Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1255,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2017 and 2019?","answers":["Kip S. Thorne","Rainer Weiss","Barry C. Barish","Gérard Mourou","Arthur Ashkin","Donna Strickland","Didier Queloz","Michel Mayor","James Peebles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":916,"text":"Kip S. Thorne\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1940, Logan UT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":918,"text":"Rainer Weiss\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1932, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":922,"text":"Barry C. Barish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Omaha NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":931,"text":"Gérard Mourou\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1944, Albertville, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":932,"text":"Arthur Ashkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Sep, 2020, Rumson NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":944,"text":"Michel Mayor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":945,"text":"James Peebles\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1935, Winnipeg, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1256,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2018 and 2020?","answers":["Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke","Louise Glück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1257,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2018 and 2020?","answers":["Sir Gregory P. Winter","George P. Smith","Frances H. Arnold","Akira Yoshino","M. Stanley Whittingham","John Goodenough","Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":929,"text":"George P. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1941, Norwalk CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":941,"text":"M. Stanley Whittingham\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1941, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Binghamton University State University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1258,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2018 and 2020?","answers":["Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali","World Food Programme "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"},{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1259,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2018 and 2020?","answers":["Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison","Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin","Charles Rice","Michael Houghton","Harvey Alter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":958,"text":"Charles Rice\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1952, Sacramento CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":959,"text":"Michael Houghton\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 1949, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":960,"text":"Harvey Alter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1935, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1260,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2018 and 2020?","answers":["Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo","Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1261,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2018 and 2020?","answers":["Gérard Mourou","Arthur Ashkin","Donna Strickland","Didier Queloz","Michel Mayor","James Peebles","Reinhard Genzel","Roger Penrose","Andrea Ghez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":931,"text":"Gérard Mourou\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1944, Albertville, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":932,"text":"Arthur Ashkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Sep, 2020, Rumson NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":944,"text":"Michel Mayor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":945,"text":"James Peebles\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1935, Winnipeg, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":956,"text":"Reinhard Genzel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1952, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":957,"text":"Roger Penrose\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1931, Colchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1262,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2019 and 2021?","answers":["Peter Handke","Louise Glück","Abdulrazak Gurnah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":962,"text":"Abdulrazak Gurnah\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2021.\nBorn: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1263,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2019 and 2021?","answers":["Akira Yoshino","M. Stanley Whittingham","John Goodenough","Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier","David MacMillan","Benjamin List"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":941,"text":"M. Stanley Whittingham\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1941, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Binghamton University State University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":968,"text":"David MacMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1968, Bellshill, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":974,"text":"Benjamin List\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1968, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1264,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2019 and 2021?","answers":["Abiy Ahmed Ali","World Food Programme ","Dmitry Muratov","Maria Ressa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"},{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"},{"docid":965,"text":"Dmitry Muratov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 1961, Kubyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1265,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2019 and 2021?","answers":["Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin","Charles Rice","Michael Houghton","Harvey Alter","Ardem Patapoutian","David Julius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":958,"text":"Charles Rice\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1952, Sacramento CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":959,"text":"Michael Houghton\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 1949, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":960,"text":"Harvey Alter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1935, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":972,"text":"Ardem Patapoutian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 1967, Beirut, Lebanon\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":973,"text":"David Julius\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1955, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1266,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2019 and 2021?","answers":["Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo","Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom","Joshua Angrist","David Card","Guido Imbens"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":963,"text":"Joshua Angrist\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1960, Columbus OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":964,"text":"David Card\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 1956, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirical contributions to labour economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":966,"text":"Guido Imbens\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1963, Geldrop, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1267,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2019 and 2021?","answers":["Didier Queloz","Michel Mayor","James Peebles","Reinhard Genzel","Roger Penrose","Andrea Ghez","Syukuro Manabe","Giorgio Parisi","Klaus Hasselmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":944,"text":"Michel Mayor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":945,"text":"James Peebles\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1935, Winnipeg, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":956,"text":"Reinhard Genzel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1952, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":957,"text":"Roger Penrose\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1931, Colchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":969,"text":"Syukuro Manabe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1931, Shingu Ehime, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":970,"text":"Giorgio Parisi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1948, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":971,"text":"Klaus Hasselmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1931, Hamburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1268,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1901 and 1904?","answers":["Sully Prudhomme","Theodor Mommsen","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1269,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1901 and 1904?","answers":["Jacobus H. van 't Hoff","Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":5,"text":"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 1, Mar, 1911, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1270,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1901 and 1904?","answers":["Henry Dunant","Frédéric Passy","Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun","Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1271,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1901 and 1904?","answers":["Emil von Behring","Ronald Ross","Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":1,"text":"Emil von Behring\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1854, Hansdorf (now Lawice), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Mar, 1917, Marburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marburg University, Marburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1272,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1901 and 1904?","answers":["Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen","Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":0,"text":"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1901.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1845, Lennep (now Remscheid), Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1923, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1273,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1902 and 1905?","answers":["Theodor Mommsen","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1274,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1902 and 1905?","answers":["Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1275,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1902 and 1905?","answers":["Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun","Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1276,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1902 and 1905?","answers":["Ronald Ross","Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1277,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1902 and 1905?","answers":["Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1278,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1903 and 1906?","answers":["Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1279,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1903 and 1906?","answers":["Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1280,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1903 and 1906?","answers":["Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1281,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1903 and 1906?","answers":["Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1282,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1903 and 1906?","answers":["Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1283,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1904 and 1907?","answers":["José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1284,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1904 and 1907?","answers":["Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1285,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1904 and 1907?","answers":["Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1286,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1904 and 1907?","answers":["Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1287,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1904 and 1907?","answers":["Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1288,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1905 and 1908?","answers":["Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1289,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1905 and 1908?","answers":["Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1290,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1905 and 1908?","answers":["Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1291,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1905 and 1908?","answers":["Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1292,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1905 and 1908?","answers":["Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1293,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1906 and 1909?","answers":["Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1294,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1906 and 1909?","answers":["Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1295,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1906 and 1909?","answers":["Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1296,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1906 and 1909?","answers":["Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1297,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1906 and 1909?","answers":["J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1298,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1907 and 1910?","answers":["Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1299,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1907 and 1910?","answers":["Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1300,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1907 and 1910?","answers":["Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1301,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1907 and 1910?","answers":["Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1302,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1907 and 1910?","answers":["Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1303,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1908 and 1911?","answers":["Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1304,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1908 and 1911?","answers":["Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach","Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1305,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1908 and 1911?","answers":["Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1306,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1908 and 1911?","answers":["Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1307,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1908 and 1911?","answers":["Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1308,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1909 and 1912?","answers":["Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1309,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1909 and 1912?","answers":["Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach","Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1310,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1909 and 1912?","answers":["Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1311,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1909 and 1912?","answers":["Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1312,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1909 and 1912?","answers":["Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1313,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1910 and 1913?","answers":["Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1314,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1910 and 1913?","answers":["Otto Wallach","Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1315,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1910 and 1913?","answers":["Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1316,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1910 and 1913?","answers":["Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1317,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1910 and 1913?","answers":["Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1318,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1911 and 1914?","answers":["Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1319,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1911 and 1914?","answers":["Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1320,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1911 and 1914?","answers":["Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1321,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1911 and 1914?","answers":["Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1322,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1911 and 1914?","answers":["Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1323,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1912 and 1915?","answers":["Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore","Romain Rolland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1324,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1912 and 1915?","answers":["Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1325,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1912 and 1915?","answers":["Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1326,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1912 and 1915?","answers":["Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1327,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1912 and 1915?","answers":["Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1328,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1913 and 1916?","answers":["Rabindranath Tagore","Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1329,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1913 and 1916?","answers":["Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1330,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1913 and 1916?","answers":["Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1331,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1913 and 1916?","answers":["Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1332,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1913 and 1916?","answers":["Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1333,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1914 and 1917?","answers":["Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1334,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1914 and 1917?","answers":["Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1335,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1914 and 1917?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1336,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1914 and 1917?","answers":["Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1337,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1914 and 1917?","answers":["Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg","Charles Glover Barkla"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1338,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1915 and 1918?","answers":["Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1339,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1915 and 1918?","answers":["Richard Willstätter","Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1340,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1915 and 1918?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1341,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1915 and 1918?","answers":["William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg","Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1342,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1916 and 1919?","answers":["Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Carl Spitteler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1343,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1916 and 1919?","answers":["Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1344,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1916 and 1919?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Woodrow Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1345,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1916 and 1919?","answers":["Jules Bordet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1346,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1916 and 1919?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck","Johannes Stark"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1347,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1917 and 1920?","answers":["Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1348,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1917 and 1920?","answers":["Fritz Haber","Walther Nernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1349,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1917 and 1920?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1350,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1917 and 1920?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1351,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1917 and 1920?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck","Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1352,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1918 and 1921?","answers":["Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun","Anatole France"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1353,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1918 and 1921?","answers":["Fritz Haber","Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1354,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1918 and 1921?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1355,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1918 and 1921?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1356,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1918 and 1921?","answers":["Max Planck","Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1357,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1919 and 1922?","answers":["Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun","Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1358,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1919 and 1922?","answers":["Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1359,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1919 and 1922?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1360,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1919 and 1922?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh","Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1361,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1919 and 1922?","answers":["Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1362,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1920 and 1923?","answers":["Knut Hamsun","Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1363,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1920 and 1923?","answers":["Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1364,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1920 and 1923?","answers":["Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1365,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1920 and 1923?","answers":["August Krogh","Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1366,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1920 and 1923?","answers":["Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1367,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1921 and 1924?","answers":["Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1368,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1921 and 1924?","answers":["Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1369,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1921 and 1924?","answers":["Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1370,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1921 and 1924?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1371,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1921 and 1924?","answers":["Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1372,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1922 and 1925?","answers":["Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1373,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1922 and 1925?","answers":["Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl","Richard Zsigmondy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1374,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1922 and 1925?","answers":["Fridtjof Nansen","Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"},{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1375,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1922 and 1925?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1376,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1922 and 1925?","answers":["Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1377,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1923 and 1926?","answers":["William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1378,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1923 and 1926?","answers":["Fritz Pregl","Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1379,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1923 and 1926?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1380,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1923 and 1926?","answers":["Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven","Johannes Fibiger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1381,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1923 and 1926?","answers":["Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1382,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1924 and 1927?","answers":["Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1383,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1924 and 1927?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1384,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1924 and 1927?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1385,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1924 and 1927?","answers":["Willem Einthoven","Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1386,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1924 and 1927?","answers":["Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1387,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1925 and 1928?","answers":["George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1388,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1925 and 1928?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1389,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1925 and 1928?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1390,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1925 and 1928?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1391,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1925 and 1928?","answers":["James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1392,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1926 and 1929?","answers":["Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1393,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1926 and 1929?","answers":["The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1394,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1926 and 1929?","answers":["Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson","Frank B. Kellogg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1395,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1926 and 1929?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1396,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1926 and 1929?","answers":["Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1397,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1927 and 1930?","answers":["Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1398,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1927 and 1930?","answers":["Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1399,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1927 and 1930?","answers":["Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson","Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1400,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1927 and 1930?","answers":["Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1401,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1927 and 1930?","answers":["Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1402,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1928 and 1931?","answers":["Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1403,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1928 and 1931?","answers":["Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1404,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1928 and 1931?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1405,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1928 and 1931?","answers":["Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1406,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1928 and 1931?","answers":["Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1407,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1929 and 1932?","answers":["Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1408,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1929 and 1932?","answers":["Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1409,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1929 and 1932?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1410,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1929 and 1932?","answers":["Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1411,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1929 and 1932?","answers":["Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman","Werner Heisenberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1412,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1930 and 1933?","answers":["Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1413,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1930 and 1933?","answers":["Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1414,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1930 and 1933?","answers":["Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler","Sir Norman Angell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1415,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1930 and 1933?","answers":["Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1416,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1930 and 1933?","answers":["Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman","Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1417,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1931 and 1934?","answers":["Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1418,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1931 and 1934?","answers":["Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir","Harold C. Urey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1419,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1931 and 1934?","answers":["Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler","Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1420,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1931 and 1934?","answers":["Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1421,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1931 and 1934?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1422,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1932 and 1935?","answers":["John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1423,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1932 and 1935?","answers":["Irving Langmuir","Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1424,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1932 and 1935?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1425,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1932 and 1935?","answers":["Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1426,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1932 and 1935?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger","James Chadwick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1427,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1933 and 1936?","answers":["Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello","Eugene O'Neill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1428,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1933 and 1936?","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1429,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1933 and 1936?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1430,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1933 and 1936?","answers":["Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1431,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1933 and 1936?","answers":["Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger","James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1432,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1934 and 1937?","answers":["Luigi Pirandello","Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1433,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1934 and 1937?","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1434,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1934 and 1937?","answers":["Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1435,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1934 and 1937?","answers":["George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1436,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1934 and 1937?","answers":["James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1437,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1935 and 1938?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1438,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1935 and 1938?","answers":["Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1439,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1935 and 1938?","answers":["Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1440,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1935 and 1938?","answers":["Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1441,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1935 and 1938?","answers":["James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1442,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1936 and 1939?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1443,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1936 and 1939?","answers":["Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1444,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1936 and 1939?","answers":["Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1445,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1936 and 1939?","answers":["Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1446,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1936 and 1939?","answers":["Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1447,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1937 and 1940?","answers":["Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1448,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1937 and 1940?","answers":["Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1449,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1937 and 1940?","answers":["Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1450,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1937 and 1940?","answers":["Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1451,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1937 and 1940?","answers":["George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1452,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1938 and 1941?","answers":["Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1453,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1938 and 1941?","answers":["Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1454,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1938 and 1941?","answers":["Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1455,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1938 and 1941?","answers":["Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1456,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1938 and 1941?","answers":["Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1457,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1939 and 1942?","answers":["Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1458,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1939 and 1942?","answers":["Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1459,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1939 and 1942?","answers":["Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1460,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1939 and 1942?","answers":["Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1461,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1940 and 1943?","answers":["George de Hevesy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1462,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1940 and 1943?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1463,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1940 and 1943?","answers":["Otto Stern"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1464,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1941 and 1944?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1465,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1941 and 1944?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1466,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1941 and 1944?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1467,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1941 and 1944?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1468,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1941 and 1944?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1469,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1942 and 1945?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1470,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1942 and 1945?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1471,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1942 and 1945?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1472,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1942 and 1945?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1473,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1942 and 1945?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1474,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1943 and 1946?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1475,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1943 and 1946?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1476,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1943 and 1946?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1477,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1943 and 1946?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1478,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1943 and 1946?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1479,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1944 and 1947?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse","André Gide"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1480,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1944 and 1947?","answers":["Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1481,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1944 and 1947?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1482,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1944 and 1947?","answers":["Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1483,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1944 and 1947?","answers":["Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1484,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1945 and 1948?","answers":["Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse","André Gide","T.S. Eliot"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1485,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1945 and 1948?","answers":["Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1486,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1945 and 1948?","answers":["Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1487,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1945 and 1948?","answers":["Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1488,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1945 and 1948?","answers":["Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1489,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1946 and 1949?","answers":["Hermann Hesse","André Gide","T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1490,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1946 and 1949?","answers":["James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1491,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1946 and 1949?","answers":["John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee ","John Boyd Orr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1492,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1946 and 1949?","answers":["Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1493,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1946 and 1949?","answers":["Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1494,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1947 and 1950?","answers":["André Gide","T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1495,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1947 and 1950?","answers":["Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1496,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1947 and 1950?","answers":["Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee ","John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1497,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1947 and 1950?","answers":["Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1498,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1947 and 1950?","answers":["Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1499,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1948 and 1951?","answers":["T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1500,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1948 and 1951?","answers":["Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1501,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1948 and 1951?","answers":["John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1502,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1948 and 1951?","answers":["Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1503,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1948 and 1951?","answers":["Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1504,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1949 and 1952?","answers":["William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1505,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1949 and 1952?","answers":["William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1506,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1949 and 1952?","answers":["John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1507,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1949 and 1952?","answers":["Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1508,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1949 and 1952?","answers":["Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1509,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1950 and 1953?","answers":["Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac","Winston Churchill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1510,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1950 and 1953?","answers":["Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1511,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1950 and 1953?","answers":["Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1512,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1950 and 1953?","answers":["Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1513,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1950 and 1953?","answers":["Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1514,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1951 and 1954?","answers":["Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac","Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1515,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1951 and 1954?","answers":["Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1516,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1951 and 1954?","answers":["Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1517,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1951 and 1954?","answers":["Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1518,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1951 and 1954?","answers":["Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1519,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1952 and 1955?","answers":["François Mauriac","Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1520,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1952 and 1955?","answers":["Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1521,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1952 and 1955?","answers":["Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1522,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1952 and 1955?","answers":["Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1523,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1952 and 1955?","answers":["Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1524,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1953 and 1956?","answers":["Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1525,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1953 and 1956?","answers":["Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1526,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1953 and 1956?","answers":["George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1527,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1953 and 1956?","answers":["Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1528,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1953 and 1956?","answers":["Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1529,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1954 and 1957?","answers":["Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1530,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1954 and 1957?","answers":["Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1531,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1954 and 1957?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Lester Bowles Pearson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"},{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1532,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1954 and 1957?","answers":["John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1533,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1954 and 1957?","answers":["Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley","Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1534,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1955 and 1958?","answers":["Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1535,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1955 and 1958?","answers":["Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1536,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1955 and 1958?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1537,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1955 and 1958?","answers":["Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1538,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1955 and 1958?","answers":["Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley","Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee","Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1539,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1956 and 1959?","answers":["Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1540,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1956 and 1959?","answers":["Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1541,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1956 and 1959?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1542,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1956 and 1959?","answers":["Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1543,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1956 and 1959?","answers":["Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley","Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee","Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1544,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1957 and 1960?","answers":["Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1545,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1957 and 1960?","answers":["Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1546,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1957 and 1960?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1547,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1957 and 1960?","answers":["Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa","Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1548,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1957 and 1960?","answers":["Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee","Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1549,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1958 and 1961?","answers":["Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1550,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1958 and 1961?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1551,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1958 and 1961?","answers":["Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1552,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1958 and 1961?","answers":["Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa","Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1553,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1958 and 1961?","answers":["Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1554,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1959 and 1962?","answers":["Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1555,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1959 and 1962?","answers":["Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1556,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1959 and 1962?","answers":["Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1557,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1959 and 1962?","answers":["Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa","Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy","Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1558,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1959 and 1962?","answers":["Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1559,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1960 and 1963?","answers":["Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1560,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1960 and 1963?","answers":["Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1561,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1960 and 1963?","answers":["Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1562,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1960 and 1963?","answers":["Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy","Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick","Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1563,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1960 and 1963?","answers":["Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1564,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1961 and 1964?","answers":["Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1565,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1961 and 1964?","answers":["Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1566,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1961 and 1964?","answers":["Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1567,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1961 and 1964?","answers":["Georg von Békésy","Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick","Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles","Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1568,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1961 and 1964?","answers":["Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer","Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1569,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1962 and 1965?","answers":["John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1570,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1962 and 1965?","answers":["John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1571,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1962 and 1965?","answers":["Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1572,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1962 and 1965?","answers":["Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer","Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1573,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1963 and 1966?","answers":["Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1574,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1963 and 1966?","answers":["Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1575,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1963 and 1966?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1576,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1963 and 1966?","answers":["Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles","Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch","François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod","Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1577,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1963 and 1966?","answers":["J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer","Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1578,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1964 and 1967?","answers":["Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1579,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1964 and 1967?","answers":["Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1580,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1964 and 1967?","answers":["Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1581,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1964 and 1967?","answers":["Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch","François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod","Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous","Ragnar Granit","George Wald","Keffer Hartline"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":377,"text":"George Wald\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1906, New York NY, USA\nDied: 12, Apr, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":382,"text":"Keffer Hartline\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1903, Bloomsburg PA, USA\nDied: 17, Mar, 1983, Fallston MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1582,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1964 and 1967?","answers":["Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1583,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1965 and 1968?","answers":["Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1584,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1965 and 1968?","answers":["Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1585,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1965 and 1968?","answers":["United Nations Children's Fund ","René Cassin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"},{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1586,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1965 and 1968?","answers":["Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1587,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1966 and 1969?","answers":["Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1588,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1966 and 1969?","answers":["Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1589,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1966 and 1969?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1590,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1966 and 1969?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1591,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1966 and 1969?","answers":["Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1592,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1967 and 1970?","answers":["Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1593,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1967 and 1970?","answers":["George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1594,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1967 and 1970?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1595,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1967 and 1970?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1596,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1967 and 1970?","answers":["Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1597,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1968 and 1971?","answers":["Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1598,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1968 and 1971?","answers":["Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1599,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1968 and 1971?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1600,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1968 and 1971?","answers":["H. Gobind Khorana","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Robert W. Holley","Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück","Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz","Earl W. Sutherland Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1601,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1968 and 1971?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1602,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1968 and 1971?","answers":["Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1603,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1969 and 1972?","answers":["Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1604,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1969 and 1972?","answers":["Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1605,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1969 and 1972?","answers":["International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1606,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1969 and 1972?","answers":["Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück","Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz","Earl W. Sutherland Jr.","Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1607,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1969 and 1972?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1608,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1969 and 1972?","answers":["Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1609,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1970 and 1973?","answers":["Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll","Patrick White"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1610,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1970 and 1973?","answers":["Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1611,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1970 and 1973?","answers":["Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt","Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1612,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1970 and 1973?","answers":["Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz","Earl W. Sutherland Jr.","Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter","Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1613,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1970 and 1973?","answers":["Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1614,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1970 and 1973?","answers":["Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer","Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1615,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1971 and 1974?","answers":["Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll","Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1616,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1971 and 1974?","answers":["Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1617,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1971 and 1974?","answers":["Willy Brandt","Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1618,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1971 and 1974?","answers":["Earl W. Sutherland Jr.","Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter","Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen","Christian de Duve","George E. Palade","Albert Claude"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1619,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1971 and 1974?","answers":["Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1620,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1971 and 1974?","answers":["Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer","Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever","Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1621,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1972 and 1975?","answers":["Heinrich Böll","Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1622,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1972 and 1975?","answers":["Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1623,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1972 and 1975?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1624,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1972 and 1975?","answers":["Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1625,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1973 and 1976?","answers":["Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1626,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1973 and 1976?","answers":["Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1627,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1973 and 1976?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1628,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1973 and 1976?","answers":["Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1629,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1973 and 1976?","answers":["Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever","Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle","Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater","Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1630,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1974 and 1977?","answers":["Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1631,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1974 and 1977?","answers":["Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1632,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1974 and 1977?","answers":["Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1633,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1974 and 1977?","answers":["Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1634,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1974 and 1977?","answers":["Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle","Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater","Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting","Philip W. Anderson","Sir Nevill F. Mott","John H. Van Vleck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":472,"text":"Philip W. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1923, Indianapolis IN, USA\nDied: 29, Mar, 2020, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":475,"text":"Sir Nevill F. Mott\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1905, Leeds, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1996, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1635,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1975 and 1978?","answers":["Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1636,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1975 and 1978?","answers":["John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1637,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1975 and 1978?","answers":["Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1638,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1975 and 1978?","answers":["Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1639,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1976 and 1979?","answers":["Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1640,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1976 and 1979?","answers":["William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1641,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1976 and 1979?","answers":["Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1642,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1976 and 1979?","answers":["Baruch S. Blumberg","D. Carleton Gajdusek","Andrew V. Schally","Rosalyn Yalow","Roger Guillemin","Hamilton O. Smith","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber","Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Allan M. Cormack"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":468,"text":"Baruch S. Blumberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 2011, Moffett Field CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":469,"text":"D. Carleton Gajdusek\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1923, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 12, Dec, 2008, Tromsø, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":477,"text":"Andrew V. Schally\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1926, Wilno (now Vilnius), Poland (now Lithuania)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans LA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":480,"text":"Roger Guillemin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1924, Dijon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Salk Institute, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":502,"text":"Allan M. Cormack\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1924, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 7, May, 1998, Winchester MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tufts University, Medford MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1643,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1976 and 1979?","answers":["Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1644,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1977 and 1980?","answers":["Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1645,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1977 and 1980?","answers":["Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1646,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1977 and 1980?","answers":["Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1647,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1977 and 1980?","answers":["James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1648,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1978 and 1981?","answers":["Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1649,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1978 and 1981?","answers":["Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1650,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1978 and 1981?","answers":["Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1651,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1978 and 1981?","answers":["Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1652,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1979 and 1982?","answers":["Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1653,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1979 and 1982?","answers":["Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1654,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1979 and 1982?","answers":["Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1655,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1979 and 1982?","answers":["Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin","George J. Stigler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1656,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1979 and 1982?","answers":["Sheldon Glashow","Steven Weinberg","Abdus Salam","Val Fitch","James Cronin","Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":499,"text":"Sheldon Glashow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1932, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":500,"text":"Steven Weinberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 3, May, 1933, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Austin TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":504,"text":"Abdus Salam\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1926, Jhang Maghiāna, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Nov, 1996, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1657,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1980 and 1983?","answers":["Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1658,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1980 and 1983?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug","Henry Taube"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1659,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1980 and 1983?","answers":["Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1660,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1980 and 1983?","answers":["Jean Dausset","Baruj Benacerraf","George D. Snell","David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel","John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson","Barbara McClintock"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":506,"text":"Jean Dausset\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France\nDied: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":515,"text":"George D. Snell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1661,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1980 and 1983?","answers":["Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin","George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1662,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1980 and 1983?","answers":["Val Fitch","James Cronin","Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1663,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1981 and 1984?","answers":["Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1664,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1981 and 1984?","answers":["Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug","Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1665,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1981 and 1984?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1666,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1981 and 1984?","answers":["David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel","John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson","Barbara McClintock","Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1667,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1981 and 1984?","answers":["James Tobin","George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1668,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1981 and 1984?","answers":["Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1669,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1982 and 1985?","answers":["Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1670,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1982 and 1985?","answers":["Aaron Klug","Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1671,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1982 and 1985?","answers":["Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1672,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1982 and 1985?","answers":["John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson","Barbara McClintock","Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein","Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1673,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1982 and 1985?","answers":["George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1674,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1982 and 1985?","answers":["Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1675,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1983 and 1986?","answers":["William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1676,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1983 and 1986?","answers":["Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle","Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1677,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1983 and 1986?","answers":["Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1678,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1983 and 1986?","answers":["Barbara McClintock","Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein","Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1679,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1983 and 1986?","answers":["Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1680,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1983 and 1986?","answers":["William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1681,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1984 and 1987?","answers":["Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1682,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1984 and 1987?","answers":["Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle","Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee","Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1683,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1984 and 1987?","answers":["Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1684,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1984 and 1987?","answers":["Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein","Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1685,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1984 and 1987?","answers":["Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1686,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1984 and 1987?","answers":["Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska","K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1687,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1985 and 1988?","answers":["Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1688,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1985 and 1988?","answers":["International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1689,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1985 and 1988?","answers":["Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1690,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1985 and 1988?","answers":["Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1691,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1985 and 1988?","answers":["Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska","K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz","Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1692,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1986 and 1989?","answers":["Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1693,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1986 and 1989?","answers":["Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1694,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1986 and 1989?","answers":["Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1695,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1986 and 1989?","answers":["James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1696,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1987 and 1990?","answers":["Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1697,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1987 and 1990?","answers":["Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram","Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer","Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1698,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1987 and 1990?","answers":["Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1699,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1987 and 1990?","answers":["Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1700,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1987 and 1990?","answers":["Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1701,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1988 and 1991?","answers":["Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1702,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1988 and 1991?","answers":["Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer","Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1703,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1988 and 1991?","answers":["United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1704,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1988 and 1991?","answers":["George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1705,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1988 and 1991?","answers":["Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1706,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1988 and 1991?","answers":["Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman","Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul","Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1707,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1989 and 1992?","answers":["Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1708,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1989 and 1992?","answers":["Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1709,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1989 and 1992?","answers":["Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1710,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1989 and 1992?","answers":["J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1711,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1989 and 1992?","answers":["Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1712,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1989 and 1992?","answers":["Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul","Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1713,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1990 and 1993?","answers":["Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1714,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1990 and 1993?","answers":["Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1715,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1990 and 1993?","answers":["Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1716,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1990 and 1993?","answers":["Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1717,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1990 and 1993?","answers":["Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1718,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1990 and 1993?","answers":["Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1719,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1991 and 1994?","answers":["Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1720,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1991 and 1994?","answers":["Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1721,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1991 and 1994?","answers":["Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1722,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1991 and 1994?","answers":["Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1723,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1991 and 1994?","answers":["Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1724,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1991 and 1994?","answers":["Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1725,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1992 and 1995?","answers":["Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1726,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1992 and 1995?","answers":["Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1727,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1992 and 1995?","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1728,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1992 and 1995?","answers":["Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell","Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1729,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1992 and 1995?","answers":["Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1730,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1992 and 1995?","answers":["Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1731,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1993 and 1996?","answers":["Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1732,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1993 and 1996?","answers":["Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland","Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1733,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1993 and 1996?","answers":["F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1734,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1993 and 1996?","answers":["Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell","Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1735,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1993 and 1996?","answers":["Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1736,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1993 and 1996?","answers":["Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl","David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1737,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1994 and 1997?","answers":["Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1738,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1994 and 1997?","answers":["George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland","Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto","John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1739,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1994 and 1997?","answers":["Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1740,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1994 and 1997?","answers":["Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell","Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1741,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1994 and 1997?","answers":["John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1742,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1994 and 1997?","answers":["Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl","David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff","William D. Phillips","Claude Cohen-Tannoudji","Steven Chu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":682,"text":"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1933, Constantine, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1743,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1995 and 1998?","answers":["Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo","José Saramago"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1744,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1995 and 1998?","answers":["Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1745,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1995 and 1998?","answers":["Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1746,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1995 and 1998?","answers":["Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1747,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1996 and 1999?","answers":["Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo","José Saramago","Günter Grass"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1748,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1996 and 1999?","answers":["Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto","John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer","Walter Kohn","John Pople","Ahmed Zewail"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1749,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1996 and 1999?","answers":["Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1750,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1996 and 1999?","answers":["Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1751,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1996 and 1999?","answers":["William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1752,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1997 and 2000?","answers":["Dario Fo","José Saramago","Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1753,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1997 and 2000?","answers":["John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer","Walter Kohn","John Pople","Ahmed Zewail","Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1754,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1997 and 2000?","answers":["Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1755,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1997 and 2000?","answers":["Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel","Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1756,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1997 and 2000?","answers":["Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1757,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1998 and 2001?","answers":["José Saramago","Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1758,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1998 and 2001?","answers":["Walter Kohn","John Pople","Ahmed Zewail","Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger","Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1759,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1998 and 2001?","answers":["John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1760,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1998 and 2001?","answers":["Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel","Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson","Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1761,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1998 and 2001?","answers":["Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1762,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1999 and 2002?","answers":["Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1763,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1999 and 2002?","answers":["Ahmed Zewail","Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger","Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles","Kurt Wüthrich","Koichi Tanaka","John B. Fenn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":739,"text":"John B. Fenn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 10, Dec, 2010, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1764,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1999 and 2002?","answers":["Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1765,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1999 and 2002?","answers":["Günter Blobel","Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson","Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell","John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1766,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1999 and 2002?","answers":["Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1767,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2000 and 2003?","answers":["Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1768,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2000 and 2003?","answers":["Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1769,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2000 and 2003?","answers":["Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1770,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2001 and 2004?","answers":["V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1771,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2001 and 2004?","answers":["Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1772,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2001 and 2004?","answers":["Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell","John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner","Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur","Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1773,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2001 and 2004?","answers":["George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1774,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2002 and 2005?","answers":["Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1775,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2002 and 2005?","answers":["Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1776,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2002 and 2005?","answers":["John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner","Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur","Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel","J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1777,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2002 and 2005?","answers":["Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1778,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2003 and 2006?","answers":["J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1779,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2003 and 2006?","answers":["Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre","Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover","Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin","Roger D. Kornberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1780,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2003 and 2006?","answers":["Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1781,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2003 and 2006?","answers":["Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur","Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel","J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall","Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1782,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2003 and 2006?","answers":["Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1783,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2004 and 2007?","answers":["Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1784,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2004 and 2007?","answers":["Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover","Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin","Roger D. Kornberg","Gerhard Ertl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1785,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2004 and 2007?","answers":["Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1786,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2004 and 2007?","answers":["Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel","J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall","Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire","Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1787,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2004 and 2007?","answers":["Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1788,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2004 and 2007?","answers":["David J. Gross","Frank Wilczek","H. David Politzer","Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber","George F. Smoot","John C. Mather","Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1789,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2005 and 2008?","answers":["Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1790,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2005 and 2008?","answers":["Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin","Roger D. Kornberg","Gerhard Ertl","Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1791,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2005 and 2008?","answers":["Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1792,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2005 and 2008?","answers":["J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall","Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire","Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi","Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1793,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2005 and 2008?","answers":["Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1794,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2005 and 2008?","answers":["Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber","George F. Smoot","John C. Mather","Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg","Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1795,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2006 and 2009?","answers":["Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1796,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2006 and 2009?","answers":["Roger D. Kornberg","Gerhard Ertl","Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura","Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1797,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2006 and 2009?","answers":["Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1798,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2006 and 2009?","answers":["Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1799,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2006 and 2009?","answers":["George F. Smoot","John C. Mather","Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg","Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi","George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1800,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2007 and 2010?","answers":["Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1801,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2007 and 2010?","answers":["Gerhard Ertl","Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura","Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1802,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2007 and 2010?","answers":["Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1803,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2007 and 2010?","answers":["Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi","Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen","Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn","Robert G. Edwards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1804,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2007 and 2010?","answers":["Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1805,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2007 and 2010?","answers":["Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg","Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi","George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle","Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1806,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2008 and 2011?","answers":["Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1807,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2008 and 2011?","answers":["Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura","Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi","Dan Shechtman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1808,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2008 and 2011?","answers":["Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1809,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2008 and 2011?","answers":["Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen","Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn","Robert G. Edwards","Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1810,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2008 and 2011?","answers":["Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1811,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2009 and 2012?","answers":["Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1812,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2009 and 2012?","answers":["Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi","Dan Shechtman","Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1813,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2009 and 2012?","answers":["Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1814,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2009 and 2012?","answers":["Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn","Robert G. Edwards","Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler","Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1815,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2009 and 2012?","answers":["Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1816,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2009 and 2012?","answers":["George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle","Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim","Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess","Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1817,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2010 and 2013?","answers":["Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan","Alice Munro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1818,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2010 and 2013?","answers":["Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi","Dan Shechtman","Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz","Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1819,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2010 and 2013?","answers":["Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1820,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2010 and 2013?","answers":["Robert G. Edwards","Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler","Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon","Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1821,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2010 and 2013?","answers":["Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1822,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2010 and 2013?","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim","Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess","Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland","Peter Higgs","François Englert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1823,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2011 and 2014?","answers":["Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan","Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1824,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2011 and 2014?","answers":["Dan Shechtman","Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz","Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus","William E. Moerner","Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1825,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2011 and 2014?","answers":["Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1826,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2011 and 2014?","answers":["Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1827,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2011 and 2014?","answers":["Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess","Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland","Peter Higgs","François Englert","Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1828,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2012 and 2015?","answers":["Mo Yan","Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1829,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2012 and 2015?","answers":["European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1830,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2012 and 2015?","answers":["Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1831,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2012 and 2015?","answers":["Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland","Peter Higgs","François Englert","Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura","Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1832,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2013 and 2016?","answers":["Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1833,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2013 and 2016?","answers":["Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1834,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2013 and 2016?","answers":["Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman","Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe","Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell","Yoshinori Ohsumi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1835,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2013 and 2016?","answers":["Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1836,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 2013 and 2016?","answers":["Peter Higgs","François Englert","Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura","Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald","J. Michael Kosterlitz","F. Duncan M. Haldane","David J. Thouless"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":906,"text":"J. Michael Kosterlitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1943, Aberdeen, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":908,"text":"David J. Thouless\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1934, Bearsden, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Apr, 2019, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1837,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2014 and 2017?","answers":["Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1838,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2014 and 2017?","answers":["Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1839,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2014 and 2017?","answers":["Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe","Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell","Yoshinori Ohsumi","Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1840,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2014 and 2017?","answers":["Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1841,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2015 and 2018?","answers":["Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1842,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2015 and 2018?","answers":["National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1843,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2015 and 2018?","answers":["Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell","Yoshinori Ohsumi","Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall","Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1844,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2015 and 2018?","answers":["Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1845,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2016 and 2019?","answers":["Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1846,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2016 and 2019?","answers":["Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1847,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2016 and 2019?","answers":["Yoshinori Ohsumi","Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall","Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison","Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1848,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2016 and 2019?","answers":["Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":1849,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2017 and 2020?","answers":["Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke","Louise Glück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1850,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2017 and 2020?","answers":["International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali","World Food Programme "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"},{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1851,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2017 and 2020?","answers":["Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo","Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1852,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2018 and 2021?","answers":["Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke","Louise Glück","Abdulrazak Gurnah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":962,"text":"Abdulrazak Gurnah\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2021.\nBorn: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1853,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2018 and 2021?","answers":["Sir Gregory P. Winter","George P. Smith","Frances H. Arnold","Akira Yoshino","M. Stanley Whittingham","John Goodenough","Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier","David MacMillan","Benjamin List"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":929,"text":"George P. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1941, Norwalk CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":941,"text":"M. Stanley Whittingham\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1941, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Binghamton University State University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":968,"text":"David MacMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1968, Bellshill, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":974,"text":"Benjamin List\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1968, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1854,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2018 and 2021?","answers":["Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali","World Food Programme ","Dmitry Muratov","Maria Ressa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"},{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"},{"docid":965,"text":"Dmitry Muratov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 1961, Kubyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1855,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 2018 and 2021?","answers":["Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison","Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin","Charles Rice","Michael Houghton","Harvey Alter","Ardem Patapoutian","David Julius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":958,"text":"Charles Rice\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1952, Sacramento CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":959,"text":"Michael Houghton\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 1949, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":960,"text":"Harvey Alter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1935, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":972,"text":"Ardem Patapoutian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 1967, Beirut, Lebanon\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":973,"text":"David Julius\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1955, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1856,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2018 and 2021?","answers":["Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo","Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom","Joshua Angrist","David Card","Guido Imbens"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":963,"text":"Joshua Angrist\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1960, Columbus OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":964,"text":"David Card\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 1956, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirical contributions to labour economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":966,"text":"Guido Imbens\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1963, Geldrop, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":1857,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1901 and 1905?","answers":["Sully Prudhomme","Theodor Mommsen","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1858,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1901 and 1905?","answers":["Jacobus H. van 't Hoff","Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":5,"text":"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 1, Mar, 1911, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1859,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1901 and 1905?","answers":["Henry Dunant","Frédéric Passy","Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun","Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1860,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1901 and 1905?","answers":["Emil von Behring","Ronald Ross","Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":1,"text":"Emil von Behring\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1854, Hansdorf (now Lawice), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Mar, 1917, Marburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marburg University, Marburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1861,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1901 and 1905?","answers":["Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen","Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":0,"text":"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1901.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1845, Lennep (now Remscheid), Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1923, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1862,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1902 and 1906?","answers":["Theodor Mommsen","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1863,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1902 and 1906?","answers":["Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1864,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1902 and 1906?","answers":["Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun","Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1865,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1902 and 1906?","answers":["Ronald Ross","Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1866,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1902 and 1906?","answers":["Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1867,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1903 and 1907?","answers":["Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1868,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1903 and 1907?","answers":["Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1869,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1903 and 1907?","answers":["Randal Cremer","Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1870,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1903 and 1907?","answers":["Niels Ryberg Finsen","Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1871,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1903 and 1907?","answers":["Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie","Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1872,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1904 and 1908?","answers":["José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1873,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1904 and 1908?","answers":["Sir William Ramsay","Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1874,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1904 and 1908?","answers":["Institute of International Law ","Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1875,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1904 and 1908?","answers":["Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1876,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1904 and 1908?","answers":["Lord Rayleigh","Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1877,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1905 and 1909?","answers":["Henryk Sienkiewicz","Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1878,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1905 and 1909?","answers":["Adolf von Baeyer","Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1879,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1905 and 1909?","answers":["Bertha von Suttner","Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1880,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1905 and 1909?","answers":["Robert Koch","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1881,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1905 and 1909?","answers":["Philipp Lenard","J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1882,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1906 and 1910?","answers":["Giosuè Carducci","Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1883,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1906 and 1910?","answers":["Henri Moissan","Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1884,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1906 and 1910?","answers":["Theodore Roosevelt","Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1885,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1906 and 1910?","answers":["Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1886,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1906 and 1910?","answers":["J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1887,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1907 and 1911?","answers":["Rudyard Kipling","Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1888,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1907 and 1911?","answers":["Eduard Buchner","Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach","Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1889,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1907 and 1911?","answers":["Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1890,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1907 and 1911?","answers":["Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1891,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1907 and 1911?","answers":["Albert A. Michelson","Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1892,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1908 and 1912?","answers":["Rudolf Eucken","Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1893,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1908 and 1912?","answers":["Ernest Rutherford","Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach","Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1894,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1908 and 1912?","answers":["Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1895,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1908 and 1912?","answers":["Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich","Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1896,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1908 and 1912?","answers":["Gabriel Lippmann","Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1897,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1909 and 1913?","answers":["Selma Lagerlöf","Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1898,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1909 and 1913?","answers":["Wilhelm Ostwald","Otto Wallach","Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1899,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1909 and 1913?","answers":["Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1900,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1909 and 1913?","answers":["Theodor Kocher","Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1901,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1909 and 1913?","answers":["Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun","Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1902,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1910 and 1914?","answers":["Paul Heyse","Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1903,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1910 and 1914?","answers":["Otto Wallach","Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1904,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1910 and 1914?","answers":["Permanent International Peace Bureau ","Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"},{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1905,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1910 and 1914?","answers":["Albrecht Kossel","Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1906,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1910 and 1914?","answers":["Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1907,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1911 and 1915?","answers":["Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore","Romain Rolland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1908,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1911 and 1915?","answers":["Marie Curie","Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1909,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1911 and 1915?","answers":["Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser","Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1910,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1911 and 1915?","answers":["Allvar Gullstrand","Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1911,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1911 and 1915?","answers":["Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1912,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1912 and 1916?","answers":["Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore","Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1913,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1912 and 1916?","answers":["Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard","Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1914,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1912 and 1916?","answers":["Elihu Root","Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1915,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1912 and 1916?","answers":["Alexis Carrel","Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1916,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1912 and 1916?","answers":["Gustaf Dalén","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1917,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1913 and 1917?","answers":["Rabindranath Tagore","Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1918,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1913 and 1917?","answers":["Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1919,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1913 and 1917?","answers":["Henri La Fontaine","International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1920,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1913 and 1917?","answers":["Charles Richet","Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1921,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1913 and 1917?","answers":["Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg","Charles Glover Barkla"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1922,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1914 and 1918?","answers":["Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1923,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1914 and 1918?","answers":["Theodore W. Richards","Richard Willstätter","Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1924,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1914 and 1918?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1925,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1914 and 1918?","answers":["Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1926,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1914 and 1918?","answers":["Max von Laue","William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg","Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1927,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1915 and 1919?","answers":["Romain Rolland","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Carl Spitteler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1928,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1915 and 1919?","answers":["Richard Willstätter","Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1929,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1915 and 1919?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Woodrow Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1930,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1915 and 1919?","answers":["Jules Bordet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1931,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1915 and 1919?","answers":["William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg","Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck","Johannes Stark"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1932,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1916 and 1920?","answers":["Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1933,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1916 and 1920?","answers":["Fritz Haber","Walther Nernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1934,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1916 and 1920?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1935,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1916 and 1920?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1936,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1916 and 1920?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck","Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1937,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1917 and 1921?","answers":["Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun","Anatole France"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1938,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1917 and 1921?","answers":["Fritz Haber","Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1939,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1917 and 1921?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1940,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1917 and 1921?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1941,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1917 and 1921?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla","Max Planck","Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1942,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1918 and 1922?","answers":["Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun","Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1943,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1918 and 1922?","answers":["Fritz Haber","Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1944,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1918 and 1922?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1945,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1918 and 1922?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh","Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1946,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1918 and 1922?","answers":["Max Planck","Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1947,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1919 and 1923?","answers":["Carl Spitteler","Knut Hamsun","Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1948,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1919 and 1923?","answers":["Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1949,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1919 and 1923?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1950,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1919 and 1923?","answers":["Jules Bordet","August Krogh","Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1951,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1919 and 1923?","answers":["Johannes Stark","Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1952,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1920 and 1924?","answers":["Knut Hamsun","Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1953,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1920 and 1924?","answers":["Walther Nernst","Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1954,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1920 and 1924?","answers":["Léon Bourgeois","Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1955,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1920 and 1924?","answers":["August Krogh","Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1956,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1920 and 1924?","answers":["Charles Edouard Guillaume","Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1957,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1921 and 1925?","answers":["Anatole France","Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1958,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1921 and 1925?","answers":["Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl","Richard Zsigmondy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1959,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1921 and 1925?","answers":["Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange","Fridtjof Nansen","Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"},{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1960,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1921 and 1925?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1961,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1921 and 1925?","answers":["Albert Einstein","Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1962,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1922 and 1926?","answers":["Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1963,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1922 and 1926?","answers":["Francis W. Aston","Fritz Pregl","Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1964,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1922 and 1926?","answers":["Fridtjof Nansen","Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"},{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1965,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1922 and 1926?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven","Johannes Fibiger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1966,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1922 and 1926?","answers":["Niels Bohr","Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1967,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1923 and 1927?","answers":["William Butler Yeats","Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1968,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1923 and 1927?","answers":["Fritz Pregl","Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1969,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1923 and 1927?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1970,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1923 and 1927?","answers":["Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod","Willem Einthoven","Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1971,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1923 and 1927?","answers":["Robert A. Millikan","Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1972,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1924 and 1928?","answers":["Wladyslaw Reymont","George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1973,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1924 and 1928?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1974,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1924 and 1928?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1975,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1924 and 1928?","answers":["Willem Einthoven","Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1976,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1924 and 1928?","answers":["Manne Siegbahn","James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1977,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1925 and 1929?","answers":["George Bernard Shaw","Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1978,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1925 and 1929?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy","The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1979,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1925 and 1929?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson","Frank B. Kellogg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1980,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1925 and 1929?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1981,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1925 and 1929?","answers":["James Franck","Gustav Hertz","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1982,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1926 and 1930?","answers":["Grazia Deledda","Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1983,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1926 and 1930?","answers":["The Svedberg","Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1984,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1926 and 1930?","answers":["Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand","Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson","Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1985,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1926 and 1930?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1986,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1926 and 1930?","answers":["Jean Baptiste Perrin","Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1987,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1927 and 1931?","answers":["Henri Bergson","Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1988,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1927 and 1931?","answers":["Heinrich Wieland","Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1989,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1927 and 1931?","answers":["Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson","Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1990,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1927 and 1931?","answers":["Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1991,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1927 and 1931?","answers":["Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson","Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1992,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1928 and 1932?","answers":["Sigrid Undset","Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1993,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1928 and 1932?","answers":["Adolf Windaus","Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1994,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1928 and 1932?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":1995,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1928 and 1932?","answers":["Charles Nicolle","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":1996,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1928 and 1932?","answers":["Owen Willans Richardson","Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman","Werner Heisenberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1997,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1929 and 1933?","answers":["Thomas Mann","Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1998,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1929 and 1933?","answers":["Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":1999,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1929 and 1933?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg","Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler","Sir Norman Angell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2000,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1929 and 1933?","answers":["Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2001,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1929 and 1933?","answers":["Louis de Broglie","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman","Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2002,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1930 and 1934?","answers":["Sinclair Lewis","Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2003,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1930 and 1934?","answers":["Hans Fischer","Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir","Harold C. Urey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2004,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1930 and 1934?","answers":["Nathan Söderblom","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler","Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2005,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1930 and 1934?","answers":["Karl Landsteiner","Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2006,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1930 and 1934?","answers":["Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman","Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2007,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1931 and 1935?","answers":["Erik Axel Karlfeldt","John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2008,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1931 and 1935?","answers":["Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius","Irving Langmuir","Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2009,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1931 and 1935?","answers":["Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler","Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2010,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1931 and 1935?","answers":["Otto Warburg","Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2011,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1931 and 1935?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger","James Chadwick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2012,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1932 and 1936?","answers":["John Galsworthy","Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello","Eugene O'Neill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2013,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1932 and 1936?","answers":["Irving Langmuir","Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2014,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1932 and 1936?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2015,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1932 and 1936?","answers":["Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington","Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2016,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1932 and 1936?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger","James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2017,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1933 and 1937?","answers":["Ivan Bunin","Luigi Pirandello","Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2018,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1933 and 1937?","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2019,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1933 and 1937?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2020,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1933 and 1937?","answers":["Thomas H. Morgan","George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2021,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1933 and 1937?","answers":["Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger","James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2022,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1934 and 1938?","answers":["Luigi Pirandello","Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2023,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1934 and 1938?","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2024,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1934 and 1938?","answers":["Arthur Henderson","Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2025,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1934 and 1938?","answers":["George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy","Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2026,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1934 and 1938?","answers":["James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2027,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1935 and 1939?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2028,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1935 and 1939?","answers":["Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie","Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2029,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1935 and 1939?","answers":["Carl von Ossietzky","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2030,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1935 and 1939?","answers":["Hans Spemann","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2031,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1935 and 1939?","answers":["James Chadwick","Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2032,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1936 and 1940?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2033,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1936 and 1940?","answers":["Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2034,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1936 and 1940?","answers":["Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2035,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1936 and 1940?","answers":["Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2036,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1936 and 1940?","answers":["Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson","George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2037,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1937 and 1941?","answers":["Roger Martin du Gard","Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2038,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1937 and 1941?","answers":["Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer","Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2039,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1937 and 1941?","answers":["Robert Cecil","Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2040,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1937 and 1941?","answers":["Albert Szent-Györgyi","Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2041,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1937 and 1941?","answers":["George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson","Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2042,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1938 and 1942?","answers":["Pearl Buck","Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2043,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1938 and 1942?","answers":["Richard Kuhn","Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2044,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1938 and 1942?","answers":["Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2045,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1938 and 1942?","answers":["Corneille Heymans","Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2046,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1938 and 1942?","answers":["Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2047,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1939 and 1943?","answers":["Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2048,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1939 and 1943?","answers":["Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt","George de Hevesy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2049,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1939 and 1943?","answers":["Gerhard Domagk","Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2050,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1939 and 1943?","answers":["Ernest Lawrence","Otto Stern"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2051,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1940 and 1944?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2052,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1940 and 1944?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2053,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1940 and 1944?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2054,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1940 and 1944?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2055,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1940 and 1944?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2056,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1941 and 1945?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2057,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1941 and 1945?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2058,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1941 and 1945?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2059,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1941 and 1945?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2060,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1941 and 1945?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2061,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1942 and 1946?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2062,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1942 and 1946?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2063,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1942 and 1946?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2064,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1942 and 1946?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2065,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1942 and 1946?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2066,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1943 and 1947?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse","André Gide"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2067,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1943 and 1947?","answers":["George de Hevesy","Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2068,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1943 and 1947?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2069,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1943 and 1947?","answers":["Otto Stern","Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2070,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1944 and 1948?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen","Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse","André Gide","T.S. Eliot"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2071,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1944 and 1948?","answers":["Otto Hahn","Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2072,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1944 and 1948?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2073,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1944 and 1948?","answers":["Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser","Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2074,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1944 and 1948?","answers":["Isidor Isaac Rabi","Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2075,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1945 and 1949?","answers":["Gabriela Mistral","Hermann Hesse","André Gide","T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2076,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1945 and 1949?","answers":["Artturi Virtanen","James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2077,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1945 and 1949?","answers":["Cordell Hull","John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee ","John Boyd Orr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2078,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1945 and 1949?","answers":["Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey","Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2079,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1945 and 1949?","answers":["Wolfgang Pauli","Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2080,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1946 and 1950?","answers":["Hermann Hesse","André Gide","T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2081,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1946 and 1950?","answers":["James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley","Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2082,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1946 and 1950?","answers":["John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch","Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee ","John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2083,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1946 and 1950?","answers":["Hermann J. Muller","Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2084,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1946 and 1950?","answers":["Percy W. Bridgman","Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2085,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1947 and 1951?","answers":["André Gide","T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2086,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1947 and 1951?","answers":["Sir Robert Robinson","Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2087,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1947 and 1951?","answers":["Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee ","John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2088,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1947 and 1951?","answers":["Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori","Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2089,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1947 and 1951?","answers":["Edward V. Appleton","Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2090,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1948 and 1952?","answers":["T.S. Eliot","William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2091,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1948 and 1952?","answers":["Arne Tiselius","William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2092,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1948 and 1952?","answers":["John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2093,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1948 and 1952?","answers":["Paul Müller","Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2094,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1948 and 1952?","answers":["Patrick M.S. Blackett","Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2095,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1949 and 1953?","answers":["William Faulkner","Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac","Winston Churchill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2096,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1949 and 1953?","answers":["William F. Giauque","Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2097,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1949 and 1953?","answers":["John Boyd Orr","Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2098,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1949 and 1953?","answers":["Egas Moniz","Walter Hess","Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2099,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1949 and 1953?","answers":["Hideki Yukawa","Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2100,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1950 and 1954?","answers":["Bertrand Russell","Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac","Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2101,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1950 and 1954?","answers":["Kurt Alder","Otto Diels","Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2102,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1950 and 1954?","answers":["Ralph Bunche","Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2103,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1950 and 1954?","answers":["Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall","Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2104,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1950 and 1954?","answers":["Cecil Powell","Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2105,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1951 and 1955?","answers":["Pär Lagerkvist","François Mauriac","Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2106,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1951 and 1955?","answers":["Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg","Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2107,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1951 and 1955?","answers":["Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2108,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1951 and 1955?","answers":["Max Theiler","Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2109,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1951 and 1955?","answers":["Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft","Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2110,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1952 and 1956?","answers":["François Mauriac","Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2111,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1952 and 1956?","answers":["Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin","Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2112,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1952 and 1956?","answers":["Albert Schweitzer","George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2113,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1952 and 1956?","answers":["Selman A. Waksman","Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2114,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1952 and 1956?","answers":["Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell","Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2115,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1953 and 1957?","answers":["Winston Churchill","Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2116,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1953 and 1957?","answers":["Hermann Staudinger","Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2117,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1953 and 1957?","answers":["George C. Marshall","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Lester Bowles Pearson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"},{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2118,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1953 and 1957?","answers":["Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins","Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2119,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1953 and 1957?","answers":["Frits Zernike","Max Born","Walther Bothe","Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb","Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley","Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2120,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1954 and 1958?","answers":["Ernest Hemingway","Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2121,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1954 and 1958?","answers":["Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2122,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1954 and 1958?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"},{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2123,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1955 and 1959?","answers":["Halldór Laxness","Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2124,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1955 and 1959?","answers":["Vincent du Vigneaud","Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2125,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1955 and 1959?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2126,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1955 and 1959?","answers":["Hugo Theorell","Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards","Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2127,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1956 and 1960?","answers":["Juan Ramón Jiménez","Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2128,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1956 and 1960?","answers":["Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2129,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1956 and 1960?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2130,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1957 and 1961?","answers":["Albert Camus","Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2131,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1957 and 1961?","answers":["Lord Todd","Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2132,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1957 and 1961?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2133,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1957 and 1961?","answers":["Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle","Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa","Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2134,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1957 and 1961?","answers":["Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee","Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2135,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1958 and 1962?","answers":["Boris Pasternak","Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2136,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1958 and 1962?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2137,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1958 and 1962?","answers":["Georges Pire","Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2138,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1958 and 1962?","answers":["Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov","Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2139,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1959 and 1963?","answers":["Salvatore Quasimodo","Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2140,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1959 and 1963?","answers":["Jaroslav Heyrovsky","Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2141,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1959 and 1963?","answers":["Philip Noel-Baker","Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2142,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1959 and 1963?","answers":["Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè","Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2143,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1960 and 1964?","answers":["Saint-John Perse","Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2144,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1960 and 1964?","answers":["Willard F. Libby","Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2145,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1960 and 1964?","answers":["Albert Lutuli","Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2146,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1960 and 1964?","answers":["Donald A. Glaser","Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter","Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer","Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2147,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1961 and 1965?","answers":["Ivo Andric","John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2148,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1961 and 1965?","answers":["Melvin Calvin","John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2149,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1961 and 1965?","answers":["Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2150,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1962 and 1966?","answers":["John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2151,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1962 and 1966?","answers":["John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz","Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2152,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1962 and 1966?","answers":["Linus Pauling","International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2153,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1963 and 1967?","answers":["Giorgos Seferis","Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2154,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1963 and 1967?","answers":["Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2155,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1963 and 1967?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies ","Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2156,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1964 and 1968?","answers":["Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2157,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1964 and 1968?","answers":["Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2158,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1964 and 1968?","answers":["Martin Luther King Jr.","United Nations Children's Fund ","René Cassin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"},{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2159,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1964 and 1968?","answers":["Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2160,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1965 and 1969?","answers":["Mikhail Sholokhov","Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2161,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1965 and 1969?","answers":["Robert B. Woodward","Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2162,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1965 and 1969?","answers":["United Nations Children's Fund ","René Cassin","International Labour Organization "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"},{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2163,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1965 and 1969?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2164,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1965 and 1969?","answers":["Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2165,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1966 and 1970?","answers":["Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs","Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2166,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1966 and 1970?","answers":["Robert S. Mulliken","George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2167,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1966 and 1970?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2168,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1966 and 1970?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2169,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1966 and 1970?","answers":["Alfred Kastler","Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2170,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1967 and 1971?","answers":["Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2171,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1967 and 1971?","answers":["George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen","Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2172,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1967 and 1971?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2173,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1967 and 1971?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2174,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1967 and 1971?","answers":["Hans Bethe","Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2175,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1968 and 1972?","answers":["Yasunari Kawabata","Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2176,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1968 and 1972?","answers":["Lars Onsager","Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2177,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1968 and 1972?","answers":["René Cassin","International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"},{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2178,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1968 and 1972?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2179,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1968 and 1972?","answers":["Luis Alvarez","Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2180,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1969 and 1973?","answers":["Samuel Beckett","Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll","Patrick White"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2181,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1969 and 1973?","answers":["Derek Barton","Odd Hassel","Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2182,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1969 and 1973?","answers":["International Labour Organization ","Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt","Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2183,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1969 and 1973?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen","Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2184,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1969 and 1973?","answers":["Murray Gell-Mann","Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel","Dennis Gabor","Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer","Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2185,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1970 and 1974?","answers":["Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll","Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2186,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1970 and 1974?","answers":["Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2187,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1970 and 1974?","answers":["Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt","Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2188,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1970 and 1974?","answers":["Paul A. Samuelson","Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2189,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1971 and 1975?","answers":["Pablo Neruda","Heinrich Böll","Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2190,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1971 and 1975?","answers":["Gerhard Herzberg","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2191,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1971 and 1975?","answers":["Willy Brandt","Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2192,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1971 and 1975?","answers":["Simon Kuznets","Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2193,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1972 and 1976?","answers":["Heinrich Böll","Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2194,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1972 and 1976?","answers":["Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein","Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2195,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1972 and 1976?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2196,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1972 and 1976?","answers":["Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2197,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1973 and 1977?","answers":["Patrick White","Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2198,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1973 and 1977?","answers":["Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2199,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1973 and 1977?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2200,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1973 and 1977?","answers":["Wassily Leontief","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2201,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1974 and 1978?","answers":["Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson","Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2202,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1974 and 1978?","answers":["Paul J. Flory","John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2203,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1974 and 1978?","answers":["Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2204,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1974 and 1978?","answers":["Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2205,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1975 and 1979?","answers":["Eugenio Montale","Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2206,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1975 and 1979?","answers":["John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog","William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2207,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1975 and 1979?","answers":["Andrei Sakharov","Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2208,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1975 and 1979?","answers":["Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2209,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1976 and 1980?","answers":["Saul Bellow","Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2210,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1976 and 1980?","answers":["William Lipscomb","Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2211,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1976 and 1980?","answers":["Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2212,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1976 and 1980?","answers":["Milton Friedman","James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2213,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1977 and 1981?","answers":["Vicente Aleixandre","Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2214,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1977 and 1981?","answers":["Ilya Prigogine","Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2215,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1977 and 1981?","answers":["Amnesty International ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2216,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1977 and 1981?","answers":["James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin","Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2217,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1978 and 1982?","answers":["Isaac Bashevis Singer","Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2218,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1978 and 1982?","answers":["Peter Mitchell","Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2219,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1978 and 1982?","answers":["Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2220,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1978 and 1982?","answers":["Herbert Simon","Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin","George J. Stigler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2221,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1979 and 1983?","answers":["Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2222,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1979 and 1983?","answers":["Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown","Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug","Henry Taube"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2223,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1979 and 1983?","answers":["Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2224,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1979 and 1983?","answers":["Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis","Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin","George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2225,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1980 and 1984?","answers":["Czeslaw Milosz","Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2226,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1980 and 1984?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert","Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug","Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2227,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1980 and 1984?","answers":["Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2228,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1980 and 1984?","answers":["Lawrence R. Klein","James Tobin","George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2229,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1980 and 1984?","answers":["Val Fitch","James Cronin","Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2230,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1981 and 1985?","answers":["Elias Canetti","Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2231,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1981 and 1985?","answers":["Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann","Aaron Klug","Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2232,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1981 and 1985?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ","Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2233,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1981 and 1985?","answers":["James Tobin","George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2234,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1981 and 1985?","answers":["Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn","Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2235,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1982 and 1986?","answers":["Gabriel García Márquez","William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2236,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1982 and 1986?","answers":["Aaron Klug","Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle","Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2237,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1982 and 1986?","answers":["Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles","Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2238,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1982 and 1986?","answers":["George J. Stigler","Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2239,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1982 and 1986?","answers":["Kenneth G. Wilson","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2240,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1983 and 1987?","answers":["William Golding","Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2241,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1983 and 1987?","answers":["Henry Taube","Bruce Merrifield","Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle","Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee","Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2242,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1983 and 1987?","answers":["Lech Walesa","Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2243,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1983 and 1987?","answers":["Barbara McClintock","Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein","Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2244,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1983 and 1987?","answers":["Gerard Debreu","Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2245,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1983 and 1987?","answers":["William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar","Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia","Klaus von Klitzing","Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska","K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2246,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1984 and 1988?","answers":["Jaroslav Seifert","Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2247,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1984 and 1988?","answers":["Desmond Tutu","International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2248,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1984 and 1988?","answers":["Richard Stone","Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2249,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1985 and 1989?","answers":["Claude Simon","Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2250,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1985 and 1989?","answers":["International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ","Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2251,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1985 and 1989?","answers":["Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown","Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2252,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1985 and 1989?","answers":["Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2253,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1986 and 1990?","answers":["Wole Soyinka","Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2254,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1986 and 1990?","answers":["Elie Wiesel","Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2255,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1986 and 1990?","answers":["Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen","Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2256,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1986 and 1990?","answers":["James M. Buchanan Jr.","Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2257,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1987 and 1991?","answers":["Joseph Brodsky","Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2258,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1987 and 1991?","answers":["Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram","Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer","Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2259,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1987 and 1991?","answers":["Oscar Arias Sánchez","United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2260,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1987 and 1991?","answers":["Susumu Tonegawa","George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion","J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2261,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1987 and 1991?","answers":["Robert M. Solow","Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2262,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1988 and 1992?","answers":["Naguib Mahfouz","Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2263,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1988 and 1992?","answers":["Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer","Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2264,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1988 and 1992?","answers":["United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ","Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2265,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1988 and 1992?","answers":["Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2266,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1989 and 1993?","answers":["Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2267,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1989 and 1993?","answers":["Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman","Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2268,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1989 and 1993?","answers":["Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2269,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1989 and 1993?","answers":["J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus","Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2270,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1989 and 1993?","answers":["Trygve Haavelmo","Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2271,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1989 and 1993?","answers":["Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul","Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2272,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1990 and 1994?","answers":["Octavio Paz","Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2273,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1990 and 1994?","answers":["Elias James Corey","Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2274,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1990 and 1994?","answers":["Mikhail Gorbachev","Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2275,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1990 and 1994?","answers":["Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas","Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher","Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs","Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2276,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1990 and 1994?","answers":["Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe","Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2277,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1990 and 1994?","answers":["Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman","Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2278,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1991 and 1995?","answers":["Nadine Gordimer","Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2279,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1991 and 1995?","answers":["Richard R. Ernst","Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2280,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1991 and 1995?","answers":["Aung San Suu Kyi ","Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2281,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1991 and 1995?","answers":["Ronald H. Coase","Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2282,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1991 and 1995?","answers":["Pierre-Gilles de Gennes","Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2283,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1992 and 1996?","answers":["Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2284,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1992 and 1996?","answers":["Rudolph A. Marcus","Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis","George A. Olah","Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland","Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2285,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1992 and 1996?","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum","F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2286,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1992 and 1996?","answers":["Gary Becker","Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2287,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1992 and 1996?","answers":["Georges Charpak","Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull","Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl","David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2288,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1993 and 1997?","answers":["Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2289,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1993 and 1997?","answers":["Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts","Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell","Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2290,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1993 and 1997?","answers":["Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel","John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2291,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1994 and 1998?","answers":["Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo","José Saramago"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2292,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1994 and 1998?","answers":["John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten","Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2293,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1995 and 1999?","answers":["Seamus Heaney","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo","José Saramago","Günter Grass"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2294,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1995 and 1999?","answers":["Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs ","Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2295,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1995 and 1999?","answers":["Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus","Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2296,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1995 and 1999?","answers":["Robert E. Lucas Jr.","William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2297,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1996 and 2000?","answers":["Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo","José Saramago","Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2298,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1996 and 2000?","answers":["Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2299,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1996 and 2000?","answers":["Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel","Stanley B. Prusiner","Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel","Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2300,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1996 and 2000?","answers":["William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees","Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2301,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1997 and 2001?","answers":["Dario Fo","José Saramago","Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2302,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1997 and 2001?","answers":["Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines ","John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2303,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1997 and 2001?","answers":["Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes","Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2304,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1998 and 2002?","answers":["José Saramago","Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2305,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1998 and 2002?","answers":["John Hume","David Trimble","Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2306,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1998 and 2002?","answers":["Amartya Sen","Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2307,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1999 and 2003?","answers":["Günter Grass","Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2308,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1999 and 2003?","answers":["Doctors Without Borders ","Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2309,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1999 and 2003?","answers":["Robert Mundell","Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman","George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2310,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2000 and 2004?","answers":["Xingjian Gao","V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2311,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2000 and 2004?","answers":["Kim Dae-jung","Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2312,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2001 and 2005?","answers":["V. S. Naipaul","Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2313,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2001 and 2005?","answers":["Kofi Annan","United Nations ","Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2314,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2002 and 2006?","answers":["Imre Kertész","J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2315,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2002 and 2006?","answers":["Jimmy Carter","Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2316,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2002 and 2006?","answers":["Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith","Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2317,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2003 and 2007?","answers":["J. M. Coetzee","Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2318,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 2003 and 2007?","answers":["Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre","Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover","Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin","Roger D. Kornberg","Gerhard Ertl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2319,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2003 and 2007?","answers":["Shirin Ebadi","Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2320,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2003 and 2007?","answers":["Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2321,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2004 and 2008?","answers":["Elfriede Jelinek","Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2322,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2004 and 2008?","answers":["Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2323,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2004 and 2008?","answers":["Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2324,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2005 and 2009?","answers":["Harold Pinter","Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2325,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2005 and 2009?","answers":["Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency ","Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2326,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2005 and 2009?","answers":["Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann","Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2327,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2006 and 2010?","answers":["Orhan Pamuk","Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2328,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2006 and 2010?","answers":["Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus","Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2329,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2006 and 2010?","answers":["Edmund S. Phelps","Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz","Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2330,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2007 and 2011?","answers":["Doris Lessing","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2331,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2007 and 2011?","answers":["Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ","Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2332,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2008 and 2012?","answers":["Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2333,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2008 and 2012?","answers":["Martti Ahtisaari","Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2334,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2008 and 2012?","answers":["Paul Krugman","Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom","Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2335,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2009 and 2013?","answers":["Herta Müller","Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan","Alice Munro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2336,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2009 and 2013?","answers":["Barack Obama","Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2337,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2010 and 2014?","answers":["Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan","Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2338,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2010 and 2014?","answers":["Xiaobo Liu","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2339,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2011 and 2015?","answers":["Tomas Tranströmer","Mo Yan","Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2340,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2011 and 2015?","answers":["Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf","European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2341,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2011 and 2015?","answers":["Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent","Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2342,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2012 and 2016?","answers":["Mo Yan","Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2343,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2012 and 2016?","answers":["European Union ","Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"},{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2344,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2012 and 2016?","answers":["Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth","Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2345,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2013 and 2017?","answers":["Alice Munro","Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2346,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2013 and 2017?","answers":["Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ","Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"},{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2347,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2013 and 2017?","answers":["Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama","Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2348,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2014 and 2018?","answers":["Patrick Modiano","Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2349,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2014 and 2018?","answers":["Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi","National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2350,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2014 and 2018?","answers":["Jean Tirole","Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2351,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2015 and 2019?","answers":["Svetlana Alexievich","Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2352,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2015 and 2019?","answers":["National Dialogue Quartet ","Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2353,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2015 and 2019?","answers":["Angus Deaton","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2354,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2016 and 2020?","answers":["Bob Dylan","Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke","Louise Glück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2355,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2016 and 2020?","answers":["Juan Manuel Santos","International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali","World Food Programme "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"},{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2356,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 2016 and 2020?","answers":["Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Richard H. Thaler","Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus","Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo","Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2357,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 2017 and 2021?","answers":["Kazuo Ishiguro","Olga Tokarczuk","Peter Handke","Louise Glück","Abdulrazak Gurnah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":962,"text":"Abdulrazak Gurnah\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2021.\nBorn: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2358,"query":"Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 2017 and 2021?","answers":["International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ","Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege","Abiy Ahmed Ali","World Food Programme ","Dmitry Muratov","Maria Ressa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"},{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"},{"docid":965,"text":"Dmitry Muratov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 1961, Kubyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2359,"query":"Who was born in the 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen","Lord Rayleigh","Gabriel Lippmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":0,"text":"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1901.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1845, Lennep (now Remscheid), Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1923, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2360,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen","Gabriel Lippmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":0,"text":"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1901.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1845, Lennep (now Remscheid), Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1923, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2361,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1901?","answers":["Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":0,"text":"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1901.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1845, Lennep (now Remscheid), Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1923, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2362,"query":"Who was born in the 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Emil von Behring","Ronald Ross","Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Paul Ehrlich","Albrecht Kossel","Charles Richet","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Charles Sherrington"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":1,"text":"Emil von Behring\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1854, Hansdorf (now Lawice), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Mar, 1917, Marburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marburg University, Marburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2363,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Emil von Behring","Paul Ehrlich","Albrecht Kossel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":1,"text":"Emil von Behring\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1854, Hansdorf (now Lawice), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Mar, 1917, Marburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marburg University, Marburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2364,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901?","answers":["Emil von Behring"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":1,"text":"Emil von Behring\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1854, Hansdorf (now Lawice), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Mar, 1917, Marburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marburg University, Marburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2365,"query":"Who was born in the 1820s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Henry Dunant","Frédéric Passy","Randal Cremer","Auguste Beernaert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2366,"query":"Who was born in the late 1820s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Henry Dunant","Randal Cremer","Auguste Beernaert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2367,"query":"Who was born in the 1820s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Henry Dunant","Frédéric Passy","Randal Cremer","Auguste Beernaert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2368,"query":"Who was born in the late 1820s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Henry Dunant","Randal Cremer","Auguste Beernaert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2369,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901?","answers":["Henry Dunant","Frédéric Passy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":2,"text":"Henry Dunant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 8, May, 1828, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 30, Oct, 1910, Heiden, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding\"\n"},{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2370,"query":"Who was born in the early 1820s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Frédéric Passy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2371,"query":"Who was born in the early 1820s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Frédéric Passy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":3,"text":"Frédéric Passy\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1901.\nBorn: 20, May, 1822, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Jun, 1912, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2372,"query":"Who was born in the late 1830s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Sully Prudhomme","Fredrik Bajer","Johannes Diderik van der Waals","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2373,"query":"Who was born in the 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Sully Prudhomme","Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Giosuè Carducci","Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2374,"query":"Who was born in the late 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Sully Prudhomme"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2375,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901?","answers":["Sully Prudhomme"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":4,"text":"Sully Prudhomme\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1901.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1839, Paris, France\nDied: 7, Sep, 1907, Châtenay, France\nPrize motivation: \"in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2376,"query":"Who was born in the 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Jacobus H. van 't Hoff","Emil Fischer","Svante Arrhenius","Sir William Ramsay","Henri Moissan","Wilhelm Ostwald","Paul Sabatier"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":5,"text":"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 1, Mar, 1911, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2377,"query":"Who was born in the early 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Jacobus H. van 't Hoff","Emil Fischer","Sir William Ramsay","Henri Moissan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":5,"text":"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 1, Mar, 1911, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2378,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901?","answers":["Jacobus H. van 't Hoff"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":5,"text":"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1852, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 1, Mar, 1911, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2379,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902?","answers":["Emil Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":6,"text":"Emil Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1852, Euskirchen, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1919, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2380,"query":"Who was born in the 1810s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Theodor Mommsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2381,"query":"Who was born in the late 1810s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Theodor Mommsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2382,"query":"Who was born in the 1810s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Theodor Mommsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2383,"query":"Who was born in the late 1810s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Theodor Mommsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2384,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1902?","answers":["Theodor Mommsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":7,"text":"Theodor Mommsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1902.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1817, Garding, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 1, Nov, 1903, Charlottenburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2385,"query":"Who was born in the 1840s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Albert Gobat","Bertha von Suttner","Louis Renault","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Elihu Root","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2386,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1840s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Albert Gobat","Bertha von Suttner","Louis Renault","Klas Pontus Arnoldson","Elihu Root"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"},{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2387,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1902?","answers":["Albert Gobat","Élie Ducommun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":8,"text":"Albert Gobat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Tramelan, Switzerland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1914, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union\"\n"},{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2388,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1830s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Élie Ducommun","Adolf von Baeyer","Giosuè Carducci","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2389,"query":"Who was born in the 1830s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Élie Ducommun","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta","Fredrik Bajer","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"},{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2390,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1830s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Élie Ducommun","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":9,"text":"Élie Ducommun\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1902.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1833, Geneva, Switzerland\nDied: 7, Dec, 1906, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2391,"query":"Who was born in the 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Pieter Zeeman","Marie Curie","Philipp Lenard","Wilhelm Wien","Gustaf Dalén","William Bragg","Charles Edouard Guillaume","Robert A. Millikan","C.T.R. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2392,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Pieter Zeeman","Wilhelm Wien"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2393,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1902?","answers":["Pieter Zeeman","Hendrik A. Lorentz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":10,"text":"Pieter Zeeman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Zonnemaire, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Oct, 1943, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2394,"query":"Who was born in the late 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Ronald Ross","Julius Wagner-Jauregg","Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Charles Sherrington"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2395,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902?","answers":["Ronald Ross"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":11,"text":"Ronald Ross\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1902.\nBorn: 13, May, 1857, Almora, India\nDied: 16, Sep, 1932, Putney Heath, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2396,"query":"Who was born in the 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Hendrik A. Lorentz","Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","J.J. Thomson","Albert A. Michelson","Ferdinand Braun","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","Max Planck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2397,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Hendrik A. Lorentz","J.J. Thomson","Heike Kamerlingh Onnes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":12,"text":"Hendrik A. Lorentz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1902.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1853, Arnhem, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Feb, 1928, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2398,"query":"Who was born in the late 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Pierre Curie","Max Planck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2399,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1903?","answers":["Pierre Curie","Henri Becquerel","Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":13,"text":"Pierre Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, May, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 1906, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2400,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903?","answers":["Randal Cremer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":14,"text":"Randal Cremer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1903.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1828, Fareham, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Jul, 1908, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2401,"query":"Who was born in the early 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Henri Becquerel","Albert A. Michelson","Ferdinand Braun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":15,"text":"Henri Becquerel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 25, Aug, 1908, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2402,"query":"Who was born in the late 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Marie Curie","Gustaf Dalén","Robert A. Millikan","C.T.R. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":16,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\"\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2403,"query":"Who was born in the 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Niels Ryberg Finsen","Allvar Gullstrand","Willem Einthoven","Johannes Fibiger","Charles Nicolle","Sir Frederick Hopkins","Karl Landsteiner","Thomas H. Morgan","Hans Spemann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2404,"query":"Who was born in the early 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Niels Ryberg Finsen","Allvar Gullstrand","Willem Einthoven","Sir Frederick Hopkins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2405,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903?","answers":["Niels Ryberg Finsen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":17,"text":"Niels Ryberg Finsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1903.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2406,"query":"Who was born in the early 1830s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2407,"query":"Who was born in the early 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson","José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral","Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2408,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1903?","answers":["Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":18,"text":"Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1903.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1832, Kvikne, Norway\nDied: 26, Apr, 1910, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2409,"query":"Who was born in the late 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Svante Arrhenius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2410,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903?","answers":["Svante Arrhenius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":19,"text":"Svante Arrhenius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1859, Vik, Sweden\nDied: 2, Oct, 1927, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2411,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1904?","answers":["José Echegaray","Frédéric Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":20,"text":"José Echegaray\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1832, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 4, Sep, 1916, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":25,"text":"Frédéric Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1904.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1830, Maillane, France\nDied: 25, Mar, 1914, Maillane, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2412,"query":"Who was born in the early 1840s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Lord Rayleigh","Theodor Kocher","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2413,"query":"Who was born in the early 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Lord Rayleigh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2414,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1904?","answers":["Lord Rayleigh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":21,"text":"Lord Rayleigh\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1904.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1842, Langford Grove Maldon Essex, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Jun, 1919, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2415,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1904?","answers":["Institute of International Law "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":22,"text":"Institute of International Law \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1904.\nFounded: 1873\nPrize motivation: \"for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2416,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904?","answers":["Sir William Ramsay"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":23,"text":"Sir William Ramsay\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1852, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 23, Jul, 1916, High Wycombe, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2417,"query":"Who was born in the late 1840s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Ivan Pavlov","Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2418,"query":"Who was born in the 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Ivan Pavlov","Robert Koch","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov","Theodor Kocher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2419,"query":"Who was born in the late 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Ivan Pavlov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2420,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904?","answers":["Ivan Pavlov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":24,"text":"Ivan Pavlov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1904.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1849, Ryazan, Russia\nDied: 27, Feb, 1936, Leningrad, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2421,"query":"Who was born in the 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Adolf von Baeyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2422,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Adolf von Baeyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2423,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905?","answers":["Adolf von Baeyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":26,"text":"Adolf von Baeyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1835, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1917, Starnberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2424,"query":"Who was born in the 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Henryk Sienkiewicz","Rudolf Eucken","Carl Spitteler","Anatole France"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2425,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Henryk Sienkiewicz","Rudolf Eucken","Carl Spitteler","Anatole France"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2426,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1905?","answers":["Henryk Sienkiewicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":27,"text":"Henryk Sienkiewicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1905.\nBorn: 5, May, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Poland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2427,"query":"Who was born in the early 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Philipp Lenard","William Bragg","Charles Edouard Guillaume"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2428,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1905?","answers":["Philipp Lenard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":28,"text":"Philipp Lenard\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1905.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1862, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Hungary (now Slovakia)\nDied: 20, May, 1947, Messelhausen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on cathode rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2429,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905?","answers":["Bertha von Suttner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":29,"text":"Bertha von Suttner\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1905.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1843, Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 21, Jun, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2430,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Robert Koch","Camillo Golgi","Alphonse Laveran","Ilya Mechnikov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2431,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905?","answers":["Robert Koch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":30,"text":"Robert Koch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1905.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1843, Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld), Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1910, Baden-Baden, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2432,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Giosuè Carducci"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2433,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1906?","answers":["Giosuè Carducci"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":31,"text":"Giosuè Carducci\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1906.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1835, Val di Castello, Tuscany (now Italy)\nDied: 16, Feb, 1907, Bologna, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2434,"query":"Who was born in the 1850s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Theodore Roosevelt","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Henri La Fontaine","Woodrow Wilson","Léon Bourgeois","Ludwig Quidde","Frank B. Kellogg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2435,"query":"Who was born in the late 1850s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Theodore Roosevelt","Ludwig Quidde"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"},{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2436,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906?","answers":["Theodore Roosevelt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":32,"text":"Theodore Roosevelt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1906.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1858, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jan, 1919, Oyster Bay NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2437,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1906?","answers":["J.J. Thomson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":33,"text":"J.J. Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1906.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1856, Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Aug, 1940, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2438,"query":"Who was born in the early 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Charles Richet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2439,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906?","answers":["Santiago Ramón y Cajal","Camillo Golgi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":34,"text":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 1, May, 1852, Petilla de Aragón, Spain\nDied: 17, Oct, 1934, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Madrid University, Madrid, Spain\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":36,"text":"Camillo Golgi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906.\nBorn: 7, Jul, 1843, Corteno, Italy\nDied: 21, Jan, 1926, Pavia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Pavia University, Pavia, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2440,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906?","answers":["Henri Moissan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":35,"text":"Henri Moissan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.\nBorn: 28, Sep, 1852, Paris, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1907, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2441,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907?","answers":["Alphonse Laveran"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":37,"text":"Alphonse Laveran\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1907.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1845, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 1922, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2442,"query":"Who was born in the 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Eduard Buchner","Marie Curie","Alfred Werner","Theodore W. Richards","Fritz Haber","Walther Nernst","Fritz Pregl","Richard Zsigmondy","Arthur Harden"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2443,"query":"Who was born in the early 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Eduard Buchner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2444,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907?","answers":["Eduard Buchner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":38,"text":"Eduard Buchner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907.\nBorn: 20, May, 1860, Munich, Bavaria (now Germany)\nDied: 13, Aug, 1917, Focsani, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2445,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Rudyard Kipling","Romain Rolland","Jacinto Benavente","William Butler Yeats","Erik Axel Karlfeldt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2446,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1907?","answers":["Rudyard Kipling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":39,"text":"Rudyard Kipling\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1907.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1865, Bombay (now Mumbai), British India (now India)\nDied: 18, Jan, 1936, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2447,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1907?","answers":["Louis Renault","Ernesto Teodoro Moneta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":40,"text":"Louis Renault\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 21, May, 1843, Autun, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 1918, Barbizon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences\"\n"},{"docid":41,"text":"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1907.\nBorn: 20, Sep, 1833, Milan, Austrian Empire (now Italy)\nDied: 10, Feb, 1918, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2448,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1907?","answers":["Albert A. Michelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":42,"text":"Albert A. Michelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1907.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1852, Strelno (now Strzelno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 9, May, 1931, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2449,"query":"Who was born in the early 1870s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Ernest Rutherford","Victor Grignard","Richard Willstätter","Jules Bordet","Grazia Deledda","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Sir Norman Angell","Ivan Bunin","Cordell Hull","Bertrand Russell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2450,"query":"Who was born in the early 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Ernest Rutherford","Victor Grignard","Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2451,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908?","answers":["Ernest Rutherford"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":43,"text":"Ernest Rutherford\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1871, Nelson, New Zealand\nDied: 19, Oct, 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2452,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1908?","answers":["Rudolf Eucken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":44,"text":"Rudolf Eucken\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1908.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1846, Aurich, East Friesland (now Germany)\nDied: 14, Sep, 1926, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2453,"query":"Who was born in the late 1830s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Fredrik Bajer","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2454,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908?","answers":["Fredrik Bajer","Klas Pontus Arnoldson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":45,"text":"Fredrik Bajer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1837, Næstved, Denmark\nDied: 22, Jan, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"},{"docid":48,"text":"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1908.\nBorn: 27, Oct, 1844, Gothenburg, Sweden\nDied: 20, Feb, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2455,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908?","answers":["Ilya Mechnikov","Paul Ehrlich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":46,"text":"Ilya Mechnikov\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 15, May, 1845, Kharkov (now Kharkiv), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 15, Jul, 1916, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":47,"text":"Paul Ehrlich\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1854, Strehlen (now Strzelin), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Aug, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their work on immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2456,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1908?","answers":["Gabriel Lippmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":49,"text":"Gabriel Lippmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1908.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1845, Hollerich, Luxembourg\nDied: 13, Jul, 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2457,"query":"Who was born in the 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Guglielmo Marconi","Max von Laue","Charles Glover Barkla","Johannes Stark","Albert Einstein","Jean Baptiste Perrin","Owen Willans Richardson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2458,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Guglielmo Marconi","Johannes Stark"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2459,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1909?","answers":["Guglielmo Marconi","Ferdinand Braun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":50,"text":"Guglielmo Marconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1874, Bologna, Italy\nDied: 20, Jul, 1937, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":54,"text":"Ferdinand Braun\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1909.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1850, Fulda, Hesse-Kassel (now Germany)\nDied: 20, Apr, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2460,"query":"Who was born in the early 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Theodor Kocher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2461,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909?","answers":["Theodor Kocher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":51,"text":"Theodor Kocher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1909.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1841, Bern, Switzerland\nDied: 27, Jul, 1917, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berne University, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2462,"query":"Who was born in the 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Selma Lagerlöf","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Knut Hamsun","George Bernard Shaw","Henri Bergson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2463,"query":"Who was born in the late 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Selma Lagerlöf","Verner von Heidenstam","Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan","Knut Hamsun","Henri Bergson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2464,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1909?","answers":["Selma Lagerlöf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":52,"text":"Selma Lagerlöf\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1909.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1858, Mårbacka, Sweden\nDied: 16, Mar, 1940, Mårbacka, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2465,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Wilhelm Ostwald","Paul Sabatier"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2466,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909?","answers":["Wilhelm Ostwald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":53,"text":"Wilhelm Ostwald\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1853, Riga, Russian Empire (now Latvia)\nDied: 4, Apr, 1932, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2467,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1909?","answers":["Auguste Beernaert","Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":55,"text":"Auguste Beernaert\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1829, Ostend, Belgium\nDied: 6, Oct, 1912, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2468,"query":"Who was born in the early 1850s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant","Léon Bourgeois"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":56,"text":"Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1909.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1852, La Flèche, France\nDied: 15, May, 1924, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration\"\n"},{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2469,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1910?","answers":["Paul Heyse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":57,"text":"Paul Heyse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1830, Berlin, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 2, Apr, 1914, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2470,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910?","answers":["Permanent International Peace Bureau "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":58,"text":"Permanent International Peace Bureau \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1910.\nFounded: 1891\nPrize motivation: \"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2471,"query":"Who was born in the 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Johannes Diderik van der Waals"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2472,"query":"Who was born in the late 1830s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Johannes Diderik van der Waals"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2473,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1910?","answers":["Johannes Diderik van der Waals"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":59,"text":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1910.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1837, Leiden, the Netherlands\nDied: 8, Mar, 1923, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2474,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910?","answers":["Albrecht Kossel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":60,"text":"Albrecht Kossel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1910.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1853, Rostock, Mecklenburg (now Germany)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1927, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2475,"query":"Who was born in the 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2476,"query":"Who was born in the late 1840s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2477,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910?","answers":["Otto Wallach"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":61,"text":"Otto Wallach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1847, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 26, Feb, 1931, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2478,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1860s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Alfred Fried","Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes","Nathan Söderblom","Arthur Henderson","Robert Cecil","John R. Mott"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"},{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"},{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"},{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2479,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911?","answers":["Alfred Fried","Tobias Asser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":62,"text":"Alfred Fried\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 11, Nov, 1864, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, May, 1921, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations\"\n"},{"docid":63,"text":"Tobias Asser\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1911.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1838, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 29, Jul, 1913, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2480,"query":"Who was born in the late 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Marie Curie","Theodore W. Richards","Fritz Haber","Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2481,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911?","answers":["Marie Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":64,"text":"Marie Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1867, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 4, Jul, 1934, Sallanches, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2482,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1911?","answers":["Wilhelm Wien"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":65,"text":"Wilhelm Wien\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1911.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1864, Gaffken (now Parusnoye), Prussia (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 1928, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2483,"query":"Who was born in the early 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Maurice Maeterlinck","Gerhart Hauptmann","Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2484,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1911?","answers":["Maurice Maeterlinck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":66,"text":"Maurice Maeterlinck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1911.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1862, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 6, May, 1949, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2485,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911?","answers":["Allvar Gullstrand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":67,"text":"Allvar Gullstrand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1911.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1862, Landskrona, Sweden\nDied: 28, Jul, 1930, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2486,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1912?","answers":["Gerhart Hauptmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":68,"text":"Gerhart Hauptmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1912.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1862, Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 6, Jun, 1946, Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków), Germany (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2487,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Alexis Carrel","Robert Bárány","August Krogh","John Macleod","Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale","Joseph Erlanger","Egas Moniz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2488,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912?","answers":["Alexis Carrel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":69,"text":"Alexis Carrel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1912.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1873, Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France\nDied: 5, Nov, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2489,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912?","answers":["Paul Sabatier","Victor Grignard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":70,"text":"Paul Sabatier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1854, Carcassonne, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1941, Toulouse, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse University, Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":71,"text":"Victor Grignard\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912.\nBorn: 6, May, 1871, Cherbourg, France\nDied: 13, Dec, 1935, Lyon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nancy University, Nancy, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2490,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1912?","answers":["Gustaf Dalén"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":72,"text":"Gustaf Dalén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1912.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1869, Stenstorp, Sweden\nDied: 9, Dec, 1937, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2491,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912?","answers":["Elihu Root"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":73,"text":"Elihu Root\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1912.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1845, Clinton NY, USA\nDied: 7, Feb, 1937, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2492,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913?","answers":["Charles Richet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":74,"text":"Charles Richet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1913.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1850, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Dec, 1935, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2493,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Alfred Werner","Walther Nernst","Richard Zsigmondy","Arthur Harden"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2494,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913?","answers":["Alfred Werner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":75,"text":"Alfred Werner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1866, Mulhouse, France\nDied: 15, Nov, 1919, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2495,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1850s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Henri La Fontaine","Woodrow Wilson","Frank B. Kellogg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"},{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2496,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913?","answers":["Henri La Fontaine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":76,"text":"Henri La Fontaine\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1913.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1854, Brussels, Belgium\nDied: 14, May, 1943, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2497,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1913?","answers":["Rabindranath Tagore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":77,"text":"Rabindranath Tagore\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1913.\nBorn: 7, May, 1861, Calcutta, India\nDied: 7, Aug, 1941, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2498,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1913?","answers":["Heike Kamerlingh Onnes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":78,"text":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1913.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1853, Groningen, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Feb, 1926, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2499,"query":"Who was born in the late 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Max von Laue","Charles Glover Barkla","Albert Einstein","Owen Willans Richardson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2500,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1914?","answers":["Max von Laue"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":79,"text":"Max von Laue\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1914.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1879, Pfaffendorf, Germany\nDied: 23, Apr, 1960, Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2501,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914?","answers":["Robert Bárány"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":80,"text":"Robert Bárány\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1914.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1876, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 8, Apr, 1936, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2502,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914?","answers":["Theodore W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":81,"text":"Theodore W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1868, Germantown PA, USA\nDied: 2, Apr, 1928, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2503,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1915?","answers":["William Bragg","Lawrence Bragg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":82,"text":"William Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1862, Wigton, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Mar, 1942, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2504,"query":"Who was born in the early 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Lawrence Bragg","Arthur H. Compton","Louis de Broglie","James Chadwick","George Paget Thomson","Edward V. Appleton","Walther Bothe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":83,"text":"Lawrence Bragg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1915.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1890, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 1, Jul, 1971, Ipswich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2505,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915?","answers":["Richard Willstätter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":84,"text":"Richard Willstätter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1872, Karlsruhe, Germany\nDied: 3, Aug, 1942, Locarno, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2506,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1915?","answers":["Romain Rolland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":85,"text":"Romain Rolland\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1915.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1866, Clamecy, France\nDied: 30, Dec, 1944, Vézelay, France\nPrize motivation: \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2507,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1916?","answers":["Verner von Heidenstam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":86,"text":"Verner von Heidenstam\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1916.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden\nDied: 20, May, 1940, Övralid, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2508,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1917?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":87,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1917.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2509,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1917?","answers":["Charles Glover Barkla"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":88,"text":"Charles Glover Barkla\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1917.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1877, Widnes, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Oct, 1944, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2510,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1917?","answers":["Karl Gjellerup","Henrik Pontoppidan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":89,"text":"Karl Gjellerup\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1857, Roholte, Denmark\nDied: 11, Oct, 1919, Klotzsche, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":90,"text":"Henrik Pontoppidan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1917.\nBorn: 24, Jul, 1857, Fredericia, Denmark\nDied: 21, Aug, 1943, Ordrup, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2511,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1918?","answers":["Max Planck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":91,"text":"Max Planck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1918.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1858, Kiel, Schleswig (now Germany)\nDied: 4, Oct, 1947, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2512,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918?","answers":["Fritz Haber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":92,"text":"Fritz Haber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1868, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 29, Jan, 1934, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2513,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919?","answers":["Woodrow Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":93,"text":"Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1919.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1856, Staunton VA, USA\nDied: 3, Feb, 1924, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as founder of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2514,"query":"Who was born in the early 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Jules Bordet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2515,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919?","answers":["Jules Bordet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":94,"text":"Jules Bordet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1919.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1870, Soignies, Belgium\nDied: 6, Apr, 1961, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2516,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1919?","answers":["Johannes Stark"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":95,"text":"Johannes Stark\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1919.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1874, Schickenhof, Germany\nDied: 21, Jun, 1957, Traunstein, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2517,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1919?","answers":["Carl Spitteler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":96,"text":"Carl Spitteler\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1919.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1845, Liestal, Switzerland\nDied: 29, Dec, 1924, Lucerne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2518,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1920?","answers":["Charles Edouard Guillaume"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":97,"text":"Charles Edouard Guillaume\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1920.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland\nDied: 13, Jun, 1938, Sèvres, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2519,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920?","answers":["Walther Nernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":98,"text":"Walther Nernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1864, Briesen (now Wąbrzeźno), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Nov, 1941, Muskau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2520,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920?","answers":["August Krogh"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":99,"text":"August Krogh\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1920.\nBorn: 15, Nov, 1874, Grenå, Denmark\nDied: 13, Sep, 1949, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2521,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1920?","answers":["Léon Bourgeois"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":100,"text":"Léon Bourgeois\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1920.\nBorn: 21, May, 1851, Paris, France\nDied: 29, Sep, 1925, Épernay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2522,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1920?","answers":["Knut Hamsun"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":101,"text":"Knut Hamsun\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1920.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1859, Lom, Norway\nDied: 19, Feb, 1952, Grimstad, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2523,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1921?","answers":["Anatole France"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":102,"text":"Anatole France\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1921.\nBorn: 16, Apr, 1844, Paris, France\nDied: 12, Oct, 1924, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2524,"query":"Who was born in the early 1860s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Hjalmar Branting","Fridtjof Nansen","Aristide Briand","Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2525,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921?","answers":["Hjalmar Branting","Christian Lange"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":103,"text":"Hjalmar Branting\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1860, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 24, Feb, 1925, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2526,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1921?","answers":["Albert Einstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":104,"text":"Albert Einstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.\nBorn: 14, Mar, 1879, Ulm, Germany\nDied: 18, Apr, 1955, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2527,"query":"Who was born in the late 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Frederick Soddy","Francis W. Aston","Heinrich Wieland","Otto Hahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2528,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921?","answers":["Frederick Soddy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":105,"text":"Frederick Soddy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1877, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Sep, 1956, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2529,"query":"Who was born in the late 1860s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Christian Lange","Emily Greene Balch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":106,"text":"Christian Lange\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1921.\nBorn: 17, Sep, 1869, Stavanger, Norway\nDied: 11, Dec, 1938, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2530,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Niels Bohr","Manne Siegbahn","Victor F. Hess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2531,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1922?","answers":["Niels Bohr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":107,"text":"Niels Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1922.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 18, Nov, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2532,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922?","answers":["Fridtjof Nansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":108,"text":"Fridtjof Nansen\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1922.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1861, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 13, May, 1930, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2533,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922?","answers":["Francis W. Aston"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":109,"text":"Francis W. Aston\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1877, Harborne, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Nov, 1945, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2534,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill","Otto Warburg","George R. Minot","Edward C. Kendall","Karl von Frisch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2535,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922?","answers":["Otto Meyerhof","Archibald V. Hill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":110,"text":"Otto Meyerhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1884, Hanover, Germany\nDied: 6, Oct, 1951, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":112,"text":"Archibald V. Hill\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1922.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1886, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 3, Jun, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2536,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1922?","answers":["Jacinto Benavente"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":111,"text":"Jacinto Benavente\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1922.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1866, Madrid, Spain\nDied: 14, Jul, 1954, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2537,"query":"Who was born in the early 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Frederick G. Banting","William P. Murphy","Corneille Heymans","Hermann J. Muller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2538,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923?","answers":["Frederick G. Banting","John Macleod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":113,"text":"Frederick G. Banting\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 14, Nov, 1891, Alliston, Canada\nDied: 21, Feb, 1941, Newfoundland, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":114,"text":"John Macleod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1923.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1876, Cluny, Scotland\nDied: 16, Mar, 1935, Aberdeen, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2539,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1923?","answers":["Robert A. Millikan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":115,"text":"Robert A. Millikan\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1923.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1868, Morrison IL, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 1953, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2540,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923?","answers":["Fritz Pregl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":116,"text":"Fritz Pregl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1869, Laibach (now Ljubljana), Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia)\nDied: 13, Dec, 1930, Graz, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2541,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1923?","answers":["William Butler Yeats"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":117,"text":"William Butler Yeats\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1923.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1865, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 28, Jan, 1939, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2542,"query":"Who was born in the late 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Wladyslaw Reymont","John Galsworthy","Luigi Pirandello","André Gide"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2543,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1924?","answers":["Wladyslaw Reymont"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":118,"text":"Wladyslaw Reymont\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1924.\nBorn: 7, May, 1867, Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Dec, 1925, Warsaw, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2544,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924?","answers":["Willem Einthoven"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":119,"text":"Willem Einthoven\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924.\nBorn: 21, May, 1860, Semarang, Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)\nDied: 29, Sep, 1927, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2545,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1924?","answers":["Manne Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":120,"text":"Manne Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1924.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1886, Örebro, Sweden\nDied: 26, Sep, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2546,"query":"Who was born in the early 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["James Franck","Clinton Davisson","Percy W. Bridgman","Max Born"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2547,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1925?","answers":["James Franck","Gustav Hertz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":121,"text":"James Franck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1882, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 21, May, 1964, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2548,"query":"Who was born in the late 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Gustav Hertz","Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman","Erwin Schrödinger","Otto Stern","Frits Zernike"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":122,"text":"Gustav Hertz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1925.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1887, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 30, Oct, 1975, Berlin, East Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Halle University, Halle, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2549,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925?","answers":["Sir Austen Chamberlain","Charles G. Dawes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":123,"text":"Sir Austen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1863, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1937, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":124,"text":"Charles G. Dawes\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1925.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1865, Marietta OH, USA\nDied: 23, Apr, 1951, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2550,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925?","answers":["Richard Zsigmondy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":125,"text":"Richard Zsigmondy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1865, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 24, Sep, 1929, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2551,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1850s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["George Bernard Shaw"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2552,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1925?","answers":["George Bernard Shaw"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":126,"text":"George Bernard Shaw\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1925.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1856, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 2, Nov, 1950, Ayot St. Lawrence, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2553,"query":"Who was born in the 1870s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Gustav Stresemann","Sir Norman Angell","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Cordell Hull","Léon Jouhaux","Albert Schweitzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"},{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2554,"query":"Who was born in the late 1870s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Gustav Stresemann","Carlos Saavedra Lamas","Léon Jouhaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"},{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2555,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926?","answers":["Gustav Stresemann","Aristide Briand"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":127,"text":"Gustav Stresemann\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 10, May, 1878, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 3, Oct, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":128,"text":"Aristide Briand\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1926.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1862, Nantes, France\nDied: 7, Mar, 1932, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2556,"query":"Who was born in the 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Grazia Deledda","Thomas Mann","Ivan Bunin","Johannes V. Jensen","Hermann Hesse","Bertrand Russell","Winston Churchill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2557,"query":"Who was born in the early 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Grazia Deledda","Ivan Bunin","Bertrand Russell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2558,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1926?","answers":["Grazia Deledda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":129,"text":"Grazia Deledda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1926.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1871, Nuoro Sardinia, Italy\nDied: 15, Aug, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2559,"query":"Who was born in the late 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Johannes Fibiger","Karl Landsteiner","Hans Spemann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2560,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926?","answers":["Johannes Fibiger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":130,"text":"Johannes Fibiger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1926.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1867, Silkeborg, Denmark\nDied: 30, Jan, 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2561,"query":"Who was born in the early 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Jean Baptiste Perrin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2562,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1926?","answers":["Jean Baptiste Perrin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":131,"text":"Jean Baptiste Perrin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1926.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1870, Lille, France\nDied: 17, Apr, 1942, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2563,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["The Svedberg","Friedrich Bergius","Peter Debye","Norman Haworth","George de Hevesy","Sir Robert Robinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2564,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926?","answers":["The Svedberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":132,"text":"The Svedberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1884, Fleräng, Sweden\nDied: 25, Feb, 1971, Örebro, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on disperse systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2565,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1927?","answers":["Henri Bergson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":133,"text":"Henri Bergson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1927.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1859, Paris, France\nDied: 4, Jan, 1941, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2566,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1927?","answers":["Ludwig Quidde","Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":134,"text":"Ludwig Quidde\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1858, Bremen, Germany\nDied: 4, Mar, 1941, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"},{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2567,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1927?","answers":["Arthur H. Compton","C.T.R. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":135,"text":"Arthur H. Compton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 10, Sep, 1892, Wooster OH, USA\nDied: 15, Mar, 1962, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":136,"text":"C.T.R. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1927.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1869, Glencorse, Scotland\nDied: 15, Nov, 1959, Carlops, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2568,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927?","answers":["Julius Wagner-Jauregg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":137,"text":"Julius Wagner-Jauregg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1857, Wels, Austria\nDied: 27, Sep, 1940, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vienna University, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2569,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927?","answers":["Heinrich Wieland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":138,"text":"Heinrich Wieland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1877, Pforzheim, Germany\nDied: 5, Aug, 1957, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munich University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2570,"query":"Who was born in the early 1840s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Ferdinand Buisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":139,"text":"Ferdinand Buisson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1927.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1841, Paris, France\nDied: 16, Feb, 1932, Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2571,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1860s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Charles Nicolle","Thomas H. Morgan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2572,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928?","answers":["Charles Nicolle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":140,"text":"Charles Nicolle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1928.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1866, Rouen, France\nDied: 28, Feb, 1936, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on typhus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2573,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Adolf Windaus","Hans von Euler-Chelpin","Carl Bosch","Otto Diels"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2574,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928?","answers":["Adolf Windaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":141,"text":"Adolf Windaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1876, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Jun, 1959, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2575,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1928?","answers":["Owen Willans Richardson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":142,"text":"Owen Willans Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1928.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1879, Dewsbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Feb, 1959, Alton, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2576,"query":"Who was born in the early 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Sigrid Undset","Roger Martin du Gard","Juan Ramón Jiménez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2577,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1928?","answers":["Sigrid Undset"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":143,"text":"Sigrid Undset\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1928.\nBorn: 20, May, 1882, Kalundborg, Denmark\nDied: 10, Jun, 1949, Lillehammer, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2578,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929?","answers":["Arthur Harden","Hans von Euler-Chelpin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":144,"text":"Arthur Harden\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1865, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 17, Jun, 1940, Bourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":145,"text":"Hans von Euler-Chelpin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929.\nBorn: 15, Feb, 1873, Augsburg, Germany\nDied: 6, Nov, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2579,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929?","answers":["Christiaan Eijkman","Sir Frederick Hopkins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":146,"text":"Christiaan Eijkman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1858, Nijkerk, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Nov, 1930, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":149,"text":"Sir Frederick Hopkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1929.\nBorn: 20, Jun, 1861, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, May, 1947, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2580,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1929?","answers":["Louis de Broglie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":147,"text":"Louis de Broglie\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1929.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1892, Dieppe, France\nDied: 19, Mar, 1987, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2581,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Thomas Mann","Johannes V. Jensen","Winston Churchill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2582,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1929?","answers":["Thomas Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":148,"text":"Thomas Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1929.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1875, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2583,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1929?","answers":["Frank B. Kellogg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":150,"text":"Frank B. Kellogg\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1929.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1856, Potsdam NY, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 1937, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2584,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Sinclair Lewis","François Mauriac"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2585,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1930?","answers":["Sinclair Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":151,"text":"Sinclair Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1930.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1885, Sauk Centre MN, USA\nDied: 10, Jan, 1951, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2586,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930?","answers":["Karl Landsteiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":152,"text":"Karl Landsteiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1930.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1868, Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria)\nDied: 26, Jun, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human blood groups\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2587,"query":"Who was born in the early 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Hans Fischer","Irving Langmuir","Hermann Staudinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2588,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930?","answers":["Hans Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":153,"text":"Hans Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930.\nBorn: 27, Jul, 1881, Hoechst, Germany\nDied: 31, Mar, 1945, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2589,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1930?","answers":["Nathan Söderblom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":154,"text":"Nathan Söderblom\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1930.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1866, Trönö, Sweden\nDied: 12, Jul, 1931, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2590,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1930?","answers":["Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":155,"text":"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1930.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1888, Tiruchirappalli, India\nDied: 21, Nov, 1970, Bangalore, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Calcutta University, Calcutta, India\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2591,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931?","answers":["Otto Warburg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":156,"text":"Otto Warburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1931.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nDied: 1, Aug, 1970, West Berlin, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2592,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931?","answers":["Carl Bosch","Friedrich Bergius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":157,"text":"Carl Bosch\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1874, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 26, Apr, 1940, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":158,"text":"Friedrich Bergius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1884, Goldschmieden near Breslau, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 30, Mar, 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2593,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1931?","answers":["Erik Axel Karlfeldt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":159,"text":"Erik Axel Karlfeldt\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1931.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1864, Karlbo, Sweden\nDied: 8, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2594,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931?","answers":["Jane Addams","Nicholas Murray Butler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":160,"text":"Jane Addams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1860, Cedarville IL, USA\nDied: 21, May, 1935, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"},{"docid":161,"text":"Nicholas Murray Butler\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1931.\nBorn: 2, Apr, 1862, Elizabeth NJ, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1947, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2595,"query":"Who was born in the late 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Edgar Adrian","Herbert S. Gasser","Bernardo Houssay","Selman A. Waksman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2596,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932?","answers":["Edgar Adrian","Sir Charles Sherrington"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":162,"text":"Edgar Adrian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1977, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":163,"text":"Sir Charles Sherrington\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1932.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1857, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Mar, 1952, Eastbourne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2597,"query":"Who was born in the early 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Werner Heisenberg","Paul A.M. Dirac","Enrico Fermi","Ernest Lawrence","Wolfgang Pauli","Walter H. Brattain","Eugene Wigner","Alfred Kastler","Dennis Gabor"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2598,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1932?","answers":["Werner Heisenberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":164,"text":"Werner Heisenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1932.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1901, Würzburg, Germany\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2599,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1932?","answers":["John Galsworthy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":165,"text":"John Galsworthy\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1932.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1867, Kingston Hill, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Jan, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2600,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932?","answers":["Irving Langmuir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":166,"text":"Irving Langmuir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1881, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Aug, 1957, Falmouth MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2601,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1933?","answers":["Paul A.M. Dirac","Erwin Schrödinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":167,"text":"Paul A.M. Dirac\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1902, Bristol, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":168,"text":"Erwin Schrödinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.\nBorn: 12, Aug, 1887, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 4, Jan, 1961, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2602,"query":"Who was born in the early 1870s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Sir Norman Angell","Cordell Hull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"},{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2603,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1933?","answers":["Sir Norman Angell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":169,"text":"Sir Norman Angell\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1933.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1872, Holbeach, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1967, Croydon, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2604,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933?","answers":["Thomas H. Morgan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":170,"text":"Thomas H. Morgan\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1933.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1866, Lexington KY, USA\nDied: 4, Dec, 1945, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2605,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1933?","answers":["Ivan Bunin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":171,"text":"Ivan Bunin\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1933.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1870, Voronezh, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 1953, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2606,"query":"Who was born in the late 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["George H. Whipple","Peyton Rous"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2607,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934?","answers":["George H. Whipple","George R. Minot","William P. Murphy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":172,"text":"George H. Whipple\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1878, Ashland NH, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1976, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":175,"text":"George R. Minot\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1885, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1950, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":176,"text":"William P. Murphy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1934.\nBorn: 6, Feb, 1892, Stoughton WI, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 1987, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2608,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Harold C. Urey","Artturi Virtanen","William F. Giauque","Nikolay Semenov","Robert S. Mulliken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2609,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934?","answers":["Harold C. Urey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":173,"text":"Harold C. Urey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1893, Walkerton IN, USA\nDied: 5, Jan, 1981, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2610,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1934?","answers":["Luigi Pirandello"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":174,"text":"Luigi Pirandello\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1934.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1867, Agrigento Sicily, Italy\nDied: 10, Dec, 1936, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2611,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1934?","answers":["Arthur Henderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":177,"text":"Arthur Henderson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1934.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1863, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 20, Oct, 1935, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2612,"query":"Who was born in the early 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Frédéric Joliot","Richard Kuhn","Arne Tiselius","Kurt Alder","Linus Pauling","Vincent du Vigneaud"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2613,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935?","answers":["Frédéric Joliot","Irène Joliot-Curie"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":178,"text":"Frédéric Joliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1900, Paris, France\nDied: 14, Aug, 1958, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2614,"query":"Who was born in the late 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Irène Joliot-Curie","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood","Karl Ziegler","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Odd Hassel","Georg Wittig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":179,"text":"Irène Joliot-Curie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1897, Paris, France\nDied: 17, Mar, 1956, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut du Radium, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2615,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1935?","answers":["James Chadwick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":180,"text":"James Chadwick\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1935.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1891, Manchester, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jul, 1974, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the neutron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2616,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935?","answers":["Hans Spemann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":181,"text":"Hans Spemann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1935.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1869, Stuttgart, Württemberg (now Germany)\nDied: 12, Sep, 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2617,"query":"Who was born in the 1880s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Carl von Ossietzky","John Boyd Orr","George C. Marshall","Philip Noel-Baker","René Cassin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2618,"query":"Who was born in the late 1880s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Carl von Ossietzky","Philip Noel-Baker","René Cassin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"},{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"},{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2619,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1935?","answers":["Carl von Ossietzky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":182,"text":"Carl von Ossietzky\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1935.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1889, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 4, May, 1938, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2620,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936?","answers":["Peter Debye"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":183,"text":"Peter Debye\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1884, Maastricht, the Netherlands\nDied: 2, Nov, 1966, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Berlin University, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2621,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936?","answers":["Otto Loewi","Sir Henry Dale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":184,"text":"Otto Loewi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1873, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 25, Dec, 1961, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Graz University, Graz, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":186,"text":"Sir Henry Dale\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1936.\nBorn: 9, Jun, 1875, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Jul, 1968, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2622,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1936?","answers":["Victor F. Hess","Carl D. Anderson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":185,"text":"Victor F. Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1883, Peggau, Austria\nDied: 17, Dec, 1964, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":187,"text":"Carl D. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1936.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1905, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jan, 1991, San Marino CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the positron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2623,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1936?","answers":["Carlos Saavedra Lamas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":188,"text":"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1936.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1878, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 5, May, 1959, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2624,"query":"Who was born in the late 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Eugene O'Neill","Frans Eemil Sillanpää","Gabriela Mistral","T.S. Eliot","Saint-John Perse","Shmuel Agnon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2625,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1936?","answers":["Eugene O'Neill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":189,"text":"Eugene O'Neill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1936.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1888, New York NY, USA\nDied: 27, Nov, 1953, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2626,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1937?","answers":["George Paget Thomson","Clinton Davisson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":190,"text":"George Paget Thomson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 3, May, 1892, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Sep, 1975, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":193,"text":"Clinton Davisson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1937.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1881, Bloomington IL, USA\nDied: 1, Feb, 1958, Charlottesville VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2627,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Albert Szent-Györgyi","Gerhard Domagk","Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy","Gerty Cori","Carl Cori","Philip S. Hench","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2628,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937?","answers":["Albert Szent-Györgyi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":191,"text":"Albert Szent-Györgyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1937.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1893, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 22, Oct, 1986, Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2629,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937?","answers":["Norman Haworth","Paul Karrer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":192,"text":"Norman Haworth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1883, Chorley, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Mar, 1950, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2630,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937?","answers":["Robert Cecil"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":194,"text":"Robert Cecil\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1937.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1864, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Nov, 1958, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2631,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1937?","answers":["Roger Martin du Gard"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":195,"text":"Roger Martin du Gard\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1937.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France\nDied: 22, Aug, 1958, Bellême, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2632,"query":"Who was born in the late 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Paul Karrer","Leopold Ruzicka","James B. Sumner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":196,"text":"Paul Karrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1889, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 18, Jun, 1971, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2633,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1938?","answers":["Enrico Fermi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":197,"text":"Enrico Fermi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1938.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1901, Rome, Italy\nDied: 28, Nov, 1954, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rome University, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2634,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938?","answers":["Richard Kuhn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":198,"text":"Richard Kuhn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1900, Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)\nDied: 31, Jul, 1967, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2635,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938?","answers":["Corneille Heymans"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":199,"text":"Corneille Heymans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1938.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1892, Ghent, Belgium\nDied: 18, Jul, 1968, Knokke, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2636,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1938?","answers":["Nansen International Office for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":200,"text":"Nansen International Office for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1938.\nFounded: 1921\nPrize motivation: \"for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2637,"query":"Who was born in the early 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Pearl Buck","Pär Lagerkvist","Boris Pasternak","Ivo Andric","Nelly Sachs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2638,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1938?","answers":["Pearl Buck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":201,"text":"Pearl Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1938.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1892, Hillsboro WV, USA\nDied: 6, Mar, 1973, Danby VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2639,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939?","answers":["Gerhard Domagk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":202,"text":"Gerhard Domagk\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1939.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Lagow, Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Apr, 1964, Burgberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Munster University, Munster, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2640,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1939?","answers":["Ernest Lawrence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":203,"text":"Ernest Lawrence\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1939.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1901, Canton SD, USA\nDied: 27, Aug, 1958, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2641,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939?","answers":["Leopold Ruzicka","Adolf Butenandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":204,"text":"Leopold Ruzicka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1887, Vukovar, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)\nDied: 26, Sep, 1976, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2642,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Adolf Butenandt","Wendell M. Stanley","Giulio Natta","Lars Onsager","Luis Leloir","Gerhard Herzberg","Vladimir Prelog","Charles J. Pedersen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":205,"text":"Adolf Butenandt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany\nDied: 18, Jan, 1995, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on sex hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2643,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1939?","answers":["Frans Eemil Sillanpää"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":206,"text":"Frans Eemil Sillanpää\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1939.\nBorn: 16, Sep, 1888, Hämeenkyrö, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 3, Jun, 1964, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2644,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943?","answers":["Henrik Dam","Edward A. Doisy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":207,"text":"Henrik Dam\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1895, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 17, Apr, 1976, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":208,"text":"Edward A. Doisy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1943.\nBorn: 13, Nov, 1893, Hume IL, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 1986, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2645,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943?","answers":["George de Hevesy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":209,"text":"George de Hevesy\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1885, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 5, Jul, 1966, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2646,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1943?","answers":["Otto Stern"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":210,"text":"Otto Stern\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1943.\nBorn: 17, Feb, 1888, Sorau (now Zory), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 17, Aug, 1969, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2647,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944?","answers":["Joseph Erlanger","Herbert S. Gasser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":211,"text":"Joseph Erlanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jan, 1874, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 5, Dec, 1965, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":213,"text":"Herbert S. Gasser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1944.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1888, Platteville WI, USA\nDied: 11, May, 1963, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2648,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1944?","answers":["Johannes V. Jensen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":212,"text":"Johannes V. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1944.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1873, Farsø, Denmark\nDied: 25, Nov, 1950, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2649,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944?","answers":["Otto Hahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":214,"text":"Otto Hahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1879, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nDied: 28, Jul, 1968, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2650,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1944?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":215,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1944.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2651,"query":"Who was born in the late 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Isidor Isaac Rabi","Patrick M.S. Blackett","John Cockcroft","John H. Van Vleck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2652,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1944?","answers":["Isidor Isaac Rabi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":216,"text":"Isidor Isaac Rabi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1944.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1898, Rymanow, Austria-Hungary (now Poland)\nDied: 11, Jan, 1988, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2653,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1945?","answers":["Wolfgang Pauli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":217,"text":"Wolfgang Pauli\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1945.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1900, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 15, Dec, 1958, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2654,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1945?","answers":["Gabriela Mistral"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":218,"text":"Gabriela Mistral\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1945.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1889, Vicuña, Chile\nDied: 10, Jan, 1957, Hempstead NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2655,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945?","answers":["Artturi Virtanen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":219,"text":"Artturi Virtanen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1895, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 11, Nov, 1973, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2656,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945?","answers":["Cordell Hull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":220,"text":"Cordell Hull\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1945.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1871, Olympus TN, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 1955, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2657,"query":"Who was born in the early 1880s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Sir Alexander Fleming","Walter Hess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2658,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945?","answers":["Sir Alexander Fleming","Ernst B. Chain","Sir Howard Florey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":221,"text":"Sir Alexander Fleming\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 6, Aug, 1881, Lochfield, Scotland\nDied: 11, Mar, 1955, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":222,"text":"Ernst B. Chain\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1979, Mulrany, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2659,"query":"Who was born in the late 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Sir Howard Florey","Paul Müller","Tadeus Reichstein","Max Theiler","Fritz Lipmann","John F. Enders","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet","Georg von Békésy","Albert Claude"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":223,"text":"Sir Howard Florey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1898, Adelaide, Australia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1968, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2660,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946?","answers":["John R. Mott","Emily Greene Balch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":224,"text":"John R. Mott\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 25, May, 1865, Livingston Manor NY, USA\nDied: 31, Jan, 1955, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries\"\n"},{"docid":230,"text":"Emily Greene Balch\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1946.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1867, Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA), USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 1961, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her lifelong work for the cause of peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2661,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1946?","answers":["Percy W. Bridgman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":225,"text":"Percy W. Bridgman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1946.\nBorn: 21, Apr, 1882, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 20, Aug, 1961, Randolph NH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2662,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946?","answers":["James B. Sumner","John H. Northrop","Wendell M. Stanley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":226,"text":"James B. Sumner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1887, Canton MA, USA\nDied: 12, Aug, 1955, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":228,"text":"Wendell M. Stanley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1904, Ridgeville IN, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 1971, Salamanca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2663,"query":"Who was born in the early 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["John H. Northrop","Jaroslav Heyrovsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":227,"text":"John H. Northrop\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1891, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 27, May, 1987, Wickenberg AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2664,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946?","answers":["Hermann J. Muller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":229,"text":"Hermann J. Muller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1946.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1890, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 1967, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2665,"query":"Who was born in the late 1870s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Hermann Hesse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2666,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1946?","answers":["Hermann Hesse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":231,"text":"Hermann Hesse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1946.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1877, Calw, Germany\nDied: 9, Aug, 1962, Montagnola, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2667,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947?","answers":["Gerty Cori","Bernardo Houssay","Carl Cori"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":232,"text":"Gerty Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1957, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":233,"text":"Bernardo Houssay\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1887, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDied: 21, Sep, 1971, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":239,"text":"Carl Cori\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1947.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1896, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 20, Oct, 1984, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2668,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1947?","answers":["Edward V. Appleton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":234,"text":"Edward V. Appleton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1947.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1892, Bradford, United Kingdom\nDied: 21, Apr, 1965, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2669,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1947?","answers":["André Gide"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":235,"text":"André Gide\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1947.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1869, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1951, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2670,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947?","answers":["Sir Robert Robinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":236,"text":"Sir Robert Robinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1886, Rufford near Chesterfield, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 1975, Great Missenden, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2671,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947?","answers":["Friends Service Council ","American Friends Service Committee "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":237,"text":"Friends Service Council \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1647\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"},{"docid":238,"text":"American Friends Service Committee \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1947.\nFounded: 1917\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2672,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948?","answers":["Paul Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":240,"text":"Paul Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1948.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1899, Olten, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Oct, 1965, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2673,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1948?","answers":["T.S. Eliot"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":241,"text":"T.S. Eliot\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1948.\nBorn: 26, Sep, 1888, St. Louis MO, USA\nDied: 4, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2674,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948?","answers":["Arne Tiselius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":242,"text":"Arne Tiselius\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1902, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 29, Oct, 1971, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2675,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1948?","answers":["Patrick M.S. Blackett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":243,"text":"Patrick M.S. Blackett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1948.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Jul, 1974, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2676,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949?","answers":["Egas Moniz","Walter Hess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":244,"text":"Egas Moniz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 29, Nov, 1874, Avanca, Portugal\nDied: 13, Dec, 1955, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":246,"text":"Walter Hess\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1949.\nBorn: 17, Mar, 1881, Frauenfeld, Switzerland\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Ascona, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2677,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949?","answers":["William F. Giauque"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":245,"text":"William F. Giauque\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949.\nBorn: 12, May, 1895, Niagara Falls, Canada\nDied: 28, Mar, 1982, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2678,"query":"Who was born in the late 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["William Faulkner","Ernest Hemingway","Miguel Angel Asturias","Yasunari Kawabata","Vicente Aleixandre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2679,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1949?","answers":["William Faulkner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":247,"text":"William Faulkner\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1949.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1897, New Albany MS, USA\nDied: 6, Jul, 1962, Byhalia MS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2680,"query":"Who was born in the early 1880s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["John Boyd Orr","George C. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"},{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2681,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1949?","answers":["John Boyd Orr"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":248,"text":"John Boyd Orr\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1949.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1880, Kilmaurs, Scotland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1971, Edzell, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2682,"query":"Who was born in the late 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Hideki Yukawa","John Bardeen","Il´ja M. Frank","Lev Landau","J. Hans D. Jensen","Hannes Alfvén","John Bardeen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2683,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1949?","answers":["Hideki Yukawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":249,"text":"Hideki Yukawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1949.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1907, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 8, Sep, 1981, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2684,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1950?","answers":["Bertrand Russell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":250,"text":"Bertrand Russell\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1950.\nBorn: 18, May, 1872, Trelleck, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Feb, 1970, Penrhyndeudraeth, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2685,"query":"Who was born in the 1900s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Ralph Bunche","Dag Hammarskjöld","Linus Pauling","Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride","Alva Myrdal","Joseph Rotblat"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2686,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1900s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Ralph Bunche","Dag Hammarskjöld","Seán MacBride"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"},{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2687,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950?","answers":["Ralph Bunche"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":251,"text":"Ralph Bunche\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1950.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1904, Detroit MI, USA\nDied: 9, Dec, 1971, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2688,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950?","answers":["Philip S. Hench","Tadeus Reichstein","Edward C. Kendall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":252,"text":"Philip S. Hench\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1896, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 30, Mar, 1965, Ocho Rios, Jamaica\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":253,"text":"Tadeus Reichstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1897, Wloclawek, Poland\nDied: 1, Aug, 1996, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel University, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":254,"text":"Edward C. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1950.\nBorn: 8, Mar, 1886, South Norwalk CT, USA\nDied: 4, May, 1972, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2689,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950?","answers":["Kurt Alder","Otto Diels"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":255,"text":"Kurt Alder\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1902, Königshütte (now Chorzów), Prussia (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Jun, 1958, Cologne, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cologne University, Cologne, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":257,"text":"Otto Diels\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1876, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 7, Mar, 1954, Kiel, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kiel University, Kiel, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2690,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1950?","answers":["Cecil Powell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":256,"text":"Cecil Powell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1950.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1903, Tonbridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Aug, 1969, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2691,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951?","answers":["Léon Jouhaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":258,"text":"Léon Jouhaux\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1951.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1879, Paris, France\nDied: 28, Apr, 1954, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2692,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1951?","answers":["Pär Lagerkvist"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":259,"text":"Pär Lagerkvist\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1951.\nBorn: 23, May, 1891, Växjö, Sweden\nDied: 11, Jul, 1974, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2693,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1951?","answers":["Ernest T.S. Walton","John Cockcroft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":260,"text":"Ernest T.S. Walton\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1903, Dungarvan, Ireland\nDied: 25, Jun, 1995, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":261,"text":"John Cockcroft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1951.\nBorn: 27, May, 1897, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Sep, 1967, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Berkshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2694,"query":"Who was born in the late 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Edwin M. McMillan","Lord Todd","Willard F. Libby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2695,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951?","answers":["Edwin M. McMillan","Glenn T. Seaborg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":262,"text":"Edwin M. McMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1907, Redondo Beach CA, USA\nDied: 7, Sep, 1991, El Cerrito CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2696,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951?","answers":["Max Theiler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":263,"text":"Max Theiler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1951.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1899, Pretoria, South Africa\nDied: 11, Aug, 1972, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2697,"query":"Who was born in the early 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Glenn T. Seaborg","Archer J.P. Martin","Melvin Calvin","Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin","William H. Stein","Paul J. Flory","Herbert C. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":264,"text":"Glenn T. Seaborg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1912, Ishpeming MI, USA\nDied: 25, Feb, 1999, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2698,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1952?","answers":["Felix Bloch","E. M. Purcell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":265,"text":"Felix Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1905, Zurich, Switzerland\nDied: 10, Sep, 1983, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2699,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Richard L.M. Synge","Max F. Perutz","Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","Henry Taube"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2700,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952?","answers":["Richard L.M. Synge","Archer J.P. Martin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":266,"text":"Richard L.M. Synge\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 28, Oct, 1914, Liverpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 18, Aug, 1994, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":269,"text":"Archer J.P. Martin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2002, Llangarron, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their invention of partition chromatography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2701,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1870s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Albert Schweitzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2702,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952?","answers":["Albert Schweitzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":267,"text":"Albert Schweitzer\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1952.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1875, Kaysersberg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 4, Sep, 1965, Lambaréné, Gabon\nPrize motivation: \"for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2703,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952?","answers":["Selman A. Waksman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":268,"text":"Selman A. Waksman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952.\nBorn: 22, Jul, 1888, Priluka (now Nova Pryluka), Russian Empire (now Ukraine)\nDied: 16, Aug, 1973, Hyannis MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2704,"query":"Who was born in the early 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["E. M. Purcell","Polykarp Kusch","William B. Shockley","Luis Alvarez","William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":270,"text":"E. M. Purcell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1952.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1912, Taylorville IL, USA\nDied: 7, Mar, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2705,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1952?","answers":["François Mauriac"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":271,"text":"François Mauriac\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1952.\nBorn: 11, Oct, 1885, Bordeaux, France\nDied: 1, Sep, 1970, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2706,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953?","answers":["George C. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":272,"text":"George C. Marshall\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1953.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1880, Uniontown PA, USA\nDied: 16, Oct, 1959, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2707,"query":"Who was born in the early 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Hans Krebs","André Lwoff","Charles B. Huggins","Ragnar Granit","Barbara McClintock"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2708,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953?","answers":["Hans Krebs","Fritz Lipmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":273,"text":"Hans Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1900, Hildesheim, Germany\nDied: 22, Nov, 1981, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":274,"text":"Fritz Lipmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1953.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1899, Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1986, Poughkeepsie NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2709,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1953?","answers":["Frits Zernike"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":275,"text":"Frits Zernike\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1953.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1888, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 10, Mar, 1966, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2710,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953?","answers":["Hermann Staudinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":276,"text":"Hermann Staudinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1881, Worms, Germany\nDied: 8, Sep, 1965, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2711,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1953?","answers":["Winston Churchill"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":277,"text":"Winston Churchill\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1874, Woodstock, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Jan, 1965, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2712,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954?","answers":["John F. Enders","Thomas H. Weller","Frederick C. Robbins"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":278,"text":"John F. Enders\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1897, West Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Waterford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":279,"text":"Thomas H. Weller\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1915, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2008, Needham MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":280,"text":"Frederick C. Robbins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1954.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1916, Auburn AL, USA\nDied: 4, Aug, 2003, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2713,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954?","answers":["Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":281,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2714,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1954?","answers":["Max Born","Walther Bothe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":282,"text":"Max Born\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1882, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 5, Jan, 1970, Göttingen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":283,"text":"Walther Bothe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1954.\nBorn: 8, Jan, 1891, Oranienburg, Germany\nDied: 8, Feb, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2715,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1954?","answers":["Ernest Hemingway"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":284,"text":"Ernest Hemingway\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1954.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1899, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 2, Jul, 1961, Ketchum ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2716,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":285,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1954.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2717,"query":"Who was born in the early 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Halldór Laxness","Salvatore Quasimodo","John Steinbeck","Giorgos Seferis","Eyvind Johnson","Jaroslav Seifert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2718,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1955?","answers":["Halldór Laxness"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":286,"text":"Halldór Laxness\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1955.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1902, Reykjavik, Iceland\nDied: 8, Feb, 1998, Reykjavik, Iceland\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2719,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1955?","answers":["Polykarp Kusch","Willis E. Lamb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":287,"text":"Polykarp Kusch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1911, Blankenburg, Germany\nDied: 20, Mar, 1993, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2720,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Willis E. Lamb","Robert Hofstadter","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul","Clifford G. Shull","Raymond Davis Jr.","Vitaly L. Ginzburg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":288,"text":"Willis E. Lamb\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1955.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1913, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2008, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":742,"text":"Raymond Davis Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1914, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 31, May, 2006, Blue Point NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":753,"text":"Vitaly L. Ginzburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1916, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2721,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955?","answers":["Hugo Theorell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":289,"text":"Hugo Theorell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1955.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1903, Linköping, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 1982, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2722,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955?","answers":["Vincent du Vigneaud"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":290,"text":"Vincent du Vigneaud\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955.\nBorn: 18, May, 1901, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 11, Dec, 1978, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2723,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956?","answers":["Werner Forssmann","André F. Cournand","Dickinson W. Richards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":291,"text":"Werner Forssmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1904, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 1, Jun, 1979, Schopfheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Mainz University, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":292,"text":"André F. Cournand\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1895, Paris, France\nDied: 19, Feb, 1988, Great Barrington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":298,"text":"Dickinson W. Richards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1956.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1895, Orange NJ, USA\nDied: 23, Feb, 1973, Lakeville CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2724,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1956?","answers":["Walter H. Brattain","John Bardeen","William B. Shockley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":293,"text":"Walter H. Brattain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1902, Amoy, China\nDied: 13, Oct, 1987, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":296,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":297,"text":"William B. Shockley\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1956.\nBorn: 13, Feb, 1910, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 1989, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2725,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956?","answers":["Nikolay Semenov","Sir Cyril Hinshelwood"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":294,"text":"Nikolay Semenov\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 3, Apr, 1896, Saratov, Russia\nDied: 25, Sep, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":295,"text":"Sir Cyril Hinshelwood\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956.\nBorn: 19, May, 1897, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 9, Oct, 1967, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2726,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1956?","answers":["Juan Ramón Jiménez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":299,"text":"Juan Ramón Jiménez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1956.\nBorn: 24, Dec, 1881, Moguer, Spain\nDied: 29, May, 1958, San Juan, Puerto Rico\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2727,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1957?","answers":["Chen Ning Yang","Tsung-Dao Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":300,"text":"Chen Ning Yang\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1922, Hofei Anhwei, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":303,"text":"Tsung-Dao Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1957.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1926, Shanghai, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2728,"query":"Who was born in the 1890s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Albert Lutuli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2729,"query":"Who was born in the late 1890s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson","Albert Lutuli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"},{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2730,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957?","answers":["Lester Bowles Pearson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":301,"text":"Lester Bowles Pearson\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1957.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1897, Toronto, Canada\nDied: 27, Dec, 1972, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2731,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957?","answers":["Lord Todd"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":302,"text":"Lord Todd\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1907, Glasgow, Scotland\nDied: 10, Jan, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2732,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Albert Camus","Saul Bellow","Claude Simon","Camilo José Cela","Octavio Paz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2733,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1957?","answers":["Albert Camus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":304,"text":"Albert Camus\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1957.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1913, Mondovi, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nDied: 4, Jan, 1960, Sens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2734,"query":"Who was born in the late 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Daniel Bovet","Edward Tatum","Alfred D. Hershey","Nikolaas Tinbergen","Rita Levi-Montalcini"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2735,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957?","answers":["Daniel Bovet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":305,"text":"Daniel Bovet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957.\nBorn: 23, Mar, 1907, Neuchâtel, Switzerland\nDied: 8, Apr, 1992, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2736,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958?","answers":["Frederick Sanger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":306,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2737,"query":"Who was born in the 1910s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Georges Pire","Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt","Le Duc Tho ","Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Alfonso García Robles","Nelson Mandela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2738,"query":"Who was born in the early 1910s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Georges Pire","Le Duc Tho ","Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu","Alfonso García Robles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2739,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1958?","answers":["Georges Pire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":307,"text":"Georges Pire\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1910, Dinant, Belgium\nDied: 30, Jan, 1969, Leuven, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2740,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958?","answers":["Edward Tatum","Joshua Lederberg","George Beadle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":308,"text":"Edward Tatum\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1909, Boulder CO, USA\nDied: 5, Nov, 1975, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":309,"text":"Joshua Lederberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 23, May, 1925, Montclair NJ, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 2008, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":314,"text":"George Beadle\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1958.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1903, Wahoo NE, USA\nDied: 9, Jun, 1989, Pomona CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2741,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1958?","answers":["Boris Pasternak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":310,"text":"Boris Pasternak\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1958.\nBorn: 10, Feb, 1890, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 30, May, 1960, Peredelkino, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2742,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1958?","answers":["Il´ja M. Frank","Igor Y. Tamm","Pavel A. Cherenkov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":311,"text":"Il´ja M. Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 23, Oct, 1908, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia\nDied: 22, Jun, 1990, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":313,"text":"Pavel A. Cherenkov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1904, Novaya Chigla, Russia\nDied: 6, Jan, 1990, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2743,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Igor Y. Tamm","Pyotr Kapitsa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":312,"text":"Igor Y. Tamm\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958.\nBorn: 8, Jul, 1895, Vladivostok, Russia\nDied: 12, Apr, 1971, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":492,"text":"Pyotr Kapitsa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1894, Kronshtadt, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 8, Apr, 1984, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2744,"query":"Who was born in the late 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Arthur Kornberg","Andrew Huxley","Rodney R. Porter","Christian de Duve","Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Gertrude B. Elion","Joseph E. Murray","Edwin G. Krebs","Edward B. Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2745,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959?","answers":["Arthur Kornberg","Severo Ochoa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":315,"text":"Arthur Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1918, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 26, Oct, 2007, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":319,"text":"Severo Ochoa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1959.\nBorn: 24, Sep, 1905, Luarca, Spain\nDied: 1, Nov, 1993, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University College of Medicine, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2746,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959?","answers":["Jaroslav Heyrovsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":316,"text":"Jaroslav Heyrovsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959.\nBorn: 20, Dec, 1890, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 27, Mar, 1967, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2747,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1959?","answers":["Owen Chamberlain","Emilio Segrè"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":317,"text":"Owen Chamberlain\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1920, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2006, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":318,"text":"Emilio Segrè\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1959.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1905, Tivoli, Italy\nDied: 22, Apr, 1989, Lafayette CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the antiproton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2748,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1959?","answers":["Philip Noel-Baker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":320,"text":"Philip Noel-Baker\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1959.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1889, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Oct, 1982, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2749,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1959?","answers":["Salvatore Quasimodo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":321,"text":"Salvatore Quasimodo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1959.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1901, Modica, Italy\nDied: 14, Jun, 1968, Naples, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2750,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960?","answers":["Peter Medawar","Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":322,"text":"Peter Medawar\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\nDied: 2, Oct, 1987, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":324,"text":"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1960.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1899, Traralgon, Australia\nDied: 31, Aug, 1985, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2751,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1960?","answers":["Donald A. Glaser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":323,"text":"Donald A. Glaser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1960.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1926, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 28, Feb, 2013, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the bubble chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2752,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1960?","answers":["Saint-John Perse"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":325,"text":"Saint-John Perse\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1960.\nBorn: 31, May, 1887, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island\nDied: 20, Sep, 1975, Presqu'île-de-Giens, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2753,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1960?","answers":["Albert Lutuli"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":326,"text":"Albert Lutuli\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1960.\nBorn: 1898, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)\nDied: 21, Jul, 1967, Stanger, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle against apartheid\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2754,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960?","answers":["Willard F. Libby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":327,"text":"Willard F. Libby\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960.\nBorn: 17, Dec, 1908, Grand Valley CO, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1980, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2755,"query":"Who was born in the late 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Rudolf Mössbauer","Murray Gell-Mann","Ivar Giaever","K. Alex Müller","Richard E. Taylor","Martin L. Perl","Herbert Kroemer","Alexei Abrikosov","Peter Higgs","Isamu Akasaki"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":713,"text":"Herbert Kroemer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1928, Weimar, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":757,"text":"Alexei Abrikosov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1928, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 29, Mar, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2756,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1961?","answers":["Rudolf Mössbauer","Robert Hofstadter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":328,"text":"Rudolf Mössbauer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1929, Munich, Germany\nDied: 14, Sep, 2011\nPrize motivation: \"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":333,"text":"Robert Hofstadter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1961.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1915, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, Nov, 1990, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2757,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1961?","answers":["Dag Hammarskjöld"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":329,"text":"Dag Hammarskjöld\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1961.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1905, Jönköping, Sweden\nDied: 18, Sep, 1961, Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)\nPrize motivation: \"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2758,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961?","answers":["Georg von Békésy"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":330,"text":"Georg von Békésy\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1961.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1899, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 13, Jun, 1972, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2759,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1961?","answers":["Ivo Andric"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":331,"text":"Ivo Andric\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1961.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1892, Dolac, Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 13, Mar, 1975, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2760,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961?","answers":["Melvin Calvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":332,"text":"Melvin Calvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1911, St. Paul MN, USA\nDied: 8, Jan, 1997, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2761,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962?","answers":["Maurice Wilkins","James Watson","Francis Crick"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":334,"text":"Maurice Wilkins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 15, Dec, 1916, Pongaroa, New Zealand\nDied: 5, Oct, 2004, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":336,"text":"Francis Crick\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1916, Northampton, United Kingdom\nDied: 28, Jul, 2004, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2762,"query":"Who was born in the late 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["James Watson","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Gerald M. Edelman","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber","John R. Vane","César Milstein","Eric Kandel","Sydney Brenner","Paul C. Lauterbur"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":335,"text":"James Watson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1962.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1928, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2763,"query":"Who was born in the early 1900s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Linus Pauling","Eisaku Sato","Alva Myrdal"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2764,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962?","answers":["Linus Pauling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":337,"text":"Linus Pauling\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1962.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1901, Portland OR, USA\nDied: 19, Aug, 1994, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2765,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962?","answers":["John C. Kendrew","Max F. Perutz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":338,"text":"John C. Kendrew\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1917, Oxford, United Kingdom\nDied: 23, Aug, 1997, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":339,"text":"Max F. Perutz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962.\nBorn: 19, May, 1914, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 6, Feb, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2766,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1962?","answers":["Lev Landau"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":340,"text":"Lev Landau\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1962.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan)\nDied: 1, Apr, 1968, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2767,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1962?","answers":["John Steinbeck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":341,"text":"John Steinbeck\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1902, Salinas CA, USA\nDied: 20, Dec, 1968, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2768,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963?","answers":["Andrew Huxley","Alan Hodgkin","Sir John Eccles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":342,"text":"Andrew Huxley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1917, Hampstead, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, May, 2012, Grantchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":343,"text":"Alan Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 5, Feb, 1914, Banbury, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, Dec, 1998, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":344,"text":"Sir John Eccles\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1963.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1903, Melbourne, Australia\nDied: 2, May, 1997, Contra, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Canberra, Australia\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2769,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1963?","answers":["J. Hans D. Jensen","Eugene Wigner","Maria Goeppert Mayer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":345,"text":"J. Hans D. Jensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1907, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 11, Feb, 1973, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":346,"text":"Eugene Wigner\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1902, Budapest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)\nDied: 1, Jan, 1995, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":350,"text":"Maria Goeppert Mayer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1963.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1906, Kattowitz (now Katowice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 20, Feb, 1972, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2770,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963?","answers":["International Committee of the Red Cross ","League of Red Cross Societies "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":347,"text":"International Committee of the Red Cross \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1863\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"},{"docid":348,"text":"League of Red Cross Societies \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1963.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2771,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1963?","answers":["Giorgos Seferis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":349,"text":"Giorgos Seferis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1963.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1900, Smyrna (now Izmir), Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)\nDied: 20, Sep, 1971, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2772,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963?","answers":["Karl Ziegler","Giulio Natta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":351,"text":"Karl Ziegler\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1898, Helsa, Germany\nDied: 12, Aug, 1973, Mülheim, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":352,"text":"Giulio Natta\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1903, Imperia, Italy\nDied: 2, May, 1979, Bergamo, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2773,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1964?","answers":["Nicolay G. Basov","Aleksandr M. Prokhorov","Charles H. Townes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":353,"text":"Nicolay G. Basov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 14, Dec, 1922, Usman, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 1, Jul, 2001, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":356,"text":"Aleksandr M. Prokhorov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 11, Jul, 1916, Atherton, Australia\nDied: 8, Jan, 2002, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":358,"text":"Charles H. Townes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1964.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1915, Greenville SC, USA\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2774,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Jean-Paul Sartre","Mikhail Sholokhov","Samuel Beckett","Pablo Neruda","Harry Martinson","Isaac Bashevis Singer","Elias Canetti"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2775,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1964?","answers":["Jean-Paul Sartre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":354,"text":"Jean-Paul Sartre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1905, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Apr, 1980, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2776,"query":"Who was born in the 1920s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Martin Luther King Jr.","Henry Kissinger","Andrei Sakharov","Elie Wiesel","Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres","Kim Dae-jung","Jimmy Carter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2777,"query":"Who was born in the late 1920s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Martin Luther King Jr.","Elie Wiesel","Yasser Arafat"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"},{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"},{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2778,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964?","answers":["Martin Luther King Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":355,"text":"Martin Luther King Jr.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1964.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1929, Atlanta GA, USA\nDied: 4, Apr, 1968, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2779,"query":"Who was born in the early 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch","Jacques Monod","Salvador E. Luria","Julius Axelrod","Sir Bernard Katz","George E. Palade","Niels K. Jerne"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2780,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964?","answers":["Feodor Lynen","Konrad Bloch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":357,"text":"Feodor Lynen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1911, Munich, Germany\nDied: 6, Aug, 1979, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":359,"text":"Konrad Bloch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1964.\nBorn: 21, Jan, 1912, Neisse (now Nysa), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 15, Oct, 2000, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2781,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964?","answers":["Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":360,"text":"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964.\nBorn: 12, May, 1910, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 29, Jul, 1994, Shipston-on-Stour, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2782,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965?","answers":["Robert B. Woodward"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":361,"text":"Robert B. Woodward\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1917, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2783,"query":"Who was born in the early 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["François Jacob","H. Gobind Khorana","Robert W. Holley","Rosalyn Yalow","Baruj Benacerraf","Stanley Cohen","E. Donnall Thomas","Edmond H. Fischer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2784,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965?","answers":["François Jacob","André Lwoff","Jacques Monod"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":362,"text":"François Jacob\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1920, Nancy, France\nDied: 19, Apr, 2013, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":363,"text":"André Lwoff\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 8, May, 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France\nDied: 30, Sep, 1994, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":364,"text":"Jacques Monod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1965.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1910, Paris, France\nDied: 31, May, 1976, Cannes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2785,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965?","answers":["United Nations Children's Fund "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":365,"text":"United Nations Children's Fund \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1965.\nFounded: 1946\nPrize motivation: \"for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2786,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1965?","answers":["Sin-Itiro Tomonaga","Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":366,"text":"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1906, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 8, Jul, 1979, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2787,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1965?","answers":["Mikhail Sholokhov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":367,"text":"Mikhail Sholokhov\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1965.\nBorn: 24, May, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia\nDied: 21, Feb, 1984, Veshenskaya, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2788,"query":"Who was born in the late 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Julian Schwinger","Richard P. Feynman","Martin Ryle","James Rainwater","Kai M. Siegbahn","Bertram N. Brockhouse","Frederick Reines"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":368,"text":"Julian Schwinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 12, Feb, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 16, Jul, 1994, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":369,"text":"Richard P. Feynman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1965.\nBorn: 11, May, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1988, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2789,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966?","answers":["Charles B. Huggins","Peyton Rous"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":370,"text":"Charles B. Huggins\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 22, Sep, 1901, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada\nDied: 12, Jan, 1997, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":373,"text":"Peyton Rous\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1966.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1879, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 16, Feb, 1970, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2790,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1966?","answers":["Shmuel Agnon","Nelly Sachs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":371,"text":"Shmuel Agnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 17, Jul, 1888, Buczacz (now Buchach), Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)\nDied: 17, Feb, 1970, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":374,"text":"Nelly Sachs\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1966.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1891, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 12, May, 1970, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2791,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966?","answers":["Robert S. Mulliken"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":372,"text":"Robert S. Mulliken\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1896, Newburyport MA, USA\nDied: 31, Oct, 1986, Arlington VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2792,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1966?","answers":["Alfred Kastler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":375,"text":"Alfred Kastler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1966.\nBorn: 3, May, 1902, Guebwiller, Germany (now France)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1984, Bandol, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2793,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967?","answers":["Ragnar Granit","George Wald","Keffer Hartline"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":376,"text":"Ragnar Granit\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1900, Helsinki, Russian Empire (now Finland)\nDied: 12, Mar, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":377,"text":"George Wald\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1906, New York NY, USA\nDied: 12, Apr, 1997, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":382,"text":"Keffer Hartline\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1967.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1903, Bloomsburg PA, USA\nDied: 17, Mar, 1983, Fallston MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2794,"query":"Who was born in the early 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["George Porter","Geoffrey Wilkinson","Peter Mitchell","Bruce Merrifield","John Goodenough"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2795,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967?","answers":["George Porter","Ronald G.W. Norrish","Manfred Eigen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":378,"text":"George Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1920, Stainforth, United Kingdom\nDied: 31, Aug, 2002, Canterbury, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":380,"text":"Ronald G.W. Norrish\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1897, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Jun, 1978, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2796,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1967?","answers":["Miguel Angel Asturias"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":379,"text":"Miguel Angel Asturias\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1967.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1899, Guatemala City, Guatemala\nDied: 9, Jun, 1974, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2797,"query":"Who was born in the late 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Manfred Eigen","John C. Polanyi","Elias James Corey","George A. Olah","F. Sherwood Rowland","Alan MacDiarmid","Osamu Shimomura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":381,"text":"Manfred Eigen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967.\nBorn: 9, May, 1927, Bochum, Germany\nDied: 6, Feb, 2019, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2798,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1967?","answers":["Hans Bethe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":383,"text":"Hans Bethe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1967.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1906, Strasbourg, Germany (now France)\nDied: 6, Mar, 2005, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2799,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968?","answers":["H. Gobind Khorana","Marshall W. Nirenberg","Robert W. Holley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":384,"text":"H. Gobind Khorana\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1922, Raipur, India\nDied: 9, Nov, 2011, Concord MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":385,"text":"Marshall W. Nirenberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 10, Apr, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Jan, 2010, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":388,"text":"Robert W. Holley\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1922, Urbana IL, USA\nDied: 11, Feb, 1993, Los Gatos CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2800,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968?","answers":["Lars Onsager"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":386,"text":"Lars Onsager\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968.\nBorn: 27, Nov, 1903, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 5, Oct, 1976, Coral Gables FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2801,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968?","answers":["René Cassin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":387,"text":"René Cassin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1968.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1887, Bayonne, France\nDied: 20, Feb, 1976, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2802,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1968?","answers":["Luis Alvarez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":389,"text":"Luis Alvarez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1968.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1911, San Francisco CA, USA\nDied: 1, Sep, 1988, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2803,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1968?","answers":["Yasunari Kawabata"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":390,"text":"Yasunari Kawabata\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1968.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1899, Osaka, Japan\nDied: 16, Apr, 1972, Zushi, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2804,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969?","answers":["Derek Barton","Odd Hassel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":391,"text":"Derek Barton\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1918, Gravesend, United Kingdom\nDied: 16, Mar, 1998, College Station TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":400,"text":"Odd Hassel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969.\nBorn: 17, May, 1897, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway\nDied: 11, May, 1981, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2805,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1969?","answers":["Samuel Beckett"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":392,"text":"Samuel Beckett\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1969.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1906, Dublin, Ireland\nDied: 22, Dec, 1989, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2806,"query":"Who was born in the 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Bertil Ohlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2807,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Ragnar Frisch"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2808,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1969?","answers":["Ragnar Frisch","Jan Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":393,"text":"Ragnar Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 3, Mar, 1895, Oslo, Norway\nDied: 31, Jan, 1973, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2809,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1969?","answers":["Murray Gell-Mann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":394,"text":"Murray Gell-Mann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1969.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, May, 2019, Santa Fe NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2810,"query":"Who was born in the 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Jan Tinbergen","Simon Kuznets","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief","James E. Meade","Theodore W. Schultz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2811,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Jan Tinbergen","John R. Hicks","Wassily Leontief"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":395,"text":"Jan Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1969.\nBorn: 12, Apr, 1903, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 9, Jun, 1994, the Hague, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2812,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969?","answers":["International Labour Organization "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":396,"text":"International Labour Organization \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1969.\nFounded: 1919\nPrize motivation: \"for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2813,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969?","answers":["Salvador E. Luria","Alfred D. Hershey","Max Delbrück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":397,"text":"Salvador E. Luria\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1912, Turin, Italy\nDied: 6, Feb, 1991, Lexington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":398,"text":"Alfred D. Hershey\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Dec, 1908, Owosso MI, USA\nDied: 22, May, 1997, Syosset NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":399,"text":"Max Delbrück\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1969.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1906, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 9, Mar, 1981, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2814,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1970?","answers":["Hannes Alfvén","Louis Néel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":401,"text":"Hannes Alfvén\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden\nDied: 2, Apr, 1995, Djursholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":402,"text":"Louis Néel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1970.\nBorn: 22, Nov, 1904, Lyon, France\nDied: 17, Nov, 2000, Brive-Corrèze, France\nPrize motivation: \"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2815,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1910s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Norman Borlaug","Willy Brandt","Menachem Begin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"},{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2816,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970?","answers":["Norman Borlaug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":403,"text":"Norman Borlaug\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1970.\nBorn: 25, Mar, 1914, Cresco IA, USA\nDied: 12, Sep, 2009, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2817,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970?","answers":["Luis Leloir"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":404,"text":"Luis Leloir\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1906, Paris, France\nDied: 2, Dec, 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2818,"query":"Who was born in the late 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Alexandr Solzhenitsyn","Heinrich Böll","Doris Lessing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2819,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1970?","answers":["Alexandr Solzhenitsyn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":405,"text":"Alexandr Solzhenitsyn\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1970.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1918, Kislovodsk, Russia\nDied: 3, Aug, 2008, Troitse-Lykovo, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2820,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Paul A. Samuelson","Herbert Simon","Sir Arthur Lewis","Richard Stone","William Vickrey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2821,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1970?","answers":["Paul A. Samuelson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":406,"text":"Paul A. Samuelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1970.\nBorn: 15, May, 1915, Gary IN, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2009, Belmont MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2822,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970?","answers":["Julius Axelrod","Ulf von Euler","Sir Bernard Katz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":407,"text":"Julius Axelrod\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 30, May, 1912, New York NY, USA\nDied: 29, Dec, 2004, Rockville MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":408,"text":"Ulf von Euler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1905, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 9, Mar, 1983, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":409,"text":"Sir Bernard Katz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1970.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1911, Leipzig, Germany\nDied: 20, Apr, 2003, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2823,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971?","answers":["Willy Brandt"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":410,"text":"Willy Brandt\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1971.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1913, Lübeck, Germany\nDied: 8, Oct, 1992, Unkel, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2824,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1971?","answers":["Dennis Gabor"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":411,"text":"Dennis Gabor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.\nBorn: 5, Jun, 1900, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Feb, 1979, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of the holographic method\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2825,"query":"Who was born in the early 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Simon Kuznets","Theodore W. Schultz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2826,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1971?","answers":["Simon Kuznets"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":412,"text":"Simon Kuznets\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1971.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1901, Pinsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 8, Jul, 1985, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2827,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971?","answers":["Gerhard Herzberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":413,"text":"Gerhard Herzberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1904, Hamburg, Germany\nDied: 3, Mar, 1999, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2828,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971?","answers":["Earl W. Sutherland Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":414,"text":"Earl W. Sutherland Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1971.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1915, Burlingame KS, USA\nDied: 9, Mar, 1974, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2829,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1971?","answers":["Pablo Neruda"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":415,"text":"Pablo Neruda\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1971.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1904, Parral, Chile\nDied: 23, Sep, 1973, Santiago, Chile\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2830,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1972?","answers":["Heinrich Böll"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":416,"text":"Heinrich Böll\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1972.\nBorn: 21, Dec, 1917, Cologne, Germany\nDied: 16, Jul, 1985, Bornheim-Merten, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2831,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972?","answers":["Gerald M. Edelman","Rodney R. Porter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":417,"text":"Gerald M. Edelman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1929, New York NY, USA\nDied: 17, May, 2014, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":426,"text":"Rodney R. Porter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1972.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1917, Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Sep, 1985, Winchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2832,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1972?","answers":["Leon N. Cooper","John Bardeen","Robert Schrieffer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":418,"text":"Leon N. Cooper\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1930, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":422,"text":"John Bardeen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 23, May, 1908, Madison WI, USA\nDied: 30, Jan, 1991, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":425,"text":"Robert Schrieffer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1972.\nBorn: 31, May, 1931, Oak Park IL, USA\nDied: 27, Jul, 2019, Tallahassee FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2833,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972?","answers":["Stanford Moore","Christian Anfinsen","William H. Stein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":419,"text":"Stanford Moore\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1913, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 1982, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":420,"text":"Christian Anfinsen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1916, Monessen PA, USA\nDied: 14, May, 1995, Randallstown MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":421,"text":"William H. Stein\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1911, New York NY, USA\nDied: 2, Feb, 1980, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2834,"query":"Who was born in the early 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Kenneth J. Arrow","Lawrence R. Klein","Gerard Debreu","Douglass C. North","John C. Harsanyi","Thomas C. Schelling"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2835,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1972?","answers":["Kenneth J. Arrow","John R. Hicks"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":423,"text":"Kenneth J. Arrow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 2017, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":424,"text":"John R. Hicks\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1972.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1904, Warwick, United Kingdom\nDied: 20, May, 1989, Blockley, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2836,"query":"Who was born in the early 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Brian D. Josephson","Joseph H. Taylor Jr.","David J. Gross","Theodor W. Hänsch","Toshihide Maskawa","Kip S. Thorne","Michel Mayor","John F. Clauser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":916,"text":"Kip S. Thorne\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1940, Logan UT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":944,"text":"Michel Mayor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":982,"text":"John F. Clauser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2022.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1942, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and  pioneering quantum information science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: J.F. Clauser & Assoc., Walnut Creek CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2837,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1973?","answers":["Brian D. Josephson","Leo Esaki","Ivar Giaever"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":427,"text":"Brian D. Josephson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":433,"text":"Leo Esaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 12, Mar, 1925, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":434,"text":"Ivar Giaever\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Apr, 1929, Bergen, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: General Electric Company, Schenectady NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2838,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973?","answers":["Ernst Otto Fischer","Geoffrey Wilkinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":428,"text":"Ernst Otto Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1918, Munich, Germany\nDied: 23, Jul, 2007, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technical University, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":429,"text":"Geoffrey Wilkinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1921, Todmorden, United Kingdom\nDied: 26, Sep, 1996, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2839,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973?","answers":["Le Duc Tho ","Henry Kissinger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":430,"text":"Le Duc Tho \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1911, Nam Ha province, Vietnam\nDied: 13, Oct, 1990, Hanoi, Vietnam\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2840,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1973?","answers":["Wassily Leontief"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":431,"text":"Wassily Leontief\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1973.\nBorn: 5, Aug, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia\nDied: 5, Feb, 1999, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2841,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973?","answers":["Konrad Lorenz","Karl von Frisch","Nikolaas Tinbergen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":432,"text":"Konrad Lorenz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1903, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 27, Feb, 1989, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":435,"text":"Karl von Frisch\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1886, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 12, Jun, 1982, Munich, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":438,"text":"Nikolaas Tinbergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1973.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1907, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 21, Dec, 1988, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2842,"query":"Who was born in the early 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Patrick White","Odysseus Elytis","Czeslaw Milosz","William Golding","Naguib Mahfouz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2843,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1973?","answers":["Patrick White"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":436,"text":"Patrick White\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1973.\nBorn: 28, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Sep, 1990, Sydney, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2844,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1920s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Henry Kissinger","Shimon Peres","Kim Dae-jung","Jimmy Carter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":437,"text":"Henry Kissinger\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1973.\nBorn: 27, May, 1923, Fürth, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"},{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2845,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974?","answers":["Paul J. Flory"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":439,"text":"Paul J. Flory\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1910, Sterling IL, USA\nDied: 8, Sep, 1985, Big Sur CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2846,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1974?","answers":["Eyvind Johnson","Harry Martinson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":440,"text":"Eyvind Johnson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1900, Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden\nDied: 25, Aug, 1976, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":442,"text":"Harry Martinson\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1974.\nBorn: 6, May, 1904, Jämshög, Sweden\nDied: 11, Feb, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2847,"query":"Who was born in the late 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek","Bertil Ohlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2848,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1974?","answers":["Gunnar Myrdal","Friedrich von Hayek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":441,"text":"Gunnar Myrdal\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1898, Skattungbyn, Sweden\nDied: 17, May, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":449,"text":"Friedrich von Hayek\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1974.\nBorn: 8, May, 1899, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 23, Mar, 1992, Freiburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2849,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974?","answers":["Christian de Duve","George E. Palade","Albert Claude"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":443,"text":"Christian de Duve\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1917, Thames Ditton, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, May, 2013, Nethen, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":446,"text":"George E. Palade\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1912, Iasi, Romania\nDied: 7, Oct, 2008, Del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":450,"text":"Albert Claude\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1974.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1898, Longlier, Belgium\nDied: 22, May, 1983, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2850,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1974?","answers":["Antony Hewish","Martin Ryle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":444,"text":"Antony Hewish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 11, May, 1924, Fowey, United Kingdom\nDied: 13, Sep, 2021\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":445,"text":"Martin Ryle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1974.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1918, Brighton, United Kingdom\nDied: 14, Oct, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2851,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1974?","answers":["Eisaku Sato","Seán MacBride"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":447,"text":"Eisaku Sato\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1901, Tabuse, Japan\nDied: 3, Jun, 1975, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\"\n"},{"docid":448,"text":"Seán MacBride\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1974.\nBorn: 26, Jan, 1904, Paris, France\nDied: 15, Jan, 1988, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2852,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975?","answers":["John Cornforth","Vladimir Prelog"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":451,"text":"John Cornforth\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 7, Sep, 1917, Sydney, Australia\nDied: 8, Dec, 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":452,"text":"Vladimir Prelog\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975.\nBorn: 23, Jul, 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)\nDied: 7, Jan, 1998, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2853,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Howard M. Temin","Bengt I. Samuelsson","J. Michael Bishop","Ferid Murad","Günter Blobel","Sir Peter Mansfield","Harald zur Hausen","Sir John B. Gurdon","Satoshi Ōmura","Harvey Alter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":453,"text":"Howard M. Temin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1934, Philadelphia PA, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 1994, Madison WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":960,"text":"Harvey Alter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1935, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2854,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975?","answers":["Howard M. Temin","David Baltimore","Renato Dulbecco"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":453,"text":"Howard M. Temin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 10, Dec, 1934, Philadelphia PA, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 1994, Madison WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":460,"text":"David Baltimore\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":461,"text":"Renato Dulbecco\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1914, Catanzaro, Italy\nDied: 19, Feb, 2012, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2855,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1975?","answers":["Aage N. Bohr","Ben R. Mottelson","James Rainwater"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":454,"text":"Aage N. Bohr\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1922, Copenhagen, Denmark\nDied: 8, Sep, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":455,"text":"Ben R. Mottelson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1926, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 13, May, 2022\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":456,"text":"James Rainwater\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1975.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1917, Council ID, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 1986, Yonkers NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2856,"query":"Who was born in the early 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich","Milton Friedman","George J. Stigler","Maurice Allais","Trygve Haavelmo","Ronald H. Coase"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2857,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1975?","answers":["Tjalling C. Koopmans","Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":457,"text":"Tjalling C. Koopmans\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1910, 's Graveland, the Netherlands\nDied: 26, Feb, 1985, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":458,"text":"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1975.\nBorn: 19, Jan, 1912, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 7, Apr, 1986, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2858,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1890s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Eugenio Montale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2859,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1975?","answers":["Eugenio Montale"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":459,"text":"Eugenio Montale\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1975.\nBorn: 12, Oct, 1896, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 12, Sep, 1981, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2860,"query":"Who was born in the late 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["David Baltimore","Susumu Tonegawa","Harold E. Varmus","Leland Hartwell","J. Robin Warren","Mario R. Capecchi","John O'Keefe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":460,"text":"David Baltimore\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1975.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2861,"query":"Who was born in the early 1920s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Andrei Sakharov","Yitzhak Rabin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2862,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975?","answers":["Andrei Sakharov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":462,"text":"Andrei Sakharov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1975.\nBorn: 21, May, 1921, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 14, Dec, 1989, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2863,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1976?","answers":["Milton Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":463,"text":"Milton Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1976.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1912, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 2006, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2864,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976?","answers":["William Lipscomb"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":464,"text":"William Lipscomb\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1919, Cleveland OH, USA\nDied: 14, Apr, 2011, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2865,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1940s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams","Lech Walesa","Aung San Suu Kyi ","David Trimble"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"},{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2866,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1976?","answers":["Mairead Corrigan","Betty Williams"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":465,"text":"Mairead Corrigan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":470,"text":"Betty Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1976.\nBorn: 22, May, 1943, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 17, Mar, 2020, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2867,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1976?","answers":["Burton Richter","Samuel C.C. Ting"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":466,"text":"Burton Richter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 22, Mar, 1931, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 18, Jul, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":467,"text":"Samuel C.C. Ting\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1976.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2868,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976?","answers":["Baruch S. Blumberg","D. Carleton Gajdusek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":468,"text":"Baruch S. Blumberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 28, Jul, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 5, Apr, 2011, Moffett Field CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":469,"text":"D. Carleton Gajdusek\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1976.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1923, Yonkers NY, USA\nDied: 12, Dec, 2008, Tromsø, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2869,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1976?","answers":["Saul Bellow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":471,"text":"Saul Bellow\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1976.\nBorn: 10, Jun, 1915, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2005, Brookline MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2870,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1977?","answers":["Philip W. Anderson","Sir Nevill F. Mott","John H. Van Vleck"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":472,"text":"Philip W. Anderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1923, Indianapolis IN, USA\nDied: 29, Mar, 2020, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":475,"text":"Sir Nevill F. Mott\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1905, Leeds, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Aug, 1996, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":476,"text":"John H. Van Vleck\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1977.\nBorn: 13, Mar, 1899, Middletown CT, USA\nDied: 27, Oct, 1980, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2871,"query":"Who was born in the late 1900s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["James E. Meade"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2872,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1977?","answers":["James E. Meade","Bertil Ohlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":473,"text":"James E. Meade\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1907, Swanage, United Kingdom\nDied: 22, Dec, 1995, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":474,"text":"Bertil Ohlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1977.\nBorn: 23, Apr, 1899, Klippan, Sweden\nDied: 3, Aug, 1979, Vålådalen, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2873,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977?","answers":["Andrew V. Schally","Rosalyn Yalow","Roger Guillemin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":477,"text":"Andrew V. Schally\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1926, Wilno (now Vilnius), Poland (now Lithuania)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans LA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":478,"text":"Rosalyn Yalow\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1921, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, May, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":480,"text":"Roger Guillemin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1977.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1924, Dijon, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Salk Institute, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2874,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977?","answers":["Ilya Prigogine"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":479,"text":"Ilya Prigogine\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 28, May, 2003, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2875,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977?","answers":["Amnesty International "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":481,"text":"Amnesty International \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1977.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for worldwide respect for human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2876,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1977?","answers":["Vicente Aleixandre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":482,"text":"Vicente Aleixandre\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1977.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1898, Sevilla, Spain\nDied: 14, Dec, 1984, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2877,"query":"Who was born in the late 1910s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Anwar al-Sadat","Nelson Mandela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2878,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978?","answers":["Anwar al-Sadat","Menachem Begin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":483,"text":"Anwar al-Sadat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1918, Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt\nDied: 6, Oct, 1981, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"},{"docid":484,"text":"Menachem Begin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1978.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1913, Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus)\nDied: 9, Mar, 1992, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2879,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1978?","answers":["Arno Penzias","Robert Woodrow Wilson","Pyotr Kapitsa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":485,"text":"Arno Penzias\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1933, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":489,"text":"Robert Woodrow Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1936, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":492,"text":"Pyotr Kapitsa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1978.\nBorn: 9, Jul, 1894, Kronshtadt, Russian Empire (now Russia)\nDied: 8, Apr, 1984, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2880,"query":"Who was born in the early 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Hamilton O. Smith","Luc Montagnier","Youyou Tu","William C. Campbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2881,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978?","answers":["Hamilton O. Smith","Daniel Nathans","Werner Arber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":486,"text":"Hamilton O. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1931, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":487,"text":"Daniel Nathans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1928, Wilmington DE, USA\nDied: 16, Nov, 1999, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":488,"text":"Werner Arber\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1978.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1929, Gränichen, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2882,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1978?","answers":["Isaac Bashevis Singer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":490,"text":"Isaac Bashevis Singer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1978.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1904, Leoncin, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 24, Jul, 1991, Surfside FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2883,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1978?","answers":["Herbert Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":491,"text":"Herbert Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1978.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1916, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 9, Feb, 2001, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2884,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978?","answers":["Peter Mitchell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":493,"text":"Peter Mitchell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1920, Mitcham, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 1992, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2885,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979?","answers":["Georg Wittig","Herbert C. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":494,"text":"Georg Wittig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1897, Berlin, Germany\nDied: 26, Aug, 1987, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":498,"text":"Herbert C. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979.\nBorn: 22, May, 1912, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Dec, 2004, Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2886,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1979?","answers":["Theodore W. Schultz","Sir Arthur Lewis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":495,"text":"Theodore W. Schultz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 30, Apr, 1902, Arlington SD, USA\nDied: 26, Feb, 1998, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":496,"text":"Sir Arthur Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1979.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1915, Castries, British West Indies (now Saint Lucia)\nDied: 15, Jun, 1991, Bridgetown, Barbados\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2887,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979?","answers":["Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":497,"text":"Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1979.\nBorn: 26, Aug, 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia)\nDied: 5, Sep, 1997, Calcutta, India\nPrize motivation: \"for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2888,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1979?","answers":["Sheldon Glashow","Steven Weinberg","Abdus Salam"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":499,"text":"Sheldon Glashow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 5, Dec, 1932, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":500,"text":"Steven Weinberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 3, May, 1933, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Austin TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":504,"text":"Abdus Salam\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1979.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1926, Jhang Maghiāna, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Nov, 1996, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2889,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979?","answers":["Godfrey N. Hounsfield","Allan M. Cormack"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":501,"text":"Godfrey N. Hounsfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 28, Aug, 1919, Newark, United Kingdom\nDied: 12, Aug, 2004, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Central Research Laboratories EMI, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":502,"text":"Allan M. Cormack\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1979.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1924, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 7, May, 1998, Winchester MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of computer assisted tomography\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tufts University, Medford MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2890,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1979?","answers":["Odysseus Elytis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":503,"text":"Odysseus Elytis\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1979.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1911, Iráklion, Crete (now Greece)\nDied: 18, Mar, 1996, Athens, Greece\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2891,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980?","answers":["Frederick Sanger","Paul Berg","Walter Gilbert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":505,"text":"Frederick Sanger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2892,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980?","answers":["Jean Dausset","Baruj Benacerraf","George D. Snell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":506,"text":"Jean Dausset\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France\nDied: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":507,"text":"Baruj Benacerraf\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela\nDied: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":515,"text":"George D. Snell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2893,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1980?","answers":["Lawrence R. Klein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":508,"text":"Lawrence R. Klein\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2894,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Paul Berg","Aaron Klug","Rudolph A. Marcus","Walter Kohn","John Pople","Irwin Rose"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":509,"text":"Paul Berg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2895,"query":"Who was born in the 1930s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Desmond Tutu","Lhamo Thondup","Mikhail Gorbachev","F.W. de Klerk","John Hume","Kofi Annan","Martti Ahtisaari","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2896,"query":"Who was born in the early 1930s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Adolfo Pérez Esquivel","Desmond Tutu","Mikhail Gorbachev"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"},{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2897,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1980?","answers":["Adolfo Pérez Esquivel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":510,"text":"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1980.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nPrize motivation: \"for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2898,"query":"Who was born in the early 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Walter Gilbert","Dudley R. Herschbach","Michael Smith","Yves Chauvin","Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Martin Karplus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":511,"text":"Walter Gilbert\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.\nBorn: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2899,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1980?","answers":["Val Fitch","James Cronin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":512,"text":"Val Fitch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":513,"text":"James Cronin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA\nDied: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2900,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1980?","answers":["Czeslaw Milosz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":514,"text":"Czeslaw Milosz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1980.\nBorn: 30, Jun, 1911, Śeteniai, Russian Empire (now Lithuania)\nDied: 14, Aug, 2004, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2901,"query":"Who was born in the late 1910s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["James Tobin","Franco Modigliani","James M. Buchanan Jr.","Leonid Hurwicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2902,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1981?","answers":["James Tobin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":516,"text":"James Tobin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA\nDied: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2903,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1981?","answers":["Elias Canetti"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":517,"text":"Elias Canetti\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria\nDied: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2904,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981?","answers":["David H. Hubel","Roger W. Sperry","Torsten N. Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":518,"text":"David H. Hubel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada\nDied: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":521,"text":"Roger W. Sperry\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":524,"text":"Torsten N. Wiesel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.\nBorn: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2905,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1981?","answers":["Nicolaas Bloembergen","Arthur L. Schawlow","Kai M. Siegbahn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":519,"text":"Nicolaas Bloembergen\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands\nDied: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":525,"text":"Arthur L. Schawlow\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA\nDied: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":526,"text":"Kai M. Siegbahn\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden\nDied: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2906,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1981?","answers":["Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":520,"text":"Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1981.\nFounded: 14, Dec, 1950\nPrize motivation: \"for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2907,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981?","answers":["Kenichi Fukui","Roald Hoffmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":522,"text":"Kenichi Fukui\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan\nDied: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2908,"query":"Who was born in the late 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Roald Hoffmann","Jean-Marie Lehn","Robert Huber","Sidney Altman","Sir Harold Kroto","Ryoji Noyori","Kurt Wüthrich","Avram Hershko","Ada E. Yonath","Tomas Lindahl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":523,"text":"Roald Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)\nPrize motivation: \"for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":894,"text":"Tomas Lindahl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1938, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2909,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1982?","answers":["George J. Stigler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":527,"text":"George J. Stigler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.\nBorn: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA\nDied: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2910,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982?","answers":["Alva Myrdal","Alfonso García Robles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":528,"text":"Alva Myrdal\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"},{"docid":534,"text":"Alfonso García Robles\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1982.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico\nDied: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2911,"query":"Who was born in the 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Gabriel García Márquez","Nadine Gordimer","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo","José Saramago","Günter Grass","Imre Kertész"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2912,"query":"Who was born in the late 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Gabriel García Márquez","Günter Grass","Imre Kertész"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2913,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1982?","answers":["Gabriel García Márquez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":529,"text":"Gabriel García Márquez\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.\nBorn: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia\nDied: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2914,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982?","answers":["John R. Vane","Sune K. Bergström","Bengt I. Samuelsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":530,"text":"John R. Vane\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":532,"text":"Sune K. Bergström\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":535,"text":"Bengt I. Samuelsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.\nBorn: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2915,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982?","answers":["Aaron Klug"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":531,"text":"Aaron Klug\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.\nBorn: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania\nDied: 20, Nov, 2018\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2916,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1982?","answers":["Kenneth G. Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":533,"text":"Kenneth G. Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA\nDied: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2917,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983?","answers":["Lech Walesa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":536,"text":"Lech Walesa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1983.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2918,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983?","answers":["Henry Taube"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":537,"text":"Henry Taube\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.\nBorn: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada\nDied: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2919,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983?","answers":["Barbara McClintock"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":538,"text":"Barbara McClintock\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA\nDied: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2920,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1983?","answers":["Gerard Debreu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":539,"text":"Gerard Debreu\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.\nBorn: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France\nDied: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2921,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1983?","answers":["William Golding"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":540,"text":"William Golding\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom\nDied: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2922,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1983?","answers":["William A. Fowler","Subramanyan Chandrasekhar"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":541,"text":"William A. Fowler\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":542,"text":"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)\nDied: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2923,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984?","answers":["Niels K. Jerne","Georges J.F. Köhler","César Milstein"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":543,"text":"Niels K. Jerne\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":544,"text":"Georges J.F. Köhler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany\nDied: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":545,"text":"César Milstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina\nDied: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2924,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1984?","answers":["Jaroslav Seifert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":546,"text":"Jaroslav Seifert\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nPrize motivation: \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2925,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984?","answers":["Desmond Tutu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":547,"text":"Desmond Tutu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1984.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa\nDied: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2926,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984?","answers":["Bruce Merrifield"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":548,"text":"Bruce Merrifield\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA\nDied: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2927,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1984?","answers":["Simon van der Meer","Carlo Rubbia"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":549,"text":"Simon van der Meer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":550,"text":"Carlo Rubbia\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2928,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1984?","answers":["Richard Stone"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":551,"text":"Richard Stone\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.\nBorn: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2929,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985?","answers":["International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":552,"text":"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1985.\nFounded: 1980\nPrize motivation: \"for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2930,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1985?","answers":["Klaus von Klitzing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":553,"text":"Klaus von Klitzing\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2931,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985?","answers":["Joseph L. Goldstein","Michael S. Brown"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":554,"text":"Joseph L. Goldstein\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":555,"text":"Michael S. Brown\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2932,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985?","answers":["Herbert A. Hauptman","Jerome Karle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":556,"text":"Herbert A. Hauptman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":557,"text":"Jerome Karle\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2933,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1985?","answers":["Claude Simon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":558,"text":"Claude Simon\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar\nDied: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2934,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1985?","answers":["Franco Modigliani"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":559,"text":"Franco Modigliani\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy\nDied: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2935,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986?","answers":["Dudley R. Herschbach","John C. Polanyi","Yuan T. Lee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":560,"text":"Dudley R. Herschbach\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":561,"text":"John C. Polanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2936,"query":"Who was born in the late 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Gerd Binnig","William D. Phillips","Steven Chu","Horst L. Störmer","H. David Politzer","Giorgio Parisi","Alain Aspect"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":688,"text":"Horst L. Störmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1949, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":970,"text":"Giorgio Parisi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1948, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":983,"text":"Alain Aspect\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2022.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1947, Agen, France\nPrize motivation: \"for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and  pioneering quantum information science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut d’Optique Graduate School – Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2937,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1986?","answers":["Gerd Binnig","Heinrich Rohrer","Ernst Ruska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":562,"text":"Gerd Binnig\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":563,"text":"Heinrich Rohrer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland\nDied: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":564,"text":"Ernst Ruska\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.\nBorn: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany\nDied: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2938,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Yuan T. Lee","Richard R. Ernst","Paul J. Crutzen","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger","Gerhard Ertl","Ei-ichi Negishi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":565,"text":"Yuan T. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.\nBorn: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2939,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986?","answers":["Rita Levi-Montalcini","Stanley Cohen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":566,"text":"Rita Levi-Montalcini\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy\nDied: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":567,"text":"Stanley Cohen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.\nBorn: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of growth factors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2940,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986?","answers":["Elie Wiesel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":568,"text":"Elie Wiesel\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1986.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania\nDied: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2941,"query":"Who was born in the 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Wole Soyinka","Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","Kenzaburo Oe","Seamus Heaney","V. S. Naipaul","Harold Pinter","Mario Vargas Llosa","Tomas Tranströmer","Alice Munro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2942,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Wole Soyinka","Kenzaburo Oe","Mario Vargas Llosa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2943,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1986?","answers":["Wole Soyinka"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":569,"text":"Wole Soyinka\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.\nBorn: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria\nPrize motivation: \"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2944,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1986?","answers":["James M. Buchanan Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":570,"text":"James M. Buchanan Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2945,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987?","answers":["Charles J. Pedersen","Jean-Marie Lehn","Donald J. Cram"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":571,"text":"Charles J. Pedersen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":574,"text":"Jean-Marie Lehn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":579,"text":"Donald J. Cram\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA\nDied: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2946,"query":"Who was born in the early 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Joseph Brodsky","Xingjian Gao","J. M. Coetzee","Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio","Bob Dylan","Peter Handke","Annie Ernaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":979,"text":"Annie Ernaux\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2022.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1940, Lillebonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots estrangements and  collective restraints of personal memory\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2947,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1987?","answers":["Joseph Brodsky"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":572,"text":"Joseph Brodsky\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.\nBorn: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2948,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1987?","answers":["K. Alex Müller","J. Georg Bednorz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":573,"text":"K. Alex Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland\nDied: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2949,"query":"Who was born in the early 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["J. Georg Bednorz","Russell A. Hulse","Robert B. Laughlin","Carl Wieman","Frank Wilczek","F. Duncan M. Haldane","Reinhard Genzel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":575,"text":"J. Georg Bednorz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.\nBorn: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":698,"text":"Robert B. Laughlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1950, Visalia CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":728,"text":"Carl Wieman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1951, Corvallis OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":956,"text":"Reinhard Genzel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1952, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2950,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987?","answers":["Susumu Tonegawa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":576,"text":"Susumu Tonegawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.\nBorn: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2951,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Robert M. Solow","Merton H. Miller","Lloyd S. Shapley"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2952,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1987?","answers":["Robert M. Solow"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":577,"text":"Robert M. Solow\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2953,"query":"Who was born in the early 1940s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Oscar Arias Sánchez","Wangari Maathai","Mohamed ElBaradei","Muhammad Yunus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"},{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"},{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2954,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987?","answers":["Oscar Arias Sánchez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":578,"text":"Oscar Arias Sánchez\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1987.\nBorn: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for lasting peace in Central America\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2955,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988?","answers":["United Nations Peacekeeping Forces "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":580,"text":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1988.\nFounded: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2956,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1988?","answers":["Jack Steinberger","Melvin Schwartz","Leon M. Lederman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":581,"text":"Jack Steinberger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany\nDied: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":582,"text":"Melvin Schwartz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA\nDied: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":583,"text":"Leon M. Lederman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2957,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988?","answers":["George H. Hitchings","Sir James W. Black","Gertrude B. Elion"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":584,"text":"George H. Hitchings\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA\nDied: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":589,"text":"Sir James W. Black\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland\nDied: 21, Mar, 2010\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":590,"text":"Gertrude B. Elion\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2958,"query":"Who was born in the late 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Hartmut Michel","Thomas R. Cech","Peter Agre","Aaron Ciechanover","Roger D. Kornberg","Martin Chalfie","Michael Levitt","Akira Yoshino"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2959,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988?","answers":["Hartmut Michel","Robert Huber","Johann Deisenhofer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":585,"text":"Hartmut Michel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":586,"text":"Robert Huber\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":587,"text":"Johann Deisenhofer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2960,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1988?","answers":["Naguib Mahfouz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":588,"text":"Naguib Mahfouz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2961,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1988?","answers":["Maurice Allais"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":591,"text":"Maurice Allais\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.\nBorn: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France\nDied: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2962,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989?","answers":["Thomas R. Cech","Sidney Altman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":592,"text":"Thomas R. Cech\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":593,"text":"Sidney Altman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.\nBorn: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2963,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1989?","answers":["Hans G. Dehmelt","Norman F. Ramsey","Wolfgang Paul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":594,"text":"Hans G. Dehmelt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 9, Sep, 1922, Görlitz, Prussia (now Germany)\nDied: 7, Mar, 2017, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":595,"text":"Norman F. Ramsey\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1915, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 4, Nov, 2011, Wayland MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":597,"text":"Wolfgang Paul\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1989.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1913, Lorenzkirch, Germany\nDied: 7, Dec, 1993, Bonn, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the ion trap technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":2964,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989?","answers":["J. Michael Bishop","Harold E. Varmus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":596,"text":"J. Michael Bishop\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":601,"text":"Harold E. Varmus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2965,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1989?","answers":["Trygve Haavelmo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":598,"text":"Trygve Haavelmo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway\nDied: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2966,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1989?","answers":["Camilo José Cela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":599,"text":"Camilo José Cela\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.\nBorn: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain\nDied: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2967,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1930s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Lhamo Thondup","F.W. de Klerk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"},{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2968,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989?","answers":["Lhamo Thondup"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":600,"text":"Lhamo Thondup\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1989.\nBorn: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)\nPrize motivation: \"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2969,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1990?","answers":["Octavio Paz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":602,"text":"Octavio Paz\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2970,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1990?","answers":["Richard E. Taylor","Henry W. Kendall","Jerome I. Friedman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":603,"text":"Richard E. Taylor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 2, Nov, 1929, Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada\nDied: 22, Feb, 2018, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":604,"text":"Henry W. Kendall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 9, Dec, 1926, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 15, Feb, 1999, Wakulla Springs State Park FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":605,"text":"Jerome I. Friedman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1990.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1930, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2971,"query":"Who was born in the late 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Harry M. Markowitz","Robert W. Fogel","John F. Nash Jr.","Vernon L. Smith"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2972,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1990?","answers":["Harry M. Markowitz","Merton H. Miller","William F. Sharpe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":606,"text":"Harry M. Markowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":607,"text":"Merton H. Miller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2973,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990?","answers":["Joseph E. Murray","E. Donnall Thomas"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":608,"text":"Joseph E. Murray\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA\nDied: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":610,"text":"E. Donnall Thomas\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA\nDied: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2974,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990?","answers":["Mikhail Gorbachev"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":609,"text":"Mikhail Gorbachev\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1990.\nBorn: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2975,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["William F. Sharpe","James A. Mirrlees","Amartya Sen","Daniel Kahneman","Clive W.J. Granger","Edmund S. Phelps","Elinor Ostrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":611,"text":"William F. Sharpe\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2976,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990?","answers":["Elias James Corey"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":612,"text":"Elias James Corey\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2977,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1991?","answers":["Ronald H. Coase"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":613,"text":"Ronald H. Coase\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1991.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1910, Willesden, United Kingdom\nDied: 2, Sep, 2013, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2978,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Nadine Gordimer","Wislawa Szymborska","Dario Fo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2979,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1991?","answers":["Nadine Gordimer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":614,"text":"Nadine Gordimer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa\nDied: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2980,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991?","answers":["Bert Sakmann","Erwin Neher"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":615,"text":"Bert Sakmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":618,"text":"Erwin Neher\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.\nBorn: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2981,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1991?","answers":["Pierre-Gilles de Gennes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":616,"text":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1991.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Paris, France\nDied: 18, May, 2007, Orsay, France\nPrize motivation: \"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2982,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991?","answers":["Aung San Suu Kyi "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":617,"text":"Aung San Suu Kyi \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1991.\nBorn: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)\nPrize motivation: \"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2983,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991?","answers":["Richard R. Ernst"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":619,"text":"Richard R. Ernst\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.\nBorn: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland\nDied: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2984,"query":"Who was born in the early 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Derek Walcott","Toni Morrison","V. S. Naipaul","Harold Pinter","Tomas Tranströmer","Alice Munro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2985,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1992?","answers":["Derek Walcott"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":620,"text":"Derek Walcott\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1992.\nBorn: 23, Jan, 1930, Castries, Saint Lucia\nDied: 17, Mar, 2017, Gros-Islet, Saint Lucia\nPrize motivation: \"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2986,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992?","answers":["Edmond H. Fischer","Edwin G. Krebs"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":621,"text":"Edmond H. Fischer\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1920, Shanghai, China\nDied: 27, Aug, 2021, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":626,"text":"Edwin G. Krebs\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1992.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1918, Lansing IA, USA\nDied: 21, Dec, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2987,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992?","answers":["Rudolph A. Marcus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":622,"text":"Rudolph A. Marcus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992.\nBorn: 21, Jul, 1923, Montreal, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2988,"query":"Who was born in the early 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Gary Becker","Reinhard Selten","Robert Mundell","Robert J. Aumann","Oliver E. Williamson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2989,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1992?","answers":["Gary Becker"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":623,"text":"Gary Becker\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1992.\nBorn: 2, Dec, 1930, Pottsville PA, USA\nDied: 3, May, 2014, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2990,"query":"Who was born in the late 1950s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum","Wolfgang Ketterle","Koichi Tanaka","Andrew Z. Fire","Andre Geim","Saul Perlmutter","Bruce A. Beutler","Takaaki Kajita","Donna Strickland","William Kaelin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":2991,"query":"Who was born in the 1950s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum","Jody Williams","Xiaobo Liu","Kailash Satyarthi","Juan Manuel Santos","Denis Mukwege"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"},{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2992,"query":"Who was born in the late 1950s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2993,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992?","answers":["Rigoberta Menchú Tum"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":624,"text":"Rigoberta Menchú Tum\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1992.\nBorn: 9, Jan, 1959, Aldea Chimel, Guatemala\nPrize motivation: \"for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":2994,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1992?","answers":["Georges Charpak"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":625,"text":"Georges Charpak\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1992.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1924, Dabrovica, Poland\nDied: 29, Sep, 2010, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2995,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1993?","answers":["Russell A. Hulse","Joseph H. Taylor Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":627,"text":"Russell A. Hulse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 28, Nov, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":628,"text":"Joseph H. Taylor Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1993.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2996,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1993?","answers":["Toni Morrison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":629,"text":"Toni Morrison\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1993.\nBorn: 18, Feb, 1931, Lorain OH, USA\nDied: 5, Aug, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":2997,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1993?","answers":["Douglass C. North","Robert W. Fogel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":630,"text":"Douglass C. North\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1920, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 23, Nov, 2015, Benzonia MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":636,"text":"Robert W. Fogel\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1993.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 11, Jun, 2013, Oak Lawn IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2998,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993?","answers":["Michael Smith","Kary B. Mullis"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":631,"text":"Michael Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 26, Apr, 1932, Blackpool, United Kingdom\nDied: 4, Oct, 2000, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":634,"text":"Kary B. Mullis\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1944, Lenoir NC, USA\nDied: 7, Aug, 2019, Newport Beach CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method\"\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":2999,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993?","answers":["Phillip A. Sharp","Richard J. Roberts"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":632,"text":"Phillip A. Sharp\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1944, Falmouth KY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":633,"text":"Richard J. Roberts\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1993.\nBorn: 6, Sep, 1943, Derby, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of split genes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New England Biolabs, Beverly MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3000,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993?","answers":["F.W. de Klerk","Nelson Mandela"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":635,"text":"F.W. de Klerk\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Mar, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa\nDied: 11, Nov, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"},{"docid":637,"text":"Nelson Mandela\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1993.\nBorn: 18, Jul, 1918, Qunu, South Africa\nDied: 5, Dec, 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3001,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994?","answers":["Alfred G. Gilman","Martin Rodbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":638,"text":"Alfred G. Gilman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, New Haven CT, USA\nDied: 23, Dec, 2015, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":639,"text":"Martin Rodbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1994.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1925, Baltimore MD, USA\nDied: 7, Dec, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3002,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994?","answers":["George A. Olah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":640,"text":"George A. Olah\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994.\nBorn: 22, May, 1927, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 8, Mar, 2017, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3003,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1994?","answers":["Bertram N. Brockhouse","Clifford G. Shull"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":641,"text":"Bertram N. Brockhouse\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 15, Jul, 1918, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada\nDied: 13, Oct, 2003, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of neutron spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":642,"text":"Clifford G. Shull\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1994.\nBorn: 23, Sep, 1915, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nDied: 31, Mar, 2001, Medford MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3004,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1994?","answers":["Kenzaburo Oe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":643,"text":"Kenzaburo Oe\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1994.\nBorn: 31, Jan, 1935, Uchiko, Japan\nDied: 3, Mar, 2023, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3005,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994?","answers":["Yasser Arafat","Yitzhak Rabin","Shimon Peres"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":644,"text":"Yasser Arafat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 24, Aug, 1929, Cairo, Egypt\nDied: 11, Nov, 2004, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":645,"text":"Yitzhak Rabin\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1922, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nDied: 4, Nov, 1995, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"},{"docid":646,"text":"Shimon Peres\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1994.\nBorn: 16, Aug, 1923, Vishneva, Poland (now Belarus)\nDied: 28, Sep, 2016, Tel Aviv, Israel\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3006,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1994?","answers":["John C. Harsanyi","John F. Nash Jr.","Reinhard Selten"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":647,"text":"John C. Harsanyi\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 29, May, 1920, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 9, Aug, 2000, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":648,"text":"John F. Nash Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1928, Bluefield WV, USA\nDied: 23, May, 2015, New Jersey NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":649,"text":"Reinhard Selten\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1994.\nBorn: 5, Oct, 1930, Breslau (now Wroclaw), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 23, Aug, 2016, Poznan, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3007,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1995?","answers":["Frederick Reines","Martin L. Perl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":650,"text":"Frederick Reines\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1918, Paterson NJ, USA\nDied: 26, Aug, 1998, Orange CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the detection of the neutrino\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":660,"text":"Martin L. Perl\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1995.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1927, New York NY, USA\nDied: 30, Sep, 2014, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the tau lepton\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3008,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995?","answers":["Edward B. Lewis","Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","Eric F. Wieschaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":651,"text":"Edward B. Lewis\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, May, 1918, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nDied: 21, Jul, 2004, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":657,"text":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1942, Magdeburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3009,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995?","answers":["Paul J. Crutzen","Mario J. Molina","F. Sherwood Rowland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":652,"text":"Paul J. Crutzen\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1933, Amsterdam, the Netherlands\nDied: 28, Jan, 2021, Mainz, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":653,"text":"Mario J. Molina\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 19, Mar, 1943, Mexico City, Mexico\nDied: 7, Oct, 2020, Mexico City, Mexico\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":656,"text":"F. Sherwood Rowland\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1927, Delaware OH, USA\nDied: 10, Mar, 2012, Corona del Mar CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3010,"query":"Who was born in the late 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Robert E. Lucas Jr.","Daniel L. McFadden","Dale T. Mortensen","Eugene F. Fama","Robert Wilson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3011,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1995?","answers":["Robert E. Lucas Jr."],"positive_passages":[{"docid":654,"text":"Robert E. Lucas Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1995.\nBorn: 15, Sep, 1937, Yakima WA, USA\nDied: 15, May, 2023\nPrize motivation: \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3012,"query":"Who was born in the late 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Seamus Heaney"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3013,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1995?","answers":["Seamus Heaney"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":655,"text":"Seamus Heaney\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1995.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1939, Casteldàwson, Northern Ireland\nDied: 30, Aug, 2013, Dublin, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3014,"query":"Who was born in the late 1900s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Joseph Rotblat"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3015,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995?","answers":["Joseph Rotblat","Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":658,"text":"Joseph Rotblat\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1908, Warsaw, Russian Empire (now Poland)\nDied: 31, Aug, 2005, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"},{"docid":659,"text":"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1995.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3016,"query":"Who was born in the late 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Eric F. Wieschaus","Sir Paul Nurse","H. Robert Horvitz","Linda B. Buck","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Elizabeth H. Blackburn","Randy W. Schekman","Michael W. Young","James P. Allison","Michael Houghton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":661,"text":"Eric F. Wieschaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1947, South Bend IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":959,"text":"Michael Houghton\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 1949, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3017,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1996?","answers":["David M. Lee","Robert C. Richardson","Douglas D. Osheroff"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":662,"text":"David M. Lee\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 20, Jan, 1931, Rye NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":664,"text":"Douglas D. Osheroff\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 1, Aug, 1945, Aberdeen WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3018,"query":"Who was born in the late 1930s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Robert C. Richardson","Daniel C. Tsui","Anthony J. Leggett","Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":663,"text":"Robert C. Richardson\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1996.\nBorn: 26, Jun, 1937, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 19, Feb, 2013, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":690,"text":"Daniel C. Tsui\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1939, Henan, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":752,"text":"Anthony J. Leggett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1938, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3019,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996?","answers":["Peter C. Doherty","Rolf M. Zinkernagel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":665,"text":"Peter C. Doherty\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1940, Brisbane, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":666,"text":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jan, 1944, Basel, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3020,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996?","answers":["Richard E. Smalley","Robert F. Curl Jr.","Sir Harold Kroto"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":667,"text":"Richard E. Smalley\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 6, Jun, 1943, Akron OH, USA\nDied: 28, Oct, 2005, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":671,"text":"Robert F. Curl Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1933, Alice TX, USA\nDied: 3, Jul, 2022, Houston TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rice University, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":673,"text":"Sir Harold Kroto\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996.\nBorn: 7, Oct, 1939, Wisbech Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nDied: 30, Apr, 2016, Lewes East Sussex, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of fullerenes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3021,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1996?","answers":["Wislawa Szymborska"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":668,"text":"Wislawa Szymborska\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1996.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1923, Bnin (now Kórnik), Poland\nDied: 1, Feb, 2012, Kraków, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3022,"query":"Who was born in the late 1940s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta","Shirin Ebadi","Al Gore"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"},{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3023,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1996?","answers":["Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo","José Ramos-Horta"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":669,"text":"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 3, Feb, 1948, Wailacama, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"},{"docid":670,"text":"José Ramos-Horta\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1996.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1949, Dili, East Timor\nPrize motivation: \"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3024,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1996?","answers":["William Vickrey","James A. Mirrlees"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":672,"text":"William Vickrey\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1914, Victoria BC, Canada\nDied: 11, Oct, 1996, Harrison NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":674,"text":"James A. Mirrlees\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1996.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1936, Minnigaff, Scotland\nDied: 29, Aug, 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3025,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1997?","answers":["Dario Fo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":675,"text":"Dario Fo\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1997.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1926, Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy\nDied: 13, Oct, 2016, Milan, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3026,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997?","answers":["John E. Walker","Jens C. Skou","Paul D. Boyer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":676,"text":"John E. Walker\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 7, Jan, 1941, Halifax, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":677,"text":"Jens C. Skou\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 8, Oct, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark\nDied: 28, May, 2018, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":686,"text":"Paul D. Boyer\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1918, Provo UT, USA\nDied: 2, Jun, 2018, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3027,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Robert C. Merton","James J. Heckman","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence","Finn E. Kydland","Thomas J. Sargent","Robert J. Shiller","Angus Deaton","Richard H. Thaler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3028,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1997?","answers":["Robert C. Merton","Myron Scholes"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":678,"text":"Robert C. Merton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 31, Jul, 1944, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3029,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997?","answers":["Stanley B. Prusiner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":679,"text":"Stanley B. Prusiner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1997.\nBorn: 28, May, 1942, Des Moines IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3030,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1997?","answers":["William D. Phillips","Claude Cohen-Tannoudji","Steven Chu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":680,"text":"William D. Phillips\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 5, Nov, 1948, Wilkes-Barre PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":682,"text":"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1933, Constantine, French Algeria (now Algeria)\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":683,"text":"Steven Chu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1997.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1948, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3031,"query":"Who was born in the early 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Myron Scholes","George A. Akerlof","Robert F. Engle III","Edward C. Prescott","Peter A. Diamond","Christopher A. Sims","William D. Nordhaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":681,"text":"Myron Scholes\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1997.\nBorn: 1, Jul, 1941, Timmins ON, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3032,"query":"Who was born in the early 1950s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Jody Williams","Juan Manuel Santos"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3033,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997?","answers":["Jody Williams","International Campaign to Ban Landmines "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":684,"text":"Jody Williams\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1950, Putney VT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"},{"docid":685,"text":"International Campaign to Ban Landmines \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1997.\nFounded: 1992\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3034,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1998?","answers":["Amartya Sen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":687,"text":"Amartya Sen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1998.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1933, Santiniketan, India\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to welfare economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3035,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1998?","answers":["Horst L. Störmer","Daniel C. Tsui","Robert B. Laughlin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":688,"text":"Horst L. Störmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 6, Apr, 1949, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":690,"text":"Daniel C. Tsui\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1939, Henan, China\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":698,"text":"Robert B. Laughlin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1998.\nBorn: 1, Nov, 1950, Visalia CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3036,"query":"Who was born in the early 1920s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["José Saramago"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3037,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1998?","answers":["José Saramago"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":689,"text":"José Saramago\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998.\nBorn: 16, Nov, 1922, Azinhaga, Portugal\nDied: 18, Jun, 2010, Lanzarote, Spain\nPrize motivation: \"who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3038,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998?","answers":["Walter Kohn","John Pople"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":691,"text":"Walter Kohn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1923, Vienna, Austria\nDied: 19, Apr, 2016, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of the density-functional theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":695,"text":"John Pople\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998.\nBorn: 31, Oct, 1925, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom\nDied: 15, Mar, 2004, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3039,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998?","answers":["Robert F. Furchgott","Louis J. Ignarro","Ferid Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":692,"text":"Robert F. Furchgott\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 4, Jun, 1916, Charleston SC, USA\nDied: 19, May, 2009, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":693,"text":"Louis J. Ignarro\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Brooklyn NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":694,"text":"Ferid Murad\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1998.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1936, Whiting IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3040,"query":"Who was born in the late 1930s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["John Hume","Kofi Annan","Martti Ahtisaari","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3041,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998?","answers":["John Hume","David Trimble"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":696,"text":"John Hume\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1937, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nDied: 3, Aug, 2020, Londonderry, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"},{"docid":697,"text":"David Trimble\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1998.\nBorn: 15, Oct, 1944, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nDied: 25, Jul, 2022, Belfast, Northern Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3042,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1999?","answers":["Günter Grass"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":699,"text":"Günter Grass\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1999.\nBorn: 16, Oct, 1927, Danzig (now Gdansk), Free City of Danzig (now Poland)\nDied: 13, Apr, 2015, Lübeck, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3043,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999?","answers":["Ahmed Zewail"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":700,"text":"Ahmed Zewail\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999.\nBorn: 26, Feb, 1946, Damanhur, Egypt\nDied: 2, Aug, 2016, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3044,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999?","answers":["Doctors Without Borders "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":701,"text":"Doctors Without Borders \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 1999.\nFounded: 1971\nPrize motivation: \"in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3045,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1999?","answers":["Martinus J.G. Veltman","Gerardus 't Hooft"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":702,"text":"Martinus J.G. Veltman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 27, Jun, 1931, Waalwijk, the Netherlands\nDied: 4, Jan, 2021, Bilthoven, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":703,"text":"Gerardus 't Hooft\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1999.\nBorn: 5, Jul, 1946, Den Helder, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3046,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1999?","answers":["Robert Mundell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":704,"text":"Robert Mundell\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 1999.\nBorn: 24, Oct, 1932, Kingston ON, Canada\nDied: 4, Apr, 2021, Siena, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3047,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999?","answers":["Günter Blobel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":705,"text":"Günter Blobel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 1999.\nBorn: 21, May, 1936, Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice), Germany (now Poland)\nDied: 18, Feb, 2018, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3048,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000?","answers":["Alan MacDiarmid","Hideki Shirakawa","Alan Heeger"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":706,"text":"Alan MacDiarmid\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1927, Masterton, New Zealand\nDied: 7, Feb, 2007, Drexel Hill PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":710,"text":"Hideki Shirakawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 20, Aug, 1936, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":711,"text":"Alan Heeger\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000.\nBorn: 22, Jan, 1936, Sioux City IA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3049,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2000?","answers":["Xingjian Gao"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":707,"text":"Xingjian Gao\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2000.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1940, Ganzhou, China\nPrize motivation: \"for an œuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3050,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2000?","answers":["Daniel L. McFadden","James J. Heckman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":708,"text":"Daniel L. McFadden\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 29, Jul, 1937, Raleigh NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":709,"text":"James J. Heckman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2000.\nBorn: 19, Apr, 1944, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3051,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000?","answers":["Paul Greengard","Eric Kandel","Arvid Carlsson"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":712,"text":"Paul Greengard\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 13, Apr, 2019, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":716,"text":"Eric Kandel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 7, Nov, 1929, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":717,"text":"Arvid Carlsson\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2000.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1923, Uppsala, Sweden\nDied: 29, Jun, 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3052,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2000?","answers":["Herbert Kroemer","Zhores Alferov","Jack Kilby"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":713,"text":"Herbert Kroemer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1928, Weimar, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":714,"text":"Zhores Alferov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vitebsk Belorussia, USSR (now Belarus)\nDied: 1, Mar, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":718,"text":"Jack Kilby\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2000.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1923, Jefferson City MO, USA\nDied: 20, Jun, 2005, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Texas Instruments, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3053,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000?","answers":["Kim Dae-jung"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":715,"text":"Kim Dae-jung\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2000.\nBorn: 3, Dec, 1925, Mokpo, Korea (now South Korea)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3054,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2001?","answers":["George A. Akerlof","Joseph E. Stiglitz","A. Michael Spence"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":719,"text":"George A. Akerlof\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1940, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":723,"text":"Joseph E. Stiglitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1943, Gary IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":724,"text":"A. Michael Spence\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2001.\nBorn: 1943, Montclair NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3055,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001?","answers":["Kofi Annan","United Nations "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":720,"text":"Kofi Annan\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nBorn: 8, Apr, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast (now Ghana)\nDied: 18, Aug, 2018, Bern, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"},{"docid":721,"text":"United Nations \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2001.\nFounded: 1945\nPrize motivation: \"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3056,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2001?","answers":["V. S. Naipaul"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":722,"text":"V. S. Naipaul\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2001.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1932, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago\nDied: 11, Aug, 2018, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3057,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001?","answers":["Barry Sharpless","Ryoji Noyori","William Knowles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":725,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":726,"text":"Ryoji Noyori\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1938, Kobe, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":727,"text":"William Knowles\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1917, Taunton MA, USA\nDied: 13, Jun, 2012, Chesterfield MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions\"\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3058,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2001?","answers":["Carl Wieman","Wolfgang Ketterle","Eric Cornell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":728,"text":"Carl Wieman\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1951, Corvallis OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3059,"query":"Who was born in the late 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Wolfgang Ketterle","Andre Geim","Saul Perlmutter","Takaaki Kajita","Donna Strickland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":729,"text":"Wolfgang Ketterle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1957, Heidelberg, West Germany (now Germany)\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3060,"query":"Who was born in the 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Eric Cornell","Brian P. Schmidt","Adam G. Riess","Hiroshi Amano","Didier Queloz","Andrea Ghez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3061,"query":"Who was born in the early 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Eric Cornell","Hiroshi Amano"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":730,"text":"Eric Cornell\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001.\nBorn: 19, Dec, 1961, Palo Alto CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3062,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001?","answers":["Sir Paul Nurse","Tim Hunt","Leland Hartwell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":731,"text":"Sir Paul Nurse\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 25, Jan, 1949, Norwich, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":732,"text":"Tim Hunt\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1943, Neston, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":733,"text":"Leland Hartwell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2001.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1939, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3063,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002?","answers":["Jimmy Carter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":734,"text":"Jimmy Carter\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2002.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1924, Plains GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3064,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2002?","answers":["Imre Kertész"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":735,"text":"Imre Kertész\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2002.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1929, Budapest, Hungary\nDied: 31, Mar, 2016, Budapest, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3065,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2002?","answers":["Daniel Kahneman","Vernon L. Smith"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":736,"text":"Daniel Kahneman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 5, Mar, 1934, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":740,"text":"Vernon L. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2002.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1927, Wichita KS, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3066,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002?","answers":["Kurt Wüthrich","Koichi Tanaka","John B. Fenn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":737,"text":"Kurt Wüthrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1938, Aarberg, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":739,"text":"John B. Fenn\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1917, New York NY, USA\nDied: 10, Dec, 2010, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3067,"query":"Who was born in the 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Koichi Tanaka","Roderick MacKinnon","Roger Y. Tsien","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Brian Kobilka","William E. Moerner","Bernard L. Feringa","Sir Gregory P. Winter","Frances H. Arnold","Morten Meldal"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":980,"text":"Morten Meldal\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 1954, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3068,"query":"Who was born in the late 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Koichi Tanaka"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":738,"text":"Koichi Tanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002.\nBorn: 3, Aug, 1959, Toyama City, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3069,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2002?","answers":["Masatoshi Koshiba","Raymond Davis Jr.","Riccardo Giacconi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":741,"text":"Masatoshi Koshiba\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 19, Sep, 1926, Toyohashi, Japan\nDied: 12, Nov, 2020, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":742,"text":"Raymond Davis Jr.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 14, Oct, 1914, Washington D.C., USA\nDied: 31, May, 2006, Blue Point NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":746,"text":"Riccardo Giacconi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2002.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1931, Genoa, Italy\nDied: 16, Dec, 2018, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Associated Universities Inc., Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3070,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002?","answers":["John E. Sulston","H. Robert Horvitz","Sydney Brenner"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":743,"text":"John E. Sulston\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 27, Mar, 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Mar, 2018, Stapleford Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":744,"text":"H. Robert Horvitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 8, May, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":745,"text":"Sydney Brenner\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2002.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1927, Germiston, South Africa\nDied: 5, Apr, 2019, Singapore\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3071,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2003?","answers":["Shirin Ebadi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":747,"text":"Shirin Ebadi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2003.\nBorn: 21, Jun, 1947, Hamadan, Iran\nPrize motivation: \"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3072,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2003?","answers":["Clive W.J. Granger","Robert F. Engle III"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":748,"text":"Clive W.J. Granger\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1934, Swansea, United Kingdom\nDied: 27, May, 2009, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":749,"text":"Robert F. Engle III\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2003.\nBorn: 10, Nov, 1942, Syracuse NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3073,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Roderick MacKinnon","Brian Kobilka","William E. Moerner","Frances H. Arnold","Morten Meldal"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":980,"text":"Morten Meldal\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 1954, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3074,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003?","answers":["Roderick MacKinnon","Peter Agre"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":750,"text":"Roderick MacKinnon\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1956, Burlington MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":751,"text":"Peter Agre\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1949, Northfield MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of water channels\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3075,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2003?","answers":["Anthony J. Leggett","Vitaly L. Ginzburg","Alexei Abrikosov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":752,"text":"Anthony J. Leggett\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 26, Mar, 1938, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":753,"text":"Vitaly L. Ginzburg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 4, Oct, 1916, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 8, Nov, 2009\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":757,"text":"Alexei Abrikosov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.\nBorn: 25, Jun, 1928, Moscow, USSR (now Russia)\nDied: 29, Mar, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3076,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003?","answers":["Sir Peter Mansfield","Paul C. Lauterbur"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":754,"text":"Sir Peter Mansfield\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1933, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 8, Feb, 2017\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":755,"text":"Paul C. Lauterbur\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2003.\nBorn: 6, May, 1929, Sidney OH, USA\nDied: 27, Mar, 2007, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3077,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2003?","answers":["J. M. Coetzee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":756,"text":"J. M. Coetzee\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2003.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1940, Cape Town, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3078,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2004?","answers":["Edward C. Prescott","Finn E. Kydland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":758,"text":"Edward C. Prescott\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 26, Dec, 1940, Glens Falls NY, USA\nDied: 6, Nov, 2022, Paradise Valley AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":760,"text":"Finn E. Kydland\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2004.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1943, Gjesdal, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3079,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004?","answers":["Irwin Rose","Avram Hershko","Aaron Ciechanover"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":759,"text":"Irwin Rose\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 16, Jul, 1926, Brooklyn NY, USA\nDied: 3, Jun, 2015, Deerfield MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Irvine CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":763,"text":"Avram Hershko\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 31, Dec, 1937, Karcag, Hungary\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":769,"text":"Aaron Ciechanover\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004.\nBorn: 1, Oct, 1947, Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3080,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004?","answers":["Wangari Maathai"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":761,"text":"Wangari Maathai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2004.\nBorn: 1, Apr, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\nDied: 25, Sep, 2011, Nairobi, Kenya\nPrize motivation: \"for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3081,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Elfriede Jelinek","Patrick Modiano","Louise Glück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3082,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2004?","answers":["Elfriede Jelinek"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":762,"text":"Elfriede Jelinek\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2004.\nBorn: 20, Oct, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3083,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2004?","answers":["David J. Gross","Frank Wilczek","H. David Politzer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":764,"text":"David J. Gross\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1941, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":765,"text":"Frank Wilczek\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 15, May, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":766,"text":"H. David Politzer\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2004.\nBorn: 31, Aug, 1949, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3084,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004?","answers":["Linda B. Buck","Richard Axel"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":767,"text":"Linda B. Buck\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1947, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":768,"text":"Richard Axel\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2004.\nBorn: 2, Jul, 1946, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3085,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2005?","answers":["Harold Pinter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":770,"text":"Harold Pinter\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, London, United Kingdom\nDied: 24, Dec, 2008, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3086,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2005?","answers":["Thomas C. Schelling","Robert J. Aumann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":771,"text":"Thomas C. Schelling\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1921, Oakland CA, USA\nDied: 13, Dec, 2016, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":776,"text":"Robert J. Aumann\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2005.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1930, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3087,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005?","answers":["Mohamed ElBaradei","International Atomic Energy Agency "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":772,"text":"Mohamed ElBaradei\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nBorn: 17, Jun, 1942, Cairo, Egypt\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"},{"docid":773,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2005.\nFounded: 1957\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3088,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005?","answers":["Richard R. Schrock","Robert H. Grubbs","Yves Chauvin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":774,"text":"Richard R. Schrock\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1945, Berne IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":775,"text":"Robert H. Grubbs\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 27, Feb, 1942, Possum Trot KY, USA\nDied: 19, Dec, 2021, Duarte CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":782,"text":"Yves Chauvin\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1930, Menin, Belgium\nDied: 27, Jan, 2015, Tours, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3089,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2005?","answers":["Theodor W. Hänsch","John L. Hall","Roy J. Glauber"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":777,"text":"Theodor W. Hänsch\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 30, Oct, 1941, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":778,"text":"John L. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1934, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado JILA, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":779,"text":"Roy J. Glauber\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2005.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1925, New York NY, USA\nDied: 26, Dec, 2018, Newton MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3090,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005?","answers":["J. Robin Warren","Barry J. Marshall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":780,"text":"J. Robin Warren\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 11, Jun, 1937, Adelaide, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3091,"query":"Who was born in the early 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Barry J. Marshall","Jack W. Szostak","James E. Rothman","Charles Rice"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":781,"text":"Barry J. Marshall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005.\nBorn: 30, Sep, 1951, Kalgoorlie, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":958,"text":"Charles Rice\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1952, Sacramento CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3092,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006?","answers":["Grameen Bank ","Muhammad Yunus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":783,"text":"Grameen Bank \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nFounded: 1976\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"},{"docid":784,"text":"Muhammad Yunus\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2006.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1940, Chittagong, British India (now Bangladesh)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3093,"query":"Who was born in the 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Orhan Pamuk","Herta Müller","Mo Yan","Kazuo Ishiguro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3094,"query":"Who was born in the early 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Orhan Pamuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3095,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2006?","answers":["Orhan Pamuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":785,"text":"Orhan Pamuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2006.\nBorn: 7, Jun, 1952, Istanbul, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3096,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2006?","answers":["Edmund S. Phelps"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":786,"text":"Edmund S. Phelps\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2006.\nBorn: 26, Jul, 1933, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3097,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006?","answers":["Roger D. Kornberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":787,"text":"Roger D. Kornberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006.\nBorn: 24, Apr, 1947, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3098,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2006?","answers":["George F. Smoot","John C. Mather"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":788,"text":"George F. Smoot\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1945, Yukon FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":791,"text":"John C. Mather\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1946, Roanoke VA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3099,"query":"Who was born in the 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Craig C. Mello","Carol W. Greider","Shinya Yamanaka","Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","Ardem Patapoutian"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":972,"text":"Ardem Patapoutian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 1967, Beirut, Lebanon\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3100,"query":"Who was born in the early 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Craig C. Mello","Carol W. Greider","Shinya Yamanaka","Edvard I. Moser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3101,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006?","answers":["Craig C. Mello","Andrew Z. Fire"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":789,"text":"Craig C. Mello\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 18, Oct, 1960, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3102,"query":"Who was born in the late 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Andrew Z. Fire","Bruce A. Beutler","William Kaelin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":790,"text":"Andrew Z. Fire\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2006.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1959, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3103,"query":"Who was born in the early 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Alvin E. Roth","Lars Peter Hansen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3104,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2007?","answers":["Roger B. Myerson","Eric S. Maskin","Leonid Hurwicz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":792,"text":"Roger B. Myerson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1951, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":793,"text":"Eric S. Maskin\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 12, Dec, 1950, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":794,"text":"Leonid Hurwicz\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2007.\nBorn: 21, Aug, 1917, Moscow, Russia\nDied: 24, Jun, 2008, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3105,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007?","answers":["Al Gore","Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":795,"text":"Al Gore\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nBorn: 31, Mar, 1948, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"},{"docid":796,"text":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2007.\nFounded: 1988\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3106,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007?","answers":["Gerhard Ertl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":797,"text":"Gerhard Ertl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1936, Bad Cannstatt, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3107,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2007?","answers":["Doris Lessing"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":798,"text":"Doris Lessing\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2007.\nBorn: 22, Oct, 1919, Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)\nDied: 17, Nov, 2013, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3108,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2007?","answers":["Albert Fert","Peter Grünberg"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":799,"text":"Albert Fert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1938, Carcassonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud, Orsay, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":803,"text":"Peter Grünberg\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2007.\nBorn: 18, May, 1939, Plzen, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)\nDied: 9, Apr, 2018, Jülich, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich, Jülich, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3109,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007?","answers":["Oliver Smithies","Sir Martin J. Evans","Mario R. Capecchi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":800,"text":"Oliver Smithies\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1925, Halifax, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Jan, 2017, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":801,"text":"Sir Martin J. Evans\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 1, Jan, 1941, Stroud, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":802,"text":"Mario R. Capecchi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2007.\nBorn: 6, Oct, 1937, Verona, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3110,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008?","answers":["Martti Ahtisaari"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":804,"text":"Martti Ahtisaari\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2008.\nBorn: 23, Jun, 1937, Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3111,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2008?","answers":["Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":805,"text":"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2008.\nBorn: 13, Apr, 1940, Nice, France\nPrize motivation: \"author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3112,"query":"Who was born in the early 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Roger Y. Tsien","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan","Bernard L. Feringa","Sir Gregory P. Winter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3113,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008?","answers":["Roger Y. Tsien","Martin Chalfie","Osamu Shimomura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":806,"text":"Roger Y. Tsien\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1952, New York NY, USA\nDied: 24, Aug, 2016, Eugene OR, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":807,"text":"Martin Chalfie\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 15, Jan, 1947, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":808,"text":"Osamu Shimomura\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008.\nBorn: 27, Aug, 1928, Kyoto, Japan\nDied: 19, Oct, 2018, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3114,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2008?","answers":["Toshihide Maskawa","Yoichiro Nambu","Makoto Kobayashi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":809,"text":"Toshihide Maskawa\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1940, Nagoya, Japan\nDied: 23, Jul, 2021, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":811,"text":"Yoichiro Nambu\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 18, Jan, 1921, Tokyo, Japan\nDied: 5, Jul, 2015, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":815,"text":"Makoto Kobayashi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2008.\nBorn: 7, Apr, 1944, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3115,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Paul Krugman","Jean Tirole","Paul M. Romer","David Card","Ben Bernanke","Douglas Diamond","Philip Dybvig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":964,"text":"David Card\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 1956, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirical contributions to labour economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":975,"text":"Ben Bernanke\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2022.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1953, Augusta GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for research on banks and financial crises\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":986,"text":"Douglas Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2022.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1953, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for research on banks and financial crises\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":988,"text":"Philip Dybvig\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2022.\nBorn: 22, May, 1955, Gainesville FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for research on banks and financial crises\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3116,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2008?","answers":["Paul Krugman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":810,"text":"Paul Krugman\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2008.\nBorn: 28, Feb, 1953, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3117,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008?","answers":["Luc Montagnier","Françoise Barré-Sinoussi","Harald zur Hausen"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":812,"text":"Luc Montagnier\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 18, Aug, 1932, Chabris, France\nDied: 8, Feb, 2022, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":813,"text":"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1947, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":814,"text":"Harald zur Hausen\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008.\nBorn: 11, Mar, 1936, Gelsenkirchen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3118,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2009?","answers":["Oliver E. Williamson","Elinor Ostrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":816,"text":"Oliver E. Williamson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1932, Superior WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":817,"text":"Elinor Ostrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2009.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1933, Los Angeles CA, USA\nDied: 12, Jun, 2012, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3119,"query":"Who was born in the 1960s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Barack Obama","Dmitry Muratov","Maria Ressa","Ales Bialiatski"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":965,"text":"Dmitry Muratov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 1961, Kubyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":978,"text":"Ales Bialiatski\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2022.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1962, Vyartsilya Karelia, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3120,"query":"Who was born in the early 1960s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Barack Obama","Dmitry Muratov","Ales Bialiatski"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"},{"docid":965,"text":"Dmitry Muratov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 1961, Kubyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":978,"text":"Ales Bialiatski\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2022.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1962, Vyartsilya Karelia, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3121,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009?","answers":["Barack Obama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":818,"text":"Barack Obama\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2009.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1961, Honolulu HI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3122,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Herta Müller","Mo Yan","Kazuo Ishiguro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3123,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2009?","answers":["Herta Müller"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":819,"text":"Herta Müller\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2009.\nBorn: 17, Aug, 1953, Nitzkydorf Banat, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3124,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009?","answers":["Ada E. Yonath","Thomas A. Steitz","Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":820,"text":"Ada E. Yonath\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1939, Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":821,"text":"Thomas A. Steitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1940, Milwaukee WI, USA\nDied: 23, Aug, 2018, Branford CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":822,"text":"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009.\nBorn: 1952, Chidambaram Tamil Nadu, India\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3125,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2009?","answers":["George E. Smith","Charles K. Kao","Willard S. Boyle"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":823,"text":"George E. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 10, May, 1930, White Plains NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":824,"text":"Charles K. Kao\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1933, Shanghai, China\nDied: 23, Sep, 2018, Hong Kong\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":828,"text":"Willard S. Boyle\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009.\nBorn: 19, Aug, 1924, Amherst NS, Canada\nDied: 7, May, 2011, Truro NS, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3126,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009?","answers":["Jack W. Szostak","Carol W. Greider","Elizabeth H. Blackburn"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":825,"text":"Jack W. Szostak\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 9, Nov, 1952, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":826,"text":"Carol W. Greider\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1961, San Diego CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":827,"text":"Elizabeth H. Blackburn\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2009.\nBorn: 26, Nov, 1948, Hobart Tasmania, Australia\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3127,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2010?","answers":["Dale T. Mortensen","Christopher A. Pissarides","Peter A. Diamond"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":829,"text":"Dale T. Mortensen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1939, Enterprise OR, USA\nDied: 9, Jan, 2014, Wilmette IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":834,"text":"Peter A. Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 29, Apr, 1940, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3128,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2010?","answers":["Mario Vargas Llosa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":830,"text":"Mario Vargas Llosa\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2010.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1936, Arequipa, Peru\nPrize motivation: \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3129,"query":"Who was born in the late 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Christopher A. Pissarides","Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart","Paul Milgrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":831,"text":"Christopher A. Pissarides\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2010.\nBorn: 20, Feb, 1948, Nicosia, Cyprus\nPrize motivation: \"for their analysis of markets with search frictions\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3130,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1950s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Xiaobo Liu","Kailash Satyarthi","Denis Mukwege"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3131,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010?","answers":["Xiaobo Liu"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":832,"text":"Xiaobo Liu\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2010.\nBorn: 28, Dec, 1955, Changchun, China\nDied: 13, Jul, 2017, Shenyang, China\nPrize motivation: \"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3132,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010?","answers":["Akira Suzuki","Richard F. Heck","Ei-ichi Negishi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":833,"text":"Akira Suzuki\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1930, Mukawa, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":835,"text":"Richard F. Heck\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1931, Springfield MA, USA\nDied: 9, Oct, 2015, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":839,"text":"Ei-ichi Negishi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010.\nBorn: 14, Jul, 1935, Changchun, China\nDied: 6, Jun, 2021, Indianapolis IN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3133,"query":"Who was born in the 1970s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov","Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Esther Duflo","Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3134,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1970s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov","Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3135,"query":"Who was born in the 1970s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3136,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1970s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3137,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2010?","answers":["Konstantin Novoselov","Andre Geim"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":836,"text":"Konstantin Novoselov\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 23, Aug, 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":837,"text":"Andre Geim\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2010.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1958, Sochi, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3138,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010?","answers":["Robert G. Edwards"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":838,"text":"Robert G. Edwards\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010.\nBorn: 27, Sep, 1925, Batley, United Kingdom\nDied: 10, Apr, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of in vitro fertilization\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3139,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2011?","answers":["Christopher A. Sims","Thomas J. Sargent"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":840,"text":"Christopher A. Sims\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1942, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":846,"text":"Thomas J. Sargent\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2011.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1943, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: New York University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3140,"query":"Who was born in the late 1970s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Tawakkol Karman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3141,"query":"Who was born in the 1970s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3142,"query":"Who was born in the late 1970s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Tawakkol Karman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3143,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011?","answers":["Tawakkol Karman","Leymah Gbowee","Ellen Johnson Sirleaf"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":841,"text":"Tawakkol Karman\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 7, Feb, 1979, Ta'izz, Yemen\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":843,"text":"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 29, Oct, 1938, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3144,"query":"Who was born in the early 1970s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Leymah Gbowee","Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3145,"query":"Who was born in the early 1970s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Leymah Gbowee"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":842,"text":"Leymah Gbowee\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2011.\nBorn: 1, Feb, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia\nPrize motivation: \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3146,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2011?","answers":["Tomas Tranströmer"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":844,"text":"Tomas Tranströmer\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2011.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1931, Stockholm, Sweden\nDied: 26, Mar, 2015, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3147,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011?","answers":["Dan Shechtman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":845,"text":"Dan Shechtman\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011.\nBorn: 24, Jan, 1941, Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of quasicrystals\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3148,"query":"Who was born in the late 1960s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Brian P. Schmidt","Adam G. Riess","Emmanuelle Charpentier","David MacMillan","Ardem Patapoutian","Benjamin List"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":968,"text":"David MacMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1968, Bellshill, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":972,"text":"Ardem Patapoutian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 1967, Beirut, Lebanon\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":974,"text":"Benjamin List\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1968, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3149,"query":"Who was born in the late 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Brian P. Schmidt","Adam G. Riess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3150,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011?","answers":["Brian P. Schmidt","Saul Perlmutter","Adam G. Riess"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":847,"text":"Brian P. Schmidt\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1967, Missoula MT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":848,"text":"Saul Perlmutter\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 1959, Champaign-Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":852,"text":"Adam G. Riess\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2011.\nBorn: 16, Dec, 1969, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3151,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011?","answers":["Ralph M. Steinman","Jules A. Hoffmann","Bruce A. Beutler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":849,"text":"Ralph M. Steinman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 14, Jan, 1943, Montreal, Canada\nDied: 30, Sep, 2011, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":850,"text":"Jules A. Hoffmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 2, Aug, 1941, Echternach, Luxembourg\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":851,"text":"Bruce A. Beutler\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011.\nBorn: 29, Dec, 1957, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3152,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2012?","answers":["Lloyd S. Shapley","Alvin E. Roth"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":853,"text":"Lloyd S. Shapley\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 2, Jun, 1923, Cambridge MA, USA\nDied: 12, Mar, 2016, Tucson AZ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":854,"text":"Alvin E. Roth\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2012.\nBorn: 18, Dec, 1951, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3153,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012?","answers":["European Union "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":855,"text":"European Union \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2012.\nFounded: 1952\nPrize motivation: \"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3154,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2012?","answers":["Mo Yan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":856,"text":"Mo Yan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2012.\nBorn: 2, Feb, 1955, Gaomi, China\nPrize motivation: \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3155,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012?","answers":["Brian Kobilka","Robert J. Lefkowitz"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":857,"text":"Brian Kobilka\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 30, May, 1955, Little Falls MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":858,"text":"Robert J. Lefkowitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012.\nBorn: 15, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3156,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2012?","answers":["Serge Haroche","David J. Wineland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":859,"text":"Serge Haroche\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1944, Casablanca, Morocco\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Collège de France, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":862,"text":"David J. Wineland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.\nBorn: 24, Feb, 1944, Milwaukee WI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3157,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012?","answers":["Shinya Yamanaka","Sir John B. Gurdon"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":860,"text":"Shinya Yamanaka\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 4, Sep, 1962, Osaka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":861,"text":"Sir John B. Gurdon\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3158,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2013?","answers":["Robert J. Shiller","Lars Peter Hansen","Eugene F. Fama"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":863,"text":"Robert J. Shiller\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 29, Mar, 1946, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":865,"text":"Lars Peter Hansen\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 26, Oct, 1952, Urbana IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":866,"text":"Eugene F. Fama\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2013.\nBorn: 14, Feb, 1939, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their empirical analysis of asset prices\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3159,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013?","answers":["Arieh Warshel","Michael Levitt","Martin Karplus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":864,"text":"Arieh Warshel\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 20, Nov, 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":869,"text":"Michael Levitt\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 9, May, 1947, Pretoria, South Africa\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":870,"text":"Martin Karplus\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013.\nBorn: 15, Mar, 1930, Vienna, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3160,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013?","answers":["Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":867,"text":"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2013.\nFounded: 1997\nPrize motivation: \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3161,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2013?","answers":["Alice Munro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":868,"text":"Alice Munro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2013.\nBorn: 10, Jul, 1931, Wingham, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"master of the contemporary short story\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3162,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2013?","answers":["Peter Higgs","François Englert"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":871,"text":"Peter Higgs\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 29, May, 1929, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":872,"text":"François Englert\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2013.\nBorn: 6, Nov, 1932, Etterbeek, Belgium\nPrize motivation: \"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3163,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Thomas C. Südhof","Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","David Julius","Svante Pääbo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":973,"text":"David Julius\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1955, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":984,"text":"Svante Pääbo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2022.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1955, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3164,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013?","answers":["Thomas C. Südhof","Randy W. Schekman","James E. Rothman"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":873,"text":"Thomas C. Südhof\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1955, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":874,"text":"Randy W. Schekman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1948, St. Paul MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":875,"text":"James E. Rothman\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013.\nBorn: 3, Nov, 1950, Haverhill MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3165,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2014?","answers":["Jean Tirole"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":876,"text":"Jean Tirole\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2014.\nBorn: 9, Aug, 1953, Troyes, France\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of market power and regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3166,"query":"Who was born in the 1990s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Malala Yousafzai","Nadia Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3167,"query":"Who was born in the late 1990s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Malala Yousafzai"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3168,"query":"Who was born in the 1990s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Malala Yousafzai","Nadia Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3169,"query":"Who was born in the late 1990s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Malala Yousafzai"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3170,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014?","answers":["Malala Yousafzai","Kailash Satyarthi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":877,"text":"Malala Yousafzai\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1997, Mingora, Pakistan\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"},{"docid":882,"text":"Kailash Satyarthi\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2014.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1954, Vidisha, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3171,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2014?","answers":["Patrick Modiano"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":878,"text":"Patrick Modiano\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jul, 1945, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and\r\nuncovered the life-world of the occupation\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3172,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014?","answers":["William E. Moerner","Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":879,"text":"William E. Moerner\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 24, Jun, 1953, Pleasanton CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3173,"query":"Who was born in the 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig","Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier","David MacMillan","Benjamin List","Carolyn Bertozzi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":968,"text":"David MacMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1968, Bellshill, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":974,"text":"Benjamin List\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1968, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":987,"text":"Carolyn Bertozzi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1966, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3174,"query":"Who was born in the early 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Stefan W. Hell","Eric Betzig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":880,"text":"Stefan W. Hell\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 23, Dec, 1962, Arad, Romania\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":881,"text":"Eric Betzig\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014.\nBorn: 13, Jan, 1960, Ann Arbor MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3175,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2014?","answers":["Hiroshi Amano","Isamu Akasaki","Shuji Nakamura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":883,"text":"Hiroshi Amano\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 11, Sep, 1960, Hamamatsu, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":884,"text":"Isamu Akasaki\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1929, Chiran, Japan\nDied: 1, Apr, 2021, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3176,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014?","answers":["Edvard I. Moser","May-Britt Moser","John O'Keefe"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":885,"text":"Edvard I. Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 27, Apr, 1962, Ålesund, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":887,"text":"John O'Keefe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 18, Nov, 1939, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University College, London, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3177,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1960s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["May-Britt Moser","Michael Kremer","Didier Queloz","Jennifer A. Doudna","Andrea Ghez","Guido Imbens","Maria Ressa","Carolyn Bertozzi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":966,"text":"Guido Imbens\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1963, Geldrop, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":987,"text":"Carolyn Bertozzi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1966, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3178,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["May-Britt Moser"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":886,"text":"May-Britt Moser\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2014.\nBorn: 4, Jan, 1963, Fosnavåg, Norway\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3179,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1950s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Shuji Nakamura"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":888,"text":"Shuji Nakamura\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2014.\nBorn: 22, May, 1954, Ikata, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3180,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2015?","answers":["Angus Deaton"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":889,"text":"Angus Deaton\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2015.\nBorn: 19, Oct, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3181,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2015?","answers":["National Dialogue Quartet "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":890,"text":"National Dialogue Quartet \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2015.\nFounded: 2013\nPrize motivation: \"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3182,"query":"Who was born in the late 1940s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Svetlana Alexievich","Abdulrazak Gurnah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"},{"docid":962,"text":"Abdulrazak Gurnah\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2021.\nBorn: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3183,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2015?","answers":["Svetlana Alexievich"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":891,"text":"Svetlana Alexievich\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2015.\nBorn: 31, May, 1948, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine\nPrize motivation: \"for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3184,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015?","answers":["Aziz Sancar","Paul Modrich","Tomas Lindahl"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":892,"text":"Aziz Sancar\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 8, Sep, 1946, Savur, Turkey\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":893,"text":"Paul Modrich\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 13, Jun, 1946, Raton NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham NC, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":894,"text":"Tomas Lindahl\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jan, 1938, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3185,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2015?","answers":["Takaaki Kajita","Arthur B. McDonald"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":895,"text":"Takaaki Kajita\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 9, Mar, 1959, Higashimatsuyama, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":899,"text":"Arthur B. McDonald\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2015.\nBorn: 29, Aug, 1943, Sydney, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Queen's University, Kingston, Canada\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3186,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015?","answers":["Youyou Tu","Satoshi Ōmura","William C. Campbell"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":896,"text":"Youyou Tu\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 30, Dec, 1930, Zhejiang Ningbo, China\nPrize motivation: \"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":897,"text":"Satoshi Ōmura\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1935, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":898,"text":"William C. Campbell\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2015.\nBorn: 28, Jun, 1930, Ramelton, Ireland\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Drew University, Madison NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3187,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2016?","answers":["Bengt Holmström","Oliver Hart"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":900,"text":"Bengt Holmström\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 18, Apr, 1949, Helsinki, Finland\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":902,"text":"Oliver Hart\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2016.\nBorn: 9, Oct, 1948, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their contributions to contract theory\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3188,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016?","answers":["Bernard L. Feringa","Sir J. Fraser Stoddart","Jean-Pierre Sauvage"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":901,"text":"Bernard L. Feringa\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 18, May, 1951, Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":904,"text":"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1942, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":910,"text":"Jean-Pierre Sauvage\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016.\nBorn: 21, Oct, 1944, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3189,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2016?","answers":["Juan Manuel Santos"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":903,"text":"Juan Manuel Santos\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016.\nBorn: 10, Aug, 1951, Bogotá, Colombia\nPrize motivation: \"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3190,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2016?","answers":["Bob Dylan"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":905,"text":"Bob Dylan\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.\nBorn: 24, May, 1941, Duluth MN, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3191,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2016?","answers":["J. Michael Kosterlitz","F. Duncan M. Haldane","David J. Thouless"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":906,"text":"J. Michael Kosterlitz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1943, Aberdeen, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brown University, Providence RI, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":907,"text":"F. Duncan M. Haldane\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 14, Sep, 1951, London, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":908,"text":"David J. Thouless\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2016.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1934, Bearsden, United Kingdom\nDied: 6, Apr, 2019, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3192,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016?","answers":["Yoshinori Ohsumi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":909,"text":"Yoshinori Ohsumi\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2016.\nBorn: 9, Feb, 1945, Fukuoka, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3193,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2017?","answers":["International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":911,"text":"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2017.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3194,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2017?","answers":["Kazuo Ishiguro"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":912,"text":"Kazuo Ishiguro\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2017.\nBorn: 8, Nov, 1954, Nagasaki, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3195,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017?","answers":["Richard Henderson","Joachim Frank","Jacques Dubochet"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":913,"text":"Richard Henderson\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 19, Jul, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":914,"text":"Joachim Frank\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1940, Siegen, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Columbia University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":915,"text":"Jacques Dubochet\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017.\nBorn: 8, Jun, 1942, Aigle, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3196,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2017?","answers":["Kip S. Thorne","Rainer Weiss","Barry C. Barish"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":916,"text":"Kip S. Thorne\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 1, Jun, 1940, Logan UT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":918,"text":"Rainer Weiss\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 29, Sep, 1932, Berlin, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":922,"text":"Barry C. Barish\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2017.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1936, Omaha NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3197,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2017?","answers":["Richard H. Thaler"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":917,"text":"Richard H. Thaler\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2017.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1945, East Orange NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for his contributions to behavioural economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3198,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017?","answers":["Michael W. Young","Michael Rosbash","Jeffrey C. Hall"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":919,"text":"Michael W. Young\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 28, Mar, 1949, Miami FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":920,"text":"Michael Rosbash\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 7, Mar, 1944, Kansas City MO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":921,"text":"Jeffrey C. Hall\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2017.\nBorn: 3, May, 1945, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Maine, Maine ME, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3199,"query":"Who was born in the 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Olga Tokarczuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3200,"query":"Who was born in the early 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Literature? ","answers":["Olga Tokarczuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3201,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2018?","answers":["Olga Tokarczuk"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":923,"text":"Olga Tokarczuk\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2018.\nBorn: 29, Jan, 1962, Sulechów, Poland\nPrize motivation: \"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3202,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2018?","answers":["Paul M. Romer","William D. Nordhaus"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":924,"text":"Paul M. Romer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 1955, Denver CO, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: NYU Stern School of Business, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":925,"text":"William D. Nordhaus\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2018.\nBorn: 31, May, 1941, Albuquerque NM, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3203,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1990s and won the Nobel Prize?","answers":["Nadia Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3204,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1990s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Nadia Murad"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3205,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2018?","answers":["Nadia Murad","Denis Mukwege"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":926,"text":"Nadia Murad\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1993, Kojo, Iraq\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"},{"docid":927,"text":"Denis Mukwege\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2018.\nBorn: 1, Mar, 1955, Bukavu, Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3206,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018?","answers":["Sir Gregory P. Winter","George P. Smith","Frances H. Arnold"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":928,"text":"Sir Gregory P. Winter\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 14, Apr, 1951, Leicester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":929,"text":"George P. Smith\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 10, Mar, 1941, Norwalk CT, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Missouri, Columbia, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":930,"text":"Frances H. Arnold\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1956, Pittsburgh PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3207,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018?","answers":["Gérard Mourou","Arthur Ashkin","Donna Strickland"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":931,"text":"Gérard Mourou\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 22, Jun, 1944, Albertville, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":932,"text":"Arthur Ashkin\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 2, Sep, 1922, New York NY, USA\nDied: 21, Sep, 2020, Rumson NJ, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Bell Laboratories, Holmdel NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":935,"text":"Donna Strickland\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2018.\nBorn: 27, May, 1959, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3208,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018?","answers":["Tasuku Honjo","James P. Allison"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":933,"text":"Tasuku Honjo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 27, Jan, 1942, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":934,"text":"James P. Allison\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2018.\nBorn: 7, Aug, 1948, Alice TX, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3209,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019?","answers":["Akira Yoshino","M. Stanley Whittingham","John Goodenough"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":936,"text":"Akira Yoshino\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 30, Jan, 1948, Suita, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":941,"text":"M. Stanley Whittingham\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 22, Dec, 1941, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Binghamton University State University of New York, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":949,"text":"John Goodenough\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019.\nBorn: 25, Jul, 1922, Jena, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of lithium-ion batteries\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas, Austin TX, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3210,"query":"Who was born in the 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Joshua Angrist","Guido Imbens"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":963,"text":"Joshua Angrist\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1960, Columbus OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":966,"text":"Guido Imbens\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1963, Geldrop, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3211,"query":"Who was born in the early 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Abhijit Banerjee","Joshua Angrist"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":963,"text":"Joshua Angrist\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1960, Columbus OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3212,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2019?","answers":["Abhijit Banerjee","Michael Kremer","Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":937,"text":"Abhijit Banerjee\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 21, Feb, 1961, Mumbai, India\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3213,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Michael Kremer","Guido Imbens"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":938,"text":"Michael Kremer\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Nov, 1964, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":966,"text":"Guido Imbens\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1963, Geldrop, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3214,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2019?","answers":["Peter Handke"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":939,"text":"Peter Handke\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.\nBorn: 6, Dec, 1942, Griffen, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3215,"query":"Who was born in the 1970s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3216,"query":"Who was born in the early 1970s and won the Nobel Prize in Economics? ","answers":["Esther Duflo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":940,"text":"Esther Duflo\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1972, Paris, France\nPrize motivation: \"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3217,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1970s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3218,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019?","answers":["Abiy Ahmed Ali"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":942,"text":"Abiy Ahmed Ali\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2019.\nBorn: 15, Aug, 1976, Beshasha, Ethiopia\nPrize motivation: \"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3219,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Physics? ","answers":["Didier Queloz","Andrea Ghez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3220,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2019?","answers":["Didier Queloz","Michel Mayor","James Peebles"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":943,"text":"Didier Queloz\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 23, Feb, 1966, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":944,"text":"Michel Mayor\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jan, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":945,"text":"James Peebles\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2019.\nBorn: 25, Apr, 1935, Winnipeg, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3221,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019?","answers":["Gregg Semenza","Peter Ratcliffe","William Kaelin"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":946,"text":"Gregg Semenza\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 12, Jul, 1956, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":947,"text":"Peter Ratcliffe\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 14, May, 1954, Lancashire, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":948,"text":"William Kaelin\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2019.\nBorn: 23, Nov, 1957, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3222,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2020?","answers":["Robert Wilson","Paul Milgrom"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":950,"text":"Robert Wilson\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 16, May, 1937, Geneva NE, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":951,"text":"Paul Milgrom\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2020.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1948, Detroit MI, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3223,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020?","answers":["World Food Programme "],"positive_passages":[{"docid":952,"text":"World Food Programme \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2020.\nFounded: 1961\nPrize motivation: \"for its efforts to combat hunger for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3224,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2020?","answers":["Louise Glück"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":953,"text":"Louise Glück\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2020.\nBorn: 22, Apr, 1943, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3225,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Jennifer A. Doudna","Carolyn Bertozzi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":987,"text":"Carolyn Bertozzi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1966, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3226,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020?","answers":["Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":954,"text":"Jennifer A. Doudna\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 19, Feb, 1964, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3227,"query":"Who was born in the late 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? ","answers":["Emmanuelle Charpentier","David MacMillan","Benjamin List"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":955,"text":"Emmanuelle Charpentier\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020.\nBorn: 11, Dec, 1968, Juvisy-sur-Orge, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of a method for genome editing\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":968,"text":"David MacMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1968, Bellshill, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":974,"text":"Benjamin List\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1968, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3228,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020?","answers":["Reinhard Genzel","Roger Penrose","Andrea Ghez"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":956,"text":"Reinhard Genzel\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 24, Mar, 1952, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":957,"text":"Roger Penrose\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 8, Aug, 1931, Colchester, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":961,"text":"Andrea Ghez\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.\nBorn: 16, Jun, 1965, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3229,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020?","answers":["Charles Rice","Michael Houghton","Harvey Alter"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":958,"text":"Charles Rice\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 25, Aug, 1952, Sacramento CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":959,"text":"Michael Houghton\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 1949, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":960,"text":"Harvey Alter\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2020.\nBorn: 12, Sep, 1935, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3230,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2021?","answers":["Abdulrazak Gurnah"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":962,"text":"Abdulrazak Gurnah\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2021.\nBorn: 1948\nPrize motivation: \"for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3231,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2021?","answers":["Joshua Angrist","David Card","Guido Imbens"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":963,"text":"Joshua Angrist\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 18, Sep, 1960, Columbus OH, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":964,"text":"David Card\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 1956, Guelph, Canada\nPrize motivation: \"for his empirical contributions to labour economics\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":966,"text":"Guido Imbens\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.\nBorn: 3, Sep, 1963, Geldrop, the Netherlands\nPrize motivation: \"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3232,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2021?","answers":["Dmitry Muratov","Maria Ressa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":965,"text":"Dmitry Muratov\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 1961, Kubyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"},{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3233,"query":"Who was born in the mid 1960s and won the Nobel Peace Prize in Peace? ","answers":["Maria Ressa"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":967,"text":"Maria Ressa\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2021.\nBorn: 2, Oct, 1963, Manila, Philippines\nPrize motivation: \"for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3234,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021?","answers":["David MacMillan","Benjamin List"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":968,"text":"David MacMillan\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 16, Mar, 1968, Bellshill, United Kingdom\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":974,"text":"Benjamin List\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021.\nBorn: 11, Jan, 1968, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3235,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021?","answers":["Syukuro Manabe","Giorgio Parisi","Klaus Hasselmann"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":969,"text":"Syukuro Manabe\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 21, Sep, 1931, Shingu Ehime, Japan\nPrize motivation: \"for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA\nPrize share: 1/4"},{"docid":970,"text":"Giorgio Parisi\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 4, Aug, 1948, Rome, Italy\nPrize motivation: \"for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":971,"text":"Klaus Hasselmann\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2021.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1931, Hamburg, Germany\nPrize motivation: \"for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany\nPrize share: 1/4"}]}
{"query_id":3236,"query":"Who was born in the late 1960s and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine? ","answers":["Ardem Patapoutian"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":972,"text":"Ardem Patapoutian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 1967, Beirut, Lebanon\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3237,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021?","answers":["Ardem Patapoutian","David Julius"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":972,"text":"Ardem Patapoutian\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 1967, Beirut, Lebanon\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"},{"docid":973,"text":"David Julius\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021.\nBorn: 4, Nov, 1955, New York NY, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/2"}]}
{"query_id":3238,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2022?","answers":["Ben Bernanke","Douglas Diamond","Philip Dybvig"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":975,"text":"Ben Bernanke\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2022.\nBorn: 13, Dec, 1953, Augusta GA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for research on banks and financial crises\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C., USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":986,"text":"Douglas Diamond\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2022.\nBorn: 25, Oct, 1953, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for research on banks and financial crises\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":988,"text":"Philip Dybvig\nThe Nobel Prize in Economics 2022.\nBorn: 22, May, 1955, Gainesville FL, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for research on banks and financial crises\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Washington University, St. Louis MO, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3239,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022?","answers":["Center for Civil Liberties ","Memorial ","Ales Bialiatski"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":976,"text":"Center for Civil Liberties \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2022.\nFounded: 2007\nPrize motivation: \"The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.\"\n"},{"docid":977,"text":"Memorial \nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2022.\nFounded: 1987\nPrize motivation: \"The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.\"\n"},{"docid":978,"text":"Ales Bialiatski\nThe Nobel Peace Prize 2022.\nBorn: 25, Sep, 1962, Vyartsilya Karelia, Russia\nPrize motivation: \"The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.\"\n"}]}
{"query_id":3240,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2022?","answers":["Annie Ernaux"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":979,"text":"Annie Ernaux\nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2022.\nBorn: 1, Sep, 1940, Lillebonne, France\nPrize motivation: \"for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots estrangements and  collective restraints of personal memory\"\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}
{"query_id":3241,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022?","answers":["Morten Meldal","Barry Sharpless","Carolyn Bertozzi"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":980,"text":"Morten Meldal\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 1954, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":985,"text":"Barry Sharpless\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 28, Apr, 1941, Philadelphia PA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Scripps Research, La Jolla CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":987,"text":"Carolyn Bertozzi\nThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022.\nBorn: 10, Oct, 1966, Boston MA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3242,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2022?","answers":["Anton Zeilinger","John F. Clauser","Alain Aspect"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":981,"text":"Anton Zeilinger\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2022.\nBorn: 20, May, 1945, Ried im Innkreis, Austria\nPrize motivation: \"for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and  pioneering quantum information science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":982,"text":"John F. Clauser\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2022.\nBorn: 1, Dec, 1942, Pasadena CA, USA\nPrize motivation: \"for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and  pioneering quantum information science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: J.F. Clauser & Assoc., Walnut Creek CA, USA\nPrize share: 1/3"},{"docid":983,"text":"Alain Aspect\nThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2022.\nBorn: 15, Jun, 1947, Agen, France\nPrize motivation: \"for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and  pioneering quantum information science\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Institut d’Optique Graduate School – Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France\nPrize share: 1/3"}]}
{"query_id":3243,"query":"Who was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2022?","answers":["Svante Pääbo"],"positive_passages":[{"docid":984,"text":"Svante Pääbo\nThe Nobel Prize in Medicine 2022.\nBorn: 20, Apr, 1955, Stockholm, Sweden\nPrize motivation: \"for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution\"\nAffiliation at the time of the award: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany\nPrize share: 1/1"}]}