Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1980 and 1983?

Answer: Frederick Sanger

Answer: Paul Berg

Answer: Walter Gilbert

Answer: Kenichi Fukui

Answer: Roald Hoffmann

Answer: Aaron Klug

Answer: Henry Taube

Frederick Sanger
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.
Born: 13, Aug, 1918, Rendcombe, United Kingdom
Died: 19, Nov, 2013, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/4

Paul Berg
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.
Born: 30, Jun, 1926, New York NY, USA
Died: 15, Feb, 2023, Stanford CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Walter Gilbert
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980.
Born: 21, Mar, 1932, Boston MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University Biological Laboratories, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

Kenichi Fukui
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.
Born: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan
Died: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan
Prize motivation: "for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Prize share: 1/2

Roald Hoffmann
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.
Born: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)
Prize motivation: "for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Aaron Klug
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.
Born: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania
Died: 20, Nov, 2018
Prize motivation: "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/1

Henry Taube
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.
Born: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada
Died: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1980 and 1983?

Answer: Adolfo Pérez Esquivel

Answer: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Answer: Alva Myrdal

Answer: Alfonso García Robles

Answer: Lech Walesa

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
The Nobel Peace Prize 1980.
Born: 26, Nov, 1931, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Prize motivation: "for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America"

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Nobel Peace Prize 1981.
Founded: 14, Dec, 1950
Prize motivation: "for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees"

Alva Myrdal
The Nobel Peace Prize 1982.
Born: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden
Died: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones"

Alfonso García Robles
The Nobel Peace Prize 1982.
Born: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico
Died: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico
Prize motivation: "for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones"

Lech Walesa
The Nobel Peace Prize 1983.
Born: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland
Prize motivation: "for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1980 and 1983?

Answer: Jean Dausset

Answer: Baruj Benacerraf

Answer: George D. Snell

Answer: David H. Hubel

Answer: Roger W. Sperry

Answer: Torsten N. Wiesel

Answer: John R. Vane

Answer: Sune K. Bergström

Answer: Bengt I. Samuelsson

Answer: Barbara McClintock

Jean Dausset
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.
Born: 19, Oct, 1916, Toulouse, France
Died: 6, Jun, 2009, Palma Majorca, Spain
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France
Prize share: 1/3

Baruj Benacerraf
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.
Born: 29, Oct, 1920, Caracas, Venezuela
Died: 2, Aug, 2011, Boston MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
Prize share: 1/3

George D. Snell
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1980.
Born: 19, Dec, 1903, Bradford MA, USA
Died: 6, Jun, 1996, Bar Harbor ME, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, USA
Prize share: 1/3

David H. Hubel
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.
Born: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada
Died: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

Roger W. Sperry
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.
Born: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA
Died: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"
Affiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Torsten N. Wiesel
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.
Born: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

John R. Vane
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom
Died: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Sune K. Bergström
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden
Died: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize share: 1/3

Bengt I. Samuelsson
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize share: 1/3

Barbara McClintock
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.
Born: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA
Died: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1980 and 1983?

Answer: Lawrence R. Klein

Answer: James Tobin

Answer: George J. Stigler

Answer: Gerard Debreu

Lawrence R. Klein
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1980.
Born: 14, Sep, 1920, Omaha NE, USA
Died: 20, Oct, 2013, Gladwyne PA, USA
Prize motivation: "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

James Tobin
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.
Born: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA
Died: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA
Prize motivation: "for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA
Prize share: 1/1

George J. Stigler
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.
Born: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA
Died: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Gerard Debreu
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.
Born: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France
Died: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1980 and 1983?

Answer: Val Fitch

Answer: James Cronin

Answer: Nicolaas Bloembergen

Answer: Arthur L. Schawlow

Answer: Kai M. Siegbahn

Answer: Kenneth G. Wilson

Answer: William A. Fowler

Answer: Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

Val Fitch
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.
Born: 10, Mar, 1923, Merriman NE, USA
Died: 5, Feb, 2015, Princeton NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA
Prize share: 1/2

James Cronin
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980.
Born: 29, Sep, 1931, Chicago IL, USA
Died: 25, Aug, 2016, St. Paul MN, USA
Prize motivation: "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Nicolaas Bloembergen
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.
Born: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
Died: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA
Prize motivation: "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

Arthur L. Schawlow
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.
Born: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA
Died: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

Kai M. Siegbahn
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.
Born: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden
Died: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Prize share: 1/2

Kenneth G. Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.
Born: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA
Died: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

William A. Fowler
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA
Died: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"
Affiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)
Died: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1981 and 1984?

Answer: Elias Canetti

Answer: Gabriel García Márquez

Answer: William Golding

Answer: Jaroslav Seifert

Elias Canetti
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981.
Born: 25, Jul, 1905, Ruse, Bulgaria
Died: 14, Aug, 1994, Zurich, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power"
Prize share: 1/1

Gabriel García Márquez
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.
Born: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia
Died: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico
Prize motivation: "for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"
Prize share: 1/1

William Golding
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.
Born: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom
Died: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today"
Prize share: 1/1

Jaroslav Seifert
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.
Born: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)
Died: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)
Prize motivation: "for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1981 and 1984?

Answer: Kenichi Fukui

Answer: Roald Hoffmann

Answer: Aaron Klug

Answer: Henry Taube

Answer: Bruce Merrifield

Kenichi Fukui
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.
Born: 4, Oct, 1918, Nara, Japan
Died: 9, Jan, 1998, Kyoto, Japan
Prize motivation: "for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Prize share: 1/2

Roald Hoffmann
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981.
Born: 18, Jul, 1937, Zloczov, Poland (now Ukraine)
Prize motivation: "for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Aaron Klug
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.
Born: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania
Died: 20, Nov, 2018
Prize motivation: "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/1

Henry Taube
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.
Born: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada
Died: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Bruce Merrifield
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.
Born: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA
Died: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1981 and 1984?

Answer: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Answer: Alva Myrdal

Answer: Alfonso García Robles

Answer: Lech Walesa

Answer: Desmond Tutu

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Nobel Peace Prize 1981.
Founded: 14, Dec, 1950
Prize motivation: "for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees"

Alva Myrdal
The Nobel Peace Prize 1982.
Born: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden
Died: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones"

Alfonso García Robles
The Nobel Peace Prize 1982.
Born: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico
Died: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico
Prize motivation: "for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones"

Lech Walesa
The Nobel Peace Prize 1983.
Born: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland
Prize motivation: "for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland"

Desmond Tutu
The Nobel Peace Prize 1984.
Born: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa
Died: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa
Prize motivation: "for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1981 and 1984?

Answer: David H. Hubel

Answer: Roger W. Sperry

Answer: Torsten N. Wiesel

Answer: John R. Vane

Answer: Sune K. Bergström

Answer: Bengt I. Samuelsson

Answer: Barbara McClintock

Answer: Niels K. Jerne

Answer: Georges J.F. Köhler

Answer: César Milstein

David H. Hubel
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.
Born: 27, Feb, 1926, Windsor ON, Canada
Died: 22, Sep, 2013, Lincoln MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

Roger W. Sperry
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.
Born: 20, Aug, 1913, Hartford CT, USA
Died: 17, Apr, 1994, Pasadena CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"
Affiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Torsten N. Wiesel
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1981.
Born: 3, Jun, 1924, Uppsala, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

John R. Vane
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom
Died: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Sune K. Bergström
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden
Died: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize share: 1/3

Bengt I. Samuelsson
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize share: 1/3

Barbara McClintock
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.
Born: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA
Died: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Niels K. Jerne
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom
Died: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

Georges J.F. Köhler
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany
Died: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

César Milstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Died: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1981 and 1984?

Answer: James Tobin

Answer: George J. Stigler

Answer: Gerard Debreu

Answer: Richard Stone

James Tobin
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1981.
Born: 5, Mar, 1918, Champaign IL, USA
Died: 11, Mar, 2002, New Haven CT, USA
Prize motivation: "for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA
Prize share: 1/1

George J. Stigler
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.
Born: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA
Died: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Gerard Debreu
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.
Born: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France
Died: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Richard Stone
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.
Born: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom
Died: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1981 and 1984?

Answer: Nicolaas Bloembergen

Answer: Arthur L. Schawlow

Answer: Kai M. Siegbahn

Answer: Kenneth G. Wilson

Answer: William A. Fowler

Answer: Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

Answer: Simon van der Meer

Answer: Carlo Rubbia

Nicolaas Bloembergen
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.
Born: 11, Mar, 1920, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
Died: 5, Sep, 2017, Tucson AZ, USA
Prize motivation: "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

Arthur L. Schawlow
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.
Born: 5, May, 1921, Mount Vernon NY, USA
Died: 28, Apr, 1999, Palo Alto CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/4

Kai M. Siegbahn
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981.
Born: 20, Apr, 1918, Lund, Sweden
Died: 20, Jul, 2007, Ängelholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Prize share: 1/2

Kenneth G. Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.
Born: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA
Died: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

William A. Fowler
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA
Died: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"
Affiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)
Died: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Simon van der Meer
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands
Died: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Carlo Rubbia
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1982 and 1985?

Answer: Gabriel García Márquez

Answer: William Golding

Answer: Jaroslav Seifert

Answer: Claude Simon

Gabriel García Márquez
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982.
Born: 6, Mar, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia
Died: 17, Apr, 2014, Mexico City, Mexico
Prize motivation: "for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"
Prize share: 1/1

William Golding
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.
Born: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom
Died: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today"
Prize share: 1/1

Jaroslav Seifert
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.
Born: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)
Died: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)
Prize motivation: "for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"
Prize share: 1/1

Claude Simon
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.
Born: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar
Died: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1982 and 1985?

Answer: Aaron Klug

Answer: Henry Taube

Answer: Bruce Merrifield

Answer: Herbert A. Hauptman

Answer: Jerome Karle

Aaron Klug
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982.
Born: 11, Aug, 1926, Zelvas, Lithuania
Died: 20, Nov, 2018
Prize motivation: "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/1

Henry Taube
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.
Born: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada
Died: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Bruce Merrifield
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.
Born: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA
Died: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Herbert A. Hauptman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.
Born: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA
Died: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Jerome Karle
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.
Born: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA
Died: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1982 and 1985?

Answer: Alva Myrdal

Answer: Alfonso García Robles

Answer: Lech Walesa

Answer: Desmond Tutu

Answer: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

Alva Myrdal
The Nobel Peace Prize 1982.
Born: 31, Jan, 1902, Uppsala, Sweden
Died: 1, Feb, 1986, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones"

Alfonso García Robles
The Nobel Peace Prize 1982.
Born: 20, Mar, 1911, Zamora, Mexico
Died: 2, Sep, 1991, Mexico City, Mexico
Prize motivation: "for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones"

Lech Walesa
The Nobel Peace Prize 1983.
Born: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland
Prize motivation: "for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland"

Desmond Tutu
The Nobel Peace Prize 1984.
Born: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa
Died: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa
Prize motivation: "for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa"

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
The Nobel Peace Prize 1985.
Founded: 1980
Prize motivation: "for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1982 and 1985?

Answer: John R. Vane

Answer: Sune K. Bergström

Answer: Bengt I. Samuelsson

Answer: Barbara McClintock

Answer: Niels K. Jerne

Answer: Georges J.F. Köhler

Answer: César Milstein

Answer: Joseph L. Goldstein

Answer: Michael S. Brown

John R. Vane
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 29, Mar, 1927, Tardebigg, United Kingdom
Died: 19, Nov, 2004, Farnborough, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Sune K. Bergström
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 10, Jan, 1916, Stockholm, Sweden
Died: 15, Aug, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize share: 1/3

Bengt I. Samuelsson
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1982.
Born: 21, May, 1934, Halmstad, Sweden
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Prize share: 1/3

Barbara McClintock
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.
Born: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA
Died: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Niels K. Jerne
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom
Died: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

Georges J.F. Köhler
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany
Died: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

César Milstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Died: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Joseph L. Goldstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Michael S. Brown
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1982 and 1985?

Answer: George J. Stigler

Answer: Gerard Debreu

Answer: Richard Stone

Answer: Franco Modigliani

George J. Stigler
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1982.
Born: 17, Jan, 1911, Renton WA, USA
Died: 1, Dec, 1991, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Gerard Debreu
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.
Born: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France
Died: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Richard Stone
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.
Born: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom
Died: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/1

Franco Modigliani
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.
Born: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy
Died: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1982 and 1985?

Answer: Kenneth G. Wilson

Answer: William A. Fowler

Answer: Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

Answer: Simon van der Meer

Answer: Carlo Rubbia

Answer: Klaus von Klitzing

Kenneth G. Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982.
Born: 8, Jun, 1936, Waltham MA, USA
Died: 15, Jun, 2013, Saco ME, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

William A. Fowler
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA
Died: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"
Affiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)
Died: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Simon van der Meer
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands
Died: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Carlo Rubbia
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Klaus von Klitzing
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.
Born: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)
Prize motivation: "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1983 and 1986?

Answer: William Golding

Answer: Jaroslav Seifert

Answer: Claude Simon

Answer: Wole Soyinka

William Golding
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983.
Born: 19, Sep, 1911, St. Columb Minor, United Kingdom
Died: 19, Jun, 1993, Perranarworthal, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today"
Prize share: 1/1

Jaroslav Seifert
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.
Born: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)
Died: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)
Prize motivation: "for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"
Prize share: 1/1

Claude Simon
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.
Born: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar
Died: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"
Prize share: 1/1

Wole Soyinka
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.
Born: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Prize motivation: "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1983 and 1986?

Answer: Henry Taube

Answer: Bruce Merrifield

Answer: Herbert A. Hauptman

Answer: Jerome Karle

Answer: Dudley R. Herschbach

Answer: John C. Polanyi

Answer: Yuan T. Lee

Henry Taube
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983.
Born: 30, Nov, 1915, Neudorf, Canada
Died: 16, Nov, 2005, Stanford CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Bruce Merrifield
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.
Born: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA
Died: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Herbert A. Hauptman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.
Born: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA
Died: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Jerome Karle
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.
Born: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA
Died: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA
Prize share: 1/2

Dudley R. Herschbach
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.
Born: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/3

John C. Polanyi
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.
Born: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Prize share: 1/3

Yuan T. Lee
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.
Born: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
Prize share: 1/3


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1983 and 1986?

Answer: Lech Walesa

Answer: Desmond Tutu

Answer: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

Answer: Elie Wiesel

Lech Walesa
The Nobel Peace Prize 1983.
Born: 29, Sep, 1943, Popowo, Poland
Prize motivation: "for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland"

Desmond Tutu
The Nobel Peace Prize 1984.
Born: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa
Died: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa
Prize motivation: "for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa"

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
The Nobel Peace Prize 1985.
Founded: 1980
Prize motivation: "for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war"

Elie Wiesel
The Nobel Peace Prize 1986.
Born: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania
Died: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1983 and 1986?

Answer: Barbara McClintock

Answer: Niels K. Jerne

Answer: Georges J.F. Köhler

Answer: César Milstein

Answer: Joseph L. Goldstein

Answer: Michael S. Brown

Answer: Rita Levi-Montalcini

Answer: Stanley Cohen

Barbara McClintock
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1983.
Born: 16, Jun, 1902, Hartford CT, USA
Died: 2, Sep, 1992, Huntington NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Niels K. Jerne
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom
Died: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

Georges J.F. Köhler
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany
Died: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

César Milstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Died: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Joseph L. Goldstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Michael S. Brown
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Rita Levi-Montalcini
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy
Died: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy
Prize share: 1/2

Stanley Cohen
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA
Died: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1983 and 1986?

Answer: Gerard Debreu

Answer: Richard Stone

Answer: Franco Modigliani

Answer: James M. Buchanan Jr.

Gerard Debreu
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1983.
Born: 4, Jul, 1921, Calais, France
Died: 31, Dec, 2004, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Richard Stone
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.
Born: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom
Died: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/1

Franco Modigliani
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.
Born: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy
Died: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

James M. Buchanan Jr.
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.
Born: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA
Died: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1983 and 1986?

Answer: William A. Fowler

Answer: Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

Answer: Simon van der Meer

Answer: Carlo Rubbia

Answer: Klaus von Klitzing

Answer: Gerd Binnig

Answer: Heinrich Rohrer

Answer: Ernst Ruska

William A. Fowler
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 9, Aug, 1911, Pittsburgh PA, USA
Died: 14, Mar, 1995, Pasadena CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"
Affiliation at the time of the award: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983.
Born: 19, Oct, 1910, Lahore, India (now Pakistan)
Died: 21, Aug, 1995, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Simon van der Meer
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands
Died: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Carlo Rubbia
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Klaus von Klitzing
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.
Born: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)
Prize motivation: "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
Prize share: 1/1

Gerd Binnig
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)
Prize motivation: "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/4

Heinrich Rohrer
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland
Died: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/4

Ernst Ruska
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany
Died: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany
Prize motivation: "for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1984 and 1987?

Answer: Jaroslav Seifert

Answer: Claude Simon

Answer: Wole Soyinka

Answer: Joseph Brodsky

Jaroslav Seifert
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984.
Born: 23, Sep, 1901, Prague, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic)
Died: 10, Jan, 1986, Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)
Prize motivation: "for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"
Prize share: 1/1

Claude Simon
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.
Born: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar
Died: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"
Prize share: 1/1

Wole Soyinka
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.
Born: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Prize motivation: "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"
Prize share: 1/1

Joseph Brodsky
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.
Born: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)
Died: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1984 and 1987?

Answer: Bruce Merrifield

Answer: Herbert A. Hauptman

Answer: Jerome Karle

Answer: Dudley R. Herschbach

Answer: John C. Polanyi

Answer: Yuan T. Lee

Answer: Charles J. Pedersen

Answer: Jean-Marie Lehn

Answer: Donald J. Cram

Bruce Merrifield
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984.
Born: 15, Jul, 1921, Fort Worth TX, USA
Died: 14, May, 2006, Cresskill NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Herbert A. Hauptman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.
Born: 14, Feb, 1917, New York NY, USA
Died: 23, Oct, 2011, Buffalo NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Jerome Karle
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985.
Born: 18, Jun, 1918, New York NY, USA
Died: 6, Jun, 2013, Annandale VA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., USA
Prize share: 1/2

Dudley R. Herschbach
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.
Born: 18, Jun, 1932, San José CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/3

John C. Polanyi
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.
Born: 23, Jan, 1929, Berlin, Germany
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Prize share: 1/3

Yuan T. Lee
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986.
Born: 19, Nov, 1936, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Prize motivation: "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Charles J. Pedersen
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.
Born: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)
Died: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Jean-Marie Lehn
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.
Born: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France
Prize motivation: "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
Prize share: 1/3

Donald J. Cram
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.
Born: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA
Died: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
Prize share: 1/3


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1984 and 1987?

Answer: Desmond Tutu

Answer: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

Answer: Elie Wiesel

Answer: Oscar Arias Sánchez

Desmond Tutu
The Nobel Peace Prize 1984.
Born: 7, Oct, 1931, Klerksdorp, South Africa
Died: 26, Dec, 2021, Cape Town, South Africa
Prize motivation: "for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa"

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
The Nobel Peace Prize 1985.
Founded: 1980
Prize motivation: "for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war"

Elie Wiesel
The Nobel Peace Prize 1986.
Born: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania
Died: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity"

Oscar Arias Sánchez
The Nobel Peace Prize 1987.
Born: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica
Prize motivation: "for his work for lasting peace in Central America"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1984 and 1987?

Answer: Niels K. Jerne

Answer: Georges J.F. Köhler

Answer: César Milstein

Answer: Joseph L. Goldstein

Answer: Michael S. Brown

Answer: Rita Levi-Montalcini

Answer: Stanley Cohen

Answer: Susumu Tonegawa

Niels K. Jerne
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 23, Dec, 1911, London, United Kingdom
Died: 7, Oct, 1994, Castillon-du-Gard, France
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

Georges J.F. Köhler
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 17, Apr, 1946, Munich, Germany
Died: 1, Mar, 1995, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

César Milstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1984.
Born: 8, Oct, 1927, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Died: 24, Mar, 2002, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Affiliation at the time of the award: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Joseph L. Goldstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Michael S. Brown
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Rita Levi-Montalcini
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy
Died: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy
Prize share: 1/2

Stanley Cohen
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA
Died: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Susumu Tonegawa
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.
Born: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan
Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1984 and 1987?

Answer: Richard Stone

Answer: Franco Modigliani

Answer: James M. Buchanan Jr.

Answer: Robert M. Solow

Richard Stone
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1984.
Born: 30, Aug, 1913, London, United Kingdom
Died: 6, Dec, 1991, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize motivation: "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/1

Franco Modigliani
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.
Born: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy
Died: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

James M. Buchanan Jr.
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.
Born: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA
Died: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Robert M. Solow
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.
Born: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1984 and 1987?

Answer: Simon van der Meer

Answer: Carlo Rubbia

Answer: Klaus von Klitzing

Answer: Gerd Binnig

Answer: Heinrich Rohrer

Answer: Ernst Ruska

Answer: K. Alex Müller

Answer: J. Georg Bednorz

Simon van der Meer
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 24, Nov, 1925, the Hague, the Netherlands
Died: 4, Mar, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Carlo Rubbia
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984.
Born: 31, Mar, 1934, Gorizia, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Klaus von Klitzing
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.
Born: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)
Prize motivation: "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
Prize share: 1/1

Gerd Binnig
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)
Prize motivation: "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/4

Heinrich Rohrer
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland
Died: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/4

Ernst Ruska
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany
Died: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany
Prize motivation: "for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
Prize share: 1/2

K. Alex Müller
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.
Born: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland
Died: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

J. Georg Bednorz
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.
Born: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)
Prize motivation: "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1985 and 1988?

Answer: Claude Simon

Answer: Wole Soyinka

Answer: Joseph Brodsky

Answer: Naguib Mahfouz

Claude Simon
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985.
Born: 10, Oct, 1913, Tananarive (now Antananarivo), Madagascar
Died: 6, Jul, 2005, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"
Prize share: 1/1

Wole Soyinka
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.
Born: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Prize motivation: "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"
Prize share: 1/1

Joseph Brodsky
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.
Born: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)
Died: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
Prize share: 1/1

Naguib Mahfouz
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.
Born: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt
Died: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt
Prize motivation: "who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1985 and 1988?

Answer: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

Answer: Elie Wiesel

Answer: Oscar Arias Sánchez

Answer: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
The Nobel Peace Prize 1985.
Founded: 1980
Prize motivation: "for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war"

Elie Wiesel
The Nobel Peace Prize 1986.
Born: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania
Died: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity"

Oscar Arias Sánchez
The Nobel Peace Prize 1987.
Born: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica
Prize motivation: "for his work for lasting peace in Central America"

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
The Nobel Peace Prize 1988.
Founded: 1948
Prize motivation: "for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1985 and 1988?

Answer: Joseph L. Goldstein

Answer: Michael S. Brown

Answer: Rita Levi-Montalcini

Answer: Stanley Cohen

Answer: Susumu Tonegawa

Answer: George H. Hitchings

Answer: Sir James W. Black

Answer: Gertrude B. Elion

Joseph L. Goldstein
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 18, Apr, 1940, Sumter SC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Michael S. Brown
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1985.
Born: 13, Apr, 1941, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Rita Levi-Montalcini
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy
Died: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy
Prize share: 1/2

Stanley Cohen
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA
Died: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Susumu Tonegawa
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.
Born: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan
Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

George H. Hitchings
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA
Died: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Sir James W. Black
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland
Died: 21, Mar, 2010
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Gertrude B. Elion
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA
Died: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1985 and 1988?

Answer: Franco Modigliani

Answer: James M. Buchanan Jr.

Answer: Robert M. Solow

Answer: Maurice Allais

Franco Modigliani
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1985.
Born: 18, Jun, 1918, Rome, Italy
Died: 25, Sep, 2003, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

James M. Buchanan Jr.
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.
Born: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA
Died: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Robert M. Solow
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.
Born: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Maurice Allais
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.
Born: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France
Died: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"
Affiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics between 1985 and 1988?

Answer: Klaus von Klitzing

Answer: Gerd Binnig

Answer: Heinrich Rohrer

Answer: Ernst Ruska

Answer: K. Alex Müller

Answer: J. Georg Bednorz

Answer: Jack Steinberger

Answer: Melvin Schwartz

Answer: Leon M. Lederman

Klaus von Klitzing
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985.
Born: 28, Jun, 1943, Schroda, German-occupied Poland (now Poland)
Prize motivation: "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
Prize share: 1/1

Gerd Binnig
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 20, Jul, 1947, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany (now Germany)
Prize motivation: "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/4

Heinrich Rohrer
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 6, Jun, 1933, Buchs, Switzerland
Died: 16, May, 2013, Wollerau, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/4

Ernst Ruska
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986.
Born: 25, Dec, 1906, Heidelberg, Germany
Died: 27, May, 1988, West Berlin, Germany
Prize motivation: "for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
Prize share: 1/2

K. Alex Müller
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.
Born: 20, Apr, 1927, Basel, Switzerland
Died: 9, Jan, 2023, Zurich, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

J. Georg Bednorz
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987.
Born: 16, May, 1950, Neuenkirchen, West Germany (now Germany)
Prize motivation: "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"
Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/2

Jack Steinberger
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.
Born: 25, May, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Germany
Died: 12, Dec, 2020, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
Affiliation at the time of the award: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/3

Melvin Schwartz
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.
Born: 2, Nov, 1932, New York NY, USA
Died: 28, Aug, 2006, Twin Falls ID, USA
Prize motivation: "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Digital Pathways Inc., Mountain View CA, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Leon M. Lederman
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.
Born: 15, Jul, 1922, New York NY, USA
Died: 3, Oct, 2018, Rexburg ID, USA
Prize motivation: "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia IL, USA
Prize share: 1/3


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1986 and 1989?

Answer: Wole Soyinka

Answer: Joseph Brodsky

Answer: Naguib Mahfouz

Answer: Camilo José Cela

Wole Soyinka
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986.
Born: 13, Jul, 1934, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Prize motivation: "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"
Prize share: 1/1

Joseph Brodsky
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.
Born: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)
Died: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
Prize share: 1/1

Naguib Mahfouz
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.
Born: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt
Died: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt
Prize motivation: "who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"
Prize share: 1/1

Camilo José Cela
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.
Born: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain
Died: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain
Prize motivation: "for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1986 and 1989?

Answer: Elie Wiesel

Answer: Oscar Arias Sánchez

Answer: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces

Answer: Lhamo Thondup

Elie Wiesel
The Nobel Peace Prize 1986.
Born: 30, Sep, 1928, Sighet, Romania
Died: 2, Jul, 2016, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity"

Oscar Arias Sánchez
The Nobel Peace Prize 1987.
Born: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica
Prize motivation: "for his work for lasting peace in Central America"

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
The Nobel Peace Prize 1988.
Founded: 1948
Prize motivation: "for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations"

Lhamo Thondup
The Nobel Peace Prize 1989.
Born: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)
Prize motivation: "for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1986 and 1989?

Answer: Rita Levi-Montalcini

Answer: Stanley Cohen

Answer: Susumu Tonegawa

Answer: George H. Hitchings

Answer: Sir James W. Black

Answer: Gertrude B. Elion

Answer: J. Michael Bishop

Answer: Harold E. Varmus

Rita Levi-Montalcini
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 22, Apr, 1909, Turin, Italy
Died: 30, Dec, 2012, Rome, Italy
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy
Prize share: 1/2

Stanley Cohen
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986.
Born: 17, Nov, 1922, Brooklyn NY, USA
Died: 5, Feb, 2020, Nashville TN, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of growth factors"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Susumu Tonegawa
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.
Born: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan
Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

George H. Hitchings
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA
Died: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Sir James W. Black
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland
Died: 21, Mar, 2010
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Gertrude B. Elion
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA
Died: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3

J. Michael Bishop
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.
Born: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Harold E. Varmus
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.
Born: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1986 and 1989?

Answer: James M. Buchanan Jr.

Answer: Robert M. Solow

Answer: Maurice Allais

Answer: Trygve Haavelmo

James M. Buchanan Jr.
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1986.
Born: 3, Oct, 1919, Murfreesboro TN, USA
Died: 9, Jan, 2013, Blacksburg VA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax VA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Robert M. Solow
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.
Born: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Maurice Allais
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.
Born: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France
Died: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"
Affiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France
Prize share: 1/1

Trygve Haavelmo
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.
Born: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway
Died: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway
Prize motivation: "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1987 and 1990?

Answer: Joseph Brodsky

Answer: Naguib Mahfouz

Answer: Camilo José Cela

Answer: Octavio Paz

Joseph Brodsky
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987.
Born: 24, May, 1940, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), USSR (now Russia)
Died: 28, Jan, 1996, New York NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
Prize share: 1/1

Naguib Mahfouz
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.
Born: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt
Died: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt
Prize motivation: "who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"
Prize share: 1/1

Camilo José Cela
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.
Born: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain
Died: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain
Prize motivation: "for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"
Prize share: 1/1

Octavio Paz
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.
Born: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico
Died: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico
Prize motivation: "for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1987 and 1990?

Answer: Charles J. Pedersen

Answer: Jean-Marie Lehn

Answer: Donald J. Cram

Answer: Hartmut Michel

Answer: Robert Huber

Answer: Johann Deisenhofer

Answer: Thomas R. Cech

Answer: Sidney Altman

Answer: Elias James Corey

Charles J. Pedersen
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.
Born: 3, Oct, 1904, Pusan, Korea (now South Korea)
Died: 26, Oct, 1989, Salem NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Du Pont, Wilmington DE, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Jean-Marie Lehn
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.
Born: 30, Sep, 1939, Rosheim, France
Prize motivation: "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
Prize share: 1/3

Donald J. Cram
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987.
Born: 22, Apr, 1919, Chester VT, USA
Died: 17, Jun, 2001, Palm Desert CA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Hartmut Michel
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.
Born: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)
Prize motivation: "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany
Prize share: 1/3

Robert Huber
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.
Born: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany
Prize motivation: "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
Prize share: 1/3

Johann Deisenhofer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.
Born: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany
Prize motivation: "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Thomas R. Cech
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.
Born: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Sidney Altman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.
Born: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada
Died: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Elias James Corey
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.
Born: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1987 and 1990?

Answer: Oscar Arias Sánchez

Answer: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces

Answer: Lhamo Thondup

Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

Oscar Arias Sánchez
The Nobel Peace Prize 1987.
Born: 13, Sep, 1940, Heredia, Costa Rica
Prize motivation: "for his work for lasting peace in Central America"

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
The Nobel Peace Prize 1988.
Founded: 1948
Prize motivation: "for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations"

Lhamo Thondup
The Nobel Peace Prize 1989.
Born: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)
Prize motivation: "for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people"

Mikhail Gorbachev
The Nobel Peace Prize 1990.
Born: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)
Died: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia
Prize motivation: "for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1987 and 1990?

Answer: Susumu Tonegawa

Answer: George H. Hitchings

Answer: Sir James W. Black

Answer: Gertrude B. Elion

Answer: J. Michael Bishop

Answer: Harold E. Varmus

Answer: Joseph E. Murray

Answer: E. Donnall Thomas

Susumu Tonegawa
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1987.
Born: 5, Sep, 1939, Nagoya, Japan
Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

George H. Hitchings
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA
Died: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Sir James W. Black
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland
Died: 21, Mar, 2010
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Gertrude B. Elion
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA
Died: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3

J. Michael Bishop
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.
Born: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Harold E. Varmus
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.
Born: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Joseph E. Murray
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.
Born: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA
Died: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

E. Donnall Thomas
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.
Born: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA
Died: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA
Prize share: 1/2


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Economics between 1987 and 1990?

Answer: Robert M. Solow

Answer: Maurice Allais

Answer: Trygve Haavelmo

Answer: Harry M. Markowitz

Answer: Merton H. Miller

Answer: William F. Sharpe

Robert M. Solow
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1987.
Born: 23, Aug, 1924, Brooklyn NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Maurice Allais
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1988.
Born: 31, May, 1911, Paris, France
Died: 9, Oct, 2010, Paris, France
Prize motivation: "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"
Affiliation at the time of the award: École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France
Prize share: 1/1

Trygve Haavelmo
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1989.
Born: 13, Dec, 1911, Skedsmo, Norway
Died: 26, Jul, 1999, Oslo, Norway
Prize motivation: "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Prize share: 1/1

Harry M. Markowitz
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.
Born: 24, Aug, 1927, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
Affiliation at the time of the award: City University of New York, New York NY, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Merton H. Miller
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.
Born: 16, May, 1923, Boston MA, USA
Died: 3, Jun, 2000, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
Prize share: 1/3

William F. Sharpe
The Nobel Prize in Economics 1990.
Born: 16, Jun, 1934, Boston MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
Prize share: 1/3


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature between 1988 and 1991?

Answer: Naguib Mahfouz

Answer: Camilo José Cela

Answer: Octavio Paz

Answer: Nadine Gordimer

Naguib Mahfouz
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988.
Born: 11, Dec, 1911, Cairo, Egypt
Died: 30, Aug, 2006, Cairo, Egypt
Prize motivation: "who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"
Prize share: 1/1

Camilo José Cela
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989.
Born: 11, May, 1916, Iria Flavia, Spain
Died: 17, Jan, 2002, Madrid, Spain
Prize motivation: "for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"
Prize share: 1/1

Octavio Paz
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990.
Born: 31, Mar, 1914, Mexico City, Mexico
Died: 19, Apr, 1998, Mexico City, Mexico
Prize motivation: "for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"
Prize share: 1/1

Nadine Gordimer
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991.
Born: 20, Nov, 1923, Springs, South Africa
Died: 13, Jul, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa
Prize motivation: "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry between 1988 and 1991?

Answer: Hartmut Michel

Answer: Robert Huber

Answer: Johann Deisenhofer

Answer: Thomas R. Cech

Answer: Sidney Altman

Answer: Elias James Corey

Answer: Richard R. Ernst

Hartmut Michel
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.
Born: 18, Jul, 1948, Ludwigsburg, West Germany (now Germany)
Prize motivation: "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany
Prize share: 1/3

Robert Huber
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.
Born: 20, Feb, 1937, Munich, Germany
Prize motivation: "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
Prize share: 1/3

Johann Deisenhofer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988.
Born: 30, Sep, 1943, Zusamaltheim, Germany
Prize motivation: "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas TX, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Thomas R. Cech
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.
Born: 8, Dec, 1947, Chicago IL, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Sidney Altman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989.
Born: 7, May, 1939, Montreal, Canada
Died: 5, Apr, 2022, Rockleigh NJ, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven CT, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Elias James Corey
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990.
Born: 12, Jul, 1928, Methuen MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
Prize share: 1/1

Richard R. Ernst
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991.
Born: 14, Aug, 1933, Winterthur, Switzerland
Died: 4, Jun, 2021, Winterthur, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
Prize share: 1/1


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Peace between 1988 and 1991?

Answer: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces

Answer: Lhamo Thondup

Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer: Aung San Suu Kyi

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
The Nobel Peace Prize 1988.
Founded: 1948
Prize motivation: "for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations"

Lhamo Thondup
The Nobel Peace Prize 1989.
Born: 6, Jul, 1935, Taktser, Tibet (now China)
Prize motivation: "for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people"

Mikhail Gorbachev
The Nobel Peace Prize 1990.
Born: 2, Mar, 1931, Privolnoye, USSR (now Russia)
Died: 30, Aug, 2022, Moscow, Russia
Prize motivation: "for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations"

Aung San Suu Kyi
The Nobel Peace Prize 1991.
Born: 19, Jun, 1945, Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar)
Prize motivation: "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"


Question: Who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1988 and 1991?

Answer: George H. Hitchings

Answer: Sir James W. Black

Answer: Gertrude B. Elion

Answer: J. Michael Bishop

Answer: Harold E. Varmus

Answer: Joseph E. Murray

Answer: E. Donnall Thomas

Answer: Bert Sakmann

Answer: Erwin Neher

George H. Hitchings
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 18, Apr, 1905, Hoquiam WA, USA
Died: 27, Feb, 1998, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3

Sir James W. Black
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 14, Jun, 1924, Uddingston, Scotland
Died: 21, Mar, 2010
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: London University King's College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
Prize share: 1/3

Gertrude B. Elion
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1988.
Born: 23, Jan, 1918, New York NY, USA
Died: 21, Feb, 1999, Chapel Hill NC, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park NC, USA
Prize share: 1/3

J. Michael Bishop
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.
Born: 22, Feb, 1936, York PA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Harold E. Varmus
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1989.
Born: 18, Dec, 1939, Oceanside NY, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco CA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Joseph E. Murray
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.
Born: 1, Apr, 1919, Milford MA, USA
Died: 26, Nov, 2012, Boston MA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

E. Donnall Thomas
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1990.
Born: 15, Mar, 1920, Mart TX, USA
Died: 20, Oct, 2012, Seattle WA, USA
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA
Prize share: 1/2

Bert Sakmann
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.
Born: 12, Jun, 1942, Stuttgart, Germany
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany
Prize share: 1/2

Erwin Neher
The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1991.
Born: 20, Mar, 1944, Landsberg, Germany
Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"
Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
Prize share: 1/2