author: Intrepid

subject: POOR ED CONRAD SUFFERING FROM PETRIFIED BRAIN-ITISPMRA

text:
<
https://profiles.google.com/100323648818682273614/about
<
ED CONRAD -- IQ 23 (Slightly higher than plant life)
<
What Ed Conrad's entire ugly mug shot really looks like.
<
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/Dartboard.jpg
<
============================
<
ONE HEMISPHERE OF ED CONRAD'S PETRIFIED BRAIN
<
http://www.edconrad.com/
pics/HumanBrain.jpg
<
===========================
<
How Ed Conrad sizes up the evolutionists
<
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/SaveTheWhale.jpg
<
OR (if there are no kiddies looking over your shoulder)
<
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/TogjtFit.jg
<
A FEW OF ED''S MIND-BOGGLING DISCOVERIES BETWEEN COAL VEINS
<
PETRIFIED HUMAN SKULL EMBEDDED IN BOULDER
<
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/Skullx.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/skullb.jpg
<
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/FINGERSx.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/z11calv.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/OldestHumanSkull.JPG
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/z8femur.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/FOSSILS08/HumanFemur.jpg
<
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/newtibia.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/HumanJaw3.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/MoreFossils.jpg
ttp://www.edconrad.com/pics/GallBladder1.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/GallBladder2.jpg
<
OTHER DISCOVERIES BETWEEN COAL VEINS
<
WORLD'S OLDEST TOOL
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/OldestTool.jpg
<
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/InSlate3.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/InSlate2.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/InSlate11.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/FirstDiscovery.jpg
http://www.edconrad.com/pics/OldestTool.jpg
<
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.news-media/msg/bab83659be4367eb
<
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.fan.ed-conrad/msg/0d746d1874428c2d
<
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.fan.ed-conrad/msg/1c890cc6b0147f2e
<
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.fan.rush-limbaugh/msg/8352f34f26f7...
<
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med/msg/95da998f68477f0b
<
ED CONRAD'S WEB PAGES:
<
http://www.edconrad.org
and
http://www.edconrad.com
<
==================
<
WORLD'S TOP-RANKED  UNIVERSITIES
<
Study Real Hard So You Can Become Almost As Smart As Ed Conrad
<
Rank    Name of University      Country
1 Harvard University                   USA
2 University of Oxford                   UK
3 University of Cambridge            UK
4 Stanford University                   USA
5 Mass. Institute of Technology   USA
6 University of California, Berkeley USA
7 California Institute of Technology USA
8 Princeton University                   USA
9 Yale University                           USA
10 University of Chicago                USA
11 Columbia University                 USA
12 University of California, San Diego USA
13 Cornell University                     USA
14 University of California, Los Angeles USA
15 University Pennsylvania USA
16 University of Wisconsin, Madison USA
17 University of Washington, Seattle USA
18 Tokyo University Japan
19 Univ. of California, San Francisco USA
20 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor USA
21 Kyoto University Japan
22 Imperial College London UK
23 Johns Hopkins University USA
24 University of Toronto Canada
25 University College London UK
26 University of Illinois, Urbana USA
27 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich Switzerland
28 Washington University, St. Louis USA
29 New York University USA
30 Duke University USA
31 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities USA
32 Northwestern University USA
33 Rockefeller University USA
34 University of Colorado, Boulder USA
35 Univ.of California, Santa Barbara USA
36 University of British Columbia Canada
37 University of Maryland, College Park USA
38 Utrecht University Netherlands
39 University of Texas, Austin USA
40 University of Texas SW Med Center USA
41 Penn State University, University Park
42 University of California, Davis USA
43 Vanderbilt University USA
44 University of California, Irvine USA
45 University of Paris 06 France
46 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh USA
47 University of Southern California USA
48 Rutgers University, New Brunswick USA
49 University of Manchester UK
50 Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Sweden
51 University of Munich Germany
52 Technical University of Munich Germany
53 University of Florida USA
54 University of Edinburgh UK
55 Australian National University Australia
56 Carnegie Mellon University USA
57 University of Copenhagen Denmark
58 University of Zurich Switzerland
59 Hebrew University, Jerusalem Israel
60 Osaka University Japan
61 McGill University Canada
62 University of Bristol UK
63 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
64 Uppsala University Sweden
65 Ohio State University, Columbus USA
66 University of Paris 11 France
67 University of Sheffield UK
68 University of Heidelberg Germany
69 University of Oslo Norway
70 Case Western Reserve University USA
71 Moscow State University Russia
72 University of Leiden Netherlands
73 Purdue University, West Lafayette USA
74 University of Helsinki Finland
75 University of Rochester USA
76 University of Melbourne Australia
77 Tohoku University Japan
78 University of Nottingham UK
79 University of Arizona USA
80 Michigan State University USA
81 King's College London UK
82 Boston University USA
83 University of Basel Switzerland
84 Stockholm University Sweden
85 Brown University USA
86 University of Goettingen Germany
87 Rice University USA
88 Texas A&M Univ. College Station USA
89 Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan
90 University of Birmingham UK
91 University of Utah USA
92 University of Freiburg Germany
93 McMaster University Canada
94 Nagoya University Japan
95 University of Iowa USA
96 University of Strasbourg 1 France
97 Ecole Normale Super Paris France
98 Indiana University, Bloomington USA
99 Arizona State University, Tempe USA
100 University of Rome La Sapienza Italy

<
A FEW U.S. COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES
       (Evolution Brainwash Factories)
<
Abilene Christian University
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College
Academy of Art College
Adams State College
Adelphi University
Adrian College
Agnes Scott College
Air Force Institute of Technology
Air University
Alabama A&M University
Alabama State University
Alaska Bible College
Alaska Pacific University
Albany State University
Albertson College of Idaho
Albertus Magnus College
Albion College
Albright College
Alcorn State University
Alderson-Broaddus College
Alexandria University
Alfred State College, State University of New York College of
Technology
Alfred University
Allegheny College
Allen College
Allen University
Allentown College
Alliant International University
Alma College
Alvernia College
Alverno College
Amberton University
American Bible College and Seminary
American Coastline University
The American College
American Global University
American Graduate School of International Management
American Institute for Computer Sciences
American InterContinental University
American International College
American Military University
American Public University
American Schools of Professional Psychology
American University
American University of Hawaii
Amherst College
Anderson College
Anderson University
Andrew Jackson University
Andrews University
Angelo State University
Anna Maria College
Antioch College
Antioch New England Graduate School
Antioch University Los Angeles
Antioch University Santa Barbara
Antioch University Seattle
Antioch University Yellow Springs OH
Apache University
Appalachian School of Law
Appalachian State University
Aquinas College
Arcadia University
Arizona International College
Arizona State University
Arizona State University West
Arkansas State University
Arkansas Tech University
Arlington Baptist College
Armstrong State University
Art Center College of Design
The Art Institute of Phoenix
The Art Institute of Southern California
The Art Institute of Washington
Asbury College
Ashland University
Assumption College
Athena University
Athens State College
Atlantic Union College
Auburn University
Auburn University, Montgomery
Audrey Cohen College
Augsburg College
Augusta State University
Augustana College, Rock Island Illinois
Augustana College, Sioux Falls South Dakota
Aurora University
Austin College
Austin Peay State University
Averett College
Avila College
Azusa Pacific University
- B -
Babson College
Baker College
Baker University
Baldwin-Wallace College
Ball State University
Baltimore Hebrew University
Bank Street College of Education
Baptist Bible College and Seminary
The Baptist College of Florida
Bard College
Barclay College
Barnard College
Barrington University
Barry University
Barton College
Bastyr University
Bates College
Bay Path College
Baylor College of Dentistry
Baylor College of Medicine
Baylor University
Belhaven College
Bellarmine College
Bellevue University
Belmont Abbey College
Belmont University
Beloit College
Bemidji State Univeristy
Benedict College
Benedictine College
Benedictine University
Bennett College
Bennington College
Bentley College
Berea College
Berkeley College
Berklee College of Music
Berry College
Bethany Bible College
Bethany College, West Virginia
Bethany College, Lindsborg, KS
Bethany College, Scotts Valley, CA
Bethany Lutheran College
Bethel College and Seminary, Saint Paul Minnesota
Bethel College, McKenzie, Tennessee
Bethel College, Mishawaka, Indiana
Bethel College, Newton, Kansas
Bethune-Cookman College
Bienville University
Biola University
Birmingham-Southern College
Black Hills State University
Blackburn College
Bloomfield College
Bloomsburg University
Bluefield College
Bluefield State College
Bluffton College
Bob Jones University
Boise State University
The Boston Architectural Center
Boston College
Boston Conservatory
Boston University
Bowdoin College
Bowie State University
Bowling Green State University
Bradford College
Bradley University
Brandeis University
Brenau University
Brewton-Parker College
Briar Cliff University
Bridgewater College
Bridgewater State College
Brigham Young University
Brigham Young University Hawaii
Brigham Young University Idaho
Brooklyn College
Brooklyn Law School
Brown University
Bryant College
Bryn Mawr College
Bucknell University
Buena Vista University
Buffalo State
Butler University
- C -
C. R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
Caldwell College
California Baptist University
California Coast University
California College of Arts and Crafts
California College for Health Sciences
California College of Podiatric Medicine
California Institute of the Arts
California Institute for Human Science
California Institute of Integral Studies
California Institute of Technology
California Lutheran University
The California Maritime Academy
California National University for Advanced Studies
California Pacific University
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
California State University, Bakersfield
California State University, Channel Islands
California State University, Chico
California State University, Dominguez Hills
California State University, Fresno
California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Hayward
California State University, Long Beach
California State University, Los Angeles
California State University, Monterey
California State University, Northridge
California State University, Sacramento
California State University, San Bernardino
California State University, San Marcos
California State University, Stanislaus
California University of Pennsylvania
Calumet College of St. Joseph
Calvin College
Cambridge College
Cameron University
Campbell University
Campbellsville University
Canisius College
Canyon College
Capella University
Capital University
Capitol College
Cardinal Stritch University
Carleton College
Carlow College
Carnegie Institution of Washington
Carnegie Mellon University
Carroll College, Helena, MT
Carroll College, Waukesha, WI
Carson-Newman College
Carthage College
Case Western Reserve University
Castleton State College
Catawba College
The Catholic University of America
Cazenovia College
Cedar Crest College
Cedarville University
Centenary College of Louisiana
Centenary College of New Jersey
Center for Creative Studies College of Art and Design
Central College
Central Connecticut State University
Central Methodist College
Central Michigan University
Central Missouri State University
Central State University
Central Washington University
Centre College, Danville Kentucky
Century University
Chadron State College
Chadwick University
Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaii
Champlain College
Chapman University
Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
Charleston Southern University
Charter Oak State College
Chatham College
Cheyney University of Pennsylvania
Chicago-Kent College of Law
Chicago School of Professional Psychology
Chicago State University
Chowan College
Christendom College
Christian Bible College and Seminary
Christian Brothers University
Christopher Newport University
Circleville Bible College
The Citadel
City Colleges of Chicago
City University, Bellevue Washington
City University of Los Angeles
City University of New York
Claflin College
Claremont Graduate University
Claremont McKenna College
Clarion University
Clark Atlanta University
Clark College
Clark University
Clarke College
Clarkson University
Clayton College and State University
Clayton College of Natural Health
Clemson University
Clear Creek Baptist Bible College
Cleary College
Cleveland Chiropractic College
Cleveland Institute of Art
Cleveland Institute of Music
Cleveland State University
Clinch Valley College
Coastal Carolina University
Coe College
Cogswell Polytechnical College
Coker College
Colby College
Colby-Sawyer College
Colgate University
Coleman College
College of Aeronautics
College of the Atlantic
College of Charleston
College of Eastern Utah
College of the Holy Cross
The College of Insurance
College for Lifelong Learning
The College of Metaphysical Studies
College Misericordia
College of Mount Saint Joseph
The College of New Jersey
College of New Rochelle
College of Notre Dame of Maryland
College of the Ozarks
College of Saint Benedict
College of Saint Catherine
College of Saint Elizabeth
College of Saint Mary
College of Saint Scholastica
The College of Saint Thomas More
The College of Saint Rose
The College of Santa Fe
College of the Southwest
College of William and Mary
The College of Wooster
Colorado Christian University
Colorado College
Colorado School of Mines
Colorado State University
Colorado Technical University
Columbia College
Columbia College of Missouri
Columbia International University
Columbia Southern University
Columbia Union College
Columbia University
Columbus State University
Concord College
Concordia College, Ann Arbor Michigan
Concordia College, Austin Texas
Concordia College, Bronxville, New York
Concordia College, Moorhead Minnesota
Concordia College, Saint Paul Minnesota
Concordia College, Selma Alabama
Concordia College, Seward Nebraska
Concordia University, Irvine California
Concordia University, Mequon Wisconsin
Concordia University, Portland Oregon
Concordia University, River Forest Illinois
Connecticut College
Converse College
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
Coppin State College
Cornell College, Iowa
Corcoran College of Art + Design
Cornell University
Cornerstone University
Cornish College of the Arts
Cottey College
Covenant College
Creighton University
Crichton College
Crown College
Culver-Stockton College
Cumberland College
Cumberland University
Curry College
Cypress College
- D -
Daemen College
Dakota State University
Dakota Wesleyan University
Dallas Baptist University
Dallas Theological Seminary
Dana College
Daniel Webster College
Dartmouth College
Davenport College
Davidson College
Davis and Elkins College
Dawson College
Dean College
Deep Springs College
Defiance College
Delaware State University
Delaware Valley College
Delta College
Delta State University
Denison University
Denver Seminary
DePaul University
DePauw University
DeSales University
DeVry University
DeVry University, Columbus
Diablo Valley College
Dickinson College
Dickinson State University
Dillard University
Dixie State College
Doane College
Dominican College
Dominican University
Dominican University of California
Dordt College
Dowling College
Drake University
Drew University
Drexel University
Drury University
Duke University
Duquesne University
D'Youville College
- E -
Earlham College
East Carolina University
East Central University, Ada Oklahoma
East Stroudsburg State University
East Tennessee State University
East Texas Baptist University
East-West University
Eastern College
Eastern Connecticut State University
Eastern Illinois University
Eastern Kentucky University
Eastern Mennonite University
Eastern Michigan University
Eastern Nazarene College
Eastern New Mexico University
Eastern Oregon University
Eastern Washington University
Eckerd College
Edgewood College
Ediacara University -- David Iain Greig, president
Edinboro University of Pennsylvania
Edward Waters College
Elizabeth City State University
Elizabethtown College
Elmhurst College
Elmira College
Elms College
Elon University
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Emerson College
Emmanuel College
Emmaus Bible College
Emory University
Emory & Henry College
Empire State College
Emporia State University
Endicott College
Erskine College
Eureka College
Evangel University
Everglades College
Evergreen State College
Excelsior College
- F -
Fairfield University
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Fairmont State College
Faith Baptist Bible College and Theological Seminary
Faulkner University
Fayetteville State University
Felician College
Ferris State University
Ferrum College
Fielding Graduate Institute
Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School
Fisk University
Fitchburg State College
Flagler College
Florida A & M University
Florida Atlantic University
Florida Christian College
Florida Gulf Coast University
Florida Institute of Technology
Florida International University
Florida Memorial College
Florida Metropolitan University
Florida Southern College
Florida State University
Fontbonne College
Fordham University
Forest Institute of Professional Psychology
Fort Hays State University
Fort Lewis College
Fort Valley State University
Framingham State College
Francis Marion University
Franciscan University of Steubenville
Franklin and Marshall College
Franklin College
Franklin Pierce College
Franklin Pierce Law Center
Franklin University
Freed-Hardeman University
Freewill Baptist Bible College
Fresno Pacific University
Friends University
Frostburg State University
Fuller Theological Seminary
Fullerton College
Furman University
- G -
Gallaudet University
Gannon University
Gardner-Webb University
Geneva College
George Fox University
George Mason University
George Washington University
Georgetown College
Georgetown University
Georgian Court College
Georgia College and State University
Georgia Institute of Technology
Georgia Perimeter College
Georgia Southern University
Georgia Southwestern State University
Georgia State University
Georgian Court College
Gettysburg College
Glenville State College
Globe Institute of Technology
Goddard College
Golden Gate University
Golden State Baptist College
Goldey-Beacom College
Gonzaga University
Gooding Institute of Nurse Anesthesia
Gordon College
Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
Goshen College
Goucher College
Governors State University
Grace College
Grace University
Graceland University
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Grambling State University
Grand Canyon University
Grand Valley State University
Grand View College
Grantham University
Green Mountain College
Greenleaf University
Greensboro College
Greenville College
Greenwich University
Grinnell College
Grove City College
Guilford College
Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, Minnesota
Gwynedd-Mercy College
- H -
Hamilton College
Hamilton University
Hamline University
Hampden-Sydney College
Hampshire College
Hampton University
Hannibal-LaGrange College
Hanover College
Hardin-Simmons University
Harding University
Harris-Stowe State College
Hartwick College
Harvard University
Harvey Mudd College
Hastings College
Haverford College
Hawaii Pacific University
Hebrew College
Heidelberg College
Henderson State Univerisity
Hendrix College
Henry Cogswell College
Heritage College
Hesser College
Hesston College
High Point University
Hilbert College
Hillsdale College
Hillsdale Freewill Baptist College
Hiram College
Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Hofstra University
Hollins University
Holy Cross College, Notre Dame Indiana
Holy Family College
Hood College
Hope College
Houghton College
Houston Baptist University
Howard Payne University
Howard University
Humboldt State University
Hunter College
Huntingdon College
Huntington College
Huron University
Husson College
Huston-Tillotson College
- I -
Idaho State University
Illinois College
Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois State University
Illinois Wesleyan University
Immaculata College
Indiana Institute Technologyy
Indiana State University
Indiana Wesleyan University
Indiana University
Indiana University Northwest
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Indiana University at South Bend
Indiana University Southeast
Indiana University - Purdue University, Columbus
Indiana University - Purdue University, Fort Wayne
Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis
Institute for Christian Works
Institute of Computer Technology
Institute of Paper Science and Technology
Institute for Transpersonal Psychology
Inter American University of Puerto Rico
International College
International Fine Arts College
International Institue of the Americas
International Reform University
Iona College
Iowa State University
Iowa Wesleyan College
Ithaca College
- J -
Jackson State University
Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville University
James Madison University
Jamestown College
Jarvis Christian College
Jewish Theological Seminary
John Brown University
John Carroll University
John F. Kennedy University
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
The Johns Hopkins University
Johnson Bible College
Johnson and Wales University
Johnson C. Smith University
Joint Military Intelligence College
Jones College
Jones International University
Judson College, Marion AL
Judson College, Elgin IL
The Julliard School
Juniata College
- K -
Kalamazoo College
Kansas City Art Institute
Kansas Newman College
Kansas State University
Kansas Wesleyan University
Kean University
Keck Graduate Institute
Keene State College
Keiser College
Kennedy-Western University
Kennesaw State University
Kent State University
Kentucky Christian College
Kentucky State University
Kentucky Wesleyan College
Kenyon College
Kettering University
Keuka College
King College
King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA
The King's College, New York City, NY
Knox College
Knox Theological Seminary
Kutztown University of Pennsylvania
- L -
La Roche College
La Salle University
La Sierra University
Lafayette College
LaGrange College
Lake Erie College
Lake Forest College
Lake Superior State University
Lakeland College
Lamar University
Lambuth University
Lancaster Bible College
Lancaster Theological Seminary
Lander University
Landmark College
Langston University
Lane College
Lasell College
Lawrence Technological University
Lawrence University
Le Moyne College
Lebanon Valley College
Lee College
Lee University
Lees-McRae College
Lehigh Univervsity
LeMoyne-Owen College
Lenoir-Rhyne College
Lenox Institute of Water Technology
Lesley University
LeTourneau University
Lewis & Clark College
Lewis-Clark State College
Lewis University
Liberty University
Life University
Limestone College
Lincoln Christian College and Seminary
Lincoln College
Lincoln Memorial University
Lincoln University, Jefferson City Missouri
Lincoln University, San Francisco California
Lincoln University of Pennsylvania
Lindenwood College
Lindsey Wilson College
Linfield College
Lipscomb University
Lock Haven University
Logan College of Chiropractic
Loma Linda University
Long Island University
Longwood College
Loras College
Louisburg College
Louisiana Baptist Universty
Louisiana College
Louisiana State University at Baton Rouge
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans
Louisiana State University at Shreveport
Louisiana Tech University
Loyola College, Baltimore
Loyola Marymount University
Loyola University, Chicago
Loyola University, New Orleans
Lubbock Christian University
Luther College
Luther Seminary
Lutheran Bible Institute
Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg
Lycoming College
Lyme Academy of Fine Arts
Lynchburg College
Lyndon State College
Lynn University
Lyon College
- M -
Macalester College
MacMurray College
Madonna University
Maharishi University of Management
Maine College of Art
Maine Maritime Academy
Malone College
Manchester College
Manhattan College
Manhattanville College
Mansfield University
Maranatha Baptist Bible College
Marian College
Marietta College
Marlboro College
Marist College
Marquette University
Mars Hill College
Marshall University
Mary Baldwin College
Mary Washington College
Maryland Institute, College of Art
Marylhurst University
Marymount College
Marymount Manhattan College
Marymount University
Maryville College
Maryville University of Saint Louis
Marywood University
Massachusetts College of Art
Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology
The Master's College
The Mayo Foundation
Mayville State University
The McGregor School of Antioch University
McKendree College
McMurry University
McNeese State University
MCP Hahnemann University
McPherson College
Medaille College
Medical College of Georgia
Medical College of Ohio
Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University
Medical College of Wisconsin
Medical University of South Carolina
Meharry Medical College
Menlo College
Mercer University
Mercy College
Mercy College of Health Sciences
Mercyhurst College
Meredith College
Merrimack College
Mesa State College
Messiah College
Methodist College
Methodist Theological School in Ohio
Metropolitan College
Metropolitan State College of Denver
Metropolitan State University
Miami Christian University
Miami University of Ohio
Michigan State University
Michigan Technological University
Mid-America Nazarene University
Middle Georgia College
Middle Tennessee State University
Middlebury College
Midwestern Baptist College
Midwestern State University
Miles College
Millersville University
Milligan College
Millikin University
Mills College
Millsaps College
Milwaukee School of Engineering
Minneapolis College of Art and Design
Minnesota State University Mankato
Minnesota State University Moorhead
Minot State University
Minot State University--Bottineau
Mississippi College
Mississippi State University
Mississippi University for Women
Mississippi Valley State University
Missouri Baptist College
Missouri Southern State College
Missouri Tech
Missouri Valley College
Missouri Western State College
Mitchell College
Molloy College
Monmouth College, Monmouth Illinois
Monmouth University, West Long Branch New Jersey
Monroe College
Montana State University-Billings
Montana State University-Bozeman
Montana State University College of Technology, Great Falls
Montana State University-Northern Havre
Montana Tech
Montclair State University
Monterey College of Law
Monterey Institute of International Studies
Montreat College
Moravian College
Morehead State University
Morehouse College
Morehouse School of Medicine
Morgan State University
Morningside College
Morris Brown College
Morris College
Mount Aloysius College
Mount Holyoke College
Mount Ida College
Mount Marty College
Mount Mary College
Mount Mercy College
Mount Olive College
Mount St. Clare College
Mount St. Mary's College and Seminary, Emmitsburg Maryland
Mount St. Mary's College, Los Angeles California
Mount Senario College
Mt. Sierra College
Mount Union College
Mount Vernon Nazarene College
Mountain State University
Muhlenberg College
Murray State University
Muskingum College
- N -
Naropa University
National American University
National Defense University
The National Graduate School
National-Louis University
National Technological University
National University
The Naval Postgraduate School
Nazarene Bible College
Nazareth College
Nebraska Methodist College
Nebraska Wesleyan University
Neumann College
New Brunswick Theological Seminary
New College of Florida
New England College of Optometry
New England Conservatory of Music
New England Institute of Technology
New England School of Communications
New Jersey City University
New Jersey Institute of Technology
New Mexico Highlands University
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
New Mexico State University
New School University
New World School of the Arts
New York Academy of Art
New York Institute of Technology
New York Law School
New York University
Newberry College
Newport University
Niagara University
Nicholls State University
Nichols College
Norfolk State University
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
North Carolina Central University
North Carolina School of the Arts
North Carolina State University
North Carolina Wesleyan College
North Central College
North Central University
North Dakota State University--Fargo
North Georgia College and State University, the Military College of
Georgia
North Greenville College
North Park University
Northeastern Illinois University
Northeastern University
Northeastern State University
Northern Arizona University
Northern Illinois University
Northern Kentucky University
Northern Michigan University
Northern State University
Northland College
Northwest Christian College
Northwest College
Northwest College of Art
Northwest Missouri State University
Northwest Nazarene University
Northwestern Oklahoma State University
Northwestern State University, Louisiana
Northwestern College, Iowa
Northwestern College, Saint Paul, MN
Northwestern Michigan College
Northwestern University
Northwood University
Norwich University
Notre Dame College of Ohio
Notre Dame de Namur University
Nova Southeastern University
Nyack College
- O -
Oakland University
Oakwood College
Oberlin College
Occidental College
Oglethorpe University
Ohio Dominican College
Ohio Northern University
The Ohio State University
Ohio University
Ohio Valley College
Ohio Wesleyan University
Oklahoma Baptist University
Oklahoma Christian University
Oklahoma City University
Oklahoma Panhandle State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University Tulsa
Oklahoma Wesleyan University
Old Dominion University
Olin College of Engineering
Olivet College
Olivet Nazarene University
The Open University
Oral Roberts University
Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology
Oregon Health Sciences University
Oregon Institute of Technology
Oregon State University
Otterbein College
Ottawa University
Ouachita Baptist University
Our Lady of the Lake University
Our Lady of Holy Cross College
- P -
Pace University
Pacific College of Oriental Medicine
Pacific Lutheran University
Pacific Northwest College of Art
Pacific States University
Pacific Union College
Pacific University
Paine College
Palm Beach Atlantic College
Palmer College of Chiropractic
Park University
Parsons School of Design
Patten College
Patrick Henry College
Paul Quinn College
Paul Smith's College
Peace College
Pennsylvania College of Technology
The Pennsylvania State University
Pennsylvania State University at Altoona
Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley
Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg
Pennsylvania State University, Worthington Scranton
Pensacola Christian College
Pepperdine University
Peru State College
Pfeiffer University
Pickering University
Piedmont College
Pine Manor College
Pittsburg State University
Philadelphia Biblical University
Philadelphia University
Philander Smith College
Phillips University
Pitzer College
Plymouth State University, Plymouth New Hampshire
Point Loma Nazarene College
Point Park College
Polytechnic University of New York
Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico
Pomona College
Portland State University
Potomac College
Prairie View A & M University
Pratt Institute
Presbyterian College
Prescott College
Preston University
Princeton University
Principia College
Providence College
Purdue University
- Q -
Queens College
Quincy University
Quinnipiac College
- R -
Radford University
Ramapo College of New Jersey
Randolph-Macon College
Randolph-Macon Woman's College
Reed College
Regent University
Regis College
Regis University
Reinhardt College
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rhode Island College
Rhode Island School of Design
Rhodes College
Rice University
The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey
Rider University
Ringling School of Art and Design
Ripon College
Rivier College
Roanoke College
Robert Morris College, Illinois
Robert Morris College, Pittsburgh, PA
Roberts Wesleyan College
Rochester Institute of Technology
Rochester College
The Rockefeller University
Rockford College
Rockhurst University
Rocky Mountain College
Roger Williams University
Rogers State University
Rollins College
Roosevelt University
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Rosemont College
Rowan University
Rush University
Russell Sage College
Rust College
Rutgers University
Rutgers University-Camden
Rutgers University-Newark
Ryokan College
- S -
Sacred Heart University
Sacred Heart University, Puerto Rico
The Sage Colleges
Saginaw Valley State University
Saint Ambrose University
Saint Andrews Presbyterian College
Saint Anselm College
Saint Anthony College of Nursing
Saint Augustine's College
Saint Bonaventure University
Saint Cloud State University
Saint Edwards University
Saint Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, New York
Saint Francis College, Fort Wayne, Indiana
Saint Francis College, Loretto, Pennsylvania
St. Gregory's University
Saint John Fisher College
Saint John's College
Saint John's University, Collegeville Minnesota
Saint John's University, Jamaica New York
Saint Joseph College
Saint Joseph's College
Saint Joseph's College of Maine
Saint Joseph's University
Saint Lawrence University
Saint Leo University
Saint Louis University
Saint Martin's College
Saint Mary College
Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College
Saint Mary's College
Saint Mary's College of California
Saint Mary's College of Maryland
Saint Mary's University of Minnesota
Saint Mary's University of San Antonio
Saint Meinrad's School of Theology
Saint Michael's College
Saint Norbert College
Saint Olaf College
Saint Paul's College
Saint Peter's College
Saint Rose College
Saint Thomas Aquinas College
Saint Thomas University
Saint Vincent College
Saint Xavier University
Salem College
Salem International University
Salem State College
Salisbury State University
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Salve Regina University
Sam Houston State University
Samford University
Samuel Merritt College
San Diego State University
San Francisco Art Institute
San Francisco Law School
San Francisco State University
San Joaquin College of Law
San Jose Christian College
San Jose State University
Santa Clara University
Sarah Lawrence College
Saratoga University School of Law
Sarah Lawrence College
Savannah College of Art and Design
Savannah State University
Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center
Schiller International University
School for International Training
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
School of Islamic and Social Sciences
School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
School of the Visual Arts
Schreiner College
Scripps College
The Scripps Research Institute
Seattle Pacific University
Seattle University
Seton Hall University
Seton Hill College
Shasta Bible College
Shawnee State University
Shaw University
Sheffield School of Interior Design
Sheldon Jackson College
Shenandoah University
Shepherd College
Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic
Shimer College
Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania
Shorter College
Siena College
Siena Heights University
Silver Lake College
Simmons College
Simon's Rock College
Simpson College, Redding California
Simpson College, Indianola Iowa
Skidmore College
Slippery Rock University
Smith Chapel Bible College
Smith College
Soka University of America
Sonoma State University
South Carolina State University
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
South Dakota State University
South Pacific University
South Texas College of Law
Southampton College
Southeast College of Technology
Southeast Missouri State University
Southeastern College
Southeastern Louisiana University
Southeastern Oklahoma State University
Southeastern University
Southern Adventist University
Southern Arkansas University
Southern California University of Health Sciences
Southern California University of Professional Studies
Southern Connecticut State University
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville
Southern Illinois University Medical School at Springsfield
Southern Methodist University
Southern Nazarene University
Southern New Hampshire University
Southern Oregon State College
Southern Polytechnic State Univerisity
Southern Vermont College
Southern Virginia University
Southern Wesleyan University
Southern University, Baton Rouge
Southern University, New Orleans
Southern University, Shreveport-Bossier City
Southern Utah University
Southwest Baptist University
Southwest Bible College and Seminary
Southwest Missouri State University
Southwest State University
Southwest Texas State University
Southwestern Adventist University
Southwestern Assemblies of God University
Southwestern College
Southwestern Oklahoma State University
Southwestern University
Southwestern University School of Law
Spalding University
Spartanburg Methodist College
Spelman College
Spertus College
Spring Arbor College
Spring Hill College
Springfield College
Stamford International College
Stanford University
State University of New York at Albany
State University of New York at Binghamton
State University of New York at Buffalo
State University of New York at Oswego
State University of New York at Stony Brook
State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology,
Cobleskill
State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology,
Morrisville
State University of New York College at Brockport
State University of New York College at Buffalo (Buffalo State
College)
State University of New York College at Cortland
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and
Forestry
State University of New York College at Farmingdale
State University of New York College at Fredonia
State University of New York College at Geneseo
State University of New York College Maritime College at Fort
Schuyler
State University of New York College at New Paltz
State University of New York College at Old Westbury
State University of New York College at Oneonta
State University of New York College at Oswego
State University of New York College at Plattsburgh
State University of New York College at Potsdam
State University of New York College at Purchase
State University of New York Institute of Technology at Canton
State University of New York Institute of Technology at Delhi
State University of New York Institute of Technology at Utica/Rome
State University of West Georgia
The Stefan University
Stephen F. Austin State University
Stephens College
Sterling College, Sterling Kansas
Sterling College, Kansas
Sterling College, Vermont
Stetson University
Stevens-Henager College
Stevens Institute of Technology
Stillman College
Stonehill College
Strayer University
Suffolk University
Sul Ross State University
Summit University of Louisiana
Susquehanna University
Swarthmore College
Sweet Briar College
Syracuse University
- T -
Tabor College
Talladega College
Tarleton State University
Taylor University
Teachers College
Teikyo Marycrest University
Teikyo Post University
Temple University
Tennessee State University
Tennessee Technological University
Tennessee Temple University
Tennessee Wesleyan College
Texas A&M International University
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M University, Commerce
Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi
Texas A&M University, Galveston
Texas A&M University, Kingsville
Texas A&M University, Texarkana
Texas Christian University
Texas Lutheran University
Texas Southern University
Texas Tech University
Texas Wesleyan University
Texas Woman's University
Thiel College
Thomas Aquinas College, Santa Paula CA
Thomas Edison State College
Thomas College
Thomas Cooley Law School
Thomas More College
Thomas Jefferson University
Toccoa Falls College
Tougaloo College
Touro College
Towson University
The Transworld University
Transylvania University
Trevecca Nazarene University
Trinity Baptist College
Trinity Christian College
Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut
Trinity College of Florida
Trinity College, Washington DC
Trinity College of Vermont
Trinity International University
Trinity University
Tri-State University
Troy State University
Troy State University - Dothan
Truman State University
Tufts University
Tulane University
Tusculum College
Tuskegee University
- U -
Uniformed Services Universty of the Health Sciences
Union College, Barbourville KY
Union College
Union Theological Seminary
Union University
The Union Institute
United States Air Force Academy
United States Coast Guard Academy
United States Merchant Marine Academy
United States Military Academy
United States Naval Academy
United States Open University
United States Sports Academy
Unity College
University of Action Learning at Boulder
University of Advancing Technology
University of Akron
University of Alabama
University of Alabama, Birmingham
University of Alabama, Huntsville
University of Alaska, Anchorage
University of Alaska, Fairbanks
University of Alaska, Southeast
University of Arizona
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas at Little Rock
University of Arkansas at Monticello
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
University of the Arts
University of Baltimore
University of Bridgeport
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Davis
University of California, Hastings College of Law
University of California, Irvine
University of California, Los Angeles
University of California, Merced
University of California, Riverside
University of California, San Diego
University of California, San Francisco
University of California, Santa Barbara
University of California, Santa Cruz
University of Central Arkansas
University of Central Florida
University of Central Oklahoma
University of Charleston
University of Chicago
University of Cincinnati
University of Colorado
University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
University of Colorado, Denver
University of Connecticut
University of Dallas
University of Dayton
University of Delaware
University of Denver
University of Detroit Mercy
University of the District of Columbia
University of Dubuque
University of Evansville
University of Findlay
University of Florida
University of Georgia
University of Great Falls
University of Guam
University of Hartford
University of Hawai`i
University of Hawai`i, Hilo
University of Hawai`i, West O`ahu
University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine
University of Houston
University of Houston, Clear Lake
University of Houston, Downtown
University of Houston, Victoria
University of Idaho
University of the Incarnate Word
University of Indianapolis
University of Illinois at Chicago
University of Illinois at Springfield
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Iowa
University of Judaism
University of Kansas
University of Kansas Medical Center
University of Kentucky
University of La Vernee
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
University of Louisiana at Monroe
University of Louisville
University of Maine
University of Maine at Fort Kent
University of Maine at Presque Isle
University of Mary Hardin-Baylor
University of Maryland Baltimore County
University of Maryland at Baltimore
University of Maryland at College Park
University of Maryland Eastern Shore
University of Maryland University College
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
University of Massachusetts at Boston
University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth
University of Massachusetts at Lowell
University of Massachusetts Medical School
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
University of Memphis
University of Miami
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
University of Michigan-Dearborn
University of Michigan-Flint
University of Minnesota-Crookston
University of Minnesota-Duluth
University of Minnesota-Morris
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
University of Mississippi
University of Missouri-Columbia
University of Missouri-Kansas City
University of Missouri-Rolla
University of Missouri-Saint Louis
University of Montana, Missoula
University of Montevallo
University of Natural Medicine
University of Nebraska, Kearney
University of Nebraska, Lincoln
University of Nebraska, Omaha
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
University of Nevada, Reno
University of New England
University of New Hampshire, Durham
University of New Haven
University of New Mexico
University of New Orleans
University of Newport
University of North Alabama
University of North Carolina at Asheville
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
University of North Carolina at Pembroke
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
University of North Dakota
University of North Dakota--Lake Region
University of North Florida
University of North Texas
University of Northern Colorado
University of Northern Iowa
University of Northern Washington
University of Notre Dame
University of Oklahoma
University of Oregon
University of Orlando
University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Science
University of the Ozarks
University of the Pacific
University of Pennsylvania
University of Phoenix
University of Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh at Bradford
University of Pittsburgh at Greenburg
University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
University of Portland
University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras
University of Puget Sound
University of Redlands
University of Rhode Island
University of Richmond
University of Rio Grande
University of Rochester
University of St. Francis
University of St. Thomas, Houston
University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul
University of San Diego
University of San Francisco
University of Sarasota
University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
University of Scranton
University of Sioux Falls
University of the South
University of South Alabama
University of South Carolina
University of South Carolina, Aiken
University of South Carolina, Beaufort
University of South Carolina, Spartanburg
University of South Dakota
University of South Florida
University of Southern California
University of Southern Colorado
University of Southern Indiana
University of Southern Maine
University of Southern Mississippi
University of Tampa
University of Tennessee, Chattanooga
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
University of Tennessee, Martin
University of Texas at Arlington
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Brownsville
University of Texas at Dallas
University of Texas at El Paso
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
University of Texas Health Center at Tyler
University of Texas Medical Branch
University of Texas-Pan American
University of Texas of the Permian Basin
University of Texas at San Antonio
University of Texas at Tyler
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
University of Toledo
University of Tulsa
University of Utah
University of Vermont
University of the Virgin Islands
University of Virginia
University of Washington
University of West Alabama
University of West Florida
University of Wisconsin-Green Bay
University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
University of Wisconsin-Madison
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
University of Wisconsin-Parkside
University of Wisconsin-Platteville
University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
University of Wisconsin-Stout
University of Wisconsin-Superior
University of Wisconsin-River Falls
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
University of Wyoming
Upper Iowa University
Urbana University
Ursinus College
Ursuline College
Utah State University
Utah Valley State College
Utica College
- V -
Valdosta State University
Valley City State University
Valparaiso University
Vanderbilt University
Vanguard University
Vassar College
Vennard College
Vermont Technical College
Villa Julie College
Villanova University
Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Intermont College
Virginia International University
Virginia Military Institute
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Virginia State University
Virginia Union University
Virginia University of Lynchburg
Virginia Wesleyan College
Viterbo College
Voorhees College
- W -
Wabash College
Wagner College
Wake Forest University
Warner Pacific College
Wartburg College
Walden University
Walla Walla College
Walsh University
Warren Wilson College
Washburn University
Washington & Jefferson College
Washington & Lee University
Washington Bible College / Capital Bible Seminary
Washington College
Washington State University
Washington University in Saint Louis
Wayland Baptist University
Wayne State College
Wayne State University
Waynesburg College
Webb Institute
Weber State University
Webster University
Webster University North Florida
Wellesley College
Wells College
Wentworth Institute of Technology
Wesley College
Wesleyan College
Wesleyan University
West Coast University
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
West Liberty State College
West Texas A&M University
West Virginia State College
West Virginia University
West Virginia University Parkersburg
West Virginia Wesleyan College
Western Baptist College
Western Carolina University
Western Connecticut State University
Western Governors University
Western Illinois University
Western International University
Western Kentucky University
Western Maryland College
Western Michigan University
Western Montana College
Western New England College
Western New Mexico University
Western Oregon University
Western State College
Western State University College of Law
Western States Chiropractic College
Western University of Health Sciences
Western Washington University
Westfield State College
Westminster College, Fulton Missouri
Westminster College, New Wilmington Pennsylvania
Westminster College, Salt Lake City
Westminster Theological Seminary
Westminster Theological Seminary in California
Westmont College
Westwood College of Technology
Wheaton College, Wheaton Illinois
Wheaton College, Massachusetts
Wheeling Jesuit University
Wheelock College
Whitman College
Whittier College
Whitworth College
Wichita State University
Widener University
Wilberforce University
Wilkes University
Willamette University
William Howard Taft University
William Carey International University
William Jewell College
William Mitchell College of Law
William Paterson University
William Penn College
William Woods University
Williams Baptist College
Williams College
Wilmington College, New Castle Delaware
Wilmington College, Wilmington Ohio
Wilson College
Wingate University
Winston-Salem State University
Winona State University
Winthrop University
Wisconsin Lutheran College
Wittenberg University
Wofford College
Woodbury University
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Worcester State College
Wright Institute
Wright State University
- X -
Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH
Xavier University of Louisiana
- Y -
Yale University
Yeshiva University
York College, York Nebraska
York College of Pennsylvania
Youngstown State University


subject: Re: POOR ED CONRAD SUFFERING FROM PETRIFIED BRAIN-ITISPMRA

text:
Who is Ed Conrad? and why are you so enthusiastic about repeating his
name on the internet?


author: Doug Mohney

subject: Re: Out with the old, in with the new

text:
In article <[email]>, [email] (Matthew DeLuca) writes:

Please, never spare Henry a way to bash the Shuttle, except for the
made-in-Canada arm...

   Previous signature chastized by Canadian Grad Student who flayed the United
   States as a bully from his bastion of free speech in Pittsburgh, PA.
                    Yes, fact IS stranger that fiction.
  -- >                  [email]                        < --


author: Matthew DeLuca

subject: Re: Out with the old, in with the new

text:
In article <[email]> [email] writes:

That's 'Canadarm' to you, silly USAnian.

:-)


author: Michael Wallis

subject: Re: Out with the old, in with the new

text:
[email] (Matthew DeLuca) writes:

Ya ... but I DO know their PO box.              8-)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Michael Wallis                                UUCP:    [email]
"The day I stop learning is the day I start dying."        - Michael Wallis


author: CapMan

subject: power supply

text:
I am just starting to get into electronics and was hoping for some advice on
the construction of a 110VAC to 12VDC power supply to use with my
electronics projects. Of course it will plug into a standard 110VAC wall
outlet and i was thinking about some type of clips for the output just so i
can hook it up quick to different things.

I have found some stuff on the web but it is mostly incomplete information.

I know i need a transformer and rectifier but like i said i am just starting
at this and am not aware of all the little things needed....

also i know that if i have a 12VDC power supply and i make something that
only uses 9VDC as loong as i use the right resistance that is all cool, but
what if i have a premade piece of electronics that says 9VDC input? Can i
use the 12VDC power supply?

Any help would be appreciated...

to mail me take the spam out of my email address...

[email]


author: Pete Davis

subject: Re: power supply

text:
You may want to consider building an adjustable voltage power supply. That's
what I did when I first got started. Being a real "do-it-yourself"er, I look
at a lot of different designs and then designed my own. I wouldn't recommend
my particular design since I now see a number of flaws in it, but it was a
good way to learn.

In my case, I used a transformer and a rectifier to get the voltage down to
a reasonable level. I used (way too many, in retrospect) large caps to
smooth out the output from the rectifier. I then used an LM317 regulator
with a POT to control the output voltage.

I bought a voltage meter so that I could see what the output voltage was.

All of this went in a project box. So that I could easily use it with
breadboards for prototyping, the output is simply two wires (one red, one
black).

Like I said, I made a lot of mistakes in mine. It's meant to handle a lot
more current than I've ever used it for (heat sinks and fans).

There are plenty of designs on the web to look at.

One thing I'd highly recommend, and this is a big mistake I made, make sure
it has short-circuit protection. I've never blown mine, but I have shorted
it out for a second or so at a time. You can tell immediately. The fan
suddenly goes into overdrive when I do it, so it gives me enough warning to
yank the wires before I fry soemthing.

Hope this helps.

Pete

"CapMan" <[email]> wrote in message
news:[email]...
on
i
information.
starting
but


author: Kevin Kilzer

subject: Re: power supply

text:
On Sun, 6 Oct 2002 02:49:01 -0500, "CapMan" <[email]>
wrote:

You will find there are many different types of connection.  Using
banana jacks are popular, because most are a combination of plug-in
and screw-down styles -- very useful -- and are available from most
mail-order suppliers and Radio Shack.

Your first decision is whether the voltage should be unregulated
(inexpensive) or regulated (expensive).  Most wall-warts are
unregulated, which means that if the mains shift from 120V to 110V,
the output will change from 12V to 11V.  A regulated supply will only
vary a little, even with a wide change of input.

The choice depends on whether or not the electronics is tolerant to a
changing input voltage.  Some devices only work over a small range
(say, 4.5v to 5.5v), and are damaged by voltages outside the range
(say, above 7v).

Devices requiring 9v are usually OK over a range of input voltages,
but without knowing what's inside there is no way to say for sure.

It is easy to add a 9v linear regulator to a 12v unregulated power
supply.  If your 12v supply is already regulated, you may be able to
identify the control chip and change the voltage.  Otherwise, check
out the LM7809 regulator chip -- there are dozens of alternatives.

Kevin


author: Alan Holt

subject: Re: power supply

text:
Try using a "wallwart" power supply(see www.mpja.com, among others).
Understand that most of them are unregulated, so even if one says 12VDC, it
will probably put out 14-16VDC at low current. For 9VDC, use a 7809 for
regulation. If you need a different voltage, use a different regulator
(7805, 7808, etc.)


author: RR-News

subject: Re: power supply

text:
Ok, i keep hearing about voltage regulators. Can't capacitors basically do
the same thing?

Do you have to buy a prefabricated voltage regulator or can you make it
yourself?

How does it work specifically???

"Alan Holt" <[email]> wrote in message
news:Y3_n9.19163$[email]...
it


subject: Re: power supply

text:
On Mon, 07 Oct 2002 07:34:27 GMT, "RR-News"
<[email]> wrote:

No.

You can make it yourself, but there are some difficult problems that
are easier to solve using the single-chip approach.  Voltage
regulators have been around much longer than chips themselves.

The goal is to keep the voltage at the load constant.  A regulator
solves two common problems: the source voltage may vary, and the load
may change (which will usually cause a change in source voltage).  To
do this, the regulator puts a controlled resistor between the source
voltage and the load.

If the source voltage goes up, the load voltage will, for a momemt, go
up too.  To find how this works, look up "resistor divider".  When the
load voltage goes up, the resistor is automatically increased, so the
load voltage goes down.

If the load changes, the voltage at the load will change (because the
resistor is there).  The resistor value is changed in this case, too,
so the load voltage returns to the target value.

Kevin


author: Capman

subject: Re: power supply

text:
but if the load voltage changes isn't that because it needs for voltage? so
increasing the resistance would stop it from working wouldn't it? like if
you plug more devices into the power supply it needs more current... or does
the voltage regulator only regulate the voltage.......

excuse me if i am out of my depths here... I have been doing my own research
on the net but like i said when websites talk about these regulators they
don't go into detail, they just don't explain it from the component level.

is electronics getting to be just like PC programming where you have to dig
a little deeper just to get into assembly and machine language, at least i
have found many pages that talk about those subjects....

"Kevin Kilzer" <[email]> wrote in message
news:[email]...
do


subject: Re: power supply

text:
On Mon, 07 Oct 2002 18:39:31 GMT, "Capman" <[email]>
wrote:

At a given voltage, the required current will depend on the load (as
you said).  The regulator adjusts voltage by controlling current.  If
the load voltage drops, more current is provided to make the load
voltage increase.

Adding more load devices will require more current, and thus the drop
across that resistor will become larger, and the load voltage will
drop.  Very quickly, though, the regulator will sense the "new"
voltage and reduce the resistor value (increasing the current),
allowing the voltage to come up.  "Very quickly" means a few
microseconds.

<snip>

Electronics has always been so, but in the last few years many things
have become more complicated.  What this means is that the things you
observe can depend on many variables, and may not be logically
connected.  The rules haven't changed, but smaller components allow a
designer to put more components into the mix.

In the old days, the light came on when a switch was flipped, and you
could actually see the wires because they were installed on the
surface of the wall.  If you wanted to, you could disassemble the
switch and see that it was only some bits of metal and a lever.

More recently, the light switch is a radio-remote control, the literal
switch is in the ceiling or attic, the lights come on slowly and
smoothly to a preset intensity (because the switch can flip 120 times
per second), and that preset intensity can depend on which
remote-control button you pushed, or how often you pushed it.

Kevin


subject: Re: power supply

text:
See I am currently in the PC/Networking field and I equate electronics with
programming since you have to plan the flow of electricity with your
different electronic components.

So I want to find some source that will explain all the stuff. Like a
rectifier you can buy one or use 4 diodes. and I know that. I just want to
know the construction process of all of those kind of things. Do you have a
website or a book in mind that goes through all of that.

Also, i was experimenting with a capacitor made with 2 pieces of aluminum
foil and paper in between for the dielectric and put that inside of a toilet
paper roll. i did get voltage running through it when i plugged a battery to
it. but it didn't seem to hold much if anything (my meter showed non after
the battery was unplugged)... any suggestions on increasing the capacitor's
abilities?

I also remember reading something about running current a certain way when
making capacitors that would dictate the + and - of the capacitor....


subject: Re: power supply

text:
On Tue, 08 Oct 2002 07:13:03 GMT, "Capman" <[email]>
wrote:

<snip>
<snip>

It is admirable that you are so eager and resourceful.  I suggest that
you visit the web sites of distributors and manufacturers.  Many of
these companies have excellent material on their products -- some
online, others in hardcopy.  The engineering library at my (small)
company fills 5 bookcases (25 shelves), with databooks.  Most of the
books are only a few dozen pages.

Some distributors are Arrow and Avnet.  Their sites have references to
all the manufacturers they represent.  If you have a good relationship
with the distributors, they are happy to work with you ("good" usually
means buying things from them).

There are also people called "factory representatives", who may have
sites with good information.  You get their names from the
manufacturers directly.

Since you mentioned capacitors, try Sprague or Nichicon.  There are
many manufacturers.  Read the white papers and technical information.

If the manufacture does not have enough information on their site,
contact them and ask for the names of their distributors and rep's.
These are usually assigned by the area you live in, and a phone call
takes only a few minutes -- usually the company receptionist will give
you the information immediately.

Kevin


subject: Re: power supply

text:
the main problem isn't just making one, but what actually makes a volt reg?

see when i looked at rectifiers i did a little digging(didnt have to dig
far) and i found you could make one with 4 diodes and the "mechanics" made
sense.

most of the info i have found on power supplies have that volt reg but i
have been so far unable to find the exact way a volt reg works. you know so
i could make one (albeit a crappy one) myself...

i am not saying i would make world class product i just want to know exactly
how it works and have so far been unable to find a basic construction of
one...

transformers i have info on, caps too, resistors also... so what about the
volt reg? i know i could make a power supply without one but i am just
curious. and trust me i am searching for it, and have found "explanations"
but they are of the type like:

"a voltage regulator takes voltage of various volts and brings it to the
desired output..."

that doesn't tell much... oh well, i'll keep searching....

"Kevin Kilzer" <[email]> wrote in message
news:[email]...


subject: Re: power supply

text:
On Fri, 11 Oct 2002 07:58:26 -0500, "CapMan" <[email]>
wrote:

Serious study involves control systems theory and a good knowledge of
electronic devices.  Until then, the is lotsa technical data from the
manufacturers:

Linear Technologies
<<http://www.linear-tech.com/pub/>>

Texas Instruments
<<http://focus.ti.com/docs/analog/catalog/resource/applicationnotes.jhtml?templateId=2&familyId=64>>

Maxim and Dallas Semiconductor
<<http://www.maxim-ic.com/PowerSupplies.cfm>>

Kevin


author: Craig M. Bobchin

subject: Losmandy G-11 vs Celestron CG-11 vs Celestron CGE

text:
Hi all,

I'm looking to pull my 10" LX200 GPS off the forks and put it on GEM.
I'm considering a new Losmandy G-11 or CGE, but I have a chance to get a
used Celestron G-11 for about $500 less than a new G-11.

Here is a description of the used G-11:
Losmandy G-11 Mount with Gemini Level 3 GOTO
*3rd bearing upgrade on both axes which reduces flex & vibration very
noticeably.
*Very little detectable periodic error. (I have not run an off-axis
trace of the error)
*Precision Worm included but not installed
*Standard drive corrector, hand controller, original stepper motors
w/aluminum motor covers included.
*Losmandy 23# and 7# c/w Included.
*Losmandy DSC control box with encoders mounted on each axis (with the
encoders plugged in you can still move the scope by hand and system will
still know where it is. Not possible w/o encoders!)
*Standard Losmandy Tripod (Black has partially faded to a weird dark
purple)
*Polar Scope with adjustable intensity illuminator

I have these questions that I hope someone can answer for me:

Are there any major differences between this and a new system that I
could get today?

What would it take to bring it to current G-11 Standards?

What possible areas of concerns should I look for in this line?

There is approximately a $400.00 difference between a price the seller
will take and the cost of a new system. Is the current version worth the
extra cost?

Is a new CGE as good or bettter than  either of G-11s?

I do my imaging through a 20d and DSI Pro and would also use the DSI pro
as an autoguider. Could I use the DSI pro as an Autoguider with either
the CGE or G-11s?

Thanks

Craig


author: Steve Sherman

subject: Re: Losmandy G-11 vs Celestron CG-11 vs Celestron CGE

text:
Craig M. Bobchin wrote:

G-11   G-11  G-11   did I say G-11.
Have you ever seen a G-11??? To say nothing of the optional
parts for a G-11. You can use the DSI to auto-guide the G-11
with the Gemini. If you somehow end up with a old model
Gemini, you will need the optical coupler that Losmandy sells
for about 45-50 bucks.

Now that I have made it clear on the G-11..
You can get what you are looking for by just spending $500
and get a Bonney Lakes Astro Works Melburn wedge for the LX-200.
And you can keep the LX-200 in the fork.  It really does
work great. The Meade software works well on the wedge. It even
keeps the eyepiece in a good position as it slews around.
Works great.

Steve


author: William R. Mattil

text:
Craig M. Bobchin wrote:

No. With the exception of allowing open-collector guider inputs without
an opto-isolator or relays box.

New Gemini :( But keep reading.....

Craig I will be nothing but honest with this so please take this with
the appropriate grain of salt. What scares me, or would if it were me,
is the "3rd bearing upgrade". I seen a few owner modifications that
essentially lowered the value of the item and this *might* be one of
them. So instead of taking the sellers claim as gospel with regards to
this modification look at it with a more jaudiced eye. In my experience
the G-11 doesn't need this modification and I have my G-11 overloaded.

I'd consider the newer system myself. But.... having said that my G-1
was used by someone who took very good care of it and I knew him well so
it was a no brainer.

One caveat is that if the G-11 is old enough there may only be one
altitude locking bolt. The onther one is extremely nice to have. But any
competent machine shop can add one.

Not in my opinion. But it's only my opinion. The "fleas" that plague a
G-11 I know well and can deal with them. The CG-11 is more of an
unknown. But.... there is a yahoo group dealing with them that might
bear investigation.

The G-11 you can.

Regards

Bill


author: RMOLLISE

text:
William R. Mattil wrote:

Hi:

Well, yeah, with K3CCD doing the guiding and a Shoestring adapter. To
use the Meade software--to guide through the serial port as the Meade
software is designed to do--you'd have to have the Gemini system (I
believe that would talk Meade well enough to allow the use of the DSI
with Envisage).

Peace,
Rod Mollise
Author of:
Choosing and Using a Schmidt Cassegrain Telescope
and
The Urban Astronomer's Guide
<http://skywatch.brainiac.com/astroland>


author: Doink

text:
Look seriously at an EQ-6 (or Orion's Atlas)  It's a beauty and comes with
Everything you'll need.  AND you can buy a new one with $$$ left for an APO.

Doink

"Craig M. Bobchin" <[email]> wrote in message
news:[email]...


text:
Steve,

Thanks. I picked up a G-11 on Sat. Now I need to take the OTA out of the
forks. Anyone know what size allen wrench I need to loosen the bolts on
the fork arm?

Craig

In article <zMBrg.43474$[email]>,
[email] says...


text:
In article <GdXqg.62170$[email]>,
[email] says...

Thanks for the Info. I would have my 10" LX200 OTA, Celestron 80ed
(currently piggyback on the LX200, but may go the Tandem bar way), Canon
20d, Meade DSI Pro, or for visual 2" diag and assorted EPs.

Again thanks, this wwill help me make a decision.

Craig


text:
Uncle Rod,

I would not get a G-11 nor any mount without a go-to system. I know the
sky well enough, but for me I prefer to spend my time imaging and
viewing items not hunting to find them. So I would have the Gemini
system on amy G-11 I buy.

Craig

In article <[email]>,
[email] says...


text:
Craig M. Bobchin wrote:

Now the money pit is open... Did you get a extra counter weight
and a mount plate for the lx-200?
You will also need a plate to mount the guide scope and rings
on the top of the lx-200 for the guide scope. It would also be
nice to have .....  the list goes on..

Enjoy and clear skies!!

Steve


author: Stephen Paul

text:
Craig M. Bobchin wrote:

Once you go tandem (DSBS in the case of the G11), there's no going back. ;-)

As for GoTo, in the case of DSLR imaging, which I do with an 80ED and a
modified 300D on a DSBS with 5" achromat for the ST-4 autoguider, my
opinion is that Losmandy's DSCs are plenty enough for finding stuff. In
fact, I find them preferable because you can free slew the OTA by hand.
But... I'm not operating on full remote either. The other nice thing
about not going with the Gemini, is that you don't need as much power.

All is opinion of course, and I have mine. :-)

What I've found during imaging is that about the first hour is spent
setting up and getting polar aligned. Without using the DSCs, there's
then about 10 to 30 minutes of fussing around with getting both the
imaging scope on a target, and the guide scope on a guide star.

In my case, the 80ED is in DR125 rings on a DMM plate and the 5" guide
scope is on a DUP. So, I use the 5" scope to find the target, then I aim
it at the nearest bright star, and adjust the DR125 rings to get the
80ED on the imaging target.

Of course, somewhere in there, I also need to aim the 80ED at a bright
star to get it into exact focus using the Stiletto IV.

Then there's another 10 minutes getting the ST-4 going. Once it's all
setup, it's a beautiful thing. I simply set the ISO setting on the
camera in bulb mode, program the timer controller for the DSLR and let
it do all the work. I come back in an hour or two and pull the memory
card to dump the files on the PC in the den.

To me, the Gemini is a lot of expense, just to get on target, which
turns out to be a very small part of the process, that you might only do
once, or maybe twice in a night.

The hand controller port on the digital controller for the standard
steppers is ST-4 compatible.

Here's my setup:
http://tinyurl.com/nzw8o

That's my dollar three ninety five.
Stephen Paul
Shirley, MA


author: Phil Wheeler

text:
Craig M. Bobchin wrote:

I'm at that point, too. As I get older, and light pollution
requires me to drive farther from home to observe, my available
time to observe becomes more precious.  A GO-TO mount lets me
maximize what I see in that time.

For wide-field viewing (80mm APO or binos), a simple Alt-Az mount
is fine; for more serious viewing I'm 100% go-to these days.

Phil


text:
Actually the money pit opened a long time ago when I started getting
into Imaging. The LX200 was fine as long as I was doing visual work, but
once I decided to do some imaging well....

It started off with a 20d to replace my old Casio P&S digicam that died.

Then a milburn wedge (used)
Then an Celestron 80ed and mounting gear and Losmandy counterweight
system

Then a Meade DSI Pro (no filters) to use as an autoguider (She does not
know about this).

Then a ScopeBuggy to haul it around my yard. (Used)

Now the used G-11 (which truth be told I wanted before I got the wedge)
along with the DM10 dove tail

My wife just shakes her head in amazement at the amount of money I put
out to this hobby.

I'm not telling her about the SBIG cameras I'd lke to get. At least not
for another year or so.....

The G-11 came with 1 21# and 2 11# weights

I'll say this, the G-11 is real easy to polar align, unlike my LX200 and
wedge system.

In article <Z1Dsg.44798$[email]>,
[email] says...


text:
Craig M. Bobchin wrote:

There are others who disagree, but I'm with you. Sighting through the
bore of a GEM while adjusting in altitude and azimuth is a breeze. Given
a good polar scope, the closer you get to 1 degree toward Kochab, the
easier the drift alignment as well.

In particular, the Vixen GP polar scope is the best I've ever used.
Properly aligned to the bore, setting the correct date and time on the
RA marker and putting Polaris on the reticle marker gets you so damn
close to perfect that with short focal lengths and sub-minute DSLR
exposures, a drift align may not even be necessary.

Stephen Paul


author: Jim Bowery

subject: Re:  SPACE STATION FREEDOM WOUNDED

text:
Charles J. Divine writes:

Complain about Traxler/Green's porkbarrel if you want, but its sort
of like a Dr. Mengele complaining about his patients' bad attitudes.

Get rid of the really big problems first and the other problems, like
SSC and EOS, will be much easier to deal with.  That is, in fact, why
true porkbarrel devotees are so obsessed with supporting Fred no matter
what the cost.  In the words of one House staffer (not on the space
committee) "It's a fire sale.  Everyone is cashing in their chips."
The debate was even more intense than the civil rights act!

This issue is such a wonderful spot-light, exposing the real evil in Congress
for all to see.  We're talkin' Judgement Day here.  The list of Congressmen
who fought for Fred is a distilled and purified essence of why people hate
government more than ever.  Names are named.  The evidence is on video tape.

The FBI never did such a well-designed sting operation.

So.... DON'T BUILD FRED!

The only NEED to play some those nasty political games comes from the
big project approach to space.  Unlike DoD, there is no good reason JSC
has to choose activities that require large projects.  They could pursue
lots of small ones and quickly synthesize enough of a market for space
services that the private sector would build the REAL WORKING space
industry we actually need.  The history of Adam Smith vs Karl Marx and
the market vs communism is on my side in this argument and very clearly
against JSC and its minions.  The fact that aerospace contractors prefer
to be spoon-fed government capital rather than risking their own is not
sufficient justification to ignore history and stew in this kind of
political garbage.  When you're 85 years old and still sitting in a high
chair drooling Gerbers, maybe it's time to either pick up the spoon and
feed yourself or (horrors) RETIRE ALREADY!

Lots of small projects also have the political advantage of spreading
out the money across districts so as to "buy constituency" but
in a way that is difficult to manipulate politically.  In other words,
you depoliticize space with small diverse projects, but you still
have constituency.  Combine that with the synthesis of a commercial
market, which makes Adam Smith instead of Karl Marx work for you,
and you have a compelling argument for axing JSC/Fred et al and
going small science, exclusively.

Waste isn't the problem.  If JSC were simply wasting the money we
send it, I wouldn't give a hoot.  JSC is, quite deliberately and for
obvious reasons, making it virtually impossible to raise real private
space capital (as opposed to politically connected space capital).  If
you want to talk about a "nasty game" talk about THAT game.  Kill
JSC DEAD DEAD DEAD and we might have a chance of creating markets for
space goods and services thereby attracting private capital to the
field.  Then we could get on with dealing with the real problems that
affect our technology competitiveness which related to needed fixes in
our securities laws and tax policies -- not which big techno-project
to blow our wad on for the next N decades.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jim Bowery      619/295-3164               The Coalition for
PO Box 1981                                   Science and
La Jolla, CA 92038                             Commerce
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


author: Gary Coffman

subject: Re:  SPACE STATION FREEDOM WOUNDED

text:
In article <[email]> [email] (Jim Bowery) writes:

The fundamental errors here are assuming Freedom is primarily about
science, small or large. Freedom is primarily about infrastructure.
Like the Interstate Highway system, it's not expected to pay off on
it's own. The benefits of activities that are facilitated by having
the infrastructure are the payoffs. There is no reason to believe
that private industry would have attempted to build the Interstate
Highway System, but the fact of it's presense has allowed many
industries to develop in ways that would have been cost prohibitive
without it. You can agrue successfully that a single project might
be done cheaper without this piece of infrastructure, but spreading
the cost over many projects, some extremely expensive to do without
an existing infrastructure, makes infrastructure of this type more
than competitive. This is not an endorsement of Freedom as presently
envisioned nor of the Shuttle system as presently constituted. These
are but the forerunners of systems that could be compared to the
Interstates. They are, however, necessary forerunners needed to
build the base of technological experience to allow better systems
to be built.

This is simply ideology talking. There is no evidence that large scale
capital is available for space investment. There is no plausible scheme
that starts from where we are and bootstraps us to large scale industrial
use of space based solely on private capital. As Nick is fond of pointing
out, the comsats are the only commercially viable industry that is space
based and primarily privately funded. And that industry depends in large
part on infrastructure developed and paid for by government funds in it's
previous generation. Without infrastructure and technical demonstration
projects, private capital in the large quanities needed for industrial
development of space is simply not going to be risked by the private sector.

Most industrial development in history has started at the mom and pop
level. Look at the history of the steel industry in this country, or
the history of the mining industry for examples. Only after mom and
pop developed a market did the big money and the big companies come
in and take over an already proven industry. In space, there is currently
no room for mom and pop because of the costs to orbit and because the
infrastructure to support activities there doesn't exist. Without an
infrastructure to supply basic utilities, mom and pop are left with no
way to start space industries and the huge private companies that are
able to do so see too much risk of too much money for too long a time
before possible payoffs start rolling in.

The government isn't mandated to turn a profit or show results in six
months. It can build the infrastructure to support garage workshop level
industrial startups. One early, and sadly cancelled, attempt at this bootstrap
process was the Shuttle Get Away Special program. But it didn't offer the
longer term leases or close supervision needed by most space industrialization
pilot projects. A space platform potentially offers this type of operation,
offering power, communications, and supervision to small projects operated at
a subsidized low cost. The station, whatever it's name or form, should be
considered to be a form of industrial incubator among it's other uses. As
industrial technologies are proved, no doubt big companies will be willing
to move in and operate them on their own Leasecraft type platforms. Once a
process is well understood, automated factories are possible and profitable.
To operate an experimental pilot line on a strictly automated basis is likely
in many cases to run costs up so much that the work won't be done. Operating
a pilot process that requires a fairly large amount of power as a standalone
satellite is similarly too expensive. Most industrial processes touted for
space do require relatively large amounts of power. A large multipurpose
platform like Freedom will have that power available for at least short
periods each day for each of it's experimental racks.

Gary


author: Charles Frank Radley

subject: Re: SPACE STATION FREEDOM WOUNDED

text:
You say that aerospace companies prefer to be spoon fed instead
of risking their own money.
   The reason is simple, aerospace companies do not have anything
like the sums of money needed for large scale space devlopments.
    I have never seen anybody who actually HAS a lot of money
say that if NASA disappeared they would be willing to spend
their own private money on large scale space ventures.
  Please provide a list of examples if I am wrong.
:


author: Dani Eder

subject: Re:  Business in space

text:
In article <[email]> [email] (Gary Coffman) writes:

I speak from personal experience here.  Boeing's Board of Directors was
willing to invest $1 billion to develop the Jarvis launch vehicle for
use by Hughes and other satellite builders.  I know this because my
boss at the time was one of the people who made the presentation to the
BOD.  The program did not go ahead because (1) we needed to get all
three satellite builders (Ford, Hughes, and RCA) to commit as customers,
which would have given us a monopoly on comsat launch, which would
violate anti-trust laws, and (2) the only other customer with lots
of payloads, the US Air Force, was not interested in a commercial
rocket over which they had no control of the design requirements (even
though it was 50% cheaper that way).  There was every reason to
believe that given the customers, the capital was available.

My second example from personal experience was the ISF.
Westinghouse was the prime contractor for Space Industries.  Space
Industries was able to raise $400 million in capital, part of it
from contractors, part from the financial markets.  Boeing was
a subcontractor for the docking equipment and the equipment racks.
We proposed to develop them for the ISF by 1992, and later use the
same design for the Space Station.  This way the hardware would
have had a space test before Freedom used it.  A massively useful
thing to do with the ISF would be to launch the life support
system along with a couple of racks of animals, to give it a
real test in space BEFORE the manned crew rely on it to breathe.
Again, NASA saw it as a competitor to Freedom, and refused to
sign up as the 'anchor tenant', so the ISF died for lack of
customer.

I suspect that if the ISF was done internally by NASA, and had
a name like 'Space Station Life Support System Orbital Test-Bed',
it could probably have been sold and be flying in a couple of years,
even with Space Industries as the builder.

Plausible Scheme:

Phase I:	Small Mach 2-3 mechanical catapult with liquid-air
		augmented fixed ramjet "X-40" spaceplane.
		Seats pilot and 1 passenger. Vehicle mass about
		6000 lb max takeoff wt.  Funded with commercial
		sponsors (like Coors 'Silver Bullet'), and
		private sponsors that want to fly faster than
		an SR-71 (Mach 3.5), and perhaps get 'astronaut'
		status (requires 50 miles altitude).  Cost in
		The few millions, using mostly aircraft components
		except for ramjet and liquid air injector system.
		Function is to demonstrate catapult & spaceplane
		work.

Phase II:	Delete people and substitute autopilot and off-the
		shelf missile (military) to achieve sub-orbital
		sounding rocket capability.  The missile is fired
		at the peak of the spaceplane trajectory.  This
		should undercut regular sounding rockets (0.5-2 M$)
		since the spaceplane and catapult are reuseable.
		The missile should be in the 0.1M$ range each

Phase III:	Replace off-the shelf missile with rugged, reuseable
		liquid propellant projectile (using e.g. Nitric Acid
		Kerosine propellants).  Lowers cost because now entire
		system is reuseable.  Sell copies of system to
		University research centers and small countries that
		want low-cost per launch sounding rocket flights.
		Market launch slots for smaller customers.

Phase IV:	Replace small catapult and spaceplane with a light
		gas gun and fire the projectile to higher speeds than
		the Mach 6-7 that the catapult/spaceplane can reach.
		Put solid kick motor plus payload on top of projectile
		and get ~10 kg to low orbit.  Deliver fuel to Freedom,
		worth on order of 200M$/yr by replacing 1 shuttle
		launch.

Phase V:	Upgrade gas gun (extend barrel, add 2nd chamber).
		Projectile now can get to orbit with little or no
		kick motor, increases payload to 50-100kg.  Deliver
		small robots to orbit which collect payloads and
		via teleoperation start constructing useful things
		like:

Pahse VI:	Orbital tether capable of reaching partway down from
		orbit.  Electric propulsion system to maintain tether
		orbit.  Projectile does not have to get to orbit any
		more, only to the bottom of the tether, further
		increasing payload capacity.

Rough business numbers:
Phase		Capital required	Revenue Generated
I		a few M$		a few M$ from sponsors
II		$2M to modify for missile  $3M/yr @ 10 launches/yr
III		$6M for projectile	$50M for 5 systems (2 Univ,
					  3 small countries)
IV		$10-20M			$100M station refuel
V		$40M			$500M station refuel +
					 comsat upper stage fuel
VI		$100M			300 t/yr @ $3M/t=$900M/yr

Dani Eder
Boeing Advanced Civil Space Systems


author: Henry Spencer

subject: Re: SPACE STATION FREEDOM WOUNDED

text:
In article <[email]> [email] (Charles Frank Radley) writes:

It depends on what you mean by "large scale".  Boeing sees nothing very
unusual about spending two or three *billion* dollars of *its own money*
(not even borrowed from a bank) on developing a new airliner or two.
It's done that repeatedly.  Done properly, without government pork
barrel and red tape, that amount of money could fund almost any conceivable
project in cislunar space.  (Art Dula once estimated a respectable space
station, built by construction companies and launched by Soviet boosters,
at $500M.)

The problem is not lack of money, but lack of reliable customers.  Boeing
doesn't start putting big bucks into the 7*7 until it's pretty damn sure
that it can sell a whole bunch of them.  With the marginal exception of
comsats, putting big bucks into a space project has historically been
a good way to go broke.  The only major customer is the US government,
which has an unequalled record of snubbing, disregarding, and out-and-out
shafting attempts at private space development.


author: [redacted]

subject: Re:  Business in space

text:
In article <[email]> [email] (Dani Eder) writes:

[develop launcher in phases:]

I could quibble with some of the marketing details and cost estimates,
but this general scenario is very impressive -- a pathway to greatly
reducing launch costs, each step of which pays for itself.    This is
precisely the strategy I call "developing self-sustaining infrastructure".
By paying for itself, the infrastructure becomes divorced from the annual
political squabbles over NASA funding, and helps reduce, rather than
increase, the U.S. federal and trade deficits.

Those of us in commercial industry (and our critics :-) will be quick
to note that we are trading annual government squabbling for quarterly
concern over the bottom line.  This is not wholly accurate, since
commercial R&D typically operates in the 2-10 year time frame, and
completely private companies (such as Bechtel, which built the $30
billion industrial city of Jubail from scratch, among other large
infrastructure projects) do not have to report quarterly earnings to
stockholders.  But it remains true that _both_ government and industry
operate on timeframes much shorter than what is required for full space
development.   The only way out of this is to use _both_ industry and
government to do what each does best -- industry to design, build, and
operate infrastructures that pay for themselves within the 2-10 year
timeframe, and government to speed up develop of the critical path
technologies needed to build that infrastructure.

Once business -- teams of technology and marketing experts -- have
developed such strategies, IMHO it is the role of NASA to fill in
the technology gaps, making sure that the technology exists at each
phase as business becomes ready to progress into that phase.   As
a side note, by marketing experts I mean "those who study the market
environment", not advertisers, salesmen, and other PR-types sometimes
associated with the term.

Have NASA develop prototypes that concentrate on specific technologies
in separate small projects, as Henry described, rather than attempting to
design, build, and control the system itself.  Failing an effective NASA
R&D, we must look elsewhere (SDI, NSF, privately funded R&D).

A good example of NASA's best role comes from the first and most
lucrative commercial space industry, communications.  NASA helped
develop and launch some inexpensive, small demonstrations of
satcoms.  However, NASA also insisted that LEO, not GEO, was the best
place to put satcoms.  This would have required Earth stations to
have expensive tracking drives to pick up a new satellite and follow it
quickly across the sky more than once an hour.  Fortuneately, NASA was
too preoccupied with other pursuits to try to control the direction of
the satcom industry.  When the marketing and technology experts at Hughes
and the new startup, Comsat, analyzed the problem, they realized
that bringing down the cost of each of tens of thousands of earth stations
was more important than lowering the orbital energy of the satellite to
reduce its cost.   Only with the advent of small omnidirectional antennas
capable of transmitting to and receiving from LEO some 30 years later
are LEO satcoms becoming viable (Iridium, Globalstar, Orbcomm etc. projects).
For these 30 years putting satcoms in GEO has enabled space communications
technology to advance by several orders of magnitude while paying for
itself.  By letting the people investing their own money design and build
the system, with technology support instead of direction from NASA, our
first and largest space industry was born and flourished.

An example of NASA's worst role is the Space Transportation System,
which was planned to launch both astronauts and cargo on one vehicle.
Before it was even operational, NASA disbanded or attempted to disband
all competing launch systems.  As with communications satellites,
NASA's overall strategy was significantly less than optimal.  But this time,
NASA had succeeded in dictating direction for infrastructure and had
caused great harm to the alternative launch infrastructures.   Space
exploration, defense, and commerce were severely handicapped until
the commercialization of the launch business and independent USAF
development emerged.   Freed from central control, the launch industry is
now back on its feet and ready to go in directions NASA has not pursued
(eg Pegasus).

There should be a whole family of long-range scenarios that explore many
different possible pathways.  My "Un-Plan" is another (less specific and
more sweeping) example of this kind of scenario.  The scenarios themselves
should assume that many technologies will continue to advance
rapidly -- ie, they should be "speculative engineering" or "science
fiction".  Most importantly they should _not_ engage in economic fantasy.
Economic self-sustenence is the fundamental ground rule.  The most
valuable scenarios are those that bring the largest cost reductions --
not increases in supply -- to existing markets.

Once such scenarios are developed, they should be analyzed to determine
the most critical technological barriers -- ie those developments that
would most greatly reduce cost and/or risk.  This should be used as a
guide for funding NASA's basic R&D and prototype (X-vehicle) projects.

Perhaps the most important point herein is that space development should
be approached from both sides -- the demand side (market) and supply
side (technology).  A major failing of many businessmen is not
understanding the technologies, and a major failing of many scientists
and engineers is not understanding the markets.   I realize my audience
(as myself) are largely scientists and engineers and will grouse about the
businessmen, but _both_ sides are important.   For self-sustaining space
infrastructure to be developed, the two cultures must work together.


author: Ron Carter

subject: Re:  Business in space

text:
In article <[email]> [email] (Dani Eder) writes:
~Phase I:	Small Mach 2-3 mechanical catapult with liquid-air
~		augmented fixed ramjet "X-40" spaceplane.
~Rough business numbers:
~Phase		Capital required	Revenue Generated
~I		a few M$		a few M$ from sponsors

I find it EXTREMELY difficult to believe that a Mach 2 catapult,
plus a 2-person spaceplane, could be built for < $10 million.
Maybe it if were unmanned, but not manned.  The cost of land for
the catapult alone (where do you get the safety zone you need for
a reasonable price?) would run a fair fraction of $10 mil.


subject: Re:  Bootstrap Scenario Details

text:
In article <[email]> [email] (Ron Carter) writes:

I am thinking in terms of a one-off experimental aircraft built
like the Voyager round-the-world aircraft, i.e. a good deal of
sweat equity by people who can later say 'I was part of that
project'.  We need a pilot who will take a large risk in return
for achieving astronaut status (requires >50 miles altitude)

The meachanical catapult is designed thus:
To achieve Mach 3 (900 m/s) at 6 g's acceleration requires a path
length of d=(v^2)/2a= 7km.  Find two mountain peaks 7 km apart.
On peak A place the spaceplane on a slightly upward sloping
ramp.  Assume the spaceplane masses 5 metric tons (this is not
an actual estimate, it is to further elaborate the catapult
components.)  If the acceleration is 6 g's, then a 30 ton
force is required.  This can be provided by a kevlar rope
1/2 inch in diameter.  The rope is strung over to peak B.
On peak B, we need a good slope.  Say a 45 degree slope is
available, 250 m high and 350 m long.  At the top we
have a heavy duty axle with two drums, with a 20:1 ratio
of diameters.  The large diameter drum winds in the kevlar
rope.  The small diameter one winds out a heavier rope
connected to a drop weight that powers the launch.  With
a 20:1 ratio, the drop weight needs to accelerate at
0.3 g's, and provide an accelerating force of 600 tons to
the axle.  It's travel is 7000/20=350 m, which is our required
slope.

To get 0.3 g's going down a 45 degree slope, the mass needs
to be about 1000 tons (allowing for some frictional losses)

The drop mass is reinforced concrete sliding down greased
rails.

Cost components:

Drop weight 700 cubic yards reinforced concrete @$100/yd = $70K
700 m rail: 200 cubic yards reinf. concrete + 50t
steel @ $1000/t = $70
Drop weight rope: 600t @ 8 x 1 inch high strength steel
cables (bridge cable type), 17 tons @ 3000/ton = $50K.
Axle: 600 ton capacity = 25x railroad axle capacity, special
order item 5000 lb forgings & bearings @ $75/lb = $375K.
Tow rope = 3750 lb @ $100/lb kevlar = $375K.

Total so far = $940K.

Sweat equity & donated/scrounged hardware reduces this by
60%, to $375K.  Balance of 2-3 million mostly for spaceplane.


author: RF

subject: Herbals to raise Blood Pressure safely?

text:
I am one of those low BP guys who can get by with
salt and caffeine
and I know some people who are in the same
position but cannot use
caffeine, so only salt is left to them - not a
very healthy choice.

I have seen on some herbal bottles that the
product may raise the BP,
so there must be some that do, but can they do it
safely?

TIA.


author: Citizen Jimserac

subject: Re: Herbals to raise Blood Pressure safely?

text:
On May 20, 8:36 pm, RF <[email]> wrote:

WHY is your blood pressure low?

Citizen Jimserac


text:
RF wrote:

I just picked the following from the Mayo Clinic
web site.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood-pressure/HI00053

"Herbal supplements aren't necessarily safe just
because they're natural. Various herbal
supplements can increase blood pressure or
interfere with the effectiveness of blood pressure
medications.

Examples

     * Bitter orange
     * Ephedra (ma-huang)
     * Ginseng
     * Licorice
     * St. John's wort

What to do
Check with your doctor before taking any herbal
supplements. You may need to avoid supplements
that raise your blood pressure or interfere with
your blood pressure medications."

Now, if a person is taking NO medicines, which of
these herbs is likely to be the safest?

TIA


author: Bob Arnold

text:
In article <[email]>, RF <[email]>
wrote:

Tyrosine


author: Juhana Harju

text:
RF wrote:

Rosemary and licorice might work.

alt.folklore.herbs added.


text:
Citizen Jimserac wrote:

Does anyone know why their BP is whatever it is?
Some of my siblings have high BP and others have low.
I guess it maybe the genes. I have been a vegetarian
(no fish, no meat) for almost 40 years and I also
get lots of
exercise. I take no drugs regularly and my doctor (A
Board Certified Internist) says that I am in
excellent condition,
for 71. My vital organs have never given me any
trouble.


text:
On May 26, 3:20 am, RF <[email]> wrote:

There are many many causes.

A good physical exam from an MD and some
tests might tell.

Citizen Jimserac


author: Pramesh Rutaji

text:
RF wrote:

Very few doctors have a clue about supplements and just give a blanket
statement to avoid them; very few admit to lacking the necessary
information to make an informed decision.  It is best to do the research
yourself, give the product a try if desired, and then tell your doctor
what you're doing.  That requires him to make more of a case against if
that is his position.