audio_codes unknown | text_tokens unknown | text stringlengths 41 301 | duration_sec float64 2.06 21.8 | n_codebooks int64 8 8 | n_frames int64 26 273 | voice stringclasses 19
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAhAQAAAAAAAANAQAAAAAAABYBAAAAAAAAmwYAAAAAAACTBQAAAAAAAJIGAAAAAAAA4QYAAAAAAADwBQAAAAAAAF4GAAAAAAAATAEAAAAAAABMAQAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAAJQUAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAAOwCAAAAAAAAsAUAAAAAAAAzBgAAAAAAAMMGAAAAAAAA6gUAAAAAAADBAwAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAAUAYAAAAAAAAmAwAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAANQYAAAAAAAAmAwAAAAAAABsGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgbQAAAAAAAHOBAAAAAAAATQUAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAANvPAAAAAAAA+wQAAAAAAAAIOwAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAAwQYAAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAANd2AAAAAAAAfAQAAAAAAADYlgAAAAAAAO0OAAAAAAAAAQMAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAHHaAAAAAAAAtQwAAAAAAAD0CwAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAAjQcAAAAAAABuIgAAAAAAAFEGAAAAAAAAxQYAAAAAAAByGAAAAAAAAEMRAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAADkNAAAAAAA... | Cette remarque est utilisée au début du , en particulier par Emil Artin et Emmy Noether, pour élucider cette structure dans le cas des anneaux artiniens et noethériens, qui sont des copies de sous-algèbres sur un espace vectoriel construit sur sous-anneau qui s'avère être un corps. | 17.02 | 8 | 213 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAPgEAAAAAAAA2gYAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAABAEAAAAAAAAXgAAAAAAAAB6AAAAAAAAAFoGAAAAAAAAtQcAAAAAAADBBAAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAMEBAAAAAAAAygEAAAAAAACIAAAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAAGQUAAAAAAAC9BwAAAAAAAHYFAAAAAAAAcwYAAAAAAADRBAAAAAAAALsAAAAAAAAAhQUAAAAAAACXBgAAAAAAAH0DAAAAAAAAwgUAAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAAFoEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACHCwAAAAAAAO1FAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAGYyAAAAAAAAKREAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAACoPAAAAAAAA70MAAAAAAAAJAwAAAAAAAEsXAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAAaQQAAAAAAAOIFAAAAAAAAHkkAAAAAAAB8BAAAAAAAAO0OAAAAAAAAAQMAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAABnwAAAAAAAAUIoAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAABQNAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAADvQwAAAAAAAAkDAAAAAAAASxcAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAACzcAAAAAAA... | Un exemple est la généralisation d'un théorème de Wedderburn par Artin et portant maintenant le nom de théorème d'Artin-Wedderburn. | 6.88 | 8 | 86 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAHwQAAAAAAAA+BAAAAAAAAIMBAAAAAAAAlwUAAAAAAABaBgAAAAAAAGsEAAAAAAAAXQYAAAAAAACbBQAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAACQAgAAAAAAAEUEAAAAAAAABgUAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAACpBwAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAADQIAAAAAAAAgAwAAAAAAAHsDAAAAAAAAegAAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAACYFAAAAAAAArQUAAAAAAAAYBAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAABjFwAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAADQgAAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAAD4RAAAAAAAAHgUAAAAAAACyCAAAAAAAAK4IAAAAAAAACgUAAAAAAABKAwAAAAAAAAMGAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Il est important en algèbre non commutative. | 2.92 | 8 | 37 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAPgEAAAAAAAAuwMAAAAAAAD1BwAAAAAAAMAHAAAAAAAA9AYAAAAAAAD0BgAAAAAAAI8FAAAAAAAAEwcAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAAJACAAAAAAAAgwEAAAAAAADeBgAAAAAAAN4GAAAAAAAANwcAAAAAAACdBwAAAAAAAJwBAAAAAAAAOAIAAAAAAAApAQAAAAAAADcHAAAAAAAAbQcAAAAAAADKAQAAAAAAALgCAAAAAAAAuAIAAAAAAAAsAgAAAAAAAKkAAAAAAAAAvwIAAAAAAACIAwAAAAAAAIMBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACHCwAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAASgIAAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAAKr5AAAAAAAAWgwAAAAAAAB2PQAAAAAAAHwEAAAAAAAA1YMAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAAEtEAAAAAAAATgQAAAAAAABcAwAAAAAAAHYDAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAAAfRQAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAxwMAAAAAAACTVgAAAAAAAFoEAAAAAAAAdhUAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAeBQAAAAAAALIIAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAADkBgAAAAAAAMOEAAAAAAA... | Un lemme élémentaire permet par ailleurs d'interpréter le corps des quaternions comme l'algèbre des endomorphismes d'une représentation réelle de degré 4 du groupe associé. | 10.27 | 8 | 129 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAEAUAAAAAAACcAgAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAAuQcAAAAAAACmAwAAAAAAAFYGAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAAB7BwAAAAAAALYEAAAAAAAAMQcAAAAAAAAyAgAAAAAAAAEGAAAAAAAAQAMAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAABYDAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAABeBwAAAAAAAJ8EAAAAAAAAlwYAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAALkHAAAAAAAApgMAAAAAAABWBgAAAAAAABcHAAAAAAAAewcAAAAAAAC2BAAAAAAAAFIBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAMBgAAAAAAAFwDAAAAAAAAiCMAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAA4bAAAAAAAA5xMAAAAAAADaAgAAAAAAAP0BAAAAAAAAugsAAAAAAABu8QAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAADhsAAAAAAADnEwAAAAAAAF/fAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAAKUQAAAAAAAKwDAAAAAAAALfcAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAAD6BAAAAAAAA6gsAAAAAAABmKgAAAAAAAMhmAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Théorie de Galois
La théorie de Galois contient de nombreux exemples d'espaces vectoriels. | 5.02 | 8 | 63 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAJoHAAAAAAAAXQMAAAAAAACEBAAAAAAAAMwDAAAAAAAA8wcAAAAAAABYAwAAAAAAAAIFAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAArAAAAAAAAACsAAAAAAAAAvwMAAAAAAADJAAAAAAAAAM4EAAAAAAAATAEAAAAAAAA1BgAAAAAAAA0FAAAAAAAAwQEAAAAAAACIAwAAAAAAAAMFAAAAAAAAAwUAAAAAAAC2AAAAAAAAANgFAAAAAAAA2AUAAAAAAAAmBQAAAAAAAJIGAAAAAAAAwgUAAAAAAACbBwAAAAAAAK0HAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACibQAAAAAAAMGIAAAAAAAAPAUAAAAAAADf3gAAAAAAAHkEAAAAAAAAsgMAAAAAAAAfRQAAAAAAAHYVAAAAAAAAsgMAAAAAAACg1AAAAAAAAGYqAAAAAAAALAUAAAAAAABxBQAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAA6h4AAAAAAADbuwAAAAAAAFwFAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Elle consiste à étudier un corps comme un espace vectoriel sur un sous-corps. | 4.88 | 8 | 61 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAJoHAAAAAAAA3QcAAAAAAADdBwAAAAAAAN0HAAAAAAAAfwIAAAAAAAD8AgAAAAAAAOgCAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAC1BgAAAAAAAL8AAAAAAAAADwMAAAAAAAC0AgAAAAAAAPYHAAAAAAAA2AMAAAAAAAA0AQAAAAAAAGEDAAAAAAAAAwUAAAAAAAAsAgAAAAAAANgFAAAAAAAA2AUAAAAAAAA3BwAAAAAAAJ0HAAAAAAAAkgYAAAAAAAD0BgAAAAAAAI8FAAAAAAAApgMAAAAAAAAQAgAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAeAgAAAAAAALIhAAAAAAAAEUQAAAAAAADqHgAAAAAAANu7AAAAAAAAXAUAAAAAAAB2PQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAH0wAAAAAAACyVwAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAQxEAAAAAAACcEgAAAAAAAEICAAAAAAAAdhUAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAAKDUAAAAAAAAZioAAAAAAAAsBQAAAAAAANd2AAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Ainsi chaque sous-corps permet de considérer la structure initiale comme un espace vectoriel particulier. | 6.8 | 8 | 85 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAD8BAAAAAAAAmAQAAAAAAACXAQAAAAAAAJcBAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAAAZAgAAAAAAAP0BAAAAAAAA/QEAAAAAAAAZAgAAAAAAABkCAAAAAAAAGQIAAAAAAAAZAgAAAAAAABkCAAAAAAAAGQIAAAAAAAAZAgAAAAAAABkCAAAAAAAAGQIAAAAAAAAZAgAAAAAAAD4BAAAAAAAAGQIAAAAAAAAZAgAAAAAAAD4BAAAAAAAAPgEAAAAAAAA+AQAAAAAAAD4BAAAAAAAAGQIAAAAAAAAZAgAAAAAAABkCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACHCwAAAAAAAO1FAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAADQ7wAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAR0QAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAEgrAAAAAAAAtxgAAAAAAABGBgAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAAB/ZAAAAAAAAB8DAAAAAAAAZwQAAAAAAAD7BAAAAAAAADUEAAAAAAAAIgMAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Un exemple d'application est celui des figures constructible à la règle et au compas. | 5.4 | 8 | 68 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAA/gIAAAAAAADqAwAAAAAAACkBAAAAAAAA9AUAAAAAAACdBAAAAAAAAJYDAAAAAAAAYwIAAAAAAABPAgAAAAAAAJgBAAAAAAAAvQUAAAAAAAD8BwAAAAAAAOEGAAAAAAAAkAIAAAAAAAADBQAAAAAAAL0FAAAAAAAAqQAAAAAAAAB3AQAAAAAAAHEBAAAAAAAA4gYAAAAAAABOAQAAAAAAADoGAAAAAAAAXgAAAAAAAADRBAAAAAAAAKgGAAAAAAAAlQAAAAAAAAA0AQAAAAAAAKcFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgzgAAAAAAAKgRAAAAAAAAawMAAAAAAAC9AwAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAAH0UAAAAAAAA2KAAAAAAAAJcDAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAAA9FQAAAAAAAEMRAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAAD5vQAAAAAAAGYqAAAAAAAALAUAAAAAAABxBQAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAAk8gAAAAAAABI3gAAAAAAAFVIAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Ces points forment un corps disposant d'une structure d'espace vectoriel sur les nombres rationnels. | 5.52 | 8 | 69 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAABwAgAAAAAAALUHAAAAAAAAjwUAAAAAAACmAwAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAdwEAAAAAAAATBwAAAAAAAHQGAAAAAAAAnAQAAAAAAAB2BQAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAJAQAAAAAAAM0FAAAAAAAAyQEAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAABkGAAAAAAAAsgUAAAAAAAD6BwAAAAAAAJoCAAAAAAAAwAEAAAAAAABUAAAAAAAAAGEGAAAAAAAAHwQAAAAAAACpAQAAAAAAAPQFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAABjFwAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAA/OAAAAAAAAAtLAAAAAAAAcgMAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAAjQcAAAAAAAARRAAAAAAAAFEIAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAKkKAAAAAAAA3UYAAAAAAADqHgAAAAAAANu7AAAAAAAAXAUAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAItEAAAAAAAAlwMAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAPzgAAAAAAACwCAAAAAAAAHIDAAAAAAAA9QUAAAAAAABEAgAAAAAAAFQFAAAAAAA... | Il est de dimension infinie et, pour chaque point, le plus petit sous-corps le contenant est de dimension finie égale à une puissance de 2. | 8.72 | 8 | 109 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAACaBwAAAAAAAJoHAAAAAAAA3QcAAAAAAADdBwAAAAAAAN0HAAAAAAAAbwYAAAAAAAA8BAAAAAAAAGADAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAACDAQAAAAAAAJoFAAAAAAAADQcAAAAAAAC2AwAAAAAAAGEDAAAAAAAAAwUAAAAAAADGBwAAAAAAANgFAAAAAAAAYgMAAAAAAAC9AAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAA+gIAAAAAAACHBAAAAAAAACkBAAAAAAAAtQcAAAAAAADKAwAAAAAAAE4HAAAAAAAACwAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAEYEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACHCwAAAAAAAMwnAAAAAAAA6h4AAAAAAADbuwAAAAAAAFwFAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAACUqQAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAAdhIAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAALB0AAAAAAAAHB8AAAAAAABMUwAAAAAAACgNAAAAAAAAIgwAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Un tel sous-corps est appelé une tour d'extensions quadratiques. | 4.16 | 8 | 52 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAA7QEAAAAAAADYAAAAAAAAALoFAAAAAAAAugUAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAAG0GAAAAAAAAFwUAAAAAAAA+BAAAAAAAAIUFAAAAAAAAjwUAAAAAAACmAwAAAAAAACUHAAAAAAAANAAAAAAAAADsAgAAAAAAAJsHAAAAAAAArQcAAAAAAABOAQAAAAAAACoDAAAAAAAA6AIAAAAAAAC2AgAAAAAAAI8CAAAAAAAA5wAAAAAAAADuAAAAAAAAAN0FAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAAC4AgAAAAAAALgCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgbQAAAAAAANbTAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAABzIAAAAAAAAPMYAAAAAAAA6gsAAAAAAABmKgAAAAAAAMhmAAAAAAAAdj0AAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAEIdAAAAAAAAkr0AAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAANaJAAAAAAAAIgwAAAAAAADksAAAAAAAADYGAAAAAAAAdhUAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAAaxkAAAAAAADVBQAAAAAAABaqAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAGIEAAAAAAAAQgUAAAAAAADUAwAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAA... | Cette propriété de ces espaces vectoriels permet de résoudre d'antiques conjectures comme la duplication du cube, la trisection de l'angle ou la construction d'un polygone régulier. | 10.17 | 8 | 128 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADMAwAAAAAAAMwDAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAACLAQAAAAAAAIsBAAAAAAAABwAAAAAAAAAWAwAAAAAAAK0DAAAAAAAAXgAAAAAAAAB6AAAAAAAAAFoGAAAAAAAAcQEAAAAAAAC/AwAAAAAAAJsFAAAAAAAAJQQAAAAAAAAHAgAAAAAAABkHAAAAAAAApgMAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAAGQGAAAAAAAAPgQAAAAAAACXBgAAAAAAAHYAAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAAAzBgAAAAAAALsEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAMQgAAAAAAAAuSQAAAAAAADvcwAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAABu8QAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAR0QAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAQh0AAAAAAACpEQAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAAPRUAAAAAAAD1BQAAAAAAAGkOAAAAAAAABGIAAAAAAACfHwAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | L'exemple historique de la théorie est celui de la résolution d'une équation polynomiale. | 5.28 | 8 | 66 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAAkwEAAAAAAACFBQAAAAAAAJ8EAAAAAAAA3wUAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAALUDAAAAAAAAlwUAAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAAMYBAAAAAAAABQAAAAAAAACdBwAAAAAAAKkHAAAAAAAAewcAAAAAAADFAwAAAAAAADUCAAAAAAAAcAUAAAAAAAANAgAAAAAAAKgGAAAAAAAAygMAAAAAAAAWBgAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAABxAQAAAAAAAFIDAAAAAAAAdgUAAAAAAADZBgAAAAAAAJsHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAAO9DAAAAAAAACQMAAAAAAABLFwAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAA2BAAAAAAAADzJAAAAAAAAJxbAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAADgEQAAAAAAAAKQAAAAAAAAZwQAAAAAAABo9wAAAAAAANsIAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAABCHQAAAAAAAKkRAAAAAAAAfAQAAAAAAAARCwAAAAAAABkDAAAAAAAAmg4AAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Le théorème d'Abel donne une condition nécessaire et suffisante de résolution par radicaux. | 4.91 | 8 | 62 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADmBgAAAAAAAGwBAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAACbBwAAAAAAAK0HAAAAAAAATgEAAAAAAAAVAwAAAAAAACgBAAAAAAAAjwIAAAAAAABEBwAAAAAAAFUAAAAAAAAAmwUAAAAAAAC1AwAAAAAAALgCAAAAAAAA+QYAAAAAAAB7BwAAAAAAABYCAAAAAAAAGAQAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAACUFAAAAAAAAJQUAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAAOwCAAAAAAAAOgAAAAAAAAB6AgAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC/HAAAAAAAAPMYAAAAAAAA6gsAAAAAAABmKgAAAAAAAMhmAAAAAAAA/d4AAAAAAABVFQAAAAAAAI0HAAAAAAAALZoAAAAAAAB+VQAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAAqQoAAAAAAADdRgAAAAAAAB9FAAAAAAAAhwMAAAAAAACLRAAAAAAAAJcDAAAAAAAAiScAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAA1lAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAAAnBgAAAAAAAOIHAAAAAAAAaW8AAAAAAAANJgAAAAAAAIsEAAAAAAAA3xQAAAAAAAANPAAAAAAAAIIGAAAAAAA... | Les espaces vectoriels utilisés ont pour éléments ceux du plus petit corps L contenant tous les coefficients du polynôme ainsi que ses racines et le corps sous-jacent est un sous-corps K du premier contenant tous les coefficients. | 14.36 | 8 | 180 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAFsAAAAAAAAAYQMAAAAAAABbAAAAAAAAAOoFAAAAAAAAUwcAAAAAAABWBgAAAAAAAIMDAAAAAAAAdgAAAAAAAAC2BAAAAAAAAK4CAAAAAAAADwIAAAAAAABOAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAWgYAAAAAAAD/BQAAAAAAADoGAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAACPBQAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAAA6BgAAAAAAADoGAAAAAAAA3AQAAAAAAACbBQAAAAAAAPwHAAAAAAAAYAYAAAAAAABFBwAAAAAAAHsGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAAL01AAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAAOGwAAAAAAAOcTAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAACNtAAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAYhQAAAAAAAANIgAAAAAAAMjkAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAAAfRQAAAAAAAIcDAAAAAAAAHwkAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAKVTAAAAAAAA5I0AAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAB9FAAAAAAAA2AMAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Le groupe de Galois est composé des automorphismes du corps L qui laissent invariant le corps K. | 6.04 | 8 | 76 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAO0BAAAAAAAA7QEAAAAAAAA6BgAAAAAAANwEAAAAAAAA3AQAAAAAAAD8BwAAAAAAAL0FAAAAAAAARQcAAAAAAAB7BgAAAAAAAK4GAAAAAAAAmwMAAAAAAADXBwAAAAAAALYCAAAAAAAAoAEAAAAAAABaBgAAAAAAAGYDAAAAAAAAcwYAAAAAAABzBgAAAAAAAKwCAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAAB7BgAAAAAAAOUBAAAAAAAAyQEAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAAlwAAAAAAAAC5AAAAAAAAAL0AAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgzgAAAAAAAGIUAAAAAAAADSIAAAAAAADI5AAAAAAAAA0PAAAAAAAAkwMAAAAAAADHGgAAAAAAALAIAAAAAAAARgIAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAA0PAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAABiFAAAAAAAAA0iAAAAAAAAyOQAAAAAAADVBQAAAAAAANgDAAAAAAAAQF4AAAAAAACZFwAAAAAAAGYqAAAAAAAALAUAAAAAAACHAwAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | Ces automorphismes sont en nombre fini et sont des automorphismes du K-espace vectoriel L. | 5.76 | 8 | 72 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAFgMAAAAAAAC1BwAAAAAAALUHAAAAAAAAMQAAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAAHoAAAAAAAAArQYAAAAAAADoBwAAAAAAADYCAAAAAAAAtQcAAAAAAACmAwAAAAAAAI8HAAAAAAAAjwcAAAAAAADBAwAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAAYAYAAAAAAAB0BgAAAAAAAL8DAAAAAAAAAwEAAAAAAADLBAAAAAAAAOgCAAAAAAAAUgMAAAAAAAB2BQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAxQIAAAAAAACIBwAAAAAAABYHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAniQAAAAAAAC9AwAAAAAAACgEAAAAAAAAXAMAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAqAcAAAAAAAD7DwAAAAAAALJSAAAAAAAABLQAAAAAAACLBAAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAArhIAAAAAAABpDgAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAQh0AAAAAAAA8AwAAAAAAAIZOAAAAAAAAFGIAAAAAAACKCAAAAAAAAHMgAAAAAAAAYhQAAAAAAAANIgAAAAAAAMjkAAAAAAAADQ8AAAAAAADCBAAAAAAAAGwbAAAAAAA... | L'élément clé de la démonstration montre que l'équation est résoluble seulement si ces automorphismes sont diagonalisables. | 7.83 | 8 | 98 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAACHBQAAAAAAANwAAAAAAAAArgcAAAAAAAD9BQAAAAAAAP0FAAAAAAAAAgcAAAAAAABNAAAAAAAAADMFAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAAWAwAAAAAAALQEAAAAAAAAGQcAAAAAAAACBQAAAAAAAKQAAAAAAAAARgQAAAAAAABGBQAAAAAAAGYGAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAACDAAAAAAAAAA0HAAAAAAAA3QQAAAAAAAAWBAAAAAAAANMFAAAAAAAAAQYAAAAAAAAdAgAAAAAAAHAFAAAAAAAAGQAAAAAAAABzBgAAAAAAAJwDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAA0AgAAAAAAAKsWAAAAAAAAxAIAAAAAAABUEQAAAAAAAJIfAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAAAMrgAAAAAAACwCAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAABGIgAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAADTPAAAAAAAAEQCAAAAAAAAHgUAAAAAAACyCAAAAAAAAKw+AAAAAAAAXAMAAAAAAABaDAAAAAAAAMQCAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAAALIAAAAAAAAEIFAAAAAAAArwUAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAO0PAAAAAAAAsFMAAAAAAABvPAAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAA... | Wiens
Les cours du ROSO, dont de l'Algèbre linéaire
Braise : la base raisonnée d'exercices de mathématiques et son chapitre sur l'Algèbre linéaire. | 9.32 | 8 | 117 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAACXAQAAAAAAAF0DAAAAAAAAXQMAAAAAAABOBgAAAAAAAE4GAAAAAAAAyQMAAAAAAABWAgAAAAAAACkHAAAAAAAA1wIAAAAAAACwAgAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAAQAEAAAAAAABgAgAAAAAAAG0EAAAAAAAAgwAAAAAAAADDAQAAAAAAAEIAAAAAAAAAQgAAAAAAAADlBQAAAAAAAMoBAAAAAAAAfgIAAAAAAAB7BwAAAAAAAPgFAAAAAAAAwwcAAAAAAADZAgAAAAAAAM8GAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAeBQAAAAAAALIIAAAAAAAAiJAAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAMMLAAAAAAAAPhEAAAAAAAAeBQAAAAAAALIIAAAAAAAARZ4AAAAAAABlBAAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAJQZAAAAAAAAiQQAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAGcoAAAAAAAAadAAAAAAAAAfCQAAAAAAAH9DAAAAAAAAmJ8AAAAAAABxBQAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAAouMAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAKAdAAAAAAA... | L'algèbre générale, ou algèbre abstraite, est la branche des mathématiques qui porte principalement sur l'étude des structures algébriques et de leurs relations. | 10.24 | 8 | 128 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAQQYAAAAAAABIBgAAAAAAAPkGAAAAAAAAmgUAAAAAAAC9BwAAAAAAAHYFAAAAAAAAgAcAAAAAAAASAAAAAAAAAPUDAAAAAAAAYAIAAAAAAAB2AAAAAAAAADoGAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAEIAAAAAAAAAtQMAAAAAAAB+AgAAAAAAAH4CAAAAAAAAggMAAAAAAAB1BQAAAAAAAFgEAAAAAAAAFgQAAAAAAABtBAAAAAAAAIMAAAAAAAAAKAEAAAAAAAAZBQAAAAAAAOgCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAOVOAAAAAAAAQmoAAAAAAAA+EQAAAAAAAB4FAAAAAAAAsggAAAAAAACIkAAAAAAAAAcDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAADeEAAAAAAAALUEAAAAAAAAPAUAAAAAAAAgSQAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAAB4FAAAAAAAAsggAAAAAAACq+QAAAAAAAFoMAAAAAAAAxBAAAAAAAAByGAAAAAAAAI1nAAAAAAAAp1gAAAAAAABlNAAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAArBUAAAAAAAA+EQAAAAAAAJKaAAAAAAA... | L'appellation algèbre générale s'oppose à celle d'algèbre élémentaire ; cette dernière enseigne le calcul algébrique, c'est-à-dire les règles de manipulation des formules et des expressions algébriques. | 12.08 | 8 | 151 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAbAEAAAAAAADcBgAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAJQQAAAAAAAC5BwAAAAAAAFQBAAAAAAAA1wcAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAA4QIAAAAAAAC1BwAAAAAAAJsHAAAAAAAAvwMAAAAAAACGBQAAAAAAAKcFAAAAAAAAGAQAAAAAAABMAQAAAAAAAOUHAAAAAAAAXgAAAAAAAAAZBQAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAABQBgAAAAAAAFAGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACiUQAAAAAAAF1OAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAKAdAAAAAAAAPhEAAAAAAACSmgAAAAAAAOOVAAAAAAAADQ8AAAAAAACXHgAAAAAAAKMGAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAACBZwAAAAAAAJ0lAAAAAAAABgMAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAGcoAAAAAAAAadAAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAAMQMAAAAAAAD7TAAAAAAAAFUVAAAAAAAAhwoAAAAAAACZFQAAAAAAAKiCAAAAAAAAMA0AAAAAAADfxAAAAAAAADA5AAAAAAA... | Historiquement, les structures algébriques sont apparues dans différents domaines des mathématiques, et n'y ont pas été étudiées séparément. | 8.46 | 8 | 106 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADMAwAAAAAAAAcEAAAAAAAA1AUAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAAAA0BAAAAAAAA7QEAAAAAAAAhBQAAAAAAAGEDAAAAAAAApAAAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAALYEAAAAAAAAgAcAAAAAAAB7BwAAAAAAAIMDAAAAAAAAewcAAAAAAAB0AwAAAAAAAPUDAAAAAAAAhwQAAAAAAACLBgAAAAAAAMMBAAAAAAAAYAIAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAPcCAAAAAAAA3gYAAAAAAABSAQAAAAAAAH4CAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgAgAAAAAAAGkPAAAAAAAAHKIAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAeBQAAAAAAALIIAAAAAAAAiJAAAAAAAAASnwAAAAAAAHRIAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAABF9AAAAAAAAFoEAAAAAAAADgwAAAAAAAC9PQAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAAGDoAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAGcoAAAAAAAAadAAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | C'est pourquoi l'algèbre générale possède beaucoup de connexions avec toutes les branches des mathématiques. | 6.96 | 8 | 87 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAAtQcAAAAAAAAYBAAAAAAAAEwBAAAAAAAApgMAAAAAAADBAwAAAAAAAKUGAAAAAAAAvwMAAAAAAACnBQAAAAAAAEwBAAAAAAAA5QcAAAAAAABeAAAAAAAAABkFAAAAAAAAEgAAAAAAAAD1AwAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAA2QQAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAOUCAAAAAAAA5QIAAAAAAADUAwAAAAAAAP8FAAAAAAAA+gIAAAAAAAD6AgAAAAAAAJMFAAAAAAAAewYAAAAAAAB7BgAAAAAAAHgAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAKLjAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAACgHQAAAAAAAD4RAAAAAAAAkpoAAAAAAADjlQAAAAAAAM4eAAAAAAAA5h0AAAAAAADF8QAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAA52kAAAAAAABFngAAAAAAAGUEAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAAaEAAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAAVcgAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAlV4AAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAAB4FAAAAAAAAsggAAAAAAADgEwAAAAAAAP0JAAAAAAA... | L'étude des structures algébriques peut être faite de manière abstraite, mais unifiée dans le cadre de l'algèbre universelle. | 6.49 | 8 | 82 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAACXAQAAAAAAAJcBAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADUBQAAAAAAAGwBAAAAAAAA1wYAAAAAAADcBgAAAAAAAMgEAAAAAAAAxgcAAAAAAAAPBgAAAAAAADICAAAAAAAA2AUAAAAAAACoBQAAAAAAAFMGAAAAAAAATAQAAAAAAAALAQAAAAAAACoBAAAAAAAAhQcAAAAAAADzAAAAAAAAANEEAAAAAAAARgQAAAAAAACTBQAAAAAAAJMFAAAAAAAANwcAAAAAAABtBwAAAAAAAF0GAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADPWgAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAA7dIAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAATT4AAAAAAACgJgAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAZygAAAAAAABp0AAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAAAfmwAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAACsAwAAAAAAAC33AAAAAAAAcAMAAAAAAABaxAAAAAAAAFUVAAAAAAAAv+cAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAAEJXAAAAAAAADQgAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAASloAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAA... | Histoire
Comme dans d'autres parties des mathématiques, des problèmes et des exemples concrets ont joué un rôle important dans le développement de l'algèbre abstraite. | 10.64 | 8 | 133 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAASgAAAAAAAABTAgAAAAAAAIcHAAAAAAAAFwcAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAAAkBAAAAAAAAewYAAAAAAAANAwAAAAAAAP0FAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAAA1BgAAAAAAACYDAAAAAAAAsgUAAAAAAAD6BwAAAAAAAM8GAAAAAAAAXwMAAAAAAAAaBwAAAAAAAFsAAAAAAAAAYQMAAAAAAAACBQAAAAAAAJEBAAAAAAAAPwIAAAAAAABtBAAAAAAAAKkBAAAAAAAAJgMAAAAAAABTAgAAAAAAAEIGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAnAgAAAAAAAPArAAAAAAAADzUAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAALAIAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAADBBgAAAAAAAHRIAAAAAAAAdQQAAAAAAADDCwAAAAAAAKkKAAAAAAAAdQQAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAHMgAAAAAAAAH5sAAAAAAABYWQAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAAIIUAAAAAAADMlAAAAAAAAOAmAAAAAAAAfAUAAAAAAAA8BQAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAbvEAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAANkuAAAAAAAAbAQAAAAAAAA+EQAAAAAAAJKaAAAAAAA... | Jusqu'à la fin du , beaucoup - ou plus - de ces problèmes étaient en quelque sorte liés à la théorie des équations algébriques. | 6.54 | 8 | 82 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAA8wcAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAAGACAAAAAAAAYAIAAAAAAAAFAAAAAAAAAHYAAAAAAAAA/AcAAAAAAADRAgAAAAAAAMYBAAAAAAAAqQcAAAAAAAD9BQAAAAAAAAYFAAAAAAAA+AUAAAAAAADyBwAAAAAAANEBAAAAAAAAKAYAAAAAAABrAQAAAAAAALACAAAAAAAACQEAAAAAAAB7BgAAAAAAAP0FAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAABGBQAAAAAAACYDAAAAAAAAMQYAAAAAAADFAwAAAAAAAL0AAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADOcAAAAAAAAB4FAAAAAAAAsggAAAAAAACQdgAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAAugsAAAAAAACwCAAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAACDsAAAAAAADVBQAAAAAAANoCAAAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAA6fAAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAA9QUAAAAAAACVSQAAAAAAAEICAAAAAAAA+7EAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAQoAAAAAAAAB3AwAAAAAAAGweAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAABnKAAAAAAAAGnQAAAAAAA... | Algèbre moderne
La fin du et le début du a connu un énorme changement dans la méthodologie des mathématiques. | 6.96 | 8 | 87 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAACaBwAAAAAAAG8GAAAAAAAAsAIAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAAPUDAAAAAAAAYAIAAAAAAAC1AwAAAAAAAMoBAAAAAAAAFAYAAAAAAAC/AwAAAAAAAJsGAAAAAAAAcQIAAAAAAAB4AAAAAAAAAPoCAAAAAAAAwgIAAAAAAAD0BgAAAAAAAFkHAAAAAAAA3gYAAAAAAACyBAAAAAAAAPUDAAAAAAAAlwYAAAAAAADcBAAAAAAAAKcFAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAABGBAAAAAAAADUGAAAAAAAANQYAAAAAAADBAwAAAAAAAFAGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAeBQAAAAAAALIIAAAAAAAARZ4AAAAAAABlBAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAA9QUAAAAAAACjBAAAAAAAALLLAAAAAAAAVHAAAAAAAADVBQAAAAAAAAg7AAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAADBBgAAAAAAAOoeAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAAAUDQAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAAB4FAAAAAAAAsggAAAAAAACQdgAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | L'algèbre abstraite a émergé autour du début du , sous le nom d'algèbre moderne. | 4.96 | 8 | 62 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAD8BAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAANQFAAAAAAAASgMAAAAAAAANAQAAAAAAACQDAAAAAAAAugQAAAAAAAAHAgAAAAAAAEwBAAAAAAAAUAUAAAAAAAAYBAAAAAAAAFoHAAAAAAAAmAAAAAAAAADsAgAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAAewEAAAAAAADwBQAAAAAAAPMEAAAAAAAA0wEAAAAAAAC5BwAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAABzBgAAAAAAAGYDAAAAAAAAmwYAAAAAAABxAgAAAAAAAMIFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADKYQAAAAAAAKzSAAAAAAAAlOoAAAAAAAB+KwAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAC0LgAAAAAAACG+AAAAAAAAVScAAAAAAACNBwAAAAAAAKkKAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAABtAwAAAAAAAEcrAAAAAAAAOwMAAAAAAADXMAAAAAAAAAIpAAAAAAAAkwMAAAAAAABnKAAAAAAAAGnQAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Son étude faisait partie de l'entraînement pour plus de rigueur intellectuelle en mathématiques. | 5.73 | 8 | 72 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAAzQIAAAAAAADNAgAAAAAAAM0CAAAAAAAAZAIAAAAAAADGAgAAAAAAANIAAAAAAAAAtQcAAAAAAADBAwAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAAvwAAAAAAAADJAQAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAAcQEAAAAAAAB2BQAAAAAAANkGAAAAAAAAwwEAAAAAAADNBQAAAAAAACsAAAAAAAAAtAIAAAAAAABNBgAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAJQcAAAAAAAD7AgAAAAAAALsAAAAAAAAAwgUAAAAAAAATBQAAAAAAADQBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC/HAAAAAAAAMWvAAAAAAAAvQgAAAAAAABjDQAAAAAAAEYCAAAAAAAAEBcAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAHB+AAAAAAAAoB0AAAAAAAA+EQAAAAAAAJKaAAAAAAAA45UAAAAAAABVFQAAAAAAAPUFAAAAAAAAowQAAAAAAACyywAAAAAAAPsEAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Les définitions officielles de certaines structures algébriques ont émergé au. | 4.86 | 8 | 61 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAADMAwAAAAAAAAcEAAAAAAAA1AUAAAAAAADUBQAAAAAAAIYHAAAAAAAAhgcAAAAAAACGBwAAAAAAAIYHAAAAAAAAhgcAAAAAAACGBwAAAAAAAIYHAAAAAAAAhgcAAAAAAACGBwAAAAAAAIMFAAAAAAAAtwIAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAABeAAAAAAAAANkGAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAAAlBwAAAAAAADQGAAAAAAAAdAUAAAAAAAASAAAAAAAAAPUDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsKAAAAAAAAHccAAAAAAAAygMAAAAAAAAuCgAAAAAAALBTAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAABwBQAAAAAAAGYyAAAAAAAAxQoAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAAB4FAAAAAAAAsggAAAAAAABFngAAAAAAAGUEAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAADbzwAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAAKUQAAAAAAAJ0lAAAAAAAABgMAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAGcoAAAAAAAAadAAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAA... | Applications
En raison de sa généralité, l'algèbre abstraite est utilisée dans de nombreux domaines des mathématiques et de la science. | 8.51 | 8 | 107 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAD8BAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAACXAQAAAAAAAPcBAAAAAAAAZQUAAAAAAADOAwAAAAAAAK0DAAAAAAAAXgAAAAAAAADdAgAAAAAAAN0CAAAAAAAAHQYAAAAAAADVAgAAAAAAAGQGAAAAAAAAXgcAAAAAAABtBAAAAAAAAG0EAAAAAAAARgQAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAABgDAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAAAZBgAAAAAAAMUGAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAAASAAAAAAAAAPUDAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAACiAAAAAAAAAPwEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAEEQAAAAAAAO1FAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAHwKAAAAAAAAbB4AAAAAAAA+EQAAAAAAAJKaAAAAAAAAqS0AAAAAAAA+mwAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAArtUAAAAAAAA+EQAAAAAAAJKaAAAAAAAA45UAAAAAAACNBwAAAAAAAGkIAAAAAAAArNIAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Par exemple, la topologie algébrique utilise des objets algébriques pour son étude. | 5.36 | 8 | 67 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAABeBwAAAAAAAIUFAAAAAAAAlwYAAAAAAAB2AAAAAAAAAG0GAAAAAAAArgcAAAAAAADBBAAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAABQBgAAAAAAAFAGAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAO4FAAAAAAAAwQMAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAA0CAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA8AEAAAAAAABMAQAAAAAAADUGAAAAAAAAdwEAAAAAAAB3AQAAAAAAAHcBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC6CwAAAAAAAG7xAAAAAAAAPhEAAAAAAACSmgAAAAAAAKktAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAACTyAAAAAAAAN/eAAAAAAAAcgMAAAAAAACqFQAAAAAAAMXIAAAAAAAAmg4AAAAAAABuBgAAAAAAANAXAAAAAAAAHhIAAAAAAAAfCQAAAAAAAGYyAAAAAAAAPqAAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAB54AAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAACnBQAAAAAAAFYOAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | La théorie algébrique des nombres étudie divers anneaux numériques qui généralisent l'ensemble des entiers. | 6.01 | 8 | 76 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAEUEAAAAAAAA1wMAAAAAAABcAQAAAAAAABwAAAAAAAAAEQMAAAAAAAAlBQAAAAAAAP4GAAAAAAAAXgAAAAAAAADRAAAAAAAAAGQGAAAAAAAAhQUAAAAAAACfBAAAAAAAAJcGAAAAAAAAdgAAAAAAAAAlBQAAAAAAAI8FAAAAAAAAygMAAAAAAAB7AwAAAAAAAJ4GAAAAAAAAngYAAAAAAAA6BgAAAAAAAF4AAAAAAAAAqQAAAAAAAAD1AwAAAAAAAPUDAAAAAAAAWwAAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAAPUAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAuCgAAAAAAABjyAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAABu8QAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAk8gAAAAAAAA+EQAAAAAAAJKaAAAAAAAA45UAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAGE0AAAAAAAAmwMAAAAAAABdDwAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAA6gMAAAAAAAADKwAAAAAAAFwDAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAAD+RwAAAAAAAO9DAAAAAAAACQMAAAAAAABLFwAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAy5YAAAAAAAAIAwAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | En utilisant la théorie des nombres algébriques, Andrew Wiles a prouvé le dernier théorème de Fermat. | 6.2 | 8 | 78 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADMAwAAAAAAAMwDAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAABBBQAAAAAAAIMDAAAAAAAAwQQAAAAAAABhAwAAAAAAAHYAAAAAAAAAJQUAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAArQUAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAPUAAAAAAAAALwAAAAAAAAC1BwAAAAAAALUHAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAABMAQAAAAAAAFAFAAAAAAAAuQcAAAAAAACPBQAAAAAAAMEEAAAAAAAAhwQAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAAIMAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAAAtmEAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAACi4wAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAAA1DwAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAS9QAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAIkaAAAAAAAAHwkAAAAAAAANDwAAAAAAAF9BAAAAAAAAbAgAAAAAAAAwDQAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAACoBwAAAAAAAMgzAAAAAAAAZwQAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAKNeAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAAAEAgAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAA... | Lalgorithmique est l'étude et la production de règles et techniques qui sont impliquées dans la définition et la conception d'algorithmes, c'est-à-dire de processus systématiques de résolution d'un problème permettant de décrire précisément des étapes pour résoudre un problème algorithmique. | 18.44 | 8 | 231 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAWAMAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAADEAAAAAAAAA0QIAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAKQFAAAAAAAA9QMAAAAAAAAZBgAAAAAAALIFAAAAAAAAjQAAAAAAAAAWAwAAAAAAAJMBAAAAAAAAkwEAAAAAAADoAQAAAAAAAGAGAAAAAAAAwwYAAAAAAAAjAgAAAAAAAGADAAAAAAAABQAAAAAAAAADBQAAAAAAAH0DAAAAAAAA2QQAAAAAAADsAAAAAAAAANcHAAAAAAAAxAYAAAAAAACrBAAAAAAAAI8CAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC+dwAAAAAAACQHAAAAAAAAbB4AAAAAAADKAwAAAAAAAKwLAAAAAAAAsgsAAAAAAADIBgAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAAxQUAAAAAAAA7DwAAAAAAAJWEAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAAAUDQAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAAZygAAAAAAAC9DQAAAAAAAFUJAAAAAAAADgUAAAAAAADTBQAAAAAAAJsYAAAAAAAARQIAAAAAAABUAgAAAAAAABsMAAAAAAAAfB0AAAAAAABKAgAAAAAAABwVAAAAAAAASwMAAAAAAABJAgAAAAAAAL8YAAAAAAA... | Étymologie
Le mot « algorithme » vient du nom du mathématicien Al-Khwârizmî (latinisé au Moyen Âge en ), qui, au écrivit le premier ouvrage systématique donnant des solutions aux équations linéaires et quadratiques. | 12 | 8 | 150 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAhAQAAAAAAACTAQAAAAAAAOMFAAAAAAAAggAAAAAAAACNBQAAAAAAAPgCAAAAAAAAdAMAAAAAAAB0AwAAAAAAAK0FAAAAAAAAJgMAAAAAAADxBQAAAAAAAKkHAAAAAAAAggAAAAAAAABfAwAAAAAAAHsDAAAAAAAAewMAAAAAAAD9AgAAAAAAAFMCAAAAAAAAvwMAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAAM0FAAAAAAAAcAEAAAAAAAAhBQAAAAAAAHsBAAAAAAAAbQcAAAAAAACIAAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAACwDAAAAAAAAqyQAAAAAAAAtAwAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAArggAAAAAAAAMBwAAAAAAAKR7AAAAAAAAfAQAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAADc0AAAAAAAAJAcAAAAAAABsHgAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAAlYQAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAAHCOAAAAAAAAqAcAAAAAAABsEQAAAAAAAHwEAAAAAAAAyyUAAAAAAACf9gAAAAAAAL0DAAAAAAAADgwAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAFqrAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAABLAwAAAAAAABQDAAAAAAA... | Le h muet, non justifié par l'étymologie, vient d’une déformation par rapprochement avec le grec (arithmós). | 6.52 | 8 | 82 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAPgEAAAAAAAAZgUAAAAAAAC8BgAAAAAAAFUDAAAAAAAA2QQAAAAAAAA+BAAAAAAAAC8BAAAAAAAAxAYAAAAAAABgAwAAAAAAAE0GAAAAAAAADQIAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAMUGAAAAAAAAggAAAAAAAABgAwAAAAAAALwGAAAAAAAAbwMAAAAAAAAlBAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAACwMAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAOUCAAAAAAAA5QIAAAAAAADDBwAAAAAAAJoCAAAAAAAAzAIAAAAAAACkBgAAAAAAAPMAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADQHQAAAAAAAF5CAAAAAAAAGhoAAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAADsPAAAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAihwAAAAAAAMgGAAAAAAAAQiwAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAAGRYAAAAAAAA" | « Algorithme » a donné « algorithmique ». | 2.21 | 8 | 28 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAAbAEAAAAAAAA0BgAAAAAAAMkBAAAAAAAA9wIAAAAAAABDBAAAAAAAAA4AAAAAAAAAlwUAAAAAAACCAAAAAAAAAKcGAAAAAAAAYAMAAAAAAAC8BgAAAAAAALwGAAAAAAAA2QQAAAAAAADsAAAAAAAAAIUFAAAAAAAArQUAAAAAAACzBgAAAAAAABkGAAAAAAAAFQYAAAAAAABMAwAAAAAAAM8GAAAAAAAA3gAAAAAAAABVAQAAAAAAAKgDAAAAAAAA5QcAAAAAAAD8BwAAAAAAAGAGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAAOgZAAAAAAAAq58AAAAAAADIBgAAAAAAAEIsAAAAAAAAcgMAAAAAAACxMgAAAAAAACH2AAAAAAAAsgsAAAAAAAAKfQAAAAAAAHwEAAAAAAAA7UUAAAAAAAB8BAAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAAJT4AAAAAAAByDQAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAACKFgAAAAAAAA4CAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAAMcuAAAAAAAAG3YAAAAAAAAKfQAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | Le synonyme « algorithmie », vieux mot utilisé par exemple par Wronski en 1811, est encore parfois utilisé. | 7.32 | 8 | 92 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAACHBgAAAAAAAGwBAAAAAAAA1wYAAAAAAADqBwAAAAAAAMgEAAAAAAAAtgQAAAAAAADGBwAAAAAAADICAAAAAAAAYgMAAAAAAAC3AgAAAAAAAGYDAAAAAAAA0wEAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAAcDAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAACFBQAAAAAAAJ8EAAAAAAAAsAUAAAAAAAA6AAAAAAAAAHoCAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAACzBwAAAAAAABYDAAAAAAAA9QcAAAAAAAAhBQAAAAAAALoFAAAAAAAAgwAAAAAAAAAuAgAAAAAAAA4AAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADPWgAAAAAAAP0BAAAAAAAACzEAAAAAAABsCAAAAAAAAMUKAAAAAAAAygMAAAAAAAC/HAAAAAAAAGBrAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADYEQAAAAAAAEYiAAAAAAAAdAMAAAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAM5OAAAAAAAAUT8AAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAIhlAAAAAAAAmA4AAAAAAAAmAwAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAXIcAAAAAAACrFgAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAA+wQAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Histoire
Antiquité
Les premiers algorithmes dont on a retrouvé des descriptions datent des Babyloniens, au. | 7.12 | 8 | 89 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAAAcEAAAAAAAA1AUAAAAAAABhBgAAAAAAANIAAAAAAAAAwQMAAAAAAAB8AQAAAAAAAHwBAAAAAAAAbQYAAAAAAACoAwAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAAwQMAAAAAAADxBQAAAAAAAHwBAAAAAAAALwMAAAAAAABNBgAAAAAAAFMHAAAAAAAAEAIAAAAAAADOBQAAAAAAAMEEAAAAAAAA4AQAAAAAAABQBQAAAAAAACYDAAAAAAAAFgIAAAAAAACyBQAAAAAAAPoHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAmAgAAAAAAAFoRAAAAAAAAGBcAAAAAAADFMQAAAAAAACYDAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAABCgAAAAAAAABMRAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAACsFQAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAABCHQAAAAAAADwDAAAAAAAAfBAAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAANlFAAAAAAAAbAQAAAAAAAA8BQAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAAIY0AAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAAMQgAAAAAAAALfcAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Ils décrivent des méthodes de calcul et des résolutions d'équations à l'aide d'exemples. | 5.6 | 8 | 70 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADMAwAAAAAAAMwDAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADUBQAAAAAAAK8AAAAAAAAArwAAAAAAAACvAAAAAAAAAPYCAAAAAAAAVwUAAAAAAAA9AQAAAAAAAOcAAAAAAAAAVQMAAAAAAABUAgAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAAXgcAAAAAAAAlBwAAAAAAAK8HAAAAAAAARwIAAAAAAADBBAAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAAdgAAAAAAAACbBwAAAAAAADQGAAAAAAAAtgMAAAAAAAAWAgAAAAAAAPUAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACHCwAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAAxQUAAAAAAABVxQAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAR0QAAAAAAAAfCQAAAAAAAJ0DAAAAAAAA8UwAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAANsWAAAAAAAAUkUAAAAAAACDBgAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAAtBwAAAAAAABSAgAAAAAAAInAAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAJSpAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAAtBwAAAAAAABSAgAAAAAAAInAAAAAAAA... | Un algorithme célèbre est celui qui se trouve dans le des Éléments d'Euclide, et appelé algorithme d'Euclide. | 6.88 | 8 | 86 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAANIAAAAAAAAANwcAAAAAAACdBwAAAAAAAJIGAAAAAAAAOAIAAAAAAABNBgAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAcgEAAAAAAACkAAAAAAAAADUAAAAAAAAAgQQAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAALcHAAAAAAAA1QYAAAAAAAAQAgAAAAAAAJkEAAAAAAAAngcAAAAAAADRBAAAAAAAAHcBAAAAAAAAqAMAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAABkFAAAAAAAALAIAAAAAAACZBAAAAAAAAAMFAAAAAAAAJgUAAAAAAAD8BwAAAAAAADEHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAABjFwAAAAAAAHY9AAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAADAaAAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAqQoAAAAAAABIFAAAAAAAAAIOAAAAAAAAQgUAAAAAAAA7AwAAAAAAAPQHAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAADDCwAAAAAAAFCoAAAAAAAA3RwAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAJRYAAAAAAACTyAAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | Il permet de trouver le plus grand diviseur commun, ou PGCD, de deux nombres. | 4.8 | 8 | 60 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAF0DAAAAAAAAXQMAAAAAAAChAAAAAAAAALsDAAAAAAAAdwIAAAAAAADVAQAAAAAAADIAAAAAAAAA7wIAAAAAAACiBwAAAAAAAPAFAAAAAAAA0wEAAAAAAACHBwAAAAAAAOAEAAAAAAAAFgIAAAAAAADBAQAAAAAAAPwHAAAAAAAAYAYAAAAAAAClBAAAAAAAALYAAAAAAAAALgIAAAAAAADhBgAAAAAAAPAFAAAAAAAAFwcAAAAAAAAsAgAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAABwIAAAAAAAB8AQAAAAAAAAcDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACHCwAAAAAAAFEIAAAAAAAASD8AAAAAAADPUAAAAAAAAO71AAAAAAAAVAQAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAAMcDAAAAAAAABLEAAAAAAABf3wAAAAAAAMQ0AAAAAAAARwUAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAAKgDAAAAAAAANzkAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAIsEAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAADaAgAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAAAPAgAAAAAAAKgHAAAAAAAAiUEAAAAAAACgBwAAAAAAAHAFAAAAAAAAC10AAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Un point particulièrement remarquable est qu’il contient explicitement une itération et que les et 2 démontrent sa correction. | 8.28 | 8 | 104 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOICAAAAAAAA7QEAAAAAAADOAgAAAAAAAI0FAAAAAAAA6wcAAAAAAAC4BwAAAAAAAHABAAAAAAAAOAIAAAAAAADJBwAAAAAAAE0GAAAAAAAAhgAAAAAAAADuBQAAAAAAABEDAAAAAAAAVAEAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAAG0EAAAAAAAAbQQAAAAAAACDAAAAAAAAADoGAAAAAAAAUgEAAAAAAAB+AgAAAAAAAHsHAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAAC3BwAAAAAAALoFAAAAAAAAgwAAAAAAAAAuAgAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgAgAAAAAAAGkPAAAAAAAALBUAAAAAAABCAwAAAAAAABdSAAAAAAAAHwkAAAAAAACzHgAAAAAAAD4CAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAAA8IwAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAAI0HAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAACsFQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | C'est Archimède qui proposa le premier un algorithme pour le calcul de. | 4.45 | 8 | 56 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAFgDAAAAAAAAcwMAAAAAAABQBQAAAAAAAKoAAAAAAAAAMQIAAAAAAACZBwAAAAAAALUGAAAAAAAAvwMAAAAAAAC/AwAAAAAAAPQGAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAADTAQAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAA9QAAAAAAAADlAgAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAtwcAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAAIMAAAAAAAAADgAAAAAAAADBAQAAAAAAAFIBAAAAAAAAlQUAAAAAAAA1AAAAAAAAALYEAAAAAAAAZQMAAAAAAAAEAgAAAAAAAKkDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC+dwAAAAAAADQMAAAAAAAAvzQAAAAAAACI0wAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAArAsAAAAAAAA8IwAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAAAkzEAAAAAAAC/NAAAAAAAAL0NAAAAAAAACAMAAAAAAACWLAAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADYEQAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAABnKAAAAAAAAL0NAAAAAAAAVQkAAAAAAAAOBQAAAAAAAFsNAAAAAAAAQgIAAAAAAADTBQAAAAAAAJsYAAAAAAAARQIAAAAAAABUAgAAAAAAABsMAAAAAAA... | Étude systématique
Le premier à avoir systématisé des algorithmes est le mathématicien perse Al-Khwârizmî, actif entre 813 et 833. | 9.3 | 8 | 117 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAXQMAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAAAcEAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAADUBQAAAAAAAHgGAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAACcBAAAAAAAAEsEAAAAAAAAUAIAAAAAAADCBwAAAAAAALUFAAAAAAAAAwEAAAAAAAB+AgAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAAhwQAAAAAAACHBAAAAAAAAJsEAAAAAAAAvwAAAAAAAAD1AwAAAAAAAI8FAAAAAAAANQYAAAAAAABMAQAAAAAAABcHAAAAAAAAzgUAAAAAAADgBAAAAAAAAFAFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACiSwAAAAAAAGkIAAAAAAAAq1wAAAAAAACqEwAAAAAAANZ4AAAAAAAAMA8AAAAAAABcAwAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAArBUAAAAAAAB8BAAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAQyMAAAAAAABUAwAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAAB7FQAAAAAAAEQqAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAADtBgAAAAAAAN/eAAAAAAAAcgMAAAAAAAC9PQAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAA2S4AAAAAAABsBAAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAAJQkAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAALNdAAAAAAA... | Dans son ouvrage Abrégé du calcul par la restauration et la comparaison, il étudie toutes les équations du second degré et en donne la résolution par des algorithmes généraux. | 10.92 | 8 | 137 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAA0gAAAAAAAAC5BwAAAAAAAFABAAAAAAAAuwYAAAAAAAAlBQAAAAAAACUFAAAAAAAA2wEAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAA9AYAAAAAAAD0BgAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAALwMAAAAAAAAvAwAAAAAAAHwHAAAAAAAA+QQAAAAAAABLBAAAAAAAAEsEAAAAAAAAxAcAAAAAAACwAgAAAAAAAFIBAAAAAAAAkgUAAAAAAAAzAgAAAAAAAMUDAAAAAAAAoAYAAAAAAABgAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAABjFwAAAAAAAD6bAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAABCgAAAAAAAABMRAAAAAAAA264AAAAAAADdCwAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAAA2JEAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAFyHAAAAAAAAqxYAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAABoQAAAAAAAAnQMAAAAAAAD/SgAAAAAAAAAFAAAAAAAARyAAAAAAAAB8BAAAAAAAAN8UAAAAAAAArAMAAAAAAAB3HAAAAAAAAL80AAAAAAAAadAAAAAAAAACWAAAAAAAAOojAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAABchwAAAAAAAKsWAAAAAAA... | Il utilise des méthodes semblables à celles des Babyloniens, mais se différencie par ses explications systématiques là où les Babyloniens donnaient seulement des exemples. | 9.71 | 8 | 122 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAACXAQAAAAAAAMwDAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADUBQAAAAAAAK8AAAAAAAAArwAAAAAAAABVAQAAAAAAAGoAAAAAAAAArwcAAAAAAAB6AQAAAAAAAJUFAAAAAAAAngcAAAAAAACeBwAAAAAAALcCAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAADGAQAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAGgQAAAAAAACVBQAAAAAAAD4GAAAAAAAAtQMAAAAAAAB2AAAAAAAAAJ0EAAAAAAAAqQcAAAAAAACOAwAAAAAAAB4GAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAAK8aAAAAAAAAlwMAAAAAAAAqAwAAAAAAABIDAAAAAAAAHgMAAAAAAABDAwAAAAAAAJkDAAAAAAAAJQMAAAAAAADTCgAAAAAAAEsDAAAAAAAAICoAAAAAAAATAgAAAAAAAAoCAAAAAAAARzMAAAAAAAAVAgAAAAAAAAYCAAAAAAAA/swAAAAAAABNBQAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAAYtAAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAALBTAAAAAAAAVScAAAAAAADqIwAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAANwMAAAAAAADEWgAAAAAAAAcDAAAAAAA... | Le savant andalou Averroès (1126-1198) évoque une méthode de raisonnement où la thèse s’affine étape par étape, itérativement, jusqu’à une certaine convergence et ceci conformément au déroulement d’un algorithme. | 14.72 | 8 | 184 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAPMHAAAAAAAAYAMAAAAAAAA4AgAAAAAAAPQGAAAAAAAAQgAAAAAAAAAhBQAAAAAAAK8DAAAAAAAA9wMAAAAAAAADBQAAAAAAAB0HAAAAAAAAwwYAAAAAAACkAAAAAAAAANMFAAAAAAAAtQIAAAAAAACTAQAAAAAAABMHAAAAAAAA6AEAAAAAAACVBwAAAAAAAH4EAAAAAAAATQYAAAAAAADBBAAAAAAAAMoBAAAAAAAAqQAAAAAAAACcAwAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAAbQcAAAAAAABkBgAAAAAAALsAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAHTQAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAArx0AAAAAAAAnvQAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAA+wQAAAAAAADBBgAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAARw0AAAAAAADQAwAAAAAAALexAAAAAAAA8AMAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAACyBAAAAAAAAuA8AAAAAAAARAwAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAA2l4AAAAAAADsrQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAwQYAAAAAAAB8BAAAAAAAAP2PAAAAAAAA+wQAAAAAAAAUDQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAA0wUAAAAAAADVLwAAAAAAAFICAAAAAAA... | À la même époque, au , le moine Adelard de Bath introduit le terme latin de , par référence au nom de Al Khuwarizmi. | 6.12 | 8 | 77 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAADiAgAAAAAAAIUGAAAAAAAAtgMAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAsgIAAAAAAABGBAAAAAAAAL8CAAAAAAAABgUAAAAAAAD3AgAAAAAAAIMDAAAAAAAAvAYAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAALUDAAAAAAAAPgQAAAAAAAAvAQAAAAAAAGAGAAAAAAAARQcAAAAAAAANAwAAAAAAAL0FAAAAAAAAvQUAAAAAAAB0BgAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAA/gIAAAAAAACpBwAAAAAAAIIAAAAAAAAAtwIAAAAAAABFBAAAAAAAAK0FAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAABUwAAAAAAALILAAAAAAAAnFsAAAAAAACVHwAAAAAAAMUFAAAAAAAAkwMAAAAAAAC4JQAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAAC8KgAAAAAAABECAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Ce mot donne algorithme en français en 1554. | 3.56 | 8 | 45 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAHoFAAAAAAAAYQMAAAAAAACeAQAAAAAAAG0BAAAAAAAASgMAAAAAAABKAwAAAAAAABUFAAAAAAAAFQUAAAAAAAAVBQAAAAAAAIsFAAAAAAAADAEAAAAAAAD0BQAAAAAAAKQAAAAAAAAA6wEAAAAAAADIBwAAAAAAAGYDAAAAAAAAkwUAAAAAAACDAAAAAAAAADUAAAAAAAAAtgQAAAAAAACuAgAAAAAAAE4HAAAAAAAAbwQAAAAAAAD7AgAAAAAAAF0GAAAAAAAA+gIAAAAAAADCBQAAAAAAAI8HAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAoWAAAAAAAAMEGAAAAAAAAdAMAAAAAAAALhwAAAAAAANcMAAAAAAAAKjEAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAAOEMAAAAAAAAQgIAAAAAAABZBAAAAAAAAFkWAAAAAAAAPAUAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAGLQAAAAAAAAQiwAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAAGc8AAAAAAAAS4sAAAAAAAC7RgAAAAAAAHW5AAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAGLQAAAAAAAAiJAAAAAAAACzHgAAAAAAAIsHAAAAAAAAfAQAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAOAnAAAAAAA... | Au , on pourrait entrevoir une certaine allusion à la méthode algorithmique chez René Descartes dans la méthode générale proposée par le Discours de la méthode (1637), notamment quand, en sa deuxième partie, le mathématicien français propose de. | 15.64 | 8 | 196 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAACEBAAAAAAAAA0BAAAAAAAASwQAAAAAAABeAAAAAAAAAIEEAAAAAAAAVQUAAAAAAAAQAgAAAAAAAC8AAAAAAAAAvQAAAAAAAAC9AAAAAAAAAHwBAAAAAAAArQMAAAAAAAChAQAAAAAAAHEBAAAAAAAAcQEAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAAOwAAAAAAAAA1wcAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAAHMGAAAAAAAA5wAAAAAAAABOAAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAwgQAAAAAAAD7AgAAAAAAAHQFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAwAgAAAAAAAOYDAAAAAAAA/swAAAAAAAA0KwAAAAAAAMQ0AAAAAAAARwUAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAAcqAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAC8PAAAAAAAAOcLAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAAOMDAAAAAAAAxQoAAAAAAACICQAAAAAAAMMLAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAABqMQAAAAAAACjNAAAAAAAAcgMAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAA4wMAAAAAAAClJQAAAAAAAIkEAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAC7RgAAAAAAAHW5AAAAAAA... | Sans évoquer explicitement les concepts de boucle, d’itération ou de dichotomie, l’approche de Descartes prédispose la logique à accueillir le concept de programme, mot qui naît en français en 1677. | 13.08 | 8 | 164 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAXQMAAAAAAADdBwAAAAAAAN0HAAAAAAAA3QcAAAAAAACZAAAAAAAAALMHAAAAAAAAgwUAAAAAAABFBAAAAAAAALoEAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAAE4HAAAAAAAAiAUAAAAAAAANAwAAAAAAANMBAAAAAAAAPgQAAAAAAAByAQAAAAAAAHIBAAAAAAAAiQEAAAAAAABUBAAAAAAAAAUHAAAAAAAATAMAAAAAAABfAwAAAAAAALACAAAAAAAAOAIAAAAAAABkBgAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAuCgAAAAAAANoCAAAAAAAAsxIAAAAAAAAQAgAAAAAAAMEGAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAABnKAAAAAAAAL0NAAAAAAAAVQkAAAAAAABLJAAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAATrMAAAAAAAALCwAAAAAAAL4KAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAAA+QQAAAAAAACwHAAAAAAAArjoAAAAAAAA0CAAAAAAAAD4CAAAAAAAA4XoAAAAAAAAoAwAAAAAAAIcEAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAABkaQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAcB4AAAAAAADN6AAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAA... | En 1843 , la mathématicienne et pionnière des sciences informatique Ada Lovelace, fille de Lord Byron et assistante de Charles Babbage réalise la première implémentation d'un algorithme sous forme de programme (calcul des nombres de Bernoulli). | 16 | 8 | 200 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAACaBwAAAAAAAN0HAAAAAAAAbwYAAAAAAABwAgAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAAdwEAAAAAAAB3AQAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAA1gYAAAAAAACXBQAAAAAAAIUHAAAAAAAAugUAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAAIsGAAAAAAAANgIAAAAAAACpBwAAAAAAAJcFAAAAAAAARAAAAAAAAABTBwAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAA8AcAAAAAAAAlBQAAAAAAAFAGAAAAAAAAnQcAAAAAAADeBgAAAAAAAF0GAAAAAAAAXQYAAAAAAAARAwAAAAAAAM0FAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAAMIEAAAAAAAARRQAAAAAAABLFwAAAAAAAHqDAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAAa7AAAAAAAAB8JAAAAAAAAsxcAAAAAAAB+KwAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAAA0bQAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAA2gIAAAAAAADmBwAAAAAAAHwFAAAAAAAAfAQAAAAAAADWFQAAAAAAABrsAAAAAAAAkwMAAAAAAADaAgAAAAAAAAELAAAAAAAADQIAAAAAAAA8BQAAAAAAAHoUAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAAAoBAAAAAAAAHnoAAAAAAA... | Le dixième problème de Hilbert qui fait partie de la liste des posés par David Hilbert en 1900 à Paris est clairement un problème algorithmique. | 9.6 | 8 | 120 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAA+AQAAAAAAAA2BAAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAhQIAAAAAAADgBAAAAAAAAOUHAAAAAAAAngcAAAAAAAClBAAAAAAAAAIHAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAADNAAAAAAAAAB0DAAAAAAAAXwMAAAAAAACwAgAAAAAAAK4CAAAAAAAAYwYAAAAAAABtBAAAAAAAAHQGAAAAAAAAwgQAAAAAAABHAgAAAAAAAHwBAAAAAAAABwMAAAAAAAAOAQAAAAAAAA4BAAAAAAAA1gYAAAAAAACHBAAAAAAAADcHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAuCgAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAARtgAAAAAAANYkAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAHWzAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAADHAwAAAAAAAFEdAAAAAAAAMQMAAAAAAAD7TAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAhwoAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAaGgAAAAAAAMUFAAAAAAAAtnoAAAAAAACXAwAAAAAAAPsEAAAAAAAAeoMAAAAAAADmBwAAAAAAAFwDAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | En l'occurrence, la réponse est qu'il n'y a pas d'algorithme répondant au problème posé. | 5.48 | 8 | 69 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAD8BAAAAAAAAhAQAAAAAAAAkAwAAAAAAAD8HAAAAAAAAawQAAAAAAABzBgAAAAAAANEEAAAAAAAAngcAAAAAAACeBwAAAAAAAAEGAAAAAAAAZwcAAAAAAADmAQAAAAAAAOYBAAAAAAAAwAYAAAAAAADaAQAAAAAAAFQHAAAAAAAAqAMAAAAAAAC1BQAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAAugQAAAAAAAAJAQAAAAAAAA0DAAAAAAAA/AcAAAAAAAA4AgAAAAAAAMEEAAAAAAAAJQUAAAAAAABxAQAAAAAAAOQCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgAgAAAAAAAKRUAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAADKkgAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAnSYAAAAAAAArIQAAAAAAAMrsAAAAAAAAdAMAAAAAAAAxqwAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAXAkAAAAAAADsCQAAAAAAAEIsAAAAAAAAIgwAAAAAAABnbgAAAAAAAI0HAAAAAAAAQh0AAAAAAACSvQAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAArx0AAAAAAAB6gwAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | Cependant, suivant le formalisme choisi on obtient des approches algorithmiques différentes pour résoudre un même problème. | 8 | 8 | 100 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAACiBwAAAAAAAG0HAAAAAAAArgIAAAAAAADHAAAAAAAAAF4AAAAAAAAAegAAAAAAAABaBgAAAAAAANUGAAAAAAAAsAIAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAALwGAAAAAAAA3wUAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAAOwAAAAAAAAA1wcAAAAAAACtBQAAAAAAAAcDAAAAAAAAbQYAAAAAAAB8AQAAAAAAAOAEAAAAAAAA5QcAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAAN0EAAAAAAAAtQYAAAAAAACXAAAAAAAAAHUBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAEEQAAAAAAAO1FAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAAEAgAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAAAtmEAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAAJnXAAAAAAAAc6AAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAALZhAAAAAAAADQcAAAAAAAADzQAAAAAAAOBDAAAAAAAAwwsAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAOMDAAAAAAAAAQMAAAAAAABjKQAAAAAAAA0HAAAAAAAA0BEAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAANgHAAAAAAAAs0UAAAAAAADJPAAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAA... | Par exemple l'algorithmique récursive, l'algorithmique parallèle ou l’informatique quantique donnent lieu à des présentations d'algorithmes différentes de celles de l'algorithmique itérative. | 12.07 | 8 | 151 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAD8BAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAACXAQAAAAAAAJcBAAAAAAAABwcAAAAAAADmBgAAAAAAALACAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAABOAAAAAAAAAGEDAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAAC5BwAAAAAAAIUFAAAAAAAALwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPUAAAAAAAAAfAEAAAAAAABNAAAAAAAAAEcCAAAAAAAANAYAAAAAAABSAwAAAAAAAOUHAAAAAAAAXQYAAAAAAADdBQAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAApgMAAAAAAADBAwAAAAAAAIEEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAC2YQAAAAAAAA0HAAAAAAAABwMAAAAAAABpDwAAAAAAABhlAAAAAAAAtkoAAAAAAACLBwAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAABaWAAAAAAAAA/HAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAADBBgAAAAAAAHYVAAAAAAAA0ggAAAAAAAAXEgAAAAAAAH4LAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAAF5AAAAAAAAVAMAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAACAWAAAAAAAANRYAAAAAAADvBgAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAA... | L'algorithmique s'est surtout développée dans la deuxième moitié du , comme support conceptuel de la programmation des ordinateurs, dans le cadre du développement de l'informatique pendant cette période. | 12.84 | 8 | 161 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAAUwcAAAAAAAANAgAAAAAAAPcCAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAADuBQAAAAAAANcHAAAAAAAAwgcAAAAAAADcBAAAAAAAAA8EAAAAAAAAQwIAAAAAAABoBgAAAAAAADgBAAAAAAAA9wcAAAAAAABkAwAAAAAAAFYCAAAAAAAASgQAAAAAAADcBAAAAAAAANwEAAAAAAAALwMAAAAAAACpAAAAAAAAAEYFAAAAAAAAGAQAAAAAAACbBgAAAAAAAHgAAAAAAAAAhQUAAAAAAACfBAAAAAAAAOwCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACXXgAAAAAAAAshAAAAAAAAVhAAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAACjOAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAAA43QAAAAAAAK0DAAAAAAAA7Q4AAAAAAAAjAwAAAAAAAI9FAAAAAAAAOsMAAAAAAAAfCQAAAAAAAO/WAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAADdIAAAAAAAAApRAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADYEQAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAABingAAAAAAAFwDAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAAODAAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAATT4AAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAA... | Donald Knuth, auteur du traité The Art of Computer Programming qui décrit de très nombreux algorithmes, a contribué, avec d'autres, à poser les fondements mathématiques de leur analyse. | 10.97 | 8 | 138 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAACEBAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAANQAAAAAAAABCBAAAAAAAAM4FAAAAAAAABQAAAAAAAAAWAgAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAqQcAAAAAAADeBgAAAAAAANgFAAAAAAAA2AUAAAAAAADnBQAAAAAAAB0CAAAAAAAAFgMAAAAAAAAlBwAAAAAAAFMCAAAAAAAAUAUAAAAAAAAUBgAAAAAAAL8DAAAAAAAAZgMAAAAAAADTAQAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAAzQUAAAAAAADrBAAAAAAAAOQFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAzAgAAAAAAAMYDAAAAAAAAczYAAAAAAABaDAAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAArAsAAAAAAABMKAAAAAAAAHgDAAAAAAAAQiwAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAAEUvAAAAAAAAZTQAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAB54AAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAABCgAAAAAAAABMRAAAAAAAA65MAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAAyNAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAACVHwAAAAAAANgRAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Vocabulaire
Le substantif algorithmique désigne l'ensemble des méthodes permettant de créer des algorithmes. | 7 | 8 | 88 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAGAQAAAAAAACDAQAAAAAAAJwBAAAAAAAA9AYAAAAAAAA+BAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAA0wMAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAABMHAAAAAAAAYAYAAAAAAAB6AAAAAAAAAKkBAAAAAAAAgwAAAAAAAAC4AgAAAAAAABcFAAAAAAAAfAEAAAAAAAADBQAAAAAAACYFAAAAAAAAxAYAAAAAAAAjAgAAAAAAAE0GAAAAAAAAjAMAAAAAAAB8AQAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAAuwYAAAAAAAA7BAAAAAAAAD8AAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAANpeAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAAC3IwAAAAAAALMPAAAAAAAAXAMAAAAAAAB2FQAAAAAAAMDuAAAAAAAAeAMAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Le terme est également employé comme adjectif. | 2.7 | 8 | 34 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAPgEAAAAAAAA/AIAAAAAAADaBgAAAAAAAM8FAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAAC8BgAAAAAAACsHAAAAAAAA2QQAAAAAAACuBgAAAAAAAOwAAAAAAAAAXgcAAAAAAADXBwAAAAAAACQCAAAAAAAAvQAAAAAAAADKAwAAAAAAAHsDAAAAAAAAdAYAAAAAAACcBAAAAAAAAFIDAAAAAAAATgcAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAALYDAAAAAAAAJQQAAAAAAABTAgAAAAAAAF8EAAAAAAAAdgUAAAAAAADZBgAAAAAAAP0FAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACHCwAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAAxQUAAAAAAAD1BQAAAAAAAFseAAAAAAAAVgMAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAAIwVAAAAAAAAPAUAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAAHqDAAAAAAAA6h4AAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAALNAAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAABqeAAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAAih8AAAAAAAAcFQAAAAAAAFUnAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAJgDAAAAAAAAoZIAAAAAAAA8BQAAAAAAAEYHAAAAAAAAogkAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Un algorithme énonce une solution à un problème sous la forme d’un enchaînement d’opérations à effectuer. | 6.53 | 8 | 82 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAABeAAAAAAAAAEUHAAAAAAAADQMAAAAAAAC9BQAAAAAAANECAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAAHEBAAAAAAAAKwAAAAAAAADBAQAAAAAAAP0FAAAAAAAAqwEAAAAAAAAYBAAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAAJQUAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAAE8CAAAAAAAADQMAAAAAAABtBgAAAAAAAHwBAAAAAAAAFwcAAAAAAACSBgAAAAAAAGAGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC/HAAAAAAAACwHAAAAAAAAVQkAAAAAAACrFgAAAAAAAO9AAAAAAAAAJgMAAAAAAACYhgAAAAAAAOqrAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAFIEAAAAAAAAxQQAAAAAAAArIQAAAAAAAF9BAAAAAAAAMDkAAAAAAABUAwAAAAAAAI0HAAAAAAAARS8AAAAAAAAsXgAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAwUQAAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAAP2OAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAaGgAAAAAAAMUFAAAAAAA... | Les informaticiens utilisent fréquemment l’anglicisme implémentation pour désigner la mise en œuvre de l'algorithme dans un langage de programmation. | 9.42 | 8 | 118 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAA/gIAAAAAAADYAAAAAAAAALsAAAAAAAAAiAMAAAAAAABaBgAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAAEwcAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAAJACAAAAAAAAmgUAAAAAAAC9BwAAAAAAAFIDAAAAAAAAdgUAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA+QYAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAACUFAAAAAAAAmwMAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAALACAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAACbBgAAAAAAAL0FAAAAAAAAdAYAAAAAAACtBwAAAAAAAG0GAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgbQAAAAAAAF9BAAAAAAAAMDkAAAAAAABUAwAAAAAAAOHsAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAABoXAAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAUfgAAAAAAABjFQAAAAAAAEoDAAAAAAAATwcAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAA4wMAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAABoaAAAAAAAAxQUAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAHU5AAAAAAAAQgUAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAAFxAAAAAAAARiIAAAAAAABzIAAAAAAAAFH4AAAAAAAADQ8AAAAAAAAlBgAAAAAAAORqAAAAAAA... | Cette implémentation réalise la transcription des opérations constitutives de l’algorithme et précise la façon dont ces opérations sont invoquées. | 8.94 | 8 | 112 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAA7QEAAAAAAADYAAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAAfAEAAAAAAABtBgAAAAAAAG0GAAAAAAAATAEAAAAAAABMAQAAAAAAAOUHAAAAAAAAngcAAAAAAADsAwAAAAAAAHMGAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAAAXBwAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAAsgQAAAAAAABFBwAAAAAAAA0DAAAAAAAA/AcAAAAAAAA4AgAAAAAAANMBAAAAAAAAuwYAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAOUCAAAAAAAAHQcAAAAAAAC9AAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgbQAAAAAAAK1eAAAAAAAA2QMAAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAAGUiAAAAAAAAFwQAAAAAAAAsBwAAAAAAAK46AAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAALsZAAAAAAAAmIYAAAAAAADqqwAAAAAAAEUvAAAAAAAAXwQAAAAAAACLBwAAAAAAAHwEAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAADaXgAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAyAYAAAAAAACQQwAAAAAAABcEAAAAAAAAZFgAAAAAAAA=" | Cette écriture en langage informatique, est aussi fréquemment désignée par le terme de « codage ». | 5.32 | 8 | 67 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAN8AAAAAAAAAogcAAAAAAABtBwAAAAAAANkAAAAAAAAAtgUAAAAAAADqBQAAAAAAAFMHAAAAAAAAEAIAAAAAAAADBQAAAAAAAK8DAAAAAAAAFQIAAAAAAAD5BAAAAAAAALYDAAAAAAAA3wUAAAAAAAB0BgAAAAAAAEIGAAAAAAAAzQAAAAAAAAAdAwAAAAAAAKAGAAAAAAAAgwAAAAAAAABGBAAAAAAAAMEDAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAADJAQAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAADgAAAAAAAACPBwAAAAAAANsGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADwDAAAAAAAAJu/AAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAADIBgAAAAAAAF4UAAAAAAAAdA8AAAAAAAA7DwAAAAAAAI0HAAAAAAAARS8AAAAAAAAsXgAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAAJkAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAL1DAAAAAAAAlwMAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAIYwAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAABvPgAAAAAAAJcDAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAAAGhoAAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | On parle de « code source » pour désigner le texte, constituant le programme, réalisant l’algorithme. | 6.24 | 8 | 78 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAADMAwAAAAAAAMwDAAAAAAAABwcAAAAAAAAyBwAAAAAAABACAAAAAAAAAwUAAAAAAACvAwAAAAAAAK8DAAAAAAAAeQEAAAAAAAA1AwAAAAAAACQCAAAAAAAAHwQAAAAAAAA3BwAAAAAAAKkBAAAAAAAA1QYAAAAAAACkBQAAAAAAAFoBAAAAAAAA5QMAAAAAAAAtBAAAAAAAAJUHAAAAAAAATQYAAAAAAAA+BAAAAAAAAIUFAAAAAAAAZgQAAAAAAAC4AgAAAAAAABcFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACsCwAAAAAAAF4UAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAACpCgAAAAAAAMMLAAAAAAAAszEAAAAAAAAd5QAAAAAAABx2AAAAAAAADkYAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAANhGAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAIEDAAAAAAAAXBcAAAAAAADUAwAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAAZSIAAAAAAAAXBAAAAAAAAAp9AAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAK8dAAAAAAAAxwMAAAAAAAA9FQAAAAAAALQFAAAAAAAAHgwAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAPhqAAAAAAA... | Le code est plus ou moins détaillé selon le niveau d’abstraction du langage utilisé, de même qu'une recette de cuisine doit être plus ou moins détaillée selon l’expérience du cuisinier. | 11.48 | 8 | 144 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAADiAgAAAAAAAJAHAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAABEBwAAAAAAAHMDAAAAAAAAQAEAAAAAAABGAAAAAAAAAPoEAAAAAAAAzwQAAAAAAADkBQAAAAAAAIMDAAAAAAAAuAIAAAAAAAB2AAAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAAAvAQAAAAAAAK0FAAAAAAAA9QAAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAOUCAAAAAAAAMwUAAAAAAACaAgAAAAAAAMABAAAAAAAAVAAAAAAAAAA6BwAAAAAAACUBAAAAAAAAFgMAAAAAAAC0BAAAAAAAAFMFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACbgAAAAAAAADYGAAAAAAAAQiwAAAAAAAAiDAAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAAvxwAAAAAAAAHKgAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAA/Y4AAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAAEIsAAAAAAAADQcAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAHwEAAAAAAAA7UUAAAAAAAAORgAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAAX9gAAAAAAACJBAAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAoAMAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Structures algorithmiques
Les concepts en œuvre en algorithmique, par exemple selon l'approche de N. | 6.48 | 8 | 81 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAKoHAAAAAAAAqAAAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAADsFAAAAAAAA3QUAAAAAAAA+AgAAAAAAAIMAAAAAAAAAiAAAAAAAAADBBAAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAAAXBwAAAAAAAH4CAAAAAAAAEgAAAAAAAAC1BwAAAAAAACEFAAAAAAAAqQEAAAAAAADVBgAAAAAAALUDAAAAAAAAKQEAAAAAAABrBAAAAAAAAHMGAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAAAmAwAAAAAAADoAAAAAAAAARgIAAAAAAADSAwAAAAAAANkCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAA0AgAAAAAAAP06AAAAAAAAjQcAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAGUiAAAAAAAABgcAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAKkKAAAAAAAAN8IAAAAAAACJAwAAAAAAAGQDAAAAAAAASwMAAAAAAACwzwAAAAAAAJsJAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAABJAwAAAAAAAFUEAAAAAAAADQ8AAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAAN1GAAAAAAAAxxoAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Wirth pour les langages les plus répandus (Pascal, C), sont en petit nombre. | 4.72 | 8 | 59 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAAxAAAAAAAAADcBwAAAAAAAFYEAAAAAAAAOgQAAAAAAAD+BAAAAAAAAKgBAAAAAAAAZAAAAAAAAAByAwAAAAAAAOoFAAAAAAAANgAAAAAAAAB3AwAAAAAAAAcDAAAAAAAAVAUAAAAAAADDAwAAAAAAAMMDAAAAAAAAGAEAAAAAAACUBwAAAAAAAJQHAAAAAAAAbAQAAAAAAACIBwAAAAAAABYHAAAAAAAAFAMAAAAAAADmBwAAAAAAAGoAAAAAAAAADQAAAAAAAAC/AwAAAAAAANEFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAmAgAAAAAAAFoRAAAAAAAAsXwAAAAAAAAnZQAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAAAJRYAAAAAAAByHwAAAAAAAHocAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAACgHQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAfogAAAAAAAB6HAAAAAAAAK8VAAAAAAAAXgMAAAAAAAB3BwAAAAAAAI0FAAAAAAAA4BEAAAAAAACZoAAAAAAAAI0FAAAAAAAAvDwAAAAAAAArFQAAAAAAAHkjAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAACgHQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAH1oAAAAAAAB6HAAAAAAAAMkGAAAAAAA... | Ils appartiennent à deux classes :
les structures de contrôle :
séquences,
conditionnelles,
boucles ;
les structures de données :
constantes,
variables,
tableaux ;
structures récursives (listes, arbres, graphes). | 13.76 | 8 | 172 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAA7QEAAAAAAADBAwAAAAAAAE4AAAAAAAAAAgUAAAAAAABtBAAAAAAAABUDAAAAAAAAEgAAAAAAAAB7AQAAAAAAAA0DAAAAAAAAcQMAAAAAAABNBgAAAAAAAHcBAAAAAAAAzQUAAAAAAABxAQAAAAAAACsAAAAAAAAAwQQAAAAAAACHBAAAAAAAAOUFAAAAAAAAZQMAAAAAAAC2AwAAAAAAADUAAAAAAAAAtgQAAAAAAADGBwAAAAAAANgFAAAAAAAABQcAAAAAAAD0BQAAAAAAAPoAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAABUwAAAAAAABgXAAAAAAAAACkAAAAAAAAXBAAAAAAAAJIEAAAAAAAAG3YAAAAAAAB6fAAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAAA+68AAAAAAAAqMQAAAAAAAI0HAAAAAAAAgVYAAAAAAABlIgAAAAAAAAYHAAAAAAAASwMAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAALwuAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAAdBgAAAAAAABAOAAAAAAAAscoAAAAAAACpCgAAAAAAAPMJAAAAAAAAfAUAAAAAAABxBQAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAEUIAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAJnXAAAAAAA... | Ce découpage est parfois difficile à percevoir pour certains langages (Lisp, Prolog…) plus basés sur la notion de récursivité où certaines structures de contrôle sont implicites et, donc, semblent disparaître. | 11.64 | 8 | 146 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAA4HAAAAAAAALwcAAAAAAAAsBgAAAAAAAEAHAAAAAAAAMAcAAAAAAACUBAAAAAAAAGUGAAAAAAAACQUAAAAAAADoBwAAAAAAAG8CAAAAAAAAewIAAAAAAAATBAAAAAAAABgEAAAAAAAAcwMAAAAAAAAnBAAAAAAAAPoEAAAAAAAAlgIAAAAAAABJBwAAAAAAADIEAAAAAAAAVwEAAAAAAAC9AQAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAAQgAAAAAAAADGBgAAAAAAAM8EAAAAAAAAngcAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAMUCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADlPAAAAAAAAA4DAAAAAAAA1AMAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAIkZAAAAAAAARQoAAAAAAAA0DAAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAA9esAAAAAAACtCgAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAAIM4AAAAAAAAeKAAAAAAAANSjAAAAAAAAyAYAAAAAAAALXQAAAAAAALEyAAAAAAAAyAYAAAAAAACJGQAAAAAAAEUKAAAAAAAANAwAAAAAAACxMgAAAAAAAMgGAAAAAAAA9esAAAAAAACtCgAAAAAAADsPAAAAAAAADQ8AAAAAAAB26wAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAA... | Correction, complétude, terminaison
Ces trois notions « correction », « complétude », « terminaison » sont liées, et supposent qu'un algorithme est écrit pour résoudre un problème. | 11.08 | 8 | 139 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAAD6AgAAAAAAAIMBAAAAAAAAkgYAAAAAAADKAwAAAAAAAEIAAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAABeAAAAAAAAANkGAAAAAAAAnQQAAAAAAACwAgAAAAAAAL0HAAAAAAAAUgMAAAAAAADlBwAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAAngcAAAAAAACcBAAAAAAAAJ0BAAAAAAAA2AYAAAAAAACPBwAAAAAAAE0GAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAA1wcAAAAAAADbBgAAAAAAAIMBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC6CwAAAAAAAPXrAAAAAAAArQoAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAAbDsAAAAAAADqHQAAAAAAAIsEAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAAEAgAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAAAGhoAAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAAJMqAAAAAAAA5QgAAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAAWCUAAAAAAACwCAAAAAAAAEYCAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | La terminaison est l'assurance que l'algorithme terminera en un temps fini. | 3.85 | 8 | 49 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAIQUAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAAAMBAAAAAAAAfgIAAAAAAAA+BgAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAA+gIAAAAAAACFBQAAAAAAAJwBAAAAAAAAkgYAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAEIAAAAAAAAA7AIAAAAAAABeAAAAAAAAANkGAAAAAAAARQcAAAAAAAD1BQAAAAAAALYEAAAAAAAAgAcAAAAAAABQBgAAAAAAAOwAAAAAAAAATAEAAAAAAADlBwAAAAAAAMEEAAAAAAAAEwcAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAAGAGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC/HAAAAAAAAJ0EAAAAAAAAi+EAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAPXrAAAAAAAArQoAAAAAAACiJwAAAAAAAFgTAAAAAAAAsmsAAAAAAADjBAAAAAAAADdBAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAADOOAAAAAAAAKcFAAAAAAAAJxIAAAAAAABUEwAAAAAAAMctAAAAAAAARwUAAAAAAAAYFwAAAAAAACUDAAAAAAAAN+8AAAAAAAA8BQAAAAAAABFEAAAAAAAAyAYAAAAAAACHCgAAAAAAADsPAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAA... | Les preuves de terminaison font habituellement intervenir une fonction entière positive strictement décroissante à chaque « pas » de l'algorithme. | 9.29 | 8 | 117 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAWAMAAAAAAACbBQAAAAAAAPMAAAAAAAAAnAMAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAEIAAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAADOBQAAAAAAAJwBAAAAAAAAFwAAAAAAAAB6AAAAAAAAANMBAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAAAZBgAAAAAAAO4FAAAAAAAAFwcAAAAAAAAGBQAAAAAAAH4EAAAAAAAAvAYAAAAAAADfBQAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAADXBwAAAAAAANsGAAAAAAAAhQUAAAAAAACcAQAAAAAAAJIGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC+dwAAAAAAAJcDAAAAAAAAIocAAAAAAACwAwAAAAAAAEpHAAAAAAAAcgMAAAAAAADHAwAAAAAAACoPAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAAJMqAAAAAAAA5QgAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAnQQAAAAAAAD8TgAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAC10AAAAAAADDQwAAAAAAANcFAAAAAAAAeisAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAGw7AAAAAAAA6h0AAAAAAACLBAAAAAAAAIoIAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAAEAgAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAA... | Étant donné la garantie qu'un algorithme terminera, la preuve de correction doit apporter l'assurance que si l'algorithme termine en donnant un résultat, alors ce résultat est effectivement une solution au problème posé. | 12.9 | 8 | 162 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAIQUAAAAAAACpAQAAAAAAALoFAAAAAAAAlQUAAAAAAACcAwAAAAAAABACAAAAAAAAAwUAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAALUDAAAAAAAAfAEAAAAAAADYAwAAAAAAAFIDAAAAAAAAdgUAAAAAAADZBgAAAAAAAD0DAAAAAAAAcQMAAAAAAAD1BQAAAAAAANkGAAAAAAAArAIAAAAAAAACAQAAAAAAAGADAAAAAAAAUAYAAAAAAABMAQAAAAAAAFAFAAAAAAAAjwcAAAAAAAATBwAAAAAAABMHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC/HAAAAAAAAJ0EAAAAAAAAi+EAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAAtdAAAAAAAAoicAAAAAAABYEwAAAAAAALJrAAAAAAAA4wQAAAAAAAA3QQAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAAiYUAAAAAAAAVDAAAAAAAAHYNAAAAAAAADQcAAAAAAACLBAAAAAAAAG2LAAAAAAAAsasAAAAAAADGHAAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAAuB4AAAAAAADVBQAAAAAAAHqDAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Les preuves de correction font habituellement intervenir une spécification logique que doivent vérifier les solutions du problème. | 7.71 | 8 | 97 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAALACAAAAAAAAhwQAAAAAAACbBAAAAAAAALoFAAAAAAAArwMAAAAAAABVBQAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAEAIAAAAAAAADBQAAAAAAAIMAAAAAAAAA2QQAAAAAAACtAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAdgUAAAAAAADZBgAAAAAAAK0GAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAACcBAAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAtQYAAAAAAAC/AwAAAAAAAL8DAAAAAAAApgMAAAAAAAC/AgAAAAAAAK0GAAAAAAAAFwcAAAAAAACSBgAAAAAAAPwHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC6CwAAAAAAAJ0EAAAAAAAA/E4AAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAAtdAAAAAAAAwYgAAAAAAAB4MQAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAAA0iAAAAAAAAC5KwAAAAAAAIsEAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAADojQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAAEAgAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAAAGhoAAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAALGrAAAAAAAAeAMAAAAAAABKBQAAAAAAAHIYAAAAAAAAiYUAAAAAAAAVDAAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | La preuve de correction consiste donc à montrer que les résultats de l'algorithme vérifient cette spécification. | 6.64 | 8 | 83 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAALACAAAAAAAAhwQAAAAAAAC6BQAAAAAAAL0FAAAAAAAAlQUAAAAAAADqBQAAAAAAAFMHAAAAAAAAAgUAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAFoGAAAAAAAANgIAAAAAAADsAAAAAAAAAEwBAAAAAAAAUAUAAAAAAAA1BgAAAAAAAOoFAAAAAAAA6AAAAAAAAACcAQAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAAegAAAAAAAACQAgAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAANgGAAAAAAAA2AYAAAAAAAAbBgAAAAAAAJUCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC6CwAAAAAAAJ0EAAAAAAAA/E4AAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAIkZAAAAAAAARQoAAAAAAAA0DAAAAAAAAEpHAAAAAAAAEQMAAAAAAACLBAAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAAjQcAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAAKDUAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAAfmwAAAAAAACKHAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAaGgAAAAAAAMUFAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAAHAwAAAAAAAFEdAAAAAAAAXHAAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAOR2AAAAAAA... | La preuve de complétude garantit que, pour un espace de problèmes donné, l'algorithme, s'il termine, donnera l'ensemble des solutions de l'espace du problème. | 9.8 | 8 | 123 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAACaBwAAAAAAAJoHAAAAAAAA3QcAAAAAAABdAwAAAAAAAG8GAAAAAAAAcAIAAAAAAAAhBQAAAAAAAHcCAAAAAAAAugUAAAAAAACvAwAAAAAAAD0EAAAAAAAAUwcAAAAAAAACBQAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAAWgYAAAAAAAC1BwAAAAAAAEwBAAAAAAAATAEAAAAAAAAmAwAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAjQEAAAAAAABfBwAAAAAAAJ4CAAAAAAAAlgYAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAA0QQAAAAAAADCAgAAAAAAALgCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC/HAAAAAAAAJ0EAAAAAAAAi+EAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAAIkZAAAAAAAARQoAAAAAAAA0DAAAAAAAAAoYAAAAAAAAJgMAAAAAAAA8BQAAAAAAAHp/AAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAD5vQAAAAAAANUFAAAAAAAAeoMAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAA+b0AAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAALgeAAAAAAAAjQcAAAAAAAAgVgAAAAAAANIgAAAAAAAAuSsAAAAAAACLBAAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAABAIAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAABoaAAAAAAA... | Les preuves de complétude demandent à identifier l'espace du problème et l'espace des solutions pour ensuite montrer que l'algorithme produit bien le second à partir du premier. | 11.12 | 8 | 139 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAABwQAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAAIMFAAAAAAAARQQAAAAAAADPBQAAAAAAAMEEAAAAAAAAvAYAAAAAAAB2AAAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAADXBwAAAAAAAAsDAAAAAAAAswYAAAAAAAD1AAAAAAAAAJkEAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAByAQAAAAAAAHIBAAAAAAAArAEAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAALYDAAAAAAAAtQUAAAAAAACeBwAAAAAAANEEAAAAAAAABwIAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAuCgAAAAAAAEIsAAAAAAAADQcAAAAAAAB0AwAAAAAAAPFMAAAAAAAAE04AAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAABkQAAAAAAAAOCEAAAAAAADVBQAAAAAAAIAJAAAAAAAArwUAAAAAAAD9AQAAAAAAADACAAAAAAAA5gMAAAAAAAAXIwAAAAAAAAIDAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAADEBQAAAAAAAKdDAAAAAAAAXBkAAAAAAABnKAAAAAAAAGnQAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAKwVAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAOMDAAAAAAA... | En algorithmique on trouve souvent des complexités du type :
Sans entrer dans les détails mathématiques, le calcul de l’efficacité d’un algorithme (sa complexité algorithmique) consiste en la recherche de deux quantités importantes. | 14.68 | 8 | 184 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAALACAAAAAAAA6AIAAAAAAAC2AwAAAAAAABACAAAAAAAA2QYAAAAAAACtBgAAAAAAAAMFAAAAAAAAZgMAAAAAAADTAQAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAAhQUAAAAAAACfBAAAAAAAADMGAAAAAAAAvQAAAAAAAABsAQAAAAAAAL8DAAAAAAAAuwYAAAAAAACtBQAAAAAAAPEFAAAAAAAA8QUAAAAAAAAzBgAAAAAAACQCAAAAAAAAJAIAAAAAAADsBQAAAAAAAIMDAAAAAAAAZgQAAAAAAADoBwAAAAAAAJkEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAC6CwAAAAAAANCLAAAAAAAA0BEAAAAAAADFCgAAAAAAABETAAAAAAAAiwcAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAA0BEAAAAAAADFCgAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAwsIAAAAAAAACkAAAAAAAAI0HAAAAAAAARgcAAAAAAACiCQAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAArBUAAAAAAABQAgAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | La seconde quantité estimée est la quantité de mémoire nécessaire pour effectuer les calculs. | 6 | 8 | 75 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAADiAgAAAAAAACQDAAAAAAAANQAAAAAAAAC1BQAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAADmAQAAAAAAAMAGAAAAAAAAQwEAAAAAAAD4BgAAAAAAAFACAAAAAAAAQgAAAAAAAAC0BAAAAAAAAMcAAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAAA4AgAAAAAAAMoDAAAAAAAAygMAAAAAAAC1BwAAAAAAACEFAAAAAAAAnQcAAAAAAADlBQAAAAAAAA0DAAAAAAAAvQUAAAAAAAD8BwAAAAAAAGAGAAAAAAAAnAQAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAB0HAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAD5rQAAAAAAAGoGAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAB0AwAAAAAAAOk2AAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAABBUQAAAAAAAMgGAAAAAAAA+wQAAAAAAAAQAwAAAAAAABYEAAAAAAAAsTIAAAAAAAANAwAAAAAAAGkPAAAAAAAAcX0AAAAAAAAvswAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAAD9hwAAAAAAABvWAAAAAAAAiwQAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAFglAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAADEIAAAAAAAAPAPAAAAAAAAPgYAAAAAAADDCwAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAA... | Souvent, on examine les performances « au pire », c'est-à-dire dans les configurations telles que le temps d'exécution ou l'espace mémoire est le plus grand. | 9.51 | 8 | 119 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAHwQAAAAAAAAHAgAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAAmwMAAAAAAAC/AwAAAAAAAL8DAAAAAAAAvQAAAAAAAABWBgAAAAAAAM4FAAAAAAAAEwcAAAAAAABgBgAAAAAAAGAGAAAAAAAAfwYAAAAAAAANAgAAAAAAANwEAAAAAAAAkwUAAAAAAADLBAAAAAAAAK0HAAAAAAAAKQYAAAAAAACPBQAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAtQcAAAAAAACBBAAAAAAAAD4GAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAAL0HAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAABjFwAAAAAAALxRAAAAAAAAtyMAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAAGJAAAAAAAAAKRcAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAArhIAAAAAAAAUSQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAA4IAAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAAXc4AAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAACoPAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAAK8FAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAABBUQAAAAAAAMgGAAAAAAAAkwMAAAAAAAAJgAAAAAAAAGRYAAAAAAAA" | Il existe également un autre aspect de l'évaluation de l'efficacité d'un algorithme : les performances « en moyenne ». | 6.27 | 8 | 79 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADMAwAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAADAMAAAAAAAD6AAAAAAAAAMIEAAAAAAAASwQAAAAAAADRBAAAAAAAAEQAAAAAAAAAJQcAAAAAAABHAgAAAAAAAPQGAAAAAAAA9AYAAAAAAAA+BAAAAAAAAC8DAAAAAAAALwMAAAAAAACPBQAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAAdgAAAAAAAABhAwAAAAAAAAIFAAAAAAAApAAAAAAAAAA3BwAAAAAAAJ8EAAAAAAAAmwcAAAAAAAA0AQAAAAAAAN8DAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAB54AAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAABzIAAAAAAAAEKAAAAAAAAAExEAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAALvQAAAAAAAAXAMAAAAAAADqHgAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAFA0AAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAADt4AAAAAAAAK2AAAAAAAAD7RgAAAAAAAA0HAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | L'ensemble de ces méthodes est regroupé sous le nom de combinatoire analytique. | 5.03 | 8 | 63 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAIQEAAAAAAAAGQAAAAAAAAByAQAAAAAAAHIBAAAAAAAApAAAAAAAAAA1AAAAAAAAALUFAAAAAAAAygEAAAAAAACpAAAAAAAAAPMAAAAAAAAA8wAAAAAAAADKAQAAAAAAAF0GAAAAAAAA0wEAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAAHwBAAAAAAAA4AQAAAAAAABTAgAAAAAAAKYBAAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAABkBgAAAAAAAD4EAAAAAAAAlwYAAAAAAAB2AAAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAApgMAAAAAAACPBwAAAAAAAPMEAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAADwDAAAAAAAAMBoAAAAAAAAPgIAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAA4wMAAAAAAABvUwAAAAAAAHEFAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAABu8QAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAAAZEAAAAAAAAMUKAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAACVHwAAAAAAANgRAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAOwHAAAAAAAA/AQAAAAAAAD1BQAAAAAAADZnAAAAAAAAbAQAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAGRAAAAAAAADFCgAAAAAAAB8JAAAAAAA... | On trouvera dans l’article sur la théorie de la complexité des algorithmes d’autres évaluations de la complexité qui vont en général au-delà des valeurs proposées ci-dessus et qui classifient les problèmes algorithmiques (plutôt que les algorithmes) en classes de complexité. | 15.16 | 8 | 190 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAN0HAAAAAAAA3QcAAAAAAABdAwAAAAAAAJcBAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAAAKAgAAAAAAAMUEAAAAAAAAXgcAAAAAAADgBAAAAAAAADoGAAAAAAAAGQUAAAAAAADCBQAAAAAAAHcBAAAAAAAABwMAAAAAAADOBQAAAAAAAJoFAAAAAAAAUgMAAAAAAAB2BQAAAAAAAHQGAAAAAAAAnAQAAAAAAACmAQAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAKAQAAAAAAADNBQAAAAAAAOwAAAAAAAAAhQUAAAAAAACaBQAAAAAAACsAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAuAgAAAAAAAH4LAAAAAAAAHhIAAAAAAACNqgAAAAAAAHEFAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAEICAAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAABdzgAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADYEQAAAAAAAGcEAAAAAAAA3xQAAAAAAAAaAwAAAAAAAMnZAAAAAAAAygMAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAADggAAAAAAAAHwwAAAAAAABdzgAAAAAAAEIsAAAAAAAADQcAAAAAAAAxAwAAAAAAALBUAAAAAAAAE04AAAAAAADO2gAAAAAAAIsEAAAAAAA... | Quelques indications sur l’efficacité des algorithmes et ses biais
L'efficacité algorithmique n’est souvent connue que de manière asymptotique, c’est-à-dire pour de grandes valeurs du paramètre n. | 12.44 | 8 | 156 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAACdAQAAAAAAAJ0BAAAAAAAAtgIAAAAAAAC3BwAAAAAAAG0HAAAAAAAAygEAAAAAAACSBgAAAAAAAHgAAAAAAAAAmwYAAAAAAABxAgAAAAAAAFIDAAAAAAAAUwIAAAAAAADNBQAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAAGQUAAAAAAAD8BwAAAAAAAFoGAAAAAAAA/wUAAAAAAAAYBAAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAAAZBgAAAAAAAEYCAAAAAAAAAQMAAAAAAADPBgAAAAAAAMwCAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAdowAAAAAAAE0FAAAAAAAA1QkAAAAAAAB9EgAAAAAAANiYAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAABo9wAAAAAAAIwxAAAAAAAA3UYAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADFBQAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAGRAAAAAAAADFCgAAAAAAAJhtAAAAAAAAUQMAAAAAAAANBwAAAAAAAKkKAAAAAAAAQiQAAAAAAADOHgAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAAXIYAAAAAAADmHQAAAAAAAKkKAAAAAAAA07IAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Lorsque ce paramètre est suffisamment petit, un algorithme de complexité asymptotique plus grande peut en pratique être plus efficace. | 8.49 | 8 | 107 | male, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAAAcEAAAAAAAA+AQAAAAAAADLBAAAAAAAAOgCAAAAAAAAqQMAAAAAAABPBQAAAAAAABkGAAAAAAAAsgUAAAAAAABMAwAAAAAAAM8GAAAAAAAAzwYAAAAAAAD0BQAAAAAAAF0GAAAAAAAAmwYAAAAAAABtBgAAAAAAAJcAAAAAAAAAwQEAAAAAAADeBgAAAAAAAKkAAAAAAAAAXgcAAAAAAACDAQAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAACvAwAAAAAAAJwDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAeAgAAAAAAALIhAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACNBwAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAAAgMAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAANKwAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAADaAgAAAAAAAEsDAAAAAAAAQAIAAAAAAACwVAAAAAAAALIDAAAAAAAAfRIAAAAAAADYmAAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAKGEAAAAAAACRiAAAAAAAAFUEAAAAAAAA7QYAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAAB0DAAAAAAAASgMAAAAAAACPBAAAAAAAAAoDAAAAAAAA4wMAAAAAAAA8GQAAAAAAAM0aAAAAAAA... | Ainsi, pour trier un tableau de (c’est un paramètre de petite taille), il est inutile d’utiliser un algorithme évolué comme le tri rapide (l’un des algorithmes de tri asymptotiquement les plus efficaces en moyenne) : l’algorithme de tri le plus simple à écrire sera suffisamment efficace. | 17.64 | 8 | 221 | female, low pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAPgEAAAAAAAAtwIAAAAAAAByAQAAAAAAAIMAAAAAAAAAUwcAAAAAAABTBwAAAAAAADoGAAAAAAAAGQUAAAAAAADCBQAAAAAAALwGAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAAOwAAAAAAAAA8wMAAAAAAADhBgAAAAAAAAkBAAAAAAAADQMAAAAAAAD8BwAAAAAAADgCAAAAAAAAZAYAAAAAAAC7BgAAAAAAAPUAAAAAAAAA6gUAAAAAAAAQAgAAAAAAAAIFAAAAAAAA+QAAAAAAAAD/BQAAAAAAAHwBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACSbAAAAAAAACUWAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADYEQAAAAAAACwHAAAAAAAAel4AAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAABkQAAAAAAAAxQoAAAAAAAC2CQAAAAAAAA0HAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAB0AwAAAAAAAO9AAAAAAAAA5QgAAAAAAABHRAAAAAAAAEYiAAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAGyfAAAAAAAAwsIAAAAAAACSBAAAAAAAAEcNAAAAAAAA5VgAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | Entre deux algorithmes informatiques de complexité identique, on utilisera celui dont l’occupation mémoire est moindre. | 6.73 | 8 | 85 | male, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAsAIAAAAAAADCBQAAAAAAAMIFAAAAAAAAgwMAAAAAAAAlBQAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAAmwMAAAAAAABTBwAAAAAAAI8HAAAAAAAAhwQAAAAAAAD5AAAAAAAAAPkAAAAAAAAANgIAAAAAAAB8AQAAAAAAAK0DAAAAAAAAKwAAAAAAAADsAAAAAAAAAIUFAAAAAAAA+QYAAAAAAADBBAAAAAAAALwGAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAAAcDAAAAAAAAuwYAAAAAAADJAQAAAAAAAK4GAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAOMDAAAAAAAAdqYAAAAAAAA5AwAAAAAAALADAAAAAAAAGRAAAAAAAADFCgAAAAAAAEIsAAAAAAAADQcAAAAAAADOHgAAAAAAALcjAAAAAAAA2I0AAAAAAAA8BQAAAAAAAPUFAAAAAAAAmQcAAAAAAACiCQAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAA4wMAAAAAAABsnwAAAAAAAMLCAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAABqeAAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAAxQUAAAAAAAALAgAAAAAAAA==" | L’analyse de la complexité algorithmique peut également servir à évaluer l’occupation mémoire d’un algorithme. | 6.97 | 8 | 88 | female, very low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAACEBAAAAAAAAIMFAAAAAAAACQcAAAAAAACYAQAAAAAAAP0FAAAAAAAACwQAAAAAAAAFBwAAAAAAAEADAAAAAAAAzwYAAAAAAADPBgAAAAAAAAgGAAAAAAAACAYAAAAAAACAAQAAAAAAADIHAAAAAAAASgAAAAAAAAB0AwAAAAAAAMgEAAAAAAAA6wEAAAAAAABkBgAAAAAAAH4EAAAAAAAAfgQAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAALwGAAAAAAAAKwcAAAAAAADZBAAAAAAAAOwAAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAuCgAAAAAAAEAUAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAJNsAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAABqeAAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAAxQUAAAAAAAA4gwAAAAAAAMcDAAAAAAAAangAAAAAAABiQAAAAAAAAMNDAAAAAAAAnQMAAAAAAACOIAAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAAzjgAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAB9aAAAAAAAAiwQAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAOMDAAAAAAAABAMAAAAAAAAHAwAAAAAAAOMDAAAAAAAATwYAAAAAAAC/AwAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAA... | Enfin, le choix d’un algorithme plutôt qu’un autre doit se faire en fonction des données que l’on s’attend à lui fournir en entrée. | 8 | 8 | 100 | male, very high pitch, teenager |
"GQQAAAAAAAAvBgAAAAAAABwFAAAAAAAALgUAAAAAAACpAwAAAAAAALUGAAAAAAAANwQAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAANsGAAAAAAAAmwYAAAAAAABtBgAAAAAAAG0GAAAAAAAAygEAAAAAAACHBAAAAAAAAFQBAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAADsAAAAAAAAADMCAAAAAAAAigEAAAAAAACDBAAAAAAAAFMGAAAAAAAATAQAAAAAAABDAQAAAAAAAAwDAAAAAAAA+gAAAAAAAACQBQAAAAAAAJ0BAAAAAAAAAwAAAAAAAADZBgAAAAAAAHQDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAeAgAAAAAAALIhAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAACxAwAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAAATJIAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAABB0AAAAAAAAKQMAAAAAAADjAwAAAAAAAAQDAAAAAAAALH4AAAAAAAARAwAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAPCMAAAAAAACq+QAAAAAAAHYVAAAAAAAAlvkAAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAAJ0DAAAAAAAANQQAAAAAAAA2LAAAAAAAADkDAAAAAAAAAXEAAAAAAABFLwAAAAAAAIGxAAAAAAAApgkAAAAAAACKCAAAAAAAAHQDAAAAAAA... | Ainsi, le tri rapide, lorsque l’on choisit le premier élément comme pivot, se comporte de façon désastreuse si on l’applique à une liste de valeurs déjà triée. | 9.64 | 8 | 121 | female, moderate pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAA0gAAAAAAAABCAAAAAAAAAL8CAAAAAAAAGQAAAAAAAACtBgAAAAAAAHQHAAAAAAAAogcAAAAAAAB+AgAAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAANQYAAAAAAAB3AQAAAAAAAHEBAAAAAAAAUgMAAAAAAAAmAwAAAAAAAKYDAAAAAAAAsQMAAAAAAAAYBAAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAAJQUAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAAsAUAAAAAAAA6AAAAAAAAAHoCAAAAAAAA8gcAAAAAAACwBAAAAAAAANoBAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAABjFwAAAAAAADEDAAAAAAAAsFQAAAAAAAB4MQAAAAAAAIcKAAAAAAAADhYAAAAAAAAZAwAAAAAAAGAwAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAOMDAAAAAAAAPBkAAAAAAADNGgAAAAAAAIoIAAAAAAAAdAMAAAAAAAAmHgAAAAAAAD0MAAAAAAAAEQMAAAAAAACLBAAAAAAAALEDAAAAAAAAhjAAAAAAAAAbCwAAAAAAAFMCAAAAAAAAVQMAAAAAAACTAwAAAAAAABcjAAAAAAAAiwcAAAAAAAAKBAAAAAAAAAwJAAAAAAA... | Il n’est donc pas judicieux de l’utiliser si on prévoit que le programme recevra en entrée des listes déjà presque triées ou alors il faudra choisir le pivot aléatoirement. | 9.63 | 8 | 121 | male, low pitch |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAlwEAAAAAAAAHBAAAAAAAAMwDAAAAAAAAzAMAAAAAAADUBQAAAAAAAP0BAAAAAAAA/QEAAAAAAAApBwAAAAAAAEUEAAAAAAAAyQIAAAAAAADGAwAAAAAAAEMEAAAAAAAAXAEAAAAAAABQAQAAAAAAALsGAAAAAAAAygMAAAAAAAD3AgAAAAAAAFUEAAAAAAAAaAMAAAAAAAAbBQAAAAAAAPoHAAAAAAAAXwMAAAAAAABwBQAAAAAAAL8AAAAAAAAAtAIAAAAAAADlBQAAAAAAAHQDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAuCgAAAAAAANoCAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAWAgAAAAAAAAkCAAAAAAAACgQAAAAAAACZoQAAAAAAAO8GAAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAACk3QAAAAAAABkFAAAAAAAAehQAAAAAAACGkgAAAAAAAFUVAAAAAAAAcFoAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAAIhDAAAAAAAAcyQAAAAAAADMFwAAAAAAAJcDAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAAAytgAAAAAAABoDAAAAAAAAydkAAAAAAAByDwAAAAAAAGQDAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAABnBAAAAAAAAKQ5AAAAAAA... | En 2019, des chercheurs de Télécom ParisTech ont produit un rapport inventoriant les principaux biais connus, et quelques pistes de remédiation
la localité de l’algorithme. | 11.64 | 8 | 146 | female, high pitch, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAC+AwAAAAAAAIMDAAAAAAAAAwYAAAAAAADBBAAAAAAAACUFAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAACbAwAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAA9QcAAAAAAADZAQAAAAAAAJsDAAAAAAAA6gUAAAAAAADGAQAAAAAAAE0GAAAAAAAAPQIAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAAAPBAAAAAAAANcHAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAD2AQAAAAAAAM0DAAAAAAAAjgUAAAAAAACqBQAAAAAAAJkAAAAAAAAASgQAAAAAAAAKAgAAAAAAABEDAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAABJAgAAAAAAANgQAAAAAAAAxQkAAAAAAAAfXQAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAA9SMAAAAAAAAKAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAaGgAAAAAAAMUFAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAAfCQAAAAAAAD5vAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAABBUQAAAAAAAAoEAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADYEQAAAAAAAHEFAAAAAAAAxAUAAAAAAAAQAwAAAAAAAOQMAAAAAAAAOQ0AAAAAAAAJAgAAAAAAABoQAAAAAAAADgwAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAAFPTAAAAAAA... | l'Analyse lisse d'algorithme, qui mesure les performances des algorithmes sur les pires cas, mais avec une légère perturbation des instances. | 8.92 | 8 | 112 | male, young adult |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAPMHAAAAAAAAiAAAAAAAAAAHAgAAAAAAAK0DAAAAAAAATgEAAAAAAAAEBgAAAAAAAPUAAAAAAAAA6AcAAAAAAAA+AgAAAAAAAPQFAAAAAAAAAgUAAAAAAABSBgAAAAAAALYEAAAAAAAAywQAAAAAAADoAgAAAAAAAPsCAAAAAAAA5QUAAAAAAABdBgAAAAAAAJsFAAAAAAAAXgAAAAAAAAAZBQAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAAWwAAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAAK4GAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAADXBwAAAAAAANcHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAACibQAAAAAAAOTWAAAAAAAAHKIAAAAAAACBVgAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAA2BEAAAAAAACTKAAAAAAAAHwFAAAAAAAAdhUAAAAAAAC7VAAAAAAAAB8MAAAAAAAA6gsAAAAAAABiQAAAAAAAAL0DAAAAAAAACQIAAAAAAAANDwAAAAAAAJMDAAAAAAAAsxcAAAAAAADIEQAAAAAAAOoLAAAAAAAAkwMAAAAAAABchgAAAAAAAAsCAAAAAAAA" | Elle explique pourquoi certains algorithmes analysés comme inefficaces autrement, sont en fait efficaces en pratique. | 7.53 | 8 | 95 | female, low pitch, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAOYGAAAAAAAAsAIAAAAAAABNBgAAAAAAAAMFAAAAAAAAfQMAAAAAAADsAAAAAAAAAF4HAAAAAAAA1wcAAAAAAAA1BgAAAAAAAFMCAAAAAAAA+wIAAAAAAACIAwAAAAAAAFoGAAAAAAAANgIAAAAAAABmBAAAAAAAANgDAAAAAAAAlAcAAAAAAACLBwAAAAAAAL0AAAAAAAAA2wYAAAAAAAAGBQAAAAAAAEIAAAAAAAAAEAQAAAAAAABeAAAAAAAAAHoAAAAAAAAADwUAAAAAAACcAwAAAAAAAAYFAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAApAgAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAfDAAAAAAAAAaGgAAAAAAAMUFAAAAAAAA1QUAAAAAAADQDwAAAAAAAFCBAAAAAAAAkgQAAAAAAACyAwAAAAAAAO1FAAAAAAAACgMAAAAAAAAqDwAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAAxQUAAAAAAAAfCQAAAAAAAJ0DAAAAAAAANQQAAAAAAAA2LAAAAAAAAPUVAAAAAAAAjQcAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAAQCAAAAAAAAdqYAAAAAAAApAwAAAAAAAPUjAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | L'algorithme du simplexe est un exemple d'un algorithme qui se comporte bien pour l'analyse lisse. | 5.12 | 8 | 64 | male, middle-aged |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAHACAAAAAAAAEwUAAAAAAAD5BAAAAAAAAIUGAAAAAAAAYQMAAAAAAAB6AAAAAAAAAGAFAAAAAAAAPgQAAAAAAACFBQAAAAAAAIMBAAAAAAAAJwIAAAAAAAApAQAAAAAAAGIFAAAAAAAA8wAAAAAAAADCBAAAAAAAADQAAAAAAAAAGQUAAAAAAACDAwAAAAAAAE0GAAAAAAAAvAYAAAAAAAB9AwAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAArgYAAAAAAAAPBAAAAAAAANcHAAAAAAAALgIAAAAAAAADBQAAAAAAAOgHAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAmVgAAAAAAANCLAAAAAAAAG94AAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAHMgAAAAAAAAlR8AAAAAAADYEQAAAAAAAMGIAAAAAAAAPAUAAAAAAADIBgAAAAAAALVHAAAAAAAAUwgAAAAAAAA7DwAAAAAAAMQFAAAAAAAA6I0AAAAAAACoBAAAAAAAAMhmAAAAAAAAjQcAAAAAAADVngAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAAjBUAAAAAAAAwOwAAAAAAAFQFAAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAA=" | Une seconde étape dans ces algorithmes consiste à « fusionner » les résultats partiels pour obtenir une solution globale. | 7.64 | 8 | 96 | female, moderate pitch, elderly |
"GQQAAAAAAAB/AAAAAAAAAFgHAAAAAAAAXQMAAAAAAADdBwAAAAAAAN0HAAAAAAAAbwYAAAAAAADaAQAAAAAAACQDAAAAAAAA7QEAAAAAAAAZBQAAAAAAADgCAAAAAAAAvAYAAAAAAAB2AAAAAAAAANkEAAAAAAAA7AAAAAAAAADXBwAAAAAAALYCAAAAAAAANAEAAAAAAACcBAAAAAAAAA0HAAAAAAAAkQEAAAAAAADZBgAAAAAAAJ4HAAAAAAAAxgcAAAAAAADLBAAAAAAAAL0HAAAAAAAAtgIAAAAAAAArAAAAAAAAALUGAAAAAAA... | "AQAAAAAAAAAgzgAAAAAAAJUfAAAAAAAA2BEAAAAAAAANDwAAAAAAABNOAAAAAAAAQgsAAAAAAAB8BQAAAAAAADwFAAAAAAAAsAMAAAAAAACZ1wAAAAAAAO8GAAAAAAAAxmwAAAAAAAB5IwAAAAAAAK5QAAAAAAAAhz4AAAAAAADPAwAAAAAAAEsDAAAAAAAAHgMAAAAAAAA7eAAAAAAAACtgAAAAAAAABgIAAAAAAACvBQAAAAAAACwIAAAAAAAAYtAAAAAAAAAY8gAAAAAAACkDAAAAAAAAfqAAAAAAAAAjBAAAAAAAAEICAAAAAAA... | Ces algorithmes sont souvent associés à la récursivité ;
recherche exhaustive (ou combinatoire) : une méthode utilisant l'énorme puissance de calcul des ordinateurs consiste à regarder tous les cas possibles. | 13.16 | 8 | 165 | male, moderate pitch |
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