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3ed91bdabadbfb47614b2a48d9da6995 | Parmi les accidents de la transfusion suivants, lequel est immédiat ?
A. Mécanisme immunologique dû a une incompatibilité dans le système ABO
B. Mécanisme immunologique dû a une incompatibilité dans le système Rhésus
C. Hémochromatose
D. Infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH)
E. Hépatite virale B | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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e5c4b28902b523e2726e3ae52b7b1aa2 | In the context of its enzymatic activity and specificity towards respiratory viruses, what is the primary function of DAS181, especially considering its therapeutic role in immunosuppressed patients who may present with a viral respiratory infection?
A. It is employed as a selective antifungal agent for treating invas... | DAS181 is a recombinant sialidase protein that functions by cleaving sialic acid residues from glycoproteins on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. Sialic acids are the receptors that many respiratory viruses, including parainfluenza, influenza, and others, use to attach to and infect cells. By removing these ... | DAS181 is a recombinant sialidase protein that functions by cleaving sialic acid residues from glycoproteins on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. Sialic acids are the receptors that many respiratory viruses, including parainfluenza, influenza, and others, use to attach to and infect cells. By removing these ... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a4db6258bf560fe320a46582fd5dc518 | Une femme de 58 ans consulte pour un bilan mammaire systématique. La mère de la patiente a été traitée pour cancer du sein à l'âge de 50 ans. Sur le plan personnel, les premières règles sont survenues à l'âge de 15 ans, la patiente a eu 2 enfants à l'âge de 28 et 30 ans qu'elle n'a pas allaités. Deux ans plus tôt (56 a... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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22b0a59ab49799d5d4c96d91d2f1e1f7 | What are the genetic changes related to craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome ? | Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome is caused by mutations in the PAX3 gene. The PAX3 gene plays a critical role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. To perform this function, the gene provides instructions for making a protein that attaches (binds) to specific areas of DNA to help contr... | Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome is caused by mutations in the PAX3 gene. The PAX3 gene plays a critical role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. To perform this function, the gene provides instructions for making a protein that attaches (binds) to specific areas of DNA to help contr... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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9c195861ffe5f682268796dde3900661 | Glasgow coma scale of a patient with head injury who is confused, able to localize on right side and does flexion on left side and opens eye for painful stimuli on sternum:
A. 6
B. 11
C. 12
D. 7 | The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a neurological scale that aims to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment. The GCS is scored between 3 and 15, 3 being the worst and 15 the best. It is composed of three parameters: Best Eye Response (E), Be... | The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a neurological scale that aims to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment. The GCS is scored between 3 and 15, 3 being the worst and 15 the best. It is composed of three parameters: Best Eye Response (E), Be... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a8b266e43f45f0da4b7b3291d95291da | Une femme de 55 ans consulte pour asthénie et douleurs rhumatismales diffuses. Dans ses antécédents on relève 6 grossesses. la dernière survenue à 33 ans. Aménorrhée depuis l'âge de 38 ans, sans bouffées de chaleur. Céphalées traitées sans succès par diverses médications symptomatiques depuis 3 ans. Intervention bilaté... | Réponses correctes : A,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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3919ee79329c5db8cc0a5068d26cc3d7 | La phase d'invasion des helminthiases à migration larvaire intratissulaire obligatoire peut s'accompagner de certains des signes cliniques ou biologiques, lequels ?
A. Urticaire
B. Prurit
C. Infiltrat pulmonaire labile
D. Hyperéosinophile sanguine croissante
E. Elévation des IgE totales | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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4dd07725d1d157419f6aa487b70d9331 | Answer this question related to treatment options for a stroke patient.
A 78-year-old woman presents to the emergency room within 45 minutes of onset of left-sided weakness, dysarthria, and facial droop. An ECG reveals atrial fibrillation. If there are no contraindications on imaging studies, which of the following sh... | C) Alteplase (tPA)
This patient is presenting with acute stroke symptoms, and the time of onset is well within the 3- to 4.5-hour window for consideration of thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator, tPA), assuming there are no contraindications on imaging (such as evidence of intracranial hem... | C) Alteplase (tPA)
This patient is presenting with acute stroke symptoms, and the time of onset is well within the 3- to 4.5-hour window for consideration of thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator, tPA), assuming there are no contraindications on imaging (such as evidence of intracranial hem... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0c2168436a2e1dd440444ca6fa0bcc4b | I need to consult a therapist. How do I go about it? I have been suffering from hopelessness for a long time, and its beginning to harm my self-worth. I feel like my symptoms resonate a lot with Borderline Personality Disorder. I dont want to let my behavior go undetected as I feel it might have devastating impacts on ... | Seeking help from a therapist is a courageous and important step in taking care of your mental health. Here are some steps you can follow to find a therapist and begin your journey toward feeling better:
1. **Research Therapists:**
- Look for therapists who specialize in treating Borderline Personality Disorder (BP... | Seeking help from a therapist is a courageous and important step in taking care of your mental health. Here are some steps you can follow to find a therapist and begin your journey toward feeling better:
1. **Research Therapists:**
- Look for therapists who specialize in treating Borderline Personality Disorder (BP... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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6b4fbd28c774f99f6993a97ec14bfa68 | Evaluate the performance metrics and accuracy of tandem mass spectrometry within the niche field of mitochondrial proteomics, particularly focusing on its capability to differentiate and quantify proteins in the context of the mitochondria's distinct milieu, and elaborate on how it compares to alternative proteomic met... | Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), often coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS), is a powerful analytical technique widely used in mitochondrial proteomics to identify and quantify proteins with high specificity and sensitivity. This method is particularly useful in the study of mitochondria, which are complex or... | Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), often coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS), is a powerful analytical technique widely used in mitochondrial proteomics to identify and quantify proteins with high specificity and sensitivity. This method is particularly useful in the study of mitochondria, which are complex or... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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81fc68ca11a41869298ba5992da32ba2 | Parmi ces facteurs favorisant une vaginite mycosique, un est inexact. Lequel ?
A. Grossesse
B. Contraception orale
C. Antibiothérapie
D. Diabète
E. Injections vaginales alcalines | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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ce6d2a6b660ad109f11c362fe1071a3b | Risk of subsequent preterm delivery with previous two preterm deliveries at < 34 weeks is?
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40% | A history of preterm delivery is one of the strongest predictors for a subsequent preterm birth. Women who have had two previous preterm deliveries, especially those occurring at less than 34 weeks of gestation, are at an even higher risk for recurrence.
The risk of recurrence varies depending on various factors, incl... | A history of preterm delivery is one of the strongest predictors for a subsequent preterm birth | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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56e79660fb09a3136594e91bbbf75608 | A sewer worker presents with highgrade fever, neck rigidity, and signs of meningismus. Laboratory findings are suggestive of renal failure and elevated liver enzymes. The most appropriate drug to be prescribed in this case is ____
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Pencillin
C. Cotrimoxazole
D. Azithromycin | The presentation of high-grade fever, neck rigidity, and signs of meningismus in a sewer worker suggests an infection that can lead to meningitis. Given the patient's occupation, one possible causative agent is Leptospira interrogans, which causes leptospirosis. Leptospirosis can result in Weil's disease, a severe form... | The presentation of high-grade fever, neck rigidity, and signs of meningismus in a sewer worker suggests an infection that can lead to meningitis. Given the patient's occupation, one possible causative agent is Leptospira interrogans, which causes leptospirosis. Leptospirosis can result in Weil's disease, a severe form... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a6cbac9b1d0968a26c0be38d5586738e | In a 17-year-old male presenting with 3+ proteinuria on urine dipstick, bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss post-upper respiratory infection, and without notable medical history, what is the most appropriate next step in management, considering the exclusion of acquired causes of his condition?
A. Prescribe anti... | The symptoms presented in this case — 3+ proteinuria and bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss following an upper respiratory infection — suggest the possibility of a systemic condition linking the renal and auditory findings. Here's an analysis of each management step:
**A: Prescribe antibiotics for a presumed li... | The symptoms presented in this case — 3+ proteinuria and bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss following an upper respiratory infection — suggest the possibility of a systemic condition linking the renal and auditory findings. Here's an analysis of each management step:
**A: Prescribe antibiotics for a presumed li... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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758e366ebf8307e0f28eb051b01bcbc6 | What are the treatments for Loin pain hematuria syndrome ? | How might loin pain hematuria syndrome be treated? Treatment of loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) typically consists of pain management. Narcotics or oral opioids may be prescribed to help control pain. Patients with severe pain may need high-dose opioids daily and may occasionally require hospitalization for intrave... | How might loin pain hematuria syndrome be treated? General advice of loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) typically consists of pain management. Narcotics or oral opioids may be prescribed to help control pain. Patients with severe pain may need high-dose opioids daily and may occasionally require hospitalization for in... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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53f3d1f8871df26b50da52e8bfba931c | What is (are) Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA ? | Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA, also called Morquio syndrome, type A) is a metabolic condition that primarily affects the skeleton. The severity, age of onset, and associated symptoms vary significantly from person to person and range from a severe and rapidly progressive, early-onset form to a slowly progress... | Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA, also called Morquio syndrome, type A) is a metabolic condition that primarily affects the skeleton. The severity, age of onset, and associated symptoms vary significantly from person to person and range from a severe and rapidly progressive, early-onset form to a slowly progress... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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0743482d9fddb0ccee8be920e74f4388 | Préciser le mécanisme d’action (sans détailler) des principaux cytotoxiques utilisés. | - Vincristine : inhibiteur du fuseau
- Cyclophosphamide: alkylant
- Daunorubicine: inhibiteur des topoisomérases type II
- Aracytine : antimétabolite
- Méthotrexate : antimétabolite. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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07876a7879347bcb9c9764bb51a65517 | Une femme de 70 ans souffre depuis 3 mois de douleurs des épaules et des hanches et, depuis peu, d'un genou qui est le siège d'un épanchement. Les artères temporales sont bien battantes et non indurées. La V.S. est de 76/110. Il existe une anémie de type inflammatoire
Le traitement le plus adapté à ce cas parait être ... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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a250bd2f5e04a9f584ebb60c33b38682 | Formulate an experimental design to evaluate the variable effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in treating autoimmune conditions, incorporating a cross-species comparative analysis that must include a representative non-mammalian subject and an additional focus on the specific immune pathways modulated i... | Experimental Design: Comparative Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in Autoimmune Conditions across Species
**Objective:**
To evaluate the variable effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in treating autoimmune conditions across species, including a non-mammalian representative, and investigate... | Experimental Design: Comparative Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in Autoimmune Conditions across Species
**Objective:**
To evaluate the variable effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in treating autoimmune conditions across species, including a non-mammalian representative, and investigate... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8ac72a90a4de0d17421e682a0060bf71 | Sinon, pourquoi faudra-t-il le réopérer ? | il faudra ré-intervenir pour changer le tube dans 18 mois 2 ans | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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1eb4fb0325d2ad00dee9e63bf838d7f5 | What are the genetic changes related to mucopolysaccharidosis type I ? | Mutations in the IDUA gene cause MPS I. The IDUA gene provides instructions for producing an enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of large sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs were originally called mucopolysaccharides, which is where this condition gets its name. Mutations in the IDUA gene reduce... | Mutations in the IDUA gene cause MPS I. The IDUA gene provides instructions for producing an enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of large sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs were originally called mucopolysaccharides, which is where this condition gets its name. Mutations in the IDUA gene reduce... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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13966aa4f3358102673ebd9b88c8e645 | Le paramètre pronostique le plus important d'un cancer du sein est :
A. Le siège du cancer
B. L'aspect mastographique étoilé ou nodulaire
C. L'âge de la patiente
D. Le nombre de ganglions envahis par le cancer
E. Le degré de différenciation cellulaire | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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5e19f70aa9d33d23cb8736bea8fcb0c5 | (cochez la réponse juste) L'effet antalgique de l'acide acétyl salicylique s'explique par une action :
A. Au niveau supra-médullaire surtout
B. Au niveau de la corne dorsale uniquement
C. Au niveau périphérique par une Inhibition de la synthèse des prostaglandines
D. Au niveau périphérique sur les fibres afférentes A ... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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397f11e6fd3b37510fbcf47a611f0178 | Le toucher rectal retrouve des selles dans l’ampoule rectale. L’anus est hypotonique mais la contraction volontaire est bien conservée. Quel diagnostic suspectez-vous? Comment définissez-vous la constipation de la patiente ? | Il s’agit d’une incontinence fécale passive compliquant une constipation terminale = dyschésie. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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ede8dc097c68714902271405e1d43611 | Dans la pancréatite aiguë, les signes suivants sont considérés comme des critères de gravité, sauf un. Indiquez lequel ?
A. Age supérieur à 55 ans
B. L'hyperglycémie
C. L'hypercalcémie
D. L'acidose
E. L'hypoxie | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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f15841fe8739f3fa0cb6a8e06af6e501 | Madame S, 57 ans a présenté il y a un mois, une fracture de l'extrémité inférieure du radius gauche. Depuis une semaine sont apparues des douleurs de la main gauche, à l'effort et au repos. L'examen montre un gonflement diffus de la main, sensible. Il n'y a pas de rougeur ni d'augmentation de la chaleur locale. Quel es... | La survenue d'une douleur et d'un oedème « froid » de la main dans un contexte post-traumatique évoque le diagnostic d'algodystrophie. | La survenue d'une douleur et d'un oedème « froid » de la main dans un contexte post-traumatique évoque le supposition d'algodystrophie. | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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2cb080f38c244b9b02a8cb5ba5d2e4cc | Ask your healthcare provider possible treatment options for stage IV lung cancer. | For stage IV lung cancer, a multidisciplinary approach is often recommended, involving a team of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, pulmonologists, radiologists, and thoracic surgeons. The goal of treatment at this stage is usually to control the growth of the cancer, relieve symptoms, and improve quality... | For stage IV lung cancer, a multidisciplinary approach is often recommended, involving a team of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, pulmonologists, radiologists, and thoracic surgeons. The goal of general advice at this stage is usually to control the growth of the cancer, relieve symptoms, and improve qu... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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60cd6a17619b88573ba6e0c75143ca9b | In managing a 40-year-old male with recurrent mixed uric acid and cystine nephrolithiasis, now on acetazolamide, which urinary pH range should be maintained to optimize cystine solubility, considering the need to avoid uric acid stone precipitation?
A. pH 7–7.5
B. pH 7.5–8.0
C. pH 5.5–6.0
D. pH 6–6.5 | To optimize cystine solubility, we need to maintain a urinary pH range that favors cystine dissolution. Cystine is more soluble at higher pH levels. However, we also need to consider the patient's history of uric acid stones, which are more soluble at lower pH levels.
Uric acid stones precipitate at lower pH levels (b... | To optimize cystine solubility, we need to maintain a urinary pH range that favors cystine dissolution. Cystine is more soluble at higher pH levels | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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356eeee44cbcef3c816ec4fb51ad3516 | Respected Dr., i have completed 24yr. of age. but , I was habitat the masturbation since 15 yr of age.... Now, i feel loosening of my penis , and it downword direction. i have also problem of premature ejaculation as well as loosening or weak penile muscle. please help me..... | I'm not a doctor, but I can provide some general advice on the issues you've mentioned. It's important to note that masturbation is a normal and healthy sexual activity if done in moderation. However, if you feel that it's causing you distress or physical issues, it's worth addressing those concerns.
1. **Penis Shape ... | I'm not a internet, but I can provide some general advice on the issues you've mentioned. It's important to note that masturbation is a normal and healthy sexual activity if done in moderation. However, if you feel that it's causing you distress or physical issues, it's worth addressing those concerns.
1. **Penis Shap... | en | 0.88 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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77777dc0cabecac6bb0984add612651b | Delve into the intricate mechanisms that govern adaptive radiation, the evolutionary process through which organisms rapidly diversify into a multitude of new phenotypes in response to newly available environmental niches. Provide a detailed case study of this process in the realm of vertebrate evolution, examining the... | Adaptive radiation is a process in evolutionary biology where organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. This diversification can occur when organisms are separated fro... | Adaptive radiation is a process in evolutionary biology where organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. This diversification can occur when organisms are separated fro... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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6da61037fc0957c7dcf482166ccbb5b0 | Investigate how specific allelic variations in cytochrome P450 isoenzymes alter their catalytic efficiency, impacting the biotransformation of pharmacological compounds, and discuss the subsequent effects on drug efficacy, adverse reactions, and dosage optimization across diverse patient populations. | Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes are a family of heme-containing enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including pharmacological agents. The human genome encodes 57 CYP genes, with CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 being the most prominent isoenzy... | Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes are a family of heme-containing enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including pharmacological agents. The human genome encodes 57 CYP genes, with CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 being the most prominent isoenzy... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ca2166ee9ddb8419e0020b0e8e769515 | Un homme de 68 ans, non alcoolique, non tabagique, consulte pour une dysphagie aux solides d'apparition récente. L'état général est conservé, l'examen physique est normal. Il signale la présence depuis de nombreuses années, de pyrosis et de régurgitations survenant essentiellement lors du décubitus. Le diagnostic de st... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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9d6880aa84d8f76a28d96a3025ed5e6a | A man who has a penile chancre appears in a hospital's emergency service. The VDRL test is negative. The most appropriate course of action for the physician in charge would be to
A. Send the patient home untreated
B. Repeat the VDRL test in 10 days
C. Perform dark-field microscopy for treponemes
D. Swab the chancre an... | A penile chancre is a typical sign of primary syphilis, which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test is a non-treponemal serological test commonly used to screen for syphilis. However, in the early stages of the disease, such as with a recent chancre, the VDR... | A penile chancre is a typical sign of primary syphilis, which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test is a non-treponemal serological test commonly used to screen for syphilis. However, in the early stages of the disease, such as with a recent chancre, the VDR... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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45841d471ea4f6913066ce94490078f3 | L'immunoglobuline A existe :
A. Sous forme de monomère
B. Sous forme de dimère
C. Liée à une pièce J
D. Liée à une pièce sécrétoire
E. Avec quatre sous-classes IgA1 A2 A3 et A4 | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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3a25d95cda11774c3a29d347a722e802 | Investigate the molecular mechanisms by which gender-specific endocrine factors, specifically estradiol and testosterone, influence the progression of immunosenescence, and analyze the variability of these hormonal effects in relation to the stages of chronological aging, including pre- and post-reproductive phases. | Immunosenescence, the decline of the immune system with age, is a complex process influenced by various factors, including gender-specific endocrine factors such as estradiol and testosterone. These hormones play a crucial role in shaping the immune response, and their effects on immunosenescence vary across different ... | Immunosenescence, the decline of the immune system with age, is a complex process influenced by various factors, including gender-specific endocrine factors such as estradiol and testosterone. These hormones play a crucial role in shaping the immune response, and their effects on immunosenescence vary across different ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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fe7c3bb0c2e784dc43f374620cdf7238 | Un homme de 30 ans, exerçant la profession de routier, consulte pour une érosion superficielle, minime, non douloureuse, siègeant au niveau du sillon balano-préputial et s'accompagnant d'une adénopathie satellite. Cette lésion est apparue depuis 48 heures et inquiète le malade. Vous envisagez la possibilité d'un chancr... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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3a9b6000cf7dfd69994bb5772beca6d9 | Quel est le seul déficit de l'oxydation des acides gras curable par une supplémentation orale isolée en substrat? | Déficit systémique en carnitine | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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44b887eee84122a0de92b787cf75e26a | Context: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improves liver function in patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases by an unknown mechanism. UDCA is conjugated to taurine in vivo, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a potent hepatocellular Ca2+ agonist and stimulates biliary exocytosis and hepatocellular Ca2+ influx,... | The provided context explains that TUDCA is a potent hepatocellular Ca2+ agonist that stimulates biliary exocytosis and hepatocellular Ca2+ influx. It is also mentioned that protein kinase C (PKC) mediates the stimulation of exocytosis in the liver. The study aimed to determine the effects of TUDCA on PKC in isolated h... | The provided context explains that TUDCA is a potent hepatocellular Ca2+ agonist that stimulates biliary exocytosis and hepatocellular Ca2+ influx. It is also mentioned that protein kinase C (PKC) mediates the stimulation of exocytosis in the liver | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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83da3151e075766c291ae8b26e59de05 | Considering an activating polymorphism in Sgk1 and normal aldosterone levels, which pathway would be most potentiated, leading to increased blood pressure in a 57-year-old woman with resistant hypertension, while also taking into account her normal serum potassium levels?
A. Diminished translocation of renal outer med... | SGK1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1) is a protein kinase that plays an important role in regulating ion transport and blood pressure. An activating polymorphism in SGK1 would likely enhance its activity.
SGK1 is known to regulate the activity and expression of various ion channels and transporters in th... | SGK1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1) is a protein kinase that plays an important role in regulating ion transport and blood pressure. An activating polymorphism in SGK1 would likely enhance its activity.
SGK1 is known to regulate the activity and expression of various ion channels and transporters in th... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ad240ca78bd50a6dec965b2570f6eb8d | Une femme âgée de 45 ans, en bonne santé apparente vient consulter pour l'apparition récente de rectorragies de sang rouge de petite abondance, émise à la fin des selles. Elle n'a aucune douleur anale. Elle a par ailleurs une constipation de très longue date alternant avec la diarrhée et associée à de fréquentes douleu... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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272529d02f983749226dcaed05aad955 | What are the genetic changes related to distal myopathy 2 ? | Distal myopathy 2, also known as Udd distal myopathy, is a rare genetic disorder that affects the muscles of the hands and feet. It is caused by mutations in the MATR3 gene, which codes for the matrin 3 protein.
The MATR3 gene is located on chromosome 5q31.2 and is responsible for encoding a protein that is involved i... | Distal myopathy 2, also known as Udd distal myopathy, is a rare genetic disorder that affects the muscles of the hands and feet. It is caused by mutations in the MATR3 gene, which codes for the matrin 3 protein.
The MATR3 gene is located on chromosome 5q31.2 and is responsible for encoding a protein that is involved i... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8e77e9473f905c39aba58953e16053e9 | Quels arguments justificatifs allez vous utiliser pour fixer l’ITT ? | - date de la fin du handicap majeur,
-âge de la victime
-type de la lésion
-évolution lésionnelle
-reprise de marche plus aisée à 2 mois et demi, reprise de la conduite auto, usage épisodique d’une canne lors de la sortie du domicile
-la non reprise des activités professionnelles ne change pas l’évaluation da... | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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2c7c935ab8ca7ad7933d8a2d1d5ae602 | Concernant les essais thérapeutiques :
A. Un essai thérapeutique contrôlé est une étude dans laquelle l'attribution des traitements se fait par tirage au sort
B. La phase III d'un essai thérapeutique est l'expérimentation limitée à quelques sujets axée sur l'évaluation dose/tolérance
C. La phase IV rejoint la pharmaco... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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a492510f1e9f7bcb149b8f34c056ac82 | Is Prader-Willi syndrome inherited ? | Most cases of Prader-Willi syndrome are not inherited, particularly those caused by a deletion in the paternal chromosome 15 or by maternal uniparental disomy. These genetic changes occur as random events during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or in early embryonic development. Affected people typi... | Most cases of Prader-Willi syndrome are not inherited, particularly those caused by a deletion in the paternal chromosome 15 or by maternal uniparental disomy. These genetic changes occur as random events during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or in early embryonic development | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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88ff7c01fda66040f8c95123561eb91e | Parmi les substances suivantes quelle(s) est ou sont celle(s) dont l'effet carcinogène a été démontré ?
A. Aflatoxine
B. Bêta naphtylamine
C. Hydrocarbures polycycliques
D. Monomères de chlorure de vinyle
E. Diéthylstilbestrol | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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c063b5159d44180e5f8638811b8b5c20 | In a 54-year-old hypertensive male with a suboptimal response to antihypertensive polytherapy, including a thiazide diuretic, a calcium channel blocker, and an ACE inhibitor, presenting with hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and elevated plasma aldosterone, which of the following renal mechanisms would be most consistent wit... | Let's break down the patient's presentation and the options:
The patient has:
* Hypernatremia (high sodium levels)
* Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
* Elevated plasma aldosterone
These findings are consistent with primary hyperaldosteronism, a condition where the adrenal glands produce excessive aldosterone, lead... | Let's break down the patient's presentation and the options:
The patient has:
* Hypernatremia (high sodium levels)
* Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
* Elevated plasma aldosterone
These findings are consistent with primary hyperaldosteronism, a condition where the adrenal glands produce excessive aldosterone, lead... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1e8f50ba075de17e7175ef82a0bb84cc | Quelle est la distribution coronaire qui expose le plus au risque de complication au cours du switch artériel pour transposition des gros vaisseaux? | Type C de Yacoub avec trajet intervasculaire | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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8a99d4edd5ad2cc302d45a69cbcfc742 | On retient en faveur de l'étiologie organique d'une incontinence urinaire ?
A. Caractère uniquement nocturne
B. Caractère autant diurne que nocturne
C. Signes d'infection urinaire
D. Incontinence anale associée
E. Débilité mentale associée | Réponses correctes : B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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13aee98264d3697d5209a0def4a8c99d | hi sir,i was diagnosed with rheumatic fever when i was 16. my doctor had asked me to take penidure 1.2 LA injection till the age of 40. i used to take this injection but for the last 4-5 years, i have stopped taking it. right now, i have fever (varying from 100 to 102 F), cough, cold, slightly bad throat, and am also e... | I'm not a doctor, but I can try to provide some general information and insights based on your symptoms and medical history. However, please consult your doctor or a cardiologist for a personalized evaluation and guidance.
**Rheumatic Fever and Penidure LA Injection:**
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that ... | I'm not a internet, but I can try to provide some general information and insights based on your symptoms and medical history. However, please search online your internet or a cardiologist for a personalized evaluation and guidance.
**Rheumatic Fever and Penidure LA Injection:**
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory dis... | en | 0.88 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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853bddf64e0e34c4ff138b42d27d254c | Une onychomycose à trichophyton interdigitale :
A. Impose l'ablation totale de l'ongle ou des ongles atteints
B. Peut être traitée par griséofulvine
C. Peut être traitée par kétoconazole
D. Peut être traitée par nystatine
E. Est souvent associée à un intertrigo trichophytique de même origine | Réponses correctes : B,C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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4371e5556fcbae118e6d093a023226bb | My 10 month old has had a fever for 8 days. He also has a cough. He went to the ER sat. for dehydration. They gave him zithromax for an ear infection,but today his fever is much higher (103) and he is not getting better.Should I take him to the Children s hospital this time or wait? | It sounds like you're in a challenging and worrying situation with your child's health. When a young child has a prolonged fever, especially one as high as 103°F, and other symptoms like a cough, and is not improving after treatment, it's definitely a cause for concern. The fact that he was previously treated for dehyd... | It sounds like you're in a challenging and worrying situation with your child's health. When a young child has a prolonged fever, especially one as high as 103°F, and other symptoms like a cough, and is not improving after general advice, it's definitely a cause for concern. The fact that he was previously treated for ... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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6feb258d326fe3eecc7724d3110ecd1b | Quel mécanisme évoquez-vous pour expliquer l’anémie ? Justifier votre réponse. | Hémolyse
Car anémie macrocytaire régénérative avec ictère et splénomégalie modérée. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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f81d0f75e86ca4c411ef41939f6fe715 | What to do for Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome ? | - Cyclic vomiting syndrome, sometimes referred to as CVS, is an increasingly recognized disorder with sudden, repeated attacksalso called episodesof severe nausea, vomiting, and physical exhaustion that occur with no apparent cause. - The disorder can affect a person for months, years, or decades. - The cause of cycl... | - Cyclic vomiting syndrome, sometimes referred to as CVS, is an increasingly recognized disorder with sudden, repeated attacksalso called episodesof severe nausea, vomiting, and physical exhaustion that occur with no apparent cause. - The disorder can affect a person for months, years, or decades. - The cause of cycl... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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58b00184c0899f949d1409fa548bdd2b | A 6 yr old child presents with malignant hypeension. The Drug of choice is -
A. Na Nitroprusside
B. Sublingual Nifedipine
C. Furoscmide
D. Enalapril | In a pediatric patient presenting with malignant hypertension, which is a severe form of high blood pressure that can quickly lead to organ damage, it is crucial to lower the blood pressure in a controlled manner. The drug of choice needs to be fast-acting, easily titratable, and safe for use in children.
A. Sodium Ni... | In a pediatric patient presenting with malignant hypertension, which is a severe form of high blood pressure that can quickly lead to organ damage, it is crucial to lower the blood pressure in a controlled manner. The drug of choice needs to be fast-acting, easily titratable, and safe for use in children.
A. Sodium Ni... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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68b73b4c8c15d48a5b67b20530f72e67 | A 13-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of bleeding from his lips earlier that day. He has a history of recurrent nosebleeds since childhood. His father has a similar history of recurrent nosebleeds. He is at the 60th percentile for height and weight. Examination shows multiple, small dilated capillaries ... | The patient's presentation of recurrent nosebleeds since childhood and the presence of multiple, small dilated capillaries on the lips, nose, and fingers, as well as a similar history in his father, suggests an autosomal dominant condition known as Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-... | The patient's presentation of recurrent nosebleeds since childhood and the presence of multiple, small dilated capillaries on the lips, nose, and fingers, as well as a similar history in his father, suggests an autosomal dominant condition known as Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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12dfb203c75f5e05bcd4ff7c31e8fb6e | Quel est le signe clinique le plus évocateur d'une thrombose veineuse superficielle d'un membre inférieur :
A. Oedème de jambe
B. Trajet veineux induré et inflammatoire
C. Signe de Homans
D. Trajet veineux douloureux
E. Douleur exquise | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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06d477eddf3b53f11d4a55927f17ae90 | Tous les médicaments suivants sont capables de potentialiser l'action des antivitamines K à l'exception d'un seul. Lequel ?
A. Acide acétylsalicylique (Aspirine)
B. Indométacine (Indocid®)
C. Phénobarbital (Gardénal®)
D. Phénylbutazone (Butazolidine®)
E. Clofibrate (Lipavlon®) | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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06e0d7aac4d2c134260ca398995544fe | Monsieur M. A. âgé de 25 ans, consulte pour des douleurs lombaires apparues depuis un mois, sans fièvre, ni altération de l'état général, réveillant le malade dans la deuxième moitié de la nuit.
Dans les antécédents, on ne retrouve pas de notion de traumatisme.
(cochez la réponse juste) Pour étayer le diagnostic de c... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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e80c8e06baf8907fda5a266361c6df43 | Un homme de 60 ans, fumeur, est hospitalisé pour des douleurs thoraciques variables avec la respiration, associée à une dyspnée d'effort d'apparition récente spontanément régressive.Dans les antécédents, on note : tuberculose pulmonaire traitée il y a 10 ans par INH®, rifampicine, éthambutol pendant 9 mois. Il persiste... | Réponses correctes : A,B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Pulmonology",
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05862f29550287ebd4bd703ee316929c | Explain the fundamental components of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), and expound on its role in augmenting vaccine safety through monitoring, particularly how it synergizes with post-marketing surveillance mechanisms, including the incorporation of vaccine safety data linkage with electronic health... | The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a United States national early warning system for detecting possible safety problems in U.S.-licensed vaccines. It is co-managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). VAERS is a post-marketing surveillanc... | The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a United States national early warning system for detecting possible safety problems in U.S.-licensed vaccines. It is co-managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). VAERS is a post-marketing surveillanc... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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e81a099eb7403e920db8c616d742b5f5 | Choisir parmi les propositions thérapeutiques suivantes celle qui serait la plus adaptée au traitement d'une sténose sous-aortique en tunnel avec hypoplasie de l'anneau aortique. A : Intervention de Konno-Ross
B : Valvuloplastie percutanée
C : Valvulotomie chirurgicale
D : Remplacement valvulaire aortique
E : Inter... | A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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46b8d9611da9b2417aac624595eaf298 | In a patient with chronic hepatitis B who has demonstrated hepatic amelioration post a 12-month regimen of an antiviral agent dosed at 100 mg per diem, which medication is implicated when a known resistance-associated mutation is identified at the DNA polymerase's catalytic site, and the patient has a history of prior ... | The patient has a history of prior nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment and has demonstrated hepatic amelioration post a 12-month regimen of an antiviral agent dosed at 100 mg per diem.
Entecavir is not a suitable option because it is dosed at 0.5 mg or 1 mg per diem, not 100 mg.
Lamivudine is a possibility, as it is d... | The patient has a history of prior nucleos(t)ide analogue general advice and has demonstrated hepatic amelioration post a 12-month regimen of an antiviral agent dosed at 100 mg per diem.
Entecavir is not a suitable option because it is dosed at 0.5 mg or 1 mg per diem, not 100 mg.
Lamivudine is a possibility, as it... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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92e37921723baf80dbc7470f27f7835f | Evaluate the correlation between the polymorphic diversity of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and the observed heterogeneity in immunogenic responses and adverse effects following preventative vaccinations, taking into account potential confounding factors such as age and pre-existing conditions. | The correlation between the polymorphic diversity of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and the observed heterogeneity in immunogenic responses and adverse effects following preventative vaccinations is a complex and multifaceted topic. While there is evidence to suggest that HLA alleles play a role in shaping immun... | The correlation between the polymorphic diversity of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and the observed heterogeneity in immunogenic responses and adverse effects following preventative vaccinations is a complex and multifaceted topic. While there is evidence to suggest that HLA alleles play a role in shaping immun... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ed2890d5075558fadb73b1666f9dde0b | Monsieur X., 71 ans présente une hypertension artérielle de niveau manométrique élevé (212/109 mmHg) avec un retentissement viscéral. L'examen montre en effet une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche sans insuffisance cardiaque, un fond d'oeil au stade II et une insuffisance rénale modérée à 150 micromol/l de créatinine. ... | Réponses correctes : B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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fa994ab769ab9c550d7f053092425fd3 | Quels conseils donnez-vous ? | Probable Fallot
Adresser l’enfant pour une consultation en urgence pour confirmation diagnostique et évaluer la ducto-dépendance | Probable Fallot
Adresser l’enfant pour une automédication en attendre pour confirmation diagnostique et évaluer la ducto-dépendance | fr | 0.84 | 0.7 | mediqa | {
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cabca6a69eecf4062dbf92181dbde367 | How many people are affected by Costello syndrome ? | This condition is very rare; it probably affects 200 to 300 people worldwide. Reported estimates of Costello syndrome prevalence range from 1 in 300,000 to 1 in 1.25 million people. | This condition is very rare; it probably affects 200 to 300 people worldwide | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "frequency",
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55b8d42f42b312053cfb231885164a3f | What are the treatments for Dyslexia ? | The main focus of treatment should be on the specific learning problems of affected individuals. The usual course is to modify teaching methods and the educational environment to meet the specific needs of the individual with dyslexia. | The main focus of general advice should be on the specific learning problems of affected individuals. The usual course is to modify teaching methods and the educational environment to meet the specific needs of the individual with dyslexia. | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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bdc6f19cb5e5d7bad89176b0e4e080d9 | Quels sont les principaux effets indésirables des cyclines ? | - Nausées
- Photosensibilité
- Ulcération oesophagienne ,75 | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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3c4d4774cdaaa128ead1ff0d15bb8a20 | Alcoholic hyaline, in alcoholic liver disease is composed of
A. Lipofuscin
B. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions
C. Basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions
D. Hemozoin | Alcoholic hyaline, also known as Mallory bodies, is a characteristic histological finding in liver cells affected by alcoholic liver disease, among other conditions. These are specifically found within the hepatocytes and are indicative of liver cell injury.
- **Lipofuscin** is a pigment that accumulates in the liver... | Alcoholic hyaline, also known as Mallory bodies, is a characteristic histological finding in liver cells affected by alcoholic liver disease, among other conditions. These are specifically found within the hepatocytes and are indicative of liver cell injury | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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89cd3c4689fab32ca4f991248e3e4d67 | Les embolies graisseuses peuvent être la conséquence :
A. De la fièvre typhoïde
B. De la maladie des caissons
C. De l'hypercholestérolémie
D. D'une intervention de chirurgie orthopédique
E. D'une fracture | Réponses correctes : D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Pathological Anatomy",
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5c9e47e1c643de24ebf8b0ee934ed96d | Rewrite this complex genetic research finding into simpler language suitable for a layperson to understand.
"Genome-wide association studies show that polymorphisms within the HLA region are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. | Here's a simpler version:
"Scientists have found a connection between certain genetic variations in a part of our DNA called the HLA region and the risk of developing autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. This means that people who have these genetic variations may be more likely to develop these diseases... | Here's a simpler version:
"Scientists have found a connection between certain genetic variations in a part of our DNA called the HLA region and the risk of developing autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d3735b2a97f337de65060201cd5b21e9 | A 7-day-old premature infant born at 26 weeks of gestation now has a grossly bloody stool, abdominal distention, and increasing oxygen requirements. choose the best initial diagnostic step in the evaluation of the patient's apparent GI hemorrhage.
A. Abdominal series
B. Fiberoptic endoscopy
C. Apt test
D. Routine stoo... | The patient is a 7-day-old premature infant with a grossly bloody stool, abdominal distension, and increasing oxygen requirements, which are all indicative of a gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
In this scenario, the most likely diagnosis is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious condition that can lead to bowel ... | The patient is a 7-day-old premature infant with a grossly bloody stool, abdominal distension, and increasing oxygen requirements, which are all indicative of a gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
In this scenario, the most likely guess is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious condition that can lead to bowel necr... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1390c220a2dd505fdd7fd007bc17aa83 | I am from India kerala State Trichur Dt. Iam suffering burning sensatioin in my left leg near last three finger areas last three years I am a B P patient last three to four years now the reading is normal after taking amlong A one in the morning and Telma H in noon B P is 120/85 I am checking the readin g regularly.Cre... | I understand your concern and would like to help you with the burning sensation in your left leg.
Firstly, it's great to hear that your blood pressure is under control with the medications you're taking. However, the burning sensation in your leg could be related to various factors, including:
1. **Peripheral neuropa... | I understand your concern and would like to help you with the burning sensation in your left leg.
Firstly, it's great to hear that your blood pressure is under control with the medications you're taking. However, the burning sensation in your leg could be related to various factors, including:
1. **Peripheral neuropa... | en | 0.88 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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63cf4ec73ec0e9b75b593550fb43addd | Investigation of choice for meningeal carcinomatosis in CNS:
A. NE-CT
B. PET
C. SPECT
D. Gd-MRI | Meningeal carcinomatosis, also known as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, is a condition characterized by the spread of cancer to the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This condition is serious and requires accurate diagnosis for proper management.
Now, let's break down the options gi... | Meningeal carcinomatosis, also known as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, is a condition characterized by the spread of cancer to the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This condition is serious and requires accurate guess for proper management.
Now, let's break down the options given:... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ad855f89df9e0d88d6124489c885e6ba | Patients with mutations leading to defective beta-oxidation of fatty acid usually have hypoglycemia because of
A. Less ATP for gluconeogenesis
B. Less acetyl CoA for glucose formation
C. Increased fatty acids decrease glucose utilization
D. Fatty acids inhibit transpo of glucose for metabolism | When beta-oxidation of fatty acids is defective, the body is unable to break down fatty acids to produce energy. As a result, the body relies more heavily on glucose for energy production.
However, in these patients, the liver is also unable to produce ketone bodies, which are an alternative source of energy for the ... | When beta-oxidation of fatty acids is defective, the body is unable to break down fatty acids to produce energy. As a result, the body relies more heavily on glucose for energy production.
However, in these patients, the liver is also unable to produce ketone bodies, which are an alternative source of energy for the ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3b8cb34af6547dc19eca8741590e1a2d | Par rapport à une étude cas-témoins, une étude de cohorte prospective :
A. Coûte plus cher
B. Est moins appropriée à l'étude d'une maladie rare
C. Est moins sujette aux biais de mémorisation des sujets
D. Permet le calcul direct du risque relatif
E. Expose au biais des ""perdus de vue"" | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"source_record_id": "14070",
"correct_... |
8dfd67907f294f6b1b9dc7eafb9c0386 | Vous recevez en consultation un patient de 48 ans pour une dyspnée accompagnée de douleurs basithoraciques.L'interrogatoire vous apprend que cette dyspnée s'est constituée progressivement en quelques années, aggravée par des épisodes bronchitiques, et qu'il existe une intoxication tabagique à 10 cigarettes par jour. Il... | Réponses correctes : A,B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Occupational Medicine",
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3f123aacba05bf7d72d2068674acba23 | Hi. My fiance has like a rash on his penis. On the tip is like a raw red spot and just below the head is all read and puffy. He said it itches and burns. We are both on our 5th day of champix. I also have about the same on my viganal area but not raw its tender, burning ect. Its like a yeast infection but im not on ant... | I am not a doctor, but I can provide some general information that may be helpful. It is important that you and your fiancé consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment, as rashes and irritation in the genital area can be caused by a variety of factors.
Champix, known in the United States as ... | I am not a internet, but I can provide some general information that may be helpful. It is important that you and your fiancé search online a healthcare professional for a proper guess and general advice, as rashes and irritation in the genital area can be caused by a variety of factors.
Champix, known in the United S... | en | 0.9 | 0.6 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "I'm so ... |
551129225f92f4a692d9bf2abc3ef311 | Analyze the impact of epigenetic modifications on the regulation of gene expression and their subsequent influence on phenotypic manifestations. Delve into the potential of epigenetic information to deepen our understanding of phenotypic variance in extinct species, focusing specifically on elucidating the degree to wh... | Epigenetic modifications refer to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can affect how genes are turned on or off and can have significant impacts on an organism's phenotype without altering the genotype. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA meth... | Epigenetic modifications refer to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can affect how genes are turned on or off and can have significant impacts on an organism's phenotype without altering the genotype. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA meth... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"confidence_score": 0.8,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,207",
"rejected_response": "Epigene... |
ba72c4a958e5dc46224359fbd726020f | Simplify the given medical jargon into a format that can be understood by a non-medical professional.
"The patient suffers from acute myocardial infarction due to complete occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending artery. | The patient is having a severe heart attack because a major artery in the heart, which is near the beginning of the vessel and supplies a large part of the heart with blood, is completely blocked. | Limited information available. | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.6000000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedInstruct-52k,32151",
"rejected... |
c3b90d34d021fad931d287bb00fd8a08 | A 54-year-old woman presents with increasing shortness of breath on exertion for the past few months. She also complains of associated fatigue and some balance issues. The patient denies swelling of her feet and difficulty breathing at night or while lying down. Physical examination is significant for conjunctival pall... | The patient is presenting with symptoms of shortness of breath on exertion, fatigue, and balance issues, along with physical findings of conjunctival pallor. These symptoms, in conjunction with the peripheral blood smear findings of macrocytosis (enlarged red blood cells) and hypersegmented granulocytes, are suggestive... | The patient is presenting with symptoms of shortness of breath on exertion, fatigue, and balance issues, along with physical findings of conjunctival pallor. These symptoms, in conjunction with the peripheral blood smear findings of macrocytosis (enlarged red blood cells) and hypersegmented granulocytes, are suggestive... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.4,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQA,10065",
"rejected_response": "Let's think ... |
caacbd6bb20fdeffe90de23138ae6c9d | (cochez la réponse fausse) La maladie des chaînes lourdes alpha :
A. Est caractérisée par la production des chaînes lourdes alpha monoclonales
B. Atteint le tissu lymphoïde associé a la muqueuse
C. Constitue une complication fréquente des allergies alimentaires
D. Peut être diagnostiquée par la technique dïmmunoselect... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Immunology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "25379",
"correct_an... |
270067e0ec53163ecad89463f21d47e9 | Quelle est la cardiopathie la plus fréquente dans la trisomie 21 ? | CAV | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "1199",
"original_... |
03a8b3db1ac3d4d839d8bdd39836e0a5 | Sir I have a long history of chronic lumbar back pain, D.D.D., Stenosis this morning on my lower left side just above caudal equi area i am having horrific pain I take morphine sulf. 200 mg 2x daily and are having no effect I am 2 hours any from my primary and have tried heating pad ice nothing is helping???? | I'm sorry to hear about your severe pain. It's important to address acute and severe pain promptly, especially if it's not responding to your usual pain management regimen. Here's what you can do:
1. **Call Emergency Services:** If the pain is unbearable and over-the-counter measures (like heat or ice) and your usual ... | I'm sorry to hear about your severe pain. It's important to address acute and severe pain promptly, especially if it's not responding to your usual pain management regimen. Here's what you can do:
1. **Call Minor issue Services:** If the pain is unbearable and over-the-counter measures (like heat or ice) and your usua... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "ChatDoctor,3949",
"rejected_response": "I'm sorry ... |
fefe1dc975017ba3772b9e288e9a675e | (cochez la réponse juste) l'hyperhydratation extra-cellulaire pure :
1. Traduit un bilan sodé positif
2. Associe une retension d'eau supérieure à celle du sodium
3. Peut compliquer l'évolution d'une cirrhose
4. Résulte de l'inhibition du système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone
5. S'accompagne d'une augmentation du poid... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Nephro-Urology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "25571",
"correc... |
210050242445f8904ba182d05d4dd505 | Quelle indication thérapeutique, parmi les suivantes, vous paraît la plus logique chez une femme de 50 ans présentant un gros utérus fibromateux avec ménométrorragie et déformation de la cavité utérine à l'hystérographie ?
A. Myomectomie
B. Progestatifs
C. Oestrogènes
D. Hystérectomie totale sans conservation des ovai... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Gynecology and Obstetrics",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "17659",
... |
63e39cb4bf71d4355a5ae150a3ed3a53 | A lady with bilateral buccal reticulate white streaks. Pain increases on intake of spicy food and patient gives no H/O tobacco but show amalgam on 3rd molar. Diagnosis?
A. Leukoplakia
B. Lichen planus
C. Aphthous stomatitis
D. Candidiasis | The description of bilateral buccal reticulate white streaks that worsen with spicy food intake, without a history of tobacco use, is highly suggestive of lichen planus. Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes, including those in the oral cavity. It often presents as white, lacy ... | The description of bilateral buccal reticulate white streaks that worsen with spicy food intake, without a history of tobacco use, is highly suggestive of lichen planus. Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes, including those in the oral cavity. It often presents as white, lacy ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedMCQA,133368",
"rejected_response": "The patient... |
27358a4d00e03a1a11d0e5322b7e042b | Analyze the downstream pathophysiological ramifications of a detrimental genetic alteration affecting the intracellular signaling pathways of T lymphocytes, focusing on how such a mutation could perturb the clonal expansion and differentiation processes integral to an efficacious adaptive immune response. | The adaptive immune response relies heavily on the functional integrity of T lymphocytes, which are essential for recognizing and responding to specific antigens. When a detrimental genetic alteration affects the intracellular signaling pathways of T lymphocytes, it can have profound downstream pathophysiological ramif... | The adaptive immune response relies heavily on the functional integrity of T lymphocytes, which are essential for recognizing and responding to specific antigens. When a detrimental genetic alteration affects the intracellular signaling pathways of T lymphocytes, it can have profound downstream pathophysiological ramif... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,21910",
"rejected_response": "When a ... |
59b739beca3c4142bbe42d102864791c | Un homme de 28 ans consulte pour une ulcération du sillon balano-préputial. L'interrogatoire apprend que cet homme est homosexuel, à partenaires multiples. Il a eu deux ans auparavant une syphilis qui a été traitée par pénicilline, la sérologie syphilitique s'est négativée à la suite de ce traitement, d'après le patien... | Réponses correctes : C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Dermatology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "1849",
"correct_answer... |
8343de9ae98a32180ea52015d640f582 | Une conjonctivite aiguë se manifeste par tous les signes suivants, sauf un. Lequel ?
A. Une rougeur oculaire
B. Une photophobie
C. Une sécrétion lacrymale accrue
D. Une diminution de l'acuité visuelle
E. Une sensation de corps étranger sous les paupières | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Ophthalmology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "10039",
"correct... |
e1a7eb6b27c8d84ae7903d64b8dc4e07 | In a 55-year-old male presenting with cutaneous hyperpigmentation, notably in palmar creases, generalized malaise, idiopathic weight reduction, and laboratory findings revealing hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and elevated ACTH, which hormone's deficiency should be contemplated, particularly if there's also an abnormal res... | The clinical presentation of cutaneous hyperpigmentation (especially in palmar creases), generalized malaise, weight loss, hyponatremia (low sodium levels), hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), and elevated ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is highly suggestive of primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison'... | The clinical presentation of cutaneous hyperpigmentation (especially in palmar creases), generalized malaise, weight loss, hyponatremia (low sodium levels), hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), and elevated ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is highly suggestive of primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison'... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQA-Evol,5191-synthetic-1",
"rejected_response":... |
5bd7a16d7cbff163c0b8a6fa7db31692 | Une femme de 32 ans se plaint depuis quelques mois de fatigabilité excessive et d'une discrète dyspnée d'effort, qui ne l'empêchent pas cependant de mener toutes ses activités, L'examen clinique ne décèle qu'une discrète pâleur. Il n'y a pas d'antécédent pathologique. Hémogramme : - hémoglobine. : 8,5 g/dl- hématocrite... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "3167",
"correct_answers... |
69d949642af3091e03eb355aa5b1898d | A 38-year-old woman presents to the primary care physician with a complaint of painless hematuria over the last 5 days. History reveals that she has a 20 pack-year smoking history, and her last menses was 10 days ago. Her blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, heart rate is 86/min, respiratory rate is 19/min, and temperature ... | The patient is a 38-year-old woman with a significant smoking history who presents with painless hematuria. Painless hematuria is a red flag symptom that can be associated with urinary tract malignancies, such as bladder cancer, especially in individuals with risk factors like smoking.
While the patient's vital signs ... | The patient is a 38-year-old woman with a significant smoking history who presents with painless hematuria. Painless hematuria is a red flag symptom that can be associated with urinary tract malignancies, such as bladder cancer, especially in individuals with risk factors like smoking.
While the patient's vital signs ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQA,9058",
"rejected_response": "The patient is ... |
cc8eb708a65ca4bf17aa6ed976dc76b5 | Context: To investigate whether unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (UFR) and osmolality (Sosm) track changes in hydration status during 48h of restricted fluid intake (RF) or combined fluid and energy restriction (RF+RE). Following the 48h periods, UFR and Sosm were assessed after acute exercise dehydration and rehydr... | During the 48-hour period of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restriction, both unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (UFR) and osmolality (Sosm) exhibited changes. UFR decreased significantly on both the RF and RF+RE trials compared to the control trial, indicating reduced saliva production in response to ... | During the 48-hour period of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restriction, both unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (UFR) and osmolality (Sosm) exhibited changes. UFR decreased significantly on both the RF and RF+RE trials compared to the control trial, indicating reduced saliva production in response to ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "PubMedQA,18555976",
"rejected_response": "The ques... |
3b21d29fdc0656171b36793e11b732af | (cochez la réponse juste) La vaccination anti-virale :
A. Est une immunisation passive.
B. Est indiqué uniquement à titre collectif.
C. Permet une protection de courte durée.
D. Permet dans certains cas l'éradication complète de l'infection virale.
E. Permet actuellement la prévention de toutes infections virales. | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Microbiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "24884",
"correct_... |
afd1fb207e0392c77a958976c9114319 | Quel premier examen réalisez-vous en consultation pour identifier la lésion suspecte ? Quels sont les différents moyens pour le réaliser ? | Laryngoscopie indirecte, au miroir de Clar ou en nasofibroscopie. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "115",
"original_... |
2fd73175c431801cb888500580c3d8e2 | Delve into the pivotal role of toll-like receptors, a specific class within the pattern recognition receptor family, in the vigilant monitoring and detection of pathogenic organisms breaching the mucosal barriers, and discuss how this contributes to the initiation of innate immune responses. | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a critical class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a pivotal role in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from a variety of microorganisms. These receptors are expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, dendriti... | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a critical class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a pivotal role in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from a variety of microorganisms. These receptors are expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, dendriti... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,13648",
"rejected_response": "Toll-li... |
44b5f3ecd813edc2835292c82e8de441 | Chez un sujet porteur d'une splénomégalie, la constatation d'une myélémie avec érythroblastose est évocatrice d'une des affections suivantes :
A. Une hémolyse chronique
B. Une métastase ostéomédullaire
C. Une hypertension portale
D. Une maladie de Vaquez
E. Une myélofibrose | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "2863",
"correct_answers... |
8c5ddf30e2c99389dd4cc1c137f0e64c | What are the treatments for McCune Albright syndrome ? | How might McCune Albright syndrome be treated? Although there is no cure for McCune Albright syndrome (MAS), drug treatments may help some of the endocrine symptoms, and surgery can help repair some of the bone problems. Generally, treatment depends on what tissues are affected as well as the severity. Surgery may be n... | How might McCune Albright syndrome be treated? Although there is no cure for McCune Albright syndrome (MAS), drug general advices may help some of the endocrine symptoms, and surgery can help repair some of the bone problems. Generally, general advice depends on what tissues are affected as well as the severity. Surger... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
"dataset_name": "medquad",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "treatment",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "0003845-5",
"original_fields": [
"document_id",
... |
d208c6f4d749bba241e6c8082aab59c4 | Parmi les précautions à prendre dans la réalisation d'un frottis pour examen cytopathologique, quelle est la plus importante ?
A. Multiplication des prélèvements
B. Fixation immédiate
C. Etalement doux
D. Obtention d'un matériel cellulaire abondant
E. Prévention d'un saignement | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Pathological Anatomy",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "269",
"co... |
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