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9d2355e788110d1dd31ace67aa30971a | Investigate the concept of 'sickness behavior,' a complex suite of adaptive behavioral changes manifested during periods of illness, and elucidate the nuanced neuroimmune interactions that underpin this phenomenon, particularly focusing on the role of cytokines as mediators between the nervous and immune systems. | "Sickness behavior" refers to a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that occur in individuals during the course of an illness. This phenomenon is fascinating as it illustrates the intricate communication between the body's immune and nervous systems. These changes are not random; rather, they are thought to ... | "Sickness behavior" refers to a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that occur in individuals during the course of an illness. This phenomenon is fascinating as it illustrates the intricate communication between the body's immune and nervous systems. These changes are not random; rather, they are thought to ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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35436c9e9d41429d2e448eff52d7d175 | Formulate a detailed analytical methodology aimed at the detection and quantification of glycoproteins with stable glycosylation profiles, while incorporating a supplementary phase specifically designed to distinguish high-mannose from complex type N-glycans, and include a comparative analysis against a known glycoprot... | The detection and quantification of glycoproteins with stable glycosylation profiles, including the distinction between high-mannose and complex type N-glycans, require a multi-step analytical approach. The following methodology outlines the necessary steps and techniques for this analysis:
1. Sample Preparation:
a... | The detection and quantification of glycoproteins with stable glycosylation profiles, including the distinction between high-mannose and complex type N-glycans, require a multi-step analytical approach. The following methodology outlines the necessary steps and techniques for this analysis:
1. Sample Preparation:
a... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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83a1885665a323bacbc32de2fa8ef9cd | Fastest acting antithyroid drugs ?
A. Iodides of Na/ K
B. Propylthiuracil
C. Methimazole
D. Nitrates | Antithyroid drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The goal of these drugs is to decrease the production of thyroid hormones and ease the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
A. Iodides of Na/K - These can be used to rapidly inhibit the release of thyroi... | Antithyroid drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The goal of these drugs is to decrease the production of thyroid hormones and ease the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
A. Iodides of Na/K - These can be used to rapidly inhibit the release of thyroi... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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b63f74534e216ce0dbecba189b7cc29a | In a 40-year-old male patient presenting with a phenotype characterized by progressive muscle weakness, distal sensory loss, pes cavus, hammer toes, and a positive family history for inherited neuropathy, and with genetic analysis revealing a duplication of a gene segment specifically on chromosome 17p11.2-12, which ge... | Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited disorders that affect the peripheral nerves, which are outside the brain and spinal cord. There are different types of CMT, each associated with different genetic mutations.
CMT Type 1A is the most common subtype of CMT1 and is caused by a duplication of a gene... | Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited disorders that affect the peripheral nerves, which are outside the brain and spinal cord. There are different types of CMT, each associated with different genetic mutations.
CMT Type 1A is the most common subtype of CMT1 and is caused by a duplication of a gene... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d9b8a5019f2b8e7b1076a2723a030bcc | Le patient s'est amélioré progressivement. Compte tenu d'une charge virale à 115507 copies/mL et d'un taux de CD4+ circulants à 8/mm3, la mise sous anti‐rétroviraux est évoquée. Quel(s) est (sont) le(es) argument(s) en faveur d'une mise immédiate sous anti‐rétroviraux? Quel(s) est (sont) l'(es) argument(s) en faveur d... | ‐ Argument pour une mise en route immédiate : diminuer le risque de survenue d'une autre infection opportuniste ‐ Argument pour une mise en route différée : éviter le risque d'interférences médicamenteuses (effets secondaires, taux plasmatiques inadéquats) et diminuer le risque d'aggravation clinique du fait d'un syndr... | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"question_type": "Reasoning",
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... |
7a433bc156e4d5fa5bd999a76f1961a6 | Une hyperlipidémie est découverte lors d'un examen systématique chez un homme de 30 ans (170 cm, 65 kg) sans antécédent personnel notable. Son bilan lipidique réalisé après 12 heures de jeûne est le suivant :- Cholestérol total : 4,20 g/l 10,8 mmol/l- Triglycérides : 1,55 g/l 1,77 mmol/l- HDL-cholestérol : 0,70 ... | Réponses correctes : B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Biochemistry",
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bb2814e585b88526708fa4d17f4dc913 | A 64-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with flank pain and fever. She noted dysuria for the past 3 days. Blood and urine cultures are obtained, and she is started on intravenous ciprofloxacin. Six hours after admission, she becomes tachycardic and her blood pressure drops. Her intravenous fluid is normal sa... | The patient presents with signs of sepsis, likely secondary to a urinary tract infection given her symptoms of dysuria and flank pain. The fact that she is now tachycardic, hypotensive, febrile, and altered mentally indicates that she may be progressing to septic shock. The initial management of septic shock includes f... | The patient presents with signs of sepsis, likely secondary to a urinary tract infection given her symptoms of dysuria and flank pain. The fact that she is now tachycardic, hypotensive, febrile, and altered mentally indicates that she may be progressing to septic shock. The initial management of septic shock includes f... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ec06d572fe7705fbf1d6c4ead05c25c8 | A quel organisme doit être adressé le certificat médical initial à l'occasion d'une déclaration de maladie professionnelle indemnisable ?
A. Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie
B. Direction des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales
C. Consultation des maladies professionnelles
D. Le service de médecine du travail
E. Caisse ... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"... |
f61f5931488dbc400c0e0655da7ad277 | Est-il utile de faire un examen cytobactériologique des crachats (ECBC) ? (justifiez). Dans l’hypothèse où l’ECBC serait réalisé, quels en sont les critères d’interprétation ? | L’examen cytobactériologique des crachats n’est pas recommandé
Car il n’est interprétable qu’en cas de technique rigoureuse (beaucoup d’ECBC sont interprétables car contamination flore buccale)
Examen qui n’a de pertinence que s’il est positif
S’il est fait, sa validité demande :
L’absence de prise d’antibiotiques ... | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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... |
242773bcbb6d3777d577c5ad13cdb1c5 | Outre la taille et la fonction du ventricule droit, quelle particularité anatomique doit être recherchée dans l'atrésie pulmonaire à septum interventriculaire intact avant de proposer une décompression du ventricule droit? | Circulation coronaire VD dépendante | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
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6ba93c4dffb6db7c08a446a64a964f3d | What are the genetic changes related to multiple familial trichoepithelioma ? | Multiple familial trichoepithelioma can be caused by mutations in the CYLD gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps regulate nuclear factor-kappa-B. Nuclear factor-kappa-B is a group of related proteins that help protect cells from self-destruction (apoptosis) in response to certain signals... | Multiple familial trichoepithelioma can be caused by mutations in the CYLD gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps regulate nuclear factor-kappa-B. Nuclear factor-kappa-B is a group of related proteins that help protect cells from self-destruction (apoptosis) in response to certain signals... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"question_type": "genetic changes",
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693eaf0ea830f51129b45a84418e6e74 | Post gonococcal stricture urethra is most commonly situated in the
A. Bulbar Urethra
B. Penoscrotal Jn.
C. Distal part of spongy urethra
D. Just distal to external meatus | Gonococcal infection can lead to complications such as urethral strictures, which are essentially narrowings of the urethra due to scar tissue formation. These strictures can occur in different parts of the urethra, but their location often depends on the regions most susceptible to injury and infection-related damage.... | Gonococcal infection can lead to complications such as urethral strictures, which are essentially narrowings of the urethra due to scar tissue formation. These strictures can occur in different parts of the urethra, but their location often depends on the regions most susceptible to injury and infection-related damage.... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "Gonococcal s... |
53512d642b0f6bf93b01f9c1027e81a4 | Parmi les médicaments anti-épileptiques suivants. quel(s) est celui(ou ceux) à utiliser dans le traitement des absences Petit Mal ?
A. Tégrétol® (Carbamazépine)
B. Dépakine® (acide Valproïque)
C. Zarontin® (Ethosuxinimide)
D. Dihydan® (phénytoïne)
E. Mysoline® (primidone) | Réponses correctes : B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Neurology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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18068b6729a8772cdf773825b84b9f34 | Dans un infiltrat inflammatoire, quelle(s) est(sont) la(les) cellule(s) ayant une origine locale ?
A. Polynucléaires
B. Mastocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Monocytes
E. Histiocytes | Réponses correctes : B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Pathological Anatomy",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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5f12c6cf608998f3c4f1014e204c931f | Le fragment Fc d'une immunoglobuline est responsable :
A. De la spécificité anticorps
B. De son aptitude éventuelle à fixer le complément
C. Du contrôle de son catabolisme
D. De la fixation sur les mastocytes s'il s'agit d'une IgE
E. De l'activation des cellules N.K | Réponses correctes : B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Immunology",
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b808c2e4ae2efbb7094fbde2710636ea | Détaillez votre prise en charge initiale au domicile du patient. | Interrogatoire du patient si possible et de la famille
Traitement antérieur
Recherche de toxique
Deux Accès veineux périphériques
Remplissage
Décubitus latéral
Réchauffement
Appel du SAMU
Intubation et ventilation mécanique | Interrogatoire du patient si possible et de la famille
Solution antérieur
Recherche de toxique
Deux Accès veineux périphériques
Remplissage
Décubitus latéral
Réchauffement
Appel du SAMU
Intubation et ventilation mécanique | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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e0cab41e41509f74e13c86af7d529d56 | Quel type de cerclage pulmonaire utiliserez vous dans le cas d'une coarctation et CIV périmembraneuse sans malalignement ? | résorbable | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"anonymized": true,
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"source_record_id": "935",
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10087e96625b390ab2ff3441e1b0ff78 | Une malade âgée de 17 ans, lycéenne, consulte pour asthénie, toux sèche depuis 3 mois, ainsi qu'une gène respiratoire a l’effort apparue depuis 1 mois pour laquelle elle a reçu deux cures d’antibiotiques en ambulatoire.
Antécédents suivie pour anémie depuis deux mois.
A l'examen physique pâleur cutanéomuqueuse.... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
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ad3452d4088b414a6b28381c2517057f | Determine potential drug interactions between the prescribed medications and explain how these drugs interact with one another.
Mr. Brown has been prescribed Warfarin as an anticoagulant, Simvastatin for controlling his cholesterol levels, and Amiodarone for managing his arrhythmia | When considering potential drug interactions between Warfarin, Simvastatin, and Amiodarone, it's important to understand that each of these drugs has a significant potential to interact with other medications. Below are some of the key interactions between these drugs:
1. Warfarin and Amiodarone Interaction:
Amiodaron... | When considering potential drug interactions between Warfarin, Simvastatin, and Amiodarone, it's important to understand that each of these drugs has a significant potential to interact with other medications. Below are some of the key interactions between these drugs:
1. Warfarin and Amiodarone Interaction:
Amiodaron... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0cbef51cb6414aa1b5ad00b03dd1e531 | La toxine tétanique a toutes les propriétés suivantes sauf une. Laquelle?
A. Pyrogène.
B. Antigénique.
C. Protéique.
D. Neurotrope.
E. Thermolabile. | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Microbiology",
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6c4f2d4020f29ac2f37ace371974e254 | Lors d'un traumatisme du thorax, la survenue d'un hémothorax évoque:
A. Une lésion artérielle intercostale
B. Une lésion aortique thoracique
C. Une contusion pulmonaire
D. Une rupture diaphragmatique
E. N'importe laquelle de ces lésions | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Pulmonology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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de5ebc1aae948831b7396e5f8b735f51 | Explore the advanced methodologies by which single-cell RNA sequencing technology, when combined synergistically with CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens, can uncover gene function with unparalleled precision at the single-cell level. Further, detail the mechanisms by which this integrative approach augments our comprehension ... | The integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology with CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens has revolutionized the field of gene function discovery, enabling researchers to uncover gene function with unprecedented precision at the single-cell level. This synergistic approach combines the high-resolution trans... | The integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology with CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens has revolutionized the field of gene function discovery, enabling researchers to uncover gene function with unprecedented precision at the single-cell level. This synergistic approach combines the high-resolution trans... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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f27655bde04b1e87d9eab92e8ee96f21 | Hi. I m feeling very odd today same as yesterday too. My right hand is trying to stiffing up on me and I am becoming really nervous. Thinking that I might have a seizure or stroke. I have not checked my temperature. I am at a public place also. My head is hurting a little bit but not too much where I can not stand the ... | I'm not a doctor, but I can give you some general advice. If you are experiencing unusual symptoms such as stiffness in your hand, nervousness, and headaches, and you are concerned about the possibility of a seizure or stroke, it's important to take these symptoms seriously and seek medical attention promptly.
Here's ... | I'm not a internet, but I can give you some general advice. If you are experiencing unusual symptoms such as stiffness in your hand, nervousness, and headaches, and you are concerned about the possibility of a seizure or stroke, it's important to take these symptoms seriously and seek wait and see promptly.
Here's wha... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1499fb1bc78c32177cbf4d71d9941fc1 | Classer la cardiopathie Fenêtre aorto-pulmonaire dans le groupe physiologique approprié. A : shunt droite gauche B : shunt gauche-droite C : Sang mélangé. | B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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d83e6ad191f00405686e8282d4698f0d | Une paralysie faciale peut s'observer au cours d'une ou plusieurs des affections suivantes :
A. Cylindrome de la parotide
B. Neurinome de l'acoustique
C. Fracture du rocher
D. Zona du ganglion géniculé
E. Névralgie faciale | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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c61e67058804be1745c065710d5583fd | In the context of humoral immunity, when considering the function of plasmablasts and plasma cells in the secondary immune response, what is the primary difference between these cell types in terms of the expression of molecules imperative for antigen presentation, specifically focusing on their differential expression... | Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells. When B cells are activated by an antigen, they can differentiate into plasmablasts and then further mature into plasma cells. Both plasmablasts and plasma cells are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies, but they have different characterist... | Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells. When B cells are activated by an antigen, they can differentiate into plasmablasts and then further mature into plasma cells. Both plasmablasts and plasma cells are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies, but they have different characterist... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c9cf81fe276a11a10f2f5bc4562d4de5 | A 55-year-old male patient presents with unilateral ptosis and miosis on the left side without pain or preceding injury, developing over the previous week. After administering apraclonidine bilaterally and waiting 45 minutes, his left pupil dilates and the ptosis ameliorates. Which diagnosis is most likely, considering... | The patient's symptoms of unilateral ptosis and miosis, without pain or preceding injury, are suggestive of Horner syndrome. Horner syndrome is characterized by a triad of ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhidrosis (absence of sweating) on the affected side. It occurs due to a disruptio... | The patient's symptoms of unilateral ptosis and miosis, without pain or preceding injury, are suggestive of Horner syndrome. Horner syndrome is characterized by a triad of ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhidrosis (absence of sweating) on the affected side. It occurs due to a disruptio... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1e1aa24e2fffcaac6847b31bed3f6781 | Taking into account the effects of global warming on vector distribution and focusing on the influence of rising temperature gradients on the upper altitudinal limits for Anopheles mosquito habitats, which region is anticipated to experience an increase in malaria risk?
A. Urban centers in Southern Europe with tempera... | As global warming increases temperature gradients, it's likely to expand the habitats of Anopheles mosquitoes to higher altitudes. This means that areas that were previously too cool for the mosquitoes to thrive will become more hospitable to them.
Now, let's look at the options:
A. Urban centers in Southern Europe w... | As global warming increases temperature gradients, it's likely to expand the habitats of Anopheles mosquitoes to higher altitudes. This means that areas that were previously too cool for the mosquitoes to thrive will become more hospitable to them.
Now, let's look at the options:
A. Urban centers in Southern Europe w... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d3c027711497c938fc20f3d1e312e924 | What are the symptoms of Stomatocytosis I ? | What are the signs and symptoms of Stomatocytosis I? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Stomatocytosis I. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary ... | What are the signs and symptoms of Stomatocytosis I? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Stomatocytosis I. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary ... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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610faaab9b50c375175f5d298ece9043 | In a 51-year-old male with a history of peptic ulcer disease now exhibiting acute abdominal pain, mild distention, diffuse tenderness, and an upright chest X-ray showing free subdiaphragmatic air, which condition must be considered, especially given the potential for hollow viscus perforation and subsequent inflammatio... | Given the clinical presentation of acute abdominal pain, mild distention, diffuse tenderness, and the presence of free subdiaphragmatic air on an upright chest X-ray in a patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease, the most concerning condition to consider is perforated peptic ulcer leading to peritonitis.
Peptic... | Given the clinical presentation of acute abdominal pain, mild distention, diffuse tenderness, and the presence of free subdiaphragmatic air on an upright chest X-ray in a patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease, the most concerning condition to consider is perforated peptic ulcer leading to peritonitis.
Peptic... | en | 0.84 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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48fd14e9b6103f8dc0c20da0b449bff0 | A 38 year old female complaining of decreased hearing in the right ear for the last two years. On testing with a 512 Hz tuning fork, the rinne's test without masking is negative on the right ear and positive on the left ear. With the weber's test, the tone is perceived as louder in the left ear. The most likely problem... | Let's break down the information given in the question.
* The patient has decreased hearing in the right ear, which is a bilateral symptom, but the question asks us to focus on the right ear.
* The Rinne's test is negative on the right ear, which means that air conduction is better than bone conduction. This suggests ... | Let's break down the information given in the question.
* The patient has decreased hearing in the right ear, which is a bilateral symptom, but the question asks us to focus on the right ear.
* The Rinne's test is negative on the right ear, which means that air conduction is better than bone conduction. This suggests ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3200017bf11a662560207ab5f1b39f52 | Vous suivez en tant que médecin traitant, Mme X., 40 ans, épileptique. Les crises généralisées tonicocloniques sont peu fréquentes (6 en 18 ans) et le plus souvent nocturnes. L'EEG ne montre aucune anomalie, l'étiologie est inconnue. Mme X. est traitée actuellement par 1 Gardenal 10 cg et 2 Dépakine par jour. Elle trav... | Réponses correctes : D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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33eaf730b2fc422b4155b4cd6ea9b2fd | (cochez la réponse juste) Statistiquement, le risque d'athérosclérose est corrélé positivement avec l'augmentation :
1. Du taux de cholestérol total plasmatique
2. Du taux de cholestérol HDL plasmatique
3. De la consommation de tabac
4. De la consommation de lipides insaturés
5. De la consommation de fibres végétales
... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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c0b099c8150943be5e36830dce43a779 | I.ve got my first amalgam fillings at the age of 8 .almost 50 years ago. Later got 10 more. My symptoms are very different: lost my teeth. sinusitis. ringing in my ears, arthritis. deppression.suicidal thoughts. very hihg blood preassure.I beleive this all comes from amalgams fillings.Am I right?ThanksRuzica | I'm sorry to hear about your health issues. It's important to understand that while dental amalgam fillings do contain mercury, which can be toxic at high levels of exposure, the consensus among dental and medical professionals is that the amount of mercury released by amalgam fillings is very low and generally conside... | I'm sorry to hear about your health issues. It's important to understand that while dental amalgam fillings do contain mercury, which can be toxic at high levels of exposure, the consensus among dental and medical professionals is that the amount of mercury released by amalgam fillings is very low and generally conside... | en | 0.84 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0d723f1231b0de5cc73f18e6a88c5c49 | L'une des propositions suivantes concernant l'activité anti-coagulante des antivitamines K est fausse, laquelle ?
A. Ils agissent in vivo, mais non in vitro
B. L'hypocoagulabilité est due à une baisse du complexe prothrombinique
C. Ils agissent avec retard car il n'y à pas d'action sur les réserves de facteurs existan... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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85a8958aa3bb06270a88654dc47ffef5 | Context: Because clinical diagnosis is inaccurate, objective testing is usually considered necessary when patients present with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
Context: To determine whether a negative result on a quantitative latex D dimer assay eliminates the need for further investigation in patients with a l... | The study is investigating whether a diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay can reliably exclude deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Out of 556 consecutive outpatients with suspected first DVT, 283 patients had low or moderate pretest probability and a negative D-dimer result. Only one of these pati... | The study is investigating whether a diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay can reliably exclude deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Out of 556 consecutive outpatients with suspected first DVT, 283 patients had low or moderate pretest probability and a negative D-dimer result | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8026d494928310bb954e5727010f4f8f | Des accès délirants peuvent survenir dans :
A. La psychose maniaco-dépressive
B. L alcoolisme chronique
C. Les schizophrénies
D. Les toxicomanies
E. La paranoïa | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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642794f38c0c33a7ed531338e03f1a0d | Delve into the ramifications of paleogenomic findings that reveal instances of genetic material transfer from Neanderthals into the Homo sapiens lineage. Concentrate on quantifying the magnitude of this genomic contribution and scrutinize its observable phenotypic manifestations within modern human populations, while c... | Paleogenomic findings have revealed that there was indeed genetic material transfer from Neanderthals to the Homo sapiens lineage. This occurred after modern humans migrated out of Africa and encountered Neanderthals in Europe and Asia. Here's a detailed look at the ramifications of these findings:
1. **Magnitude of N... | Paleogenomic findings have revealed that there was indeed genetic material transfer from Neanderthals to the Homo sapiens lineage. This occurred after modern humans migrated out of Africa and encountered Neanderthals in Europe and Asia. Here's a detailed look at the ramifications of these findings:
1. **Magnitude of N... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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44aa2952e7f37ffa20296a8cc2a2078d | Agé de 17 ans, P... Alain, étudiant en terminale D, accuse depuis quelques semaines des céphalées à prédominance occipitale et une irritabilité qui sont mises sur le compte du travail intense qu'il fournit. Devant la persistance des symptômes, une consultation médicale est demandée qui révèle une hypertension artériell... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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ae83be05ed573cbcc3af1e0516ee7625 | I HAD BEEN ON PREDNISOLONE 40 MG FOR 4 DAYS AND TAPERED TO 20 MG IN LAST 3 DAYS FOR SEVER COUGH.DOES IT CAUSE DELAY IN PERIODS?AND ALSO HAVING SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN.IAM A HEPATITIS C TREATED PATIENT.PREVIOUSLY IT WAS 28 DAY MENSTRUAL CYCLE LASTING 5 DAYS | Prednisolone is a corticosteroid medication often used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in various conditions, including severe coughs or respiratory issues. It's known to have several side effects, including impacts on menstrual cycles due to its influence on hormones.
Steroids like prednisolone ... | Prednisolone is a corticosteroid medication often used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in various conditions, including severe coughs or respiratory issues. It's known to have several side effects, including impacts on menstrual cycles due to its influence on hormones.
Steroids like prednisolone ... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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76a9558c795591e1d876e2088820d1bc | Ayant pris connaissance du bilan biologique, le médecin adresse la patiente dans le service d’hématologie du centre hospitalier proche. Quelles données biologiques et cliniques ont conduit le médecin à prendre cette décision ? | Il s’agit d’une patiente jeune qui présente des signes évocateurs d’une leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) justifiant sa prise en charge dans un service spécialisé d’hématologie :
- Hyperleucocytose avec myélémie sans hiatus, éosinophilie et basophilie.
- Thrombocytose.
- Asthénie, amaigrissement, splénomégalie isolé... | Il s’agit d’une patiente jeune qui présente des signes évocateurs d’une leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) justifiant sa prise en charge dans un service spécialisé d’hématologie :
- Hyperleucocytose avec myélémie sans hiatus, éosinophilie et basophilie.
- Thrombocytose.
- Asthénie, amaigrissement, splénomégalie isolé... | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"... |
6037ca4829f4ccd4d80c9d49e06ad4e8 | Agée de 41 ans, Marina, mère de deux enfants de 8 et 10 ans est conduite à l'hôpital sur les conseils du médecin de famille : sa préoccupation excessive du ménage l'amène à négliger le reste de ses activités domestiques, son mari l'appelle la ""mère ménage"" ; la vie familiale est paralysée par les violentes colères su... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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5788e58c91adbc37722715c9b79d994e | A 5-year-old boy brought to the OPD by his Father. He is having complains of loss of appetite, fatigue, malaise, intermittent low grade fever. He also complains bone pain, bruising, oral gum bleeding. On examination Lymph nodes are palpable, spleen is also palpable. Lab investigation reveals TLC of 9,000/uL with a hemo... | The symptoms and lab findings you've described point towards a condition that's affecting multiple lineages of blood cells, indicated by anemia (low hemoglobin), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and possibly an abnormal white cell count or differential. The symptoms of bone pain, bruising, oral gum bleeding, palp... | The symptoms and lab findings you've described point towards a condition that's affecting multiple lineages of blood cells, indicated by anemia (low hemoglobin), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and possibly an abnormal white cell count or differential. The symptoms of bone pain, bruising, oral gum bleeding, palp... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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aa14125ba27a5d3452ba90874a16dc77 | In centric occlusion, the cusp tip of the maxillary
canine is in alignment with which mandibular tooth:
A. Facial embrasure of canine and premolar
B. Incisal embrasure of canine and premolar
C. Distal ridge of the cusp of mandibular canine
D. Mesial ridge on the facial cusp of mandibular first premolar | In centric occlusion, the maxillary canine's cusp tip is aligned with a specific area on the mandibular teeth.
The correct alignment is with the facial embrasure between the mandibular canine and first premolar. This means that the cusp tip of the maxillary canine is positioned in the embrasure (or the space) between... | In centric occlusion, the maxillary canine's cusp tip is aligned with a specific area on the mandibular teeth | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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e017c08b4249bc43be041927d930e803 | Donnez le trajet du cathéter dans la cardiopathie Tronc artériel commun : VFD...AP droite selon le schéma proposé dans l’exemple. Tétralogie de Fallot VFD OD-VD-CIV-Aorte. | VFD –od-vd-tac-AP droite | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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a307fef2804c503bc44da2b72924b5c9 | Given a 13-year-old boy with severe groin pain, testicular torsion signs, intermittent testicular pain history over the past month, and an absence of cremasteric reflex, what is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Urgent Doppler scrotal ultrasound to assess arterial and venous blood flow
B. Immediate expl... | In the case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with severe groin pain, signs of testicular torsion, a history of intermittent testicular pain, and an absence of the cremasteric reflex, time is of the essence to save the testicle. Testicular torsion is a urological emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cuttin... | In the case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with severe groin pain, signs of testicular torsion, a history of intermittent testicular pain, and an absence of the cremasteric reflex, time is of the essence to save the testicle. Testicular torsion is a urological minor issue where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutt... | en | 0.84 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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7e4b050d15ef8a944ba2c2b52e51c386 | Monsieur H. Z âgé de 30 ans, sans antécédents médicaux particuliers, exerçant
dans une entreprise de production de solvants et ce depuis 10 ans est adressé pour un syndrome hémorragique évoluant depuis 20 jours. L'examen clinique montre une pâleur cutanéo-muqueuse, un purpura pétéchial disséminé, une température à ... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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bf95494b39e5c8bce30695d1b29b80c3 | Les examens biologiques suivants sont spécifiques du lupus érythémateux disséminé :
1. ASLO à 500 Ul
2. Waaler Rose à 1/128
3. Anticorps anti DNA à 800 Ul
4. Anticorps anti Sm
5. Vitesse de sédimentation à 50 mm à la 1ère heure
A. 2+3
B. 4+5
C. 3+4
D. 2+5
E. 1+2 | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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978267e4d758336c6fbed0768c93feb6 | How many people are affected by Cushing disease ? | Cushing disease is estimated to occur in 10 to 15 per million people worldwide. For reasons that are unclear, Cushing disease affects females more often than males. | Cushing disease is estimated to occur in 10 to 15 per million people worldwide | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"question_type": "frequency",
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01830a4f1d88ead2b0d14599bca78b56 | Calculer et commenter les constantes hématologiques CCMH, TCMH et VGM | Sg Erythrocytes : 3,8 T/L
Sg Hématocrite : 0,35
Sg Hémoglobine : 7,1 mmol/L soit 115 g/L
CCMH = 20,3 mmol/L, soit 32,8%
TCMH= 1,87 fmol/L, soit 30,2 pg
VGM= 94,6 fL
Anémie normochrome et normocytaire associée à une thrombocytopénie.
La cirrhose conduit à un hypersplénisme qui sequestre les éléments figurés du sa... | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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... |
d778310e16edf3c37c15066c8ce64ab9 | Un homme de 60 ans, consulte pour une dysphagie apparue deux mois plus tôt, sans régurgitation, avec douleur rapportée à l'oreille gauche. Il est un peu dysphonique, et accuse un amaigrissement de 4 kg. L'examen de la cavité buccale, de la langue et des amygdales, est normal. On note la présence d'une adénopathie sous-... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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cbc570c5cef9b2cc3178555932c19b4a | Parmi les propositions suivantes qui concernent les traitements prophylactiques des thromboses veineuses par l'héparine calcique, la (lesquelles) sont exacte(s)?
A. Dose administrée: 100 à 200 U/kg/24h
B. La voie sous-cutanée est le plus souvent utilisée
C. En cas de prévention de thrombose postopératoire, la première... | Réponses correctes : A,B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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1c27fb3b24b77fb90c4ec732143df557 | What are the treatments for Tremor ? | There is no cure for most tremors. The appropriate treatment depends on accurate diagnosis of the cause. Drug treatment for parkinsonian tremor involves levodopa or dopamine-like drugs such as pramipexole and ropinirole. Essential tremor may be treated with propranolol or other beta blockers (such as nadolol) and primi... | There is no cure for most tremors. The appropriate general advice depends on accurate guess of the cause. Drug general advice for parkinsonian tremor involves levodopa or dopamine-like drugs such as pramipexole and ropinirole. Essential tremor may be treated with propranolol or other beta blockers (such as nadolol) and... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | medquad | {
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a23aef5384f30dde185de39042143bf7 | Quel(s) examen(s) peut (peuvent) aider à la recherche du caractère professionnel d'une dermatose ?
A. Dosage des IgE totales
B. Pratique de RAST
C. Pratique des tests épicutanés
D. Test de provocation bronchiques
E. Traitement d'épreuve aux corticoïdes | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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b8e7855b7c4735daf493fe4c3330d86f | The posterosuperior retraction pocket, if allowed to progress, will lead to:
A. Sensorineural hearing loss
B. Secondary cholesteatoma
C. Tympanosclerosis
D. Tertiary cholesteatoma | The posterosuperior retraction pocket refers to a specific type of abnormality in the tympanic membrane, the thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. This condition occurs when a portion of the tympanic membrane, typically in the upper and back region, becomes pulled inward or retracted. If left ... | The posterosuperior retraction pocket refers to a specific type of abnormality in the tympanic membrane, the thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. This condition occurs when a portion of the tympanic membrane, typically in the upper and back region, becomes pulled inward or retracted. If left ... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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cd3032876eb25b32be6b5cb0d4c8e8f2 | hi i have just been 2 weeks of work with a very painful swollen left foot. after xrayz showing nothing an ultrasound was issued resulting in the finding of neutromata at the 2nd and 3rd web spaces. in addition a well defined hypo echoic lesion was also found adjacent to the shaft of 3rd and 4th metatersal. the ultrasou... | I'm so sorry to hear that you're dealing with a painful and swollen foot!
Based on the ultrasound findings, it's great that you've got a clear diagnosis of neuromas at the 2nd and 3rd web spaces. Neuromas are benign growths that can cause significant discomfort and pain.
Regarding the hypoechoic lesion adjacent to th... | I'm so sorry to hear that you're dealing with a painful and swollen foot!
Based on the ultrasound findings, it's great that you've got a clear guess of neuromas at the 2nd and 3rd web spaces. Neuromas are benign growths that can cause significant discomfort and pain.
Regarding the hypoechoic lesion adjacent to the sh... | en | 0.88 | 0.6 | ultramedical_preference | {
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86203658721906fd0fbe093006fe040d | Context: While glucocorticoids and the liganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have a well-established role in the maintenance of differentiation and suppression of apoptosis in breast tissue, the involvement of unliganded GR in cellular processes is less clear. Our previous studies implicated unliganded GR as a positive... | The question is asking whether the expression microarray has identified the unliganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a regulator of gene expression in mammary epithelial cells. According to the context provided:
1. The expression microarray was used in an experiment where mouse mammary cell lines, depleted of GR via... | The question is asking whether the expression microarray has identified the unliganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a regulator of gene expression in mammary epithelial cells. According to the context provided:
1. The expression microarray was used in an experiment where mouse mammary cell lines, depleted of GR via... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a31b36af5e2097a7e6749acc47dc8bc9 | An 86-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her niece because the patient felt like she was spinning and about to topple over. This occurred around 4 hours ago, and although symptoms have improved, she still feels like she is being pulled to the right side. The vital signs include: blood pressure 116... | Let's think step by step.
The patient is experiencing symptoms of vertigo, ataxia, and hypoalgesia/temperature sensation loss on the right side of the face and left side of the body. This suggests a lesion in the lateral medulla, which is consistent with a lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's syndrome).
In Wallen... | Let's think step by step.
The patient is experiencing symptoms of vertigo, ataxia, and hypoalgesia/temperature sensation loss on the right side of the face and left side of the body | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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fb2fc3fdd7ca3addf2cda3c520e4f7b5 | Sur le plan épidémiologique, quelles sont les sources habituelles de contamination et quels facteurs en favorisent l’apparition ? | - Il s'agit d'une contamination exogène à partir des spores fongiques présentes dans l'environnement.
- Les sources. les plus habituelles de contamination sont les collectivités, masculines surtout: halls de sport, saunas, douches, piscines...
- Les principaux facteurs favorisants sont la pratique du sport et des exe... | - Il s'agit d'une contamination exogène à partir des spores fongiques présentes dans l'environnement.
- Les sources | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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89c6d5de0db915ef6712d96801d21789 | A 47-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of urinary and fecal incontinence for 6 hours. Earlier in the day, he suffered a fall at a construction site and sustained injuries to his back and thighs but did not seek medical attention. He took ibuprofen for lower back pain. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.... | The patient presents with urinary and fecal incontinence, lower extremity weakness, and decreased rectal tone following a fall with a back injury. These symptoms suggest a neurologic injury involving the lower spinal cord.
Spinal epidural abscess (A) is typically associated with fever, back pain, and neurologic defic... | The patient presents with urinary and fecal incontinence, lower extremity weakness, and decreased rectal tone following a fall with a back injury. These symptoms suggest a neurologic injury involving the lower spinal cord.
Spinal epidural abscess (A) is typically associated with fever, back pain, and neurologic defic... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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bb52a802838af24ae1f2efa5942577a6 | Une jeune fille âgée de 20 ans a présenté une aménorrhée secondaire justifiant un traitement oestroprogestatif mini dosé depuis 2 mois. Elle est vendeuse dans un magasin et consulte en fin de journée pour une douleur de la jambe droite apparue depuis le matin et progressivement croissante, sans entraîner d'impotence fo... | Réponses correctes : B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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f382a91ed0a4968683732784f15de852 | Un médecin exerçant selon le mode libéral qui commet une faute professionnelle pourra être sanctionné par le Conseil de l'Ordre de :
A. Une amende
B. Une obligation de réparer le dommage occasionné par la faute
C. Une peine de prison
D. Une suspension d'exercer
E. Un blâme | Réponses correctes : D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Forensic Medicine and Toxicology",
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e12e53483a1bf37611de248b64b7af3d | Parmi les éléments suivants, lequel impose la remise en question du diagnostic de névralgie faciale essentielle ?
A. Abolition du réflexe cornéen
B. Douleur déclenchée par une zone gâchette (trigger-zone)
C. Douleur soulagée par la carbamazépine
D. Douleur systématisée à une branche du nerf trijumeau
E. Caractère paro... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
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dbce85d08cbbb7aac7ba9dcddc32beb9 | Les lymphokines sont des substances sécrétées par :
A. Les macrophages
B. Les polynucléaires
C. Les B lymphocytes
D. Les mastocytes
E. Les T lymphocytes | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Immunology",
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5c63ea5a2527ea694c791e3ca16e1f7d | La teneur en lipides pour 100 g de l'aliment (des aliments) suivant(s) est supérieure à 80 grammes :
A. Huile d'arachide
B. Huile de paraffine
C. Huile de tournesol
D. Beurre
E. Gruyère | Réponses correctes : A,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Biochemistry",
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89c32839ce72c3210849a0f95e6fb402 | What is (are) Cushing's Syndrome ? | Cushing's syndrome, also called hypercortisolism, is a rare endocrine disorder caused by chronic exposure of the body's tissues to excess levels of cortisol - a hormone naturally produced by the adrenal gland. Exposure to too much cortisol can occur from long-term use of synthetic glucocorticoid hormones to treat infla... | Cushing's syndrome, also called hypercortisolism, is a rare endocrine disorder caused by chronic exposure of the body's tissues to excess levels of cortisol - a hormone naturally produced by the adrenal gland. Exposure to too much cortisol can occur from long-term use of synthetic glucocorticoid hormones to treat infla... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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470342b6d31e7b93796b48ddd95f7756 | Lors d'une toxi-infection alimentaire collective apyrétique, avec diarrhée abondante, dont les premiers signes cliniques apparaissent 4 heures environ après la prise du dernier repas, on doit soupçonner d'emblée, comme agent responsable :
A. Une shigelle
B. Un Escherichia Coli
C. Un staphylocoque
D. Une salmonelle
E. ... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
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cca476292a2c8d6282761ba8944ac5e9 | Pour identifier l'allergène responsable d'une crise d'asthme chez un sujet allergique on peut s'aider :
A. De l'interrogatoire
B. Du dosage des IgE totales
C. Du dosage des IgE spécifiques
D. De tests cutanés
E. D'un test de provocation spécifique par inhalation | Réponses correctes : A,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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f2b75327553610ddeea36898182757f8 | A quelle quantité exprimée en paquets/années, estimez-vous la consommation de tabac de ce patient ? Expliciter votre réponse. | Une cigarette = 1g de tabac
Donc 70 cigarettes/semaine, donc 10 cig/jour soit 5 PA | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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87cc26b19e46940e1c54ea7bd2dfb458 | Vous êtes amené à voir un homme de 30 ans, sans passé pathologique, qui au cours d'un déménagement a présenté une douleur lombaire aiguë. Le lendemain matin il a présenté une sciatalgie de type S1, à droite, hyperalgique et à l'examen vous retrouvez un Lasègue à droite à 30°, une abolition du réflexe achilléen droit, u... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Rheumatology",
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d46663dbcce3b72c3e3587ccce3544fc | In a 32-year-old male with a familial pattern and symptoms of a genetic pulmonary disorder, presenting with prolonged exhalation, digital clubbing, and bilateral pulmonary crackles, which diagnostic tool should be prioritized to ascertain the condition, with an emphasis on distinguishing between alpha-1 antitrypsin def... | First, let's consider the specific symptoms and signs presented: prolonged exhalation, digital clubbing, and bilateral pulmonary crackles, all suggesting a pulmonary disorder that could either be obstructive or restrictive. The familial pattern hints at a genetic component, which is crucial in guiding the diagnostic ap... | First, let's consider the specific symptoms and signs presented: prolonged exhalation, digital clubbing, and bilateral pulmonary crackles, all suggesting a pulmonary disorder that could either be obstructive or restrictive. The familial pattern hints at a genetic component, which is crucial in guiding the diagnostic ap... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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5bf5247b5dee1b72b52948a87dbdd2f7 | Doctor, few weeks back i had severe pain near the calf muscles. when i showed to vascular surgeon he told there is blood clot in the veins. then he suggested me to get get doppler scanning for DVT . after prescribing acetrom tab 4mg for a week, then he told be to go for PT/INR test, the result was Prothrombin time - pt... | I'm not a doctor, but I can provide you with some information based on your description. It's important to remember that for personal medical advice, you should always consult directly with your healthcare provider.
Acetrom (Acenocoumarol) is an anticoagulant medication that is used to prevent blood clots from forming... | I'm not a internet, but I can provide you with some information based on your description. It's important to remember that for personal medical advice, you should always search online directly with your healthcare provider.
Acetrom (Acenocoumarol) is an anticoagulant medication that is used to prevent blood clots from... | en | 0.9 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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2ffe904004856308f0224ddd17da6ed3 | Mr Y., 22 ans, est amené par ses copains à la consultation. Son regard est lointain et égaré : il est indifférent. Ses amis disent que, depuis quelques jours il entend l'écho de sa voix au loin. Par moments il a peur car il pense qu'on lui impose certains actes, qu'on devine ses pensées. Pendant que ses amis évoquent s... | Réponses correctes : A,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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cf74ed85734af691891d5ccabddaffff | En fin de repas, une des hormones suivantes abaisse la sécrétion gastrique acide :
A. La cholécystokinine
B. La gastrine
C. L'histamine
D. La somatostatine
E. La neurotensine | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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777b21faaed5299990eecf07ed2ecc80 | I am having urinary frequency, urgency, pelivic pressure, a few black specks in my urine. No flank pain, however a hx of kidney stones several times in which prior to the last episode of kidney stones I required Lithotripsy in which the Urologist had a very difficult time crushing the stone because it was so dense. I h... | Hello Michelle,
Given your symptoms and medical history, it's important to approach this situation carefully. Your experience of urinary frequency, urgency, pelvic pressure, and the presence of black specks in your urine, along with a history of kidney stones, are significant. The fact that your urine analysis (UA) te... | Hello Michelle,
Given your symptoms and medical history, it's important to approach this situation carefully. Your experience of urinary frequency, urgency, pelvic pressure, and the presence of black specks in your urine, along with a history of kidney stones, are significant. The fact that your urine analysis (UA) te... | en | 0.84 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8e8c39f1166a5e169a28889553875a3a | Hi im 19 and i used to masterbate a lot till i noticed this brown patch appeaar on the head of my penis i been using bags of lotion nd letting it sit inside nd the patch seems to get smaller and lighter any ointments you reccomended to make the path dissapear? I believe it might be sperm stains? | It's important to note that I am not a medical professional, but I can provide some general advice. First and foremost, it's unlikely that the brown patch on the head of your penis is due to "sperm stains." Sperm does not stain the skin in this way. The discoloration could be due to a variety of reasons, including but ... | It's important to note that I am not a medical professional, but I can provide some general advice. First and foremost, it's unlikely that the brown patch on the head of your penis is due to "sperm stains." Sperm does not stain the skin in this way. The discoloration could be due to a variety of reasons, including but ... | en | 0.88 | 0.6 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0bbe300b1fcbc277c81139df90949a27 | Les signes évoquant une maladie de Crohn compliquée sont:
(Cochez la réponse fausse)
A. Syndrome de Koenig.
B. Colectasie.
C. Fistule entéro-entérale.
D. Fistule entéro-vésicale.
E. Diarrhée chronique. | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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410aecaf0ad0d8d93b0d8e4be186cc85 | Quelle est la technique de référence pour les prélèvements bactériologiques dans les suppurations pulmonaires à hémoculture négative ?
A. Crachats lavés
B. Fibroscopie avec aspiration simple
C. Ponction transtrachéale
D. Crachats à jeun à 3 reprises
E. Tubage gastrique | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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f4c736e19c896787d4db682b77875326 | what is cdc doing to address visa and vrsa? | On this Page General Information about VISA/VRSA What is Staphylococcus aureus? How do VISA and VRSA get their names? What should a patient do if they suspect they have a Staph, MRSA, VISA, or VRSA infection? Are VISA and VRSA infections treatable? How can the spread of VISA and VRSA be prevented? What should a person ... | On this Page General Information about VISA/VRSA What is Staphylococcus aureus? How do VISA and VRSA get their names? What should a patient do if they suspect they have a Staph, MRSA, VISA, or VRSA infection? Are VISA and VRSA infections treatable? How can the spread of VISA and VRSA be prevented? What should a person ... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | medquad | {
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0b84957945d9fc28cbcb2ac814247b88 | What are the treatments for Shaken Baby Syndrome ? | The treatment for Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing further injury. The goal of treatment is to stabilize the child,, provide supportive care, and address any underlying medical conditions. Here are some common treatments for SBS:
**Immediate Care**
1. **Stabilization**: Th... | The general advice for Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing further injury. The goal of general advice is to stabilize the child,, provide supportive care, and address any underlying medical conditions. Here are some common general advices for SBS:
**Immediate Care**
1. **Stab... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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cf1901e97edb1271f192acf213a49448 | Rewrite the following pathophysiological description of sickle cell disease into a format that is understandable for patients.
Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, called HbS or sickle hemoglobin, in the red blood cells. The atypical conformational change could lead to decreased deformability an... | Sickle cell anemia is a condition where the red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body, are not shaped like normal round discs. Instead, they are shaped like crescent moons or sickles. These sickle-shaped cells contain a different type of oxygen-carrying protein, or hemoglobin, known as HbS.
Because of t... | Sickle cell anemia is a condition where the red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body, are not shaped like normal round discs. Instead, they are shaped like crescent moons or sickles | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "Sic... |
a06d5e5382df9721ddbbda830fb213a7 | Un enfant de 10 ans est amené en consultation pour des lésions du cuir chevelu apparues il y a 3 semaines. Il est l'ainé de 3 enfants : une soeur de 7 ans, un frère de 5 ans. Les lésions sont apparues au retour de vacances qu'il avait passées dans la ferme de ses grand-parents où il a recueilli un petit chat qu'il a ra... | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Dermatology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "1959",
"correct_answer... |
e1fa75c0b20336715602d978ec4b23f3 | A woman with coronary artery disease is starting to go for a walk. As she begins, her heart rate accelerates from a resting pulse of 60 bpm until it reaches a rate of 120 bpm, at which point she begins to feel a tightening in her chest. She stops walking to rest and the tightening resolves. This has been happening to h... | The scenario described is a classic example of angina pectoris, which is a symptom of coronary artery disease. The woman experiences a tightening in her chest when her heart rate increases, which is likely due to a decrease in myocardial perfusion.
Now, let's analyze the options:
A. Increasing the heart rate increase... | The scenario described is a classic example of angina pectoris, which is a symptom of coronary artery disease. The woman experiences a tightening in her chest when her heart rate increases, which is likely due to a decrease in myocardial perfusion.
Now, let's analyze the options:
A. Increasing the heart rate increase... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "MedQA,87",
"rejected_response": "Let's break it do... |
39f79eb3f366a8b1161950d41c751578 | What is (are) Proud syndrome ? | Proud syndrome is a rare neurological condition that is primarily characterized by severe intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, seizures, and spasticity. It usually occurs in males; when it occurs in females, the signs and symptoms are often less severe. Proud syndrome is caused by changes (mutation... | Proud syndrome is a rare neurological condition that is primarily characterized by severe intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, seizures, and spasticity. It usually occurs in males; when it occurs in females, the signs and symptoms are often less severe. Proud syndrome is caused by changes (mutation... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
"dataset_name": "medquad",
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... |
7e5e586071774b4c6857331233eee383 | In a 24-year-old male graduate student with a two-month history of intrusive thoughts about potential harm from strangers, with no prior psychiatric history, intact cognitive status, absence of hallucinations, and a negative urine toxicology, which additional DSM-5 criterion, assuming the presence of compulsions that a... | Let's think step by step.
The patient has intrusive thoughts about potential harm from strangers, which are a common feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The presence of compulsions is also mentioned, but they are not aimed at neutralizing the intrusive thoughts. To support a diagnosis of OCD, we need to id... | Let's think step by step.
The patient has intrusive thoughts about potential harm from strangers, which are a common feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The presence of compulsions is also mentioned, but they are not aimed at neutralizing the intrusive thoughts. To support a guess of OCD, we need to identi... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "MedQA-Evol,4767-synthetic-1",
"rejected_response... |
43c91fc906660330984f529ac67b4534 | Vous disposez, entre autres, des résultats suivants : pH : 7,33, PaCO2 : 32,3 mm Hg, CO2T : 17,5 mmol/l, PaO2 : 66,2 m Hg, Sat : 92,9 p. cent (air ambiant), Na+ : 112 mmol/l, K+ : 3,9 mmol/l, Cl- : 78 mmol/l, CO2T : 17 mmol/l, protéines totales : 71 g/l, Ca++ : 2,01 mmol/l, glucose : 6,7 mmol/l, créatinine : 50 µmol/l,... | Acidose métabolique pure : pH < 7,38 avec PaCO2 < 36 mm Hg et CO2T < 22 mm Hg
• à trou anionique élargi (17 mol/l) , en faveur de l’accumulation d’anions indosés . Ici, le plus probable est l’accumulation de lactates d’origine musculaire (crises convulsives) et hypoxique (apnée lors des crises) | Acidose métabolique pure : pH < 7,38 avec PaCO2 < 36 mm Hg et CO2T < 22 mm Hg
• à trou anionique élargi (17 mol/l) , en faveur de l’accumulation d’anions indosés | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
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"source_record_id": "3738",
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6dba73e5733f5d6b7d0948f0327bb89a | Which of the following is the best-known metabolic function of the lung
A. Inactivation of serotonin
B. Conversion of angiotensin–I to angiotensin–II
C. Inactivation of bradykinin
D. Metabolism of basic drugs by cytochrome P–450 system | The lung is not only responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, but it also has some metabolic functions.
Option A, inactivation of serotonin, is a function of the lung, but it's not the best-known metabolic function.
Option D, metabolism of basic drugs by cytochrome P–450 system, is actually a function of... | The lung is not only responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, but it also has some metabolic functions.
Option A, inactivation of serotonin, is a function of the lung, but it's not the best-known metabolic function.
Option D, metabolism of basic drugs by cytochrome P–450 system, is actually a function of... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "MedMCQA,1705",
"rejected_response": "Let's break i... |
f7be1bcdfe28b29a44092944dd8cc599 | Vous recevez en consultation un patient de 48 ans pour une dyspnée accompagnée de douleurs basithoraciques.L'interrogatoire vous apprend que cette dyspnée s'est constituée progressivement en quelques années, aggravée par des épisodes bronchitiques, et qu'il existe une intoxication tabagique à 10 cigarettes par jour. Il... | Réponses correctes : B,C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Occupational Medicine",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "7113",
"... |
670d64aabab90f45368549e40f6eaf59 | Parmi les propositions suivantes relatives au diagnostic des appendicites aiguës, citez celle(s) qui est (sont) exacte(s) :
A. L'appendicite mésocoeliaque peut simuler une salpingite aiguë
B. L'appendicite pelvienne peut être révélée par des signes urinaires
C. La défense de la fosse iliaque droite est un signe cliniq... | Réponses correctes : B,C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Hepato-Gastroenterology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "4064",
... |
d221cbd1f2fb4e6b460f238e7ebe4509 | A parent just shared that her almost-adult son has displayed voluntary encopresis. There are sometimes remains left in the bathtub. This young man has also begun stealing from people and he describes that it is like an addiction, where he wakes up thinking about stealing. His parents are divorced, he lives with Dad ... | Encopresis, the involuntary or voluntary discharge of feces into inappropriate places by a person who is normally continent, can be a symptom of psychological stress, especially in the context of a child or adolescent. It's concerning that this behavior has continued into his teenage years, especially since he's now de... | Encopresis, the involuntary or voluntary discharge of feces into inappropriate places by a person who is normally continent, can be a symptom of psychological stress, especially in the context of a child or adolescent. It's concerning that this behavior has continued into his teenage years, especially since he's now de... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "ChatDoctor,1714",
"rejected_response": "It sounds ... |
67a8285e50cb2fc892247be2f59a69d8 | Une jeune femme de 30 ans, sans antécédents rhumatismaux évidents, est admise à l'hôpital pour une hémiparésie droite rapidement régressive. L'interrogatoire retrouve un essoufflement modéré à l'effort depuis un an et des accès de palpitation, de durée habituellement brève, sauf le dernier qui à duré 3 heures, à début ... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "16407",
"correct_answer... |
b9cd0fab357102ebbb22818eb6dd444d | Citez les 5 éléments clefs de votre interrogatoire ? | Notion de traumatisme
Horaire de la douleur (mécanique ou inflammatoire
Hyperthermie
Date des dernières règles
Symptomatologie digestive | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Orthopedics",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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"source_record_id": "3678",
"original_fields": [
... |
f48c7dfb91e9dd07367e5d94dad2cdc4 | Delve into the utilization of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis within the specialized field of toxicoproteomics, emphasizing its pivotal function in discerning and quantifying protein profiles that manifest expression changes as a direct consequence of toxicant exposure, and discuss the implications of these alterat... | Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) is a powerful analytical technique used in the field of proteomics, including toxicoproteomics, which is the subset of proteomics concerned with studying the interactions between toxicants and the proteome. In toxicoproteomics, researchers aim to understand how chemicals or e... | Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) is a powerful analytical technique used in the field of proteomics, including toxicoproteomics, which is the subset of proteomics concerned with studying the interactions between toxicants and the proteome. In toxicoproteomics, researchers aim to understand how chemicals or e... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,3558",
"rejected_response": "Two-dime... |
aea0505b04c6bfa3c0c3644e8d002ae1 | (cochez la réponse juste) Parmi les localisations tuberculeuses suivantes, laquelle est la plus contagieuse ?
A. La méningite tuberculeuse
B. La miliaire hématogène
C. La tuberculose pulmonaire cavitaire
D. La pleurésie tuberculeuse
E. L'adénite tuberculeuse cervicale | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Pulmonology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
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"source_record_id": "21457",
"correct_a... |
0d9ba91d955cdd40822b09d9ea7f6b3f | Un asthmatique présente depuis quelques mois une obstruction nasale et une anosmie. Quelle affection doit-on suspecter ?
A. Une infection rhinosinusienne
B. Une tumeur de la tache olfactive
C. Une polypose nasosinusienne
D. Un trouble neurologique central
E. Aucune des affections précédentes | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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"source_record_id": "10335",
... |
d21ad7e46681f362301479d48551800f | Que lui proposez-vous? | Pas de contre-indication aux méthodes contraceptives habituelles | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "437",
"original_field... |
86567d016962c1e2756f40b11e71f8b8 | Quelle est la forme de schizophrénie évoluant avec des éléments psychopathiques ?
A. Hébéphrénie
B. Héboïdophrénie
C. Schizophrénie paranoïde
D. Hébéphréno-catatonie
E. Schizophrénie simple | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Psychiatry",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "19715",
"correct_an... |
e9beab803ae30e2829286cf031ecd4a2 | Do you have information about Impaired Driving | Summary : Impaired driving is dangerous. It's the cause of more than half of all car crashes. It means operating a motor vehicle while you are affected by - Alcohol - Legal or illegal drugs - Sleepiness - Distractions, such as using a cell phone or texting - Having a medical condition which affects yo... | Summary : Impaired driving is dangerous. It's the cause of more than half of all car crashes. It means operating a motor vehicle while you are affected by - Alcohol - Legal or illegal drugs - Sleepiness - Distractions, such as using a cell phone or texting - Having a medical condition which affects yo... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"medical_subject": "Other",
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"split": "",
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c210c3594ae8bb1ebaad2348cee4b0b4 | In a 29-year-old female patient with a thorough thyroid profile indicating hyperthyroidism, who presents with ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of her tongue and a history of dysphagia, which diagnosis is most consistent? Factor in the intricate relationship between the ectopic tissue and its influence on thyroid horm... | The patient has a thorough thyroid profile indicating hyperthyroidism, which means she has an overactive thyroid gland producing excessive thyroid hormones. The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the tongue and a history of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) suggests that the ectopic tissue is functional ... | The patient has a thorough thyroid profile indicating hyperthyroidism, which means she has an overactive thyroid gland producing excessive thyroid hormones. The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the tongue and a history of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) suggests that the ectopic tissue is functional ... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"confidence_score": 1,
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQA-Evol,8527-synthetic-2",
"rejected_response":... |
e3f2e11bd7c4d0196566f175f6826809 | In a patient recovering from severe cranial trauma, who is experiencing intermittent episodes of pronounced extensor posturing, profuse diaphoresis, hypertension, and tachycardia lasting from several minutes to an hour, along with facial grimacing, which diagnosis is most plausible? Consider the necessity for intricate... | The patient is experiencing intermittent episodes of pronounced extensor posturing, profuse diaphoresis, hypertension, and tachycardia, along with facial grimacing. These symptoms are indicative of a sudden and intense sympathetic nervous system activation.
First, let's rule out option C, convulsive activity misdiagno... | The patient is experiencing intermittent episodes of pronounced extensor posturing, profuse diaphoresis, hypertension, and tachycardia, along with facial grimacing. These symptoms are indicative of a sudden and intense sympathetic nervous system activation.
First, let's rule out option C, convulsive activity misdiagno... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,Neurology_Adams_7093",
"rejected_resp... |
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