id stringlengths 32 32 | prompt stringlengths 13 2.72k | chosen stringlengths 1 13.7k | rejected stringlengths 3 14k | language stringclasses 2
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values | metadata unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9e8a468fb8287e8b18fbf62dde94cccc | Benign prostatic hyperplasia first develops in the
A. Periurethral transition zone
B. Peripheral zone
C. Central zone
D. Anterior fibromuscular stroma | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that commonly affects older men. It involves the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can lead to urinary symptoms due to its location near the urethra. The prostate is anatomically divided into several zones, each with distinct functions and susceptibilities to var... | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that commonly affects older men. It involves the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can lead to urinary symptoms due to its location near the urethra. The prostate is anatomically divided into several zones, each with distinct functions and susceptibilities to var... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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5a11e6986fb79fe712080deb8fd420e6 | Un skieur fait une chute qui entraîne son bras droit en abduction rotation externe. La douleur est violente, il ressent un engourdissement du moignon de l'épaule; au cours du transfert au poste de secours sa main enfle et se cyanose
Quelle(s) association(s) lésionnelle(s) la (les) plus fréquente(s) allez-vous recherch... | Réponses correctes : B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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e872d24e847d3becb1bd7fb95d789e87 | A 61-year-old man with increasing fatigue, early satiety, and nausea for 5 months vomited dark granular material yesterday. Endoscopy reveals a large ulcerated mass in the gastric fundus. Biopsies are taken and microscopically the mass is composed of spindle cells that are positive for c-Kit with immunohistochemical st... | The patient's symptoms, endoscopy findings, and histological results are consistent with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), a rare type of tumor that develops in the walls of the digestive tract. GISTs are usually composed of cells that express the KIT protein, which is encoded by the c-Kit gene. Frequent mitoses... | The patient's symptoms, endoscopy findings, and histological results are consistent with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), a rare type of tumor that develops in the walls of the digestive tract. GISTs are usually composed of cells that express the KIT protein, which is encoded by the c-Kit gene. Frequent mitoses... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a112e6d86b4319453aba4682aa82498a | A quel âge opère-t-on habituellement un canal atrioventriculaire complet associé à la trisomie 21 ? | 3 mois | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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60cbd3b180bcd5e5021c9f58c4ecdde9 | What are the symptoms of Brugada syndrome 4 ? | What are the signs and symptoms of Brugada syndrome 4? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Brugada syndrome 4. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Diction... | What are the signs and symptoms of Brugada syndrome 4? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Brugada syndrome 4. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Diction... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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05b6aee83e131009f66683298167ce94 | In a 51-year-old female with type 1 diabetes, long QT syndrome, who has a small gastric ulcer near the cardia and is on medication for her comorbidities, which management strategy is contraindicated?
A. Surgical intervention if proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists are ineffective
B. Initiation of a selective sero... | Let's analyze the options:
A. Surgical intervention if proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists are ineffective: This option seems reasonable, as surgical intervention might be necessary if medication fails to manage the gastric ulcer.
B. Initiation of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for associated d... | Let's analyze the options:
A. Surgical intervention if proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists are ineffective: This option seems reasonable, as surgical intervention might be necessary if medication fails to manage the gastric ulcer.
B. Initiation of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for associated d... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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07a54c28c0b11b5260b7515641a1d339 | Un patient âgé de 72 ans, est admis aux urgences médico-chirurgicales pour altération de l'état général.
Dans ses antécédents personnels
HTA traitée depuis 10 ans, actuellement sous Captopril 50 mg et Amlodipine 5 mg/j. Lombalgies traitées par AINS. Depuis 15 jours, il rapporte des troubles digestifs avec nausées,... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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f89ed19c8675b42d3fb5a4e190cde00c | Devant un pincement discal isolé et récent, on retient comme argument(s) en faveur d'une spondylodiscite infectieuse:
A. Un flou des plateaux vertébraux adjacents
B. Une géode intra-corporéale
C. Un fuseau paravertébral
D. Une hyperfixation scintigraphique
E. Une vertèbre borgne | Réponses correctes : A,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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7764646d528da78504a3bf8c43374bd8 | Une femme de 55 ans, sans antécédent particulier, consulte pour une prise de poids de 5 kg sans majoration de son appétit. Elle se plaint de frilosité, de constipation, de gonflement des doigts, de somnolence et de perte de mémoire entravant son activité. A l'examen, faciès bouffi, peau sèche, perte des poils axillo-pu... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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93336df55937e90b743052f97375f616 | Quel est le ventricule ayant une surcharge diastolique dans une Fistule artério-veineuse pulmonaire ? | VG | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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9788552bc765b312bc6d3db2a78145ae | Design a detailed, stepwise protocol for the selective amplification and sequencing of the human mitochondrial genome. This should encompass the initial DNA library construction, specifically focusing on strategies to reduce nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments (NUMTs) contamination, and also include the use of appropria... | Selective amplification and sequencing of the human mitochondrial genome require careful planning to minimize contamination from nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments (NUMTs). Here's a detailed protocol to achieve this:
### Step 1: Sample Collection and DNA Extraction
1. Collect a blood or tissue sample from the subject.... | Selective amplification and sequencing of the human mitochondrial genome require careful planning to minimize contamination from nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments (NUMTs). Here's a detailed protocol to achieve this:
### Step 1: Sample Collection and DNA Extraction
1. Collect a blood or tissue sample from the subject.... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a8a49e1092b3ea6333888d7c0af52734 | Une femme de 42 ans a perdu 6 kg en deux mois. Son dernier fils s'est marié et s'est installé dans une autre région. Elle a consulté plusieurs généralistes et spécialistes car elle craint d'avoir un cancer : elle est généralement triste mais surtout inquiète, sur le qui-vive, observant le moindre malaise, le moindre ch... | Réponses correctes : D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Psychiatry",
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7a58bb94f42e801a0543d475671bdc1a | What is (are) Skin Cancer ? | The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow, divide, and produce more cells as needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, the process goes wrong. Cells become abnormal and form more cells in an uncontrolled way. These extra cells form a mass of tissue, called a growth or tumor. Tumors can be benig... | The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow, divide, and produce more cells as needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, the process goes wrong | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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372ee663714ac54d0a8707d07e547cbd | Un homme de 60 ans ayant subi une intervention chirurgicale sur les voies urinaires présente 24 heures après l'intervention un syndrome septicémique
Parmi les bactéries suivantes, quelle(s) est (sont) celle(s) susceptible(s) d'infecter le tractus urinaire après une manÏuvre chirurgicale?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. ... | Réponses correctes : B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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243894451ee524486eac0fcae0857e3f | In a 16-year-old phenotypic female with a blind vaginal pouch, an atretic uterus, normal ovaries, and normal external genitalia, which genetic analysis would most accurately confirm the suspected diagnosis, considering the presence of normal female secondary sexual characteristics?
A. Karyotyping to identify 45,X/46,X... | In this scenario, the patient is phenotypically female but has a blind vaginal pouch, an atretic uterus, and normal ovaries, with normal external genitalia. Given these symptoms, we need to consider a genetic cause that can explain these characteristics without affecting the development of female secondary sexual chara... | In this scenario, the patient is phenotypically female but has a blind vaginal pouch, an atretic uterus, and normal ovaries, with normal external genitalia. Given these symptoms, we need to consider a genetic cause that can explain these characteristics without affecting the development of female secondary sexual chara... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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db364c0d309c1b48ceb9a9732597fa6f | A 52-year-old woman complains of severe vomiting for the past 2 hours. She recently had a chemotherapy session for breast cancer. She denies a history of any relevant gastrointestinal diseases, including GERD. The physical exam does not demonstrate any epigastric or abdominal tenderness. The last bowel movement was yes... | The woman's severe vomiting is likely due to her recent chemotherapy session. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common side effect of cancer treatment. To treat CINV, medications that target specific neurotransmitter receptors involved in the vomiting reflex are used.
The primary neurotransmitter re... | The woman's severe vomiting is likely due to her recent chemotherapy session. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common side effect of cancer general advice. To treat CINV, medications that target specific neurotransmitter receptors involved in the vomiting reflex are used.
The primary neurotransmitt... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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6ef78918848d086aae776e6022c78a46 | Translate the given genetic research statement into simpler terms for a layman understanding.
The high-throughput sequencing data shows an increase in single nucleotide polymorphisms within the gene associated with the observed phenotype suggestive of positive selection | In simpler terms, the research findings show that there are more genetic variations (specifically, single-letter changes in the DNA code) within a particular gene that is linked to a specific observable characteristic. This increase in genetic variations suggests that this gene has been subject to "positive selection,"... | In simpler terms, the research findings show that there are more genetic variations (specifically, single-letter changes in the DNA code) within a particular gene that is linked to a specific observable characteristic | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "Sure... |
c8e77e9f473bb2fe34a75a076a61c718 | How many people are affected by nonsyndromic hearing loss ? | Between 2 and 3 per 1,000 children in the United States are born with detectable hearing loss in one or both ears. The prevalence of hearing loss increases with age; the condition affects 1 in 8 people in the United States age 12 and older, or about 30 million people. By age 85, more than half of all people experience ... | Between 2 and 3 per 1,000 children in the United States are born with detectable hearing loss in one or both ears | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
"dataset_name": "medquad",
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... |
04df100dd8539d521a66c1a8062d5baa | Who is at risk for Renal Artery Stenosis? ? | People at risk for artherosclerosis are also at risk for RAS. Risk factors for RAS caused by artherosclerosis include
- high blood cholesterol levels - high blood pressure - smoking - insulin resistance - diabetes - being overweight or obese - lack of physical activity - a diet high in fat, chol... | People at risk for artherosclerosis are also at risk for RAS | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "susceptibility",
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bdb35cda9ed72ce6c0bd30347d2f2eb6 | In a 55-year-old female with chronic asthma and no pre-test bronchodilator use, who has reduced FEV1/FVC ratio on spirometry, which pathophysiological alteration, also considering absence of acute infection, is likely worsening her expiratory airflow limitation?
A. Enhanced airway resistance due to bronchial smooth mu... | The patient described has chronic asthma, which is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airflow obstruction. The key feature of asthma is the reversible airflow limitation due to smooth muscle contraction and swelling of the airway walls.
A. Enhanced airway resistance due t... | The patient described has chronic asthma, which is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airflow obstruction. The key feature of asthma is the reversible airflow limitation due to smooth muscle contraction and swelling of the airway walls.
A. Enhanced airway resistance due t... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,InternalMed_Harrison_20125",
"rejected_... |
8c8475b5e76ce40c3c7a853b8c1c480c | Cette patiente de 42 ans consulte pour des douleurs lombaires droites irradiant à la fesse et à la face externe de la cuisse. A l'examen, on note un point douloureux paravertébral en regard de L3 et au niveau de l'épine iliaque postéro-supérieure droite. Il n'y a pas de signe de Lassègue. Le reste de l'examen est norma... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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d2351968b1bb74c5d184ac538352b76a | Indiquez qui, en matière d'accident du travail, doit déclarer l'accident à l'organisme de sécurité sociale ?
A. Le médecin traitant
B. Le médecin du travail
C. Le médecin du service de soins d'urgence
D. L'intéressé lui-même
E. L'employeur | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"medical_subject": "Occupational Medicine",
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"... |
edcc48e93b5c39bce70fdd0f2e422f98 | The treatment of choice for an 8 mm retained common bile duct (CBD) stone is
A. Laparoscopic CBD exploration
B. Percutaneous stone extraction
C. Endoscopic stone extraction
D. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy | When considering the treatment for an 8 mm retained common bile duct (CBD) stone, it's important to evaluate the most effective and least invasive options first. The common bile duct is a narrow duct, and stones larger than 6 mm are less likely to pass spontaneously. The goal is to remove the stone while minimizing the... | When considering the general advice for an 8 mm retained common bile duct (CBD) stone, it's important to evaluate the most effective and least invasive options first. The common bile duct is a narrow duct, and stones larger than 6 mm are less likely to pass spontaneously. The goal is to remove the stone while minimizin... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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63dd59c0d7f4118b954586b506488bba | Classer la cardiopathie Retour veineux pulmonaire anormal partiel dans le groupe physiologique approprié. A : shunt droite gauche B : shunt gauche-droite C : Sang mélangé. | B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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072a16bd01cb7137ddcedc413bb20f4a | In a 5-year-old female patient who has short stature, webbed neck, and a left-sided cardiac anomaly, which genetic syndrome, specifically associated with a bicuspid aortic valve, corresponds with these manifestations, considering that the karyotype reveals a sex chromosome abnormality?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Klinefelte... | The patient's features of short stature, webbed neck, and a left-sided cardiac anomaly, in conjunction with a sex chromosome abnormality, point towards a specific genetic condition. Here are the reasons why:
- Turner syndrome is a condition that affects females and results from a partial or complete loss of one of the... | The patient's features of short stature, webbed neck, and a left-sided cardiac anomaly, in conjunction with a sex chromosome abnormality, point towards a specific genetic condition. Here are the reasons why:
- Turner syndrome is a condition that affects females and results from a partial or complete loss of one of the... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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19ae103d122479f17ba91d372818e11d | In a 55-year-old female with class II heart failure, reduced ejection fraction, and contraindications to beta-blocker therapy, which nonpharmacologic intervention would be most appropriate to manage her arrhythmia risk without long-term medication?
A. High-dose calcium channel blocker regimen
B. Permanent pacemaker im... | In patients with class II heart failure and reduced ejection fraction who are at risk for arrhythmias, one of the primary concerns is the prevention of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias. Beta-blockers are often used in this setting to reduce mortality and morbidity by decreasing the heart rate and the... | In patients with class II heart failure and reduced ejection fraction who are at risk for arrhythmias, one of the primary concerns is the prevention of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias. Beta-blockers are often used in this setting to reduce mortality and morbidity by decreasing the heart rate and the... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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e659f895d51da2b56ab1f2ad8bd0e301 | Une atteinte d'un ou plusieurs des éléments anatomiques suivants peut être responsable d'une surdité de perception :
A. La membrane tympanique
B. La cochlée
C. La chaîne ossiculaire
D. Le nerf auditif
E. Les noyaux cochléaires du tronc cérébral | Réponses correctes : A,B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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81a997f9c8cee3ec37fab172f5de5fcb | What is (are) atelosteogenesis type 1 ? | Atelosteogenesis type 1 is a disorder that affects the development of bones throughout the body. Affected individuals are born with inward- and upward-turning feet (clubfeet) and dislocations of the hips, knees, and elbows. Bones in the spine, rib cage, pelvis, and limbs may be underdeveloped or in some cases absent. A... | Atelosteogenesis type 1 is a disorder that affects the development of bones throughout the body. Affected individuals are born with inward- and upward-turning feet (clubfeet) and dislocations of the hips, knees, and elbows. Bones in the spine, rib cage, pelvis, and limbs may be underdeveloped or in some cases absent. A... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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c8f6ab00dbc8208fc5c18f79c35bef2f | Un homme de 30 ans est découvert dans un coma de stade 1. Les circonstances et les antécédents ne sont pas connus : il présente les traces d'un traumatisme cranio-facial. Il y a une raideur de nuque, le liquide cephalorachidien est hémorragique. Il reprend conscience quelques heures plus tard en se plaignant de fortes ... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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414f9be4d273fb1281f8ba8b4ceb9017 | Le diagnostic d'eczéma professionnel allergique se fonde entre autres sur :
1 - La connaissance des conditions de travail du malade
2 - La localisation des lésions eczémateuses
3 - Les résultats des tests épicutanés
4 - La récidive en cas de nouvelle exposition au risque
A. 1+2+3
B. 1+3
C. 2+4
D. 4
E. 1+2+3+4 | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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7dd2fc8a12aacf030830a0fc9bcc84a4 | Monsieur R. 80 ans, sans antécédent particulier, est hospitalisé en dermatologie pour une éruption bulleuse évoluant depuis trois semaines. L'examen cutané montre de nombreuses bulles (30 environ), diffuses, prédominant à la racine des membres et sur le tronc. Ces bulles sont assez volumineuses (plus de 1 cm de diamètr... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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4ab71416f95ef6add9a6943d5b49fb9b | L'adénome villeux colorectal présente un ou plusieurs des caractères suivants avec une plus grande fréquence que l'adénome tubuleux :
A. Disposition en nappe
B. Taille inférieure à 1 centimètre
C. Topographie distale
D. Hypersécrétion de mucus
E. Transformation carcinomateuse | Réponses correctes : A,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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d451466aa316aee364badfda55ac1e17 | Examine the function of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins as a cellular adaptive response to dietary heavy metal exposure, detailing how these modifications influence protein activity and the consequent modifications in intracellular signaling cascades, with a particular focus on the mechanistic pathw... | Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play a crucial role in the cellular adaptive response to dietary heavy metal exposure. PTMs refer to the covalent modification of proteins after their synthesis, which can alter their activity, localization, and interactions. In the context of heavy metal exposure, PT... | Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play a crucial role in the cellular adaptive response to dietary heavy metal exposure. PTMs refer to the covalent modification of proteins after their synthesis, which can alter their activity, localization, and interactions. In the context of heavy metal exposure, PT... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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83a983ab942546a57d52de72a9d92773 | Chez un malade qui est mis sous un traitement par Lithium on doit pratiquer régulièrement :
A. Dosage de T3 - T4
B. Dosage du calcium sanguin
C. Créatininémie
D. Dosage du Cortisol
E. E. C. G. | Réponses correctes : A,C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"medical_subject": "Psychiatry",
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9925be30fee53a45c7821da3a29654d4 | A 65-year-old woman presents with progressive gait difficulty, neck pain, and bladder incontinence. She also complains of urinary urgency. Past medical history is significant for uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with a previous hemoglobin A1c of 10.8%. Physical examination reveals slightly increased muscle tone in all li... | The patient's presentation of progressive gait difficulty, neck pain, bladder incontinence, and urinary urgency, along with the findings on the physical examination and MRI, suggest a diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). NPH is characterized by a classic triad of symptoms: gait disturbance, urinary inconti... | The patient's presentation of progressive gait difficulty, neck pain, bladder incontinence, and urinary urgency, along with the findings on the physical examination and MRI, suggest a guess of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). NPH is characterized by a classic triad of symptoms: gait disturbance, urinary incontinenc... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c07f037eafa1b22e16eb79abba19b80a | How many people are affected by 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development ? | Approximately 1 in 20,000 individuals with a male appearance have 46,XX testicular disorder. | Limited information available. | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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aa9943fe1333a435f78bad5a9b3ce596 | A 19-year-old African female refugee has been granted asylum in Stockholm, Sweden and has been living there for the past month. She arrived in Sweden with her 2-month-old infant, whom she exclusively breast feeds. Which of the following deficiencies is the infant most likely to develop?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B1
C. V... | The infant is exclusively breastfed, which means the mother's milk is the only source of nutrition. In general, breast milk provides adequate amounts of most vitamins and nutrients for infants. However, there are some exceptions.
In this case, the mother is a refugee who recently arrived in Sweden, which is a country ... | The infant is exclusively breastfed, which means the mother's milk is the only source of nutrition. In general, breast milk provides adequate amounts of most vitamins and nutrients for infants. However, there are some exceptions.
In this case, the mother is a refugee who recently arrived in Sweden, which is a country ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ceab636f960ab3143c90d89363a2a57e | hi, I was sliding yestoday and broke my right foot s ankle, I went to the ER and they relocated the bone and told me to follow up with a orthopedic doctor. But this morning I found out that on the same left upper part has a enormous purple bruise and increase of mass, but it doesn t hurt if I don t move or not touch it... | I'm sorry to hear about your injury. It's not uncommon to experience bruising and swelling after a significant injury like a broken ankle. When a bone breaks, blood vessels can also be damaged, leading to bleeding under the skin, which can cause a bruise (hematoma) to form. Swelling can also occur as a result of the bo... | I'm sorry to hear about your injury. It's not uncommon to experience bruising and swelling after a significant injury like a broken ankle. When a bone breaks, blood vessels can also be damaged, leading to bleeding under the skin, which can cause a bruise (hematoma) to form. Swelling can also occur as a result of the bo... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3d36662ba8103f59e46dfb0125a61c8d | Quel signe capital permet le diagnostic d'une dyspnée laryngée aiguë de l'enfant bien compensée ?
A. Dyspnée aux deux temps
B. Cornage
C. Tirage inspiratoire
D. Cyanose
E. Polypnée | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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a07d859458425bc3557bd161132e159d | A 24-year-old woman presents with polyuria, xerostomia, and polydipsia persisting for 2 months. After water deprivation, her serum osmolality increases to 280 mOsmol/kg and her urine osmolality to 650 mOsmol/kg. Her serum sodium is 147 mEq/L, and she reports a family history of similar symptoms. What is the most approp... | The woman's symptoms of polyuria, xerostomia (dry mouth), and polydipsia (excessive thirst) suggest a disorder of water balance. The fact that her serum osmolality increases after water deprivation, along with her urine osmolality, indicates that her kidneys are able to concentrate urine in response to water deprivatio... | The woman's symptoms of polyuria, xerostomia (dry mouth), and polydipsia (excessive thirst) suggest a disorder of water balance. The fact that her serum osmolality increases after water deprivation, along with her urine osmolality, indicates that her kidneys are able to concentrate urine in response to water deprivatio... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8eaa4fd3eeac4da2d750188484e07299 | Quelle est la complication la plus probable d’une amibiase intestinale à Entamoeba histolytica ? Y-a-t-il chez ce patient des élléments cliniques et/ou biologiques qui peuvent la faire évoquer ? | Amibiase hépatique, Non, car il n'y a ni fièvre, ni symptomatologie hépatique. Par ailleurs, il n'y a pas d'hyperleucocytose et la valeur relative des polynucléaires neutrophiles est normale. | Amibiase hépatique, Non, car il n'y a ni fièvre, ni symptomatologie hépatique | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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17192f83cf8886cd51ba02d244baf351 | My daughter is 2.3months and she weigh 8.3kg and even height is less. She is look very tiny and lean but wen I consult pediatrician he sways She is normal. But I am worried please suggest me any syrup or nutrition chart to increase her weight and height | It's understandable to be concerned about your daughter's growth, especially if she seems smaller than her peers. However, the most important thing is to ensure that she is growing and developing at her own pace. Each child is unique, and growth patterns can vary. Pediatricians typically use growth charts that plot hei... | It's understandable to be concerned about your daughter's growth, especially if she seems smaller than her peers. However, the most important thing is to ensure that she is growing and developing at her own pace. Each child is unique, and growth patterns can vary. Pediatricians typically use growth charts that plot hei... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1e647b089c41a902cd9ccc216467c6e8 | In the context of obstetrics, which of the following interventions is NOT directly recommended for the prevention of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) due to acute blood loss, while simultaneously ensuring the avoidance of iatrogenic fluid overload and considering the necessity for maintaining hemodynamic stability?
A. Cautio... | Let's break down the options:
A. Cautious volume replacement with isotonic crystalloid solutions in instances of severe hemorrhage: This is a recommended intervention to prevent AKI due to acute blood loss. It helps maintain hemodynamic stability while avoiding iatrogenic fluid overload.
B. Diligent surveillance for ... | Let's break down the options:
A. Cautious volume replacement with isotonic crystalloid solutions in instances of severe hemorrhage: This is a recommended intervention to prevent AKI due to acute blood loss. It helps maintain hemodynamic stability while avoiding iatrogenic fluid overload.
B. Diligent surveillance for ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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712e0615738c2d5ec2acad6c2f314a99 | In a 58-year-old male smoker with symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue, and observed diffuse bilateral infiltrates on a chest radiograph, arterial blood gas analysis reveals pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, PaO2 60 mm Hg, and HCO3- 24 mEq/L. Assuming no evidence of infection, which of the following findings would further substantiate ... | First, let's examine the patient's condition and the diagnostic options provided:
- **Digital clubbing (Option A)** is a classic sign of chronic hypoxia and often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), especially when observed alongside symptoms of chronic respiratory issues such as dyspnea. It signifies lon... | First, let's examine the patient's condition and the diagnostic options provided:
- **Digital clubbing (Option A)** is a classic sign of chronic hypoxia and often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), especially when observed alongside symptoms of chronic respiratory issues such as dyspnea. It signifies lon... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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93c8362a96a6dbf6956a866b84163a73 | La consommation d'une eau de boisson souillée par pollution microbiologique fécale peut entraîner des épidémies de :
A. Hépatite A
B. Taenias
C. Poliomyélite
D. Botulisme
E. Leptospirose | Réponses correctes : A,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Microbiology",
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1b9f628d38a4c2d20e296097f8621411 | Delve into the implications of utilizing nutrigenetic profiling to customize nutritional guidance based on individual genomic markers in athletes, with the objective of not only enhancing their performance but also accelerating their post-exertion recuperation, and discuss the potential impact on the modulation of exer... | Nutrigenetics is the study of how individual genetic variation affects a person's response to nutrients and impacts the risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases. In the context of athletes, nutrigenetic profiling can potentially be used to customize nutritional guidance to optimize performance, improve recovery times... | Nutrigenetics is the study of how individual genetic variation affects a person's response to nutrients and impacts the risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases. In the context of athletes, nutrigenetic profiling can potentially be used to customize nutritional guidance to optimize performance, improve recovery times... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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82c41ea36fd31c7f9ec4cc00a4e27856 | L'espérance de vie à la naissance (France - 1984) est égale à 79,2 ans pour le sexe féminin. Cela signifie que :
A. Les filles nées en 1984 vivront en moyenne 79,2 ans
B. Les femmes vivantes en 1984 vivront en moyenne 79,2 ans
C. Une cohorte de femmes soumises aux conditions de mortalité de 1984 vivrait en moyenne jus... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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8b9248f5365c9c345df0a51b405043f8 | Im 35 weeks pregnant was in clinic Monday and was told I have ketones in my urine but the rest of the week I have feeling weak tired very sick and have slight sweeling in my hands and feet and loose bowel movements but am eating very little as I also have no appetite should I be worried ? | Ketones in your urine during pregnancy can sometimes occur if your body is not getting enough carbohydrates to meet its energy needs and starts breaking down fat for energy instead. This can happen due to inadequate food intake, prolonged fasting, or excessive vomiting. Your symptoms of feeling weak, tired, very sick, ... | Ketones in your urine during pregnancy can sometimes occur if your body is not getting enough carbohydrates to meet its energy needs and starts breaking down fat for energy instead. This can happen due to inadequate food intake, prolonged fasting, or excessive vomiting. Your symptoms of feeling weak, tired, very sick, ... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c3de3b1a2e8b2a4523950f00f975f4c2 | Quel est le mode de transmission mendélien de cette affection ? | autosomique récessif | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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f5e6665ff4cf4731ba50070f7f956256 | What are the genetic changes related to thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome ? | Mutations in the SLC19A2 gene cause thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called thiamine transporter 1, which transports thiamine into cells. Thiamine is found in many different foods and is important for numerous body functions. Most mutations in the ... | Mutations in the SLC19A2 gene cause thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called thiamine transporter 1, which transports thiamine into cells. Thiamine is found in many different foods and is important for numerous body functions. Most mutations in the ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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ba5757d632660056f4af401745a8cc19 | Un jeune homme de 21 ans a eu un accident de vélomoteur il y a 4 mois. Celui-ci a entrainé une fracture des os propres du nez et une abrasion cutanée de toute la face antérieure de la cuisse droite. Il a subi une réduction chirurgicale qui laisse subsister une déviation de la cloison nasale et une greffe cutanée. Chaqu... | Réponses correctes : A,B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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88244406fd46a22549225c6911588583 | Delve into the rationale for embedding a fail-safe mechanism within the Therapeutic Compound Inactivation (TCI) schema, with the stipulation that this safeguard is capable of not only mitigating but also completely reversing the drug's pharmacodynamic effects in response to predefined, aberrant physiological conditions... | The embedding of a fail-safe mechanism within the Therapeutic Compound Inactivation (TCI) schema is a critical aspect of advanced drug delivery systems, especially for treatments that are potent or could potentially cause harm if not properly regulated. The rationale for such a safeguard is multifaceted and involves co... | The embedding of a fail-safe mechanism within the Therapeutic Compound Inactivation (TCI) schema is a critical aspect of advanced drug delivery systems, especially for general advices that are potent or could potentially cause harm if not properly regulated. The rationale for such a safeguard is multifaceted and involv... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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f53357baec904d652a0ba67b5e566db1 | Un homme de 30 ans fait très souvent des angines. A la suite d'une nouvelle infection amygdalienne, il a pris pendant quatre jours un comprimé par jour d'Oracilline® dosé à 1 million d'unités., puis s'est arrêté en raison de la persistance de la dysphagie.Actuellement, il a 38°, son faciès est vultueux et sa dysphagie ... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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3b721d42fbfdc78709dd16a6d52f845e | A 54-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after an episode of loss of consciousness that lasted 3 minutes. Since awakening, he has had weakness of the left arm and leg, and his speech has been slurred. He has had a fever for 10 days. He has not had vomiting or headache. He was treated for bacteria... | The patient presents with a history of fever for 10 days, loss of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits including slurred speech, weakness of the left arm and leg, and left facial droop. He also has petechiae on his trunk, painless macules on his palms, a new systolic murmur, and retinal hemorrhages with white... | The patient presents with a history of fever for 10 days, loss of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits including slurred speech, weakness of the left arm and leg, and left facial droop. He also has petechiae on his trunk, painless macules on his palms, a new systolic murmur, and retinal hemorrhages with white... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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b6ba5118b7d08bfa093fc83f6e4b673a | Indiquez parmi les signes suivants observés chez un patient atteint d'ischémie aiguë d'un membre inférieur, celui qui témoigne de l'irréversibilité des lésions :
A. Cyanose des téguments
B. Oedème déclive
C. Vacuité du réseau veineux superficiel
D. Tuméfaction dure des muscles du mollet
E. Refroidissement de la totali... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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7464a92eaf1a141d86c5cecbc2e54da4 | Monsieur C..., 65 ans, vous est adressé en urgence pour douleur thoracique aiguë brutale, irradiant dans le dos et migrante lombaire en quelques heures. L'auscultation retrouve un assourdissement des bruits du coeur et un souffle diastolique 3/6 au foyer aortique. La palpation des pouls périphériques ne retrouve pas le... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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784361d75ad2fad23204418e78485b75 | I am 55, female, no kids (by choice), was recently diagnosed at the ER w/severe diverticulitis, and the abdominal stabbing pains led to an MRI which also showed an exploding absess (hence, the stabbing pain) and a polyp (smaller than a grape, but bigger than a pea). 5 days in the hospital and my bloodwork finally came ... | I'm so sorry to hear you're going through this! It sounds like a very challenging and uncomfortable experience.
The Vaseline-type discharge you're describing is not uncommon in cases of diverticulitis, especially with an abscess present. Here are a few possible explanations:
1. **Mucus production**: The colon produce... | I'm so sorry to hear you're going through this! It sounds like a very challenging and uncomfortable experience.
The Vaseline-type discharge you're describing is not uncommon in cases of diverticulitis, especially with an abscess present. Here are a few possible explanations:
1. **Mucus production**: The colon produce... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0259c53b1c776be486820f0f01df7f5c | My three-month-old grandson has an enlarged ventricle of the brain. He cries hysterically and looks of if getting panic attacks. The only time he is not crying is when he is asleep. What signs and symptoms should I look for? Does an enlarged ventricle of the brain pose a threat to his health? If so, what sort of treame... | I'm so sorry to hear that your grandson is going through this. An enlarged ventricle in the brain can be a concerning diagnosis, and it's essential to monitor his condition closely. Here are some signs and symptoms you should look out for, potential health risks, and possible treatment options:
**Signs and Symptoms:**... | I'm so sorry to hear that your grandson is going through this. An enlarged ventricle in the brain can be a concerning guess, and it's essential to monitor his condition closely. Here are some signs and symptoms you should look out for, potential health risks, and possible general advice options:
**Signs and Symptoms:*... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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174ec39076347326d50eedb7f6594a5a | Parmi les malformations suivantes, indiquez celle(s) qui peu(ven)t être du(es) à une infection de l'embryon par le toxoplasme :
A. Persistance du canal artériel
B. Hydrocéphalie
C. Microphtalmie
D. Calcifications intra-crâniennes
E. Chorio-rétinite | Réponses correctes : B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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74aa7537c5a28adf823a08ada9a1fb44 | Given the patient's symptoms and treatment responsiveness, determine possible underlying cause(s) of the current ailment.
The patient is a 66-year-old woman with persistent cough, shortness of breath, and generalized fatigue. Her labs show elevated levels of CA-125—an indicator for ovarian cancer—but her CT scan shows... | When evaluating a 66-year-old woman presenting with persistent cough, shortness of breath, and generalized fatigue, alongside elevated CA-125 levels, the scenario suggests a complex interplay of symptoms and diagnostic results. CA-125 is indeed a marker commonly associated with ovarian cancer, but its elevation can als... | When evaluating a 66-year-old woman presenting with persistent cough, shortness of breath, and generalized fatigue, alongside elevated CA-125 levels, the scenario suggests a complex interplay of symptoms and diagnostic results. CA-125 is indeed a marker commonly associated with ovarian cancer, but its elevation can als... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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55a23996ea0a2e6ab0a8abbfc306eaf7 | Donnez le nom d'un syndrome pouvant être associé à un canal atrioventriculaire. | Trisomie 21, Ellis Van Creveld | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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24df9e5b6923a1cf178e013e7283b66f | Hi, I jaded my gallbladder removed 3 weeks ago, I had stones and it was also quite infected. However, Im still having a lot of pain in the exact same spot and cant even breathe properly because it hurts too much when I take deep breaths. The pain goes into my right shoulder blade and is quite sharp. I have A Vascular N... | I'm sorry to hear that you're experiencing such discomfort and pain after your gallbladder surgery. It's important to address these symptoms promptly, especially if the pain is severe and not relieved by your current medication.
The symptoms you're describing, particularly the sharp pain that radiates to your right sh... | I'm sorry to hear that you're experiencing such discomfort and pain after your gallbladder surgery. It's important to address these symptoms promptly, especially if the pain is severe and not relieved by your current medication.
The symptoms you're describing, particularly the sharp pain that radiates to your right sh... | en | 0.9 | 0.6 | ultramedical_preference | {
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84946dab74e572dc462ae90a28b027a5 | Le cancer de la base de langue est :
A. En général un adénocarcinome
B. Révèlé par une dysphagie
C. Lymphophile
D. Accompagné d'une élévation des anticorps anti EBV
E. Fréquent chez le travailleur du bois | Réponses correctes : B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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5b46450a6a8aac304fb19581ecda1360 | Une rétention aiguë d'urine peut résulter :
A. D'une rupture de l'urèthre membraneux
B. D'une rupture de vessie
C. D'une fracture de la colonne vertébrale
D. D'une prostatite aiguë
E. D'une tumeur du trigone vésical | Réponses correctes : A,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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9834a8a5072b11b00c31beb61239a28d | Quel est le stade du parasite infestant peur l’homme et quel est le mode de contamination ? | - Furcocercaire
- Pénétration transcutanée à la faveur d’une baignade en eau douce. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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4c2245e87eaa7bd0dded265e7dd7ff49 | Donnez le nom d'un syndrome pouvant être associé à une coarctation de l’aorte. | Turner | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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bea95fb263020a020042095c57131ad8 | In a 45-year-old woman presenting with recurrent, unilateral paroxysmal pain localized behind her left eye, accompanied by lacrimation and nasal congestion in episodic clusters lasting weeks, and each episode enduring 1-2 hours without significant medical history or abnormalities on neurological examination and brain i... | The patient is presenting with recurrent, unilateral pain localized behind her left eye, accompanied by lacrimation and nasal congestion. These symptoms occur in episodic clusters lasting weeks, with each episode enduring 1-2 hours. The patient also has a partial therapeutic response to sumatriptan but does not experie... | The patient is presenting with recurrent, unilateral pain localized behind her left eye, accompanied by lacrimation and nasal congestion. These symptoms occur in episodic clusters lasting weeks, with each episode enduring 1-2 hours. The patient also has a partial therapeutic response to sumatriptan but does not experie... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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af464bad3d1cd63f59d0d17f293cca71 | Context: To construct phage display library of anti-chymopapain scFv.
Context: V(H) and V(L) gene repertoires were amplified from splenocyte mRNA by RT-PCR and joined by a (Gly(4)ser)3 linker to obtain scFv genes. The scFv genes were then cloned into phagemid pFAB5C to construct phage display library. Affinity selectio... | Let's break down the context into steps:
1. V(H) and V(L) gene repertoires were amplified from splenocyte mRNA by RT-PCR and joined by a linker to obtain scFv genes.
2. The scFv genes were cloned into phagemid pFAB5C to construct phage display library.
3. Affinity selection and ELISA were used to identify specific pha... | Let's break down the context into steps:
1. V(H) and V(L) gene repertoires were amplified from splenocyte mRNA by RT-PCR and joined by a linker to obtain scFv genes.
2. The scFv genes were cloned into phagemid pFAB5C to construct phage display library.
3 | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0397261ac4570ae9c8a7a08383792691 | (cochez la réponse juste) Le taux de prévalence d'une maladie est estimé à partir :
A. Du pourcentage de malades sortant avec ce diagnostic
B. D’une étude de malades non hospitalisés fréquentant une clinique générale
C. Du ratio cas sur témoins dans une étude cas témoins
D. D'une étude transversale
E. Du nombre de nou... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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454d4be0732fd364aecd8ca5691b8ee5 | Une acidocétose diabétique peut être responsable de :
A. Un syndrome abdominal pseudo-chirurgical
B. Un choc hypovolémique
C. Une déshydratation globale
D. Une hypothermie
E. Aucune des propositions ci-dessus | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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ead01020ab3015365a085b920c6a8c67 | A 56 year old lady comes to medicine OPD with chief complains of headache, dizziness and generalized itching paicularly after taking hot shower. She also complained of intense burning in hands and feet as shown. She repos that taking aspirin relieves her of this issue. Physical examination: splenomegaly with raised BP.... | The clinical presentation described is suggestive of a myeloproliferative disorder, particularly polycythemia vera (PV). The patient's symptoms such as headache, dizziness, itching after a hot shower, and erythromelalgia (burning sensation in hands and feet) are common in PV. The presence of splenomegaly, elevated hemo... | The clinical presentation described is suggestive of a myeloproliferative disorder, particularly polycythemia vera (PV). The patient's symptoms such as headache, dizziness, itching after a hot shower, and erythromelalgia (burning sensation in hands and feet) are common in PV. The presence of splenomegaly, elevated hemo... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ac2dc77dbe3245a4c904e244f3704223 | The caries reduction benefits of water fluoridation to primary teeth and permanent teeth respectively -
A. 10-30%, 30-50%
B. 40-50%, 50-60%,
C. 10-20%, 20-40%
D. 50-70%, 60-80% | Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Fluoride's benefits for dental health are well documented. It works by strengthening tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth.
The effectiveness of water ... | Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Fluoride's benefits for dental health are well documented. It works by strengthening tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth.
The effectiveness of water ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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9881dbd697cb39436b50a8260290c1bc | Une femme de 25 ans, consulte pour une asthénie associée à des douleurs articulaires des doigts la gênant beaucoup le matin au réveil. Elle signale aussi l'apparition depuis 3 mois de troubles circulatoires des mains.
Dans ses antécédents 2 pertes foetales (1er trimestre de la grossesse). L'examen clinique révéle u... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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de7b0baa03038fd76d392f8ec297a9c4 | (cochez la réponse juste) Les examens biologiques à demander en première intention dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde sont :
1. Vitesse de sédimentation globulaire
2. Formule de numération sanguine
3. Typage HLA
4. Sérologie rhumatoïde
5. C réactive protéine
A. 1+2+3
B. 3+4+5
C. 1+2+5
D. 1+4+5
E. 2+3+4 | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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3065353be19fad96a41505c06ee42cd8 | Good Evening Doctors! . Mild multilevel cerivcal discogenic/degerative changes, superimposed on congenital cervical spinal canal narrowing. 2. At C3-4 there is a 1mm central disk protrusion, with mild central canal stenosis. Mild facet arthropathy is present. 3. At C6-7 there is a broad disk/osteophyte with mild to mod... | Good evening! Let's break down your MRI results to understand what they mean for your cervical spine health.
1. **Mild multilevel cervical discogenic/degenerative changes, superimposed on congenital cervical spinal canal narrowing**: This means you have mild age-related wear and tear on the discs between your neck ver... | Good evening! Let's break down your MRI results to understand what they mean for your cervical spine health.
1. **Mild multilevel cervical discogenic/degenerative changes, superimposed on congenital cervical spinal canal narrowing**: This means you have mild age-related wear and tear on the discs between your neck ver... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ed0f6f52bbb1315ba800777fd0136ce3 | Elucidate potential biomarkers for a designated pathological condition through the examination of divergent protein expression configurations obtained from comparative proteomic profiling endeavors, with the imperative of incorporating the status of post-translational modifications and ensuring that the identified biom... | To elucidate potential biomarkers for a pathological condition through comparative proteomic profiling, a multi-step process that involves sample collection, protein extraction, proteomic analysis, data processing, statistical analysis, validation, and consideration of post-translational modifications (PTMs) is require... | To elucidate potential biomarkers for a pathological condition through comparative proteomic profiling, a multi-step process that involves sample collection, protein extraction, proteomic analysis, data processing, statistical analysis, validation, and consideration of post-translational modifications (PTMs) is require... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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f826348040f67b17bc6a73f8986498ea | Quels examens complémentaires sont indispensables pour confirmer ce diagnostic ? Quels résultats peut-on en attendre ? | Le myélogramme confirme l'hyperplasie granuleuse et le respect de l'équilibre général de la lignée (moins de 20 % des formes très jeunes : myéloblastes et promyélocytes). Le caryotype médullaire révèle une translocation du chromosome 22 sur le chromosome 9, appelé chromosome « Philadelphie ». Si cette anomalie n'est pa... | Le myélogramme confirme l'hyperplasie granuleuse et le respect de l'équilibre général de la lignée (moins de 20 % des formes très jeunes : myéloblastes et promyélocytes) | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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dd8e82c1faa2ac6540372e4136d4f7a2 | Cytogenetics for synovial cell sarcoma
A. t (9,22)
B. t (11,14)
C. t (8,14)
D. t (x,18) | Synovial sarcoma is a type of cancer that appears in the cells around joints and tendons. It's quite unique in its genetic characteristics compared to other cancers. The genetic hallmark of synovial sarcoma is a specific chromosomal translocation. This translocation involves the swapping of genetic material between chr... | Synovial sarcoma is a type of cancer that appears in the cells around joints and tendons. It's quite unique in its genetic characteristics compared to other cancers. The genetic hallmark of synovial sarcoma is a specific chromosomal translocation. This translocation involves the swapping of genetic material between chr... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8cf540df70bb202dbd257e33f113b87c | Parmi les examens biologiques suivants, quel(s) est (sont) celui(ceux) qui permet(tent) l'identification de Candida albicans ?
A. Isolement sur milieu de Sabouraud glucosé
B. Test de filamentation en sérum
C. Inoculation à la souris
D. Test à l'encre de Chine
E. Formation de chlamydospores en 24 à 48 heures sur milieu... | Réponses correctes : B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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08ea46988d17134ae808dd31c5ce9bd4 | Un jeune homme en parfaite santé (20 ans, 60 kg), a été plâtré pour entorse grave de la cheville. Six jours après, il présente des signes d'embolie pulmonaire sans collapsus cardiovasculaire que l'on rattache à une phlébite fémoropoplitée passée inaperçue. Avant d'entreprendre l'héparinothérapie qui s'impose, vous dema... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"correct_an... |
bec2681333aedc6e51c668a4d8c99ef7 | Lorsque vous traitez un patient par un aminoside pour une endocardite, le ou lesquels de ces examens vous paraissent indiqués de façon régulière et répétée, pour surveiller le traitement :
1 - Audiogramme
2 - Fonction rénale
3 - Dosages sériques de l'antibiotique
4 - Transaminases
A. 1+2+3
B. 1+3
C. 2+4
D. 4
E. 1+2+3+... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
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"split": "",
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"correct_ans... |
903b9785ec25d7eaf1ce4034440e0386 | A quel mode de transmission sont préférentiellement associées les notions génétiques de pénétrance incomplète et d’expressivité variable ? | Les notions génétiques de pénétrance incomplète et d'expressivité variable sont associées aux transmissions mitochondriales. Au moment de la conception, l'ensemble des mitochondries du zygote proviennent de la mère. On parle d'hérédité cytoplasmique. Les mutations de l'ADN maternel sont en général hétéroplasmiques, c'e... | Les notions génétiques de pénétrance incomplète et d'expressivité variable sont associées aux transmissions mitochondriales. Au moment de la conception, l'ensemble des mitochondries du zygote proviennent de la mère | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
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"medical_subject": "Genetics",
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"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "191",
"original_fields": [
... |
bc6570141ccef164eec6021c4d771226 | Parmi les parasites qui peuvent être mis en évidence par l'étude du frottis sanguin, vous retenez:
A. Dicrocelium lanceolatum
B. Trypanosoma gambiense
C. Necator americanus
D. Sarcoptes scabiei
E. Plasmodium malariae | Réponses correctes : B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Parasitology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "18947",
"correct_... |
9af475f0410561d021396d7921abda18 | Pseudohemoptysis is caused by:
A. Histoplasma capsulatum
B. Serratia marcescens
C. Proteus
D. Klebsiella | Pseudohemoptysis is a condition where the sputum or mucus appears to be blood-stained, but it's not actually due to bleeding in the lungs.
Now, let's look at the options.
Option B, Serratia marcescens, is a bacterium that produces a red pigment called prodigiosin. This pigment can give the appearance of blood in th... | Pseudohemoptysis is a condition where the sputum or mucus appears to be blood-stained, but it's not actually due to bleeding in the lungs.
Now, let's look at the options | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedMCQA,1681",
"rejected_response": "Let's break d... |
ccad3a30870962c90b99739b9ee33b3a | Les modifications des virus grippaux à l'origine des pandémies :
A. Correspondent à des cassures antigéniques
B. Concernent l'hémagglutinine et parfois la neuraminidase de l'enveloppe virale
C. Concernent seulement les virus grippaux A
D. Correspondent à des mutations ponctuelles sur l'ARN viral
E. Surviennent tous le... | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Immunology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "3608",
"correct_ans... |
39b8e3382a552f55c0e0f51da6038989 | Devant un exanthème congestif, maculeux, généralisé, chez une femme enceinte de 2 mois, quelle(s) circonstance(s) vous dispense(nt) de pratiquer l'examen sérologique permettant le diagnostic de rubéole ?
A. L'absence d'adénopathies palpables
B. Des antécédents d'éruption d'aspect rubéoliforme typique
C. La présence d'... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Gynecology and Obstetrics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "18871"... |
ba849dca77d8a9098bdd40898f03f8fd | Vous dépistez chez une femme de 65 ans, en bon état général sans autre maladie associée, un carcinome de l'endomètre, strictement limité au corps utérin
Le traitement sera :
A. Chimiothérapie pré-opératoire + hystérectomie
B. Radiothérapie + chimiothérapie
C. Hystérectomie avec annexectomie
D. Hystérectomie + chimiot... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Gynecology and Obstetrics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "753",
... |
1d86fa6bc2a3bc599a60b25fbbeec8eb | In an adolescent patient with a new diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, weighing 50 kg, and exhibiting sensitivity to intravenous insulin, what would be the correct initial total daily dose of subcutaneous insulin to prescribe? Assume normal thyroid function and no renal impairment.
A. 15 to 20 U/24 hours
B. 40 to ... | In the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the initial total daily dose (TDD) of insulin is often based on the patient's weight. The typical starting dose can range from 0.5 to 1.0 units/kg/day for total daily insulin, depending on factors such as age, weight, insulin sensitivity, and the presence of residual insuli... | In the general advice of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the initial total daily dose (TDD) of insulin is often based on the patient's weight. The typical starting dose can range from 0.5 to 1.0 units/kg/day for total daily insulin, depending on factors such as age, weight, insulin sensitivity, and the presence of residual i... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
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"confidence_score": 0.8,
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,Pediatrics_Nelson_3546",
"rejected_re... |
bbda1737d0090ef41c285f2a0e9d48fa | Mr. A. B. âgé de 68 ans, ancien émigré, retraité, consulte pour asthénie, ictère et oedème des membres inférieurs.
Les antécédents nous révèlent un éthylisme quantifié à 30 g/j pendant 15 ans, actuellement en sevrage, et une hypertension artérielle traitée par amlodipine
à 5 mg.
L'examen clinique retrouve un poids à... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hepato-Gastroenterology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "24343",
"c... |
ab334e7ebb7f36b347f6a69803f00980 | Parmi les substances chimiques suivantes, quelle est celle susceptible de provoquer une leucémie ?
A. Plomb
B. Benzène
C. Arsenic
D. Chlorure de vinyle
E. Toluène | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "7086",
"correct_ans... |
4aa0b1d36c582eae6f7a65c0103b475b | Quelle est la complication neurologique la plus fréquente dans les luxations rétro-lunaires du carpe ?
A. Paralysie du nerf médian
B. Paralysie du nerf cubital
C. Paralysie isolée du rameau thénarien du nerf médian
D. Paralysie isolée de la branche motrice du nerf cubital
E. Aucune des propositions précédentes | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Orthopedics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "5868",
"correct_an... |
791003ebdc5ed999a11aa6fdc6d95d90 | L'emploi d'un bêta-bloquant est contre indiqué électivement en cas de :
A. Insuffisance rénale
B. Insuffisance cardiaque non compensée
C. Insuffisance hépatique
D. Bloc auriculoventriculaire du 3ème degré non appareillé
E. Syndrome de Raynaud | Réponses correctes : B,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "1191",
"correct_ans... |
48849ff0d7c36a752a92d687cd25224d | Which of the following results in bitemporal hemianopia?
A. Craniopharyngioma
B. Optic nerve glioma
C. Posterior cerebral aery occlusion
D. AION | Bitemporal hemianopia is a condition where there is loss of vision in the outer (temporal) half of both the right and left visual field. This condition is typically associated with a lesion that affects the optic chiasm, where the optic nerves from each eye meet and cross near the base of the brain.
A. Craniopharyngio... | Bitemporal hemianopia is a condition where there is loss of vision in the outer (temporal) half of both the right and left visual field. This condition is typically associated with a lesion that affects the optic chiasm, where the optic nerves from each eye meet and cross near the base of the brain.
A. Craniopharyngio... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedMCQA,14762",
"rejected_response": "Let's analyz... |
06336ac2807cfe547939c78fd7592870 | Taking into account the complex dynamics of immunosenescence and its consequential effects on the adaptive immune system's functionality, theorize how this aging-related decline might specifically alter the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying autoimmune conditions in geriatric populations. Additionally, analyze th... | Immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of the immune system as part of the natural aging process. This phenomenon affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, reduced vaccine efficacy, and a potential increase in the incidence of autoim... | Immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of the immune system as part of the natural aging process. This phenomenon affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, reduced vaccine efficacy, and a potential increase in the incidence of autoim... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.8,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,22059",
"rejected_response": "Immun... |
4cfac67a0b4dd662e784d4beb1d6b67a | A 53-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of fatigue for the last several months. She reports feeling tired all day, regardless of her quality or quantity of sleep. On further questioning, she has also noted constipation and a 4.5 kg (10 lb) weight gain. She denies shortness of breath, chest... | The patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, constipation, weight gain, a slow pulse (58/min), low blood pressure (104/68 mm Hg), and dry skin. These symptoms are suggestive of hypothyroidism, which is often caused by an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland, known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This condition leads to... | The patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, constipation, weight gain, a slow pulse (58/min), low blood pressure (104/68 mm Hg), and dry skin. These symptoms are suggestive of hypothyroidism, which is often caused by an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland, known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This condition leads to... | en | 0.86 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQA,3959",
"rejected_response": "Let's think ste... |
ea14f038dee0e6d0ce40248701cf9c41 | Explore the intricacies of the immunomodulatory effects exerted by oral immunotherapy on the immune system's response, focusing on the physiological and molecular changes underpinning desensitization in individuals with food allergies, and detail the significance of the incremental dose escalation strategy in this cont... | Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment approach for food allergies, which involves the gradual introduction of small amounts of the allergenic food to the patient's diet, with the goal of inducing desensitization and tolerance. The immunomodulatory effects of OIT on the immune system's response are complex a... | Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising general advice approach for food allergies, which involves the gradual introduction of small amounts of the allergenic food to the patient's diet, with the goal of inducing desensitization and tolerance. The immunomodulatory effects of OIT on the immune system's response are comp... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,5806",
"rejected_response": "Oral imm... |
249dae5e7e0394004f369e51a21d79e4 | In a 4700-g male neonate with cyanosis, a continuous murmur, a single S2, echocardiographic evidence of transposition of the great arteries, and a confirmed patent ductus arteriosus, which initial intervention is indicated to improve oxygenation while ensuring ductal patency?
A. Administer an intravenous bolus of isot... | Let's break down the question and think step by step.
The patient is a 4700-g male neonate with cyanosis, a continuous murmur, a single S2, and echocardiographic evidence of transposition of the great arteries. This means that the patient has a congenital heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed.... | Let's break down the question and think step by step.
The patient is a 4700-g male neonate with cyanosis, a continuous murmur, a single S2, and echocardiographic evidence of transposition of the great arteries. This means that the patient has a congenital heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed.... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.8,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQA-Evol,1394-synthetic-2",
"rejected_response... |
f2200aaeb76fd2c741ebd0089fee1d60 | Delve into the concept of a 'minimal genome,' delineating the precise genomic elements deemed essential for cellular viability, and elaborate on its critical function in refining host organisms employed as foundational templates in synthetic biology, including a discussion on the implications for metabolic pathway engi... | The concept of a "minimal genome" refers to the smallest set of genes required for a cell to survive and replicate in a controlled environment. This idea is central to synthetic biology, as it enables the design and construction of simplified, highly efficient, and easily manipulable host organisms. These minimal genom... | The concept of a "minimal genome" refers to the smallest set of genes required for a cell to survive and replicate in a controlled environment. This idea is central to synthetic biology, as it enables the design and construction of simplified, highly efficient, and easily manipulable host organisms. These minimal genom... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.8,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,3348",
"rejected_response": "The co... |
494245e1ae451fca18cb665822812e5a | Un homme de 35 ans est hospitalisé à la suite d'une crise partielle complexe secondairement généralisée. L'interrogatoire apprend qu'il a présenté déjà depuis 2 ans une dizaine de crises partielles complexes. Il n'existe aucun antécédent
Sur le plan sémiologique, une crise partielle complexe peut comporter le ou les é... | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Neurology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "20690",
"correct_ans... |
cb75b07342e0cee8cc417218e57df985 | Quelles sont les Bactéries les plus probablement en cause dans cette infection ? En donner les principales caractéristiques. | Les streptocoques (Streptococcus et Enterococcus) sont les plus fréquemment responsables d'endocardites. Les caractères de ces germes sont les suivants: chaînettes de cocci à Gram positif, catalase négative, aéro-anaérobie facultatifs, (anaérobies préférentiels) pouvant nécessiter des milieux enrichis au sang pour leur... | Les streptocoques (Streptococcus et Enterococcus) sont les plus fréquemment responsables d'endocardites | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pharmacy",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "2512",
"original_fields": [
... |
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