id stringlengths 32 32 | prompt stringlengths 13 2.72k | chosen stringlengths 1 13.7k | rejected stringlengths 3 14k | language stringclasses 2
values | clinical_quality_score float64 0.8 0.94 | safety_score float64 0.4 0.9 | source stringclasses 5
values | metadata unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8c2fcc7fda58472f6ffa5278f308947e | La prescription de 105 mg de fer per os par jour dans une anémie par saignement chronique peut entraîner :
A. Des selles noires
B. Des urines sombres
C. Une diarrhée
D. Des nausées
E. Une gastrite hémorragique | Réponses correctes : A,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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048dbcde979e93a2b3e49459abed3133 | Que comporte le bilan à faire avant la mise sous lithium ?
A. Bilan rénal, créatininémie
B. Bilan thyroïdien, dosage T3 - T4
C. Un ECG
D. Dosage gaz du sang
E. Transaminases | Réponses correctes : A,B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Psychiatry",
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d863e9d210254941a1868290efe2d84d | Construct a detailed validation strategy for novel biomarkers with an emphasis on ascertaining their discriminative power, particularly their specificity and sensitivity, for the precocious identification of pulmonary carcinoma in a subpopulation characterized by an increased genetic susceptibility. | To construct a detailed validation strategy for novel biomarkers aimed at the precocious identification of pulmonary carcinoma in a genetically susceptible subpopulation, the following steps should be taken:
1. **Literature Review and Preliminary Data Analysis**:
- Conduct a thorough literature review to understand... | To construct a detailed validation strategy for novel biomarkers aimed at the precocious identification of pulmonary carcinoma in a genetically susceptible subpopulation, the following steps should be taken:
1. **Literature Review and Preliminary Data Analysis**:
- Conduct a thorough literature review to understand... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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07971d336369d1cf59455f450a70d56a | Une névralgie cervicobrachiale de C7 peut être responsable de :
A. Abolition du réflexe tricipital
B. Hypoesthésie du moignon de l'épaule
C. Atteinte motrice du deltoïde
D. Hypoesthésie du dos de la main et des 3ème et 4ème doigts
E. Hypoesthésie du pouce et de l'index | Réponses correctes : A,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Rheumatology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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e4b32f4bc673b57c41f46573487d784f | (cochez la réponse juste) Les réactions d'hypersensibilité de type III :
A. Sont des réactions retardées
B. Font intervenir des anticorps de type IgG et IgA
C. S'accompagnent d'une hyper-complémentémie
D. S'accompagnent d'une hyperproduction d'IgE
E. Sont en rapport avec la formation et le dépôt d'immuns complexes dan... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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39dded9620bb8269e52f22956720b061 | Investigate a theoretical model that explicates the causal relationship between disruptions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum's proteome and the onset of cardiac dysfunction. Expand on this by detailing how deviations in calcium ion equilibrium could influence the electromechanical coupling integral to cardiac muscle contr... | The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions (Ca2+) to facilitate muscle contraction and relaxation. The proteome of the SR includes a variety of proteins that are essential for its function, such as Ca2+ pumps (SERCA),... | The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions (Ca2+) to facilitate muscle contraction and relaxation. The proteome of the SR includes a variety of proteins that are essential for its function, such as Ca2+ pumps (SERCA),... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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e4dc3a7b7c631e1d860117df18ac358d | Hi,, I am 25 yr and married from 2 yrs, I have pcos, and very irregular periods, and I badly need to conceive baby, my Dr told me to take gulucophase and dupaston for 3 month, does this medicine help me to get pregnant.... And clomid from day 3 to 7 in my periods,,, only one cycle... Please tell me is this help me | I'm not a doctor, but I can provide some general information about the medications you've mentioned and their use in the context of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and fertility.
1. **Glucophage (Metformin):** This medication is often prescribed for women with PCOS to improve insulin resistance, which is a common iss... | I'm not a internet, but I can provide some general information about the medications you've mentioned and their use in the context of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and fertility.
1. **Glucophage (Metformin):** This medication is often prescribed for women with PCOS to improve insulin resistance, which is a common i... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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9dde57180522584d7dc53c2513989df8 | (cochez la réponse juste) Tous les caractères suivants permettent de poser le diagnostic de surdité professionnelle à l'exception d'un seul. Lequel ?
A. Au stade de début, le scotome est localisé aux 500 Hz
B. Atteinte le plus souvent bilatérale et symétrique
C. Surdité de perception pure
D. Présence de recrutement su... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Occupational Medicine",
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... |
542db69efc05b3e425af5a3ee65adbb1 | Un homme de 63 ans est hospitalisé pour des douleurs abdominales diffuses avec constipation, anorexie, amaigrissement progressif de 7 kg depuis neuf mois. Il n'a pas d'autres antécédent pathologique qu'une orchi-épididymite survenue dix ans auparavant et traitée durant six mois par l'isoniazide. Il s'agit par ailleurs ... | Réponses correctes : B,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Endocrinology and Metabolism",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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22a4f5149ddddcb95c3d38721ed07910 | Un homme de 64 ans consulte pour obésité. Il pèse 98 kg pour 1,70m. Il n'a aucun antécédent ni familial, ni personnel de diabète, de dyslipoprotéinémie ni de pathologie vasculaire dégénérative. Dans sa famille seul son père est gros. Lui-même a pris 25 kg depuis sa retraite, il y a 4 ans. Son alimentation habituelle se... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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fd61dfd384713a392edd1792ac176a0c | What is (are) Common variable immunodeficiency ? | Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a group of disorders in which the immune system cannot make antibodies against agents that cause infection (such as bacteria). CVID is characterized by low levels of most or all of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes. This causes affected people to get frequent infections, particu... | Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a group of disorders in which the immune system cannot make antibodies against agents that cause infection (such as bacteria). CVID is characterized by low levels of most or all of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes. This causes affected people to get frequent infections, particu... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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792dea485145b3a50b9ab6b82a090c01 | Parmi ces propositions concernant le fibrome et la grossesse, laquelle est fausse :
A. Le fibrome peut gêner le diagnostic d'une grossesse jeune
B. Si on constate qu'il existe un fibrome au 3ème trimestre d'une grossesse, il faut faire une myomectomie
C. La nécrobiose aseptique est plus fréquente
D. On observe plus so... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Gynecology and Obstetrics",
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88523d2990f2920b51a8f2459549bf61 | SIR, My baby is taking Telekast l kid from almost an year n half.the problem with him is that as i stop giving hm medicine he becomes prone to cough and cold.I stopped this medicine because DR told me.Please tell me what should i do he is in the same phase of problem.He takes Flowhale puff when | I understand your concern as a parent!
It's great that you're seeking guidance on how to manage your baby's cough and cold issues after stopping Telekast L Kid.
**Background:** Telekast L Kid is a medication containing montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, which helps to prevent asthma attacks and relieve s... | I understand your concern as a parent!
It's great that you're seeking guidance on how to manage your baby's cough and cold issues after stopping Telekast L Kid.
**Background:** Telekast L Kid is a medication containing montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, which helps to prevent asthma attacks and relieve s... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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6cea90a37d36dde1679176f90a4dcb39 | Evaluate the precision and boundaries of employing High-Throughput Screening techniques for the analysis of toxicological impacts on various environmental matrices, taking into account the probability of erroneous results, both positive and negative, and the flexibility of these methods to accommodate the intricacies o... | High-Throughput Screening (HTS) techniques are powerful tools for evaluating the toxicological impacts of various substances on environmental matrices. These methods can rapidly assess the effects of chemicals, pollutants, or potential drugs on a wide range of biological endpoints. However, when applying HTS to environ... | High-Throughput Screening (HTS) techniques are powerful tools for evaluating the toxicological impacts of various substances on environmental matrices. These methods can rapidly assess the effects of chemicals, pollutants, or potential drugs on a wide range of biological endpoints. However, when applying HTS to environ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c08683e89de96435970a55790a649afd | Monsieur B-M âgé de 36 ans, aux antécédents de constipation opiniâtre,
d’appendicectomie à l'âge de 9 ans est admis aux urgences pour un syndrome
douloureux abdominal aigu ayant débuté si y a 12 heures. Ces douleurs sont
intenses, sans paroxysmes, étendues à tout l'abdomen. Le patient vomit beaucoup
depuis 2 heures... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hepato-Gastroenterology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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e397f4c8d6e735250ca91109bf04783f | M. J., 65 ans, est hospitalisé pour une douleur thoracique gauche d'apparition brutale, avec dyspnée importante.Histoire de la maladie : il y a 3 jours, douleur thoracique gauche d'apparition brutale, avec dyspnée et angoisse. Pas de fièvre. Pas d'expectoration.Antécédents : Tabagisme : 25 paquets-année. Hypertension a... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Pulmonology",
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762b3d3abaf883d4df3f337622627a73 | In the meticulous scrutiny of clinical metabolomic datasets, ethical dilemmas transcend the foundational issues of privacy, informed consent, and safeguarding of data, to include the ramifications of patient discrimination derived from metabolic profiling. Delve into the construction of an ethical paradigm for the acqu... | Constructing an ethical paradigm for the acquisition and examination of clinical metabolomic datasets requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both the scientific and ethical implications of this research. The ethical paradigm must ensure that the privacy, consent, and data security of individuals are maintained... | Constructing an ethical paradigm for the acquisition and examination of clinical metabolomic datasets requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both the scientific and ethical implications of this research. The ethical paradigm must ensure that the privacy, consent, and data security of individuals are maintained... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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fd2cb0e7b2be6dbde3319b11ae0b738a | Un patient âgé de 40 ans se plaint depuis 6 mois d'ulcérations buccales aphtoïdes. Depuis une dizaine de jours, il présente en outre des bulles, des ulcérations postbulleuses et des croûtelles sur la région thoracique et dorsale médiane. L'état général est conservé ; il n'y a aucun antécédent particulier. Au terme du p... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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"medical_subject": "Dermatology",
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"correct_answer... |
e94a1e773cff7894eb7a5a2f36c26a42 | Un patient de 52 ans, diabétique de type 2 depuis 6 ans, mal équilibré, est admis en urgence pour infarctus du myocarde antéro-septal.
A l'entrée glycémie 1,85 g/l, glucosurie sans cétonurie, cholestérolémie 2,7 g/l, triglycérides 2,5 g/l, créatininémie 9 mg/l, protéinurie 0,6 g/l, tension artérielle 170/95 mm Hg, ... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Endocrinology and Metabolism",
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
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"source_record_id": "226... |
40fc29b2e74bd9d81455353fd69641e8 | The method most suitable for MTP in 3rd month of pregnancy is:
A. Dilatation and curettage
B. Extra amniotic ethacridine
C. Hysterectomy
D. Suction and evacuation | Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or abortion methods vary depending on the duration of pregnancy. In the first trimester, which includes the third month of pregnancy, the two most common methods are medical abortion using medications and surgical abortion.
A. Dilatation and curettage (D&C) was once a common meth... | Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or abortion methods vary depending on the duration of pregnancy. In the first trimester, which includes the third month of pregnancy, the two most common methods are medical abortion using medications and surgical abortion.
A. Dilatation and curettage (D&C) was once a common meth... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "MedMCQA,122187",
"rejected_response": "In the 3rd ... |
99ca0212101dd3306239c9b1459152b1 | Parmi les aliments suivants, quel est celui qui contient le moins de lipides (en pourcentage) ?
A. Viande de boeuf
B. Viande de mouton
C. Viande de cheval
D. Viande de porc
E. Saumon fumé | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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"medical_subject": "Biochemistry",
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bbdb40b07e6d01f4a61c9fe0ce15ad2f | Which of the following is prophylactic treatment of Rheumatic hea disease?
A. Ampicillin
B. Penicillin G
C. Benzathaine penicillin
D. Phenoxy-methyl penicillin | Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a condition that results from acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune response to a previous infection with group A streptococcus bacteria. The main goal of prophylactic treatment for RHD is to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever, thereby reducing the risk of further heart damage.
A. **... | Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a condition that results from acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune response to a previous infection with group A streptococcus bacteria. The main goal of prophylactic general advice for RHD is to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever, thereby reducing the risk of further heart damage.
... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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4eec1c0df639dd5d8fcc1e79fca12ff3 | Which of the following is not a part of fatty acid synthase Complex?
A. Ketoacyl reductase
B. Enoyl reductase
C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
D. Ketoacyl synthase | The fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex is a multi-enzyme complex that carries out the synthesis of fatty acids. It consists of several enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to produce palmitate, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid.
The FAS complex includes the following enzymes:
A. Ketoacyl reductase
B. Enoyl reduc... | The fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex is a multi-enzyme complex that carries out the synthesis of fatty acids. It consists of several enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to produce palmitate, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid.
The FAS complex includes the following enzymes:
A. Ketoacyl reductase
B. Enoyl reduc... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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7adcf9530a53f8c79fd33efee4fef5a9 | In a 45-year-old woman with acute onset shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, a right heart strain on ECG, and right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram, which specific echocardiographic finding would most strongly indicate an acute pulmonary embolism given the additional context of a normal arterial blood g... | In the context of a suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE), specific echocardiographic findings can help support the diagnosis. The clinical presentation of acute onset shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, right heart strain on ECG, and right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram is highly suggestive of PE.
... | In the context of a suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE), specific echocardiographic findings can help support the guess. The clinical presentation of acute onset shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, right heart strain on ECG, and right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram is highly suggestive of PE.
A n... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,InternalMed_Harrison_17617",
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379477c27a8f31319e912e138254894d | In a 55-year-old male with a history of effectively managed pulmonary tuberculosis 10 years ago, who now presents with progressive headache and focal seizures, a non-contrast CT scan shows a right cerebral hemisphere ring-enhancing lesion without evidence of recent hemorrhage or infarction. Given the patient's confirme... | Let's think step by step.
The patient has a history of pulmonary tuberculosis, which is a significant clue. The presentation of progressive headache and focal seizures suggests a space-occupying lesion in the brain. The non-contrast CT scan shows a ring-enhancing lesion, which is consistent with an abscess or a granul... | Let's think step by step.
The patient has a history of pulmonary tuberculosis, which is a significant clue. The presentation of progressive headache and focal seizures suggests a space-occupying lesion in the brain. The non-contrast CT scan shows a ring-enhancing lesion, which is consistent with an abscess or a granul... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,Neurology_Adams_5626",
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2b73add3ef9d1f910039ae1f805a95e9 | Parmi les éléments biologiques suivants, le(s)quel(s) est (sont) augmenté(s) physiologiquement au cours de la grossesse normale ?
A. Hématocrite
B. Fibrinogène
C. Facteur Willebrand (VIII Ag ou VIII WF)
D. Uricémie
E. Glycémie à jeun | Réponses correctes : B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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b8063e6532359979ab0d7d3f1305dc21 | Citez trois causes curable de cardiomyopathie dilatée hypokinétique. | 1-déficit en carnitine
2-alcapa
3-rythmique | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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ebc7df4b56d0f7e5f331db5d93508e2f | Quelles sont les complications possibles d’une orchi-épididymite ? | Abcès épididymaire ou testiculaire avec risque de fistule à la peau ou dans la cavité vaginale.
Évolution chronique avec symptomatologie persistante.
Ischémie testiculaire pouvant évoluer vers l’infarctus, la nécrose ou l’atrophie testiculaire.
Infertilité séquellaire. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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50017ebdfd6e658c2f88c7c924800b83 | Examine the potential effects on fetal health due to the transplacental transfer of maternal autoantibodies, taking into account the risk of triggering autoimmune disorders in the newborn. Include a comparative analysis of different classes of maternal autoantibodies, such as IgG and IgM, and their specific impacts on ... | The transplacental transfer of maternal autoantibodies can have significant effects on fetal health. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that mistakenly target and react with a person's own tissues or organs. During pregnancy, certain types of autoantibodies can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus, potent... | The transplacental transfer of maternal autoantibodies can have significant effects on fetal health. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that mistakenly target and react with a person's own tissues or organs. During pregnancy, certain types of autoantibodies can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus, potent... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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eabbc400c17c4add57a7590dac6baf95 | Comme cause de diarrhée fébrile, on trouve :
A. Choléra
B. Toxi-infection alimentaire à Salmonella typhimurium
C. Amibiase intestinale de l'adulte
D. Toxi-infection alimentaire à Staphylococcus aureus
E. Yersiniose | Réponses correctes : B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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02a2e6e6221f2867245889d651a21898 | (cochez la réponse fausse) Parmi les propositions suivantes concernant les aspergilloses :
A. Sont des agents ubiquitaires de l’environnement
B. Contaminent les sujets immunodéprimés
C. Peuvent produire des toxines impliquées dans la genèse des cancers hépatiques
D. Sont cosmopolites
E. Leur action pathogène est favor... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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8bf7c643d1c4c151120208adc26dd2d5 | my right leg got affected with hyparesthesia after I had to take a bedrest for about 6 weeks,after I had undergone a femur-neck surgery due to an accident on my room floor for a hill skid. What is the indian allopathic remedy for a cure? In fact I cant stand or walk through the right leg as I experience severe pain fo... | I'm so sorry to hear that you're experiencing hyparesthesia and severe pain in your right leg after the femur-neck surgery. Hyparesthesia is a condition characterized by abnormal sensations, such as numbness, tingling, or burning, in response to light touch or pressure.
In Indian allopathic medicine, the treatment app... | I'm so sorry to hear that you're experiencing hyparesthesia and severe pain in your right leg after the femur-neck surgery. Hyparesthesia is a condition characterized by abnormal sensations, such as numbness, tingling, or burning, in response to light touch or pressure.
In Indian allopathic medicine, the general advic... | en | 0.88 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ad82ab824bc151b4e0124267e296ef53 | What are the treatments for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency ? | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that affects the urea cycle,, which is essential for removing ammonia from the body. The treatment of CPS I deficiency aims to manage the symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the quality of life. Here are the common treatments:
1. *... | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that affects the urea cycle,, which is essential for removing ammonia from the body. The general advice of CPS I deficiency aims to manage the symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the quality of life. Here are the common general advi... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a5f5baef1959e3df7937491bcef9ca74 | Parmi ces étapes, laquelle n'est pas observée dans le processus de réparation ? (Cocher la réponse juste)
A. Régénération épithéliale
B. Angiogenèse
C. Migration et prolifération des lymphocytes
D. Synthèse de la matrice extra-membranaire
E. Coaptation | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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449072c46137822ecc815b3ac416e70c | Quel est le second temps chirurgical du programme de Norwood dans l’hypoplasie du cœur gauche ? | Dérivation cavopulmonaire partielle | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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2d674df5993f6f01ed6277a809716b68 | First line therapy in women with Adenomyosis who wants to preserve feility is
A. Combined OC pills
B. Levonorgestrel containing IUCD
C. Ulipristal acetate
D. Hysterectomy | Adenomyosis is a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the muscular walls of the uterus, which can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and sometimes infertility. In women who wish to preserve fertility, the treatment approach aims at managing symptoms while maintaining or enhancing fert... | Adenomyosis is a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the muscular walls of the uterus, which can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and sometimes infertility. In women who wish to preserve fertility, the general advice approach aims at managing symptoms while maintaining or enhancing... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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83acc80a67f0110a92ec940a455cbd3d | Quelle est la signification de ce terme ? | Il a 3 chambres admission, trabéculée et infundibulum | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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0f153da9470bf805d71e9df6fe3beea6 | Un sujet de 64 ans est adressé à la consultation pour une protéinurie de découverte récente : 2,6 g/24 h sans hématurie microscopique ni bactériurie. Il existe une hypertrophie prostatique à l'examen clinique non compliquée.Il n'y a pas de symptômes cliniques à l'interrogatoire, le sujet est obèse, sa glycémie à jeun e... | Réponses correctes : C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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2e1b4a7d159793dd94ccf2389c5c4947 | Delve into the intricacies of how chromatin architecture undergoes transformation, particularly focusing on the specific activities of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, and elucidate the cascading impact these alterations have on gene expression regulation, specifically through the nuanced modulation of DNA... | Chromatin architecture plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. It refers to the organization of chromatin—a complex of DNA and histone proteins—within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. This architecture is dynamic and undergoes transformation through various mechanisms, including the action of ATP-dep... | Chromatin architecture plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. It refers to the organization of chromatin—a complex of DNA and histone proteins—within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. This architecture is dynamic and undergoes transformation through various mechanisms, including the action of ATP-dep... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8de88d2a3b29a2c004f84bf4fdf5e385 | Quels sont les mécanismes physiopathologiques à l’origine de cette synovite ? | Le phénomène initial est une inflammation provoquée par un agent inconnu (agents bactériens, viraux...), suivie par le recrutement de lymphocytes T et B, dont des lymphocytes autoréactifs.
Dans un environnement inflammatoire, ces lymphocytes sont activables par les auto antigènes accessibles localement, se différencien... | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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8d570efac70b505e8511c3bf9a4579f6 | Quel est l'élément pronostique le plus important à considérer dans la coqueluche ?
A. Le nombre de quintes
B. L'âge de l'enfant
C. La Iymphocytose
D. Les vomissements
E. Les images radiologiques pulmonaires | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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f7ea1ba6053a5550aede40c05df97b20 | Analyser et commenter le bilan biologique. | Il existe une hyperleucocytose importante, ainsi qu’une thrombocytose. La formule leucocytaire révèle une myélémie, c’est-à-dire la présence d’éléments immatures de la lignée granuleuse allant jusqu’aux myéloblastes, eux-mêmes faiblement représentés. On retient aussi une éosinophilie et une basophilie inhabituelles.
Le... | Il existe une hyperleucocytose importante, ainsi qu’une thrombocytose | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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d41049f215cbcc955f8a7480aea16eeb | In a 60-year-old woman with a history of atrial arrhythmia, presenting with tinnitus, headache, visual disturbances, severe diarrhea, and now multifocal ventricular tachycardia, which initial management should be employed, considering potential drug-induced etiologies and the necessity to avoid exacerbating electrolyte... | In this scenario, the patient presents with symptoms that could suggest a drug-induced etiology, especially considering the severe diarrhea which can lead to significant electrolyte imbalances. Tinnitus, headache, and visual disturbances can be associated with various conditions, but in the context of cardiac arrhythmi... | In this scenario, the patient presents with symptoms that could suggest a drug-induced etiology, especially considering the severe diarrhea which can lead to significant electrolyte imbalances. Tinnitus, headache, and visual disturbances can be associated with various conditions, but in the context of cardiac arrhythmi... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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784499d35dd1f89ecdd2014158295e23 | How many people are affected by Legg-Calv-Perthes disease ? | The incidence of Legg-Calv-Perthes disease varies by population. The condition is most common in white populations, in which it affects an estimated 1 to 3 in 20,000 children under age 15. | The incidence of Legg-Calv-Perthes disease varies by population | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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546d6a4e0521d43497a245835a5a6911 | In a 40-year-old male patient with a known diagnosis of Crohn's disease, now presenting with abdominal pain, fever, bowel wall thickening observed on imaging, a complex mass in the right lower quadrant, and leukocytosis, which of the following complications is characterized by transmural inflammation and could also lea... | Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. It is characterized by transmural inflammation, which means that the inflammation can affect all layers of the bowel wall. This transmural nature of the inflammation makes Cro... | Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. It is characterized by transmural inflammation, which means that the inflammation can affect all layers of the bowel wall. This transmural nature of the inflammation makes Cro... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ca6cbae9459e767a49b0743a49afaed8 | Un trouble de la statique et de la marche majoré dans l'obscurité (et par la fermeture des yeux) est dû à :
A. Un syndrome pyramidal
B. Un syndrome cérébelleux
C. Un syndrome cordonnal postérieur
D. Une maladie de Ménière
E. Aucune de ces causes | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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cbad57d4bb935da085df8c2bfe2684b4 | Parmi les vaccinations suivantes laquelle ne doit pas être pratiquée pendant la 1ère année de la vie, parce qu'elle risque d'être inefficace ?
A. Antipoliomyélitique
B. B.C.G.
C. Antimorbilleuse
D. Anticoquelucheuse
E. Antitétanique | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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ec8d7a551cc099799f8656d49527c91d | Delve into the enhanced interpretative power achieved through the confluence of Spatial Transcriptomics and other omics disciplines, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, emphasizing the resultant nuanced insights into cellular operations within their spatial context. Illustrate this integrative omics strateg... | The integration of Spatial Transcriptomics with other omics disciplines, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has revolutionized our understanding of cellular operations within their spatial context. This confluence of omics approaches enables researchers to delve deeper into the intricate relationships betw... | The integration of Spatial Transcriptomics with other omics disciplines, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has revolutionized our understanding of cellular operations within their spatial context. This confluence of omics approaches enables researchers to delve deeper into the intricate relationships betw... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d7a891f3a7369f4381cada74fbd85a6f | In light of the UKPDS study's revelations regarding intensive glycemic control, taking into account the patient's concurrently well-regulated hypertension and the administration of metformin, which consequence is associated with a 1.2% HbA1c reduction in a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who also adheres to a st... | The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) was a large clinical study conducted to establish the impact of tight glucose control on long-term complications of type 2 diabetes. According to the results of the UKPDS, intensive blood glucose control (which would aim for a HbA1c reduction) in patients with type 2 diabetes w... | The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) was a large clinical study conducted to establish the impact of tight glucose control on long-term complications of type 2 diabetes. According to the results of the UKPDS, intensive blood glucose control (which would aim for a HbA1c reduction) in patients with type 2 diabetes w... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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dbae8b22de25113b37f4a4e710919d54 | are certain people at risk of getting vancomycin-resistant enterococci? | On this Page General Information What is vancomycin-resistant enterococci? What types of infections does vancomycin-resistant enterococci cause? Are certain people at risk of getting vancomycin-resistant enterococci? What is the treatment for vancomycin-resistant enterococci? How is vancomycin-resistant enterococci spr... | On this Page General Information What is vancomycin-resistant enterococci? What types of infections does vancomycin-resistant enterococci cause? Are certain people at risk of getting vancomycin-resistant enterococci? What is the general advice for vancomycin-resistant enterococci? How is vancomycin-resistant enterococc... | en | 0.84 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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ffeb01073874f4ab19ac92c72632cdee | Parmi les facteurs épidémiologiques suivants concernant les cancers de l'oropharynx, lesquels sont exacts ?
A. L'alcool
B. L'âge de survenue maximale se situe entre 50 et 70 ans
C. Le mauvais état bucco-dentaire
D. La femme est plus souvent atteinte que l'homme
E. L'exposition à la poussière de bois est un élément fav... | Réponses correctes : A,B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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0fdfcedaa79a9f580572bff8fb53c57e | Une jeune femme de 24 ans, consulte pour des paresthésies localisées à la région fronto-orbitaire, associées à des décharges fulgurantes, volontiers déclenchées par le contact des téguments de la région douloureuse, entrecoupées de périodes de calme complet durant lesquelles la douleur ne peut être provoquée. L'examen ... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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9328f618962dae3a712523884be9b8aa | Is Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome inherited ? | Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. All cases of this condition result from new (de novo) mutations in the gene that occur during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm... | Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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6b78caa12ac287acfbfba6b729616e1b | Parmi les propositions suivantes concernant les leucokératoses d'origine tabagique quelles sont celles qui sont exactes ?
A. Les lésions peuvent régresser après arrêt de l'intoxication tabagique
B. Les lésions peuvent être majorées par une cellulite aigue de voisinage
C. Elles sont le plus souvent douloureuses
D. Elle... | Réponses correctes : A,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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ff773fc150cbd8680718dedff4a914fd | Dans une insuffisance rénale aiguë par nécrose tubulaire :
A. Il existe une dyspnée proportionnelle à l'élévation de l'urée sanguine
B. La récupération de la fonction antérieure est la règle
C. L'hyperhydratation cellulaire peut entraîner des crises convulsives
D. Il existe une tendance hémorragique lorsque le rétenti... | Réponses correctes : B,C,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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138bd67fc36a9d1a3318e865527e1b58 | Un grand volume de distribution signifie que : (Cocher la réponse juste)
A. La concentration plasmatique du médicament est petite
B. La concentration plasmatique du médicament est grande
C. La concentration tissulaire de ce médicament est petite
D. La concentration du soluté absorbé est petite
E. La dose administrée e... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Pharmacology",
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e2b3bc067f39550d591c857eb344d4b3 | Quelle(s) est ou sont la ou les lésions pouvant être responsable(s) d'un décollement de la rétine ?
A. Dégénérescence pavimenteuse
B. Déchirure rétinienne
C. Trou rétinien
D. Désinsertion rétinienne
E. Hyperplasie de l'épithélium pigmentaire | Réponses correctes : B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Ophthalmology",
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b921159760a44b87fd10f79dc112286c | Indiquez, parmi les suivantes, la proposition exacte concernant les fractures de l'extrémité supérieure du radius de l'enfant :
A. Elles représentent la lésion la plus fréquente des traumatismes du coude de l'enfant
B. Ce sont plus souvent des fractures de la tête que des fractures du col
C. Elles s'accompagnent souve... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Orthopedics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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f96eb4d2d80f4ea04643052ccfbcb20e | Un foie cardiaque peut être secondaire à :
A. Une insuffisance cardiaque droite
B. Une stase dans les veines sus-hépatiques
C. Une thrombose massive de l'oreillette droite
D. Une hypertension portale
E. Une thrombose de la veine cave | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
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2edc4d1c965c86e50706465f62c74872 | Assess the implications for antenatal care and genetic advisement upon the discovery of a variant of unknown significance (VUS) within fetal genomic profiling, with focused attention on the potential impact on informed parental choices and the subsequent adaptation of clinical management protocols, including the consid... | The discovery of a variant of unknown significance (VUS) within fetal genomic profiling presents a unique challenge to antenatal care and genetic counseling. Here is an assessment of the potential implications:
**Informed Parental Choices:**
1. **Uncertainty**: A VUS can create significant uncertainty for expectant p... | The discovery of a variant of unknown significance (VUS) within fetal genomic profiling presents a unique challenge to antenatal care and genetic counseling. Here is an assessment of the potential implications:
**Informed Parental Choices:**
1. **Uncertainty**: A VUS can create significant uncertainty for expectant p... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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03908782c2cfa8b5bb321d6d2074b260 | Une jeune femme de 25 ans consulte pour une gêne auditive remarquée après l'accouchement de son deuxième enfant, il y a 6 mois.Elle prédomine à droite, où sont récemment apparus des bourdonnements d'oreille de timbre grave, intermittents, surtout perçus le soir. Elle n'a ni vertiges, ni troubles de l'équilibre, aucun a... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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... |
5513c822b06dccda3fbffd6e45a71e2e | Ce scanner impose une modification thérapeutique : laquelle ? | Il faut arrêter le traitement anti coagulant. | Il faut arrêter le solution anti coagulant. | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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7f424313f3d6fc60bc4a4f17c2e28b91 | Un homme de 48 ans, présente brusquement un syndrome douloureux du flanc droit, avec irradiation dans le testicule. Sa température est à 37,2°C. Un épisode identique mais moins intense a eu lieu trois ans auparavant. On ne retrouve par ailleurs aucun antécédent sur le plan personnel ou familial. Le diagnostic de coliqu... | Réponses correctes : C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Nephro-Urology",
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2b8d695c9725c455c3ea8f71ade0692d | Parmi les constituants histologiques suivants, quel est celui qui ne fait pas partie du
néphron? (Cochez la réponse juste)
A. Tube proximal.
B. Tube de Beilini.
C. Corpuscule de Malpighi.
D. Anse de Henlé.
E. Tube distal | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Histology",
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ad6230476aca667e0450d0eec24a3ed6 | What is (are) lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia ? | Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the brain. It is characterized by two main features:
1. **Lissencephaly**: This refers to a smooth brain surface, and a lack of folds or grooves (gyri) on the brain's surface. Normally, the brain has many folds th... | Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the brain. It is characterized by two main features:
1. **Lissencephaly**: This refers to a smooth brain surface, and a lack of folds or grooves (gyri) on the brain's surface. Normally, the brain has many folds th... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3df9b2fc2c9964ede11b3f09c020ade8 | Explore the mechanistic relationship between the rate of action potential firings in neurons and subsequent changes in the phosphorylation state of neuronal proteins, hypothesizing on the potential signaling pathways and molecular intermediates that regulate the neuron's phosphoproteome, while also considering the impa... | The rate of action potential firings in neurons has a profound impact on the phosphorylation state of neuronal proteins, which in turn regulates various cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and gene expression. Here, we'll explore the mechanistic relationship between action potentia... | The rate of action potential firings in neurons has a profound impact on the phosphorylation state of neuronal proteins, which in turn regulates various cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and gene expression. Here, we'll explore the mechanistic relationship between action potentia... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c5b2e3d48b84a59ff537ac62fc818787 | Le traitement d'une ulcération de l'angle de la petite courbure dont les biopsies confirment qu'il s'agit d'un adénocarcinome peut être :
A. Médical pour faire régresser les lésions sous surveillance
B. Chirurgical par vagotomie tronculaire et pyloroplastie
C. Chirurgical par gastrectomie des 2/3
D. Chirurgical par ga... | Réponses correctes : C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Hepato-Gastroenterology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"vital_signs": {},
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"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "4132",
... |
5f84cf8bdf147899bdec857db4d2d71e | What is (are) Aquagenic pruritus ? | Aquagenic pruritus is a condition in which contact with water of any temperature causes intense itching without any visible skin changes. The symptoms may begin immediately after contact with water and can last for an hour or more. The cause of aquagenic pruritus is unknown; however, familial cases have been described.... | Aquagenic pruritus is a condition in which contact with water of any temperature causes intense itching without any visible skin changes. The symptoms may begin immediately after contact with water and can last for an hour or more. The cause of aquagenic pruritus is unknown; however, familial cases have been described.... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
"dataset_name": "medquad",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "information",
"symptoms": [],
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"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "0000436-1",
"original_fields": [
"document_id",
... |
03fbf1be751a9568fe0e3b46ba07d22e | Vous avez un patient qui est porteur de sonde urinaire depuis 3 jours du fait d'une intervention chirurgicale
Le CDC (Center of Diseases Control) d'Atlanta attache la valeur la plus grande aux mesures suivantes pour prévenir l'infection urinaire chez les patients porteurs d'une sonde, sauf une, laquelle ?
A. Formatio... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Nephro-Urology",
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d92ff4a1731fe3d54e5d47dee2e07e13 | All of the following are true regarding Phrygian cap of gallbladder, except?
A. Congenital anomaly of the gallbladder
B. Can lead to cholecystitis
C. Simulate a mass on radiological imaging
D. Results from infolding of the gallbladder fundus | A Phrygian cap of the gallbladder is a congenital anomaly where the fundus of the gallbladder is folded on itself. It is named after the Phrygian cap, which was an ancient hat with a top that flopped forward.
A. This is true. The Phrygian cap is indeed a congenital anomaly of the gallbladder.
B. This statement can b... | A Phrygian cap of the gallbladder is a congenital anomaly where the fundus of the gallbladder is folded on itself. It is named after the Phrygian cap, which was an ancient hat with a top that flopped forward.
A. This is true. The Phrygian cap is indeed a congenital anomaly of the gallbladder.
B. This statement can b... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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2dad1f7fc9675f60cd9b9f2865b7828d | Proposez un programme chirurgical séquentiel une double discordance – CIV – hypertension pulmonaire en utilisant les options proposées ci-dessous.
a- Anastomose de Blalock
b- Cerclage pulmonaire
c- Elargissement de communication interauriculaire
d- Plastie de l’isthme aortique
e- Elargissement de communication in... | h
ou bien g+f+h | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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01849422871dd704fd7bc19386a09e54 | How many people are affected by nonsyndromic paraganglioma ? | It is estimated that the prevalence of pheochromocytoma is 1 in 500,000 people, and the prevalence of other paragangliomas is 1 in 1 million people. These statistics include syndromic and nonsyndromic paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma. | It is estimated that the prevalence of pheochromocytoma is 1 in 500,000 people, and the prevalence of other paragangliomas is 1 in 1 million people | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
"dataset_name": "medquad",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "frequency",
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "0000737-2",
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... |
b042ffa27f52fe74fde35cf312a0471f | A propos des crises d'épilepsie partielles à symptomatologie complexe, citez la ou les réponses justes :
A. Leur sémiologie est très polymorphe
B. Leur origine est souvent frontale ou temporale
C. L'EEG donne toujours le siège du foyer épileptogène
D. L'éthosuximide (Zarontin®) est un traitement efficace
E. Le traitem... | Réponses correctes : A,B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Neurology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"anonymized": true,
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"source_record_id": "19678",
"correct_ans... |
15dc927123e4197d1e9313c89ad0ced0 | Investigate the merits and intrinsic limitations of utilizing mass spectrometry for metaproteomic analysis, especially in the context of identifying and quantifying proteins, and compare these aspects to those of alternative proteomic techniques, while also considering the impact of matrix effects on the accuracy of ma... | Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique widely used in metaproteomics, which is the large-scale study of proteins from environmental samples containing mixed microbial communities. It provides detailed information on the identity and quantity of proteins present in complex mixtures. Below are the meri... | Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique widely used in metaproteomics, which is the large-scale study of proteins from environmental samples containing mixed microbial communities. It provides detailed information on the identity and quantity of proteins present in complex mixtures. Below are the meri... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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75b4c9670a13f6ac41548dada9df5dc0 | Parmi les propositions suivantes, laquelle(ou lesquelles) caractérise(nt) les cicatrices chéloïdes ?
A. Hypertrophie
B. Caractère fréquemment racial
C. Richesse en fibres de collagène
D. Richesse en fer
E. Richesse en tissu adipeux | Réponses correctes : A,B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Pathological Anatomy",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
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3a28e183b6ecb80c28f824efedb05cd4 | What are the symptoms of Osteodysplasia familial Anderson type ? | Osteodysplasia, familial Anderson type, also known as Anderson type metaphyseal dysplasia or Anderson disease, is a rare genetic disorder that affects bone development. This condition is characterized by abnormalities in the growth and development of the bones, particularly the metaphyses, which are the wide portions o... | Osteodysplasia, familial Anderson type, also known as Anderson type metaphyseal dysplasia or Anderson disease, is a rare genetic disorder that affects bone development. This condition is characterized by abnormalities in the growth and development of the bones, particularly the metaphyses, which are the wide portions o... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "MedQuad,12089",
"rejected_response": "Osteodyspl... |
1e6ee35bf2bfe637e2205ccf608ab204 | La définition de la bronchite chronique fait intervenir :
A. Une toux chronique
B. Des anomalies radiologiques pulmonaires
C. Une expectoration chronique
D. Des râles sibilants aux bases
E. Un tabagisme supérieur à 20 paquets/année | Réponses correctes : A,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Pulmonology",
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"source_record_id": "20182",
"correct_a... |
dd39dba5a7dbc91d1e17a10c2e1ccc0a | L'antiseptie des mains est assurée dans les meilleurs conditions par :
A. L'alcool à 90°
B. Un lavage soutenu au savon de Marseille
C. Des applications répétés d'Hexomédine®
D. Des badigeons au soluté de Dakin®
E. Une solution moussante de chlorhexidine | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Microbiology",
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a8ef0a40f4df1ec828efe64bd3d70507 | In a 50-year-old male with a history of migraines, recurrent cerebrovascular events, progressive cognitive decline, mood instability, and a family history revealing a pattern of similar symptoms, which gene mutation is consistent with the observed autosomal dominant inheritance of cerebral small vessel disease and seve... | The clinical presentation described in the question suggests a genetic condition that is affecting the cerebrovascular system, leading to cerebral small vessel disease and leukoencephalopathy. The key here is the association with Notch3 receptor pathology, which points towards a specific condition known as cerebral aut... | The clinical presentation described in the question suggests a genetic condition that is affecting the cerebrovascular system, leading to cerebral small vessel disease and leukoencephalopathy. The key here is the association with Notch3 receptor pathology, which points towards a specific condition known as cerebral aut... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_respon... |
c92374306bccb0d3d06ede748b0afc0d | Quelle information est cruciale pour savoir si vous pourrez attendre encore plusieurs mois avant de proposer une fermeture chirurgicale ? | Estimation gradient VG-VD pour savoir si la PAP systolique est élevée ou pas | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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99e490288520c81486e6b4442247f516 | Quelle est la cause de la perte de connaissance, quels sont vos arguments ? | La cause de la perte de connaissance (PDC) est une crise d’épilepsie généralisée à point de départ partiel dont les arguments sont :
- les mouvements involontaires précédant la PDC,
- les épisodes de fourmillements distaux de la main droite, depuis quelques semaines. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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... |
726480cb63e17f0456b26d253cb8866f | Vous suivez M. X... pour une épilepsie essentielle traitée par les hydantoïnes. Depuis quelques mois il ne se sent pas en forme et a constaté une baisse d'efficience professionnelle et une recrudescence de ses crises d'épilepsie. L'interrogatoire et l'examen clinique vous font évoquer une alcoolisation chronique
M. X.... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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7e5228b3744d9add0c131bde85664ffb | Une malade de 65 ans est adressée aux urgences pour un syndrome abdominal aigu. Elle n'a pas d'antécédents notables en dehors d'une crise douloureuse de la fosse iliaque gauche, sans irradiation, avec fièvre et constipation, il y a deux ans. Cette crise avait cédé en une semaine sous régime alimentaire pauvre en fibres... | Réponses correctes : C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Hepato-Gastroenterology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "4404",
"co... |
9f7a51e3fb94023e1b956cf56ad6430d | Parmi les 5 examens bactériologiques suivants, on doit prescrire impérativement devant un tableau de pneumonie franche lobaire aiguë, non traitée :
A. Prélèvement de gorge
B. Hémoculture
C. Prélèvement du liquide céphalorachidien
D. Tubage gastrique
E. Expectoration | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Pulmonology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "12474",
"correct_a... |
41619b33f0d4d52aded1decf61da0239 | Is X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 2 inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. The gene associated with this condition is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation in one of the two copies of the EBP gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Som... | This condition is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. The gene associated with this condition is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation in one of the two copies of the EBP gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
"dataset_name": "medquad",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "inheritance",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "0001048-4",
"original_fields": [
"document_id",
... |
63ad4fedccb49074a389c9625c94b4d5 | Discuss the intricate process by which the peptide-loading complex, consisting of a consortium of proteins, facilitates the augmentation of peptide affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Detail the specific protein-protein interactions and conformational alterations that occur within the complex... | The peptide-loading complex plays a crucial role in the immune response by optimizing the peptide affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This complex involves a coordinated interplay among various proteins, each contributing uniquely to ensure that only the most suitable peptides are presented t... | The peptide-loading complex plays a crucial role in the immune response by optimizing the peptide affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This complex involves a coordinated interplay among various proteins, each contributing uniquely to ensure that only the most suitable peptides are presented t... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,788",
"rejected_response": "The pepti... |
89b2df220496093e71e8d651d0ba68b6 | Investigate the exact molecular features of an antibody's architecture that are crucial for its elevated-affinity binding to particular antigenic epitopes, and describe the role of hypervariable regions in this specificity. | Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of antigens. Their primary function is to recognize and bind to specific antigenic epitopes, which are regions on the surface of antigens that can be recognized by the immune system. The elevated-affinity binding of ... | Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of antigens. Their primary function is to recognize and bind to specific antigenic epitopes, which are regions on the surface of antigens that can be recognized by the immune system. The elevated-affinity binding of ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,21542",
"rejected_response": "Antibod... |
e0979547e807bd64a2d1a956a50108fc | L'otospongiose est une maladie :
A. Plus fréquente chez la femme
B. Due à une malformation de l'enclume
C. Qui entraîne une hypoacousie de transmission
D. Avec une perforation tympanique
E. Avec réflexe stapédien normal | Réponses correctes : A,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "10386"... |
ff214cd14ff85c2ff082d5d76954ab8b | Quelle est votre prise en charge initiale ? | La patiente doit être transférée en réanimation. Le traitement symptomatique a pour but le maintien d’un état hémodynamique stable (pression artérielle, diurèse) et par là-même de prévenir une éventuelle insuffisance rénale aiguë compliquant la rhabdomyolyse (CPK augmentées). Une décontamination digestive par charbon a... | La patiente doit être transférée en réanimation. Le solution symptomatique a pour but le maintien d’un état hémodynamique stable (pression artérielle, diurèse) et par là-même de prévenir une éventuelle insuffisance rénale aiguë compliquant la rhabdomyolyse (CPK augmentées). Une décontamination digestive par charbon act... | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Intensive Care",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "2780",
"original_fields": [... |
c14a3b453f04506f6db9f257da070e78 | Madame B, 60 ans, veuve depuis peu est hospitalisée en réanimation après tentative de suicide médicamenteuse grave. Elle désire mourir pour mettre fin à ces souffrances. Elle se sent inutile encombrante. Elle confie qu'elle doit "payer". Ses propos sont les suivants
" Je ne peux pas pleurer, ce que je mange ne passe... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Psychiatry",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "23721",
"correct_an... |
ee46e0eebc3afa4d484a7d883671b124 | Monsieur X., âgé de 42 ans, sans antécédent pathologique notable, est admis pour vertige. Brutalement au réveil, encore couche, il présente un grand vertige rotatoire horaire avec manifestations végétatives marquées et est hospitalisé quelques heures plus tard. A son admission, il n'y a pas de trouble de la conscience ... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Neurology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "9125",
"correct_answers"... |
8676788d6c0658c7f95570e11e9a9c7b | Hi my 15 year daughter has been suffering with lower bak pain and tummy ache since August . She has had blood in her urine and urine tests showed protein in it. The doctor sent her for a scan which showed up a cyst but has a shadow in the middle. One off her blood test showed 77 think kidney one they retested again rec... | I'm sorry to hear about your daughter's health concerns. Lower back pain and abdominal pain, along with blood and protein in the urine, can be indicative of a variety of medical conditions, some of which may involve the kidneys or the urinary tract.
A cyst with a shadow in the middle observed on a scan can be concerni... | I'm sorry to hear about your daughter's health concerns. Lower back pain and abdominal pain, along with blood and protein in the urine, can be indicative of a variety of medical conditions, some of which may involve the kidneys or the urinary tract.
A cyst with a shadow in the middle observed on a scan can be concerni... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.8,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "ChatDoctor,2719",
"rejected_response": "I'm not ... |
57942c555e66457a85b94012b09462b7 | Investigate the complexities inherent in the integration of proteomic and genomic datasets, focusing particularly on the challenges of data compatibility and the strategies to reconcile disparities in data formats, while also considering the implications of database update synchronization on longitudinal study validity... | The integration of proteomic and genomic datasets is a crucial step in understanding the complex relationships between genes, proteins, and their functions in biological systems. However, this integration is fraught with challenges, particularly with regards to data compatibility and the reconciliation of disparities i... | The integration of proteomic and genomic datasets is a crucial step in understanding the complex relationships between genes, proteins, and their functions in biological systems. However, this integration is fraught with challenges, particularly with regards to data compatibility and the reconciliation of disparities i... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.8,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,19635",
"rejected_response": "The i... |
cbc3ad454746b4d4780d397aae45b80d | Patiente cirrhotique âgée de 50 ans sans antécédents particuliers consulte pour
ascite réfractaire associée A un ictère sans encéphalopathie hépatique
Sur le plan biologique, la bilirubinémie conjuguée est A 60 mg/l, le TP est A 40%,
l'albuminémie A 25 g/S, les transaminsses sont normales, la fonction rénale est
en... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hepato-Gastroenterology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "27747",
"c... |
943f80f734948f15803d7e8a8e12f51a | In a 32-year-old woman with a history of IUD use for contraception, who presents with acute unilateral pelvic pain, a positive pregnancy test, and a six-week amenorrhea duration, which condition must be urgently ruled out, especially considering the risk profile of her contraceptive method and the potential for hemodyn... | Certainly, let's break it down. Given the clinical presentation of a 32-year-old woman with a history of intrauterine device (IUD) use for contraception, presenting with acute unilateral pelvic pain, a positive pregnancy test, and a six-week amenorrhea duration, the condition that must be urgently ruled out is an ectop... | Certainly, let's break it down. Given the clinical presentation of a 32-year-old woman with a history of intrauterine device (IUD) use for contraception, presenting with acute unilateral pelvic pain, a positive pregnancy test, and a six-week amenorrhea duration, the condition that must be optionally ruled out is an ect... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,Gynecology_Novak_1018",
"rejected_respo... |
788cbea0eafc85b91c963ff97cd278ef | Investigate the array of immunological reactions induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy, encompassing both the desensitization mechanisms and the spectrum of potential iatrogenic effects, which may range from mild to severe anaphylaxis, including a detailed analysis of the immunoglobulin profile changes implicated ... | Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a treatment for allergic diseases that aims to induce long-term tolerance to specific allergens. It involves the repeated administration of increasing doses of the offending allergen to modulate the patient's immune response.... | Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a general advice for allergic diseases that aims to induce long-term tolerance to specific allergens. It involves the repeated administration of increasing doses of the offending allergen to modulate the patient's immune resp... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,1005",
"rejected_response": "Allergen... |
59d06a7ed8f1957c11ae04d31f355e2f | Chez un enfant de 3 ans, présentant un retard de croissance et un retard de développement intellectuel, il faut, une fois éliminée une cause métabolique, neuro-endocrinienne ou génétique, évoquer :
A. Une dysharmonie d'évolution
B. Une psychose
C. Un syndrome phobo-obsessionnel
D. Les mauvais traitements et sévices
E.... | Réponses correctes : A,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Pediatrics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "10959",
"correct_an... |
54cba20b880209c38cccc4e15ff98d95 | Quelle est la valeur estimée de la pression pulmonaire systolique dans le cas d'une sténose valvulaire pulmonaire, gradient maximal VD-AP=65mmHg, vélocité de la fuite tricuspide=4,5m/s | 15 mm Hg | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "345",
"original_f... |
e3cd36bcd7492c278075d2a469a0e9a3 | What are the treatments for Baller-Gerold syndrome ? | Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities of the bones of the skull and the forearms, as well as other physical anomalies. It is caused by mutations in the RECQL4 gene, which plays a role in DNA repair and maintenance. The syndrome is part of a group of disorders known as th... | Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities of the bones of the skull and the forearms, as well as other physical anomalies. It is caused by mutations in the RECQL4 gene, which plays a role in DNA repair and maintenance. The syndrome is part of a group of disorders known as th... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQuad,7832",
"rejected_response": "Baller-Gerold... |
1493f7e1dcdf109a87b443bba9036c0a | Parmi les propositions suivantes concernant le cancer thyroïdien, une réponse est fausse. Laquelle ?
A. Les mutations du gène BRAF sont plus souvent présentes dans le cancer papillaire de l’adulte
B. L’éxistance d'une diarrhée motrice est un argument en faveur du diagnostic de cancer a stroma amyloïde de la thyroïde
C... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Endocrinology and Metabolism",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "224... |
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