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eaea1238af0ebdc6052d234b248bb384 | Mr M, 42 ans, se présente au commissariat pour se plaindre de son voisinage. Il dit au commissaire qu'il est l'objet de surveillance et d'un complot politique. Il y a un an, il n'a pas obtenu la promotion qu'il attendait. Il pense que les propos malveillants qu'a tenus son collègue de bureau y sont pour quelque chose. ... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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8fad438cf027070f1c890aa5f39c5c6c | Evaluate the anticipated ramifications for public health administration in the event that widespread resistance to anthelmintic drugs is established, with a focus on the resulting shifts in epidemiological patterns of parasitic diseases and the amplified strain on medical systems, including the potential need for escal... | The establishment of widespread resistance to anthelmintic drugs would have significant ramifications for public health administration, leading to shifts in epidemiological patterns of parasitic diseases and amplified strain on medical systems. The consequences would be far-reaching, with potential impacts on healthcar... | The establishment of widespread resistance to anthelmintic drugs would have significant ramifications for public health administration, leading to shifts in epidemiological patterns of parasitic diseases and amplified strain on medical systems. The consequences would be far-reaching, with potential impacts on healthcar... | en | 0.88 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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376e47547d3e67d9b588eb682bb1f46c | In a 50-year-old female with chronic arthritis, a family history of coronary artery disease, and current treatment with a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which outcome is she more likely to encounter, considering the drug's cardiovascular risk profile and her genetic predisposition?
A. Diminished likelihood of developing h... | The patient in question is taking a selective COX-2 inhibitor for chronic arthritis. COX-2 inhibitors are known to have a cardiovascular risk profile that can increase the likelihood of cardiovascular events. This is because COX-2 inhibitors can lead to a prothrombotic state by potentially increasing blood pressure and... | The patient in question is taking a selective COX-2 inhibitor for chronic arthritis. COX-2 inhibitors are known to have a cardiovascular risk profile that can increase the likelihood of cardiovascular events. This is because COX-2 inhibitors can lead to a prothrombotic state by potentially increasing blood pressure and... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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fae5d103e47b2fe6df63933b00f2160f | Un patient âgé de 60 ans, est amené à la garde pour des douleurs épigastriques intenses avec vomissements, asthénie et obnubilation.
L'interrogatoire de l'entourage révèle que ce patient est traité pour un DNID depuis 10 ans par Glibenclamide et depuis peu, par diurétiques de l'anse pour HTA modérée. Les épisodes doul... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"medical_subject": "Endocrinology and Metabolism",
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a972ea0416aec221446f230099e144e7 | Le traitement initial d'une tumeur testiculaire présentant les caractères cliniques d'un cancer consiste en :
A. Chimiothérapie
B. Radiothérapie
C. Orchidectomie avec ligature du cordon spermatique
D. Curage ganglionnaire lombo-aortique systématique
E. Toutes les propositions ci-dessus | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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"medical_subject": "Nephro-Urology",
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49fa11a3534eab47bc245904bea23b69 | (cochez la réponse juste) Les gènes qui codent pour les immunoglobulines humaines :
1. Sont liés et localisés sur la 14ème paire de chromosome
2. Sont indépendants et situés sur la Sème et 7ème paire de chromosomes
3. Constituent une famille multigénique
4. Subissent des réarrangements au cours de l'ontogenèse
5. Subis... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Immunology",
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1e8e12bba76b47080088a721aaa1290e | Tous les médicaments suivants peuvent être utilisés dans le traitement d'une menace d'accouchement prématuré, sauf un. Lequel ?
A. Progestérone
B. Aspirine
C. Bêta-bloquant
D. Indométacine
E. Salbutamol. | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Gynecology and Obstetrics",
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4d02b2250cd3ca69d51f4b715a04e927 | Which of the following ducts are not associated with salivary glands
A. Whaon's duct
B. Stensen's duct
C. Ducts Of Rivinus
D. Ducts Of Santorini | The salivary glands in the human body consist of three major pairs: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Each of these glands has associated ducts through which saliva is secreted into the oral cavity.
A. Wharton's duct is the duct of the submandibular gland.
B. Stensen's duct is the duct of the parotid ... | The salivary glands in the human body consist of three major pairs: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Each of these glands has associated ducts through which saliva is secreted into the oral cavity.
A. Wharton's duct is the duct of the submandibular gland.
B | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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e7ab755d9645f6b762ee0cd320ea6173 | In a 63-year-old male with peptic ulcer disease and a tachycardic, hypotensive upper GI bleed, post-resuscitation, which intervention would best reduce high-risk ulcer stigmata and lower the need for endoscopic therapy, while also considering his ongoing low-dose aspirin use and aiming to minimize impact on mortality, ... | Given the clinical scenario of a 63-year-old male with peptic ulcer disease and a tachycardic, hypotensive upper GI bleed, it's crucial to stabilize the patient's condition and reduce the risk of rebleeding. With a low initial hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL, addressing the bleeding and preventing further blood loss is para... | Given the clinical scenario of a 63-year-old male with peptic ulcer disease and a tachycardic, hypotensive upper GI bleed, it's crucial to stabilize the patient's condition and reduce the risk of rebleeding. With a low initial hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL, addressing the bleeding and preventing further blood loss is para... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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89c0efd851e14c3a981eb0b18cf23f94 | Quelle est la cardiopathie conotroncale dans laquelle la prévalence de la délétion interstitielle du chromosome 22q11 est la plus élevée ? | Interruption de la crosse aortique | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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8bfd6f2c570a74bd8fbb548cc5230aa2 | Un jeune homme de 25 ans, victime d'un accident de la circulation est admis aux urgences avec pâleur cutanéo-muqueuse, des extrémités froides et une polypnée. La tension artérielle est à 80/50 mmHg, le pouls à 120 battements/minute avec un score de GLASGOW à 10.
A l'examen physique on retrouve des ecchymoses thoraco-a... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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"medical_subject": "Orthopedics",
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24b39cf9b5b6167d9965ce01c34f7123 | I have suffered cardia arrest last month. My one arterie was totaly blocked. stenting as done for the same.There is one more arterie which is 60% blocked. I ant to find out if stenting needs to e done for te second arterie also or it can be cured with medication. I am 40 years old. I am 62 tall and weigh 80 kgs. I am p... | I'm glad you're taking proactive steps to manage your heart health!
Firstly, congratulations on making a great recovery from the cardiac arrest and successful stenting of the totally blocked artery.
Now, regarding the second artery with 60% blockage, the decision to undergo stenting or manage it with medication depe... | I'm glad you're taking proactive steps to manage your heart health!
Firstly, congratulations on making a great recovery from the cardiac arrest and successful stenting of the totally blocked artery.
Now, regarding the second artery with 60% blockage, the decision to undergo stenting or manage it with medication depe... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3d0e5103eac72c52916ab7f2b31647e8 | A 33-year-old man comes to the physician because of decreased hearing in his right ear for the past 4 months. During this period, he has also had multiple episodes of dizziness and a constant ringing noise in his right ear. Over the past 5 weeks, he has also noticed scant amounts of right-sided ear discharge. He has a ... | This patient is presenting with a classic triad of symptoms: hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus (ringing noise) in one ear, which suggests a diagnosis of cholesteatoma, a type of chronic middle ear infection. The otoscopic examination showing a white pearly mass behind the right tympanic membrane further supports this... | This patient is presenting with a classic triad of symptoms: hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus (ringing noise) in one ear, which suggests a guess of cholesteatoma, a type of chronic middle ear infection. The otoscopic examination showing a white pearly mass behind the right tympanic membrane further supports this gue... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c68df92cc949e49190ab17c8f3f42918 | In a patient with preserved hypothalamic function undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and receiving GnRH analogs for suppression, which factor modulates the synergistic effect on follicular recruitment of endogenous LH?
A. Direct antagonism of the suppressive agents
B. Augmentation of follicular sensitivity to F... | When a patient undergoes controlled ovarian stimulation and receives GnRH analogs for suppression, the hypothalamic function is preserved, meaning the hypothalamus continues to produce GnRH, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH. The GnRH analogs, however, suppress the LH surge, allowing fo... | When a patient undergoes controlled ovarian stimulation and receives GnRH analogs for suppression, the hypothalamic function is preserved, meaning the hypothalamus continues to produce GnRH, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH. The GnRH analogs, however, suppress the LH surge, allowing fo... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d7894dee83ab1610cebc05887caa8e6d | What are the treatments for Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser syndrome: - American Urological Association Foundation: Vaginal Agenesis - Children's Hospital Boston: Center for Young Women's Health - Genetic Testing Registry: Rokitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus ... | These resources address the guess or management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser syndrome: - American Urological Association Foundation: Vaginal Agenesis - Children's Hospital Boston: Center for Young Women's Health - Genetic Testing Registry: Rokitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offe... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | medquad | {
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2c7c8805f180c805ef141ff534295cdd | A 40-year-old man with a past medical history of major depression presents to the clinic. He is interested in joining a research study on depression-related sleep disturbances. He had 2 episodes of major depression within the last 2 years, occurring once during the summer and then during the winter of the other year. H... | This patient has a history of major depression, and we're looking for a polysomnography (sleep study) finding associated with depression.
Research has shown that individuals with depression often exhibit altered sleep patterns, particularly with regard to REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. In depression, REM sleep tends ... | This patient has a history of major depression, and we're looking for a polysomnography (sleep study) finding associated with depression.
Research has shown that individuals with depression often exhibit altered sleep patterns, particularly with regard to REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. In depression, REM sleep tends ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "Let's break d... |
eb1817b144837b31505d7ce1c1a788ae | Des troubles de l'équilibre peuvent être générés par des lésions intéressant :
A. Les voies de la sensibilité profonde
B. Les hémisphères cérébelleux
C. Le vermis cérébelleux
D. L'oreille interne
E. Les voies spinothalamiques de la sensibilité | Réponses correctes : A,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Neurology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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3e4041498b3f57b01e4042ad8be5cdf0 | Monsieur A. 42 ans, 1 m 75, 70 kilos. Représentant de commerce. Père mort subitement à 47 ans. Mère en bonne santé. Lui-même a toujours été en bonne santé jusqu'à il y a 2 mois où il a ressenti pour la première fois en marchant vite le matin pour aller à son garage situé à 50 mètres de sa maison, au sommet d'une rue en... | Réponses correctes : B,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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8b2f4b854a722f410af91d62fa9ceee6 | Consider the merits and limitations of employing mitochondrial DNA for discerning phylogeographic patterns among populations, and compare its utility to that of nuclear DNA markers, including an analysis of the maternal inheritance pattern's influence on the interpretation of migratory and demographic events. | Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely used in the study of phylogeographic patterns among populations due to its unique characteristics. However, it also has limitations, especially when compared to nuclear DNA markers. Below is an analysis of the merits and limitations of mtDNA and a comparison to nuclear DNA mark... | Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely used in the study of phylogeographic patterns among populations due to its unique characteristics. However, it also has limitations, especially when compared to nuclear DNA markers. Below is an analysis of the merits and limitations of mtDNA and a comparison to nuclear DNA mark... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a8ba25849cb9cab706926eb9a8bb2f86 | Commenter les résultats du bilan biologique (valeurs données et calculées normales ou anormales) en précisant le sens des anomalies éventuelles. | Les valeurs suivantes:
- sont dans fa fourchette des valeurs usuelles: Urée, Glucose,
- est augmentée: cholestérol.
- sont diminuées: T4 totale. hématocrite, érythrocytes, hémoglobine. (VGM: 87 fL ; TCMH : 30 pg ; CCMH : 34% normaux) : anémie normocytaire, normochrome. | Les valeurs suivantes:
- sont dans fa fourchette des valeurs usuelles: Urée, Glucose,
- est augmentée: cholestérol.
- sont diminuées: T4 totale | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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61b6dabaa83cf352b7a887471bc34e3b | Les résultats de deux sérologies obligatoires pendant la grossesse ne sont pas connus. Lesquelles ? | Syphilis (lors de la déclaration), hépatite B (au 6ème mois). | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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"medical_subject": "Gynecology and Obstetrics",
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1c3a4e0acc73fb7137e947d791f9f4cd | Un nourrisson âgé de 15 mois, est hospitalisé pour détresse respiratoire.
Antécédents personnels; enfant né A terme, allaitement mixte depuis la naissance,
diversification correcte A 06 mois avec Introduction du gluten, hospitalisations pour
déshydratation sur diarrhée a S'âge de 09 mois et 13 mois avec fléchissemen... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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5c5165d2683f775bb2ed00e47837e1e8 | Lors d'une pleurésie sérofibrineuse de la grande cavité, on retrouve à l'examen clinique :
A. Une matité de la base
B. Une abolition du murmure vésiculaire
C. Un souffle amphorique
D. Une abolition des vibrations vocales
E. Une immobilité de l'hémithorax | Réponses correctes : A,B,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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95c8f1756bc0aa147564cda6efae964b | I have 25% function in my left kidney and have passed many stones, the last stone blocked the Uretha and had to be blasted. Due to the condition of my kidney they say they can not blast the stone in the kidney, it is a staghorn 35mm. I have 75% function in the right kidney. I have renal scaring in both. Based on this w... | I'm sorry to hear about your kidney issues. It's important to remember that I am not a medical professional, but I can provide you with some information that might help you discuss your situation with your healthcare provider more effectively.
For a staghorn calculus (a large kidney stone that takes the shape of the r... | I'm sorry to hear about your kidney issues. It's important to remember that I am not a medical professional, but I can provide you with some information that might help you discuss your situation with your healthcare provider more effectively.
For a staghorn calculus (a large kidney stone that takes the shape of the r... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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17776636b99b1672ba50a63add1bf455 | Quelle est la posologie de la Digoxine pour une enfant de 10 kilos. | 15 microgrammes par kilo et par jour | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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326bae32c092bbbbde23a93fccead8ba | Develop a hypothetical research protocol that applies quantitative transcriptomics, specifically RNA-seq technology, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways by which plants adapt to particular abiotic stressors, like drought or elevated salinity, including the identification of key transcription fa... | Title: Elucidating Plant Stress Response Mechanisms via RNA-seq Analysis of Abiotic Stress Adaptation
Background:
Plants are sessile organisms that must cope with a variety of abiotic stressors such as drought and salinity, which can significantly impact crop productivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and si... | Title: Elucidating Plant Stress Response Mechanisms via RNA-seq Analysis of Abiotic Stress Adaptation
Background:
Plants are sessile organisms that must cope with a variety of abiotic stressors such as drought and salinity, which can significantly impact crop productivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and si... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a2fdff5f45526238a9f6a997bb3975bd | Quelle est l'hypothèse diagnostique la plus vraisemblable? Justifier votre réponse. | Glomérulopathie aigüe post-streptococcique :
a) Arguments cliniques
L'apparition d'une angine rouge avec épisode fébrile 15 jours avant la consultation, puis des oedèmes associés à une hypertension
b) Arguments biologiques
L'augmentation des ASLO, des leucocytes et la diminution de la concentration du complément C3... | Glomérulopathie aigüe post-streptococcique :
a) Arguments cliniques
L'apparition d'une angine rouge avec épisode fébrile 15 jours avant la automédication, puis des oedèmes associés à une hypertension
b) Arguments biologiques
L'augmentation des ASLO, des leucocytes et la diminution de la concentration du complément ... | fr | 0.82 | 0.8 | mediqa | {
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45a02737d0f2da424ca395a0a5305c45 | Quel diagnostic pouvez-vous évoquer ? Quels sont les critères cliniques et biologiques caractéristiques ? | - On peut évoquer une pyélonéphrite\n Signes cliniques : fièvre et douleurs lombaires\n - Critères biologiques : leucocyturie > 10000 mL ; Bactériurie > ou = à 105 UFC/mL ;\n présence de E. coli dans l’urine et dans le sang ;\n hyperleucocytose avec augmentation des polynucléaires neutrophiles. | - On peut évoquer une pyélonéphrite\n Signes cliniques : fièvre et douleurs lombaires\n - Critères biologiques : leucocyturie > 10000 mL ; Bactériurie > ou = à 105 UFC/mL ;\n présence de E | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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77ba3d75732e7dbf7355c79027db3337 | I had a partial cholectomy and post op partial small bowel obstruction and ileus which cleared with conservative treatment last week. I have severe joint pain all over including back ls area and hands. Potassium normal level at discharge and sed rate normal. Why woukd I have such bad joint pain so severe I can hardly w... | I'm sorry to hear that you're experiencing such severe joint pain following your surgery. While I can't diagnose your condition, I can offer some potential reasons for your symptoms and suggest that you seek medical attention promptly.
1. **Post-surgical inflammation**: After surgery, the body can experience an inflam... | I'm sorry to hear that you're experiencing such severe joint pain following your surgery. While I can't diagnose your condition, I can offer some potential reasons for your symptoms and suggest that you seek wait and see promptly.
1. **Post-surgical inflammation**: After surgery, the body can experience an inflammator... | en | 0.88 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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095463b0ab4b7f177a189ec30264d4f9 | Hi Doc!My wife is 40 years old and we have 4 kids.She was diagnosed with rectum mass.It is a cauliflower shape tumor.She has been operated upon 3 times,last was early this month.In 2008 the biopsy report showed low grade dysplasia but this time it was a high grade dysplasia but non-invasive.Is there any cure for high g... | Hello Risasy,
I'm sorry to hear about your wife's diagnosis. It's important to understand that "high-grade dysplasia" and "non-invasive" suggest a significant degree of abnormal cell growth, which could potentially progress to cancer if not managed appropriately.
The term "dysplasia" refers to the presence of abnorma... | Hello Risasy,
I'm sorry to hear about your wife's guess. It's important to understand that "high-grade dysplasia" and "non-invasive" suggest a significant degree of abnormal cell growth, which could potentially progress to cancer if not managed appropriately.
The term "dysplasia" refers to the presence of abnormal ce... | en | 0.86 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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bbe72ab25fb0cba60cb5843c215af934 | Monsieur X..., 60 ans, vous à consulté pour des douleurs lombaires basses apparues progressivement depuis 3 mois, de rythme mécanique, sans irradiation dans les membres inférieurs, calmées par l'Aspirine. Les radiographies que vous avez fait effectuer ont montré un aspect anormal du corps vertébral de L4 qui apparait h... | Réponses correctes : A,B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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28d088819aa691882b81c5e598cfcae8 | Un homme de 60 ans, mesurant 1 m 70 et pesant 68 kg, souffrait depuis 10 ans d'accès de goutte. Depuis quelques mois, sont apparues des tuméfactions blanchâtres siégeant sur la pulpe des doigts. Depuis trois semaines. il est traité par 300 mg de Zyloric®. Avant la mise au traitement, l'uricémie était de 600 micromol/l(... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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97253d67657f0365bcc9c539fb74141c | The defect in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is -
A. Gp IIb-IIIa
B. Gp IIa-IIb
C. Gp IIa-IIIb
D. Gp IIIb-IIa | Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare genetic bleeding disorder characterized by the inability of platelets to aggregate properly. This condition stems from a deficiency or dysfunction in platelet glycoproteins, which are crucial for platelet clotting functions. Specifically, the defect in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is ... | Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare genetic bleeding disorder characterized by the inability of platelets to aggregate properly. This condition stems from a deficiency or dysfunction in platelet glycoproteins, which are crucial for platelet clotting functions | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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37b0c68f88fd46e1e2e41715a40015ed | Une jeune femme de 27 ans, célibataire, consulte pour une vulvite ulcéro-érosive aiguë. A l'examen on trouve une région vulvaire très inflammatoire, oedémateuse, parsemée de très nombreuses ulcérations qui débordent sur la face interne des cuisses et le périné. On note une adénopathie inguinale sensible à la palpation.... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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9c5fbec4abc933c8dc3c29c8ac2061c5 | Quel(s) est(sont) parmi ces médicaments celui(ceux) qui possède(nt) une action alpha-sympatholytique ?
A. Phentolamine (Régitine®)
B. Dihydroergotoxine (Hydergine®)
C. Adrénaline
D. Prazosine (Minipress®)
E. Scopolamine | Réponses correctes : A,B,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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ead861f9f6437dd263b73da41d0992a7 | Mme P..., mariée depuis 4 ans, sans enfant, consulte pour un ensemble de troubles apparus depuis 6 mois : amaigrissement de 8 kg, malgré un appétit conservé et nervosité excessive. On note sur le plan gynécologique que les premières règles sont apparues à l'âge de 14 ans et qu'elles ont toujours été irrégulières avec a... | Réponses correctes : B,C,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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a173d98ed1a47c9a8f2e169505edfdfe | I have wounds from Vietnam to my neck that caused a syrigomyilia. The syringomyilia has caused left side problems, my left shoulder has been fused due to Charcot joint. My elbow on the left side is almost destroyed as well as the left wrist. I feel like the teeth on the left lower jaw are affected by enlarging, Is that... | I'm so sorry to hear about the challenges you're facing due to your injuries from Vietnam. It's understandable that you're concerned about the potential impact on your dental health.
Syringomyelia is a condition where a fluid-filled cavity forms within the spinal cord, which can cause a range of symptoms including pai... | I'm so sorry to hear about the challenges you're facing due to your injuries from Vietnam. It's understandable that you're concerned about the potential impact on your dental health.
Syringomyelia is a condition where a fluid-filled cavity forms within the spinal cord, which can cause a range of symptoms including pai... | en | 0.88 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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5007e35da526490c1ccf9488bb591927 | In the context of therapeutic agents targeting bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteoporosis, which of the following precisely characterizes the mechanism of action of sclerostin antibodies, given their molecular target and subsequent effect on bone metabolism?
A. They upregulate calcium channel expression in the gas... | Sclerostin antibodies are therapeutic agents that target bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Sclerostin is a protein that is secreted by osteocytes and inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is crucial for bone formation.
A. They upregulate calcium channel expression in the gastrointestinal tract, indir... | Sclerostin antibodies are therapeutic agents that target bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Sclerostin is a protein that is secreted by osteocytes and inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is crucial for bone formation.
A. They upregulate calcium channel expression in the gastrointestinal tract, indir... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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6ea8113fe016755b468007a2965b714e | In a 32-year-old female with recurrent sinus infections, severe joint pain, and an HLA allele linked to autoimmunity, which therapeutic intervention could selectively inhibit the molecular interaction implicated in her disease etiology, given that her specific HLA molecules present pathogen-derived peptides and taking ... | Firstly, antibiotics (option A) might be used to treat acute sinus infections if they are bacterial in origin. However, they would not selectively inhibit the molecular interaction between HLA molecules and pathogen-derived peptides, nor would they address the underlying autoimmune mechanism.
Opioid analgesics (option... | Firstly, antibiotics (option A) might be used to treat acute sinus infections if they are bacterial in origin. However, they would not selectively inhibit the molecular interaction between HLA molecules and pathogen-derived peptides, nor would they address the underlying autoimmune mechanism.
Opioid analgesics (option... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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70b5bf992c6d12b2e0b790bd9358b0d1 | In a patient of symptomatic gallstone disease, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done. On histopathology, adenocarcinoma of gall bladder was diagnosed with stage T2. Next line of treatment:
A. Observation
B. Wedge excision of liver with lymphadenectomy and po site excision
C. Resection of segment IVb & V of liver with ... | Let's break down the question step by step.
The patient has been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder, specifically stage T2. This means that the cancer has invaded the muscular layer of the gallbladder wall (T2) but has not spread to any distant organs (M0).
The next line of treatment for a patient with ... | Let's break down the question step by step.
The patient has been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder, specifically stage T2. This means that the cancer has invaded the muscular layer of the gallbladder wall (T2) but has not spread to any distant organs (M0).
The next line of general advice for a patient ... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0b2a086415504d30e26cfa6a6916fce1 | Une femme de 50 ans, consulte pour une douleur de l'épaule survenant à l'effort pendant la journée, réveillant la patiente lors du décubitus latéral prolongé. Un récent bilan biologique est normal
La patiente vous apprend que quelques mois plus tôt, elle a consulté un autre rhumatologue pour des douleurs scapulaires t... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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83273892fef4ed4c6f41f8337125202a | Devant une baisse brutale unilatérale de l'acuité visuelle, sans douleur ni rougeur, vous évoquez les diagnostics suivants, sauf un. Lequel ?
A. Hémorragie du vitré
B. Occlusion de l'artère centrale de la rétine
C. Neuropathie optique ischémique antérieure aiguë
D. Occlusion de la veine centrale de la rétine
E. Iridoc... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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8b339d5ce9fe4a483652aec38491d716 | Quel est le principal avantage et le principal inconvénient du coitus interruptus ? | Le principal avantage est la gratuité et le principal inconvénient est l’efficacité très limitée. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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1f4a779cd29ab1d5be860c67d8f8a07b | A 75-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with malaise and low-grade fever after he underwent a cystoscopy for recurrent cystitis and pyelonephritis two weeks ago. His past medical history is significant for coronary artery disease and asthma. His current medications include aspirin, metoprolol, atorvasta... | The clinical presentation described here suggests a case of infective endocarditis. The patient has a fever, a new pansystolic murmur suggesting valvular involvement, and painless areas of hemorrhage on his palms and soles, which are consistent with Janeway lesions. These are all classic signs of infective endocarditis... | The clinical presentation described here suggests a case of infective endocarditis. The patient has a fever, a new pansystolic murmur suggesting valvular involvement, and painless areas of hemorrhage on his palms and soles, which are consistent with Janeway lesions. These are all classic signs of infective endocarditis... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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b7254ae6e24f56f70ba6f2f0b927231a | La pancréatite aiguë se caractérise par toutes les données suivantes, sauf une. Laquelle ?
A. Elle comporte au plan anatomique un œdème ou une nécrose hémorragique du pancréas
B. Elle est observée à un âge plus avancé que celui de la pancréatite chronique
C. Elle peut être observée chez l'alcoolique
D. Elle peut être ... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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3c8e18f9484c8bfebba6afaaaf3e79f8 | A six-month-old male child was brought to the opd with the chief complaint of fever, inability to feed and seizures since the morning. On examination, the child was found to have altered sensorium and neck rigidity. A lumbar puncture was carried out and CSF sent for examination. The cytology and biochemistry ... | The child presents with symptoms indicative of meningitis: fever, inability to feed, seizures, altered sensorium, and neck rigidity. The CSF findings suggest pyogenic meningitis, which is typically caused by bacterial infection.
The Gram-negative coccobacilli observed in the CSF are a clue to the type of bacteria caus... | The child presents with symptoms indicative of meningitis: fever, inability to feed, seizures, altered sensorium, and neck rigidity. The CSF findings suggest pyogenic meningitis, which is typically caused by bacterial infection.
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121ef8982a36f0c0d98c264fc8cdadcf | (cochez la réponse fausse) Les indications de la FIVET et de l'ICSI sont :
A. Stérilité idiopathique du couple
B. Stérilité par obturation tubaire proximale bilatérale
C. Oligo asthéno-tératospermie sévère
D. Malformation utérine
E. Stérilité d'origine ovarienne | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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2857ba126959d404c8c33fddaf944b48 | Examine the distinct functional trajectories of paralogous proteins, those homologous entities arising from intraspecific gene duplication events, by conducting a comparative analysis of their divergent gene expression patterns and evaluating the influence of post-translational modifications on their respective biologi... | To examine the distinct functional trajectories of paralogous proteins, one would need to embark on a comprehensive study involving bioinformatics, molecular biology, and biochemical techniques. Here is a step-by-step guide to conducting such an analysis:
1. **Identification of Paralogous Proteins:**
- Use genomic ... | To examine the distinct functional trajectories of paralogous proteins, one would need to embark on a comprehensive study involving bioinformatics, molecular biology, and biochemical techniques. Here is a step-by-step guide to conducting such an analysis:
1. **Identification of Paralogous Proteins:**
- Use genomic ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c883370066eb8592d26061b350562202 | In a 43-year-old male with a history of anticoagulant therapy who has sustained high-speed vehicular trauma and now presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and unilateral absent breath sounds post-intubation and fluid resuscitation, which immediate intervention is indicated to address a potential tension pneumothorax?
... | The patient is a 43-year-old male with a history of anticoagulant therapy who has sustained high-speed vehicular trauma. He presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and unilateral absent breath sounds post-intubation and fluid resuscitation. These symptoms suggest a possible tension pneumothorax, which is a life-threate... | The patient is a 43-year-old male with a history of anticoagulant therapy who has sustained high-speed vehicular trauma. He presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and unilateral absent breath sounds post-intubation and fluid resuscitation | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1e77be4e31007ce6a715ad8b481abc90 | Is septo-optic dysplasia inherited ? | Septo-optic dysplasia is usually sporadic, which means that the condition typically occurs in people with no history of the disorder in their family. Less commonly, septo-optic dysplasia has been found to run in families. Most familial cases appear to have an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, which means tha... | Septo-optic dysplasia is usually sporadic, which means that the condition typically occurs in people with no history of the disorder in their family. Less commonly, septo-optic dysplasia has been found to run in families | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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4d63631f0be4b05b519e8c82d838146e | Madame L, 37 ans, consulte pour aménorrhée depuis quatre mois. Au début, elle ne s'en était pas inquiétée car elle avait toujours
eu des cycles irréguliers. Elle est désireuse de grossesse.
Antécédents appendicectomie à sept ans, primo-infection tuberculeuse à quinze ans, traitée.
Examen clinique BMI à 28 kg/m... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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0dc3f2056147b75c40a8dbf16bfea7ca | Dans la bilharziose à la période d'état l'essentiel du pouvoir pathogène résulte de :
A. L'action mécanique des parasites adultes
B. L'action des toxines élaborées par les parasites adultes
C. La présence d'oeufs dans les tissus
D. La migration sous cutanée des formes larvaires
E. L'hématophagie des parasites adultes | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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e587bfa12d9be0ac658a635e57eb4c6f | In light of the patient's arterial blood gas revealing a disturbed acid-base equilibrium, and considering the concurrent diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis, which therapeutic measure should be given precedence to initiate the amelioration of hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities, while ensuring potassium levels rem... | Given the patient's diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the primary goal is to correct the hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities while ensuring potassium levels remain within a safe range.
In DKA, dehydration is a significant concern, and fluid replacement is essential. However, simply providing oral rehydr... | Given the patient's guess of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the primary goal is to correct the hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities while ensuring potassium levels remain within a safe range.
In DKA, dehydration is a significant concern, and fluid replacement is essential. However, simply providing oral rehydratio... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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98a4d4bb46b0a77f70d4569a7494962e | In a 45-year-old male with chronic asthma and now presenting with acute dyspnea, accessory muscle use, 89% oxygen saturation on room air, wheezing, and widespread urticaria, which specific antibody isotype's cross-linking on mast cells and basophils is most likely implicated in the enhanced release of histamine and oth... | The clinical picture described indicates an acute allergic reaction, potentially an exacerbation of asthma triggered by an allergen. The widespread urticaria and acute dyspnea in the context of asthma are consistent with an anaphylactic response.
In allergic reactions, the antibody isotype that is primarily involved i... | The clinical picture described indicates an acute allergic reaction, potentially an exacerbation of asthma triggered by an allergen. The widespread urticaria and acute dyspnea in the context of asthma are consistent with an anaphylactic response.
In allergic reactions, the antibody isotype that is primarily involved i... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d6fc162ce87d7a7a206edadb29eade84 | Une femme de 50 ans vous consulte pour fatigue, malaises et lipothymies; elle est pâle et s'essouffle au moindre effort. Elle est suivie depuis plusieurs années par un gynécologue pour un fibrome utérin responsable de ménorragies traitées par des progestatifs. Elle ne reçoit pas d'autre thérapeutique. L'examen clinique... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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1f68a4d00e6d54d8da0c9e3c0346ef49 | L'atteinte glomérulaire au cours du diabète :
A. S'observe aussi bien dans le diabète de type I que dans le diabète de type II
B. Peut être détectée très tôt par la recherche d'une microalbuminurie
C. Peut être aggravée par une augmentation de la pression artérielle systémique
D. S'accompagne, en début d'évolution, d'... | Réponses correctes : A,B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
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1db452dbfd116c241f52cb3a0cd368f8 | In a cohort study examining the prevalence of thrombophilic genetic mutations in asymptomatic individuals of European ancestry, what proportion is presumed to be heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation, particularly when factoring in its role in elevated venous thromboembolism risk, without including individuals ... | The factor V Leiden mutation is the most common hereditary hypercoagulability disorder among people of European ancestry. This genetic mutation leads to a form of thrombophilia, which increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
The prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation varies among different populations. ... | The factor V Leiden mutation is the most common hereditary hypercoagulability disorder among people of European ancestry. This genetic mutation leads to a form of thrombophilia, which increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
The prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation varies among different populations. ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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db6477c0762b655382ca732e100ead59 | In a 55-year-old female patient with a 4-day history of chest pain, cough producing rust-colored sputum, a habitual smoker, radiographic evidence of lobar consolidation, and an established diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, which additional auscultatory finding, when considered alongside a leukocytosis with a left shift,... | The patient's symptoms of chest pain, cough producing rust-colored sputum, and radiographic evidence of lobar consolidation are classic signs of pneumonia. The rust-colored sputum is often associated with pneumococcal pneumonia, which is a type of bacterial pneumonia.
Leukocytosis with a left shift typically indicate... | The patient's symptoms of chest pain, cough producing rust-colored sputum, and radiographic evidence of lobar consolidation are classic signs of pneumonia. The rust-colored sputum is often associated with pneumococcal pneumonia, which is a type of bacterial pneumonia.
Leukocytosis with a left shift typically indicate... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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4600414b8a05700fd6f39d3a4ab39fd5 | Investigate the complex ramifications of utilizing precise gene editing tools, specifically CRISPR/Cas9, for the intentional modification of genetic sequences that dictate behavioral traits, while also providing a critical analysis of the ethical dimensions, including potential long-term ecological impacts, of these ge... | Utilizing precise gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 to intentionally modify genetic sequences that dictate behavioral traits opens up a Pandora's box of scientific possibilities, ethical dilemmas, and potential ecological consequences. The CRISPR/Cas9 system allows for targeted alterations to DNA with unprecedented p... | Utilizing precise gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 to intentionally modify genetic sequences that dictate behavioral traits opens up a Pandora's box of scientific possibilities, ethical dilemmas, and potential ecological consequences. The CRISPR/Cas9 system allows for targeted alterations to DNA with unprecedented p... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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c70342fb4022877e091f59d6a71b6dfd | La grossesse entraîne un certain nombre de modifications biologiques. Quelle(s) est(sont) la(les) propositions qui est(sont) correcte(s) ?
1 - Hyperleucocytose
2 - Hémodilution
3 - Hypercholestérolémie
4 - Accélération de la vitesse de sédimentation
A. 1+2+3
B. 1+3
C. 2+4
D. 4
E. 1+2+3+4 | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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e78025ed306e3aa341236c1c66834d08 | A 26-year-old G1P0 woman at 32-weeks gestation presents for follow-up ultrasound. She was diagnosed with gestational diabetes during her second trimester, but admits to poor glucose control and non-adherence to insulin therapy. Fetal ultrasound reveals an asymmetric, enlarged interventricular septum, left ventricular o... | The ultrasound findings of an asymmetric, enlarged interventricular septum, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and a significantly reduced ejection fraction in the fetus of a woman with poorly controlled gestational diabetes suggest the fetus may have developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This condition is of... | The ultrasound findings of an asymmetric, enlarged interventricular septum, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and a significantly reduced ejection fraction in the fetus of a woman with poorly controlled gestational diabetes suggest the fetus may have developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This condition is of... | en | 0.86 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d8e5b33ad6508796d07d63ac88857937 | Investigate the specific molecular interactions and cellular pathways through which pharmacological agents, designed as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) modulators, exert their effects to potentially reduce the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including the impact on reverse cholesterol transport and ... | High-density lipoprotein (HDL) modulators are pharmacological agents designed to increase HDL cholesterol levels and improve its functionality, with the goal of reducing the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These agents target specific molecular interactions and cellular pathways involved in... | High-density lipoprotein (HDL) modulators are pharmacological agents designed to increase HDL cholesterol levels and improve its functionality, with the goal of reducing the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These agents target specific molecular interactions and cellular pathways involved in... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3bbc109115d14b67bb478735a50da767 | Dans le cadre des pneumoconioses, quelle est la proposition exacte ?
A. La silicose ne se voit pratiquement plus en France
B. Les signes les plus précoces de la silicose sont les signes cliniques
C. Les signes précoces de l'asbestose sont des images nodulaires, périhilaires, visibles sur la radiographie thoracique
D. ... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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dd033e661b1f63b50792d705bc52b281 | A 40 YR OLD MAN , WORKING IN FARM PRESENTED WITH HEADACHE MALASIE SENSE OF TIGHTNESS DIMNESS OF VISION . ON EXAMINATION PUPILS WERE SHOWN AS BELOW ? WHAT IS TH EDIAGNOSIS ?
A. LEAD POISONING
B. ORGANO PHOSPHOROUS
C. NICKLE POISONING
D. COCIANE | Let's break down the symptoms and signs:
* Headache, malaise, sense of tightness, and dimness of vision are all consistent with a cholinergic crisis.
* The pupils are constricted, which is also consistent with a cholinergic crisis.
Now, let's look at the options:
* A. Lead poisoning is not typically associated with ... | Let's break down the symptoms and signs:
* Headache, malaise, sense of tightness, and dimness of vision are all consistent with a cholinergic crisis.
* The pupils are constricted, which is also consistent with a cholinergic crisis.
Now, let's look at the options:
* A. Lead poisoning is not typically associated with ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1b3c00f931f0887f2d01a1d43e381bcc | La pilocarpine est un collyre :
A. Parasympathicomimétique
B. Parasympathicolytique
C. Sympathicomimétique
D. Sympathicolytique
E. Sans action sur le système sympathique | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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b71ff932a61d818c009d96d90a05dc99 | In a right-handed, 60-year-old hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic male presenting with acute right arm and leg weakness, difficulty speaking, and a clear non-contrast head CT, which clinical sign would suggest a lesion in the left middle cerebral artery's cortical branches rather than subcortical structures?
A. Rig... | Let's break down the symptoms presented:
* Acute right arm and leg weakness: suggests a left-sided lesion affecting the motor pathway
* Difficulty speaking: suggests a left-sided lesion affecting language processing
* Clear non-contrast head CT: rules out a hemorrhagic stroke, but does not rule out an ischemic stroke
... | Let's break down the symptoms presented:
* Acute right arm and leg weakness: suggests a left-sided lesion affecting the motor pathway
* Difficulty speaking: suggests a left-sided lesion affecting language processing
* Clear non-contrast head CT: rules out a hemorrhagic stroke, but does not rule out an ischemic stroke
... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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5feaf18e08df0b5c6354a7abc8b78300 | Six mois plus tard, elle revient pouvoir parce qu'elle a retrouvé, grâce à l'émission « Seule la vérité qui compte ! », son papa et sa famille. Malheureusement, trois mois plus tard, un cancer du rectum est diagnostiqué chez son père à l'âge de 45 ans. Elle vous sollicite à nouveau pour une coloscopie. Quelle est votre... | La coloscopie est cette fois indiquée :
- Survenue d'un cancer colorectal sans polypose chez un apparenté au premier degré et âgé de moins de 60 ans (risque multiplié par 2 à 4).
- Mais, elle doit avoir lieu vers l'âge de 40 ans (cinq ans avant l'âge d'apparition du cancer du parent atteint si celui-ci avait moins de... | La coloscopie est cette fois indiquée :
- Survenue d'un cancer colorectal sans polypose chez un apparenté au premier degré et âgé de moins de 60 ans (risque multiplié par 2 à 4) | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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d9c8a7d401024bafbee1501aca165740 | In a 7-year-old female with fatigue, muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, ptosis, and proximal muscle involvement, which muscle biopsy finding, considering a heteroplasmic mtDNA distribution and ragged red fibers, would suggest a mitochondrial disorder?
A. An increased proportion of mutant mitochondria in tissues wi... | The symptoms described in the question, such as fatigue, muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, ptosis, and proximal muscle involvement, are characteristic of a mitochondrial disorder. Mitochondrial disorders are a group of conditions caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA that lead to dysf... | The symptoms described in the question, such as fatigue, muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, ptosis, and proximal muscle involvement, are characteristic of a mitochondrial disorder. Mitochondrial disorders are a group of conditions caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA that lead to dysf... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8cb3e7a8904b43d76aa3facb3b702e9c | For a 16-year-old soccer player who has sustained a concussion and is asymptomatic after 48 hours of rest, and has resumed cognitive activities without issue, what does the 'Return to play protocol' in the Pediatrics_Nelson textbook suggest as the subsequent step, specifically when considering the athlete is maintainin... | When dealing with a concussion in a young athlete, it's essential to follow a graduated return-to-play (RTP) protocol to ensure the athlete's safety and health. The RTP protocol typically includes several stages, starting from complete rest and progressing through to full return to sport. Each stage should be completed... | When dealing with a concussion in a young athlete, it's essential to follow a graduated return-to-play (RTP) protocol to ensure the athlete's safety and health. The RTP protocol typically includes several stages, starting from complete rest and progressing through to full return to sport. Each stage should be completed... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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d7f0e250026cf744a8f745fc566094b0 | La rétention vésicale complète aiguë d'urine au cours de l'évolution d'un adénome de prostate :
A. Est une indication obligatoire du traitement chirurgical de l'adénome
B. Est précédée d'hématurie
C. Entraîne une contracture hypogastrique
D. Est toujours provoquée par un épisode infectieux
E. Est un épisode parfois tr... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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52f6b50fad306524737f4053c87f31cd | Madame R. S. âgée de 28 ans, G2 P1, enceinte de 18 semaines est adressée
par son gynécologue en cardiologie pour suivi.
En effet, cette patiente à déjà présenté durant le 3ème trimestre de sa première grossesse une HTA avec des œdèmes des membres inférieurs et une protéinurie.
L'examen clinique retrouve à l'auscu... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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cb0c5a1ad9201d908f77dc5a4814fef3 | What is (are) spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 ? | Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is an inherited condition that causes muscle weakness and respiratory failure typically beginning in infancy. Early features of this condition are difficult and noisy breathing, especially when inhaling; a weak cry; problems feeding; and recurrent episod... | Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is an inherited condition that causes muscle weakness and respiratory failure typically beginning in infancy. Early features of this condition are difficult and noisy breathing, especially when inhaling; a weak cry; problems feeding; and recurrent episod... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | medquad | {
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01b6786cb0484d2c2bacc64a097f5208 | Quel diagnostic suspectez-vous en premier dans la situation suivante : Cyanose réfractaire + insuffisance cardiaque ? | RVPAT bloqué | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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3388afd4672425713d17615fb905715c | In the context of a duodenal switch procedure, which specific modification most significantly predisposes a patient to gallstone formation by disrupting the normal enterohepatic recycling of bile acids, especially considering the resultant lipid malabsorption?
A. Amplified secretion of pancreatic enzymes in response t... | The duodenal switch procedure, also known as biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), is a weight loss surgery that involves a significant rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract. It includes a sleeve gastrectomy and rerouting of the intestines to create two pathways: an alimentary limb that carries... | The duodenal switch procedure, also known as biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), is a weight loss surgery that involves a significant rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract. It includes a sleeve gastrectomy and rerouting of the intestines to create two pathways: an alimentary limb that carries... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1566befc9810f9cbcf2276ad74890828 | im a 50 year old female,167lbs 5 8 . I ve had heart palipatations since around 17 yrs old. Up until the last 6 months I only had them on and off. When I would eat chocolate or drink caffine. Only when I was pregnant when I was 25 did I have them for 24 hours straight. Recently I get them right after I eat anything. Do ... | I'm not a doctor, but I can provide some general information that might be helpful. It's important to note that palpitations can have many causes, ranging from benign to serious. Given your family history and the change in frequency and pattern of your palpitations, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider ... | I'm not a internet, but I can provide some general information that might be helpful. It's important to note that palpitations can have many causes, ranging from benign to serious. Given your family history and the change in frequency and pattern of your palpitations, it's essential to search online with a healthcare p... | en | 0.9 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
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02886d40fabe24afad83898c67a13389 | La hernie inguinale oblique externe :
A. Possède un orifice situé en dehors des vaisseaux épigastriques
B. A un orifice superficiel situé en dehors du grand droit de l'abdomen
C. S'extériorise au-dessous de la ligne de Malgaigne
D. Peut contenir une corne vésicale
E. Peut descendre dans la grande lèvre chez la femme | Réponses correctes : A,B,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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... |
01f1b6a74e5a677c6848535facc1ada1 | During thoracic surgery, when operating in the middle mediastinum, the surgeon must be cautious to avoid damage to critical structures. Taking into account both the vascular supply and the precise spatial relationships, which of the following structures is correctly paired with its vascular supply and its immediate ana... | Firstly, let's consider the options given:
A. The thoracic duct is indeed a major structure in the mediastinum, but it does not ascend to the right of the midline. Instead, it ascends in the thorax close to the spine and crosses over to the left side at the level of the 4th to 6th thoracic vertebrae before entering th... | Firstly, let's consider the options given:
A. The thoracic duct is indeed a major structure in the mediastinum, but it does not ascend to the right of the midline. Instead, it ascends in the thorax close to the spine and crosses over to the left side at the level of the 4th to 6th thoracic vertebrae before entering th... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ca375f2b0c9d3dfdf18c2113dbf81566 | In the management of cardiac insufficiency, delineate the pharmacodynamic contrasts and the disparate spectra of adverse events of beta-adrenergic antagonists versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Elaborate on their divergent influences on hemodynamic measures and extrapolate their implications for patient p... | Beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are both cornerstone medications in the management of cardiac insufficiency, also known as heart failure. They have different pharmacodynamic profiles and mechanisms of action, which influence their spectra of adve... | Beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are both cornerstone medications in the management of cardiac insufficiency, also known as heart failure. They have different pharmacodynamic profiles and mechanisms of action, which influence their spectra of adve... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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eee2fe4fc73813be46f045f06264f623 | Cette malade de 39 ans est amenée en consultation par son mari pour ses difficultés à sortir de chez elle. Elle s'occupe de façon normale mais redoute de sortir seule. Si sa fille l'accompagne, elle arrive à aller dans la rue mais en restant sur le trottoir qui entoure le bloc d'immeubles où elle habite et elle refuse ... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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6419c2ce671c5ce68f7d6aa64cd69f8c | How to diagnose Colon Cancer ? | Tests that examine the colon and rectum are used to detect (find) and diagnose colon cancer. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems un... | Tests that examine the colon and rectum are used to detect (find) and diagnose colon cancer. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems un... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | medquad | {
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91fafbff5651f2b384c5d4487a8ef549 | Investigate the sequence of intracellular and molecular phenomena that facilitate neurotransmission, beginning with the synthesis of neurotransmitters and concluding with their binding to distinct receptor subtypes on the post-synaptic membrane, including an analysis of the role of vesicular packaging and release mecha... | Neurotransmission is a complex process that involves the synthesis, release, and binding of neurotransmitters to specific receptors on the post-synaptic membrane. Here, we will explore the sequence of intracellular and molecular phenomena that facilitate neurotransmission, from the synthesis of neurotransmitters to the... | Neurotransmission is a complex process that involves the synthesis, release, and binding of neurotransmitters to specific receptors on the post-synaptic membrane. Here, we will explore the sequence of intracellular and molecular phenomena that facilitate neurotransmission, from the synthesis of neurotransmitters to the... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "Neuro... |
fc0c3cef422de03d474328f3203e5159 | Une jeune femme de 30 ans vient d'accoucher d'un enfant porteur d'une dysmorphie cranio-faciale: tête petite et ronde, faciès plat, grosse langue sortie de la bouche, nez écrasé, obliquité des fentes oculaires en haut et en dehors, épicanthus, oreilles peu ourlées.L'enfant est cyanosé et polypnéique, on perçoit un souf... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Genetics",
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"correct_answers"... |
95bceba2384b41c5b92ad9657c71f3c9 | Quelle est la valeur estimée de la pression pulmonaire systolique dans la situation suivante : communication interventriculaire restrictive, pression aortique=100 mm Hg, vélocité maximale du flux VG- VD=4m/s? | 36 mm Hg | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
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"source_record_id": "602",
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6a053111bb833304ce7839fa0787cca2 | A 48-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-hour history of heavy nasal bleeding. He drinks half a bottle of sherry daily. His pulse is 112/min, and blood pressure is 92/54 mm Hg. Physical examination shows scattered ecchymoses across the extremities and oozing from a venipuncture site. Laborator... | The patient presents with heavy nasal bleeding, scattered ecchymoses, oozing from a venipuncture site, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT). The history of drinking half a bottle of sherry daily suggests chronic alcohol use, which can lead to liver dysfunction. The liver is responsible for synthesizing clotting factors,... | The patient presents with heavy nasal bleeding, scattered ecchymoses, oozing from a venipuncture site, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT). The history of drinking half a bottle of sherry daily suggests chronic alcohol use, which can lead to liver dysfunction. The liver is responsible for synthesizing clotting factors,... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "MedQA,8212",
"rejected_response": "The patient's s... |
98fc63b9ebd92c3555ce8f52e1d0d387 | A married woman died in unnatural conditions within 5 years of her marriage. Her parents complained of frequent demand of dowry. Her autopsy will be conducted under which section: AI 10; Punjab 10
A. Sec. 174 CrPC
B. Sec. 176 CrPC
C. Sec. 302 IPC
D. Sec. 304B IPC | In cases like this, where a woman has died under unnatural conditions within 5 years of marriage, and there are allegations of dowry demands, the legal framework in India provides specific provisions to investigate such matters thoroughly.
- **Section 174 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)** deals generally with po... | In cases like this, where a woman has died under unnatural conditions within 5 years of marriage, and there are allegations of dowry demands, the legal framework in India provides specific provisions to investigate such matters thoroughly.
- **Section 174 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)** deals generally with po... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "MedMCQA,11522",
"rejected_response": "Let's thin... |
8a3b82be3849f5ee4e0f7b1096642349 | Is autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy inherited ? | Yes, Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an inherited disorder. As the name suggests, it follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. This means that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from one parent to be at risk of developing the condition.
ADNFLE is asso... | Yes, Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an inherited disorder. As the name suggests, it follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. This means that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from one parent to be at risk of developing the condition.
ADNFLE is asso... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQuad,8351",
"rejected_response": "Yes, autosoma... |
a938c199e8744b238f372ec40eeae7fb | Commenter les résultats de l’hémogramme. | Il existe :
- Une anémie (Hb ; 100 g/L ) avec VGM à 90 fL, CCMH à 37 % et TCMH à 33 pg.
L'anémie est donc normocytaire, norrnochrome (à la limite supérieure pour la norrnochromie), arégénérative (réticulocytes bas à 15 G/L)
- Une hyperleucocytose à 22 G/L
- Une thrombopénie à 30 G/L
- Une population blastique de l... | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pharmacy",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "2376",
"original_fields": [
"... |
db991302e4487af92790e898cea6840c | Un essai thérapeutique comparatif vise à apprécier l'efficacité d'un nouvel antihypertenseur, qui est contre-indiqué chez les insuffisants rénaux. Le groupe témoin recevra un traitement de référence classique, d'efficacité démontrée
Certains patients sont sous tonicardiaques pour traiter une insuffisance cardiaque sec... | Réponses correctes : B,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Epidemiology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
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"source_record_id": "14191",
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a175e28fe526b44c3392e7376c285164 | In a 32-year-old woman with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing stimulatory infertility treatment who has developed OHSS 5 days post-hCG trigger, with bilateral enlarged ovaries on ultrasound, which specific pathophysiological process is most likely exacerbating her condition, considering the role of vascular e... | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by a hormonal imbalance that can affect ovulation and the menstrual cycle. Women with PCOS who undergo fertility treatments are at a higher risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a potentially serious complication. OHSS is characterized by enlarged... | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by a hormonal imbalance that can affect ovulation and the menstrual cycle. Women with PCOS who undergo fertility general advices are at a higher risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a potentially serious complication. OHSS is characterized by enl... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,Gynecology_Novak_6065",
"rejected_respo... |
29fba4df0c7742840d63b4721f5b49c9 | Une femme de 60 ans, pesant 67 kilos pour 1,50 mètre est adressée pour angiocholite. Son seul antécédent est une hystérectomie totale pratiquée il y a 18 ans pour une indication inconnue. L'examen clinique retrouve un empâtement douloureux de l'hypochondre droit. un signe de Murphy. La fièvre est 38°. Il existe une oli... | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hepato-Gastroenterology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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"co... |
da9a6dff0929824fd5a7bb5fc46ef918 | Un enfant de 10 ans est atteint d'une angine aiguë érythémato-pultacée accompagnée d'une fièvre à 38,5°C, d'apparition brutale, avec adénopathies sous angulo-maxillaires sensibles
Dans l'hypothèse d'une étiologie, quel traitement préconisez-vous ?
A. Pénicilline V orale pendant 10 jours
B. Gentamicine injectable IM p... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Infectious Diseases",
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9811c86cfe4412ff8d3f2c04b39d5cd9 | A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician because of painful paresthesias in her foot. Examination shows decreased sensation in the first interdigital space and a hallux valgus deformity. This patient's paresthesias are most likely caused by compression of which of the following nerves?
A. Superficial peroneal nerve
... | The patient is experiencing painful paresthesias in her foot with decreased sensation in the first interdigital space, along with a hallux valgus deformity. The first interdigital space refers to the area between the first and second toes, and the nerve that supplies this area is the deep peroneal nerve.
The deep pero... | The patient is experiencing painful paresthesias in her foot with decreased sensation in the first interdigital space, along with a hallux valgus deformity. The first interdigital space refers to the area between the first and second toes, and the nerve that supplies this area is the deep peroneal nerve.
The deep pero... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "The symptoms de... |
0f896a06428fa3519f5a4ea48ba525c9 | Au cours de cette visite d’embauche, le médecin du travail explique à Monsieur X. qu’il subira régulièrement comme ses collègues, un hémogramme de contrôle dans le cadre de son activité avec risque d’exposition au benzène. Quels seraient les risques d’une intoxication chronique par le benzène sur le plan hématologique ... | Le benzène est un toxique à action centrale sur l'hématopoïèse. D'où:
- Risque d'hypoplasie ou d'aplasie médullaire se manifestant au niveau périphérique par une anémie, une leucopénie, une trombopénie
- Risque leucémogène, pouvant se traduire notamment par un syndrome myéloprolifératif chronique (leucémie myéloide c... | Le benzène est un toxique à action centrale sur l'hématopoïèse | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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... |
34971ad8d7f07c1e4e67ced063bc4cc2 | What are the treatments for congenital stromal corneal dystrophy ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy - Genetic Testing Registry: Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Cloudy Cornea These resources from MedlinePlus offer information... | These resources address the guess or management of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy - Genetic Testing Registry: Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Cloudy Cornea These resources from MedlinePlus offer information abo... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | medquad | {
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"question_type": "treatment",
"symptoms": [],
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "0000238-5",
"original_fields": [
"document_id",
... |
a84ca1709951d25147563690929d8b34 | How many people are affected by cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy ? | CADASIL is likely a rare condition; however, its prevalence is unknown. | Limited information available. | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"source_record_id": "0000166-2",
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... |
c50c0a0f8e6cf664bd25e12786184964 | I am having pain in my right side of my stomach area. Little history I have gerds I take meds for. I am having bad acid reflux for the last couple of days lost twenty pounds put it back on.i have had to have surgery for scar tissue down in that area about 5 years ago. I have no apx no gallbladder no female parts. I am ... | I'm not a doctor, but I'll try to help you identify possible causes of your symptoms. It's always best to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Considering your history of GERD, acid reflux, and previous surgery, here are some potential explanations for your symptoms:
1. **Wo... | I'm not a internet, but I'll try to help you identify possible causes of your symptoms. It's always best to search online a healthcare professional for an accurate guess and general advice plan.
Considering your history of GERD, acid reflux, and previous surgery, here are some potential explanations for your symptoms:... | en | 0.94 | 0.5 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response... |
4a6b5c961eec5ec2c4a7db6a5808c68a | Dans la prescription d'un régime restrictif en sodium :
1 - La ration de pain doit être mesurée
2 - La quantité de laitages est à adapter
3 - Les épices sont autorisées
4 - Le choix des boissons est laissé libre
A. 1+2+3
B. 1+3
C. 2+4
D. 4
E. 1+2+3+4 | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Biochemistry",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"correct_a... |
205b05c071df3c0cbf34ddb2133a6221 | What are the symptoms of Hepatic lipase deficiency ? | What are the signs and symptoms of Hepatic lipase deficiency? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hepatic lipase deficiency. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus M... | What are the signs and symptoms of Hepatic lipase deficiency? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hepatic lipase deficiency. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus M... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"source_record_id": "0002803-2",
"original_fields": [
"document_id",
... |
de3f8170f153f73c80bfa65cc8fc3384 | An 8-year-old boy is brought in for initial evaluation by a pediatrician after he was adopted from an international orphanage. On presentation, he is found to have difficulty with walking as well as bone and joint pain. The adoption papers for the child state that he was the product of a normal birth with no medical is... | The symptoms of difficulty with walking, bone and joint pain, bowed legs, and hard lumps on the ribs are consistent with rickets, which is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin D. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone health. The... | The symptoms of difficulty with walking, bone and joint pain, bowed legs, and hard lumps on the ribs are consistent with rickets, which is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin D | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedQA,9030",
"rejected_response": "The patient i... |
fe4c87367019d013efd46b7290ccba61 | hello doctor I m 31 years olld 79 kgs, in pelvis test it shown bilateral features of pco, i dont have any symptions liks hair fall or other, I want to know that I have pco or pcos, I missed only I periods ,doctor gave tablet for 5 days to get back my periods, with in 10 days my periods is back, on diet my weight reduce... | Hello!
Thank you for sharing your concerns with me. Based on your pelvic ultrasound report, it seems that you have bilateral features of Polycystic Ovaries (PCO), but it's essential to understand the difference between PCO and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
**PCO vs. PCOS:**
Polycystic Ovaries (PCO) refers to the... | Hello!
Thank you for sharing your concerns with me. Based on your pelvic ultrasound report, it seems that you have bilateral features of Polycystic Ovaries (PCO), but it's essential to understand the difference between PCO and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
**PCO vs. PCOS:**
Polycystic Ovaries (PCO) refers to the... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "Medical-Instruct-120k,19604",
"rejected_response":... |
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