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values | clinical_quality_score float64 0.8 0.94 | safety_score float64 0.4 0.9 | source stringclasses 5
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cf9b3dd9c5276c37955924618d86544a | Quelle est la complication évolutive la plus fréquente d'un anévrysme de l'aorte abdominale sous rénale?
A. Compression urétérale
B. Thrombose de l'aorte
C. Rupture
D. Infection
E. Fistulisation dans la veine cave inférieure | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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957a6b8664080e8aaa154c359ef7dd28 | Parmi les propositions suivantes, laquelle (lesquelles) correspond(ent) à un allongement du temps de céphaline + activateur et à un temps de Quick normal ?
A. Déficit en fibrinogène
B. Déficit en facteur antihémophilique A (facteur Vlllc)
C. Déficit en proaccélérine (facteur V)
D. Déficit en facteur Hageman (facteur X... | Réponses correctes : B,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
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6fb54f9715b657755540ae04da07fefe | Staing material for production of insulin from bacteria is:
A. Genomic DNA from beta pancreatic cells of human
B. Genomic DNA from lymphocytes of human
C. mRNA from beta pancreatic cells of human
D. mRNA from lymphocytes of human | To produce insulin from bacteria, we need to introduce the gene for human insulin into the bacterial cells. This gene is normally found in the beta pancreatic cells of humans, not in lymphocytes.
To get this gene, we need to isolate the mRNA from the beta pancreatic cells of humans, which carries the information for ... | To produce insulin from bacteria, we need to introduce the gene for human insulin into the bacterial cells. This gene is normally found in the beta pancreatic cells of humans, not in lymphocytes | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a7d9d7a81de86bc49353a39a49acd721 | R . Xavier, né à terme, avec un score d'Apgar à 9, dont le développement a été normal jusque là, est hospitalisé en urgence à 2 ans, en raison d'une perte de connaissance brutale, accompagnée de secousses musculaires du bras, de la jambe et de l'hémiface gauche. Sa température est à 40°C; son pouls à 160/min, sa T.A. à... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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18b550a398d6656b235533210850fca1 | Un érythème scarlatiniforme chez un enfant évoque chacune des causes suivantes, sauf une. Laquelle ?
A. Une infection streptococcique
B. Une infection à Candida albicans
C. Une infection à virus d'Epstein Barr
D. Une infection à toxoplasmes
E. Un accident médicamenteux | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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56e3b4d3444ea4848ec287b1b8eadb07 | What is (are) Earthquakes ? | An earthquake happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently, and without warning at any time of the day or night. If an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause property damage, injuries, and even deaths. If you live in a coastal area, there is th... | An earthquake happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently, and without warning at any time of the day or night. If an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause property damage, injuries, and even deaths. If you live in a coastal area, there is th... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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236a39c0478ae206fe0b3e4a01eba114 | Le médecin exerçant à l'hôpital est un auxiliaire du Service Public. La faute mettant en jeu la responsabilité de la puissance publique est appréciée par :
A. Le Tribunal de Grande Instance
B. Le Juge d'Instruction
C. Le directeur de l'hôpital
D. L'Ordre des Médecins
E. Le Tribunal Administratif | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Forensic Medicine and Toxicology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": ... |
913370ee8f70fde8385c3d0c70871856 | Dans les appareillages d'échographie, un transducteur est un émeteur :
A. D'ultrasons pulsés
B. De rayons X
C. D'ondes électromagnétiques
D. De rayonnement alpha
E. De rayonnement betha | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Radiology",
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68b330d0ebaf553f18c70a27fd23ffe8 | In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, considering the CD40 ligand-mediated enzymatic activity that facilitates the initial degradation of the fibrous cap's collagen, which enzymes are implicated in this process due to their overexpression following CD40 interaction with its receptor on macrophages, thus promoting pla... | In the context of atherosclerosis, the CD40 ligand (CD40L) plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process that leads to the weakening of the fibrous cap in atherosclerotic plaques. The interaction between CD40L and its receptor, CD40, on the surface of macrophages can lead to the activation of these immune cells and ... | In the context of atherosclerosis, the CD40 ligand (CD40L) plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process that leads to the weakening of the fibrous cap in atherosclerotic plaques. The interaction between CD40L and its receptor, CD40, on the surface of macrophages can lead to the activation of these immune cells and ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,InternalMed_Harrison_19001",
"rejected_... |
4638d47770b09b8721acd8c7a6aeb2ff | A 53 year old female lawyer who has been married for 20 years comes to her physician's office because she has not felt "up to par" over the past 2 months. She is married, has two grown sons, and has a good practice. In the past couple of weeks, she has stopped taking care of her appearance and has frequently called in ... | Let's break down the symptoms and analyze them:
1. The patient has not felt "up to par" for 2 months, indicating a prolonged period of feeling unwell.
2. She has stopped taking care of her appearance, which suggests a lack of interest in activities she normally enjoys.
3. She has been calling in sick to work and havin... | Let's break down the symptoms and analyze them:
1. The patient has not felt "up to par" for 2 months, indicating a prolonged period of feeling unwell.
2. She has stopped taking care of her appearance, which suggests a lack of interest in activities she normally enjoys.
3. She has been calling in sick to work and havin... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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1be92dbae779698b5367a7854950d78a | Evaluate the influence of post-translational modifications on the cardiac proteome's functional dynamics, specifically examining the alterations in protein interactions and enzyme activities within the myocardium during heart failure progression. | Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that occur to proteins after their synthesis (translation) and are critical in modulating protein function, localization, interactions, and stability. In the context of the cardiac proteome, PTMs play a significant role in the functional dynamics of the heart... | Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that occur to proteins after their synthesis (translation) and are critical in modulating protein function, localization, interactions, and stability. In the context of the cardiac proteome, PTMs play a significant role in the functional dynamics of the heart... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "Post-t... |
a9de15df9eeed14d3df8905285d564bf | Un homme de 65 ans, sans antécédent pathologique notable, consulte pour des douleurs péri-ombilicales et lombaires gauches, sans troubles du transit.Il est apyrétique : l'état général est conservé.Sa TA est à 180/90.L'examen retrouve une masse abdominale battante et expansive para-ombilicale gauche.Numération globulair... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
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a8b6f0967347db66900f281d0b0eaf77 | Conticosteroids are absolutely contraindicated in the following type of tuberculosis:
A. Miliary
B. Meningeal
C. Intestinal
D. Renal | Corticosteroids are used as adjunctive therapy in certain forms of tuberculosis (TB) to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes. However, in cases where there is a localized infection without systemic inflammation or severe complications, such as in intestinal TB, the use of corticosteroids is not indicated and can po... | Corticosteroids are used as adjunctive therapy in certain forms of tuberculosis (TB) to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes. However, in cases where there is a localized infection without systemic inflammation or severe complications, such as in intestinal TB, the use of corticosteroids is not indicated and can po... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3c724656d5da39eb1d32274442a609f0 | L'exérèse chirurgicale d'un cancer thyroïdien est contre-indiquée en cas de :
A. Existence d'une trachéomalacie
B. Présence de métastases pulmonaires
C. Existence d'une paralysie récurrentielle
D. Présence d'adénopathies jugulo-carotidiennes bilatérales
E. Cancer blindant le cou et anaplasique à la biopsie | Réponse correcte : E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Endocrinology and Metabolism",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
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767247cdd7fa85b1fd49cb2c23aa1f72 | Discuss in detail the sequence of pathophysiological events triggered by mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, leading to the clinical manifestation of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2. Focus on the intracellular signaling pathways and genetic predispositions that lead to the selective emergence of tumors in endocrin... | Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytomas, and parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia. MEN2 is caused by mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinas... | Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytomas, and parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia. MEN2 is caused by mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinas... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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ac49ade07f3f547c2fa46e7ee2c47944 | I am 15 yrs old and for the past week, I ve had a stabbing pain the left side around the heart and my heart starts pounding super fast...this lasts for about 30-45 seconds and goes away then today on the left side of my neck i could feel my pulse beating really fast. This has been going on for 2 weeks. Last August i wa... | I'm not a doctor, but I can offer you some general advice. The symptoms you're describing – stabbing pain around the heart, rapid heart rate, and a visible or palpable pulse in the neck – could potentially be serious and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional as soon as possible. While these symptoms can be c... | I'm not a internet, but I can offer you some general advice. The symptoms you're describing – stabbing pain around the heart, rapid heart rate, and a visible or palpable pulse in the neck – could potentially be serious and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional as soon as possible. While these symptoms can be... | en | 0.9 | 0.6 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"rejected_response": "I'm not... |
9cd26e1848f198d13edf4385e9bf726c | (cochez la réponse juste) L'acromégalie :
1. Est liée le plus souvent à un adénome hypophysaire à cellules somatotropes
2. Se caractérise par un syndrome dysmorphique
3. Peut se compliquer de diabète sucré
4. A un pronostic lié aux complications cardio-vasculaires
5. Relève d'un traitement chirurgical par voie trans-sp... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
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"medical_subject": "Endocrinology and Metabolism",
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728d094be0292dbeb50589983ee7ec1a | Après un repas réunissant 21 personnes, en milieu rural, 16 des convives présentent 48 heures plus tard un tableau d'entérite fébrile. Douze de ces malades sont des sujets de 5 à 20 ans. Le repas comprenait des carottes râpées (légumes cultivés dans le jardin de l'hôte), du gigot d'agneau, des asperges, des fromages, u... | Réponses correctes : A,B,C,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Microbiology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
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f3f21feeed38dfe0c8e3efb5fc71e791 | What are the symptoms of Ossicular Malformations, familial ? | What are the signs and symptoms of Ossicular Malformations, familial? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Ossicular Malformations, familial. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use t... | What are the signs and symptoms of Ossicular Malformations, familial? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Ossicular Malformations, familial. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use t... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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... |
d765af31daebb3873c6f23cf41dd170b | Les signes cliniques qui permettent d'évoquer une impuissance sexuelle d'origine vasculaire chez un homme jeune sont:
A. Anéjaculation
B. Instabilité de l'érection
C. Ejaculation précoce
D. Disparition de la libido
E. Abolition des pouls fémoraux | Réponses correctes : B,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Nephro-Urology",
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62db2f5528a00a0891477cfecf397c57 | L’agent responsable de la bilharziose humaine incriminé ers Algérie est:
A. Schistosoma mansoni.
B. Schistosoma bovis.
C. Schistosoma mekongi.
D. Schistosoma haematobium.
E. Schistosoma intercalatum. | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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dd8718a1a037909d8f258768fa69bc34 | Chez un enfant hémophile A âgé de 6 ans, quelle est la complication la plus fréquente et la plus invalidante ?
A. Les ecchymoses
B. Les hématomes
C. Les hémarthroses
D. L'hémorragie cérébrale
E. Les hématuries | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
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a5cd21e3b22600fb002389ce5886e98d | Examine the variations in protein expression levels and the spectrum of post-translational modifications in thermophilic organisms, thriving in high-temperature environments, as compared to their mesophilic counterparts, which predominate in moderate temperature niches, with a particular focus on the heat shock respons... | Thermophilic organisms, which thrive in high-temperature environments, have evolved unique strategies to maintain protein function and stability under extreme conditions. In contrast, mesophilic organisms, which predominate in moderate temperature niches, have adapted to optimal growth temperatures around 20-40°C. A co... | Thermophilic organisms, which thrive in high-temperature environments, have evolved unique strategies to maintain protein function and stability under extreme conditions. In contrast, mesophilic organisms, which predominate in moderate temperature niches, have adapted to optimal growth temperatures around 20-40°C. A co... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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3967fdbf3a0de61c1e9135b53e95d390 | Parmi les situations suivantes, indiquez celles qui constituent une indication de diagnostic prénatal chromosomique :
A. Femme de 38 ans ou plus
B. Femme dont le frère est trisomique 21
C. Femme ayant un enfant atteint de mucoviscidose
D. Femme dont la grossesse est compliquée par un retard de croissance intra-utérin ... | Réponses correctes : A,D,E | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCM",
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7e6f1e388956deb08e53584e521576a0 | The early changes in coicosteroid-induced cataract are in the form of:
A. Central posterior subcapsular lens changes
B. Anterior coical lens changes
C. Nuclear changes
D. Diffuse lens changes | Corticosteroid-induced cataract is a type of cataract that occurs as a side effect of long-term use of corticosteroid medications. The early changes in corticosteroid-induced cataract typically involve the posterior subcapsular region of the lens.
So, the answer is A. | Corticosteroid-induced cataract is a type of cataract that occurs as a side effect of long-term use of corticosteroid medications | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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537401d701e302cacc4b0c009ac56c37 | M. P., 30 ans, éthylique, professeur dans un C.E.S.. a une malformation rénale congénitale. 3 ans auparavant il a eu une fracture du crâne (accident de la circulation). Une nuit, il est pris de vives céphalées qui le réveillent, il frissonne. Au matin, toujours céphalalgique, il prend son petit déjeuner mais le vomit p... | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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a304e87bbb443244546a17f9468bd563 | Un homme de 52 ans est hospitalisé en urgence pour une violente douleur thoracique. On le trouve assis dans son lit, penché en avant, pâle et couvert de sueurs.La respiration est courte et rapide, la douleur de siège rétrosternal est constrictive, elle irradie vers le cou et les deux épaules. Elle est intense et semble... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
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8edf0980cc634e42930f6e976afc03ea | A patient comes to hospital with a history of sore throat, diarrhoea and sexual contact 2 weeks before. The best investigation to rule out HIV is-(
A. P24 antigen assay
B. ELISA
C. Western blot
D. Lymph node biopsy | The patient is presenting with symptoms that are suspicious of HIV infection, specifically acute retroviral syndrome (ARS). ARS is a condition that occurs in some people immediately after HIV infection, and it's characterized by symptoms like sore throat, fever, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances, which are all... | The patient is presenting with symptoms that are suspicious of HIV infection, specifically acute retroviral syndrome (ARS). ARS is a condition that occurs in some people immediately after HIV infection, and it's characterized by symptoms like sore throat, fever, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances, which are all... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8fab55855190481288683ed5b73e991b | Upon detecting a 'hanging noose' sign in the umbilical cord on antepartum sonography, which subsequent step should be taken to evaluate fetal well-being, especially considering the need to distinguish between false positives and true fetal compromise?
A. Advise an immediate cesarean delivery to mitigate the risk of fe... | The "hanging noose" sign on antepartum sonography is a rare but significant finding that may indicate a true knot in the umbilical cord, which can potentially lead to fetal distress or even stillbirth. However, it's essential to differentiate between a true knot and a false positive, as the latter may not require any i... | The "hanging noose" sign on antepartum sonography is a rare but significant finding that may indicate a true knot in the umbilical cord, which can potentially lead to fetal distress or even stillbirth. However, it's essential to differentiate between a true knot and a false positive, as the latter may not require any i... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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f6bac534552f2a4672eee6eb9e01eea6 | What is (are) hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies ? | Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of numbness, (paresthesia), weakness, and muscle atrophy, typically triggered by trivial compression or pressure on peripheral nerves.
The con... | Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of numbness, (paresthesia), weakness, and muscle atrophy, typically triggered by trivial compression or pressure on peripheral nerves.
The con... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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5009ecfb92b7b67df3642417dee03120 | (cochez la réponse juste) Borrelia burgdorferi est l'agent de :
A. Fièvre Q
B. Lymphogranulomatose vénérienne
C. Maladie de Lyme
D. Maladie des légionnaires
E. Maladie des griffes de chat | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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b783af7d9eaa0361e97e93c584dc3bcc | Donner la définition de la cirrhose. Quels sont les stades précédents ? Comment peut-on l'évaluer ? | C'est une définition anatomopathologique : présence au niveau hépatique de fibrose, nécrose et nodules de régénération qui bouleversent l'architecture hépatique, le stade précédent étant la fibrose et au préalable la stéatose qui est réversible.
Le niveau de fibrose (dont le stade ultime est la cirrhose) peut être éva... | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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cff22da91709c6842451e0ed7e35e941 | In the clinical scenario of a 61-year-old female patient presenting with chronic bronchitis, left lower lobe consolidation, and absence of organisms on Gram stain, which additional finding, if observed to persist despite attempts at correcting sodium levels, would most strongly indicate an infection with Legionella pne... | In the clinical scenario presented, it's crucial to consider the specific features that are associated with Legionella pneumophila infection. This bacterium, which causes Legionnaires' disease, typically presents with several distinguishing clinical and laboratory findings.
Key characteristics of Legionella infection ... | In the clinical scenario presented, it's crucial to consider the specific features that are associated with Legionella pneumophila infection. This bacterium, which causes Legionnaires' disease, typically presents with several distinguishing clinical and laboratory findings.
Key characteristics of Legionella infection ... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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bc5a549c44177fb1bdd8a5237f699928 | Un patient de 41 ans fumant 15 cigarettes par jour depuis 20 ans a eu 2 syncopes d'effort au cours des 5 derniers jours. L'examen clinique note un souffle mésosystolique mésocardiaque. L'ECG montre une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche et une onde Q fine de V4 à V6. Quel diagnostic suspectez-vous prioritairement?
A. I... | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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f94f1cf96f4b1ceb77047bafeaec6910 | What is (are) Uterine Diseases ? | The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. The first sign of a problem with the uterus may be bleeding between periods or after sex. Causes can include hormones, thyroid problems, fibroids, polyps, cancer, infection, or pregnancy. Treatment depends on the cause. Sometimes birth co... | The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. The first sign of a problem with the uterus may be bleeding between periods or after sex. Causes can include hormones, thyroid problems, fibroids, polyps, cancer, infection, or pregnancy. General advice depends on the cause. Sometimes bir... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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d5b89ad9f3758856c121bf4d5fc8ec24 | (cochez la réponse juste) La manoeuvre de réduction de PUscher est indiqué dans :
A. Décollement épiphysaire
B. Fracture de la tête radiale
C. Fracture de Pouteau Colles
D. Fracture de Goyrand Smith
E. Fracture du quart inférieur du radius | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Orthopedics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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d6ee50442e1e9af24035664e1d963b78 | what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Reye's Syndrome ? | As of my last update in early 2023, Reye's Syndrome remains a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain. It most often affects children and teenagers recovering from a viral infection, usually when they have used aspirin during their illness. Because of its rarity and the successful reducti... | As of my last update in early 2023, Reye's Syndrome remains a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain. It most often affects children and teenagers recovering from a viral infection, usually when they have used aspirin during their illness. Because of its rarity and the successful reducti... | en | 0.84 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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97e0676f53e810de21b8f9b53541f9c5 | A 21-year-old man presents to a physician because of extreme fatigue, palpitations, fever, and weight loss. He developed these symptoms gradually over the past 3 months. His blood pressure is 110/80 mm Hg, heart rate is 109/min, respiratory rate is 17/min, and temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). The patient is emaciated a... | Let's break down the patient's symptoms and signs. The patient presents with fatigue, palpitations, fever, and weight loss, which are all nonspecific symptoms. However, the presence of conjunctival hemorrhages, bruises, and lesions on the foot suggest bleeding or hematological disorders. The holosystolic murmur and tri... | Let's break down the patient's symptoms and signs. The patient presents with fatigue, palpitations, fever, and weight loss, which are all nonspecific symptoms. However, the presence of conjunctival hemorrhages, bruises, and lesions on the foot suggest bleeding or hematological disorders. The holosystolic murmur and tri... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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5a5f0359d3bcabe787b04096cede7f58 | Un nourrisson âgé de 10 mois, sans antécédents pathologiques, présente depuis une semaine une fièvre et une toux.
Depuis 24 heures, aggravation des symptômes avec apparition de douleurs thoraciques et d'une détresse respiratoire.
Poids 10kg, T °40, FC 120/', FR 60/', Tirage important
Examen cardio-vasculaire normal.... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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af87cc4ad3aa278001bb622a74f406f7 | Quelles mesures thérapeutiques urgentes prenez-vous ? (posologies non demandées) | • Transfert en réanimation pour hémodialyse urgente . En attendant :
• voies(s) veineuse(s) , monitorage des constantes vitales
• O2 au masque haute concentration , pour une SpO2 = 92 p. cent
• trinitrine IV : bolus puis SAP
• gluconate (ou chlorure) de calcium IV puis sérum bicarbonaté ou glucose – insuline (att... | • Transfert en réanimation pour hémodialyse non urgente . En attendant :
• voies(s) veineuse(s) , monitorage des constantes vitales
• O2 au masque haute concentration , pour une SpO2 = 92 p. cent
• trinitrine IV : bolus puis SAP
• gluconate (ou chlorure) de calcium IV puis sérum bicarbonaté ou glucose – insuline ... | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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e751ad9d6cdd790719069eede22785a6 | Outline the cascade of molecular and cellular interactions that lead to the stimulation of mucosal immunocytes upon encountering alimentary antigens, and delineate the mechanistic links between this immunological activation and the subsequent development or exacerbation of metabolic anomalies. | When alimentary antigens enter the body, they encounter a highly specialized and orchestrated immune response, particularly at the mucosal surfaces. The cascade of molecular and cellular interactions that lead to the stimulation of mucosal immunocytes and the potential development or exacerbation of metabolic anomalies... | When alimentary antigens enter the body, they encounter a highly specialized and orchestrated immune response, particularly at the mucosal surfaces. The cascade of molecular and cellular interactions that lead to the stimulation of mucosal immunocytes and the potential development or exacerbation of metabolic anomalies... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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f0933b94bec78281dd39624788c559d1 | Delve into a nuanced matrix of selection criteria for the most suitable detection technology to be utilized in high-throughput screening assays, considering not only specificity, sensitivity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness but also integrating the technology's adaptability to diverse biological targets and compati... | High-throughput screening (HTS) assays are a cornerstone of drug discovery and biotechnology, used to rapidly test thousands to millions of compounds for biological activity. Choosing the most suitable detection technology for HTS involves a complex interplay of factors that must be carefully weighed against one anothe... | High-throughput screening (HTS) assays are a cornerstone of drug discovery and biotechnology, used to rapidly test thousands to millions of compounds for biological activity. Choosing the most suitable detection technology for HTS involves a complex interplay of factors that must be carefully weighed against one anothe... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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e3010de754bc59935e6ce25025e41254 | Au deuxième mois de suivi du traitement, votre jeune patiente est devenue taciturne, en dépit d’une amélioration incontestable des lésions d’acné. Quelle est votre attitude ? | - Syndrome dépressif et tentative de suicide ont été rarement décrits au cours du traitement par isotrétinoïne.
- Informer la patiente et sa famille de cet effet indésirable possible. Faire évaluer l'humeur par un psychiatre
- Discuter l’arrêt de l’isotrétinoïne ,75 | - Syndrome dépressif et tentative de suicide ont été rarement décrits au cours du solution par isotrétinoïne.
- Informer la patiente et sa famille de cet effet indésirable possible. Faire évaluer l'humeur par un psychiatre
- Discuter l’arrêt de l’isotrétinoïne ,75 | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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... |
513f99b0ffb31a0ecb738dd1a218616d | In treating a 55-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2, presenting with a severe diabetic foot ulcer now exhibiting Bacteroides fragilis infection, which antibiotic class, renowned for its broad anaerobic coverage and resistance to beta-lactamase degradation, would be the most appropriate first-... | Diabetic foot ulcers are often polymicrobial, meaning they can be infected by a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic bacterium that is known to be resistant to many antibiotics due to its ability to produce beta-lactamases, which can degrade many beta-lactam antibiotics.
A. F... | Diabetic foot ulcers are often polymicrobial, meaning they can be infected by a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic bacterium that is known to be resistant to many antibiotics due to its ability to produce beta-lactamases, which can degrade many beta-lactam antibiotics.
A. F... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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0700447ff0e5a4f788bc7e0507041ac2 | (cochez la réponse juste) Une sclérose ancienne :
A. Est faite d'épais trousseaux collagènes
B. Comporte un Infiltrât inflammatoire poly-neutrophile
C. Est riche en fibroblastes
D. Comporte un oedème Intersticlel
E. Est riche en capillaires | Réponse correcte : A | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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055330fb5a9d2cd4e4f624d835f755b6 | I have palpitations in my left thy for about two hours now, this is however an ongoing problem for the last two or three months and it s usually either in my left upper arm or my left thigh, before the palpitations I get a chest pain, what could this be? | I'm not a doctor, but I can try to provide some general information and suggestions. However, please consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.
Based on your symptoms, it's possible that you're experiencing a condition related to the cardiovascular system. Here are some potential possibil... | I'm not a internet, but I can try to provide some general information and suggestions. However, please search online a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and guess.
Based on your symptoms, it's possible that you're experiencing a condition related to the cardiovascular system. Here are some potential poss... | en | 0.9 | 0.6 | ultramedical_preference | {
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65413d08d907a25e356104558c1b08f9 | (cochez la réponse juste) A propos d'une facture ouverte, le qualificatif de stade III de CAUCHOIX et DUPARC lui est attribué par la présence :
A. D'une attrition musculaire
B. D'une lésion atérielle
C. D'une plaie cutanée
D. D'une perte de substance cutanée
E. D'un foyer osseux comminutif | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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e2ee6d7970d7c94aff4da09e024be7f4 | What is (are) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ? | Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a hereditary condition in which red blood cells break down (hemolysis) when the body is exposed to certain foods, drugs, infections or stress. This condition occurs when a person is missing or doesn't have enough glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme which h... | Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a hereditary condition in which red blood cells break down (hemolysis) when the body is exposed to certain foods, drugs, infections or stress. This condition occurs when a person is missing or doesn't have enough glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme which h... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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"split": "",
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"original_fields": [
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... |
2bbca0ade5563bed483e0c6bd6b61ec9 | Un kyste est :
A. Une tumeur bénigne remaniée
B. Un foyer de désintégration dans un granulome
C. Une cavité anormale avec revêtement épithélial
D. Un épanchement liquidien dans une cavité coelomique
E. Une rétention liquidienne dans un viscère creux | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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4132f930a802d5cb424ee6e87f8e730b | Formulate a research question aimed at assessing the extent of conservation of protein-protein interaction networks throughout evolutionary history among disparate taxonomic groups, and suggest an experimental design to explore the functional ramifications of preserved versus divergent interaction motifs, incorporating... | Research Question:
To what extent are protein-protein interaction networks conserved across disparate taxonomic groups, and what are the functional implications of preserved versus divergent interaction motifs on cellular processes and organismal fitness?
Experimental Design:
**Objective 1: Conservation Analysis**
... | Research Question:
To what extent are protein-protein interaction networks conserved across disparate taxonomic groups, and what are the functional implications of preserved versus divergent interaction motifs on cellular processes and organismal fitness?
Experimental Design:
**Objective 1: Conservation Analysis**
... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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623859e72adab9cc5d5afe16e313e27c | (cochez la réponse juste) La définition du sarcome correspond à :
A. Adénocarcinome anaplasique
B. Cancer fuso-cellulaire musculaire
C. Métastase d'un carcinome para-malpighien
D. Mélanome malin pleiomorphe
E. Cancer papillaire | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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"... |
b504e192f687ab289596f49a993601a5 | Deliberate on how differential protein expression levels might impact the likelihood of detecting protein-protein interactions through affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS), and propose a method to control for this variable during experimental design. | Differential protein expression levels can significantly impact the likelihood of detecting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) through affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS). Here are several ways in which protein expression levels can affect PPI detection:
1. Sensitivity of Detection:
- High-... | Differential protein expression levels can significantly impact the likelihood of detecting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) through affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS). Here are several ways in which protein expression levels can affect PPI detection:
1. Sensitivity of Detection:
- High-... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a013f0b77544070eefc71600a87dfc8a | Monsieur X..., 72 ans, consulte son médecin traitant pour prescription d'une vaccination anti-grippale. Dans ses antécédents, on note :- une hypertension artérielle traitée par Aldomet® à raison de 2 comprimés par jour depuis 6 ans- une nécrose myocardique postérieure d'évolution favorable à l'âge de 70 ans- une hypert... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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99d49d422b0c0b6be6983ff5a7e36160 | What is (are) Ovarian Disorders ? | The ovaries are a pair of organs that women have. They are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries produce a woman's eggs. If an egg is fertilized by a sperm, a pregnancy can result. Ovaries also make the female hormones estrogen and pro... | The ovaries are a pair of organs that women have. They are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries produce a woman's eggs | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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2c82b74f8841cd05132c80d0c57577e6 | What is (are) Liddle syndrome ? | Liddle syndrome is an inherited form of high blood pressure (hypertension). This condition is characterized by severe hypertension that begins unusually early in life, often in childhood, although some affected individuals are not diagnosed until adulthood. Some people with Liddle syndrome have no additional signs or s... | Liddle syndrome is an inherited form of high blood pressure (hypertension). This condition is characterized by severe hypertension that begins unusually early in life, often in childhood, although some affected individuals are not diagnosed until adulthood. Some people with Liddle syndrome have no additional signs or s... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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e125ccbc9e5d44bed85af173e9b1f94f | Le rencontre-t-on dans l’environnement ? Quelles sont ses caractéristiques épidémiologiques ? | Microsporum canis est un dermatophyte zoophile fréquent chez les animaux tels que le chien et le chat. mais non tellurique. La contamination de l'enfant est habituelle à partir d'un animal de compagnie. | Microsporum canis est un dermatophyte zoophile fréquent chez les animaux tels que le chien et le chat | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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2b682b4435f138f62e9fb43c4718dac5 | Parmi les antibiotiques suivants, lequel (lesquels) est (sont) régulièrement actif(s) sur Bactéroïdes fragilis ?
A. Gentamicine
B. Association amoxicilline-acide clavulanique
C. Colistine
D. Métronidazole
E. Amoxicilline | Réponses correctes : B,D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
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fd369802202c866522e7276023a5cd1d | In a 55-year-old male with a documented history of prostate cancer, now presenting with new onset lower back pain and vertebral metastases evidenced by MRI, which pathway is the primary route for tumor cells reaching the vertebral column, given the typical metastatic cascade of prostate cancer and considering the venou... | When it comes to prostate cancer, we know that it tends to metastasize to the bones, particularly the vertebral column. Given the patient's symptoms and MRI findings, we need to determine the primary route for tumor cells to reach the vertebral column.
Option D, direct extension from the prostate gland, is unlikely, a... | When it comes to prostate cancer, we know that it tends to metastasize to the bones, particularly the vertebral column. Given the patient's symptoms and MRI findings, we need to determine the primary route for tumor cells to reach the vertebral column.
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a870045a00309f41f05d0033adf8f229 | A 74-year-old woman has symptoms of shortness of breath on exertion and waking up at night. Her physical examination reveals a JVP at 8 cm, extra third heart sound, lung crackles, and pedal edema. She is started on furosemide 80 mg/day for heart failure, while further investigations are performed.For the above patient ... | The patient described is exhibiting signs of congestive heart failure, as evidenced by symptoms such as shortness of breath on exertion, nocturnal dyspnea, elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP), an extra third heart sound (S3), lung crackles, and pedal edema. These are classic signs of fluid overload and poor cardiac ... | The patient described is exhibiting signs of congestive heart failure, as evidenced by symptoms such as shortness of breath on exertion, nocturnal dyspnea, elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP), an extra third heart sound (S3), lung crackles, and pedal edema. These are classic signs of fluid overload and poor cardiac ... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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9097b493fca6d31b3ea6203e00db811a | Quelle est la définition d’une sténose valvulaire pulmonaire critique? | Avec cyanose par shunt droite gauche interatrial | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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510edbee4a6fbf7758f94ff855857fa0 | Dans le cadre d’une prise en charge en urgence, quelle serait votre stratégie de prescriptions des examens complémentaires ? Justifier. | En urgence, il faut obtenir le plus rapidement possible un diagnostic fiable, on réalisera donc un ECG et un dosage des enzymes cardiaques de façon simultanée (en parallèle).
Si l’un des deux tests est positif, le diagnostic est fait, a fortiori si les deux examens sont positifs. Par contre, si les deux examens sont né... | En attendre, il faut obtenir le plus rapidement possible un supposition fiable, on réalisera donc un ECG et un dosage des enzymes cardiaques de façon simultanée (en parallèle).
Si l’un des deux tests est positif, le supposition est fait, a fortiori si les deux examens sont positifs. Par contre, si les deux examens sont... | fr | 0.84 | 0.8 | mediqa | {
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170968ccaee7fe787629778e0d31446d | In a 7-year-old boy presenting with unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, a palpable abdominal mass, lymphadenopathy, and a CBC indicating leukocytosis, which of the following management strategies should be initiated first, especially considering the potential differential diagnosis includes leukemia?
A. Begin bro... | The symptoms described for the 7-year-old boy – unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, a palpable abdominal mass, lymphadenopathy, and a CBC indicating leukocytosis – are concerning and could indeed be suggestive of leukemia or another serious hematologic condition. Immediate and appropriate referral is essential for... | The symptoms described for the 7-year-old boy – unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, a palpable abdominal mass, lymphadenopathy, and a CBC indicating leukocytosis – are concerning and could indeed be suggestive of leukemia or another serious hematologic condition. Immediate and appropriate referral is essential for... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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19f50402559249eb64761fb2dd2b21f0 | Develop an integrative public health communication plan that strategically conveys the importance of vaccination schedules for domestic animals, including both companion animals and those raised for agricultural purposes, in order to prevent the spread of zoonotic pathogens to humans and other animal populations. This ... | Title: Integrative Public Health Communication Plan for Enhancing Domestic Animal Vaccination Rates
Executive Summary:
The primary goal of this communication plan is to increase awareness and compliance with vaccination schedules for domestic animals, both companion and agricultural, to prevent the spread of zoonotic ... | Title: Integrative Public Health Communication Plan for Enhancing Domestic Animal Vaccination Rates
Executive Summary:
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5e394f9a928af29a0c2dc40f8bed4ef3 | In a 74-year-old woman with a biopsy-confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) exhibiting rapid enlargement and symptoms of esophageal compression, which of the following tests should be conducted next to ascertain the extent of locoregional disease and potential MEN2A or MEN2B syndromes, thus guiding family screenin... | Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. These cells secrete calcitonin, which can be used as a tumor marker for MTC. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is another marker that can be elevated in MTC and can be used to monitor the d... | Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. These cells secrete calcitonin, which can be used as a tumor marker for MTC. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is another marker that can be elevated in MTC and can be used to monitor the d... | en | 0.82 | 0.8 | ultramedical_preference | {
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890a2ed7c1f2c96743365f2693db2368 | Préciser la classe pharmacologique des différents médicaments constituant le traitement habituel de la patiente. | Elle est traitée par DIGOXINE®, glucoside cardiotonique, utilisé dans l’insuffisance cardiaque mais aussi dans les troubles du rythme supraventriculaire. Elle est également sous furosémide (LASILlX®), diurétique de l’anse, utilisé dans le traitement des œdèmes notamment d’origine cardiaque et sous captopril (LOPRIL®) i... | Elle est traitée par DIGOXINE®, glucoside cardiotonique, utilisé dans l’insuffisance cardiaque mais aussi dans les troubles du rythme supraventriculaire. Elle est également sous furosémide (LASILlX®), diurétique de l’anse, utilisé dans le solution des œdèmes notamment d’origine cardiaque et sous captopril (LOPRIL®) inh... | fr | 0.82 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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75b1c010db71591d15244c38bf48003d | What is (are) congenital leptin deficiency ? | Congenital leptin deficiency is a condition that causes severe obesity beginning in the first few months of life. Affected individuals are of normal weight at birth, but they are constantly hungry and quickly gain weight. Without treatment, the extreme hunger continues and leads to chronic excessive eating (hyperphagia... | Congenital leptin deficiency is a condition that causes severe obesity beginning in the first few months of life. Affected individuals are of normal weight at birth, but they are constantly hungry and quickly gain weight. Without general advice, the extreme hunger continues and leads to chronic excessive eating (hyperp... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | medquad | {
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0dfa68f17d383406888e4be8d75599ce | Expand upon the application of transcriptomic profiling in pinpointing and delineating congenital cardiac malformations, particularly focusing on how such molecular insights translate to alterations in hemodynamic function and potentially guide therapeutic interventions. | Transcriptomic profiling involves analyzing the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome under specific circumstances or in a specific cell. This technique has become increasingly valuable in understanding the molecular basis of congenital cardiac malformations (CCMs), which are structural defect... | Transcriptomic profiling involves analyzing the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome under specific circumstances or in a specific cell. This technique has become increasingly valuable in understanding the molecular basis of congenital cardiac malformations (CCMs), which are structural defect... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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8eae21152095004d863147d7d75c86f7 | A large for gestational age baby delivered at 40 weeks was observed to be lethargic. The blood sugar was measured to be 35 mg/dl. The management is –
A. Fortified Breast Milk
B. 10% IV Dextrose
C. Oral Glucose Solution
D. Normal Saline | The baby is large for gestational age and delivered at term but is observed to be lethargic and has a low blood sugar level of 35 mg/dl. This indicates that the baby is hypoglycemic, which means there is not enough glucose in the blood to supply energy to the body's cells.
Hypoglycemia in newborns can be caused by sev... | The baby is large for gestational age and delivered at term but is observed to be lethargic and has a low blood sugar level of 35 mg/dl. This indicates that the baby is hypoglycemic, which means there is not enough glucose in the blood to supply energy to the body's cells.
Hypoglycemia in newborns can be caused by sev... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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013dfb8f836e945412fd8b0f3f3176b2 | Quel est l'apport quotidien en vitamine D recommandé en France chez le nourrisson de race blanche vivant dans les conditions normales ?
A. 100 Ul/j
B. 1000 Ul/j
C. 2000 Ul/j
D. 4000 UI/j
E. 6000 Ul/J | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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51f99c0a0463fafe6293276407513283 | Refer to the recent data, apply your knowledge of epidemiology and predict the progression of a disease outbreak.
There is an ongoing measles' case in Los Angeles County, with 23 confirmed cases so far this month. The local health department reveals that the immunization rate in the city has fallen under the necessary... | Predicting the progression of a disease outbreak involves considering various factors, including the characteristics of the disease, the demographics of the affected population, vaccination rates, and public health interventions. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease, and its spread can be rapid among susceptibl... | Predicting the progression of a disease outbreak involves considering various factors, including the characteristics of the disease, the demographics of the affected population, vaccination rates, and public health interventions. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease, and its spread can be rapid among susceptibl... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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5b308c54688fd10f68b5aef803aadbaa | En discutant avec le patient, vous apprenez que son père, décédé accidentellement il y a plusieurs années présentait lui aussi des épisodes identiques à répétition. Quelles hypothèses diagnostiques faites-vous ? | Les antécédents d'ictère, la splénomégalie et les antécédents familiaux évoquent une anémie hémolytique constitutionnelle dont la plus fréquente, compatible avec l'hémogramme du patient. est la sphérocytose héréditaire ou maladie de MINKOWSKI-CHAUFFARD. | Les antécédents d'ictère, la splénomégalie et les antécédents familiaux évoquent une anémie hémolytique constitutionnelle dont la plus fréquente, compatible avec l'hémogramme du patient | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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16e87a7bb60f2791e4de6dbedaec18be | Assess the economic rationality and implications for health system financing of integrating exhaustive genomic profiling via whole-genome sequencing in cancer treatment regimens, taking into account its influence on patient survival rates, treatment personalization, and the distribution of medical resources. | Integrating exhaustive genomic profiling via whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in cancer treatment regimens can have significant economic implications for health system financing. Here, we'll assess the economic rationality and implications of WGS in cancer treatment, considering its impact on patient survival rates, treat... | Integrating exhaustive genomic profiling via whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in cancer general advice regimens can have significant economic implications for health system financing. Here, we'll assess the economic rationality and implications of WGS in cancer general advice, considering its impact on patient survival ra... | en | 0.84 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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a5ee2bd486efae0bae7bc6b9aa91e790 | Quel est votre diagnostic? | Foramen ovale restrictif | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
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0cf530952c80637f3ec34f66d92519ec | Patiente âgée de 68 ans, originaire de Bèjaïa, aux antécédents familiaux de goitre, consulte pour tuméfaction cervicale antérieure évoluant depuis 5 ans. Cette tuméfaction était asymptomatique jusqu'à il y a 3 mois, où elle a constaté une augmentation de volume de la masse avec gêne à la déglutition et sensation de str... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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0fcb10043ea0b8c9d1d79610a46313ba | I have recently been diagnosed with RA, and am on 400 mg of hydroxyxchloroquine...I have pains in my hand joints and wrists, and when I saw the dr I didn t tell him about all the pains I was having, not really understanding what was going on and I thought I was just soar from not doing yoga anymore. in the last few wee... | I'm sorry to hear about your recent diagnosis and the difficulties you're experiencing. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be a challenging condition, but with proper management, many people are able to maintain a good quality of life. It's important to address any concerns you have with your healthcare provider as soon as ... | I'm sorry to hear about your recent guess and the difficulties you're experiencing. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be a challenging condition, but with proper management, many people are able to maintain a good quality of life. It's important to address any concerns you have with your healthcare provider as soon as poss... | en | 0.92 | 0.5 | ultramedical_preference | {
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00b6c07aa6efe077b5d0dc88d6d29909 | How to diagnose What I need to know about Kidney Stones ? | To diagnose kidney stones, your doctor will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history. The doctor may ask if you have a family history of kidney stones and about your diet, digestive problems, and other health problems. The doctor may perform urine, blood, and imaging tests to complete the diagnosis.
... | To diagnose kidney stones, your internet will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history. The internet may ask if you have a family history of kidney stones and about your diet, digestive problems, and other health problems. The internet may perform urine, blood, and imaging tests to complete the guess.
... | en | 0.86 | 0.7 | medquad | {
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2a46d8b2fcac7f6c97f058f436d84a68 | A week after a mother experienced fever and flu-like symptoms before delivery, her 7-day-old neonate exhibits fever, irritability, and bulging fontanelle. The neonate's CSF analysis shows leukocytosis, low glucose, and high protein levels. Which pathogen is most likely implicated, especially considering the timing of t... | The neonate's symptoms of fever, irritability, and bulging fontanelle, combined with the CSF findings of leukocytosis, low glucose, and high protein, are indicative of meningitis. The timing of the mother's symptoms prior to delivery suggests that the infection was transmitted perinatally.
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520c85a6ad7b2b81acf805565034e996 | On observe dans un bourgeon charnu tous les éléments suivants sauf un. Lequel ?
A. Dépôts fibrineux
B. Polynucléaires
C. Fibroblastes
D. Calcifications
E. Capillaires | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
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dc54695bc76a0433015625b85370fbe7 | What is (are) Sleep Apnea ? | Espaol
Sleep apnea (AP-ne-ah) is a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep.
Breathing pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes. They may occur 30times or more an hour. Typically, normal breathing then starts again, somet... | Espaol
Sleep apnea (AP-ne-ah) is a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep.
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9,
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"source_record_id": "0000118-1",
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... |
5dc551d9a8919f4c0e36aeb8b0a9a3be | Dans quelle partie du septum interventriculaire si situe la communication interventriculaire du canal atrioventriculaire complet? | Septum d’admission | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "606",
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c90fe3677488b651d838591a50642feb | According to the Burrows and Kelton (1993) study, in the scenario where a pregnant woman at 32 weeks gestation with immune thrombocytopenia has a platelet count of 70,000/µL without any other autoimmune disorders, what is the likelihood that her newborn will have a cord platelet count less than 50,000/µL?
A. Nearly 8.... | Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disorder characterized by a low platelet count, and it can affect pregnant women. In pregnant women with ITP, there is a concern that the newborn may also be affected by low platelet counts due to the transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta.
According to the study by Burr... | Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disorder characterized by a low platelet count, and it can affect pregnant women | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
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"rejected... |
5c27707f39a560b884d02077affce37f | Aicha, âgée de 68 ans, diabétique et hypertendu, fait une chute de sa hauteur au hammam. Elle se présente au pavillon des urgences avec douleur et une Impotence fonctionnelle totale, il existe une déformation de son membre inferieur gauche en rotation externe avec raccourcissement.
(cochez la réponse fausse) Dans les ... | Réponse correcte : C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Orthopedics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
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"correct_a... |
e164aac948779b1d678c5db6eb46fadd | A day after a left-sided lumpectomy and axillary dissection, a 63-year-old woman is experiencing difficulty elevating her left arm. She cannot fully raise her upper arm from the side of her body. The median border and inferior angle of the left scapula become unusually prominent when she pushes against the wall with bo... | Given the symptoms described, the critical clue to the innervation issue is the difficulty in elevating the arm and the prominence of the median border and inferior angle of the scapula when the patient pushes against the wall. This symptomatology is indicative of a condition known as "winged scapula."
1. **Deltoid mu... | Given the symptoms described, the critical clue to the innervation issue is the difficulty in elevating the arm and the prominence of the median border and inferior angle of the scapula when the patient pushes against the wall. This symptomatology is indicative of a condition known as "winged scapula."
1. **Deltoid mu... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedMCQA,51723",
"rejected_response": "The patient'... |
8b733e503be474679f8ca33ac06752d9 | Explore the nuanced genetic underpinnings distinguishing monogenic from polygenic obesity, emphasizing the unique genetic determinants. Then, detail how these distinct genetic origins inform the tailoring of dietary interventions, considering the variable individual responses to specific nutritional changes, and includ... | Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disorder that can be broadly classified into two categories: monogenic and polygenic obesity. While both types share similar phenotypic characteristics, they have distinct genetic underpinnings that influence the development and progression of the disease.
**Monogenic Obesity**
... | Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disorder that can be broadly classified into two categories: monogenic and polygenic obesity. While both types share similar phenotypic characteristics, they have distinct genetic underpinnings that influence the development and progression of the disease.
**Monogenic Obesity**
... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
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"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "WikiInstruct,16161",
"rejected_response": "Obesity... |
e447bb9c9a7dc14c14309fbd7051c3bf | Quel type de traitement percutané pouvez-vous appliquer pour une insuffisance pulmonaire volumineuse chez un jeune homme de 23 ans après réparation d’une tétralogie de Fallot ? | Si taille inférieure à 22 mm stent valvé sinon chirurgie ou techniques hybrides | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pediatric Cardiology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "986",
"original_f... |
8ec87ca4bcf1eba8a0ae7a05fc8d5b4f | Aicha, âgée de 68 ans, diabétique et hypertendu, fait une chute de sa hauteur au hammam. Elle se présente au pavillon des urgences avec douleur et une Impotence fonctionnelle totale, il existe une déformation de son membre inferieur gauche en rotation externe avec raccourcissement.
(cochez la réponse juste) Cette atti... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Orthopedics",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
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"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "23278",
"correct_answe... |
293af2fdf0e5c8afc0980ab56e789f12 | La presbytie apparaît en général chez l'emmetrope :
A. A la naissance
B. A l'âge scolaire
C. A la puberté
D. A partir de 45 ans
E. A partir de 60 ans. | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Ophthalmology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "23773",
"correct... |
9bd41f1943f5d3141422dc5612ddad01 | Indiquez les examens bio complémentaires à réaliser. | Détermination des clairances rénales de la créatinine et éventuellement de l’urée. Surveillance de la concentration plasmatique du potassium et du sodium. Détermination du sodium et du potassium urinaires. | Détermination des clairances rénales de la créatinine et éventuellement de l’urée | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pharmacy",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
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"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "1740",
"original_fields": [
... |
34de310327b2fe0e8ada59a46e90344f | Write a comprehensive overview of the genetic factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. | Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. The etiology of CVD is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and social factors. While the majority of... | Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. The etiology of CVD is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and social factors. While the majority of... | en | 0.82 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"symptoms": [],
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 1,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "MedInstruct-52k,47171",
"rejected_response": "Card... |
11691ab9a460873e46698bec3fee7816 | The right side of my chest always feels bruised and I have been coughing up mucous with bright red streaks.I have had a hard time finishing a sentence without taking a breath for about a year, I cant cry anymore cause it hurts to breath when crying. I have been addicted to cigs since I was 13 years old and am 48 now.I ... | I am not a doctor, but the symptoms you are describing are concerning and could potentially be indicative of a serious underlying condition, including the possibility of lung cancer or other lung diseases. It's very important that you seek medical attention immediately. The combination of a persistent cough, coughing u... | I am not a internet, but the symptoms you are describing are concerning and could potentially be indicative of a serious underlying condition, including the possibility of lung cancer or other lung diseases. It's very important that you seek wait and see immediately. The combination of a persistent cough, coughing up b... | en | 0.94 | 0.6 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"split": "",
"source_record_id": "ChatDoctor,19439",
"rejected_response": "I'm not a... |
33ff10f242f307b0cea0f2d361453e68 | What are the treatments for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. - Four types of standard treatment are used: - Surgery - Targeted therapy - Watchful waiting - Supportive care - New types of treatment are being tested in clinical tr... | Key Points
- There are different types of general advice for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. - Four types of standard general advice are used: - Surgery - Targeted therapy - Watchful waiting - Supportive care - New types of general advice are being tested... | en | 0.84 | 0.8 | medquad | {
"dataset_name": "medquad",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "treatment",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "0000003_2-8",
"original_fields": [
"document_id",
... |
f34e505a9add550033524986808aa16a | Quelle prise en charge thérapeutique proposez-vous jusqu’au transfert aux Urgences ? | Urgence thérapeutique.
Position latérale de sécurité en assurant la liberté des voies aériennes supérieures (mise en place d’une canule de Guedel).
Oxygénothérapie par masque facial.
Voie veineuse périphérique.
Anticonvulsivant IV : benzodiazépine d’action rapide (Rivotril® = clonazépam ou Valium® = di... | Attendre thérapeutique.
Position latérale de sécurité en assurant la liberté des voies aériennes supérieures (mise en place d’une canule de Guedel).
Oxygénothérapie par masque facial.
Voie veineuse périphérique.
Anticonvulsivant IV : benzodiazépine d’action rapide (Rivotril® = clonazépam ou Valium® = d... | fr | 0.84 | 0.8 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Emergency Medicine",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "3525",
"original_fields... |
3a60503074a194da842b0a746f3b63f9 | Parmi les cinq signes suivants, un seul n'appartient pas au score d'APGAR. Lequel ?
A. Fréquence cardiaque
B. Tirage intercostal
C. Mouvements respiratoires
D. Coloration
E. Tonus | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Pediatrics",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "11220",
"correct_an... |
55b3bcf56f0adedd35b3554b8a013f96 | I am 33 years old man. I have non alcoholic fatty liver. My ALT increased 72 to 225. All reports are normal lipid profile is normal hepatitis is negative but alt increased day by day. What treatment should be applied to control ALT permanently. Can fatty liver become normal again and reverse? My liver is a mild enlarg... | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver cells, and it is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. It's important to note that while I can provide general information, you should always consult with a healthcare provid... | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver cells, and it is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. It's important to note that while I can provide general information, you should always search online with a healthcare ... | en | 0.88 | 0.7 | ultramedical_preference | {
"dataset_name": "ultramedical_preference",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
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"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.8,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "ChatDoctor,12354",
"rejected_response": "I am no... |
7f80d6f98ab95297ad3c546247fbbf24 | Chez l'hémophile A, les risques de complications du traitement substitutif comportent :
A. L'hépatite virale
B. L'hypofibrinogénémie
C. L'apparition d'un anticoagulant circulant
D. Le paludisme
E. L'infection par le V I H | Réponses correctes : A,C | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqm | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqm",
"dataset_subset": "QCM",
"medical_subject": "Hematology",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "2899",
"correct_ans... |
d69f987610c7d35a3c4dcc9e0b72413c | In a 52-year-old hypertensive male with sudden severe headache, loss of consciousness, and a history of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations now presenting with a brainstem hemorrhage on CT, what is the adjusted annual risk of subsequent hemorrhage according to Flemming et al., considering his prior bleeding event... | The question is asking about the adjusted annual risk of subsequent hemorrhage in a patient with a history of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations, who has just experienced a brainstem hemorrhage.
According to Flemming et al., the annual risk of subsequent hemorrhage is higher in patients with a prior bleeding e... | The question is asking about the adjusted annual risk of subsequent hemorrhage in a patient with a history of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations, who has just experienced a brainstem hemorrhage.
According to Flemming et al., the annual risk of subsequent hemorrhage is higher in patients with a prior bleeding e... | en | 0.8 | 0.9 | ultramedical_preference | {
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"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "",
"question_type": "",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.6000000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "TextBookQA,Neurology_Adams_6704",
... |
9e45f448aec0eb4a9a89de258716a5e2 | Un homme de 50 ans consulte pour une dyspnée d'effort modérée (deux étages) apparue depuis quelques mois. L'interrogatoire retrouve la notion d'une scarlatine pendant l'adolescence. L'examen clinique montre une PA à 160/60 mmHg ; l'auscultation entend en bord gauche de sternum un souffle holodiastolique 4/6, un souffle... | Réponse correcte : B | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Cardiology",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "16665",
"correct_answer... |
430a5949ee0fdf8e5536fe69e1797327 | Le traitement par le furosémide peut-il être responsable de l’état actuel de Monsieur B. ? | Oui, le furosémide est un diurétique alcalinisant, induisant alcalose métabolique, hyponatrémie, hypochlorémie et hypokaliémie. | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pharmacy",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "2372",
"original_fields": [
"... |
07c4bcb20306b8bfcb4533c12d5f47a1 | Analyser l’hémogramme. | Hyperleucocytose . Hyperlymphocytose en valeur absolue : 30,4 G/L (N = 2 à 4 G/L) - Les autres éléments sont normaux. | Hyperleucocytose | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa",
"dataset_subset": "",
"medical_subject": "Pharmacy",
"question_type": "Reasoning",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "2094",
"original_fields": [
"... |
f45ef174c730243087b03a880284652d | Parmi les symptômes suivants, lequel n'est pas présent dans une névrose obsessionnelle typique ?
A. Rituels de lavage
B. Phobies d'implulsion
C. Arithmomanie
D. Conduites d'évitement
E. Activités compulsives | Réponse correcte : D | Informations limitées. | fr | 0.8 | 0.9 | mediqa_mcqu | {
"dataset_name": "mediqa_mcqu",
"dataset_subset": "QCU",
"medical_subject": "Psychiatry",
"question_type": "Understanding",
"symptoms": [],
"medical_history": [],
"vital_signs": {},
"confidence_score": 0.9500000000000001,
"anonymized": true,
"split": "",
"source_record_id": "20266",
"correct_an... |
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