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Datasets:
SINAI
/
ALIA-es-cultural-heritage

Tasks:
Text Generation
Fill-Mask
Question Answering
Modalities:
Text
Formats:
parquet
Languages:
Spanish
Size:
100K - 1M
Tags:
cultural
heritage
spanish
culture
humanities
corpus
Libraries:
Datasets
pandas
Polars
License:
Dataset card Data Studio Files
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Upload ALIA Spanish Cultural corpus

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+ ---
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+ license: cc-by-sa-4.0
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+ language:
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+ - es
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+ tags:
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+ - cultural
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+ - heritage
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+ - spanish
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+ - culture
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+ - humanities
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+ - corpus
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+ - nlp
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 100K<n<1M
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+ task_categories:
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+ - text-generation
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+ - fill-mask
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+ - question-answering
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+ - text-classification
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Dataset Introduction
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+
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+ The **ALIA Spanish Cultural and Heritage Corpus** is a strategic open data infrastructure designed to support research and innovation in digital humanities, cultural analytics, and Spanish-language NLP. It consolidates heterogeneous official and academic repositories into a single curated dataset, enabling broad and structured access to cultural heritage documentation from Spain. With **236,399 instances**, **946,467,028 tokens** and **102 source datasets**, it provides a robust foundation for developing domain-specialized language technologies in the cultural heritage field.
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+
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+ ## Dataset Details
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+
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+ ### Dataset Description
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+
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+ The **ALIA Spanish Cultural and Heritage Corpus** is an open-access data resource that compiles and organizes a large-scale collection of cultural heritage documents in Spanish. It integrates heritage inventories, specialized journals, archival records, institutional publications, and descriptive resources about tangible and intangible heritage.
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+
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+ The corpus was designed to provide a homogeneous and reusable textual base for researchers in digital humanities, cultural institutions, archivists, historians, linguists, and AI practitioners. Its breadth supports both documentary exploration and computational workflows such as semantic retrieval, topic discovery, terminology extraction, and language model adaptation.
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+
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+ The processed version of the corpus currently includes **236,399 instances** and **946,467,028 tokens**, distributed across **102 source datasets**. This scale and heterogeneity make it an important resource for building and evaluating NLP systems focused on cultural heritage narratives, historical discourse, and institutional documentation in Spanish.
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+
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+ ### Uses
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+
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+ The primary purpose of this corpus is to support training and evaluation of language technologies specialized in Spanish cultural heritage, including:
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+
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+ - Training large language models (LLMs) specialized in cultural heritage text.
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+ - Heritage-oriented information retrieval systems.
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+ - Question-answering systems over cultural and historical documentation.
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+ - NLP research in digital humanities and institutional heritage archives.
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+
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+ ## Dataset Structure
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+
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+ ### Data Instances
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+
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+ Each instance in the corpus follows this structure:
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+
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+ ``` json
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+ {
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+ "id": "19467",
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+ "text": "El 'Castillo de Jaén' es, en realidad, un conjunto de tres castillos o fortalezas que conforman un gran recinto, que ocupa casi toda la alargada cima del Cerro de Santa Catalina, situado, en su parte sur-occidental, junto a la ciudad española de Jaén, comunidad autónoma de Andalucía...",
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+ "source_id": "Wikipedia_Cultura_España",
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Data Fields
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+
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+ - **id** (string): Document identifier extracted from the source (in many sources it corresponds to the document title or record identifier).
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+ - **text** (string): Cleaned textual content of the document.
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+ - **source_id** (string): Source dataset of origin.
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+
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+ ### Data Splits
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+
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+ The complete dataset contains the following source datasets with their statistics, sorted by number of tokens:
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+
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+ | Dataset | Num Tokens | Num Instances | Tokens Percentage | Instances Percentage |
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+ | :--- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
71
+ | [Revistas_Culturales_Biblioteca_Virtual_Prensa_Historica](https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/arce/es/micrositios/inicio.do) | 262,539,044 | 3,079 | 27.7388% | 1.3025% |
72
+ | [Wikipedia_Cultura_España](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categoría:Cultura_de_España) | 109,529,621 | 92,044 | 11.5725% | 38.9359% |
73
+ | [Revistas_CSIC](https://revistas.csic.es/) | 80,141,134 | 5,086 | 8.4674% | 2.1514% |
74
+ | [Revista_Hidalguia](https://www.revistahidalguia.es/) | 34,552,535 | 347 | 3.6507% | 0.1468% |
75
+ | [Revistas_Instituto_Andaluz_Patrimonio_Historico](https://www.iaph.es/revistaph/index.php/revistaph) | 26,463,170 | 4,427 | 2.7960% | 1.8727% |
76
+ | [Repositorio_Activos_Digitales_Andalucia](https://repositorio.iaph.es/simple-search) | 25,072,951 | 1,470 | 2.6491% | 0.6218% |
77
+ | [Revista_Folklore](https://funjdiaz.net/folklore/index_listado.php?an=2025) | 20,532,402 | 408 | 2.1694% | 0.1726% |
78
+ | [Tabula](https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/cultura/tabula/simple-search?query=) | 19,345,563 | 1,826 | 2.0440% | 0.7724% |
79
+ | [Revista_Memoria_Ecclesiae](https://scrinia.org/publicaciones/memoria/) | 16,257,174 | 81 | 1.7177% | 0.0343% |
80
+ | [Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Patrimonio_Mueble](https://guiadigital.iaph.es/busqueda/mueble/*:*) | 13,558,785 | 78,148 | 1.4326% | 33.0577% |
81
+ | [Revista_En_La_España_Medieval](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/elem) | 13,095,998 | 742 | 1.3837% | 0.3139% |
82
+ | [Revista_Complutum](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL) | 12,871,996 | 708 | 1.3600% | 0.2995% |
83
+ | [Revista_Signa](https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/signa) | 12,727,638 | 1,230 | 1.3448% | 0.5203% |
84
+ | [Revista_Baetica](https://revistas.uma.es/index.php/baetica) | 12,691,369 | 1,030 | 1.3409% | 0.4357% |
85
+ | [Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Patrimonio_Inmueble](https://guiadigital.iaph.es/busqueda/inmueble/*:*) | 12,156,307 | 18,287 | 1.2844% | 7.7357% |
86
+ | [Revista_Arte_Individuo_Y_Sociedad](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARIS) | 12,009,920 | 1,168 | 1.2689% | 0.4941% |
87
+ | [Libros_Instituto_Geografico_Nacional](https://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/publicaciones-boletines-y-libros-digitales/) | 11,046,546 | 82 | 1.1671% | 0.0347% |
88
+ | [Revista_Hipogrifo](https://www.revistahipogrifo.com/index.php/hipogrifo) | 10,902,761 | 1,082 | 1.1519% | 0.4577% |
89
+ | [Revista_Cuadernos_De_Ilustracion_Y_Romanticismo](https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/cir) | 10,651,320 | 798 | 1.1254% | 0.3376% |
90
+ | [Revista_Cuadernos_De_Historia_Moderna](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/chmo) | 10,003,156 | 876 | 1.0569% | 0.3706% |
91
+ | [Revista_Ilu](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ILUR) | 8,293,223 | 773 | 0.8762% | 0.3270% |
92
+ | [Revista_Lucentum](https://lucentum.ua.es/issue/archive) | 8,063,553 | 389 | 0.8520% | 0.1646% |
93
+ | [Revista_Cuadernos_De_Historia_Contemporanea](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/chco) | 8,029,086 | 834 | 0.8483% | 0.3528% |
94
+ | [Revistas_Cultura_Jaume_I](https://www.uji.es/serveis/scp/base/publ/proser/revistes/) | 7,792,816 | 631 | 0.8234% | 0.2669% |
95
+ | [Publicaciones_Patrimonio_Subdireccion_Defensa](https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/) | 7,569,501 | 77 | 0.7998% | 0.0326% |
96
+ | [Revista_Saguntum](https://turia.uv.es/index.php/saguntum) | 7,390,053 | 539 | 0.7808% | 0.2280% |
97
+ | [Patrimonio_Anales_De_Historia_Del_Arte](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ANHA/issue/archive) | 7,350,468 | 716 | 0.7766% | 0.3029% |
98
+ | [Revista_Cuadernos_De_Prehistoria_Y_Arqueologia](https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/cpag/issue/archive) | 7,088,588 | 429 | 0.7490% | 0.1815% |
99
+ | [Revista_Investigaciones_De_Historia_Economica](https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/IHE/issue/archive) | 7,078,046 | 814 | 0.7478% | 0.3443% |
100
+ | [Patrimonio_Arqueologia_Y_Territorio_Medieval](https://revistaselectronicas.ujaen.es/index.php/ATM) | 6,861,392 | 373 | 0.7249% | 0.1578% |
101
+ | [BOE_Patrimonio](https://www.boe.es/biblioteca_juridica/index.php?tipo=C&modo=2) | 6,703,747 | 8 | 0.7083% | 0.0034% |
102
+ | [Revista_El_Futuro_Del_Pasado](https://revistas.usal.es/uno/index.php/1989-9289/issue/archive) | 6,247,979 | 14 | 0.6601% | 0.0059% |
103
+ | [Revista_Investigaciones_Historicas_Epoca_Moderna_Y_Contemporanea](https://revistas.uva.es/index.php/invehisto/es/index) | 5,578,182 | 478 | 0.5894% | 0.2022% |
104
+ | [Patrimonio_Boletin_De_Literatura_Oral](https://revistaselectronicas.ujaen.es/index.php/blo) | 5,328,499 | 266 | 0.5630% | 0.1125% |
105
+ | [Tesis_Palacios](https://www.patrimonionacional.es/coleccion/archivo-general-de-palacio/enlaces/archivos-y-otros-centros-de-investigacion#Tesis%20digitalizadas%20sobre%20fondos%20documentales%20del%20Archivo%20General%20de%20Palacio:) | 5,141,310 | 10 | 0.5432% | 0.0042% |
106
+ | [Revista_Castilla](https://revistas.uva.es/index.php/castilla/es) | 5,020,526 | 578 | 0.5304% | 0.2445% |
107
+ | [Revista_Studia_Aurea](https://studiaaurea.com/index) | 5,005,694 | 335 | 0.5289% | 0.1417% |
108
+ | [Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Patrimonio_Inmaterial](https://guiadigital.iaph.es/busqueda/inmaterial/*:*) | 4,902,654 | 1,845 | 0.5180% | 0.7805% |
109
+ | [Revista_Estudios_Romanicos](https://revistas.um.es/estudiosromanicos) | 4,806,804 | 515 | 0.5079% | 0.2179% |
110
+ | [Revista_Pasavento](https://erevistas.publicaciones.uah.es/ojs/index.php/pasavento/index) | 4,594,416 | 453 | 0.4854% | 0.1916% |
111
+ | [Revista_Paleohispanica](https://ifc-ojs.es/index.php/palaeohispanica) | 4,331,377 | 333 | 0.4576% | 0.1409% |
112
+ | [Revista_Acotaciones](https://www.resad.com/Acotaciones.new/index.php/ACT/) | 4,261,752 | 504 | 0.4503% | 0.2132% |
113
+ | [Revista_Cauriensia](https://www.cauriensia.es/index.php/cauriensia) | 4,079,146 | 367 | 0.4310% | 0.1552% |
114
+ | [Revista_Anuario_Lope_De_Vega](https://revistes.uab.cat/anuariolopedevega/index) | 3,967,112 | 409 | 0.4192% | 0.1730% |
115
+ | [Revista_Panta_Rei](https://revistas.um.es/pantarei) | 3,606,096 | 281 | 0.3810% | 0.1189% |
116
+ | [Revista_Janus](https://revistas.udc.es/index.php/janusdigital/about) | 3,486,313 | 218 | 0.3684% | 0.0922% |
117
+ | [Revista_Rubrica_Contemporanea](https://revistes.uab.cat/rubrica/index) | 3,380,441 | 232 | 0.3572% | 0.0981% |
118
+ | [Revista_Quiroga](https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/quiroga/issue/archive) | 3,252,848 | 379 | 0.3437% | 0.1603% |
119
+ | [Revista_Brumal](https://revistes.uab.cat/brumal/index) | 3,191,857 | 181 | 0.3372% | 0.0766% |
120
+ | [Revista_Edad_Media](https://revistas.uva.es/index.php/edadmedia/es) | 2,908,244 | 319 | 0.3073% | 0.1349% |
121
+ | [Revista_Saitabi](https://turia.uv.es/index.php/saitabi/index) | 2,760,118 | 189 | 0.2916% | 0.0799% |
122
+ | [Revista_Anales_De_Arqueologia_Cordobesa](https://journals.uco.es/anarcor/issue/archive/) | 2,741,395 | 170 | 0.2896% | 0.0719% |
123
+ | [Revista_Anuario_Calderoniano](https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/acal/index) | 2,477,230 | 267 | 0.2617% | 0.1129% |
124
+ | [Publicaciones_Patrimonio_Cultural_Madrid](https://www.comunidad.madrid/publicamadrid?f%5B0%5D=consejeria%3A%22Consejer%C3%ADa%20de%20Cultura%2C%20Turismo%20y%20Deporte%22&f%5B1%5D=is_version_digital%3A%221%22&page=0) | 2,464,665 | 43 | 0.2604% | 0.0182% |
125
+ | [Revista_Edad_De_Oro](https://revistas.uam.es/edadoro/issue/archive) | 2,323,803 | 237 | 0.2455% | 0.1003% |
126
+ | [Revista_Aragon_En_La_Edad_Media](https://papiro.unizar.es/ojs/index.php/aem/index) | 2,282,252 | 120 | 0.2411% | 0.0508% |
127
+ | [Revista_Santander_Estudios_Patrimonio](https://santanderestudiospatrimonio.unican.es/index.php/sanespat/index) | 2,151,563 | 134 | 0.2273% | 0.0567% |
128
+ | [Revista_Molinum](https://www.molinologia.es/s/acem/page/molinum) | 2,150,286 | 24 | 0.2272% | 0.0102% |
129
+ | [Revista_Electronica_Complutense_De_Investigacion_En_Educacion_Musical](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RECI) | 2,129,571 | 158 | 0.2250% | 0.0668% |
130
+ | [Revista_Escritura_Imagen](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ESIM) | 2,007,655 | 218 | 0.2121% | 0.0922% |
131
+ | [Patrimonio_Cuadernos_De_Arte_Prehistorico](https://www.revistacuadernosdearteprehistorico.com/index.php/cdap) | 1,934,449 | 127 | 0.2044% | 0.0537% |
132
+ | [Revista_MuseosEs](https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/museos/mc/mes/portada.html) | 1,737,966 | 8 | 0.1836% | 0.0034% |
133
+ | [Revista_Potestas](https://www.e-revistes.uji.es/index.php/potestas) | 1,668,484 | 129 | 0.1763% | 0.0546% |
134
+ | [Revista_Eikon](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/EIKO/index) | 1,639,156 | 136 | 0.1732% | 0.0575% |
135
+ | [Revista_UcoArte](https://journals.uco.es/ucoarte/issue/archive) | 1,638,460 | 140 | 0.1731% | 0.0592% |
136
+ | [Revista_De_Medio_Aevo](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/DMAE) | 1,506,558 | 115 | 0.1592% | 0.0486% |
137
+ | [Revista_Imago](https://turia.uv.es/index.php/IMAGO) | 1,437,216 | 175 | 0.1519% | 0.0740% |
138
+ | [Revista_Pygmalion](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/PYGM) | 1,385,374 | 230 | 0.1464% | 0.0973% |
139
+ | [Revista_Historia_Social_Y_De_La_Educacion](https://hipatiapress.com/hpjournals/index.php/hse/issue/archive) | 1,381,186 | 113 | 0.1459% | 0.0478% |
140
+ | [Revista_Amaltea](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ANHA/issue/archive) | 1,260,417 | 126 | 0.1332% | 0.0533% |
141
+ | [Patrimonio_Castilla_Y_Leon](https://patrimoniocultural.jcyl.es/web/es/patrimonio-bienes-culturales/catalogo-bienes-culturales.html) | 1,189,827 | 1,049 | 0.1257% | 0.4437% |
142
+ | [Revista_ReVisiones](https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/REVI) | 1,172,930 | 150 | 0.1239% | 0.0635% |
143
+ | [Actas_De_Arquitectura_Religiosa_Contemporanea](https://revistas.udc.es/index.php/aarc/index) | 1,147,371 | 145 | 0.1212% | 0.0613% |
144
+ | [Revista_Estudis](https://turia.uv.es/index.php/estudis) | 1,127,559 | 105 | 0.1191% | 0.0444% |
145
+ | [Revista_ASRI](https://revistaasri.com/index) | 1,118,663 | 102 | 0.1182% | 0.0431% |
146
+ | [Revista_El_Pajaro_De_Benin](https://revistascientificas.us.es/index.php/pajaro_benin) | 929,162 | 69 | 0.0982% | 0.0292% |
147
+ | [Revista_Ad_Limina](https://www.caminodesantiago.gal/es/conocimiento-e-investigacion/ad-limina) | 878,163 | 7 | 0.0928% | 0.0030% |
148
+ | [Revista_Andelma](https://www.revistaandelma.es/index.php/andelma/) | 858,942 | 168 | 0.0908% | 0.0711% |
149
+ | [Revista_AusArt](https://ojs.ehu.eus/index.php/ausart/) | 841,225 | 107 | 0.0889% | 0.0453% |
150
+ | [Revista_Otarq](http://revistas.jasarqueologia.es/index.php/otarq/issue/archive) | 797,772 | 4 | 0.0843% | 0.0017% |
151
+ | [Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Lamparas](https://www.mtiblog.com/) | 712,411 | 6 | 0.0753% | 0.0025% |
152
+ | [Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Acopios](https://mti-acopios.blogspot.com/) | 664,062 | 13 | 0.0702% | 0.0055% |
153
+ | [Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Hastial](https://mti-hastial.blogspot.com/) | 654,350 | 10 | 0.0691% | 0.0042% |
154
+ | [Revista_Sarmental](https://revistas.ubu.es/sarmental/issue/archive) | 538,358 | 42 | 0.0569% | 0.0178% |
155
+ | [Ministerio_De_Cultura_Patrimonio_Filmoteca_Española](https://catalogos.cultura.gob.es/RAFI/cgi-rafi/abnetopac/) | 506,171 | 3,177 | 0.0535% | 1.3439% |
156
+ | [Bienes_Culturales_Castilla_LaMancha](https://cultura.castillalamancha.es/patrimonio/catalogo-patrimonio-cultural) | 440,081 | 628 | 0.0465% | 0.2657% |
157
+ | [Revista_Riparia](https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/sig/issue/archive) | 406,607 | 44 | 0.0430% | 0.0186% |
158
+ | [Mineralogia_Topologia_Iberica_Amalgama](https://mti-amalgama.blogspot.com/) | 318,606 | 45 | 0.0337% | 0.0190% |
159
+ | [Patrimonio_Cultural_Inmaterial_Comunidades_Autonomas](https://www.portalinmaterial.cultura.gob.es/pci-ccaa.html) | 259,436 | 168 | 0.0274% | 0.0711% |
160
+ | [Revista_Buñueliana](https://papiro.unizar.es/ojs/index.php/bunuel/es/index) | 241,062 | 27 | 0.0255% | 0.0114% |
161
+ | [Revista_Crater](https://revistascientificas.us.es/index.php/crater/index) | 210,400 | 20 | 0.0222% | 0.0085% |
162
+ | [Patrimonio_Cataluña](https://patrimoni.gencat.cat/es/descubre/busca) | 140,534 | 331 | 0.0148% | 0.1400% |
163
+ | [Obras_Singulares_Museos_Andalucia](https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/culturaydeporte/areas/cultura/museos-arte/fondos-museisticos.html) | 140,268 | 368 | 0.0148% | 0.1557% |
164
+ | [Guia_Digital_Patrimonio_Andalucia_Paisaje_Cultural](https://guiadigital.iaph.es/busqueda/paisaje/*:*) | 109,668 | 116 | 0.0116% | 0.0491% |
165
+ | [Ministerio_De_Cultura_Patrimonio_Audiovisual_Cine_Español](https://sede.mcu.gob.es/CatalogoICAA) | 25,115 | 167 | 0.0027% | 0.0706% |
166
+ | [UNESCO](https://www.unesco.org/es) | 17,011 | 70 | 0.0018% | 0.0296% |
167
+ | [Somos_Patrimonio](http://www.somospatrimonio.es/patrimonio/) | 9,318 | 48 | 0.0010% | 0.0203% |
168
+ | [Adquisiciones_Archivo_Historico](https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/archivos/informacion-general/adquisiciones-donaciones/portada-adquisiciones-donaciones.html) | 9,236 | 25 | 0.0010% | 0.0106% |
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+ | [Fiestas_Patrimoniales](https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimonio-inmaterial/elementos-declarados/lista.html) | 8,755 | 19 | 0.0009% | 0.0080% |
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+ | [Patrimonio_Cultural_Inmaterial_España](https://www.portalinmaterial.cultura.gob.es/pci-nacional.html) | 6,519 | 13 | 0.0007% | 0.0055% |
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+ | [Patrimonio_Cultural_Inmaterial_UNESCO](https://www.portalinmaterial.cultura.gob.es/pci-unesco.html) | 652 | 1 | 0.0001% | 0.0004% |
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+ | **TOTAL** | **946,467,028** | **236,399** | **100.0000%** | **100.0000%** |
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+
174
+ ### Example Usage
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+
176
+ To load the dataset:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from datasets import load_dataset
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+
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+ # Load the complete dataset
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+ data = load_dataset("SINAI/ALIA-es-cultural", trust_remote_code=True)
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+
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+ # Load with streaming
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+ stream_data = load_dataset("SINAI/ALIA-es-cultural", trust_remote_code=True, streaming=True)
186
+ ```
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+
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+ Example of data access:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ example = data["train"][0]
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+ print(f"ID: {example["id"]}")
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+ print(f"Source: {example["source_id"]}")
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+ print(f"Tokens: {example["tokens"]}")
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+ print(f"Text: {example["text"][:200]}...")
196
+ ```
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+
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+ ## Dataset Creation
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+
200
+ ### Curation Rationale
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+
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+ This corpus was created to address the need for large, structured, and legally reusable linguistic resources in the cultural heritage domain in Spanish. It supports the ALIA initiative by providing a curated documentary foundation for training AI models and conducting computational analysis of cultural assets, historical publications, and institutional heritage records.
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+
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+ ### Source Data
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+
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+ The corpus integrates documentation from multiple publicly accessible repositories, including:
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+
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+ #### Heritage Inventories and Catalogs
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+ - Regional and national heritage inventories (e.g., Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Cataluña).
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+ - Digital guides of Andalusian property heritage (movable, immovable, intangible heritage, and cultural landscapes).
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+ - Intangible cultural heritage portals (national, autonomous communities, and UNESCO-oriented records).
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+
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+ #### Institutional and Public Heritage Repositories
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+ - Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico (IAPH) repositories and publications.
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+ - Public digital publications on heritage and culture (including Ministry of Defense heritage publications).
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+ - Specialized resources such as archival works and acquisitions.
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+
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+ #### Academic Journals and Humanities Publications
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+ - Broad collections of peer-reviewed journals and historical/cultural periodicals (e.g., Revistas CSIC, Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica cultural magazines, archaeology and history journals).
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+ - Thematic journals covering art history, archaeology, medieval studies, folklore, philology, cultural studies, and conservation.
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+
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+ #### Audiovisual and Documentary Heritage
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+ - Spanish audiovisual heritage records (ICAA catalog resources and Filmoteca Española-related material).
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+ - Documentary and bibliographic heritage references from institutional collections.
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+
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+ #### Open Knowledge and Reference Resources
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+ - Cultural heritage content from Spanish Wikipedia and complementary reference repositories.
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+ - UNESCO-related and dissemination-oriented heritage resources.
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+
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+ All data come from official, institutional, academic, or publicly accessible sources.
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+
232
+ ### Data Collection and Processing
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+
234
+ The current corpus version was processed with an advanced documento parsing tool [MinerU](https://opendatalab.github.io/MinerU/) and a cleaning methodology based on [datatrove](https://github.com/huggingface/datatrove). The processing pipeline includes the following steps:
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+
236
+ **Step 1: Source consolidation and normalization**
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+ - Integration of heterogeneous source formats into a unified schema.
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+ - Normalization of identifiers and source tags.
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+
240
+ **Step 2: Language and quality filtering**
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+ - Selection and preservation of Spanish textual content.
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+ - Basic quality checks to remove malformed records.
243
+
244
+ **Step 3: Deduplication and cleaning**
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+ - Reduction of repeated or highly similar content.
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+ - Text cleaning and standardization for downstream NLP usage.
247
+
248
+ **Step 4: Quality filters and final cleaning**
249
+ - Application of multiple specialized filters
250
+ - Correction of encoding errors
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+ - Removal of sensitive or identifiable information
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+
253
+ Token counting was performed using [tiktoken](https://github.com/openai/tiktoken).
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+
255
+ Final corpus size in the latest parquet release:
256
+ - **Tokens:** 946,467,028
257
+ - **Instances:** 236,399
258
+ - **Sources:** 102
259
+
260
+ ### Annotations
261
+
262
+ The dataset does not provide task-specific manual annotations. It contains structural metadata fields generated during collection and preprocessing.
263
+
264
+ ### Personal and Sensitive Information
265
+
266
+ The corpus is assembled from public sources and has undergone processing steps oriented to large-scale textual reuse. Some documents may still contain personal names or role references appearing in public institutional or academic official contexts. Users are advised to apply additional controls depending on the specific use of the corpus.
267
+
268
+ ## Considerations for Using the Data
269
+
270
+ ### Social Impact of Dataset
271
+
272
+ This corpus contributes to democratizing access to cultural heritage documentation in Spanish. It can support AI systems for heritage dissemination, documentation support, educational access, and research acceleration in humanities and social sciences.
273
+
274
+ ### Discussion of Biases
275
+
276
+ Potential biases include:
277
+
278
+ - **Institutional register bias:** The corpus is dominated by formal and academic language, not colloquial speech.
279
+ - **Source concentration bias:** A reduced number of high-volume sources contributes a substantial share of total tokens.
280
+ - **Regional representation bias:** Coverage depends on digitization and publication practices across institutions and territories.
281
+ - **Historical and editorial bias:** Heritage narratives may reflect dominant historiographic, institutional, or curatorial perspectives.
282
+
283
+ ### Other Known Limitations
284
+
285
+ - Source OCR and digitization quality may vary across collections.
286
+ - Temporal coverage is uneven across source datasets.
287
+ - Some records include highly structured or catalog-like text that may differ from narrative prose.
288
+ - Token and source statistics are specific to the current enriched parquet release and may change in future updates.
289
+
290
+ ### Citation
291
+ ```bibtex
292
+ @misc{ALIA-es-cultural,
293
+ title={ALIA Spanish Cultural and Heritage Corpus},
294
+ author={SINAI Research Group},
295
+ year={2026},
296
+ publisher={HuggingFace},
297
+ howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/SINAI/ALIA-es-cultural}}
298
+ }
299
+ ```
300
+
301
+ ---
302
+
303
+ ### Funding
304
+ This work is funded by the Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública - Funded by EU – NextGenerationEU within the framework of the project [ALIA](https://alia.gob.es).
305
+
306
+ ### Acknowledgments
307
+ This dataset has been generated thanks to [CEATIC](https://www.ujaen.es/centros/ceatic/) (Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación) – [UJA](http://www.ujaen.es/) (Universidad de Jaén) which provided the needed computational resources on its clusters.
308
+
309
+ ---
310
+
311
+ **Contact:** [ALIA Project](https://www.alia.gob.es/) - [SINAI Research Group](https://sinai.ujaen.es) - [Universidad de Jaén](https://www.ujaen.es/)
312
+
313
+ **More Information:** [SINAI Research Group](https://sinai.ujaen.es) | [ALIA-UJA Project](https://github.com/sinai-uja/ALIA-UJA)