title: Smooth edge surrounding without specifying control points

text: I'm trying to build a curved edge from s to a named x and a curved edge from s to b named y. Beside the problem to >>curve<< them properly i want to give them a background like in this question or in this picture ![picture](http://i.stack.imgur.com/mYmF2.png).               \documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{automata,positioning,arrows,matrix,backgrounds}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture} [->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,auto,node distance=2.5cm,thick,main node/.style={circle,fill=gray!25,draw,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries}]              \node[main node] (1)                    {$s$};         \node[main node] (2) [below of=1]       {a};         \node[main node] (3) [ right of=2]      {b};         \node[main node] (4) [below of=2]       {$t$};              \path[every node/.style={font=\sffamily\small}]         (2)     edge [bend left=50]     node    {$r^{-1}$}  (3)         (3) edge [bend left=50,dashed]  node    {$r$}       (2);              \draw (1)       .. controls +(1, -1)    and +(-1, 1) .. (2) node[midway,above left] {$x$};         \draw (1) [dashed]  .. controls (1, 2)  and (2,0) ..        (3) node[midway,right]      {$y$};              % \draw background here ???!          \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      i tried many things like in the linked question but can't get a good solution. any advice? in the end it should like like in this picture: ![][3]


title: Can bibtex fields be referenced like variables?

text: Can I revise the following bibtex entry to avoid duplicating the author's name, without defining a @string?               @misc{key,         author = "Joe Blogs",         title = "Title",         year = "2014",         note = "Joe Blogs ...."     }      I know I can do the following:               @string { Blogs = "Joe Blogs" }           @misc{key,         author = Blogs,         title = "Title",         year = "2014",         note = Blogs # " ...."     }      But this seems like overkill, because I have to define Blogs using @string. Given that I have already defined "Joe Blogs" as the author field of "key", can I somehow reference the existing value? **UPDATE.** I'm looking for 'standard' solutions, i.e., solutions which work with the bibtex tool, so LaTeX solutions are interesting, but no use to me. (I'm not actually using the bibtex tool, I'm using a PHP bibtex parser. But this is largely irrelevant for the purposes of this question, since the PHP bibtex parser I'm using is designed to the same specification as the bibtex tool.) **Answer.** The answer appears to be **no** : bibtex fields _cannot_ be referenced like variables.


title: Coding Dot Diagrams

text: Is there a way to code a group of dots, where by "group of dots" I mean a solid (or dashed) line enclosing one or more dots? For example, a circle with three identical solid dots (inside) is "a group of three dots". Additionally, it would be helpful if one could have nested groups, as well as other shapes such as squares, triangles, etc.


title: passing text to alltt embeded in command (extra newline needed)

text: I wanted to close `alltt` inside a command (to add some ornaments around the text), but the spaces that were used for putting the monospaced text into columns was not preserved. I found the solution here: Problem with alltt package when defining new command It is (in simplified form):               \newenvironment{comm}[1]     {%         #1%         \begin{alltt}}     {\end{alltt}}      it works, but I need to put extra newline after `\begin`:               \begin{comm}              user:        some-user         password:    some-password     \end{comm}      Without this newline it looks like this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/SyZLs.png) This extra newline is not 'eaten' though, it is preserved, so you always have a huge vertial space before actual text. I tried to switch it for for example `\null` but it didn't work. I tried to remove `%` signs and it worked exactly the same way. This is not a big problem (I hacked it with some `vspace`), but I would like to know why is it so, because I think it might clarify some matters for me.


title: Errors when using glossaries package

text: I am compiling a .tex file with TeXmaker, but it's still generating errors. In fact, I use the glossaries package but when I add a newglossaryentry, the compilation ends with errors. This is my code               \documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{book}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[francais]{babel}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}          \author{sk001}     \title{My title}          \usepackage[style=long, nonumberlist, toc, xindy, nowarn, nomain, section=chapter]{glossaries}          \makeglossaries          \newglossaryentry{iai}{%     name={IAI},%     description={Institut Africain d'Informatique}%     type=\newacronym     }          \begin{document}     \titlepage          \newpage          L'Institut Africain d'Informatique(\gls{iai}) est un établissement d'enseignement supérieur.          \printglossary               \end{document}           This is the displayed error in the log:               ! Missing \endcsname inserted.          \glsdefaulttype     l.50 }     The control sequence marked  should     not appear between \csname and \endcsname.     ! Package glossaries Error: Glossary type '\glsdefaulttype ' has not been defin     ed.     See the glossaries package documentation for explanation.     Type H  for immediate help.     ...     l.50 }     You need to define a new glossary type, before making entries in it     ! Missing \endcsname inserted.          \glsdefaulttype     l.50 }     The control sequence marked  should     not appear between \csname and \endcsname.      Your answers will be welcome.


title: How to write matrix in equation enviroment?

text: I'm using LaTeX to write my paper and every equation needs to be numbered，So I use the `equation` enviroment. However, it fails to compile.               \documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{epstopdf}     \begin{document}     \begin{equation}     \[     \begin{bmatrix}         L_{a1} & 0 \\         0 & L_{a2}      \end{bmatrix}      \begin{bmatrix}         I_{a1}  \\         I_{a2}     \end{bmatrix}     +      \begin{bmatrix}         R_{a1} & 0 \\         0 & R_{a2}      \end{bmatrix}      \begin{bmatrix}         I_{a1}  \\         I_{a2}     \end{bmatrix}     +      \begin{bmatrix}         K_{e1} & 0 \\         0 & K_{e2}      \end{bmatrix}      \begin{bmatrix}         $theta_1$ \\         $theta_2$     \end{bmatrix}     =      \begin{bmatrix}         V_{a1} \\         V_{a2}      \end{bmatrix}     \]     \end{equation}     \end{document}      So my question is: how to revise it? In addtion, I would like to know why the math expression that follows is wrong:               $$ B = \frac{J_2}{N_1 N_2}+\frac{m_2 r_2^2}{4 N_1 N_2}+\frac{m_2 r_1 r_2}{2 N_1 N_2} cos(\frac{\theat_{m2}}{N_2}) $$     $$ C = \frac{-m_2 r_1 r_2}{N_1 N_2}(\frac{\theat_{m1} \theat_{m2}}{N_1}+\frac{\theat_{m2}^2}{2 N_2}) sin\frac{\theat_{m2}}{N_2} $$     $$ D = J_{m1} +\frac{J_2}{N_2^2}+\frac{m_2 r_2^2}{4 N_2^2} $$     $$ E = \frac{J_2}{N_1 N_2}+\frac{m_2 r_2^2}{4 N_1 N_2}+\frac{m_2 r_1 r_2}{2 N_1 N_2} cos(\frac{\theat_{m2}}{N_2}) $$      LaTeX gives the information:               Undefined control sequence. [..._2}{2 N_1 N_2} cos(\frac{\theat_{m2}}{N_2}]


title: scrpage2: Three "marks" for headings

text: As far as I know of the `\automark` command (`scrpage2` package), it is only possible to mark two different "header-types" (e.g. sections and chapters). I'm searching for a way to mark an additional "header" (e.g. part) to use it in headings. Example usage of this would be:               \documentclass{scrbook}          \usepackage{scrpage2}     \pagestyle{scrheadings}     \clearscrheadfoot     \automark[section]{chapter}     \ihead{\leftmark}     \ohead{\rightmark}     \ifoot{Display part title here}          \begin{document}         \part{Test}         \chapter{Test 2}         \section{Test 3}     \end{document}      Does anybody know of an automatic way to do this? Thanks in advance for any help!


title: Filling Shapes in tikz

text: How do I fill a shape in tikz which is drawn by a combination of different commands? I mean something like this:               \documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}     \usepackage{tikz}     \begin{document}     \newcommand{\mk}{node [fill=black] {}}     \begin{tikzpicture}     \coordinate (O) at (0,0);     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (O) -- (\x:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1) -- +(\x+30:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1) -- +(\x-30:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x+30:1) -- +(\x:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x-30:1) -- +(\x:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x+30:1)++(\x:1) -- +(\x-30:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x-30:1)++(\x:1) -- +(\x+30:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x+30:1) -- +(\x+60:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x-30:1) -- +(\x-60:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x+30:1)++(\x+60:1) --          ++(\x-30:1) -- ++(\x-60:1) -- ++(\x-120:1) -- +(\x-150:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x+30:1)++(\x:1)++(\x-30:1)         -- ++(\x+30:1) -- ++(\x+90:1) -- ++(\x+150:1);}     \foreach \x in {0,60,...,359}         {\draw (\x:1)++(\x+30:1)++(\x:1)++(\x-30:1)         -- ++(\x-30:1) -- ++(\x-90:1) -- ++(\x-150:1);}     \draw (0,0) circle (5);     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      The code above produces the following output: ![\(Output Image\)](http://i.stack.imgur.com/6D3fo.png) Now I want to fill different parts of it with any some colours, so how can I do it?


title: How to get a J. Appl. Phys. like bibliography with scrreprt document class?

text: J. Appl. Phys. like bibliography can be generated by using revtex4-1 document class with jap option and aipnum4-1 bibliographystyle. But how can I get that J. Appl. Phys. like bibliography with scrreprt document class?


title: mix a citation and text using natbib

text: I have this .tex file:               \RequirePackage{filecontents}     \begin{filecontents}{refs.bib}     @article{CostantiniMoller2008,       title={Carotenoids are minor antioxidants for birds},       author={Costantini, D and M{\o}ller, AP},       journal={Functional Ecology},       volume={22},       number={2},       pages={367--370},       year={2008},       publisher={Wiley Online Library}     }     \end{filecontents}               \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}               \usepackage[comma, sort&compress]{natbib}      \setlength{\bibsep}{0pt plus 0.3ex}               \begin{document}     \title{}     \author{me}     \date{\today}     \maketitle          \section{Header}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum \citep{CostantiniMoller2008, pers.obs.}               \bibliographystyle{agsm}          \bibliography{refs}               \end{document}      I need to cite CostantiniMoller2008 and pers.obs within the same citation. When I try to parse the file as it stands, pers.obs just appears as a ?. How can I cite both CostantiniMoller2008 and pers.obs?


title: caption interfering with glossaries first/subsequent use mechanism

text: This is a follow-up question on Glossaries in List of Figures overflow, where it was asked how the first usage scheme of the `glossaries` package can be used with a glossary term in a figure caption. I gave an answer that works as long as the `caption` package is not loaded.               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{caption}     \usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}     \usepackage{glossaries}          \makeglossaries     \newglossaryentry{acr}{%       name        = {ACR-name},%       description = {ACR-description},%       first       = {ACR-first-description},%     }          \renewcommand{\glsdisplayfirst}[4]{#1 (1) #4}     \renewcommand{\glsdisplay}[4]{#1 (2+) #4}     \begin{document}     % \listoffigures %% even without \listoffigures the problem shows up          \begin{figure}[h]       \caption[Short title \glshyperlink{acr}]{Long title \gls{acr}}     \end{figure}          \printglossary     \end{document}      As can be seen, without `caption` the figure caption contains the first usage form of the glossary entry as desired, but with `caption` it is the subsequent use form. How can I keep that working while using `caption`?


title: showexpl not showing caption of a lstlisting within

text: How can I make the `LTXexample` environment to show the caption (like it does with other environments) of a `lstlisting` that is inside it. Consider the following code               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{showexpl}          \begin{document}     \pagestyle{empty}          % This lstlisting has its own caption     \begin{lstlisting}[language=C++,caption={Caption of lstlisting}]     #include<iostream>          int main{       std::cout << "Hello LaTeX\n";     }     \end{lstlisting}          % The lstlisting caption is not shown here     \begin{LTXexample}[pos=b,rframe={},caption={Caption of LTXexample}]     \begin{lstlisting}[language=C++,caption={Caption of lstlisting}]     #include<iostream>          int main{       std::cout << "Hello LaTeX\n";     }     \end{lstlisting}     \end{LTXexample}          \end{document}      As you can see in the image below, when showing the example, the caption of the `lstlisting` within the `LTXexample` doesn't has a caption. I think it may be because the implementation of that environment depends on an `lstlisting`. So, how can I make it to display such caption properly? Moreover, note that the `label` within the `lstlisting` environment is also ignored. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/xhemz.png)


title: "Pretty-printing" numbers with significant figures

text: I like to use LaTeX to display data in figures and tables. I've used arrayjobx.sty and fp.sty to extremely good effect to handle data that comes out of, e.g., Excel or other Windoze-world data handling tools. However, something that I've not been able to achieve so far is rounding to significant figures. I've come up with a plan (a very good plan!) for taking a given macro which stores a number, and converting that number to scientific notation. But before I go to the trouble of implementing it, I wanted to see if it's already been done. Here's what I envision:               \documentclass{minimal}          \usepackage[E]{sigfigs}  %% conjectural package (will require fp.sty, trimspaces.sty, others)                              %% options: E will do <mantissa>E+<exponent>                              %%          e will do <mantissa>e+<exponent>                              %%          times will do <mantissa>$\times{}10^{<exponent>}$          \usepackage{arrayjobx}     \newarray\MyData     \readarray{MyData}{ 3.14159 & 2077652 & 0.000006543 }               \begin{document}     \setsigfigs{3}     \checkMyData(1)     \sigfigs\cachedata % outputs 3.14          \checkMyData(2)     \sigfigs\cachedata % outputs 2.08E+6          \checkMyData(3)     \sigfigs\cachedata % outputs 6.54E-6          \end{document}


title: Loop in pgfplots doesn't work

text: I'm trying to do a loop in `pgfplots` to draw a bunch of rectangles under a curve, but it doesn't work. This is my code               \begin{tikzpicture}\begin{axis}[            width=160pt,compat=1.5.1,grid style={ultra thin},           x tick label style={font=\tiny},y tick label style={font=\tiny},           scale only axis,grid=major,axis lines=middle,           xlabel={$x$},           ylabel={$y$},           xmin=-0.13,           xmax=1.6,           domain=-0.25:2,           ymin=-0.3,           ymax=3.3,           xtick={0,0.25,...,1.5}, xticklabels={,,0.5,,1,,1.5},           ytick={0,0.5,...,3},           legend style={at={(0.5,-0.05)},anchor=north,nodes={right}},           extra tick style={tickwidth=2pt},               extra x ticks={1.1},              extra x tick labels={$ 1.1 $},       ]            \addplot [red,thick,samples=200] { sin(deg(x^2)) };       \addlegendentry{$ g(x)=\sin\left(x^2\right) $}          \foreach \n [evaluate={\y=sin(deg((\n+0.05)^2))}] in {0,0.05,...,1}       \draw (axis cs: \n, 0) rectangle (axis cs: \n+0.05, \y);       \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}      What have I done wrong?


title: How to get edges after vertices in a graph using TikZ?

text: The following code is giving me a graph, how to display edges one after the other instead of displaying total graph at a time.               \begin{figure}     \begin{tikzpicture}       [scale=.8,auto=left,every node/.style={circle,fill=blue!20}]       %\node (n6) at (1,10) {6};       \node (n4) at (3,4)  {4};       \node (n5) at (3,2)  {5};       \node (n1) at (1.5,2)  {1};       \node (n2) at (3,6)  {2};       \node (n3) at (4.5,2)  {3};            \foreach \from/\to in {n2/n4,n4/n3,n4/n5,n4/n1}         \draw (\from) -- (\to);     \draw (n2) to [out=-20,in=35] (n3);     \draw (n2) to [out=200,in=135] (n1);     \draw (n2) to [out=-20,in=35] (n5);     \end{tikzpicture}     \caption{Closure of a Tree}     \end{figure}


title: how to only increase line-space for 'cventry' command in moderncv

text: I use modercv template to compile my resume,but i have two troubles. First I want increase line space between texts in 'cventry' command Second i need change part text font,only effect part content,such as i want `cvline`use one font,but `cventry` use another font. thanks for your help in advance.


title: Create PGFPlots Histogram from file

text: How can I create a histogram from a file as follows. I can't seem to pick up the variable names from the file even.               \documentclass[tikz,border=12pt]{standalone}     \usepackage{filecontents}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}          \begin{filecontents*}{data.csv}     0,70.1     20,10     40,5.5     60,3.3     80,2.2     100,1.     120,1.     140,0.9     160,0.7     180,0.6     200,0.4     220,0.3     240,0.3     \end{filecontents*}          \begin{document}          \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[ybar interval]     \addplot table [x, y, col sep=comma] {data.csv};     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}      I want the histogram to display the first column on the `xaxis` with the percentages on the `yaxis` and have whatever amount of bins are in the file (i.e. amount of rows).


title: Using TikZ in landscape mode?

text: Is there a way to somehow use the tikzpicture environment in landscape mode ? I usually encounter this problem with graphics with a large X-range and a small Y-range. I provide below a typical pdf output that I would like to be able to produce directly with TikZ. Currently, I can only do it by first printing two halves separately, gluing some printed paper and eventually scan. I also append the TikZ code that produces the two halves below. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/4BZpc.png)               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{mathrsfs}     \usepackage{pifont}     \usepackage{color}     \usepackage{latexsym}     \usepackage[french]{babel}     \usepackage{tikz}          \addtolength{\textwidth}{4cm}     \addtolength{\textheight}{6cm}          \addtolength{\hoffset}{-2cm}     \addtolength{\voffset}{-3cm}           \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \begin{document}     \pagestyle{empty}          \centerline{\bf\Large Annexe 1}          \begin{tikzpicture}          \path (0,0) node (O) {};     \foreach \y in {0.00,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80,0.90,1.00,1.10,1.20,1.30,1.40,1.50,1.60,1.70,1.80,1.90,2.00,2.10,2.20,2.30,2.40,2.50,2.60,2.70,2.80,2.90,3.00,3.10,3.20,3.30,3.40,3.50,3.60,3.70,3.80,3.90,4.00,4.10,4.20,4.30,4.40,4.50,4.60,4.70,4.80,4.90,5.00,5.10,5.20,5.30,5.40,5.50,5.60,5.70,5.80,5.90,6.00,6.10,6.20,6.30,6.40,6.50,6.60,6.70,6.80,6.90,7.00,7.10,7.20,7.30,7.40,7.50,7.60,7.70,7.80,7.90,8.00,8.10,8.20,8.30,8.40,8.50,8.60,8.70,8.80,8.90,9.00,9.10,9.20,9.30,9.40,9.50,9.60,9.70,9.80,9.90,10.00,10.10,10.20,10.30,10.40,10.50,10.60,10.70,10.80,10.90,11.00,11.10,11.20,11.30,11.40,11.50}        {          \draw (O)++(0, \y) -- ++(10.50, 0);        };     \foreach \x in {0.00,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80,0.90,1.00,1.10,1.20,1.30,1.40,1.50,1.60,1.70,1.80,1.90,2.00,2.10,2.20,2.30,2.40,2.50,2.60,2.70,2.80,2.90,3.00,3.10,3.20,3.30,3.40,3.50,3.60,3.70,3.80,3.90,4.00,4.10,4.20,4.30,4.40,4.50,4.60,4.70,4.80,4.90,5.00,5.10,5.20,5.30,5.40,5.50,5.60,5.70,5.80,5.90,6.00,6.10,6.20,6.30,6.40,6.50,6.60,6.70,6.80,6.90,7.00,7.10,7.20,7.30,7.40,7.50,7.60,7.70,7.80,7.90,8.00,8.10,8.20,8.30,8.40,8.50,8.60,8.70,8.80,8.90,9.00,9.10,9.20,9.30,9.40,9.50,9.60,9.70,9.80,9.90,10.00,10.10,10.20,10.30,10.40,10.50}        {          \draw (O)++(\x, 0) -- ++(0, 11.54);        };     \foreach \y in {0.00,1.00,2.00,3.00,4.00,5.00,6.00,7.00,8.00,9.00,10.00,11.00}        {          \draw [thick] (O)++(0, \y) -- ++(10.50, 0);        };     \foreach \x in {0.00,1.00,2.00,3.00,4.00,5.00,6.00,7.00,8.00,9.00,10.00}        {          \draw [thick] (O)++(\x, 0) -- ++(0, 11.54);        };          \draw (O)++(1.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$2$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(1.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(2.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$4$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(2.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(3.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$6$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(3.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(4.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$8$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(4.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(5.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$10$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(5.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(6.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$12$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(6.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(7.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$14$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(7.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(8.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$16$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(8.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(9.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$18$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(9.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(10.00,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$20$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(10.00,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,0.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$-1$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,0.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);          \draw (O)++(-0.20,2.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$1$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,2.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,3.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$2$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,3.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,4.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$3$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,4.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,5.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$4$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,5.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,6.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$5$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,6.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,7.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$6$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,7.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,8.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$7$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,8.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,9.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$8$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,9.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,10.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$9$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,10.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(-0.20,11.00) node [fill=white,anchor=east] {$10$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.20,11.00) -- ++(-0.4,0);     \draw (O)++(0.00,1.00) node {$\bullet$};     \draw[thick,->] (O)++(0.00,0.00) -- ++(0,12.04);     \draw (O)++(0.00,12.04) node [fill=white,anchor=south east] {$y$};     \draw[thick,->] (O)++(0.00,1.00) -- ++(11.00,0);     \draw (O)++(11.00,1.00) node [fill=white,anchor=north west] {$x$};     \draw (O)++(0.00,1.00) node [fill=white,anchor=north west] {$O$};     \draw [thick] (O)++(0.00,4.06) -- ++(0.02,-0.04) -- ++(0.02,-0.04) -- ++(0.02,-0.04) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.04) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.04) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.03) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.02) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,-0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.00) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01);     \end{tikzpicture}               \begin{tikzpicture}     \path (0,0) node (O) {};     \foreach \y in {0.00,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80,0.90,1.00,1.10,1.20,1.30,1.40,1.50,1.60,1.70,1.80,1.90,2.00,2.10,2.20,2.30,2.40,2.50,2.60,2.70,2.80,2.90,3.00,3.10,3.20,3.30,3.40,3.50,3.60,3.70,3.80,3.90,4.00,4.10,4.20,4.30,4.40,4.50,4.60,4.70,4.80,4.90,5.00,5.10,5.20,5.30,5.40,5.50,5.60,5.70,5.80,5.90,6.00,6.10,6.20,6.30,6.40,6.50,6.60,6.70,6.80,6.90,7.00,7.10,7.20,7.30,7.40,7.50,7.60,7.70,7.80,7.90,8.00,8.10,8.20,8.30,8.40,8.50,8.60,8.70,8.80,8.90,9.00,9.10,9.20,9.30,9.40,9.50,9.60,9.70,9.80,9.90,10.00,10.10,10.20,10.30,10.40,10.50,10.60,10.70,10.80,10.90,11.00,11.10,11.20,11.30,11.40,11.50}        {          \draw (O)++(0, \y) -- ++(10.50, 0);        };     \foreach \x in {0.00,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50,0.60,0.70,0.80,0.90,1.00,1.10,1.20,1.30,1.40,1.50,1.60,1.70,1.80,1.90,2.00,2.10,2.20,2.30,2.40,2.50,2.60,2.70,2.80,2.90,3.00,3.10,3.20,3.30,3.40,3.50,3.60,3.70,3.80,3.90,4.00,4.10,4.20,4.30,4.40,4.50,4.60,4.70,4.80,4.90,5.00,5.10,5.20,5.30,5.40,5.50,5.60,5.70,5.80,5.90,6.00,6.10,6.20,6.30,6.40,6.50,6.60,6.70,6.80,6.90,7.00,7.10,7.20,7.30,7.40,7.50,7.60,7.70,7.80,7.90,8.00,8.10,8.20,8.30,8.40,8.50,8.60,8.70,8.80,8.90,9.00,9.10,9.20,9.30,9.40,9.50,9.60,9.70,9.80,9.90,10.00,10.10,10.20,10.30,10.40,10.50}        {          \draw (O)++(\x, 0) -- ++(0, 11.54);        };     \foreach \y in {0.00,1.00,2.00,3.00,4.00,5.00,6.00,7.00,8.00,9.00,10.00,11.00}        {          \draw [thick] (O)++(0, \y) -- ++(10.50, 0);        };     \foreach \x in {0.50,1.50,2.50,3.50,4.50,5.50,6.50,7.50,8.50,9.50,10.50}        {          \draw [thick] (O)++(\x, 0) -- ++(0, 11.54);        };     \draw (O)++(0.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$20$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(0.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(1.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$22$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(1.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(2.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$24$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(2.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(3.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$26$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(3.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(4.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$28$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(4.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(5.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$30$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(5.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(6.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$32$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(6.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(7.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$34$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(7.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(8.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$36$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(8.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(9.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$38$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(9.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);     \draw (O)++(10.50,0.80) node [fill=white,anchor=north] {$40$};     \draw[thick] (O)++(10.50,1.20) -- ++(0,-0.4);                    \draw[thick,->] (O)++(0.00,1.00) -- ++(11.00,0);     \draw (O)++(11.00,1.00) node [fill=white,anchor=north west] {$x$};          \draw [thick] (O)++(0.00,5.08) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.02) -- ++(0.02,0.01) -- ++(0.02,0.01);          \end{tikzpicture}                                                       \end{document}


title: Split sentences in table

text: I have a table with two columns: a word and its description, which is a sentences. Now, when I create a pdf, the sentences run out of the page boundary. Is it possible to automatically split the sentences in Latex or do linebreaks need to be used?


title: print word count

text: The journal I am submitting to requires a count of the words on the title page. I can of course run `texcount` on the `.tex` document and put the number in, but it seems that I should be able to automate this. For tables and figures (which are also required), I can simply use the `totcount` package. Is there something equivalent for words? Or can I store the output of `texcount` in such a way that I can call it on a subsequent `pdflatex` run?


title: preview generates error

text: when attempting to view a latex document in texniccenter I get               MiKTeX Problem Report Message: Some PostScript specials could not be     rendered. Data: Error: /undefined in H.S Operand stack:      --nostringval-- PermitFileReading --nostringval-- PermitFileWriting --nostringval-- Execution stack: %interp_exit  .runexec2 --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- 2  %stopped_push --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval--  false 1 %stopped_push 1930 1 3 %oparray_pop 1929 1 3 %oparray_pop 1913 1 3 %oparray_pop 1803     1 3  %oparray_pop --nostringval-- %errorexec_pop .runexec2     --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- 2 %stopped_push --nostringval-- Dictionary stack:  --dict:1176/1684(ro)(G)-- --dict:0/20(G)-- --dict:80/200(L)-- --dict:100/300(L)-- --dict:17/200(L)-- Current allocation mode is local MiKTeX GPL Ghostscript 9.05: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1          Source: Libraries\MiKTeX\Dvi\Ghostscript.cpp Line: 362 MiKTeX: 2.9 OS:     Microsoft Windows 8 Business Edition, 64-bit (build 9200) Invokers:     non-existing/explorer/TeXnicCenter SystemAdmin: no PowerUser: no     Root0: C:\Users\Johannes\AppData\Roaming\MiKTeX\2.9 Root1:     C:\Users\Johannes\AppData\Local\MiKTeX\2.9 Root2:     C:\ProgramData\MiKTeX\2.9 Root3: C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9     UserInstall: C:\Users\Johannes\AppData\Roaming\MiKTeX\2.9 UserConfig:     C:\Users\Johannes\AppData\Roaming\MiKTeX\2.9 UserData:     C:\Users\Johannes\AppData\Local\MiKTeX\2.9 CommonInstall: C:\Program     Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9 CommonConfig: C:\ProgramData\MiKTeX\2.9     CommonData: C:\ProgramData\MiKTeX\2.9      I'm clueless how can I view or pdf my document?


title: How can I list items created with the float package in the ToC

text: I created a new type of float using the `float` package.               \floatstyle{plaintop}     \newfloat{recommendation}{htbp}{lop}[section]     \floatname{recommendation}{Recommendation}      I would like it listed in the ToC as List of Recommendations. I can't seem to find an easy way to do this. Any ideas?


title: Different types of boxes/frames around the title of my pdf

text: Can someone tell me how to create boxes around the title of my PDF? I'm thinking about something like this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/nCr7u.jpg) where I can write stuff around the title (which is "test test...").


title: Conflict: onlyamsmath and TikZ

text: To force myself and collaborators to only use AMS-Math commands, I laod this package in the preamble:               \usepackage[all,warning]{onlyamsmath}      However, when this is combined with `TikZ`, I get into trouble when using TikZ's calc library, as this involves using `$` for computations. How can I resolve this conflict? MWE: Try uncommenting `onlyamsmath`               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}      \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}          \usepackage{tikz}                                \usetikzlibrary{positioning,calc}          \usepackage[all,warning]{onlyamsmath}          \begin{document}          \begin{tikzpicture}          \node (node1)   []                  {Box 2 text};     \node (node2)   [right=of node1]    {Box 3 text};          \draw[->] (node2.north)  --  ++(0,0.5)  -| ($ (node1.east) + (0.25,0) $);               \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}


title: Obtain the size between \huge and \Huge

text: How do I create a new sizing command command, `\semiHuge`, that is defined as being the size that lies between `\huge` and `\Huge`?


title: Class modernCV with German bibliography without numbered bibitems

text: With documentclass `modercv` one can include a list of published papers. If you try this is German one could use bibliography style `gerplain` getting some errors (solved in question Problem with modernCV and bf inside bibliography) but with a missing "und" (German and) or ";" as usual in Germany. (You can try with the following MWE.) With the styles `plaindin` or `unsrtdin` one gets the right bibliography, but now you have leading bibitems `[1]`, `[2]` etc. Is there a way to get rid of these bibitems without creating a new `bst` file? Or to have the bibitems right justified? The MWE for testing:               \listfiles     \RequirePackage{filecontents}     \begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}     @BOOK{book1,       author    = {John Doe and John Smith},       title     = {Title},       publisher = {Publisher},       edition   = {edition},       year      = {year},     }          @BOOK{book2,       author    = {John Doe and Eva Smith},       title     = {Title2},       publisher = {Publisher2},       edition   = {edition},       year      = {year},     }          @MISC{misc1,       author = {John Doe},       title  = {Title},       year   = {year},     }          @MISC{misc2,       author = {John Doe and Max Musterfrau},       title  = {Title},       year   = {year},     }     \end{filecontents*}               \documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}      \moderncvstyle{casual}       \moderncvcolor{blue}     \usepackage[scale=0.75]{geometry}          \usepackage[ngerman]{babel}          %\setlength{\hintscolumnwidth}{3cm}  %change the width of the column with the dates          %  for numerical labels: I do not want them!     %\renewcommand{\bibliographyitemlabel}{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}          % personal data     \firstname{John}     \familyname{Doe}     \title{Resumé title}                       \address{street and number}{postcode city}{country}     \mobile{+1~(234)~567~890}                               \phone{+2~(345)~678~901}                                \fax{+3~(456)~789~012}                              \email{john@doe.org}                                \homepage{www.johndoe.com}                          \extrainfo{additional information}         \photo[64pt][0.4pt]{example-image-a} % change image name      \quote{Some quote}                              \begin{document}          \selectlanguage{ngerman} % German cv          \makecvtitle          % Publications from a BibTeX file without multibib     \renewcommand{\refname}{Veröffentlichungen}  % instead "Publications"     \nocite{*}                   % cite all entrys in bib file     \bibliographystyle{unsrtdin} % german bib styles: gerplain, plaindin, unsrtdin                                  % compare with plain (wrong "and" instead German "und")                                  % gerplain: -> 12 errors \sc undefined, missing "`und"' or "`;"'                                  % plaindin, unsrtdin: unwanted bibitems     \bibliography{\jobname}      % bib file \jobname.bib          \end{document}      I used image `example-image-a` from package `MWE` for the photo. You will get a result like: > >     [1]          Doe, John ; Smith, John: Title. edition. Publisher, year >   I would prefer to have: > >                  Doe, John ; Smith, John: Title. edition. Publisher, year >   or (second choise): > >             [1]  Doe, John ; Smith, John: Title. edition. Publisher, year >   In the resulting `bbl` file you can find:               \bibitem[1]{book1}     \textsc{Doe}, John ; \textsc{Smith}, John:     \newblock \emph{Title}.     \newblock edition.     \newblock Publisher, year      Using `biblatex` is not possible because class `moderncv` is not compatible with it as I know.


title: Same style (eg., Bt Charter, no bold style) between chapter/section/etc and ToC/LoF/LoT

text: I recently noticed the difference between the chapter/section/subsection font style and those in ToC, and also the style in LoF and LoT, it seems that bold style is dominant in the latter. What is the right syntax to change the style of the latter according to the former? Any pointers are appreciated, thanks in advance, My code example:               \documentclass[12pt]{report}          \usepackage[a4paper,width=150mm,top=25mm,bottom=25mm,bindingoffset=6mm]{geometry}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}                                                             \usepackage[bitstream-charter]{mathdesign}     \usepackage{textcomp}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{tocloft}     \usepackage[Lenny]{fncychap}          % Change/add ToC/LoF/LoT default settings     \renewcommand\contentsname{Table of Contents}   % replace 'Contents' by 'Table of Contents'     \renewcommand{\cftpartleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep}}      % add dots for parts     \renewcommand{\cftchapleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep}}      % add dots for chapters     \renewcommand{\cftchappresnum}{Chapter }    % prefix 'Chapter' to chapter number in 'Table of Contents'     \cftsetindents{chapter}{0em}{6em}           % indentation of chapters     \addtocontents{toc}{~\hfill\textbf{Page}\par}       % add 'Page' to ToC          \begin{document}          \tableofcontents     \listoffigures     \listoftables          \chapter{Introduction}     \section{The First Section}     \subsection{The First SubSection}     \section{The Next Section}     \subsection{The Second SubSection}     \chapter{Another Chapter}     \chapter*{Acknowledgements}     \appendix     \chapter{Tables}          \end{document}


title: Texmaker: showing the same old pdf

text: I recently installed Mepis on my computer, so I had to install LiveTex, TeXmaker, etc. from scratch. Everything works fine in TeXmaker, except for the `.pdf`. Every time I compile and want to see the `.pdf`, I get an old version. No messages of errors, no nothing appears, so I don't know what could it be. I tried with changing the options in Configure TeXmaker: Built-in viewer, Built- in viewer + Embed, and External viewer (Okular in my case). I closed the `.pdf` when I compiled, but still: the same old `.pdf` is there.I even tried deleting the `.pdf` from the directory, then run Quick built, and got an error (No file found). Any ideas?


title: Table-aligned, randomized, repeatingly smaller icons for eyesight-chart

text: My daughter needs to train her eyesight in accordance to the LEA eyesight chart tests. I have manually created a new chart for her, but it really takes a long time randomzing the four icons and manually aligning them: ![The chart as I have it now](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Vy3Cg.png) I was thinking about automating the process using LaTeX. I have all four icons as separate PDFs (also any other vector format can be derived from that, of course). Would anyone care to help me with this, as I assume it is rather more a "programming LaTeX" then "writing in LaTeX" task ;) I'd be very happy to share the result with a good friend of mine who is a pediatrician as I assume it might help others, too (they give out copies of an old copy of a fax someone received back in the 80's... - not very clean and not much help, either). If someone could help me I'd be extremely grateful. The distance between each line and the decrease in size can be guessed but should be alterable.


I have a long equation. I used `multline` and tried               \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \begin{document}     \begin{multline*}     144V^2=a^2a_1^2(b^2+b_1^2+c^2+c_1^2-a^2-a_1)^2+\\     +b^2b_1^2(c^2+c_1^2+a^2+a_1^2-b^2-b_1)^2+c^2c_1^2(a^2+a_1^2+b^2+b_1^2-c^2-c_1)^2-\\     -(bca_1)^2-(cab_1)^2-(abc_1)^2-(a_1b_1c_1)^2.     \end{multline*}     \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/HrcD6.jpg) Are there any way to align this equation?


title: Vertically centering text in powerdot, taking baseline into account

text: I have a powerdot style that includes the following slide definition:               \pddefinetemplate[slide]{blackslide}{       titlepos={.05\slidewidth,.93\slideheight},       titlewidth=.9\slidewidth,       titlefont=\bfseries\Large\color{pdcolor3}\raggedright,       textpos={.05\slidewidth,.90\slideheight},       textwidth=.9\slidewidth,       textheight=.85\slideheight,       textfont=\Huge\color{white}\centering,     }{%       \psframe[linestyle=none,linewidth=0pt,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0,0)(\slidewidth,\slideheight)%     }      This style essentially gives me large text within a slide, horizontally centered. This isn't quite enough, however, and I would like to occasionally vertically center text. I put a command together to do this:               \newcommand\bigslide[1]{%     \begin{blackslide}{}       \par\vspace*{\stretch{1}}%       #1       \vspace*{\stretch{1}}%       \par     \end{blackslide}     }      This was based on the code for the `vplace` environment from the `memoir` class. Unfortunately, this doesn't quite do the job -- text is vertically aligned, but it will ignore descenders. As a minimal example:               \bigslide{This is some text}     \bigslide{Text that happens to have descenders}      The text for the second slide is marginally higher than the text for the first, because the spacing is against the box rather than the baseline. So my question: how can I get the text to vertically align sensibly, whether or not there are any descenders, and however many lines it has?


title: How can I see the labels of equations in the pdf format?

text: I would like to see the labels for every equations in pdf format? this is easier to refere later by looking for the labels in pdf format not in text file.


title: Problem with Bibliography Style (ACM)

text: I am a newbie in Latex and forgive me if the question seems dum. I have the following entry in my Bibliography.               @misc{fuller2011,      author               = {V. Fuller and D. Farinacci and D. Meyer and D. Lewis},      month                = {June},      organization         = {Internet Engineering Task Force},      publisher            = {IETF},      series               = {Request for Comments},      title                = {LISP Alternative Topology (LISP+ALT)},      year                 = {2011},      howpublished         = {http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-alt-07},      }      When I use `\bibliographystyle{plain}`, I see the following in the subsequent .pdf:                   V. Fuller, D. Farinacci, D. Meyer, and D. Lewis. Lisp alternative topol-     ogy (lisp+alt). http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-alt-07, June     2011.      Which is OK. But, when I use `\bibliographystyle{acm}`, (I am forced to use "acm") I see the following in the subsequent .pdf:               Fuller, V., Farinacci, D., Meyer, D., and Lewis, D. Lisp     alternative topology (lisp+alt), http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-alt-07, June 2011.      You see that commas are put within one name (i.e. names are not displayed correctly). What am I doing wrong? How can I fix this? I am using MikTEX 2.8 with TexNicCenter in Windows XP.


title: When do I need invoke \clearpage manually?

text: I am not sure whether invoking `\clearpage` is necessary or redundant at many places in my input `.tex` files. Here I will ask you, in what condition is invoking `\clearpage` necessary? I hope I get a list of all possible condition that might be also useful for others. In my daily work, I do as follows:   1. If I need a new page for the next stuff, I put `\clearpage` right before the stuff.   2. If I need to change the header/footer style for the next stuff, I put `\clearpage` followed by `\pagestyle` right before the stuff.   3. If I get a "too many floots" error, I put `\clearpage` at the end of every 5 consecutive floats.


title: Automatically define domain of function

text: I use the following code to depict mathematical functions. This is my coordinate system:               \newenvironment{graph}[2]{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]     \draw[->] (0,0) -- (10,0) node[right] {$#1$};     \draw[->] (0,0) -- (0,10) node[above] {$#2$};     }     {     \end{tikzpicture}     }      To create a function I use the following command:                \newcommand{\gf}[2]{\draw plot[variable=\t,samples=1000,scale=1,domain= #1 ,smooth] ({\t},{#2});}      It takes domain and the function itself as inputs. The problem is, that I have to define the domain each time I draw a new function. As you can see from my coordinate system, I always depict graphs in a ten by ten coordinate system. I would like to make a new command that can determine the domain of whatever function I choose so that it is contained within my ten by ten coordinate system. Is this possible? Example with two functions:               \begin{graph}{x}{y}     \gf{0:10}{\t^2}     \gf{0:10}{3-2\t}     \end{graph}      In this example the value of the first function evaluated at 10 is 100, which is out of bounds. Let us call the function g(x). I would like latex to find the value of x so that the value of the function is 10, g(x)=10, and insert this value as the upper bound of the domain. The second function has a similar problem. Let us call it f(x). It becomes very negative, and exits the coordinate system in the bottom. In this case I would like latex to find the value of the function so that f(x)=0 and insert it as the upper bound.


title: Changing position of year in natbib with plainnat style

text: I am using Miktex with Natbib such as:               \usepackage{natbib}     \bibliographystyle{plainnat}     \bibliography{model}      When the bibliography prints out the author year is at the end. I need it to go after the list of authors. Can someone help me please?


I have been using `MikTeX version 2.9.5105` without any trouble. I tried to compile using `XeLaTeX` option on a file that worked perfectly without this option. I had errors. So I decided to come back to the former settings (`LaTeX+dvips+ps2pdf`)   Now, I have a problem: the simplest latex file that contains a given image outuputs me this message all the time:                 *! LaTeX Error: Cannot determine size of graphic in Pictures/logo.png (no BoundingBox).*      After trying to resolve this problem by doing what former answers to this similar question, I uninstalled `MikTeX` and reinstalled it again: the problem is always here.      How can I fix this ?


title: How to distribute a set of circles in polar array?

text: How can I evenly distribute a set of circles (the red circles in my case) in polar array? The central distance between the big red circle and the white circle is 4.267 cm in case needed. Many thanks for your suggestion in advance! The code is here,               \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \begin{document}     \begin{figure}     \begin{picture}(215,100)(0,0)     \begin{tikzpicture}      \filldraw[color=black](100,50) circle(7cm);       \filldraw[color=white](100,50) circle(1.8cm);       \filldraw[color=red](104.267, 50) circle(0.962cm);      \begin{scope}[shift={(104.267,50)}]     \foreach \x in {60,120,...,360} {\filldraw[color=red](\x:1.633) circle(0.45cm); }     \end{scope}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{picture}     \end{figure}     \end{document}


title: Smaller matrices (or other math elements) in displayed math

text: I'm trying to find The Right Way to make a smaller matrix (but not a `smallmatrix`) along the following lines. **Example:** Consider the following piece of LaTeX code:               % \usepackage{amsmath} in the pre-amble     \begin{gather*}         A = \begin{footnotesize}             \left[\,\begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{matrix}\,\right]         \end{footnotesize}         \\         A = \left[\,\begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{matrix}\,\right]     \end{gather*}      **Motivation:** I want occasionally to be able to have small -- but easily legible and aeshetically pleasing -- matrices in displayed environments. The aesthetic criteria rule out the use of `smallmatrix`, so I'm looking for alternatives. In the example above, the variable `A` is meant to be outside of the `footnotesize` environment: I want these matrices to be typeset smaller than the surrounding math. Sometimes, I want to display matrices for the sake of clarity, but matrices usually take up much more room than I want (both in the sense of leaving too little room for other things, and in the sense of attracting more focus than I would like). **Partial solution:** If you inspect the two `matrix` environments in the example above, you'll see that the matrix is the same in both cases. The only difference you might expect is that the matrix in the `footnotesize` environment will be smaller. When I compile this, it tells me that `footnotesize` is invalid in math-mode, which is a perfectly reasonable complaint. Despite this, it produces the smaller output that I desire. (No doubt it is automatically inserting some cludge that makes everything work out.) So this seems to be a viable way of making "smaller" matrices, but not a _correct_ way. **Question:** Is there a _nice_ way to achieve the above -- shrinking a _part_ of a displayed math environment -- with a minimum of switching between text- mode and math-mode? (Preferably, with no switching at all?)


title: How to align `tcolorbox` at the top?

text: I want to align `Some text` with `Lead Programmer` like this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/2ojMt.png) But the `leftrulebox` (a `tcolorbox`) inside the description environment doesn't align properly. The following code gives this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/WWvtE.png) The code:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage[left=60pt,top=60pt,right=60pt,bottom=60pt]{geometry}     \usepackage{kantlipsum}     \usepackage{xcolor}     \usepackage{enumitem}     \setitemize{nolistsep,labelsep=1ex,leftmargin=*}     %% colors---     \definecolor{lightgray}{gray}{0.8}     %%items--     \newlist{items}{description}{1}     \setlist[items]{align=right,font=\normalfont, leftmargin=1.8in,style=nextline,labelsep=1em,}     %% leftrulebox---     \usepackage[many]{tcolorbox}     \tcbuselibrary{skins,breakable}     \newtcolorbox{leftrulebox}{         colback=white,         left=0.5ex,         top=0pt,         arc=0pt,         outer arc=0pt,         leftrule=1pt,         rightrule=0pt,         toprule=0pt,         bottomrule=0pt,         breakable,         enhanced jigsaw         }     %     %          \begin{document}     \begin{items}     \item[Some text]%     \begin{leftrulebox}     \par     \textbf{Lead Programmer}, Social Networks Inc \par     Some text \par some text       \begin{itemize}         \item Reengineered multiple systems that fueled improvements to productivity, eficiency, uptime and accuracy for global business operations. Developed code, system design and test/QA plans for all solutions and often coordinated the national or international rollout.         \item Led, architected and participated in the design, testing and deployment of client/server, multi-tier applications, ActiveX and related components.         \item Developed new procedures for requirements gathering, needs analysis, testing, scripting and documentation to strengthen quality and functionality of business-critical applications.     \end{itemize}          \kant[1-5]     \end{leftrulebox}     \end{items}     \end{document}      # Question   1. What causes this downward shift of `Some text`?   2. How to align `Some text` with `Lead Programmer...` **Caveat**   1. I can't use any form of `tabular` (including `longtable`) as I need the rule to continue at a page break. `longtable` too won't break across pages inside a row. * * * # Edit: As noted by Gonzalo, using `\leavevmode` and some negative `vskip` works for same kind of contents in the box. But for the code below, I had to give different `vskip`s for different boxes:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage[left=60pt,top=60pt,right=60pt,bottom=60pt]{geometry}     \usepackage{xcolor}     \usepackage{enumitem}     \setitemize{nolistsep,labelsep=1ex,leftmargin=*}     %% colors---     \definecolor{lightgray}{gray}{0.8}     %%items--     \newlist{items}{description}{1}     \setlist[items]{align=right,font=\normalfont, leftmargin=1.8in,style=nextline,labelsep=1em,}     %% leftrulebox---     \usepackage[many]{tcolorbox}     \tcbuselibrary{skins,breakable}     \newtcolorbox{leftrulebox}{         colback=white,         left=0.5ex,         top=0pt,         arc=0pt,         outer arc=0pt,         leftrule=1pt,         rightrule=0pt,         toprule=0pt,         bottomrule=0pt,         breakable,         nobeforeafter,         enhanced jigsaw,         before=\vskip-16.5pt       %% I want to define this here globally         }     %     %          \begin{document}     \section*{Objective}     \begin{items}     \item[Objective]%     \leavevmode     \begin{leftrulebox}     \kant[1]     \end{leftrulebox}     \end{items}          \section*{Positions}     \begin{items}     \item[\raggedleft 1/2010 -- 2/2012]%     \leavevmode     \begin{leftrulebox}     \textbf{Lead Programmer}, Social Networks Inc \par     Some text \par some text\par       \begin{itemize}%[labelsep=1ex]         \item Reengineered multiple systems that fueled improvements to productivity, eficiency, uptime and accuracy for global business operations. Developed code, system design and test/QA plans for all solutions and often coordinated the national or international rollout.         \item Led, architected and participated in the design, testing and deployment of client/server, multi-tier applications, ActiveX and related components.         \item Developed new procedures for requirements gathering, needs analysis, testing, scripting and documentation to strengthen quality and functionality of business-critical applications.     \end{itemize}     \end{leftrulebox}     \end{items}     \begin{items}     \item[1/2009 -- 2/2010]%     \leavevmode     \begin{leftrulebox}     \textbf{Programmer I}, The Coolest Search Engine \par       \begin{itemize}%[labelsep=1ex]         \item Led solutions engineering that involved process automation, macro conversion and functionality enhancement. Replaced time-consuming, error prone manual processes with elegant, automated solutions.         \item Developed and implemented cross-platform, Java-based POS system. Completed project under budget and three weeks ahead of deadline.         \item Coded new solutions that increased availability and scalability by 45\% and 75\%, respectively.     \end{itemize}     \end{leftrulebox}     \end{items}          \section*{Skills}     \begin{items}     \item[\textbf{Systems}]%     \leavevmode     \begin{leftrulebox}     \kant[1-2]     \end{leftrulebox}     \end{items}     \begin{items}     \item[\textbf{Others}]%     \leavevmode     \begin{leftrulebox}     some short text here     \end{leftrulebox}     \end{items}     \begin{items}     \item[\textbf{Databases}]%     \leavevmode     \begin{leftrulebox}     some short text here     \end{leftrulebox}     \end{items}          \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/cfvUN.png) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/siUP6.png) The alignment of items under **Objective** and **Positions** are satisfactory while with **Systems** , **Others** and **Databases** it is not. This happens because I have given a _global_ `vskip` (which I want to give). The amount by which the boxes move vertically _depends on the content_ (AAArgh) and I can't define a global `vskip`. Since, unfortunately, this script will be used in an automatic way where, I don't have control over the content, I can't determine the amount of `vskip` for different items. Hence, I can't define it globally. How to over come this?


title: How to include eps files in Plain TeX?

text: The title stands for itself. If it is not possible, how does LaTeX import an EPS file using `\includegraphics`?


title: Generating a worksheet

text: My objective is to be able to generate worksheets in categories like:   1. Laws of Indices   2. Simultaneous Linear equations and   3. Quadratic equations When I say generate is to generate for example 20 different problems. I believe I have addressed that with:                \newcommand{\questiontype}[1]{%      \foreach \i in {1,...,#1}      {      \item $my question type$      }}      Somehow I believe that it is related to the question Creating random problems by using rand option. The only difference is the restrictions that would be needed in code. For example, considering quadratic equations, there are three categories that is problems with equal roots, distinct and imaginary. I am not an expert in pgf nor the random parameters. I am in the learning process here and I hope you the experts can assist me. I got the inspiration from Calculs et Programmation. I haven't developed any code as yet but am ready to learn. ## **EDIT** To better understand my question see the code below. For example:                \usepackage{lcg,calc,ifthen}           % Une variable qui va servir      \newcounter{det}           \newcommand{\randomsys}{      % Génerer 6 entiers dans [-20,20]      \reinitrand[first=-20, last=20, counter=a] \rand      \chgrand[counter=b] \rand      \chgrand[counter=c] \rand      \chgrand[counter=d] \rand      \chgrand[counter=e] \rand      \chgrand[counter=f] \rand      % Remplacer 0 par 1000      \ifthenelse{\value{a}=0}{\setcounter{a}{1000}}{}      \ifthenelse{\value{b}=0}{\setcounter{b}{1000}}{}      \ifthenelse{\value{d}=0}{\setcounter{d}{1000}}{}      \ifthenelse{\value{e}=0}{\setcounter{e}{1000}}{}           % Un énoncé selon la valeur du dét      \setcounter{det}{\value{a}*\value{e}-\value{b}*\value{d}}      \ifthenelse{\value{det}=0}%      {Expliquer pourquoi le système suivant       n'admet pas une unique solution :}%      {Résoudre le système suivant :}      \[      \left\lbrace \begin{array}{rcl}       \thea x+\theb y &=& \thec \\      \thed x+\thee y &=& \thef      \end{array} \right.      \]}           \randomsys \randomsys \randomsys \randomsys      \randomsys \randomsys \randomsys \randomsys      The code above should generate random simultaneous equations. Thus my objective is to understand what each line is saying, an alternative to this like using the pgfmath from tikz, and what each definition in the code means. Ultimately I want to learn how I can create random problems based on the above principle. The above topics mentioned (laws of indices, quad equations and simultaneous equations) are just samples to reference from.


title: Text over the overbrace beyond "scope"

text: does anyone know how can I avoid the free space between the sum sign and the indicator function. I guess it's caused by the width of the upper block above the overbrace. So is there a way to allow this block to go "beyond the scope" of the overbrace, which is defined by the lower part? Basically I would like to get something like this: ![desired output](http://i.stack.imgur.com/MkiuF.png) instead of ![actual output](http://i.stack.imgur.com/OC3Bm.jpg) Thank you very much in advance for any suggestions. Regards, Serge               \documentclass[pdftex,a4paper]{scrartcl}     \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}     \usepackage[left=2.5cm,top=2.5cm]{geometry}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage{bbm} %for indicator function     %Source Printer     \usepackage{verbatim}     \usepackage{array}     \usepackage{graphicx}          \begin{document}     \begin{align*}     \min \biggl(\omega_1 \cdot \sum\limits_{i\in\mathcal{F}}\sum\limits_{c\in\mathcal{C}}      \sum\limits_{e\in\mathcal{E}_c}\sum\limits_{\tau\in\mathcal{S}^i_{e}}     \mathbf{w}^i_{c,e,\tau} \cdot x_{i,c,e,\tau} + & \omega_2 \cdot  \sum\limits_{t \in      \mathcal{T}}\sum\limits_{c \in \mathcal{C}}\overbrace{\mathbbm{1}_{\{ u_{t, c} \geq 0.8     \cdot \kappa^{\text{cap}}_c \}}(t,c)}^{\eta_{0.7}\mathbbm{1}_{\{ u_{t, c} \geq 0.7 \cdot      \kappa^{\text{cap}}_c\}}(t,c) + \eta_{0.8}\mathbbm{1}_{\{ u_{t, c} \geq 0.8 \cdot     \kappa^{\text{cap}}_c\}}(t,c) + \eta_{0.9}\mathbbm{1}_{\{ u_{t, c} \geq 0.9 \cdot      \kappa^{\text{cap}}_c\}}(t,c)} + \omega_3 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{t \in \mathcal{T}}     \sum\limits_{c \in \mathcal{C}}n_{t,c} \biggr)      \\& \text{with} \quad \omega_i \in \left[0,1\right], \sum\nolimits_{i=1}^3\omega_i = 1     \label{cost}     \end{align*}     \end{document}


title: Problem with biblatex and footnotes

text: I'm currently writing a research paper and want to manage my bibliography with biblatex. Everything is working fine except a minor annoyance: Whenever I use the `\footfullcite[pagenumber]{key}` command there is no space between the full citation and the page number in the postnote. I uploaded a minimal example here Is there any way to solve this? EDIT BY LOCKSTEP: Here's a boiled-down example that still shows the issue:               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage[style=authortitle]{biblatex}          \usepackage{filecontents}          \begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}     @BOOK{test,       title = {The Infamous Test},       publisher = {Testington Test},       year = {2007},       author = {John Doe},       address = {Testville},     }     \end{filecontents}          \addbibresource{\jobname.bib}          \begin{document}          \null\vfill% just for the example          Postnote spacing/punctuation doesn't work for \verb|\footfullcite|,\footfullcite[1-10]{test}     although everything is correct for \verb|\footcite|.\footcite[1-10]{test}          \printbibliography          \end{document}


title: Is there a TeX/LaTeX editor that can show results in real-time?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  What's the fastest way to preview changes as I learn TeX? This is my first post to TeX. I have taken it upon myself to learn how to type math formulations via LaTeX, but I need some help setting up. Basically, what I am trying to do, is:   * Get some editor, (From the stack exchange they talk about many already)   * However, I would like my editor to be simple in the sense that, as I type a math equation, its results are shown to me automatically so that I can quickly learn it as I go. Does such a thing exist? Googling this results in information overload, I just want a quick/easy way to get started with those qualities. P.S. I am very new to TeX/LaTeX all I know is that LaTeX is associated with being able to type math formulas, I don't know about all those others ones I am seeing.


title: How can I see what am I writing in a TeX editor?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Is there any way to get real-time compilation for LaTeX?   >  What's the fastest way to preview changes as I learn TeX? I am new member on math.stackexchange.com and I am surprised that I can automatically see math formulas and symbols that I am writing there. When I am writing a long formula or an equation in a TeX editor (TeXMaker), it is difficult to understand some things. Is it possible to use this kind of preview in an editor, and not only on the website?


title: Real-time TeX editor

text: I am looking for an **offline** , real-time-rendering TeX editor similar to what you find at http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/ask. It would be nice to have the ability to edit, save, and render the complete document offline, without requiring the reader to install any libraries. (so `.html` or `.pdf` format would be acceptable) Has anyone managed to create and share an offline implementation of MathJax or similar?


title: Free, "compile and preview as you type" latex editor

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Is there any way to get real-time compilation for LaTeX?   >  How can I see what am I writing in a TeX editor? I've seen some websites, such as ones on the stack exchange, that are able to interpret and display latex code as you type. I'm curious if there are any freeware latex editors that can do that same thing... That is, compile and display in real time as the latex code is added. This will be very helpful to me to detect my errors earlier on rather than waiting until i've written a lot of code and then debug it.


title: Looking for a web site or a tool to edit TeX and get instant preview in parallel

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Is there any way to get real-time compilation for LaTeX? There are some online TeX editors which allow to type TeX source, compile it and see the output. I am looking for something different, I am wondering if there exists some sites which let type TeX source and see the output at the same time. It is quite similar to the editor of StackExchange: when we type a post, we see the instant preview below... Stack Exchange Mathematics also allows to edit mathematical formula under TeX format, and see the preview below... If there is no suitable web site, is there a software under Ubuntu to do so? It seems that there are some tools which compile after each save, that is not what I am looking for... Could anyone give any suggestion? Thank you very much


title: Having the input and layout side by side

text: I have just installed latex on my mac. I opened the texwork and I can type in latex script there, whenever I compile it, I will get an output. But is it possible to have the output instantly standing side by side, so that when I type, I can see the change immediately? Do I have to get any other plugin?


title: Is there any way to get real-time compilation for LaTeX?

text: I would really love to have a software or tool which provided real time compilation of my LaTeX document (to be able to see the final pdf or dvi document as I type the latex code), especially for when I am drawing pictures using tikZ. So far, I know of two things, but none of them work for me. They are:   * **KtikZ** : This is only for tikZ, which would be perfect for me, but unfortunately as far as I know it only works with Ubuntu and Debian, and I use Mac OS X (so I have never actually tried it, though I did dig a lot to see whether I would be able to install on my mac and from what I see it is really what I want - I am even considering installing Ubuntu just to use it!).   * **WhizzyTeX** : This is a minor mode for Emacs. It was extremely hard to get it to work on the mac (see my quest here), and it is not all that fast. The speed is not all that big of a deal for me, but the fact that it does not work with tikZ pictures is (the nodes all collapse in one point so that the words are all one on the top of the other). So my question is: is there a software ideally like KtikZ or another type of editor which provides real-time compilation and that I can use on my mac? I guess if you know of a Windows/Linux option I would also like to know, and the same for a way to set up a script to get the document compiled every 5 seconds or so (I am sure I have seen this written somewhere, but I don't know whether I can do it with a mac or whether it is editor/pdf viewer dependent), but what I really want is a software/tool which would work with a mac. To be clear, I am not after something like LyX, that is, I am not after a WYSIWYG-type thing, but rather something where I can type real LaTeX and see my code, but have at the same time another window showing me the pdf (or dvi) file compiled.


title: Real Time LaTeX?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Is there any way to get real-time compilation for LaTeX? I'm looking for an application in which I can write pure LaTeX in one half of the screen and on the other half to see the compiled document **in real time**.   This seems really like an obvious way to do LaTeX authoring but it doesn't look like any software is able to do it.   LyX is not what I'm looking for. I want to edit the actual LaTeX and see it rendered in real time. Why isn't this already being done somewhere?


title: multirow doesn't seem to work

text: **EDIT: The problem now is that in the table, between 'Baseline' and 'Action' there is a space that I want to remove (look the image below). 'Action' is indented, and it's ok, but it's too detached from 'Baseline'. Any suggestion?** I'm trying to use the `\multirow` command, but it doesn't work. The result is a 'scribble'. My table is a bit more complex than the following, but I reduced it for simplicity. Substantially, this is the method by which I use `\multirow` for the 'Description' column. Is it correct? Am I mistaking something? ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/fGlH4.jpg)               \documentclass[12pt]{article}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[italian]{babel}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{color}     \usepackage{colortbl}     \usepackage[]{array}     \usepackage[]{booktabs}     \usepackage[font=footnotesize]{caption}     \usepackage[]{multirow}          \begin{document}     \begin{table}[h]\scriptsize     \centering     \begin{tabular}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{0.15\columnwidth}     >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{0.15\columnwidth} l      >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{0.15\columnwidth}}     \toprule     Study                  & Description        &  Conditions & Mean (SD) judgement error\\     \midrule     Haggard e Clark, 2003  & \multirow{3}                            {0.15\columnwidth}{                            $n=8$ (6 females).}  & \textit                                                 {Baseline}    &                          \\                            &                    & \hspace{12pt}                                                                                Action        & -1 (43)                  \\                            &                    & \hspace{12pt}                                                 Tone          & 41 (36)                  \\     \bottomrule     \end{tabular}     \end{table}     \end{document}


title: context to run side by side with LaTeX in Windows 8 64bit

text: I have installed context in Windows 8 64 bit. Already I have been running MIKTEX 2.9 successfully. Now when I try to test context in CLI I get the following error message.               E:\context\tex\texmf-win64\bin\mtxrun.lua:13581: C stack overflow      What mistake I have committed? Please help me to run context as a standalone macro processor.


title: Caption on tables with wrapfigure

text: I'm simply trying to get a table on the right side of my text. I've tried many different packages like `float`, `floatflt`, and `wrapfig`, the latter got me the closest to what I wanted. My only issue at this point is that the caption says "Figure 1:" Whereas it should be a table. I can't use `\begin{table}` with `\begin{wrapfig}` since it screws things up. Here is the full code for the table:               \begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0.24\textwidth}     \centering     \begin{tabular}{ | c || c | c | }         \hline           & a & b \\         \hline \hline         1 & 1 & 2 \\         \hline         2 & 3 & 2 \\         \hline         3 & 1 & 2 \\         \hline     \end{tabular}     \caption{Table representation of the DFA in Figure \ref{fig:dfa_example}}     \label{DFA_table}     \end{wrapfigure}      ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/PMvcS.png) As a side note, would it also be possible to get the table to be a little higher than the text (top margin)?


title: Ugly font rendering

text: I've seen several recommendations of using T1 encoding `\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}`, so I did. But I did notice a difference in font rendering, and it's not prettier. Old OT1: ![OT1](http://i.stack.imgur.com/W7GY6.png) T1 encoding: ![T1](http://i.stack.imgur.com/91u8P.png) I know the difference seems subtle, but it's there.


title: right-aligned table from csv

text: I have a `csv` file formatted like this one:               "","head 1","head 2","head 3"     "count 1","23","24","25"     "percentage 1","23%","24%","25%"     "count 2","53","54","55"     "percentage 2","53%","54%","55%"      I'm using `datatool` package to convert `csv` to `table`. I want to format the table to right-align. But right-align only works when the `csv` is formatted like this one:   `"row 2","23","24","25"` I know I can manually adjust the table to get what I need. But the `csv` file is dynamic (the `csv` file is generated by the system). How can I get a right-aligned table, fix the `csv` source or fix the LaTeX? * * * This is my the sample LaTeX code:               \documentclass[a4paper]{article}          \usepackage[small,compact]{titlesec}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{palatino}          \usepackage{datatool}          \begin{document}          \section{CSV Test}          \DTLloaddb{csvtest}{csvtest.csv}                 \begin{table}[htbp]     \centering     \DTLdisplaydb{csvtest}                   \caption{CSV Table Test}             \end{table}          \end{document}      And the csv:               "","Head 1","Head 2"     "Count 1","15","99"     "","1.92\%","12.69\%"     "Count 2","33","353"     "","1.99\%","21.28\%"


title: Getting arrows underneath numbers

text: I want to draw curved arrows underneath my numbers, does anyone know how to do this? I've tried the command `\curvearrowleft` but TeX doesn't recognize that line, either because I don't have the package or the command doesn't exist. ![http://www.math.com/school/subject1/images/S1U1L5GL.gif](http://www.leslienettling.com/6thNewsletters/multiplyDecimalsMathCom.gif) What is the proper code for this red arrow underneath?


title: How to add \lstlistoflistings to the table of contents?

text: can someone tell me, how to create an entry for the `\lstlistoflistings` command in the TOC? I want, that you can see the page number where the list can be found.


title: how to cite legal cases in BibTeX

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  What is the proper way to cite a legal document? Does anyone know the proper formatting for citing a legal case in BibTeX? Say for example that I want to cite Brown v. Board of Education, 1954. How would this look in BibTeX?


title: How to add todo notes?

text: Is there a simple way to add todo notes to LaTeX documents ? I would like to have these notes in red in the generated pdf and a simple syntax to write them.


title: Is there any way to specify a "TO DO" in LaTeX?

text: I'm writing my degree thesis in `LaTeX` and I have some chapters and sections which I didn't write yet. Is there any way to put a `tag` to specify that there is a `TO DO` there so I remember to fill it ? (I mean something similar to `@TODO` in `Java` comments) It would be great if `LaTeX` compiler raises a warning in the logs if it has found that tag.


title: Decreasing the distance between node labels and connecting lines in forest

text: I use the following code to produce trees like the two left ones in the figure.               \documentclass{minimal}          \usepackage{forest}          \forestset{     sn edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=bottom,where n children=0{tier=word}{}}},      background tree/.style={for tree={text opacity=0.2,draw opacity=0.2,edge={draw opacity=0.2}}}     }               \begin{document}          \begin{forest}     sn edges     [S       [NP [er\\he] ]       [NP         [Det [das\\the] ]         [N [Buch\\book] ]        ]       [NP         [Det [der\\the] ]         [N [Frau\\woman] ]        ]       [V [gibt\\gives] ]     ]     \end{forest}          \end{document}      I would want to decrease this distance so that it looks like the tree on the right (drawn with `tikz-qtree`). Is there a way to do this (and set it as a default)? ![different distances between node labels](http://i.stack.imgur.com/EtyZF.png)


title: Biber: Does it really need incoming connection ?

text: My windows 7 warned me that biber.exe tried to establish incoming connection. I wonder why biber would need it? I blocked the connection for a while.


title: Label plots in pgfplots without entering coordinates manually

text: I like to label my plots directly, i.e. without using a legend, but instead using a `pin` node. So far, I have added the labels with manually specified coordinates, which means trial-and-error for data plots. A better way would be to let `TikZ` handle the positioning, but I don't know how to access the paths of the plots. Is there a way of adding a node to a plot in `pgfplots`, similar to the `[pos=0.5]` option for normal paths? Just adding `node [pos=0.5] {x}` to the `\addplot` command does not position the node on the line, but instead at some location in the lower left of the plot area, regardless of the `pos` value. MWE:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}     \addplot {x^2} node [pos=0.75,pin={-10:$x^2$},inner sep=0pt] {}; % This does not position the node on the line     \addplot {1.5*x^2};     \node at (axis cs:4,16) [pin={-10:$x^2$},inner sep=0pt] {}; % This is what I want, but without calculating the coordinates by hand     \node at (axis cs:4,24) [pin={170:$1.5 x^2$},inner sep=0pt] {};     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      ![pgfplots plot with nodes annotating the lines](http://i.stack.imgur.com/aKN4z.png)


title: Axis with trigonometric labels in PGFPlots

text: How do I make the axis labels use multiples of `\pi` in PGFPlots? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/B6nQu.png)


title: Whitespace in memoir titles

text: I am unhappy about the whitespace before and after my chapters, sections, and subsections etc. Using the `memoir` class I tried to find out on how to reduce this. For my chapters it says I should use the `\beforechapskip` and `\afterchapskip` commands. For my sections `\setbeforeSskip` and `afterskip` (i think). This must be very stupid, but I tried to change these but I must be doing it wrong. In this example               \documentclass{memoir}     \setbeforeSskip{1ex}     \setafterSskip{1ex}     \begin{document}     test     \end{document}      I get this error: `! Undefined control sequence.` Like I said, it's probably easy but im just not very good at these things and i have no idea what I am doing wrong. Could anyone provide me a small example of how to set the whitespace for chapters and sections etc?


title: Temporary removal of `\ChapFrame` used in 'Chapter Title in rotated vertical box at the margin'

text: I would like to, temporarely, not assign new coloured boxes for some chapters. Is that possible, e.g. using or resetting the `\ChapFrame` command?


title: is the bibstyle for review of development economics

text: Here is an example of style in the journal. Motta, Massimo, “Endogenous Quality Choice: Price vs. Quantity Competition,” Journal of Industrial Economics 41 (1993):113–31.


title: Error in compiling

text: I'm starting to use latex, my code is               \documentclass[a4paper]{article}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[T1]{inputenc}     \usepackage[italian]{babel}     \begin{document}      Hello     \end{document}      The output is               This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (MiKTeX 2.9)     entering extended mode     (C:\Users\Stefano1\Desktop\Seminario\Seminario.tex     LaTeX2e <2011/06/27>     Babel <v3.8m> and hyphenation patterns for english, afrikaans, ancientgreek, ar     abic, armenian, assamese, basque, bengali, bokmal, bulgarian, catalan, coptic,      croatian, czech, danish, dutch, esperanto, estonian, farsi, finnish, french, ga     lician, german, german-x-2013-05-26, greek, gujarati, hindi, hungarian, iceland     ic, indonesian, interlingua, irish, italian, kannada, kurmanji, latin, latvian,      lithuanian, malayalam, marathi, mongolian, mongolianlmc, monogreek, ngerman, n     german-x-2013-05-26, nynorsk, oriya, panjabi, pinyin, polish, portuguese, roman     ian, russian, sanskrit, serbian, slovak, slovenian, spanish, swedish, swissgerm     an, tamil, telugu, turkish, turkmen, ukenglish, ukrainian, uppersorbian, usengl     ishmax, welsh, loaded.     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\article.cls"     Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\size10.clo"))     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\fontenc.sty"     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\t1enc.def"))     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\inputenc.sty"          ! LaTeX Error: File `T1.def' not found.          Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,     or enter new name. (Default extension: def)          Enter file name:       Where is the problem ?


title: Using \eqno in math mode

text: does anyone know, why do I keep getting this error message?               !You cant use '\eqno' in math mode.      ..and it's pointing at this line in my code:               \left(\sqrt[5]{x^4}\right)’ &=& \left(x^{[\frac{4}{5}\]}\right)’ &=& [\frac{4}{5}\]x^{[-\frac{1}{5}\]} &=& [\frac{4}{5\sqrt[5]{x}\}] \label{rovnice3} \\      here's the whole array:               \begin{eqnarray}     \int_a^b f(x)\,\mathrm{d}x &=& -\int\limits_b^a f(x)\,\mathrm{d}x \label{rovnice2}\\     \left(\sqrt[5]{x^4}\right)’ &=& \left(x^{[\frac{4}{5}\]}\right)’ &=& [\frac{4}{5}\]x^{[-\frac{1}{5}\]} &=& [\frac{4}{5\sqrt[5]{x}\}] \label{rovnice3} \\    \overline{\overline{A \lor B}} &=& \overline{\overline{A} \land \overline{B}\label{rovnice4} \end{eqnarray}      Thanks in advance!