title: tcolorbox: The use of subfloats in a tcolorbox

text: From a previous post, I found out that I need the `capt-of` package to have figures in a `tcolorbox`. How do I use `subfloats`?               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usepackage{standalone}     \usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}     \usepackage{lipsum}     \usepackage{tabu}     \usepackage{capt-of}     \usepackage[caption = false]{subfig}          \tcbset{       theorem/.style args = {#1#2#3#4}{%                                                         step and label = {#2}{#4},%                                                              title = {\mbox{#1~\csname the#2\endcsname\ }#3:}}     }     \newcounter{exa}     \tcbmaketheorem{examples}{Example Problem}{       breakable,       fonttitle = \bfseries,     }{exa}{ex}          \begin{document}     \begin{examples}{example ert}{exa:test}       \lipsum[1]       \par\medskip       \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}         \centering         \begin{tabular}{cc}           \subfloat[caption]{\includestandalone{line}} &           \subfloat[caption]{\includestandalone{line}}         \end{tabular}         \captionof{figure}{caption}       \end{minipage}       \par\medskip       \lipsum[2]     \end{examples}     \end{document}      * * *               \documentclass[convert = false]{standalone}     \usepackage{tikz}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}       \draw (0,0) -- (0,5);     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      **Edit 2:** With Gonzalo Medina's code, I get ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/i83wA.png) That is, no `(a)` or `(b)`. This had to do with the option `caption = false` with `subfig`. By removing that option, `(a)` and `(b)` appear.


title: How to fill an underfull box in footnote with url?

text: Could someone help to correct the warning I get related to an underfull box with the following code? I have tried `\hfill`, `hspace*{\hfill}` etc with no luck.               \documentclass[twocolumn,draft]{svjour3}     \usepackage{lmodern}     \usepackage{url}           \usepackage[breaklinks]{hyperref} %make hyperlinks references         \hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue,          % color of internal links             citecolor=blue,linktocpage=true}     \usepackage{breakurl}               \begin{document}          \title{Something}          Microsoft continued to gain market \footnote{\url{www.some-asd-sdsasdasd-asdas-dasdas-dasdas-asd.com}}          \end{document}      So the answer to this is to use: the following: `\usepackage{ragged2e}   \footnote{\RaggedRight\url{www.some-asd-sdsasdasd-asdas-dasdas-dasdas- asd.com}}` Credits to How can I make my text never go over the right margin by always hyphenating or breaking on word-boundaries?


title: How to test if a number is negative

text: Is there an easy way to test if a number is negative? I don't need a general solution, but it does need to be able to handle a floating point value. I was using this solution from tex.ac.uk until I realized that it has problems with positive floating point numbers. Here is a test file               \documentclass{article}          \def\IsPositive#1{%       TT\fi%       \ifcat_\ifnum0<0#1 _\else A\fi%     }          \newcommand{\PrintSignOfNumber}[1]{%         \if\IsPositive{#1}%             $#1 \ge 0$%         \else%             $#1 < 0$%         \fi%     }          \begin{document}          \PrintSignOfNumber{2}\par      \PrintSignOfNumber{-2}          \PrintSignOfNumber{2.0}\par  % reported as negative     \PrintSignOfNumber{-2.0}          \end{document}      I don't need a very general solution. Even if it just tested the first character as being a negative sign would suffice for my application. I would think that the `etoolbox` could do this easily, but I can't quite figure out how. If anyone knows of a good document that contains examples of using `etoolbox` that would be great.


title: Command for formatting a special term

text: How can write a new command which formats a certain 2-word-term always in a special font, all uppercase, with the line-height of the uppercase characters being the same as the line-height of down-case characters in normal text??


title: What are 'pagebreak hints'?

text: The FAQ refers to "pagebreak hints". I can't find any mention of these by searching (for "[page-breaking] hints" and various other things). What are pagebreak hints and how does one use them?


title: Put text in any shapes with automatic line breaking in TiKz?

text: I notice that we can put text in a circle by ` \node[draw,circle]{Text}; ` Is it possible to put text in any shapes with automatic line breaking? (e.g., in an ellipse, or in a closed curve that we draw) **EDIT** For the demand of "putting text in any closed curve we draw" is probably a duplicate of Fitting text to a shape in TikZ (`\shapeparnode` is used), though I'm looking forward to a shape option of `\node` that uses a closed curve we draw.


title: Dependency diagrams using Tikz

text: I'm trying to draw a database dependency diagram, similar to the one shown below _(Gaaah! I can't upload images. ASCII art it is then...)_                 +------+------+------+------+------+------+       |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |      v      |      v      v      v      v     +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+      Lines extend from 1 and 3,     | 1 |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 7 |      join above 2, and then route     +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+  +---+      to all other blocks      I've managed to get the easy bits done, namely drawing the blocks. I assume that I need to create a number of control points that the arrows must move through to 'raise' them above the nodes. What I can't get is to have them drawn nice and square. ![Source diagram](http://i.stack.imgur.com/3JNZ3.jpg) Theres also the problem of the junction point above PROJ_NAME (block 2). PROJ_NUM (block 1) and EMP_NUM (block 3) together form a junction, and this junction joins to all the others. My Tikz attempt (although visually very far from what I want) illustrates this (I think?) Please could someone point me in the right direction? Am I on the right track, is there a way easier method of doing this?               \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']     \tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, draw, text centered, rounded corners,          minimum height=1.5em,font=\tiny]     \tikzstyle{cntrl} = [node distance=2em, minimum height=0]          \begin{tikzpicture}         [shorten >=1pt,node distance=0.1em,auto,scale=0.5]                      \node[block]    (n1)                     {PROJ\_NUM};         \node[block]    (n2)  [right =of n1]     {PROJ\_NAME};         \node[block]    (n3)  [right =of n2]     {EMP\_NUM};                                                  \node[block]    (n4)  [right =of n3]     {EMP\_NAME};         \node[block]    (n5)  [right =of n4]     {JOB\_CLASS};         \node[block]    (n6)  [right =of n5]     {CHG\_HOUR};         \node[block]    (n7)  [right =of n6]     {HOURS};              \node[cntrl]    (i1)     [above =of n1]                  {};         \node[cntrl]    (i2)     [above =of n2]                  {};         \node[cntrl]    (i3)     [above =of n3]                  {};         \node[cntrl]    (i4)     [above =of n4]                  {};         \node[cntrl]    (i5)     [above =of n5]                  {};         \node[cntrl]    (i6)     [above =of n6]                  {};         \node[cntrl]    (i7)     [above =of n7]                  {};              \path [line] (n1) .. controls (i1) and (i2) .. (n2);         \path [line] (n3) .. controls (i3) and (i2) .. (n2);         \path [line] (i2) .. controls (i2) and (i4) .. (n4);         \path [line] (i2) .. controls (i2) and (i5) .. (n5);         \path [line] (i2) .. controls (i2) and (i6) .. (n6);         \path [line] (i2) .. controls (i2) and (i7) .. (n7);          \end{tikzpicture}          Links to diagrams that I uploaded. Hopefully the links remain active.. Attempt so far: ![Tikz attempt so far](http://i.stack.imgur.com/rshgt.png)


title: Hyperref mysteriously enabled or who loaded hyperref

text: I can't figure out where do I load the `hyperref` package. I know it sounds odd, but I scanned all my preamble and couldn't find a single `\usepackage{hyperref}`. I feel really stupid, but I don't know where to look for it. Is it possible that some other package I load loaded `hyperref` on it own? Any ideas are welcomed. I'm really puzzled.


title: Break between words when line becomes too full

text: This example:               \font\standard="Arial Unicode MS" at 10pt     \standard          \newlanguage\nohyphens     \language=\nohyphens          \hsize = 150mm     \parindent = 0pt          \vbox{       \setbox2=\hbox{\hskip12pt‣\hskip3dd}       \hangindent=\wd2\leavevmode\box2 kopf- und fußgesteuerte Schleife, boolesche Ausdrücke, boolesche Operatoren, Struktogramme, Struktogramme, Struktogramme, Struktogramme     }          \bye      gives this overfull hbox: ![without tolerance](http://i.stack.imgur.com/IKFHH.png) How can I tell TeX to put the first "Struktogramme" in a new line, so the box isn't overfull anymore? I tried setting `\tolerance=10000` but that gives this strange breaking point: ![with tolerance](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ib3l6.png)


title: Beamer how to change color of infolines and frame title

text: How could I change the color of color of infolines and frame title in beamer. I am using this now               \documentclass[xcolor=dvipsnames]{beamer}     \usetheme{CambridgeUS}     \useinnertheme{rectangles}     \useoutertheme{infolines}     \usecolortheme[named=Brown]{structure}       I need to change the color from red to brown. `[named=Brown]` doesn't work for `\useoutertheme{infolines}`. This is my current output. I also need to change the background of frame title (mouse pointer) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/hwCgi.jpg)


title: beamer: how to render a tweet?

text: A few years ago, I've processed the XML output of the twitter API with a XSLT stylesheet to produce some FOP-based slides reproducing the pages of twitter: (e.g: http://www.slideshare.net/lindenb/bioinfo-tweets ) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/aEv92.jpg) What would be the best way to achieve this in `beamer`?


title: Why can't I vertically align these two matrices?

text: Why won't these matrices become left-aligned?               \documentclass[11pt,a4paper,oneside]{report}      \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}      \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}      \usepackage{fouriernc}     \usepackage{mathtools}     \usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb,amsthm}     \usepackage[a4paper, hmargin={3.5cm,3cm}, vmargin={2.5cm,2.5cm}]{geometry} % margin     \usepackage{multicol}               \begin{document}     \begin{align*}     &\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.4}     \begin{bmatrix}     a_{1}&u_{2}&\frac{a_{1}}{d}u_{3}\\     a_{2}&u_{1}&\frac{a_{2}}{d}u_{3}\\     a_{3}&0&u_{4}\\     \end{bmatrix}\\     \intertext{with}      &\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.4}     \begin{vmatrix}     a_{1}&u_{2}&\frac{a_{1}}{d}u_{3}\\     a_{2}&u_{1}&\frac{a_{2}}{d}u_{3}\\     a_{3}&0&u_{4}     \end{vmatrix}=1     \end{align*}     \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/d9fwb.jpg) Thank you


title: How to make a radian argument still get interpreted in radian when working with \psplot in PostScript form?

text: When using `\psplot` in PS form (or `algebraic=false`) the interval must be specified in degrees. However, sometimes, I need `algebraic=false` but interval is given in radian. Is it possible to achieve this scenario? The following code shows that the output of plotting `r=2^(x/2)` (radius as a function of angle `x`) with `algebraic=false` and `algebraic=true` are different because PSTricks assumes that interval in first case is in degrees.               \documentclass[preview,border=12pt]{standalone}     \usepackage{pst-plot}     \psset{polarplot}          \begin{document}     \begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-3,-3)(3,3)         \psplot{2 Pi mul neg}{2 Pi mul}{2 x  10 div exp}     \end{pspicture}\qquad     \begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-3,-3)(3,3)         \psplot[algebraic]{2 Pi mul neg}{2 Pi mul}{2^(x/10)}     \end{pspicture}     \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/9kRo4.png) How to make a radian argument still get interpreted in radian when working with `\psplot` in PostScript form?


title: Vertical distribution over multiple pages

text: I want to distribute several elements over multiple pages with a gap between these elements. The gaps should roughly have the same height. Example:               element1          \vspace*{\fill}          element2          \vspace*{\fill}          element3          \vspace*{\fill}          element 4          \vspace*{\fill}      If only the first three elements fit on the first page, I get something like this,               +--------+    +--------+     |element1|    |element4|     |        |    |        |     |element2|    |        |     |        |    |        |     |element3|    |        |     |        |    |        |     +--------+    +--------+      but I want a distribution like this               +--------+    +--------+     |element1|    |element3|     |        |    |        |     |        |    |        |     |element2|    |element4|     |        |    |        |     |        |    |        |     +--------+    +--------+      Furthermore, I want the elements are always spread over an even number of pages. The background of this question is the following: I would like to print out my digital calendar (*.ics) in a typical filofax-style with two pages per week. Each day should have some space for handwritten notes in order to add appointments, todos etc. I sometimes have more appointments at the beginning of the weeks, sometimes at the weekends, so a fixed pagebreak between Wednesday and Thursday wouldn't be a good solution. In very rare cases, a week doesn't even fit onto two pages, so it would be nice to automatically distribute the days over an even number of pages. Is it at all possible to have something like a `\multipagevfill` or is TeX only able to focus on one page at once? Maybe with additional runs like supertabular?


title: Making hhline work together with arydshln

text: I am trying to create Optimality Theory tableaux (a specific type of tables used in linguistics). These tableaux generally look like the following - the important thing is that both the first column and the first row are "separated" from the rest of the table: ![The compiled MWE without loading the arydshln package](http://i57.tinypic.com/vke88.png) (note that in larger tables, the 2nd to nth columns and rows look like in any other table; that is, they are separated by a single line only) MWE that works:               \documentclass{scrartcl}     %\usepackage{arydshln}     \usepackage{hhline}     %\usepackage{arydshln}     \begin{document}     \begin{tabular}{|r||c|}\hhline{|-||-|}     a & b\\\hhline{:=::=:}     c & d\\\hhline{|-||-|}     \end{tabular}     \end{document}      The problem is that I also require the ability to use a dashed vertical line in my tables instead of the regular |. The arydshln package provides this; it allows you to use : in your tabular spec to get a dashed line. The problem is that even _loading_ this package (before _or_ after hhline) screws up the table -- the below is just with either of the commented lines in the MWE uncommented: ![The compiled MWE with arydshln loaded](http://i61.tinypic.com/by4n4.png) I have been able to find three references that have a samilar problem, in that their posters were attempting to use arydshln and hhline together:   * Dashed hline in longtabu (arydshln conflicts, does not work?)   * Conflict between \hline and arydshln in aligned environment?   * Tables with colored cells and dashed lines But these problems were all solved by using a different approach, e.g. using TikZ to draw the "table". This is not an option for me; I really wish to use the tabular environment here. Is it in any way possible to have both dashed vertical lines (what I need arydshln for) and to be able to "separate" the first column and the first row from the rest of the table as in the first picture?


title: How can I define a different style for edges and nodes?

text: Given this image (a simple edge between two nodes):               \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,line join=bevel,]       \node (a1) at (44bp,8bp) [draw,trapezium] {$A$};       \node (d1) at (44bp,82bp) [draw,trapezium, shape border rotate=180] {$B$};       \draw [->] (d1) ..controls (44bp,62.836bp) and (44bp,41.478bp)  .. node {$edge$} (a1);     \end{tikzpicture}      I defined:               \tikzstyle{every node}=[drop shadow, fill=white, draw]      What happends is that also the node on the edge gets rendered in a box and with shadow. I want the edge label to be just the text without loosing the `every node` rule. Thus my question is: Is there a way I can specify specific rendering for nodes in edges while keeping all other nodes with shadow? I must note that my tikz picture is generated, thus I only have control over the `every` styles.


title: Using string variable with LaTeX

text: I would like to define one variable containing some text that can be changed locally. The following code gives one example of the featuring I'm looking for.               \documentclass{article}         \newcommand{\someSpecialText}{A text that can be changed locally...}         \newcommand{\testIt}{The value of someSpecialText is : ''\someSpecialText''.}          \begin{document}          % The default behavior.     \testIt          % Here I would like to change the definition of `\someSpecialText`     % or anywhere else in the document.     \testIt          \end{document}


title: Tabularx with multi-column and multi-row

text: I used the following code to create table               \usepackage{multirow}     \usepackage{tabularx}     \usepackage{booktabs}     \newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X} % for ragged-right material     \newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}   % for centered material               \begin{document}          \begin{table}                \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{LLLL}              \hline\noalign{\smallskip}            \multicolumn{2}{l}{Processes Types} & \multirow{2}{*}{}{Data movement Description} & \multirow{2}{*}{}{Data measurement Description}\\\cmidrule(lr){1-2}            Functional Process & Service process \\           \noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}            Data1 & Data2 & Data3 & Data4\\            \hline            \end{tabularx}               \end{table}     \end{document}      How can I eliminate the specified space in figure 1 to be like figure 2? ![Figure 1](http://i.stack.imgur.com/UUHFU.png) ![Figure 2](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ysh0m.png) Thanks.


title: Multiple subequation labels in one \ref

text: I'm trying to write a macro that puts subequations' labels in parentheses in a compact form. For example, if I have               \begin{subequations}     \begin{align}         y - ax &= b \label{subeq1}\\         x^2 + y^2 &= r^2 \label{subeq2}     \end{align}     \end{subequations}      with the two equations being tagged as (1a) and (1b), then I want to be able to type `\ref{subeq1,subeq2}` and get (1a,b). Similarly, if I have three subequations, say (2a), (2b) and (2c) with labels `subeq3`, `subeq4` and `subeq5` respectively, then I want to be able to type `\ref{subeq3,subeq4,subeq5}` and get (2a--c). I would like this to work for any number of subequations.


title: Can one pass a pgf array to a pgf math function?

text: I'd like to define:                anglearray(\A,\I,\L) = array(\A,Mod(\I,\L)) + 360*floor((\I+0.1)/\L);      but I get strange errors about "`! Missing number, treated as zero.`" and the "array" part appears to evaluate to 0. Here is a fairly minimal example that shows a really dumb-looking work-around (that more or less loses any of the advantages of writing it as a function).               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \begin{document}     \newcommand{\showB}[1]{\typeout{\string#1=\meaning#1}}.     \begin{tikzpicture}[         declare function={           anglearray1(\AI,\I,\L) = \AI + 360*floor((\I+0.1)/\L);           anglearray2(\A,\I,\L) = array(\A,Mod(\I,\L)) + 360*floor((\I+0.1)/\L);         }     ]     % Spin around a circle stopping at 10 and 190 degrees     \foreach \i in {-10,...,10} {       \pgfmathsetmacro{\X}{anglearray1(array({10,190},Mod(\i,2)),\i,2)}       \showB\X     }     % Spin around a circle stopping at 10 and 190 degrees; doesn't work     \foreach \i in {-10,...,10} {       \pgfmathsetmacro{\X}{anglearray2({10,190},\i,2)}       \showB\X     }     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      I'm using PGF 2.10 from TexLive 2011 of today.


title: How to better adjust placement of frametitle converted to marginpar in beamerarticle?

text: I'm using `beamer` and `beamerarticle` for my class notes. I would like to include `frametitles` as margin notes in `<article>` mode aligned with frame content but they are a little bit misplaced. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/7U9Xd.png) According to LaTeX reference manual > The `\marginpar` command creates a note in the margin. The first line of the > note will have the same baseline as the line in the text where the > \marginpar occurs. So, I think this misalignment is produced because there is no line (`frametitle` disappears) to be used as reference. Do you know how can it be improved? Previous example was obtained with next code               %\documentclass{beamer}     \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{beamerarticle}          \usepackage{lipsum}          \mode<article>{\setbeamertemplate{frametitle}{%            \marginpar{\insertframetitle\\%            \scriptsize\insertframesubtitle}}}          \begin{document}          \begin{frame}{Frame 1}     \lipsum[1]     \end{frame}          \begin{frame}{Frame 2}     \only<article>{\lipsum[3]}     \lipsum[2]     \end{frame}          \begin{frame}{This is a long frame title}     \lipsum[3]     \end{frame}          \end{document}


title: tabularx with rotatebox and top-alignment

text: I would like to write a table with column name in a rotatebox. The problem is that I can't make the row title in 2 lines and rotated and then, the content in itemize is not top-aligned. Can you help me doing what I want. Here is my code :               \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|l|X|X|}         \hline          & \textbf{column title1} & \textbf{column title2} \\          \hline          \parbox{1cm}{\rotatebox{90}{\textbf{title1\\ on 2 lines}}}         &         \begin{itemize}             \item content item1 top aligned.             \item content item2.         \end{itemize}         &         \begin{itemize}             \item content item1 top aligned.             \item content item2.         \end{itemize} \\          \hline           & \textbf{column title1} & \textbf{column title2} \\          \hline         \parbox{1cm}{\rotatebox{90}{\textbf{title2\\ on 2 lines}}}          &         \begin{itemize}             \item content item1 top aligned.             \item content item2.         \end{itemize}         &         \begin{itemize}             \item content item1 top aligned.             \item content item2.         \end{itemize} \\          \hline     \end{tabularx}      Thanks for your replies. ps: sorry for my English, I'm a french tex user :)


title: texmaker forward/backward search

text: I am using texmaker 4.0.3 and would like to use forward/backward search. If if right-click my tex document I get the possibility 'go to pdf', but it doesnt seem to do anything. I suppose my configurations are somehow wrong, but I couldn't figure out how to get them right. These are my configurations:               latex -synctex=1  -interaction=nonstopmode %.tex     pdflatex  -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode %.tex          xelatex -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode %.tex     latexmk -e "$pdflatex=q/pdflatex -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode/" -pdf %.tex     bibtex %.aux     makeindex %.idx     dvips -o %.ps %.dvi     dvipdfm %.dvi     ps2pdf %.ps     mpost --interaction nonstopmode     "C:/Program Files/Asymptote/asy.exe" %.asy     "C:/Program Files/gs/gs9.05/bin/gswin32c.exe"     C:/Program Files/R/R-2.13.2/bin/R.exe CMD Sweave %.Rnw          DVI:     "C:/Program Files (x86)/MiKTeX 2.9/miktex/bin/yap.exe" -1  -s @%.tex   %.dvi          Ps:     "C:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"   %.ps          Pdf viewer:     pdf internal viewer used and additionally this statement     "C:/Program Files (x86)/Adobe/Reader 10.0/Reader/AcroRd32.exe"  %.pdf


title: How much space between number and unit?

text: Javier Bezos (famous of `titlsec`, `tensind`, `spanish` ... packages; and now maintainer of `babel`) wrote a nice book on typography and scientific notation in spanish. He says (pag. 82) that the space between the number and the unit should be a thin space on displayed equations; but a word space on the text. I couldn't find this distinction in the SI documentation; and I have no access to the ISO 80000. I think that `siunitx` puts a thin space always. (I made a small text and `\showoutput` shows the smae glue and boxed between the number and unit. I look to the `siunitx` code but I can not say say if `\SI` checks if tis in a display equation or in a in-line one. My questions:   1. Is the advice given by Javier an international convention? or it is only applicable to the Spanish language?    2. Would it be possible to by `siunitx` to automatically detect the kind of equation and apply different spacing? **EDIT 1** From Javier's answer I understand that the typography convention that he explained in the book will work as following               In the text I will write sentences like the following.      The value of the parameter $a$ is $5\text{~}\mathrm{m}$,      but on the other hand, $3\,\mathrm{km} + 500\,\mathrm{m}$ and      probably $c = 3005\,\mathrm{m}$.          Finding a displayed equation with units should be possible:     \begin{equation}     c = 3000\,\mathrm{m} + 5\,\mathrm{m}     \end{equation}     And isolated magnitude as display equation can be the answer to an exercise.     The result is     \begin{equation}     \boxed{3005\text{ }\mathrm{m}}     \end{equation}


title: pgfplotstable column width & row height

text: I am drawing a large heatmap containing only colors using `\pgfplotstabletypeset`. The table contains 103 columns, and 111 rows, **which I am trying to squeeze in the area of`13cm * 16cm`**. In order to save horizontal space, I have rotated the labels in the first row by 90 degrees, but the columns are still much too wide. Simultaneously, rows are too tall. **I would like to specify table cell width and height.** I'm not worried about the labels in the 1st row/column becoming super-tiny as a result of this. How do I do that? Below, you'll find my MWE. It's inspired by this question. The only thing I found regarding the adjustment of column widths in pgfplotstable can be found in Sec. 2.3 of the pgfplotstablr docs. I already applied that in my MWE, but it doesn't do much in my favor.               \documentclass{standalone}          \listfiles     \usepackage{colortbl}     \usepackage{array}     \usepackage{filecontents}     \usepackage{pgfplotstable}     \usetikzlibrary{pgfplots.colormaps}          \pgfplotsset{compat=1.9}     \pgfplotsset{         colormap={myCustomColorMap}{             color(0)=(blue);             color(1)=(red);         },     }          % http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/158985/31877     \pgfplotstableset{         /color cells/min/.initial=0,         /color cells/max/.initial=1000,         /color cells/textcolor/.initial=,         /color cells/colormap name/.initial=,% this was added         %         % Usage: 'color cells={min=<value which is mapped to lowest color>,          %   max = <value which is mapped to largest>}         color cells/.code={%             \pgfqkeys{/color cells}{#1}%             \pgfkeysalso{%                 postproc cell content/.code={%                     \begingroup                     % acquire the value before any number printer changed it:                     \pgfkeysgetvalue{/pgfplots/table/@preprocessed cell content}\value                     \ifx\value\empty                         \endgroup                     \else                     \pgfkeys{/pgf/fpu=true}%                     \pgfmathparse{log10(\value)}%                     \pgfmathfloattofixed{\pgfmathresult}%                     \let\value=\pgfmathresult                     \pgfkeys{/pgf/fpu=false}%                     % map that value:                     \pgfplotscolormapaccess                         [\pgfkeysvalueof{/color cells/min}:\pgfkeysvalueof{/color cells/max}]                         {\value}                         {\pgfkeysvalueof{/color cells/colormap name}}% I CHANGED THIS                     % now, \pgfmathresult contains {<R>,<G>,<B>}                     %                      % acquire the value AFTER any preprocessor or                     % typesetter (like number printer) worked on it:                     \pgfkeysgetvalue{/pgfplots/table/@cell content}\typesetvalue                     \pgfkeysgetvalue{/color cells/textcolor}\textcolorvalue                     % tex-expansion control                     \toks0=\expandafter{\empty}%\typesetvalue}%                     \xdef\temp{%                         \noexpand\pgfkeysalso{%                             @cell content={%                                 \noexpand\cellcolor[rgb]{\pgfmathresult}%                                 \noexpand\definecolor{mapped color}{rgb}{\pgfmathresult}%                                 \ifx\textcolorvalue\empty                                 \else                                     \noexpand\color{\textcolorvalue}%                                 \fi                                 \the\toks0 %                             }%                         }%                     }%                     \endgroup                     \temp                     \fi                 }%             }%         }     }          \pgfmathdeclarefunction{lg10}{1}{%         \pgfmathparse{ln(#1)/ln(10)}%     }          \begin{filecontents}{data.csv}     item,Xa,Xb,Ya,Yb,Za,Zb     a,2,,2,,783764,783764     b,,2,,,500000,500000     c,,5,,,100000,100000     d,2,,8,,20000,20000     e,,,,,10000,10000     f,,,,3,5000,5000     g,,2,,,1000,1000     h,6,,,4,500,500     i,,,4,,100,100     j,,,,,50,50     k,,2,,,10,10     l,,,7,,5,5     m,,6,,3,2,2     n,,,,,1,1     \end{filecontents}          \begin{document}     \newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{1mm}}          \pgfplotstabletypeset[         font=\tiny,         every head row/.style={             typeset cell/.code={             \ifnum\pgfplotstablecol=1                 \pgfkeyssetvalue{/pgfplots/table/@cell content}{&}%             \else                 \ifnum\pgfplotstablecol=\pgfplotstablecols                     \pgfkeyssetvalue{/pgfplots/table/@cell content}{\rotatebox{90}{##1}\\}%                 \else                     \pgfkeyssetvalue{/pgfplots/table/@cell content}{\rotatebox{90}{##1}&}%                 \fi             \fi             }         },         %max=lg10(783764)         colorCell/.style={             column type=C,             color cells={min=0,max=5.9,colormap name=myCustomColorMap}         },         itemCell/.style={             string type,             column name={},         },         col sep=comma,         columns={item,Xa,Xb,Ya,Yb,Za,Zb},         columns/item/.style={itemCell},         columns/Xa/.style={colorCell},         columns/Xb/.style={colorCell},         columns/Ya/.style={colorCell},         columns/Yb/.style={colorCell},         columns/Za/.style={colorCell},         columns/Zb/.style={colorCell},     ]{data.csv}          \end{document}      ![rendering](http://i.stack.imgur.com/aRN7U.jpg)


title: Remove label A from Appendix

text: I'm using the appendix package to format my thesis. The issue is in the naming of the Appendix within the TOC. Currently it looks like this: APPENDIX A > LIST OF TABLES....................................... iv > > LIST OF FIGURES...................................... v ... > > APPENDIX A ........................................ 15 > > BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................... 25 How do I force LaTeX to remove the A? Below is the MWE I'm using.               %\listfiles          \documentclass[lscape]{msu-thesis}     % lscape option is needed for this sample file to show correct placement     % of page numbers on landscape pages. If you don't have any landscape pages     % in your document, you don't need to load this option.     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{mathptmx}     \usepackage{amsmath}     % If you need newlines in your title, you must use \protect\\     \title{Topics in the Syntax and Semantics of Phonology}     \author{Joe Linguist}     \fieldofstudy{Linguistics}     \dedication{This thesis is dedicated to someone.}     \date{2010}          \usepackage{lipsum}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{xcolor}     \usepackage{gb4e}     \usepackage{cgloss}     \usepackage{natbib}                    \counterwithin{exx}{chapter}     \bibliographystyle{unified}     \singlegloss     % Uncomment the next two lines for single spaced examples with gb4e     %\let\oldexe\exe     %\renewcommand{\exe}{\SingleSpacing\oldexe}          \begin{document}     \frontmatter     \maketitlepage     \begin{abstract}     \lipsum     \end{abstract}     \clearpage     \makecopyrightpage     \makededicationpage     \clearpage     \chapter*{Acknowledgements}     \DoubleSpacing     \lipsum[1]     \clearpage     \SingleSpacing     \tableofcontents* % ToC will not appear in the table of contents     \clearpage     \listoftables     \clearpage     \listoffigures     \mainmatter     % The next command changes chapters in the TOC to have no dotted leader     %\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\renewcommand{\protect\cftchapterdotsep}{\cftnodots}}     \chapter{Introduction}     \section{Some section}     \lipsum[2]          \subsection{Subsection}     \lipsum     \subsubsection{Subsubsection}          % Uncomment this next command if you have more than one appendix     %\appendicestrue     % This command creates the cover page for the appendix/appendices     \makeappendixcover     \appendix     \chapter{An appendix}     \lipsum[9-15]     \backmatter     % The next command forces the Bibliography to have a dotted leader     % (May not be required)     \addtocontents{toc}{%        \protect\renewcommand{\protect\cftchapterdotsep}{\cftdotsep}}     \SingleSpacing     % This command creates the cover page for the bibliography     \makebibliographycover          \bibliography{MSU-thesis-testfile}     \end{document}


title: Typographic issues in definitions of newcommands

text: Sir, I have small issues with two newcommand   1. I have this definition that I do not like:              \def\DDbar {\ensuremath{\kern -0.1em \stackrel{\kern 0.1em \textsf{\fontsize{5pt}{1em}\selectfont(---)}}{D}\kern -0.3em}\xspace}      do you know how to improve it? What I need is something similar to this              \def\Dbar    {\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \PD}{}\xspace}      where, instead of a single bar, I want a bar within parentheses.   2. My second issue is with               \def\sPlot  {\ensuremath{\hbox{$_s$}{\mathcal P}lot}\xspace}      it shows what I want but why on earth do I need the `$_s$` inside an `\ensuremath`? Is that because of `\hbox`? If I take the `$$` away the command will not work in normal text writing. Thank again for your precious help.


title: ClassicThesis Changing the font to computer modern

text: I am super sorry for this question as it is very basic and probably answered many times.. I really like the ClassicThesis format a lot! However, I am not really a big fan of the Palatino font for the body of text. I prefer computer modern or latin modern. In the `classicthesis-config.tex` file, I have activated the line:               \usepackage{hfoldsty}       However, compared to the `book` document class the fonts are fuzzy and bitmapped: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/R7e7j.png) Is there a way to solve this issue, do I need to change something in the preamble or install a particular package?


title: Spacing Characters appearing in bibtex output

text: BibTeX has been giving me a weird output. I have the following entry in my `.bib` file:               @book{nathanson,     Author = {Melvyn B. Nathanson},     Title = {Additive Number Theory: the Classical Bases},     Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},     Year = {1996},     Place = {New York}     }      When I run BibTeX, the output for this entry is:               \bibitem{nathanson}     Melvyn~B. Nathanson.     \newblock {\em Additive Number Theory: the Classical Bases}.     \newblock Springer-Verlag, 1996.      Why is the `\em` appearing in the title of the book? I have tried to use BibTeX several times, and this happens every time. Every time I run `bibtex`, I have to go out of my way to delete this. Can anyone explain how to get `bibtex` to stop inserting this `\em` command?


title: How to enlarge the header of a fancy page style?

text: I am using a `fancy` page style for my report. I am using the following code to set the width of the body:               \usepackage[left=3cm, right=2.5cm, top=2.65cm, bottom=2.65cm]{geometry}      However, the bar in the header is not taking the same width. I would like to know how to fix the width of the black bar in the header.


title: Changing the default file path for \addplot table {myfile}

text: Is there a way to add a file path prefix (ideally defined by a key) to the "argument" of `\addplot table`. Something like               \documentclass{standalone}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \pgfplotsset{%       table file path/.initial = {./}}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}       \begin{axis}         \pgfplotsset{%           table file path = {./cvsfile/}}         % Plot ./cvsfile/myfile         \addplot table {myfile};       \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}


title: Replicate the Fourier transform time-frequency domains correspondence illustration using TikZ

text: The following time-frequency correspondence illustration is in the wikipedia entry of the Fourier transform. ![t-f](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Y5EAf.png) Also a gif animation version (if the animation doesn't show, please open the following image in a new window): ![t-fgif](http://i.stack.imgur.com/27HVo.gif) This picture has so much explanatory power, and I would like to replicate it in `TikZ` for future use. Here is what I came up with:               \documentclass{minimal}     \usepackage{tikz}          \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}     [x={(1cm,0.5cm)},z={(0cm,0.5cm)},y={(1cm,-0.2cm)}]     \draw[->,thick,blue!90] (0,6.5,0) -- (6.2,6.5,0) node[right] {Frequency};     \draw[->,thick,red!90] (0,0,0) -- (0,6.5,0) node[below] {Time};     \draw[->,thick] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,2) node[above] {Magnitude};     \foreach \x in {0.5,1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5,5.5}{       \draw[blue!50] (\x,0,0)       \foreach \y in {0,0.02,...,6.28}{         -- ({\x},{\y},{sin(\x*\y*(157))/sqrt(2*\x)})       };       \draw[blue!90, thick] (\x,6.5,0) -- (\x,6.5,1/\x);     }          \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      This is the output so far. ![fourier](http://i.stack.imgur.com/PkMyZ.png) I have two questions:   * How to produce that red superposed sine wave of all the blue sine waves? I don't know if there is a sum function or I have to use loop yet again?   * How to make the camera projection in `TikZ` more similar to the perspective in that wikipedia illustration? Any suggestion and tweaking of the parameters I used in the sample drawing are welcome as well. Thanks in advance! * * * _**Update 1:_** Here is a new version using `tikz`, more readable than the first one. Yet the superposition of the sine waves are done manually...I still don't know how to use `foreach` to produce a sum.               \begin{tikzpicture}[x={(1cm,0.5cm)},z={(0cm,0.5cm)},y={(1cm,-0.2cm)}]     \draw[->,thick,black!70] (0,6.5,0) -- (6.2,6.5,0) node[right] {Frequency};     \draw[->,thick,black!70] (0,0,0) -- (0,6.5,0) node[below right] {Time};     \draw[->,thick] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,2) node[above] {Magnitude};     \foreach \y in {0.5,1.5,...,5.5}{     \draw [cyan!50, domain=0:2*pi,samples=200,smooth]       plot (\y,\x, {sin(4*\y*\x r)/\y });     \draw[blue, ultra thick] (\y,6.5,0) -- (\y,6.5,1/\y);     }     \draw [red, thick, domain=0:2*pi,samples=200,smooth]      plot (0,\x, {sin(4*0.5*\x r)/0.5 + sin(4*1.5*\x r)/1.5 + sin(4*2.5*\x r)/2.5 + sin(4*3.5*\x r)/3.5 + sin(4*4.5*\x r)/4.5 + sin(4*5.5*\x r)/5.5} );     \end{tikzpicture}      The result is as follows:![fourier2](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Ofkna.png)


title: Fourier transform visualization in 3D

text: I want to plot this (based on this image from Wikipedia): ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/hmaL2.png) As far I get this:               \documentclass[tikz,border={20pt}]{standalone}          \usepackage{pgfplots}     \pgfplotsset{compat=1.10}     % \pgfplotsset{samples=60}          \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[view={45}{30},domain=0:4*pi,axis x line=none,axis y line=none,axis z line=none]     \addplot3[thick,blue!70,no markers,samples y=0] (x,0,{sin(pi * deg(x) / 5)});     \addplot3[thin,gray] (x,0,0);     \addplot3[thick,blue!70,no markers,samples y=0] (x,1,{1/3 * sin(3 * pi * deg(x) / 5)});     \addplot3[thin,gray] (x,1,0);     \addplot3[thick,blue!70,no markers,samples y=0] (x,2,{1/5 * sin(pi * deg(x))});     \addplot3[thin,gray] (x,2,0);     \addplot3[thick,blue!70,no markers,samples y=0] (x,3,{1/7 * sin(7 * pi * deg(x) / 5)});     \addplot3[thin,gray] (x,3,0);     \addplot3[thick,blue!70,no markers,samples y=0] (x,4,{1/9 * sin(9 * pi * deg(x) / 5)});     \addplot3[thin,gray] (x,4,0);          \addplot3[thick,red!70,no markers,samples y=0] (x,-1,{sin(pi * deg(x) / 5) + 1/3 * sin(3 * pi * deg(x) / 5) + 1/5 * sin(pi * deg(x)) + 1/7 * sin(7 * pi * deg(x) / 5) + 1/9 * sin(9 * pi * deg(x) / 5)});     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Mnq4i.png) So far I have next issues:   * out of memory for larger `samples`;   * how to add grey rectangles;   * optimize code (it's really robust and straightforward now);   * plot with lines on the left.


title: Vertically Centering Math and Text in Array?

text: One problem I've always had is trying to make text and/or math text vertically centered in either the `tabular` or `array` environments. Take this for example:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \newcommand{\firstpartial}[1]{\dfrac{\partial}{\partial {#1}}}     \begin{document}     \[     \begin{array}{|l|l|}     \hline     \firstpartial{x}\left[f(x,y)\right] = 2xy & \text{Differentiate with respect to }x\text{, treating }y \text{ as a constant.}\\[4ex]     \hline      \end{array}     \]     \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Ficx6.png) I would like to **vertically** center both the math and the text in both columns. How can I do this?


title: How can I type "lambda-bar"?

text: I would like to be able to add the symbol "lambda-bar" (see below) into an equation. How can I do this? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/OPmAc.png)


title: Texmaker, LED preview enabling

text: I have both texmaker and LED, but I do not know how to enable option that let me type and then after compile shows what I typed in the right pane (preview pane). In most of images I found from these two editors even in your website, it should be possible to be done but it might be funny I cannot do that and when I compile my document I have to go to the folder I created document and jut keep looking at document as I compiled, which is annoying and for large document is impossible. http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/ http://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/2144/latex-editor-for-windows- with-live-preview


title: \framebox and tabbing not working together

text: I wanted to frame in a box a text which includes `tabbing`. Both `\framebox` and `tabbing` works fine separately but cannot make them work together.               \framebox{     \begin{tabbing}      \textit{Input:} \hspace*{13mm} \= assd \\     \textit{Problem:} \> adas  \\     \end{tabbing}     }


title: Default layout is not as expected

text: I just started to learn LaTeX after seeing some amazing examples of scientific articles produced using it; I was also told that, unlike some other other text programs, LaTeX automatically produces articles respecting some publication standards. Well, after playing around with it for a while, I have to say my PDFs are anything but pretty, particularly when compared to those examples I mentioned before! My margins are really too large, my font size seem to be too small, my default paper is not A4 (and even when I set it manually to A4, the top margin then take an even more ridiculous amount of space). After reading a bit, I obviously found out how to control these elements, but the whole point for me to start learning LaTeX was not to fool around with such things. So here is (are) my question(s): am I doing something wrong? Is all this a matter of configuration? Or am I being delusional and my output PDFs actually ARE all in the expected standards? (I am using MiKTeX, and I tried three editors so far: TeXworks, LyX and WinEdt8) Here are some examples I found on the internet of what I am talking about. The first seems to me as a simple article without any extra layout commands. Notice the size of the margins, fonts, etc. This is how my PDFs look like. http://www.phys.vt.edu/~jhs/phys3154/TeXandLaTeX.pdf Now compare that previous PDF with this one here: http://academic.reed.edu/physics/courses/Physics332.s08/campus/pdf/FakeArticle.pdf Unfortunately this one is written in two column format but I couldn't find another example online with just one column. Note how everything is balanced, how the margins are small, how the font is smaller as well, etc. As a final note, I just would like to say that I really don't mind learning LaTex and that I am not expecting to produce amazing documents from day one; I just think that, in case my problems here are really sound, then I might have came to LaTeX with the wrong set of mind. Thanks a lot!


title: Wrong roman numbering in toc

text: I have two types on numbering, roman for toc tof and tables and arabic for the document. I'm using               \usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}     \usepackage{bookmark}      and the code is written this way.               \setcounter{page}{1}     \pagenumbering{roman}          \tableofcontents     \providecommand\phantomsection{}     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Contents}          \clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}\phantom{a}\mbox{}\clearpage          \listoffigures     \providecommand\phantomsection{}     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Figures}               \clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}\phantom{a}\mbox{}\clearpage          \listoftables     \providecommand\phantomsection{}     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Tables}          \clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}\phantom{a}\mbox{}\clearpage      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/SsF9J.png) As you can see in the index they are not correctly numbered. The numbers on toc correspond to the last page of each section.


title: All letters in uppercase, but the first letter bigger than the other ones

text: I want to know how can I achieve this effect in LaTeX: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/WjK7b.jpg) Basically it looks like this: {F}IRST {L}ETTER, where the letters in the braces are a little bigger than the other ones but they all the letters are uppercase. Any suggestions?


title: How to further capitalize the First letter of a word already in block?

text: What I am wishing for is something like the capitalization of word in block in section headings. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/3mqlf.png) How may I have it in normal text mode? e.g. > I want to further capitalize the `B` in `BLOCK`.


title: Remove pagebreak after a chapter (Only for one chapter!)

text: I am using the **report** style. I have a conclusion chapter and an acknowledgement chapter. I want to bind them together as they are both very short. I want to remove the Pagebreak after conclusion **but only do so in this instance** so it doesn't affect other chapters. I have seen similar questions answered but they either redefine the behavior for all chapters, or don't work for the report style.


title: TexMaker, Message/Log file does not show by default when use pdflatex (F6). Ubuntu 12.04

text: Each time I use pdflatex(F6), if there is errors, only the following two lines are shown.               Process started     Process exited with error(s)      I have to go to "View" / "Message/Log file" (F10) to see the error information. I find a related post which blame this by using luatex, however, which is not my case.


title: Install Biber in MiKTeX on a 64-bit version of Windows

text: The question Biblatex + Biber + Texmaker + MiKTeX describe how to use Biber with MiKTeX. But on the 64-bit version of MiKTeX Biber isn't installed. How it is possible to install Biber on a 64-bit version of Windows? Can I use this file?


title: How to embed multi-line block of text in maths

text: What is the best way to embed a multi-line block of text, surrounded by curly braces, in maths mode? The best I can do is the following hack.               \[     {\text{bounded WD-representations}      \brace      \text{of $W_K$ over $\overline{\mathbf{Q}}_l$}}     \]


title: want table to look like this

text: I use lyx with `elsarticle` class with two-column document but I made span columns so table will span over the two columns. I tried it with adding the `caption` package:               \usepackage[labelfont=bf,labelsep=newline,        justification=raggedright,singlelinecheck=false,        font=small]{caption}      There I still have the following problems:   1- space or newline between caption and top of table   2- the word **Table1** has larger size than caption text   3- the table is not full width of page as the other Can I do the required without this `caption` package if available in lyx and how? If I must use the `caption` package how to fix the above problems? Also, how to add the code in lyx? (I put previous one in Latex Preamble) This is what I want: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/5ItHe.png) This is what I need to modify: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/JVOep.png)


title: (Right) angle relative to line in TikZ

text: Is there an equivalent of the `tkz-euclide` command `\tkzDefPointWith[orthogonal normed](Rx,Px) \tkzGetPoint{PRx}` in TikZ?


title: How to draw rotated parabola in LaTeX with using tikz and Bezier curve?

text: I tried this code:               \begin{tikzpicture}         \draw[semithick,->] (-2,0) -- (2,0) node[right] {$ x_1 $};         \draw[semithick,->] (0,-2) -- (0,2) node[left] {$ x_2 $};            \path[thick,blue,draw] (-2,2) .. controls (0,1) .. (0,0) .. controls (0,-1) .. (2,-2);         \path[thick,red,rotate=90,draw] (0,0) parabola (-2,-2);     \end{tikzpicture}      and got some curve (blue), but it's not a parabola! What I've done wrong?


![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/fHpOn.png) Is it necessary to disable virus scanner during TeX Live installation, and if so, why?


title: customizing part style with Tikz

text: How can I customize part style like below picture? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Opejd.jpg)


title: Two bibliographies?

text: I'd like to have two bibliographies in my document. The first one is the bibliography with some references from the text. I'd like to have the second bibliography just as a list output with alphadin-style without references from the text. I'm using LYX and all my references are labeled as `\cite{...}` which works quite well with one bib. Is there a possibility to keep the references in the text without modification (`\citefirst` e.g.) and have a second bibliography which is just visible at the end of the document?


title: Force all floats to the end of the document without using endfloat

text: What is the easiest way to have all floats forcibly appear at the end of the document, one per page? The `endfloat` package is not an option, see below. The following questions are related but not helpful: How to place all floats (tables in particular) at a certain point in the document Place all floats last without changing numbering ## Details In our environment we have wrappers for creating figures, tables etc.. The wrappers are implemented as environments to allow "everything" inside and furthermore accept, among others, the long and short caption name, the label and the contens of the figure. The implementation of the wrappers can be altered for different document layouts (caption above/below, figure separated by rule yes/no, ...). One particular layout requires each figure to be placed on a separate page after the main document. ## Own attempts The `endfloat` package comes to mind. However, I was unable to get it to work, as the figures are created by a wrapper. I have tried implementing this using `\gappto`: The figure-creating command would be just appended to a global hook which is executed just before `\end{document}`. This worked when the figure-creating wrapper was just a command, but now it's an environment to allow "everything" inside. I have added my attempt to the MnWE below, but this results in the following error message:               ! Extra }, or forgotten \endgroup.     \environment_richfigure_end_aux:w ...gure}\egroup           l.39       \end{richfigure}      How would you implement this? ## MnWE               \documentclass{scrartcl}     \pagestyle{empty}     \usepackage{caption}     \usepackage{xparse}     \usepackage{etoolbox}          \newcommand{\delayedfigures}{}          % Comment the following line to get working code     \newcommand{\dofigure}[1]{\gappto{\delayedfigures}{\clearpage#1}}          % The example works with the default implementation of \dofigure     \providecommand{\dofigure}[1]{#1}          %%   \begin{richfigure}     %%     [<placement>, e.g. htp (h=here, t=top, p=page)]     %%     {<short caption>}     %%     {<long caption>}     %%     {<\label{label}>}     %%       <\includegraphics[...]{figure}>     %%   \end{richfigure}     \NewDocumentEnvironment{richfigure}{O{tbp} m m m}{%       \dofigure\bgroup%{%         \begin{figure}[#1]%           \caption[#2]{#3}#4%             }{% Here, the contents of the environment are placed         \end{figure}%       \egroup%{     }          \gpreto{\enddocument}{\delayedfigures}          % Usage example     \begin{document}       Main document contents.            \begin{richfigure}{Short caption}{Long caption}{\label{fig:1}}         Figure contents.       \end{richfigure}            All figures are to appear on separate pages, one per page.     \end{document}


title: Why does this \pgfmathparse not work outside the \foreach loop?

text: The LaTeX code below builds in Sublime Text 2 and gives the results: > 7, -3.0, 4, -9.0, 11, -9.0, 1, two, 3.0, IV, cinq, sechs, 7.0, But it gives the following errors when I remove the % character: > ./example6.tex:12: Undefined control sequence. [\pgfmathparse{\myarray[3]}] > ./example6.tex:13: Paragraph ended before \pgfmath@dimen@@ was complete. [] I'm using the latest version of tikz 3.0 and the 2013 version of MacTeX.               \documentclass[12pt]{memoir}     \usepackage{tikz}          \begin{document}          \def\myarray{{7,-3,4,-9,11}}     \foreach \i in  {0,...,4}{\pgfmathparse{\myarray[\i]}\pgfmathresult, }     \pgfmathparse{\myarray[3]}\pgfmathresult,      \def\myarray{{1,"two",2+1,"IV","cinq","sechs",sin(\i*5)*14}}     \foreach \i in  {0,...,6}{\pgfmathparse{\myarray[\i]}\pgfmathresult, }     %\pgfmathparse{\myarray[3]}\pgfmathresult,           \end{document}


title: Minipages images location problem

text: I'm a n00b with LaTeX and I'm having some trouble with the minipages command. The pictures in this example end up floating overtop of the caption at the bottom for some reason.               \documentclass[12pt]{article}     \usepackage[dvips]{geometry}     \usepackage[dvips,final]{graphicx}          \begin{document}     \begin{figure}[htb]        \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth}           \centering           \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{picture1.eps}        \end{minipage}     \hfill        \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth}           \centering           \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{picture2.eps}        \end{minipage}        \caption{BLABLABLABLABLABLABL BALBLABLABLABLALBALBALBLABLBLABLABLABLABLABLBALABLBALBALBAL.}     \end{figure}     \end{document}      Also of note is that it works correctly on one machine, but incorrectly on another. I've tried reinstalling MiKTeX on the machine that doesn't work but had some trouble with the uninstall process. Any help with how to fix minipages or MiKTeX would be appreciated! Thanks!


title: tikz package for drawing thermodynamic cycles

text: Is there a extension of tikz library that allows one to draw thermodynamic cycles easily? For example the picture you see in the link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_heat_engine#mediaviewer/File:Carnot_heat_engine_2.svg If there is no library can someone suggest a easy way to go about this? Maybe provide an example? I have used LaTeX for a little over a year now but am just starting to draw in LaTeX with tikz.


The current v1.5 acro package (http://bitbucket.org/cgnieder/acro/wiki/Home, not the same as the also-popular acronym package) does not have an acronym invocation that automatically takes care of the possessive case, i.e., when the noun for which the acronym is followed immediately by an apostrophe "s". Some web search reveals some material that might be adaptable to handle the case, e.g., http://hstuart.dk/2007/08/03/programming-latex-—-writing-commands, but adapting it to the acro package will require much more knowledge of tex programming under-the-hood than I currently have. I realize that the knowledge can be acquired, but unfortunately, I have to make choices based on my timelines as well. This means rewording an otherwise efficiently constructed sentence to avoid apostrophe "s". Would this be trivial for someone to adapt for the acro package? This has been posted to: http://latex- community.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=24989 Acro package: Handling possessive case (apostrophe s)


title: How to control text margin in TikZ shapes

text: When using different shapes from TikZ library, they have different inner padding for text. Thus, for similar text, we will have nodes (shapes) with different sizes. Then, the child nodes will not be similar, and the whole tree will be clumsy. What is the standard method to unify the shape sizes having similar text therein. Here is a simple example, displaying the significant difference of trapezium and triangle.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{shapes,trees}     \begin{document}          \begin{tikzpicture}     \node[circle,fill=blue] (par) at (0,0) {Parent}         [level distance=4cm,sibling angle=45,clockwise from=80]         child {node[regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,fill=red] (child1) {Child 1}}         child {node[regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4,fill=yellow] (child2) {Child 2}}         child {node[trapezium,fill=green] (child3) {Child 3}};     \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ZyylB.png)


title: How can I put a white-space in the Path to .bib while compiling BibTex ?

text: I have a white-space in the Path to my `.bib` ... The Path is : `/Users/Alji/Google Drive/Recherche/Papers/LibraryBibDesk.bib` When I compile `BibTex` I get the following error when I compile `BibTex` :               This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2013)     The top-level auxiliary file: syn-mseg.aux     The style file: plain.bst     White space in argument---line 164 of file syn-mseg.aux      : \bibdata{/Users/Alji/Google\      :                              Drive/Recherche/Papers/LibraryBibDesk.bib}     I'm skipping whatever remains of this command     I found no database files---while reading file syn-mseg.aux     Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "Gordillo:2013aa"     (There were 2 error messages)      any help is a welcome ?


title: Draw a coat of arms in LaTeX

text: Over at academia.sx we are trying to create a community ad to try and get us promoted out of beta. We are looking to create a university type coat of arms/seal. I have seen some really great artwork on tex.sx, so I thought I would ask ...


title: Improve a fraction's appearance

text: I am using               \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}     \usepackage{kerkis}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage{amsfonts}     \usepackage{amsthm}     \begin{document}     \begin{equation}     \Omega(E)=\dfrac{ N!}{\left(\dfrac{N}{2}-\dfrac{E}{2\mu H}\right)!\left(\dfrac{N}{2}+\dfrac{E}{2\mu H}\right)!}\,\dfrac{\delta E}{2\mu H}     \label{eq:OmegaFinal}     \end{equation}     \end{document}      The output is ![](http://i.imgur.com/OU6G2.jpg) What I would like to have is the `2μΗ` to be better aligned to the left denominator. Secondly the factorial, would be better if it was longer.


title: Problem producing a pie chart

text: I tried producing a pie chart with `pgf-pie` (which seemed easy to me), but it was not available on my system and on MiKTex. So I tried this unsuccessfully. Kindly help.               \documentclass{beamer}     \usepackage{multicol}     \usepackage{datapie}     \usetheme{Warsaw}     \begin{filecontents}{institutes.csv}     Name,Quantity     "ERD", 50     "NERD",50     \end{filecontents}     \begin{filecontents}{population.csv}     Name,Quantity     "ERD", 30     "NERD", 70     \end{filecontents}          \DTLloaddb{institute}{institutes.csv}     \DTLloaddb{population}{population.csv}          \begin{document}     \begin{frame}{Are all the gastroesophageal reflux disease patients same? }     \begin{exampleblock}     {All patients present with  heart burn \texttt{and/or} regurgitation of sour fluid in mouth }So all these patients are same with varying severity of symptoms?     \end{exampleblock}     \begin{itemize}     \item upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy      \item 24 hour Ph-metry      \end{itemize}     \end{frame}          %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \begin{frame}{Endoscopy Data}     \begin{columns}[2]     \begin{column}[0.4\textwidth]     \begin{figure}[htbp]     \DTLpiechart{variable=\quantity,outerlabel=\name}{institute}{%     \name=Name,\quantity=Quantity}     \caption{A pie chart}      \end{figure}     \end{column}     \begin{column}[0.4\textwidth]     \begin{figure}[htbp]     \DTLpiechart{variable=\quantity,outerlabel=\name}{population}{%     \name=Name,\quantity=Quantity}     \caption{A pie chart}     \end{figure}     \end{column}     \end{columns}     \end{frame}     \end{document}


title: Should I load packages (for instance, all AMS packages) separately or all together?

text: I was reading some post here at SE and I noticed that many people load packages one by one. For example,               \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{amsfonts}     \usepackage{amsthm}      and so on. Usually, I load those on a single command, like               \usepackage{amsfonts,amsthm,amsmath,amssymb}      Is this correct or some problems could appear? I know that there are some packages which should be loaded before than others.


title: Scaling a (beamer)poster output

text: I use beamerposter with pdfLateX. I normally make the poster for A0 page size but need to reduce the size of (scale) the poster to a specific width to fit a smaller size frame used for showing posters in our department. I realize I could design the poster for a smaller size but still I need to switch between size. So, is there a simple way to scale the entire poster with its content already when compiling it?


title: Searching for up and down arrow symbol (⇅)

text: Whats the command for this symbol: ⇅ I've found ⇈ `\upuparrows` but I can't find the other one.


title: Rotating a pie chart

text: How can I rotate a pie chart with 50,50 distribution so that it is divided vertically rather than horizontally?               \documentclass{beamer}     \usepackage{multicol}     \usepackage{datapie}     \usetheme{Warsaw}     \begin{filecontents}{institutes.csv}     Name,Quantity     "ERD", 50     "NERD",50     \end{filecontents}     \begin{filecontents}{population.csv}     Name,Quantity     "ERD", 30     "NERD", 70     \end{filecontents}          \DTLloaddb{institute}{institutes.csv}     \DTLloaddb{population}{population.csv}          \begin{document}     \begin{frame}{Are all the gastroesophageal reflux disease patients same? }     \begin{exampleblock}     {All patients present with  heart burn \texttt{and/or} regurgitation of sour fluid in mouth }So all these patients are same with varying severity of symptoms?     \end{exampleblock}     \begin{itemize}     \item upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy      \item 24 hour Ph-metry      \end{itemize}     \end{frame}          %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \begin{frame}{Endoscopy Data}     \begin{columns}{2}     \begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}     \begin{figure}[htbp]     \DTLpiechart{variable=\quantity,outerlabel=\name}{institute}{%     \name=Name,\quantity=Quantity}     \caption{Institute data}      \end{figure}     \end{column}     \begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}     \begin{figure}[htbp]     \DTLpiechart{variable=\quantity,outerlabel=\name}{population}{%     \name=Name,\quantity=Quantity}     \caption{Population data}     \end{figure}     \end{column}     \end{columns}     \end{frame}     \end{document}


title: Is there a designated symbol for the negative sign in, say, -16?

text: I've been using `-16` in my LaTeX code to write negative numbers. But the problem with that, is in many displays and LaTeX rendering kits, it displays the `-` sign as extremely long and separated from all the other mathematical symbols (e.g. the `16`). Since I knew that LaTeX is an extremely thorough, powerful and complex language, I thought there definitely must be a way to pass this slightly annoying problem. I don't really want my users looking at a mile-long negative sign. Is there a way? Example: ![I don't want this - too wide and ugly.](http://i.stack.imgur.com/qk84R.png)


title: Use one tex file in different documents

text: I want to write a tex file which can be used in serveral higher order documents, but there are problems with the relative paths of the figures. Example: In folder `sub1` is the file `base1.tex` which uses a figure from folder `pics1` via a relative path `../pics1/figure.pdf`. I want to use the file `base1.tex` via input in 'main1.tex' in folder `documents` (two layers higher than `sub1`) and in a second file 'details.tex' in folder `sub1`. For more details the folder structure:               documents          -part1          --sub1     --sub2     --pics1     --pics2      The problem is, that the relative path in `base1.tex` is only correct in one document. Is there a way to add the input path (`input{./part1/sub1/base1.tex}`) to the relative path (`\includegraphics{../pics1/figure.pdf}`) in the `base1.tex` file?


title: "smart" Include/Import for file in subfolder that have images in subsubfolders

text: i've to put in one file some other documents i wrote before. i've this structure               mainfile.tex     chapter1/chapter1.tex     chapter1/intro.tex     chapter1/fig/fig1.pdf     chapter1/fig/fig2.pdf      in chapter1.tex i've `\input{intro}` and in the intro i reference to figures `fig/fig1`. if i put in the main file the `\input{chapter1/chapter1}` it does not compile. it can't find `intro.tex`. so i modified it to `chapter1/intro` in the `chapter1.tex`. now it compiles but stucks to every image. this because the path is assumed to be from the root folder. right? so, is there a smart/easy way to use input that chekcs files in the childern folder and not in the root?


title: text inside tikz node which can skip to an other

text: I would like to put text in a mini page with fixed length inside a tikz node using `\sbox` , if the text skip a specified length (10cm) it will be saved in an other `\sbox` and used inside a tikz node in next page , my MWE               \documentclass[a4paper]{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usepackage{lipsum}          \newsavebox{\textone}     \newsavebox{\texttwo}               \newenvironment{leftside}{%       \begin{lrbox}{\textone}%       \begin{minipage}[10cm]{8cm}%       }{%       \end{minipage}%       \end{lrbox}%       % export box register setting outside the scope of the environment       \global\setbox\textone=\copy\textone     }          \begin{document}          \begin{leftside}     \lipsum     \end{leftside}          \tikz \node[fill=yellow!80!black]     {\usebox{\textone}};          \newpage          \tikz \node[fill=yellow!80!black]     {\usebox{\texttwo}}; %\texttwo save the rest of the text Which goes beyond the length of minipage                \end{document}


title: New chapter top margin is large

text: Similar question to this. I have too much space from top to the start of the chapter heading. How can I fix this and make it just as the other pages. I use my university thesis stylesheet. I din't find any topskip in the stylesheet for adjusting the sink (the vertical distance) above the chapter title.   1. I am not able to figure out where is it that I can change this   2. how can I vary the distance between the chapter number to the chapter name   3. how do I know how much are my margin values set to ? Could anyone please point out are all these defined in my stylesheet. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/k43cQ.png) **Stylesheet template: uhthesis11.sty**                   %  University of Houston PhD/MS thesis style -- modifications to the report style     % For LaTeX version 2.09     %      % Author: Dimitrios Georgakopoulos (dimitris@cs.uh.edu)     % Modified by: Kyle Strom (kbstrom@uh.edu) August, 2009 (initials KS)     % Modified by: Abhilash Sukumari (abhilashsukumari@gmail.com) August, 2012     % The float and footnote macros bellow are stolen from the  Stanfford University thesis style.           \typeout{Document Style Option `uhthesis' <31 Aug 90>.}          \long\def\comment#1{}     \comment{          Example of use:         \documentstyle[12pt,uhthesis]{report}         \begin{document}         \title{Transaction Management in\\ Multidatabase Systems}         \author{Dimitrios Georgakopoulos}         \adviser{Dr. Marek Rusinkiewicz, Chairman}         \firstreader{Dr. Farok Bastani}         \secondreader{Dr. Paulina Markenscoff\\Computer Engineering Department}              \makecoverpages         \begin{abstract}            This thesis tells you all you need to know about the concepts and methods involved in this research ...          \end{abstract}         \begin{acknowledgements}             I would like to thank etc etc etc ...          \end{acknowledgements}         \makecontentspages         \chapterpages              \chapter{Introduction}              ...         \chapter{Conclusions}              ...         \appendix         \chapter{A Long Proof}              ...         \bibliographystyle{ascelike}         \bibliography{mybib}         \end{document}          Documentation:         This style file modifies the standard report style to follow the         Dean's Office "Preparing your Thesis/Dissertation for Submission         to the college of Natural Sciences and Mathematics: A Guideline".                The \makecoverpages command creates a copyright page (optionally),         the title page and, and the signature page.  The \begin{abstact}         command creates the abstract page.  The abstract itself should be         included between a \begin{abstact} and an \end{abstact} command,          as usual. Your (optional) acknowledgments should be included in the          (optional) \begin{acknowledments} ...\end{acknowledments} section.           The \makecontentspages command produces the table of contents, the          list of tables (optional) and the list of figures (optional). Finally,         the \chapterpages command sets the page style of the main body of          your thesis.              The following commands can control what goes in the front matter         material:              \title{thesis title}         \author{author's name}             \degree{author's degree}{type of thesis}                     - e.g. \degree{Masters of Science}{Thesis}                     - if \degree is omitted,                       \degree{Doctor of Philosophy}{Dissertation} is assumed         \department{author's department}             - Computer Science if omitted             \college{the college or school the thesis is submitted to}                       - College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics if omitted         \adviser{the adviser's name}         \firstreader{the first reader's name}         \secondreader{the second reader's name}         \thirdreader{the third reader's name}         \fourthreader{the fourth reader's name}         \fifthreader{the fifth reader's name}           \chair{Department chair}            \assocdean{Associate Dean of College}              \threereaderstrue or \threereadersfalse             - print or don't print a third reader in the                       signature page (true by default)         \fourreaderstrue or \fourreadersfalse             - print or don't print a fourth reader in the                       signature page (true by default)         \fivereaderstrue or \fivereadersfalse             - print or don't print a fifth reader in the                       signature page (true by default)                           \submitdate{month year in which the thesis is submitted}             - date LaTeX'd if omitted         \copyrighttrue or \copyrightfalse             - produce or don't produce a copyright page (true by default)         \figurelisttrue or \figurelistfalse             - produce or don't produce a List of Figures page               (true by default)         \tablelisttrue or \tablelistfalse             - produce or don't produce a List of Tables page               (true by default)                   This style uses interline spacing that is 1.6 times normal, except         in the figure and table environments where normal spacing is used.         That can be changed by doing:            \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.6}            (or whatever you want instead of 1.6)         Unfortunately, that command probably won't take effect unless it comes         before the \begin{document} or after something like \small \normalsize.              The example above shows the 12pt substyle being used.  This seems to give         acceptable looking results, but it may be omitted to get smaller print.     }          % First thing we do is make sure that report has been loaded.  A     % common error is to try to use uhthesis as a documentstyle.     \@ifundefined{chapter}{\@latexerr{The `uhthesis' option should be used     with the `report' document style}}{}               % New page margins setup KS 2009     %%--------------------------------     \textheight 9in     \textwidth 6in     \oddsidemargin 0.5in      \evensidemargin 0in     \topmargin 0in      \headheight 0in     \headsep 0.0in     \parskip = 0.0in     \parindent = 5ex     %%--------------------------------          % Disallow page breaks at hyphens (this will give some underfull vbox's,     % so an alternative is to use \brokenpenalty=100 and manually search     % for and fix such page breaks)     \brokenpenalty=10000          %--- use package ``setspace'' instead KS 2009     % Use 1.6 times the normal baseline-to-baseline skip     \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.7}                    % Roman page numbers in cover pages      \pagenumbering{roman}          % Redefine the macro used for footnotes to use single spacing     \long\def\@footnotetext#1{\insert\footins{\def\baselinestretch{1}\footnotesize         \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty          \splittopskip\footnotesep         \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM         \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore        \edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}\@makefntext         {\rule{\z@}{\footnotesep}\ignorespaces           #1\strut}}}          \def\degree#1#2{         \gdef\@degree{#1}         \gdef\@thesistype{#2}}     \def\@degree{\rm Doctor of Philosophy}     \def\@thesistype{\rm Dissertation}          %modify to engineering college (KS 8/09)     % Define college/school  -- default Cullen College of Engineering     \def\college#1{\gdef\@college{#1}}     \def\@college{\rm Cullen College of Engineering}          % modify to Electrical and Computer engineering (KS 8/09)     % Define department -- default Electrical and Computer and Environmental Engineering     \def\department#1{\gdef\@department{#1}}     \def\@department{\rm Electrical and Computer Engineering}          % modify to Electrical and Computer engineering (KS 8/09)     % Define degree -- default Electrical and Computer Engineering     \def\departdeg#1{\gdef\@ \departdeg{#1}}     \def\@departdeg{\rm Electrical and Computer Engineering}          % Thesis advisor and committee     \def\adviser#1{\gdef\@adviser{#1}}     \def\firstreader#1{\gdef\@firstreader{#1}}     \def\secondreader#1{\gdef\@secondreader{#1}}     \def\thirdreader#1{\gdef\@thirdreader{#1}}     \def\fourthreader#1{\gdef\@fourthreader{#1}}     \def\fifthreader#1{\gdef\@fifthreader{#1}}     \def\chair#1{\gdef\@chair{#1}} % KS 2009     \def\assocdean#1{\gdef\@assocdean{#1}} % KS 2009     \def\submitdate#1{\gdef\@submitdate{#1}}          % \author, \title in report     \def\@title{}     \def\@author{}     \def\@adviser{}     \def\@firstreader{}     \def\@secondreader{}     \def\@thirdreader{}     \def\@fourthreader{}     \def\@fifthreader{}     \def\@chair{} % KS 2009     \def\@assocdean{} % KS 2009     \def\@submitdate{\ifcase\the\month\or       January,\or February,\or March,\or April,\or May,\or June,\or       July,\or August,\or September,\or October,\or November,\or December,\fi       \space \number\the\year}          \newif\ifcopyright      \copyrighttrue           \newif\iffigurelist     \figurelisttrue           \newif\iftablelist     \tablelisttrue          \newif\ifthreereaders     \threereaderstrue          \newif\iffourreaders     \fourreaderstrue          \newif\iffivereaders     \fivereaderstrue          \newif\ifdoublespace     \doublespacefalse          %\def\baselinestretch{1}\@normalsize          \ifdoublespace             \def\baselinestretch{1.7}\@normalsize           \fi               %Cover pages     \def\titlep{%             \newpage         \thispagestyle{empty}%             \setcounter{page}{2}             \ifcopyright \setcounter{page}{3}             \fi             ~\vskip0.5in% KS 2009                  \begin{center}              \Large\uppercase\expandafter{\@title}         \end{center}                 \vfill % KS 2009              \begin{center}             \rm A \expandafter{\@thesistype}\\             Presented to\\                     the Faculty of the Department of                  \expandafter{\@department}\\             University of Houston                  \vfill % KS 2009                  In Partial Fulfillment\\                     of the Requirements for the Degree\\             \expandafter{\@degree}\\             in \expandafter{\@departdeg} % KS 2009               \vfill % KS 2009                    \rm by\\             \@author\\             \@submitdate\\         \end{center}}          \def\copyrightpage{%     %   \newpage             \thispagestyle{empty}%             \setcounter{page}{2}             \null\vskip2.5in         \begin{center}             \copyright \  Copyright by \@author, \@submitdate\\ %KS 2009             All Rights Reserved      %           \vskip.5in         %            \underline{\@author}\\     %            \vskip.5in          %           \underline{\@submitdate}         \end{center}}          % Signature page     \def\signaturepage{%           \newpage           \thispagestyle{empty} % KS 2009           \begin{center}             \Large\uppercase\expandafter{\@title}           \end{center}           \vspace{.4in}           \centerline{\shortstack[c]{\vrule width 2in height 0.4pt\\                \@author}}           \vfill     %      \vspace{0.15in}     %      \hspace{0in} \rm APPROVED:           \leftline{ Approved:} % KS 2009           \vspace{0.15in}           \rightline{\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3.0in height 0.4pt\\ \@adviser}}      %     \vspace{0.15in}            \vfill                \leftline{Committee Members:} % KS 2009      %    \vspace{0.375in}          \vspace{0.15in}           \rightline{\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3.0in height 0.4pt\\ \@firstreader}}           %\vspace{.375in}           \vfill                \rightline{\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3.0in height 0.4pt\\ \@secondreader}}       %    \vspace{.375in}  %\hfill           \vfill                \ifthreereaders             \rightline{\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3in height 0.4pt\\ \@thirdreader}}             \vfill           \fi     %      \vspace{.375in}                \iffourreaders             \rightline{\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3in height 0.4pt\\ \@fourthreader}}             \vfill           \fi     %      \vspace{.375in}                \iffivereaders             \rightline{\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3in height 0.4pt\\ \@fifthreader}}             \vfill           \fi     %     \vspace{.4in}          %      \rightline{\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3in height      %         %       0.4pt\\Dean, \expandafter{\@college}}}}     %                   0.4pt\\ \@assocdean \\ \expandafter{\@college}}} %KS 2009              %-- modification KS 2009 ---------         \begin{flushleft}\begin{minipage}[h!]{2.5 in}             {\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 2.5in height                         0.4pt\\ \@assocdean \\ \expandafter{\@college}}}         \end{minipage}         \hspace{0.4in}         \begin{minipage}[h!]{3 in}             {\shortstack[l]{\vrule width 3.0in height 0.4pt\\ \@chair}}         \end{minipage}         \end{flushleft}         %-----------------------         }          \def\makecoverpages{%         \ifcopyright\copyrightpage\fi         \titlep         \signaturepage}               %Abstract cover page     \def\abstractp{%             \newpage             ~\vskip0.5in% KS 2009         \begin{center}             \Large\uppercase\expandafter{\@title}             \end{center}              \vfill              \begin{center}             \rm An Abstract \\             of a\\              \expandafter{\@thesistype}\\             Presented to\\                     the Faculty of the Department of                  \expandafter{\@department}\\             University of Houston              \vfill                  In Partial Fulfillment\\                     of the Requirements for the Degree\\             \expandafter{\@degree}\\             in \expandafter{\@departdeg} % KS 2009              \vfill                  \rm by\\             \@author\\             \@submitdate\\         \end{center}}          %Abstract      \def\abstract{                     \def\baselinestretch{1}\@normalsize                     \ifdoublespace                     \def\baselinestretch{1.7}\@normalsize                       \fi                      \abstractp                 \newpage                 \begin{center}             %   \Huge\bf Abstract         \Large{\bf Abstract}  % KS 2009 other... \uppercase{\bf Abstract}                 \end{center}                     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abstract}}          \def\endabstract{                      \def\baselinestretch{1.7}\@normalsize}          %Acknowledgements     \def\acknowledgements{                 \newpage                 \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Acknowledgments}                     \def\baselinestretch{1}\@normalsize                     \ifdoublespace                     \def\baselinestretch{1.7}\@normalsize                       \fi                 \begin{center}           %      \Huge {\ }   \bf Acknowledgements                 \Large{\bf Acknowledgements}  % KS 2009 other \uppercase{\bf Acknowledgements}                 \end{center}                 }          %\def\endacknowledgements{}               %%%%----- TOC, LOF, and LOT changes for college (KS 2009)     \def\tableofcontents{%     \newpage     \centerline{\Large\bf Table of Contents}     %\vspace{1\baselineskip}     \@mkboth{Table of Contents}{Table of Contents}     \@starttoc{toc}     }          \def\listoffigures{     \newpage     \centerline{\Large\bf List of Figures}     %\vspace{1\baselineskip}     \@mkboth{List of Figures}{List of Figures}     \@starttoc{lof}     }          \def\listoftables{%     \newpage     \centerline{\Large\bf List of Tables}     %\vspace{1\baselineskip}     \@mkboth{List of Tables}{List of Tables}     \@starttoc{lot}     }     %%%%-----          %\renewcommand{\cftchapleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftsecdotsep}}          %Table of contents     \def\makecontentspages{             \def\baselinestretch{1}\@normalsize             \ifdoublespace                 \def\baselinestretch{1.7}\@normalsize             \fi     %   \renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents}         \newpage\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Table of Contents}         \tableofcontents         \newpage         \iffigurelist               \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Figures}               \listoffigures               \newpage             \fi         \iftablelist             \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Tables}               \listoftables                 \newpage             \fi             \def\baselinestretch{1.7}\@normalsize}          %Chapter page definition     \def\chapterpages{             % Put the page number on the top of the page     %        \def\@oddhead{\rm\hfil\thepage\hfil}     %        \def\@oddfoot{}     %        \let\@evenhead\@oddhead     %        \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot              \pagenumbering{arabic}}          % Redefine \thebibliography to go to a new page and put an entry in the     % table of contents          %--- Change the name and location of the Bibliography title (needs natbib).     \renewcommand{\bibname}{References}          \renewcommand\bibsection{\noindent \Large{\bf \bibname} \normalsize     \vspace{1\baselineskip}     }               %--- use package ``setspace'' instead KS 2009     % Single space for drafts      \def\singlespaces{             \def\baselinestretch{1}\@normalsize}          %modify float placement - KS 2009          \makeatletter     \setlength{\@fptop}{0pt}     \makeatother          %--- change chapter headings - KS 2009     \newcommand{\Chapter}[1]{\clearpage % put new chapters on a new page      \refstepcounter{chapter} % manually increment the chapter number      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Chapter \thechapter . #1}     \noindent \Large{\bf Chapter \thechapter . #1} \normalsize     \vspace{1\baselineskip}     }          \newcommand{\appndix}[1]{\clearpage % put new chapters on a new page      \refstepcounter{chapter} % manually increment the chapter number      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Appendix \thechapter . #1}     \noindent \Large{\bf Appendix \thechapter . #1} \normalsize     \vspace{1\baselineskip}     }          %That's all folks      **Packages: packages.tex**               % -------- Fonts ---------------------------------------------------%     \usepackage{lmodern}     \usepackage{natbib}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{setspace}     % -------- bibliography stuff -----------------------------------%     \bibliographystyle{unsrtnat}     \usepackage{natbib}     % ---- section  --------------------------------------------%     \usepackage{sectsty}          \sectionfont{\normalsize\bfseries\uppercase}     \subsectionfont{\normalsize\bfseries}     %\subsubsectionfont{\normalsize \itshape}     \subsubsectionfont{\normalsize \bfseries}     \chapterfont{\Large}     \chaptertitlefont{\Large}          \usepackage{indentfirst} % indents the first line after a section     \usepackage{tocloft}          \renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents}     \setlength{\cftbeforetoctitleskip}{-1\baselineskip}     \setlength{\cftaftertoctitleskip}{0in}     \renewcommand{\cfttoctitlefont}{\hfill\Large\bfseries}     \renewcommand{\cftaftertoctitle}{\hfill}     \renewcommand{\cftchapleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftsecdotsep}}     \setlength{\cftbeforechapskip}{0in} % no additional space between chapter entries in the table of contents          \setlength{\cftbeforeloftitleskip}{-1\baselineskip}     \setlength{\cftafterloftitleskip}{0in}     \renewcommand{\cftloftitlefont}{\hfill\Large\bfseries}     \renewcommand{\cftafterloftitle}{\hfill}          \setlength{\cftbeforelottitleskip}{-1\baselineskip}     \setlength{\cftafterlottitleskip}{0in}     \renewcommand{\cftlottitlefont}{\hfill\Large\bfseries}     \renewcommand{\cftafterlottitle}{\hfill}          \setlength{\cftfigindent}{0in}     \renewcommand{\cftfigpresnum}{Figure }     \newlength{\mylenf} % a "scratch" length      \settowidth{\mylenf}{\cftfigpresnum\cftfigaftersnum} % extra space      \addtolength{\cftfignumwidth}{\mylenf} % add the extra space          \setlength{\cfttabindent}{0in}     \renewcommand{\cfttabpresnum}{Table }     \newlength{\mylent} % a "scratch" length      \settowidth{\mylent}{\cfttabpresnum\cfttabaftersnum} % extra space      \addtolength{\cfttabnumwidth}{\mylent} % add the extra space      **Working example: Test.tex**               \documentclass[12pt]{report} %font must be 10pt or larger - verify with your department rules     \input{packages}     \usepackage{uhthesis11}     \begin{document}     \title{\large Laser multi-spectral confocal microscopy for structured illumination imaging} % other modifiers \bf     \author{Abhilash Sukumari}     \submitdate{August 2013} % Month of graduation (not defense)     \degree{Master of Science}{Thesis}%Comment out for P hD thesis          \doublespacing % uncomment for double space drafts, and comment out for single (must be double spaced for final submission) %     \pagenumbering{roman}     \setcounter{page}{9} %check to make sure the page number is set properly     \pagenumbering{arabic}     \setcounter{page}{1}     \chapter{INTRODUCTION}     \label{Intro and background}     \section{Example : This is a section}     This is a section     \subsection{Example : This is a sub-section}     This is a sub-section     \subsubsection{Example : This is a sub-sub-section}     \end{document}


title: How to change the page numbers displayed in a pdf viewer?

text: I'd like to prepare a LaTeX file of a part of a larger volume, containing for example pages from 50 to 60. Is there a way to do it so that a pdf viewer does not display "1" but "50" on the first page and so on? I tried `\setcounter{page}{49}`, but it didn't work.


title: How can one put a "[" after \item?

text: The following does not compile because of the "[" after the `\item`. I presume it is because LaTeX expects a "]" as per the `\item[option`] syntax. However, I just want to insert the "[" character into the text as the first character of the enumerated item.               \documentclass[oneside,12pt]{article}          \begin{document}          \begin{enumerate}          \item before          \item [ random text          \item after          \end{enumerate}          \end{document}      I would like LaTeX to generate a document: > before > > [ random text > > after One way I've come up with is to put a `\ ` in front of the "[", however I'd appreciate thoughts on the least invasive way to do this.


title: Fitting a list of points with TikZ and its \foreach

text: I have a list of `N` points (e.g. `{(0,0),(42,7),...,(0,1)}`). I want to use them as coordinates in TikZ, to draw some things. And I would like to `fit` them into a node (using TikZ's `fit` module (cf. http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/feature/fit/ or PGF documentation §34) to put a label under them. If I have, for example, 4 points, I can manually do it, and it works perfectly :               \documentclass{minimal}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{calc,fit}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}          \newcounter{i}     \setcounter{i}{0}     \foreach \point in     {(0,0),(0,2),(2,0),(2,2)}     {         \node[coordinate] (point-\arabic{i}) at \point { };         \fill (point-\arabic{i}) circle (0.1);         \stepcounter{i}     }          \node (box) [draw=gray,dashed, inner sep=10pt,fit=(point-0) (point-1) (point-2) (point-3)] {};     \node (label) at (box.south) [below] { blah };          \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}      which gives : ![alt text](http://i.stack.imgur.com/xQFxr.png) Now I want to do the same for an arbitrary number of points. I hoped a `\foreach` would work:               \node (boxforeach) [draw=gray,dashed, inner sep=10pt,fit= \foreach \j in {0,1,...,3}{(point-\j) } ] {};      but all I get are lots of `! Package tikz Error: Cannot parse this coordinate.`. Is there a mean to get that working? If there isn't, do you have a simple method to calculate the coordinates of the box manually?


title: Sum within a fraction

text: I'm trying to get a sum to display "properly" within a fraction. My input is:               \begin{equation}         E = 1 - \dfrac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(O_{i}-P_{i})^{2}}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(O_{i}-\bar{O})^{2}}     \end{equation}      And the output looks like this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/nKdyg.png) I want the indices to appear above and below the sum as opposed to the side. How can I go about doing this?


title: Problem with foreign characters

text: I am writing a report in LaTeX from a LaTeX template given in my university. The text is in English but I need to have some Swedish characters there was well like ä, ö, å etc. Now the problem is that I was initially writing the whole report in one single .tex file. But now I have decided that it'll be more manageable to have separate files for each section. I had no problems with the above-mentioned swedish text with the single file but I get the following error in the latter case.               LaTeX Error: ./intro.tex:29 LaTeX Error: Command \textcurrency unavailable in encoding OT1      Why am I getting this?


title: Typesetting of negative versus minus?

text: I've occasionally seen a negative (when a number is simply negative, not a subtraction), typeset as negative sign that's slightly skinnier and above the centre line of text. Is this proper notation for mathematics and how would one go about typesetting this in LaTeX? ### Edit I believe that calculators were what happened to give me this idea, couldn't find it in any of my math books. Thank you all for the help, it's much appreciated. ![alt text](http://i.stack.imgur.com/8vwpP.jpg) Thank you 'Antal S-Z' for the photo link. **However** , the question remains, how exactly would I typeset this?


title: Pgfplots: Replace x-axis numbering with labels on confidence interval plot?

text: Try as I might, I can't seem to replace the numbering on the x-axis with (arbitrary) labels. Here is a half-and-half, where the plot has been done in PGPPlots and I've added two of the x-ticks showing how I'd like it to look: I've seen a few examples in relation to barplots, but I can't seem to transfer it to this example. As always, thanks for the consideration. Update: Got it working with a combination of scale and width. Thanks all. MWE:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usepackage{rotating}     \usepackage{verbatim}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \begin{document}     \begin{sidewaysfigure}     \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1],     \centering     \begin{axis}[     height=8cm,     width=15cm,         ymax=5,       ymin=-3,       xmin=0.5,       xmax=10.5,       axis y line*=left,       axis x line*=bottom]     \addplot+[only marks][error bars/.cd,y dir=both, y explicit]     coordinates {     (10,0.23333) +- (0.58257,-0.1159)     (9,1.4) +- (2.04003,0.75997)     (8,1.1) +- (1.82293,0.37707)     (7,1.3667) +- (2.0352,0.6981)     (6,0.26667) +- (0.94558,-0.41225)     (5,0) +- (0.59648,-0.59648)     (4,0.9) +- (1.67431,0.12569)     (3,-0.66667) +- (0.09502,-1.42835)     (2,0.56667) +- (1.30495,-0.17162)     (1,0.4) +- (1.06941,-0.26941)     };     \addplot[dashed] coordinates {(-1,0) (42,0)};     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}%     }     \end{sidewaysfigure}     \end{document}


title: Caption and punctuation

text: This is more a Writing Style question than a `LaTeX`-specific question so Mr. Moderator feel free to move it elsewhere or even delete it! **The question:** What is the proper way to write a caption to a `figure`? Do you include a final period or not if caption is a single sentence? eg > Figure 1.1. Tom is doing all the work while John does nothing or > Figure 1.1. Tom is doing all the work while John does nothing. Do you include a final period or not if more than one sentence? eg > Figure 1.2. Tom is doing all the work. John is drinking tea or > Figure 1.2. Tom is doing all the work. John is drinking tea.


title: How to install LaTeX on Fedora 15 ?

text: In order to install a framework I need to install first LaTeX on a fedora 15 machine >   * _LaTeX_ (optional) This is used for typesetting K definitions. Besides > basic packages, the following (texlive) packages are needed: bera, datetime, > ec, fancybox, fancyvrb, import, marginnote, microtype, ms, pdfcomment, pgf, > preview, stmaryrd, times, titlesec, ucs, url, xcolor, and xkeyval. > I tried searching with yum. But I wasn't able to locate the packages. Google didn't return much either. Any ideas ?