title: What does Biber's Abort Trap 6 mean?

text: I'm trying to use biber/biblatex for the first time and have run into some problems. When I invoke biber on my document from inside TeXShop, the process appears to hang with the following appearing in the console:               INFO - This is Biber 1.8     INFO - Logfile is 'Main.blg'     INFO - Reading 'Main.bcf'     INFO - Found 1 citekeys in bib section 0     INFO - Processing section 0     INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'Padraic.bib' for section 0      The bib file it's looking for is in my local texmf tree. It's my master bibliography file which I've been using for years (managed with BibDesk). If I switch the biblatex backend to bibtex and invoke that engine in TeXShop then everything works fine. Further, I tried running biber from the commandline with the debug option and got the following output:               INFO - This is Biber 1.8     INFO - Logfile is 'Main.blg'     INFO - DEBUG mode: all messages are logged to 'Main.blg'     INFO - Reading 'Main.bcf'     INFO - Found 1 citekeys in bib section 0     INFO - Processing section 0     INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'Padraic.bib' for section 0     INFO - Found BibTeX data source '/Users/RPS/Library/texmf/bibtex/bib/Padraic.bib'     Abort trap: 6      So in this case it seems to have found the source, but I have no idea what that abort error means. Any ideas as to what I should be doing differently? Mac OS 10.8.5 TeXShop 3.36 **EDIT:** Moving the bib file into the main document folder results in the same error from the command line, but TeXShop displays nothing in the console. MWE:               % !BIB program = biber     \documentclass{report}          \usepackage[notes,backend=biber,noibid]{biblatex-chicago}     \addbibresource{Test.bib}          \author{Br.\ Samuel Springuel}     \title{Argument Analysis of \emph{Meno} 78b--79e}          \begin{document}     \maketitle          ~\autocite{Dancy:2006}               \printbibliography          \end{document}      And the bib file that trips it:               %% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk.     %% http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/               %% Created for R. Padraic Springuel at 2014-04-06 15:08:02 -0400                %% Saved with string encoding Western (ASCII)                     @article{Dancy:2006,         Abstract = {This study investigates the effect of computer animation on assessment and the conditions under which animation may improve or hinder assessment of conceptual understanding in physics. An instrument was developed by replacing static pictures and descriptions of motion with computer animations on the Force Concept Inventory, a commonly used pencil and paper test. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The animated and static versions of the test were given to students and the results were statistically analyzed. Think-aloud interviews were also conducted to provide additional insight into the statistical findings. We found that good verbal skills tended to increase performance on the static version but not on the animated version of the test. In general, students had a better understanding of the intent of the question when viewing an animation and gave an answer that was more indicative of their actual understanding, as reflected in separate interviews. In some situations this led students to the correct answer and in others it did not. Overall, we found that animation can improve assessment under some conditions by increasing the validity of the instrument.},         Annote = {From the conclusions, animations are good under the following conditions:     "1) The animation is an integral part of the question and not just a good-looking addition. Students should have a need to use the animation to answer the question. From this it follows that questions about motion are the best candidates for animation. This result supports the findings of earlier research.      2) It is likely that the static form of the question could be misread or misinterpreted in a way that could be clarified by an animation. If a question is vague, or unclear to a student, then the response that student gives may not be reflective of his or her understanding. Perhaps the greatest benefit offered by animation is that it can significantly decrease such problems. This is especially true for students with poor verbal skills.      3) Students are likely to answer a question based on what they remember rather than what they know and understand. In this case the animation is helpful if it is not as recognizable to the student as the static question."},         Author = {Dancy, Melissa H. and Beichner, Robert J.},         Date-Added = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Date-Modified = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.2.010104},         Journal = {Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research},         Number = {010104},         Pages = {1-7},         Read = {Yes},         Title = {Impact of animation on assessment of conceptual understanding in physics},         Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.2.010104},         Volume = {2},         Year = {2006},         Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}          @article{Finkelstein:2005a,         Abstract = {We report a detailed study of the implementation of Tutorials in Introductory Physics at a large-scale research institution. Based on two successive semesters of evaluation, we observe students' improved conceptual mastery force and motion concept evaluation median normalized gain 0.77, N = 336, albeit with some student discontent. We replicate the results of original studies of tutorial effectiveness and document how and why these results occur. Additionally, using the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey we measure the support of students' expertlike beliefs about learning physics in our environment. We examine this implementation from a viewpoint that emphasizes varying contextual levels of this implementation, from students' engagement in individual tasks, to the situations in which these tasks are embedded, to the broader classroom, departmental, and educational structures. We document both obvious and subtle features that help ensure the successful implementation of these reforms.},         Annote = {Implementation of UW tutorials at Colorado.  Success comperable to that seen at UW.          CLASS results which show that attitude and learning gains are correlated.          Succesful adoption of a methodology involves more than just an adoption of material.  It als involves adoption, adaptation, and reinvention of the larger cultural/enviromental factors that made the original implementation successful.          },         Author = {Finkelstein, Noah D. and Pollock, S. J.},         Date-Added = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Date-Modified = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.1.010101},         Journal = {Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research},         Number = {010101},         Pages = {1-13},         Read = {Yes},         Title = {Replicating and understanding successful innovations: Implementing tutorials in introductory physics},         Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.1.010101},         Volume = {1},         Year = {2005},         Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}          @article{Hake:1998,         Abstract = {A survey of pre/post-test data using the Halloun -- Hestenes Mechanics Diagnostic test or more recent Force Concept Inventory is reported for 62 introductory physics courses enrolling a total number of students N=6542. A consistent analysis over diverse student populations in high schools, colleges, and universities is obtained if a rough measure of the average effectiveness of a course in promoting conceptual understanding is taken to be the average normalized gain <g>. The latter is defined as the ratio of the actual average gain (%<post>-%<pre>) to the maximum possible average gain (100-%<pre>) . Fourteen ``traditional'' ( T ) courses (N=2084) which made little or no use of interactive-engagement IE methods achieved an average gain  <g>_{T - ave}= 0.23+/-0.04 (std dev). In sharp contrast, 48 courses (N=4458) which made substantial use of IE methods achieved an average gain  <g>_{IE-ave}=0.48+/-0.14 (std dev), almost two standard deviations of  g  IE-ave above that of the traditional courses. Results for 30 (N=3259) of the above 62 courses on the problem-solving Mechanics Baseline test of Hestenes -- Wells imply that IE strategies enhance problem-solving ability. The conceptual and problem-solving test results strongly suggest that the classroom use of IE methods can increase mechanics-course effectiveness well beyond that obtained in traditional practice.},         Annote = {Big colation of FCI data showing that interactive engagement is better than traditional instruction.          Considerable effort spent on showing that systematic errors did not influence the results},         Author = {Hake, Richard R.},         Date-Added = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Date-Modified = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Doi = {10.1119/1.18809},         Journal = {American Journal of Physics},         Month = {January},         Number = {1},         Pages = {64-74},         Read = {Yes},         Title = {Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A six-thousand-student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses},         Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18809},         Volume = {66},         Year = {1998},         Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}          @article{Lee:2008,         Abstract = {We investigate short-term learning from hints and feedback in a Web-based physics tutoring system. Both the skill of students and the difficulty and discrimination of items were determined by applying item response theory IRT to the first answers of students who are working on for-credit homework items in an introductory Newtonian physics course. We show that after tutoring a shifted logistic item response function with lower discrimination fits the students' second responses to an item previously answered incorrectly. Student skill decreased by 1.0 standard deviation when students used no tutoring between their incorrect first and second attempts, which we attribute to ``item-wrong bias.'' On average, using hints or feedback increased students' skill by 0.8 standard deviation. A skill increase of 1.9 standard deviation was observed when hints were requested after viewing, but prior to attempting to answer, a particular item. The skill changes measured in this way will enable the use of IRT to assess students based on their second attempt in a tutoring environment.},         Annote = {Item response theory used to show learning and how learning was different along different trajectories through a tutorial system.          Extension of IRT beyond basic skill assessment after a single test.},         Author = {Lee, Young-Jin and Palazzo, David J. and Warnakulasooriya, Rasil and Pritchard, David E.},         Date-Added = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Date-Modified = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.4.010102},         Journal = {Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research},         Number = {010102},         Pages = {1-6},         Read = {Yes},         Title = {Measuring student learning with item response theory},         Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.4.010102},         Volume = {4},         Year = {2008},         Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}          @article{Mobley:2007,         Abstract = {The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, phase velocity, and group velocity spectra are reported for a suspension that supports negative group velocities. The suspension consists of plastic microspheres with an average radius of 80 m in an aqueous medium at a volume fraction of 3%. The spectra are measured using a broadband method covering a range from 2 to 20 MHz. The suspension exhibits negative group delays over a band near 4.5 MHz, with the group velocity magnitude exceeding 4.3 x 10^8 m/s at one point. The causal consistency of these results is confirmed using Kramers-Kronig relations.},         Annote = {Breaking the speed of light.},         Author = {Mobley, Joel and Heithau, Robert Evans},         Date-Added = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Date-Modified = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS},         Number = {124301},         Pages = {1-4},         Title = {Ultrasonic Properties of a Suspension of Microspheres Supporting Negative Group Velocities},         Volume = {99},         Year = {2007},         Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}          @article{Podolefsky:2007,         Abstract = {This paper describes a model of analogy, analogical scaffolding, which explains present and prior results of student learning with analogies. We build on prior models of representation, blending, and layering of ideas.  Extending this model's explanatory power, we propose ways in which the model can be applied to design a curriculum directed at teaching abstract ideas in physics using multiple, layered analogies. We report on a recent empirical study that motivates this model. Students taught about electromagnetic waves in a curriculum that builds on the model of analogical scaffolding posted substantially greater gains pre- to postinstruction than students taught using a more traditional non-analogy-based tutorial 21% vs 7%. },         Annote = {Provides a model of how analogical reasoning is done          Shows that students taught with analogy do better than students not taught with analogy          Analogy cirriculum was designed based on model          Did not show that model based analogical instruction outperforms other analgocial instruction.},         Author = {Podolefsky, Noah S. and Finkelstein, Noah D.},         Date-Added = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Date-Modified = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.3.010109},         Journal = {Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research},         Month = {June},         Number = {010109},         Pages = {1-12},         Read = {Yes},         Title = {Analogical scaffolding and the learning of abstract ideas in physics: An example from electromagnetic waves},         Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.3.010109},         Volume = {3},         Year = {2007},         Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}          @article{Thornton:2009,         Abstract = {In this paper we compare and contrast student's pretest/post-test performance on the Halloun-Hestenes force concept inventory FCI to the Thornton-Sokoloff force and motion conceptual evaluation FMCE. Both tests are multiple-choice assessment instruments whose results are used to characterize how well a first term, introductory physics course promotes conceptual understanding. However, the two exams have slightly different content domains, as well as different representational formats; hence, one exam or the other might better fit the interests of a given instructor or researcher. To begin the comparison, we outline how to determine a single-number score for the FMCE and present ranges of normalized gains on this exam. We then compare scores on the FCI and the FMCE for approximately 2000 students enrolled in the Studio Physics course at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute over a period of eight years 1998--2006 that encompassed significant evolution of the course and many different instructors. We found that the mean score on the FCI is significantly higher than the mean score on the FMCE, however there is a very strong relationship between scores on the two exams. The slope of a best fit line drawn through FCI versus FMCE data is approximately 0.54, and the correlation coefficient is approximately r = 0.78, for preinstructional and postinstructional testings combined. In spite of this strong relationship, the assessments measure different normalized gains under identical circumstances. Additionally, students who scored well on one exam did not necessarily score well on the other. We use this discrepancy to uncover some subtle, but important, differences between the exams. We also present ranges of normalized gains for the FMCE in a variety of instructional settings.},         Annote = {Scoring the FMCE (out of 33 points):     5, 6, 15, 33, 35, 37, 39, 44, 45, 46, & 47 don't count     27-29, 11-13, and 8-10 are scored as a group with 2 points for getting all three correct and 0 otherwise     other questions are 1 point per          Paper accepts Ramlo as validating the FMCE          FCI covers more topics in similar number of questions and therefore is easier to score higher on          FCI better at evaluating overall progress in Intro Physics; FMCE better at evaluating progress towards Newtonian concept of forces},         Author = {Thornton, Ronald K. and Kuhl, Dennis and Cummings, Karen and Marx, Jeffrey},         Date-Added = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Date-Modified = {2014-04-06 19:07:59 +0000},         Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.5.010105},         Journal = {Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research},         Month = {March},         Number = {1},         Numpages = {8},         Pages = {010105},         Publisher = {American Physical Society},         Read = {Yes},         Title = {Comparing the force and motion conceptual evaluation and the force concept inventory},         Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.5.010105},         Volume = {5},         Year = {2009},         Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}      So far as I can tell, there is nothing unique about these entries in my master bib file (other than the fact that they trip the error. There are also no features in these entries that don't appear in at least one other entry.


title: How can I get the grid done correctly?

text: I'm trying to put the grid in my graphic, and I'm getting this problem below. The grid style must be help lines, and dashed, this I know how to do, but the problem remains in put the grid correctly. Here is the code that I'm using.                \documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}         \usepackage{pgfplots}         \usepackage{filecontents}         \usepackage{lmodern}         \pgfplotsset{compat=1.3}         \usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots}              \begin{filecontents*}{dataCL.csv}             x, y             10, 0.7              15, 0.6             20, 0.5         \end{filecontents*}         \begin{filecontents*}{dataCD.csv}             x, y             10, 0.4             15, 0.3             20, 0.2         \end{filecontents*}              \begin{document}               \pgfkeys{        /pgf/number format/.cd,            set decimal separator={,{\!}},           set thousands separator={}     }     \pgfplotsset{        every axis/.append style = {           line width = 0.5pt,           tick style = {line width=1pt},           grid style={dashed}        }     }     \begin{tikzpicture}         % provide shared options here with pgfplotsset:         \pgfplotsset{             height=6cm, width=9cm,             no markers=major         }         % this is the leftmost y axis (y2)         \begin{axis}[             xmin=0,xmax=1,%--- CF             xshift=0cm,%-- CF             width=2cm,             hide x axis,              axis y line*=left,             ymin=0, ymax=1.2,             ytick = {0,0.24,0.48,...,1.2},             ylabel={$C_l$}             ]        \end{axis}        \begin{axis}[             xmin=0, xmax=10,             xshift=7cm,%-- CF             width=2cm,             hide x axis,             axis y line*=right,             ymin=0, ymax=0.5,             ytick = {0,0.1,0.2,...,0.5},             ylabel={$C_D$}         ]         \end{axis}          \begin{axis}[             height=2cm,              xmin=0, xmax=25,             ymin=0, ymax=1.2,             minor ytick = {0,5,10,...,25},             axis x line*=bottom,             hide y axis,             xlabel={$\alpha$}         ]         \end{axis}         \begin{axis}[          xmin = 0, xmax=25,          ymin = 0, ymax=1.2,          hide x axis,          hide y axis,          ]          \addplot+ [mark = none] table [col sep=comma, x=x, y=y]{dataCL.csv};         \end{axis}         \begin{axis}[          xmin = 0, xmax=25,          ymin = 0, ymax=0.5,          hide x axis,          hide y axis,          ]          \addplot+ [mark = none] table [col sep=comma, x=x, y=y]{dataCD.csv};         \end{axis}         \begin{axis}[grid]              \end{axis}                \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}      ![I can't draw the scale correctly and the grid at same time](http://i.stack.imgur.com/5CHI7.png)


title: How to set spelling dictionary on the fly in Aquamacs

text: This is not specifically a TeX question, but I think it might be relevant here since all TeX users are also text editor users. I use the Emacs Aquamacs (v 3.0a) text editor. My locale on my Mac is Australian. As far as I understand Emacs applies in checking the spelling the current locale of the system is running on. I want to edit a document to be sent in the US and I then would like to change the dictionary from Australian (or British) to American English but just for one document. I tried to navigate the Aquamacs documentation but without much success. It seems that the default `Flyspell` dictionary in my Aquamacs preferences is `Standard`. I couldn't find any indication to the actual dictionary file Aquamacs is using and how to change it. EDIT: In my `~/Library/Spelling` I have these dictionaries: `en`, `en_au`, `en_GB`, `es`, `it`, `LocalDictionary`. I can select any of these dictionaries through `Edit -> Spelling -> Change dictionary...` but without any effect in the words identified as wrong by the editor. I still get all US spellings checked as wrong (e.g. "organization", "behavior") but even selecting `en` as dictionary all Italian and Spanish words are not checked as wrong (e.g. `alcalde`, `zorro`, `popolazione`). It seems it is checking against all three dictionaries: british english, italian and spenish but not american english...


title: Which bibliography style gives me author names formatted say as, Hazard BD?

text: To be clear: I want Hazard BD, not Hazard, B.D. Citations of this type are found in the Elsevier Journal, Communications in Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulations.


title: plot coordinates {(a_1,3) (a_2,2) (a_i,4) (a_r,1)} in pgfplots

text: I am using the following code:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}     \pagestyle{empty}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}     \addplot+[ycomb] plot coordinates         {(0,3) (1,2) (2,4) (3,1)};     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      and the output is: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/DgF3I.png) but If I have the coordinates `{(a_1,3) (a_2,2) ... (a_i,4) ... (a_r,1)}`, with `0 < a_1 < a_2 < ...< a_i < ... < a_r` How can I to plot these coordinates? Thanks in advance!


title: How do I draw a box with tcolorbox

text: I'm trying to draw something like the following: # Code for desired effect without using `tcolorbox`               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage[margin=0.5in,showframe]{geometry}     %%------------------------------     \usepackage{lipsum}     \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}          \begin{document}          \rule{4in}{1pt}     \par     \begin{minipage}[t]{4in}     \lipsum[1]     \end{minipage}          \end{document}      > ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/VZTXA.png) This seems like it should be something straight-forward. But, I'm getting lost in the documentation for `tcolorbox`. Nothing I'm doing creates the same effect. For example, I don't understand what the keys `interior hidden` or `enhanced` are doing or how they're interacting with each other. Why do the following create such wildly different effects: # First example using `tcolorbox`               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage[margin=0.5in,showframe]{geometry}     \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}     %%------------------------------     \usepackage{tcolorbox}     \tcbuselibrary{skins}     \usepackage{lipsum}          \begin{document}          \begin{tcolorbox}[width=4in,                       %%enhanced,                       %%frame hidden,                       interior hidden,                       boxsep=0pt,                       left=0pt,                       right=0pt,                       top=2pt,                       ]%%       \lipsum[1]     \end{tcolorbox}          \end{document}      produces > ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/09E7v.png) # Second example using `tcolorbox`               \begin{tcolorbox}[width=4in,                       enhanced,                       frame hidden,                       interior hidden,                       boxsep=0pt,                       left=0pt,                       right=0pt,                       top=2pt,                       ]%%       \lipsum[1]     \end{tcolorbox}      produces > ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/0GPVR.png) # Third example using `tcolorbox`               \begin{tcolorbox}[width=4in,                       enhanced,                       %%frame hidden,                       interior hidden,                       boxsep=0pt,                       left=0pt,                       right=0pt,                       top=2pt,                       ]%%       \lipsum[1]     \end{tcolorbox}      produces: > ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/djJOe.png) The documentation says that `interior hidden` is shorthand for               interior style={draw=none,fill=none}      but clearly `fill=none` is being ignored in the first and third examples. Why? I've found keys such as `enhancedfirst`, `enhancedlast`, `enhancedmiddle`, `nobeforeafter`. But none of these achieve the effects that I want in terms of framing: I just want a bar across the top of the box. Additional issues:   1. The text is formatted differently between the `minipage` environment approach and the `tcolorbox` environment even though the widths are the same.   2. There's a sliver of white space along the left hand side (and who knows where else) that I can't seem to get rid of from the `tcolorbox` environment. Could someone please show me how to set up a `tcolorbox` enivornment to get the effect I want?


title: How to avoid repetitive strain injuries when using LaTeX daily?

text: LaTeX makes use of some characters that are not easy to type using a normal keyboard (like `\`, `{`, `}`, `[` and `]`). When typesetting math, you also have to constantly switch between the previous characters and digits, which can't be done in a fluid manner. In my case, I have been typing the last few months on a laptop without a numeric pad which is the worst idea ever (I've already a tendonitis to the left little finger). I know this is not really a question related to LaTeX, but I want to know how you deal with lots of LaTeX typing. Have you remapped some keys? Have you bought an extra keyboard?


title: Drawing a Petersen graph as a voltage graph

text: I am trying to illustrate a voltage graph construction of the Petersen graph. In practice, this means:   * The outer cycle will be labelled clockwise (a,0),...,(a,4) with arcs oriented in that order;   * The inner cycle will be labelled clockwise (b,0),...,(b,4) with arcs (b,0) -> (b,2), (b,1) -> (b,3), (b,2) -> (b,4) and (b,3) -> (b,0); and   * Each (a,i) will be joined to the corresponding (b,i) (in that direction). I can almost accomplish this using the grpetersen macro and the following code:               \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=triangle 45,rotate=90,scale=1.2,style=thick]       \newcommand{\aset}[2]{$\{#1,#2\}$}       \tikzset{VertexStyle/.style={draw,rectangle}}       \SetVertexNoLabel       \SetVertexMath       \SetUpVertex[MinSize=30pt]       \grPetersen[RA=3,RB=1.5]     %  \SetUpEdge{style={->-}}       \AssignVertexLabel{a}{\textsl{(a,0)},\textsl{(a,4)},\textsl{(a,3)},\textsl{(a,2)},\textsl{(a,1)}}       \AssignVertexLabel{b}{\textsl{(b,0)},\textsl{(b,4)},\textsl{(b,3)},\textsl{(b,2)},\textsl{(b,1)}}     \end{tikzpicture}      However, the arcs on the outer cycle are oriented in the wrong direction, and I cannot see how to change them without changing the other, correctly-oriented arcs. Any suggestions would be much appreciated. * * * It is part of tkzgraph/berge - refer to Altermundus' "Plotting named graphs". Here is a minimal document containing the above code.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{tkz-graph}     \usepackage{tkz-berge}     \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=triangle 45,rotate=90,scale=1.2,style=thick]       \newcommand{\aset}[2]{$\{#1,#2\}$}       \tikzset{VertexStyle/.style={draw,rectangle}}       \SetVertexNoLabel       \SetVertexMath       \SetUpVertex[MinSize=30pt]       \grPetersen[RA=3,RB=1.5]     %  \SetUpEdge{style={->-}}       \AssignVertexLabel{a}{\textsl{(a,0)},\textsl{(a,4)},\textsl{(a,3)},\textsl{(a,2)},\textsl{(a,1)}}       \AssignVertexLabel{b}{\textsl{(b,0)},\textsl{(b,4)},\textsl{(b,3)},\textsl{(b,2)},\textsl{(b,1)}}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}


title: How can I plot an implicit function in pgfplots without having to use gnuplot?

text: I have been trying to plot a couple of really simple implicit linear functions using only pgfplots internal facilities. Here is my MWE:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \usepgfplotslibrary{external}     \tikzexternalize     \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}          \begin{document}          \begin{tikzpicture}          \begin{axis}     \addplot[color=red]{3*x + 2*y - 2};     \end{axis}          \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}      When I run this, I get this error:               ! Package pgfplots Error: Sorry, you can't use 'y' in this context. PGFPlots ex     pected to sample a line, not a mesh. Please use the [mesh] option combined with     [samples y>0] and [domain y!=0:0] to indicate a twodimensional input domain.     See the pgfplots package documentation for explanation.      This particular function can be made explicit, but I'd still like to know if it is possible to plot implicit functions with pure `pgfplots`. All the examples I have seen thus far call `gnuplot`.


title: Substituting character $l$ with $\ell$ throughout math mode

text: How do I overwrite the default `$l$` character so that it is substituted by `$\ell$` throughout math mode? (More generally, is there an easy way to make such symbol substitutions?)


title: Problem if csv list is stored in macro for later use with \forcsvlist

text: I need to store a csv list for later use in the end code part of an environment. Can somebody explain me what's going wrong in the following example?               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{etoolbox}     \usepackage{ifthen}     \newcommand*\mycsv{1,2,3}     \newcommand*\printnumbers[1]{       \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{1}}{one, }{}       \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{2}}{two, }{}       \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{3}}{three, }{}     }     \newcommand*\doprint[1]{\forcsvlist\printnumbers{#1}}     \begin{document}     \doprint{1,2,3} % does work          \doprint{\mycsv} % does not work     \end{document}      If the list is stored in the macro, it seems to be no longer a list for `\forcsvlist` but a single token. Any other solution which solves my problem?


title: How do I have two sets of page numbers in a document?

text: I want to have two sets of page numbers (P and p) in my document. The first one (P) is global, the second one (p) resets to 1 at some predefined points. So, the document will look like, Text P1/5 p1/3 Text P2/5 p2/3 Text P3/5 p3/3 Text. _In this page the page number (p, second one) is reset._ P4/5 p1/2 Text P5/5 p2/2 To get the total page count a label in the last page or the lastpage package (http://www.ctan.org/pkg/lastpage) can help me. And that is not the subject of this question. The problem is with the second counter. I can use chappg (http://www.ctan.org/pkg/chappg) with noauto option. But I loose the global page counter P. Moreover, the (sub) total number of pages in that group has to be manually set. I understand that if I write a set of macros with a new counter (my@local@page), reset it at my predefined points, label the last page in a group (label names will have to be distinct), perhaps I can achieve my goal. But that requires at least half a day. Which I do not have at this moment. I was wondering if you can suggest something readily usable.


title: No hyphenation patterns were loaded for the language

text: I'm using babel package for spanish language. However, each time I compile my document, the package babel throws me a warning:               Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were loaded for     (babel)                the language `Spanish'     (babel)                I will use the patterns loaded for \language=0 instead.      What goes? Thank you...


title: Set color to output from verbatim

text: I want to show the output from `verbatim` in blue color. I have this:               \newcommand{\blockcode}[1]{\ttfamily\small#1}          {\blockcode \begin{verbatim}      alias vi="vim"     \end{verbatim}}      which works fine. But when I do this               \newcommand{\blockcode}[1]{\ttfamily\small{\color{blue}#1}}      it throws an error > ! Argument of \begin has an extra }. **Update** I tried               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{verbatim,color,lipsum}          \newcommand{\blockcode}{\ttfamily\small\color{blue}}          \begin{document}     \lipsum*[2]     {\blockcode \begin{verbatim}      alias vi="vim"     \end{verbatim}}          \lipsum*[3]     \end{document}      But the blockcode doesn't end... it flows on to the next element... **Update 2** If I do this:               \paragraph{Hello}     \begin{blockcode}     alias vi="vim"     \end{blockcode}      The `Hello` also becomes blue in color. Any way I can stop this? **Update 3** Again a roadblock...               \subsubsection*{Definition}     \begin{blockcode}      :iabbrev <key> <expansion>      \end{blockcode}      This creates too much gap between `Definition` and the code.


title: METAPOST (mptopdf) complains: can't open file `mp-tool'

text: I just did a clean install of Mountain Lion and MacTeX 2012. Now I can't compile my .mp files anymore using the "mptopdf" Terminal command. This is the output I get:               MPtoPDF 1.4.1 : running 'mpost --mem=mpost   --tex=latex  test.mp'     This is MetaPost, version 1.504 (kpathsea version 6.1.0)     (mpost.mp (/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-dist/metapost/base/plain.mp     Preloading the plain mem file, version 1.004)) (./test.mp     ! I can't open file `mp-tool'.     l.6 input mp-tool                      ;     Please type another input file name:      Any ideas on what I can do to make my files compile again? Everything was working fine two days ago on my Lion. By the way, here is my `test.mp` file (which I (try to) compile with `mptopdf test.mp`):               verbatimtex     %%&latex     \documentclass[10pt]{article}     \begin{document}     etex     input mp-tool;     beginfig(0);     draw (0,0)--(10,10);     endfig;     verbatimtex     \end{document}     etex     end      **UPDATE:** Interestingly, after installing the older MacTeX 2010 the problem is no longer present. So I'll just use this older version for now. Feel free to post any thoughts, in case you know what went wrong with the latest version.


title: Font-independent convention for multi-letter variables in math mode

text: For several years now, I have always used `\mathit` to display variables that have more than one letter, to ensure proper kerning:               \fbox{$foo = f(jazz)$} vs. \fbox{$\mathit{foo} = f(\mathit{jazz})$}      ![first example](http://i.stack.imgur.com/sXFlf.png) I see that this has been suggested several times here as well. However I would now like to update my document and use the Euler math fonts. In this setup, the default mathematical font has upright letters, and suddenly, all my `\mathit` have become wrong. I do not even know how to fix it:               \documentclass{minimal}     \usepackage{eulervm}     \begin{document}     \fbox{$foo = f(jazz)$} vs. \fbox{$\mathit{foo} = f(\mathit{jazz})$}                            vs. \fbox{$\mathrm{foo} = f(\mathrm{jazz})$}                            vs. \fbox{$\mbox{foo} = f(\mbox{jazz})$}     \end{document}      ![second example](http://i.stack.imgur.com/vQPkt.png) Surely there must be a way to tell LaTeX "here is a block of text to treat as a single name", disabling the spacing for the implicit multiplication, and without forcing any particular font, so that the formula can be rendered nicely independently of the mathematical font I later decide to use?


title: How to get rid of bold lines using supertabular and horizontal lines for each table cell?

text: I have defined a very large supertabular. Each table-row is separated by a horizontal line (\hline). The header of the table should be separated with two lines. On the first page everything is fine, as I want. My problem is, that on the second page, where supertabular appears, the second line of the doubled line in header is bold, caused by the hline from table cell. Is there a way to collapse this line? Here is a minimal example.               \documentclass[a4paper,headsepline,12pt]{scrreprt}          \usepackage{supertabular}          \begin{document}     \begin{center}     \tablefirsthead{\hline     \textsc{C1} &     \textsc{C2} &     \textsc{C3} \\\hline\hline}     \tablehead{\hline     \textsc{C1} &     \textsc{C2} &     \textsc{C3} \\\hline\hline}     \tabletail{     \hline     \multicolumn{3}{|r|}{\small continues on next page}     \tablelasttail{\hline\hline}     \\     }     \bottomcaption{{very long tabular}}     \begin{supertabular}{|p{4cm}|p{7.8cm}|p{3.1cm}|}     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     A &     This text is a bit longer to get a two lined table cell &     cat\\\hline     \end{supertabular}     %\caption{Kategorisierung von XÖV-Stereotypen und Kurzbeschreibung der Semantik der Modellelemente auf Basis von \cite[S. 27 - 55]{KoordinierungsstellefurITStandards(KoSIT).2012}}     %\label{table_xoev_stereotypes}          \end{center}     \end{document}


title: How to insert links to file in LyX?

text: I am writing a report in LyX. I want to insert a link to a PDF file. I used the hyperlink feature available in LyX. Then in the target field I gave the path. In the name field I gave a random name. Then I selected "file" button. But then I am getting an error message saying unknown parameter field. Can someone help me with this?


title: Can not preview latex equation in org-mode. dvipng and imagemagick both failed

text: I have a tough problem now with my org-mode in windows 7, can anyone help me to find a solution? Here is my problem: When I preview my latex equation with org-preview-latex-fragment function, it always failed. I tried dvipng.exe, it gave me a empty box in the org file and without any output in ltxpng folder. Then I altered to imagemagtick, it told me that no *.pdf was produced in the windows temp folder. Then I tried the two command with windows command line outside org-mode, it works very well. So what can the problem relate to? Sorry to bother your guys here, but I am begging for your help!


title: Hanging references using \fullcite

text: I need `APA` style hanging references using `\fullcite`. For example ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Wn2Kd.png) I need `\fullcite` because I want the reference cited where I want in the document, unlike at the end of the document using `\cite`. How can I do this?


title: A package template using xkeyval?

text: I would like to write a package offering a number of commands. The package should accept options, and some of these options should be available as command options. Usage should be as follows:               ...     \usepackage[optA=val1,optB=val2]{mypackage}     \begin{document}     \mycommand[optB=val3]     ...      It seems as if the `xkeyval` package can do that, but I am not sure how this should be done exactly.


title: Open a file whose name start with a dot and other strangely named files?

text: The syntax of TeX's `\openout` command is rather simple: `\openout` _N_`=` _ﬁlename_ where _N_ is a four-bit number, but what is _filename_? How do you open a file whose name stars with a dot? More generally, how do you deal with a filename passed as a parameter which may include strange characters? * * * To make my difficulty concrete, here is a sequence of commands that:   1. Will switch to a temporary directory   2. Remove any remaining files from previous runs   3. Create a demo tex file, named `joseph.tex` which tries to write to a file named wright, and then to a file named .joseph.   4. Examine the result via `ls`   5. Try to print out the resulting files * * *               pushd /tmp; rm -f joseph* .joseph* wright*;cat<<EOF >joseph.tex     \newwrite\mywrite     \immediate\openout\mywrite=wright     \immediate\write\mywrite{Hello, World!}     \immediate\openout\mywrite=.joseph.tex     \immediate\write\mywrite{Hello, World!}     \bye     EOF     echo q | tex joseph.tex     ls -ls joseph* .joseph* wright*; cat wright.tex; popd      * * * (copy/paste the above to your favorite command shell) My output is:                   This is TeX, Version 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2010)         (./joseph.tex         tex: Not writing to .joseph.tex (openout_any = p).              ! I can't write on file `.joseph.tex'.         l.4 \immediate\openout\mywrite=.joseph.tex              (Press Enter to retry, or Control-D to exit; default file extension is `.tex')         Please type another output file name:  )         No pages of output.         Transcript written on joseph.log.         0 /tmp 12:12:05 $ ls -ls joseph* .joseph* wright*; cat wright.tex; popd         /bin/ls: cannot access .joseph*: No such file or directory         4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yogi yogi 449 2011-03-12 12:12 joseph.log         4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yogi yogi 176 2011-03-12 12:12 joseph.tex         4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yogi yogi  14 2011-03-12 12:12 wright.tex         Hello, World!         /tmp      which I interpret to be a failure to create file named `.joseph`, but success in creating the file named `wright`. I tried creating a file named `./joseph` but this does not seem to work as well. I fear the worst when I will try to create a file in a directory, e.g., `.joseph/wright.thanks`


title: Change to libertine font except in certain parts?

text: I am producing my LaTeX document using `pdflatex`. If I want to switch my entire document to a libertine font I use :               \documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{book}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[french]{babel}     \usepackage[margin=10pt,font=footnotesize,labelfont=bf]{caption}     \usepackage{lipsum}     \usepackage{listings}     \usepackage{libertine}     \begin{document}     \lipsum     \texttt{Hello, this is a test !}     \begin{lstlisting}     Put your code here.     \end{lstlisting}     \end{document}      Two questions (using pdflatex) :   * How to switch all fonts to libertine except `\ttfamily`   * How to switch all fonts to libertine (including `\ttfamily`) except in all listings ?


title: Ticks for Chart with odd style

text: I am trying to plot some data where the X axis is somehow in bytes. The values grow exponentially, so I scaled them by hand to obtain a better chart. However, I don't want to show the log but the real number and I want to show the numbers with variable unit (byte, Kb, Mb). I am quite close, but I am missing the unit.               \documentclass{paper}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[pdftex]{color}          \usepackage{balance}     \usepackage{lmodern}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{arrows,shadows,patterns}     \usepackage{pgf-umlsd}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \usepackage{pgfplotstable}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{subcaption}     \usepackage{dblfloatfix}     \usepackage{listings}     \usepackage{color}     \pgfplotstableread{     {Data Size}    {Shared Memory}   {NIO}     0   1.510618995 1.211303577     1   3.2303486   2.284973183     1.5849625007    4.856564878 3.650475913     2   6.477938316 4.413739735     2.5849625007    9.712070412 7.308872177     3   12.931555487    8.820402778     3.5849625007    19.484353638    12.822872274     3.7004397181    21.122457882    14.851562274     4   25.912743129    18.621127822     4.2479275134    30.729567163    22.179711705     4.3923174228    34.29160211 19.027447421     4.5849625007    38.244025295    29.328904007     4.7548875022    43.959939412    32.568470093     4.8579809951    46.929519191    34.986339417     5   52.492719706    39.106509783     5.1292830169    58.46781981 31.501307665     5.4918530963    73.543666985    43.323522934     5.5849625007    77.459322667    48.490743999     5.672425342 82.985235817    56.872079534     5.9307373376    99.796973815    54.818062952     6   102.283900308   57.550038602     6.0660891905    108.375577493   60.505008949     6.5391588111    148.767633673   83.800438008     6.5849625007    152.995602336   106.139907555     6.6293566201    160.628615581   89.067641012     6.9657842847    200.161297725   112.453472776     7   205.824015933   135.930753075     7.0334230015    210.192513373   116.697242107     7.5622424242    304.035778887   168.699330324     7.5849625007    305.748875502   178.617329882     7.6073303137    314.050317173   223.004631634     7.9829935747    401.791173697   304.945579899     8   409.483432748   303.157529871     8.0168082877    424.119265186   231.545405236     8.5736471875    605.448555176   424.80696054     8.5849625007    607.284603452   342.123641214     8.5961897561    615.863754668   395.555755955     8.9915218461    803.207926285   611.575583119     9   812.506013352   553.18025024     9.0084286221    815.09008592    578.762145252     9.5793159376    1210.628898233  925.793618042     9.5849625007    1209.223171089  683.90157147     9.5905870499    1219.631198049  893.794979677     9.9957671509    1596.264405994  1103.914749616     10  1606.587640249  1085.280140642     10.0042204663   1616.864825222  1130.343164423     10.5821419817   2345.139190349  1528.461298638     10.5849625007   2403.540379252  1430.78942209     10.5877775163   2366.704676255  1456.155914263     10.9978851278   3076.509079427  1803.067395975     11  3078.925940461  1746.102644706     11.0021117765   3111.258074768  1994.433990999     11.5835529305   4556.56852076   3058.174009469     11.5849625007   4502.975871005  2551.424401063     11.5863706951   4538.094725282  2533.045417625     11.9989429514   5827.952659919  4983.721139081     12  5812.588729177  3774.507385952     12.0010562746   5853.675269234  4017.979668263     12.5842578877   8386.555402598  4910.603339731     12.5849625007   8332.804968689  4966.990490482     12.5856667697   8392.878076465  5048.779860844     12.9994715725   10541.499375969 9471.012935496     13  10529.066751163 6233.173950593     13.000528234    10583.146089496 7356.552861198     13.5846102372   14401.37205005  8704.617585743     13.5849625007   14363.974258746 8713.01377627     13.5853146782   14282.311931098 10376.784988679     13.9997358105   17924.32579547  10960.299110444     14  18539.802353817 10978.068437467     14.0002641412   17573.649107848 12459.412789012     14.5847863797   22813.544369689 18111.530868468     14.5849625007   23197.178627511 15523.929346838     14.5851386002   24072.748522204 14975.096833361     14.9998679113   27122.227913974 22139.146166433     15  28343.29998547  20174.984879434     15.0001320766   27102.259759124 22299.988561706     15.5848744429   33093.457918842 24583.590207991     15.5849625007   37503.657556209 24067.295665602     15.5850505532   35029.522698607 21385.294903538     15.9999339572   35965.052986014 22156.773973963     16  36280.521720143 22768.653369153     16.0000660398   35824.858992535 22095.615170307     16.5849184725   39663.885952713 31544.055792361     16.5849625007   39702.343473768 32020.413157657     16.5850065276   39648.969347573 28171.132563909     16.999966979    39892.031287074 29686.823448866     17  39989.357985912 29563.339750158     17.0000330203   39881.838316571 29597.736848209     17.5849404868   39775.794203249 31879.906514408     17.5849625007   40090.939326761 42632.564123951     17.5849845143   39931.689963714 31764.349460218     17.9999834896   42059.054279617 33266.028653703     18  42036.328865752 33289.438190973     18.0000165102   41612.020018579 33235.604391119     18.5849514938   43934.287383115 34805.978837333     18.5849625007   43757.423406646 34775.082842428     18.5849735076   43806.569286575 34868.32660189     18.9999917448   41188.289875588 35271.795693727     19  41493.55703896  34852.366230723     19.0000082551   41261.894071401 34783.859418754     19.5849569973   46750.487759933 34134.247276319     19.5849625007   46742.858105665 34030.893356802     19.5849680042   46272.488727414 34022.599544173     19.9999958724   39361.483527363 32070.098342443     20  39011.235342666 32078.172520878     20.0000041276   39417.359046151 38439.343773152     20.584959749    32541.918497241 33797.506118382     20.5849625007   32994.871611205 33265.916556813     20.5849652524   33282.976976094 33338.510640811     20.9999979362   30617.072384717 36638.090297614     21  30363.559637657 30035.390170359     21.0000020638   30904.87103504  36802.61117229     21.5849611249   32602.98950649  29047.077888273     21.5849625007   32565.912266974 27241.537806327     21.5849638766   32245.756882312 25122.081310011     21.9999989681   34631.731967715 29207.946376923     22  34818.087121474 26740.547005968     22.0000010319   34592.778882135 23472.260927074     22.5849618128   36725.131366442 24061.012240664     22.5849625007   37169.700021537 24183.159975874     22.5849631887   36395.704815157 25024.525623474     22.9999994841   38375.918718521 26704.848945865     23  37520.785869843 31543.462669175     23.0000005159   38196.313421571 24765.815374737     23.5849621568   39862.547608764 24697.332265871     23.5849625007   39566.218535168 24819.606183673     23.5849628447   40324.827504458 24693.315933731     23.999999742    40827.102556167 25069.671590142     24  40424.324710132 30577.659465717     24.000000258    40358.89294868  24941.099097069     24.5849623287   41435.360383826 31862.436201921     24.5849625007   40956.508539929 28507.061514714     24.5849626727   41644.67545765  27605.865978166     24.999999871    42239.781170468 26207.879591305     25  41752.769862369 25473.326348502     25.000000129    41613.905092199 25261.482217836     25.5849624147   42649.518306265 30801.895171737     25.5849625007   42414.091666634 25250.400756266     25.5849625867   43194.093893614 25250.152249501     25.9999999355   42879.187112688 25235.946710162     26  44507.168450242 25306.504292221     26.0000000645   43992.340356826 25344.246828366     }\datatable     \begin{document}          \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[     width= 1\columnwidth,     height=4cm,     xlabel={Message Size},     ylabel={Gbps},     %y label style={pos=east},     y label style={at={(0.1, 0.5)}},     x label style={at={(0.5, 0.08)}},     legend pos=north west,     legend style={anchor=north west,font=\tiny},     xtick={0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26},     %xmode=log,     %log basis x={2},     scaled y ticks = false,     y tick label style={         /pgf/number format/1000 sep = \thinspace     },     x tick label style={font=\tiny},     scaled x ticks=manual:{}{%         \pgfmathparse{ (#1 < 10) ? pow(2,#1) : ((#1 < 20) ? pow(2, #1 - 10):pow(2, #1 - 20))}%     },     xticklabel={\pgfmathprintnumber\tick },     scaled y ticks=manual:{}{%             \pgfmathparse{#1/1000}%     },     yticklabel={\pgfmathprintnumber\tick},     ]         \addplot [mark=+,color=black] table[y={Shared Memory}, x = {Data Size}] {\datatable};         \addlegendentry{Shared Memory}[minimum height=1.9in];         \addplot [mark=none,color=gray] table[y={NIO}, x ={Data Size}] {\datatable};         \addlegendentry{NIO}[minimum height=1.9in];     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      The result is: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/aVLlk.jpg) However, I want a small modification in the x-axis. Instead of {1,4,16,64,256,1,4,16,64,256,1,4,16,64} I would like {1,4,16,64,256,1Kb,4Kb,16Kb,64Kb,256Kb,1Mb,4Mb,16Mb,64Mb}


title: How do I prevent LyX from loading inputenc?

text: In my (out of the box) configuration of LyX, the line               \usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}      is inserted in the generated .tex file by default. This makes it impossible for me to set different options (e.g., `utf8`) or to load other packages that are incompatible. Is there a way to prevent LyX from loading `inputenc`?


title: Alternative commandchars in fancyvrb

text: In my Verbatim I need to specify colour for my code. In this answer (fancyvrb alternate commandchars and \textcolor) the solution is to put this code in the preamble:               \newcommand*{\fvtextcolor}[1]{\textcolor{#1}{#2}}      and then use               \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=&\[\]]     &fvtextcolor[blue][function]     \end{Verbatim}      My problem is the `commandchars`. `\textcolor` needs a pair of braces, but in my code I use all the pair of braces that is: `()` `[]` `{}`. So is it possible to specify another pair of `commandchars`? Something like `&fvtextcolor'blue''function'` or `&fvtextcolor"blue""function"`?


title: List of figures: source below image caption?

text: I'm relatively new to LaTeX and currently working on a paper. In my list of figures, I'd like to have a structure like this:                   Fig. 1: <Title of figure> . . . 1                 <source_of_image.jpg>              Fig. 2: <Title of figure> . . . 2                 <source_.png>      Can anyone think of a way of doing this? Basically, I just need some kind of reference to the actual figure. I'm using the `caption` package, so the captions of my figures look like this:                   \caption[source of image]{Title of image}      By using the `tocloft` package, I've already managed to tweak a few things; but I'm yet to find out how I can use both source and title of a figure in the list of figures (apart from creating the whole list manually).


title: Complex alignments of blocks

text: How could the kind of layout below be achieved in LaTeX, without using a _letter_ document class? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/JHBlr.jpg) At first, I thought of tables, but it would be impossible to align the first line of the second block with the last one of the first block. Thank you for any help or reference.


title: Trouble referencing with Bibtex and TeXstudio

text: All right, this is driving me crazy... I have thesis example template with one reference that I'm trying to compile with TeXstudio on Windows 7. My thesis template looks like this:               ...a bunch of text     This is some more text \cite{greenwade93}.     \bibliographystyle{plain}     \bibliography{References}     ...      My references are in References.bib:               @article{greenwade93,     author  = "George Greenwade",     title   = "The {C}omprehensive {T}ex {A}rchive {N}etwork ({CTAN})",     year    = "1993",     journal = "TUGBoat",     volume  = "14",     number  = "3",     pages   = "342--351"     }      **The bibliography shows up with the reference at the end of my thesis and the .bbl file looks fine. However, the citation in the text is just a bolded question mark.** I do get a warning that:               "Latex Warning: Citation 'greenwade93' on page 4 undefined on input line 810."      This is my thesis.bbl file:               \begin{thebibliography}{1}          \bibitem{greenwade93}     George Greenwade.     \newblock The {C}omprehensive {T}ex {A}rchive {N}etwork ({CTAN}).     \newblock {\em TUGBoat}, 14(3):342--351, 1993.          \end{thebibliography}      This is my thesis.blg file:               This is BibTeX, Version 0.99dThe top-level auxiliary file: thesis.aux     The style file: plain.bst     Database file #1: References.bib      The thesis.aux also looks fine to me... The last few lines of the .aux file are:               \bibstyle{plain}     \bibdata{References}     \bibcite{greenwade93}{1}     \HyPL@Entry{15<</P(6)>>}     \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{6}{subsection.4.3.2}}      I've searched here and through google for this problem and have found lots... But most of the answer seem to be to run Latex > Bibtex > Latex > Latex But that is what I'm already doing I think, so I'm stumped. Any help is much appreciated!


title: How to change the word "table"/"cuadro" for "tabla" using \cref?

text: I´m starting using `cleveref` package. I like it. But now I´m typing in spanish and when `\cref` is pointing to a table I want that use the word "tabla" instead "cuadro", in the text. When I type "is \cref{tab:a1}" I want obtain "is **tabla** 2" and NOT "is **cuadro** 2" I tried with this lines               \renewcommand{\listtablename}{Índice de tablas}     \renewcommand{\tablename}{Tabla}       but this only changes the word below the table, as you can see. Here is a MWE:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{subcaption}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{mathtools,amsmath,amssymb}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{subcaption}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[spanish]{cleveref}     \usepackage[spanish]{babel}               \begin{document}     \renewcommand{\listtablename}{Índice de tablas}     \renewcommand{\tablename}{Tabla}           La \cref{tab:1a} es bonita(beautifull)\\          \begin{table}[h!]     \centering     \begin{tabular}[h!]{ccc}     \ $a$ & $b$ & $c$ \\     \hline 0 & 0 & 0 \\     \ 1 & 1 & label label-tab:1a \\     \end{tabular}     \caption{A subtable}\label{tab:1a}     \end{table}               \end{document}


title: MiKTeX in inconsistent state: warnings about "SlantFont/ExtendFont" only being usable with "embedded Type1 fonts"

text: I use MiKTeX/`pdflatex` (`This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.4-1.40.13 (MiKTeX 2.9 64-bit) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2013.4.12)`). Even when I compile a plain, nearly empty document               \documentclass{article}          \begin{document}     Hello.     \end{document}      I get 16 warnings of the following form:               pdfTeX warning: pdflatex.exe (file C:/Users/<username>/AppData/Local/MiKTeX/2.9/pdfte     x/config/pdftex.map): invalid entry for `PTMono-<Slanted or BoldSlanted>-tlf-<somestring>--base': SlantFo     nt/ExtendFont can be used only with embedded Type1 fonts      where `<somestring>` has short values such as `x2`, `il2`, or `t2c`. Whenever I update MiKTeX, I synchronize the package database (before and after, though I probably need to do it only once) and I click "Refresh FNDB" and "Refresh Formats" within the MiKTeX Options menu. **What is happening? How can I get rid of the 16 warnings?** _For a more general question about keeping one's MiKTeX installation free of inconsistencies, see this question:How should one maintain and update a MiKTeX installation?_


title: how fancyvrb background color fill completely with fillcolor?

text: I'd like the whole `Verbatim` (`fancyvrb`) block to have a background color. How do I do it? The `fancyvrb` package does define a fillcolor -- but that only colors the area around the margin -- not the background of the block itself.


title: Mind maps in Latex?

text: I would like to dump some minds map in latex. I have them following this structure: ![http://www.wikilearning.com/imagescc/sinop2.jpg](http://i.stack.imgur.com/gpcMV.jpg) Although it does not need need to be exactly like in that chart, just some nice way of drawing hierarchical outline summaries. Thanks.


title: How can I force-move text?

text: My question is simple: how can I force-move text to the left or right (or even outside of the margins)? Some examples would be perfect.


title: Is there an \exclude option?

text: When I'm debugging a big multifile project, it's often useful to make extensive use of `\includeonly` to narrow down where the problem is. but today I found myself using: `\includeonly{chap1,chap2,chap4,chap5}`. Surely `\exclude{chap3}` would be a simpler way to achieve this functionality? But that particular command doesn't seem to exist. Is there a command with this functionality?


title: "greater than" and "less than" not showing up in compiled document

text: I try to write a inline formula including a greater than sign:               $A < B$      If I use the above formula in an empty document it works fine, but in my full document it will just not show up. But I can see the additional space that is included due to the presence of the "greater than" sign. I am using _LyX_ with the _classicthesis_ format. Any Ideas where I could start looking? **Solution:** I've found the solution. I have set the default roman font in the _LyX_ document, which I did not want to.               \font_roman utopia      This has caused the problem. As for the minimal working example. I did not find a good way to do this with LyX, as it is not generating soucecode as Latex does. And LyX documents are not mentionend in the default MWE article. Thanks.


title: media9 and remote web image

text: Hi guys I need to put a remote image on a pdf. Such that if the remote picture changes then also the pdf when opened changes its content. I am trying to use media9 package but I am getting nowhere. Could you please show me an example which works? Thanks.


title: Enforcing That \array Stays Square When Drawing Matrix

text: I'm trying to draw a block matrix in LaTeX, and this is what I have so far:               \begin{array}{|c|c|}         \hline         I_{r \times r} & 0 \\         \hline         0 & 0 \\         \hline     \end{array}      Here's a picture of what this looks like when rendered: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ZyhVc.png) How would I enforce that the matrix be square when rendered? Right now, it's clearly wider than it is tall because of the `I_{r \times r}` placed in top- left element. Also, the intersections of the lines at the corners of the matrix are not being rendered properly. Do you have any suggestions as to how I could fix this as well?


title: How do I convert a character to a numeric value?

text: Now that I've gotten Will Robertson's excellent unicode-math package working to change the colour and style of letters in my mathematics (trust me, there _is_ a reason) thanks to his answer to my previous question, I want to figure out how to implement this properly. The key step seems to be that the command to change how a letter is displayed needs the unicode numerical value of the letter. The example that Will gave was:               \setmathfont[range="66,math-style=upright,Colour=FF0000]{xits-math.otf}      (font name changed to work with xelatex as per Will's comment on that question) which changes the letter `e`. But I want a command that I can invoke as `\type{constR}{e}` (which should declare `e` to be a constant real number). So I need to convert `e` to its unicode value. Now it seems possible that there isn't a general "charater to unicode" command, so I'd be content if I could convert a standard letter to some number since the characters that I'm most going to use this on are the alphanumerics. Thus: > What's the best way to convert an alphanumerical character to a position in > the alphabet?


title: How to install TPX drawing tool

text: I have downloaded TPX Drawing tool to make some drawing for latex document but it has many files inside the zip file, nothing is there to install. I am in windows. I downloaded it from TPX Drawing Tool. How could I install it? ![screenshot of tpx folder](http://i.stack.imgur.com/PUrX7.png)


title: Print small TeX code verbatim and render it

text: To write some documentation, I would like the ability to define a command such as               \showcase{x^{y}\in\Omega}      which expands to something roughly equivalent to               \verb|x^{y}\in\Omega| & $x^{y}\in\Omega$ \\      so that I can show what the latex code looks like and how does it show on the document. Now I now that it isn't really possible to use `\verb` for this because it's **really** fragile and you can't pass arguments from a macro to it. But, assuming that I'm not trying to write anything crazy in the argument to `\showcase` (e.g. braces are always balanced, I don't care much if spaces are collapsed, no `%`'s inside), is there a way to define such a command? ## Update `\detokenize` does (almost) exactly what I want. Take the following example               \newcommand\showcase[1]{{\ttfamily\detokenize{#1}} & $#1$}     \begin{tabular}{cc|cc}     \showcase{x^{y}}      & \showcase{\hat{x}, \bar{x}} \\     \showcase{x_{y}}      & \showcase{f\colon X \to Y} \\     \showcase{x'}         & \showcase{\sqrt{x+2}} \\     \showcase{x''_{2}}    & \showcase{2 < x \leq 4} \\     \showcase{A^{1}_{2}}  & \showcase{\frac{a+b}{c+d}} \\     \showcase{3\pi/4}     & \showcase{\int_{0}^{1} x^{2} \,dx} \\     \showcase{x\in\Omega} & \showcase{A \cup B \subseteq C \cap D}     \end{tabular}      Which produces the output: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/rxnhE.png) My minor quibbles are that:   * The double `''` seems to have been collapsed into a `"`   * I find mildly annoying the spaces after control sequences. I know why they are there, but could there be a way to remove the space if it is _not_ followed by a letter or number? (Or, conversely, if followed by `{` or `_`)


title: Efficient Manner of Importing Graphics

text: What is the quickest way of importing graphics you need into your tex file. Say if you need to put figure's, charts, or plots from a textbook into your document. What's the fastest (but still get beautiful results) and less painful way of achieving this task? For instance, say for a school assignment or research paper of some sort where the needed picture is on paper and not digitized. And I do not want to go to means of photo scanning the book/paper to make it digital format. I know `pstricks` and `tikz` can always be used for such a thing, but can it be done another way somehow if one does not have knowledge and time to learn these packages in depth at the moment?


title: How to create a table with merged columns and rows, and wrapped text, like in MS Word?

text: ![table](http://i.stack.imgur.com/fqAm4.png) The above can easily be created in MS word, but how can I create something like this in latex? Basically changing the columns for specific cells, merging a bunch of cells together, wrapping text in a cell?


title: Grouping / Components in TikZ

text: I am creating pictures in TikZ. Now, I have a certain C component, which consists of 4 nodes ( (a), (b), (c), (d) ). I want to create 5 copies of this component, call them (A, B, C, D, E). Then, I want to be able to draw lines between nodes of components. I.e.: draw (A.a) (B.c); etc ... My question: how do I create a "component" or a "grouping" in Tikz?


title: How can I configure Emacs to use XeLaTeX without AUCTeX

text: The title says it all I hope, I'd like to configure Emacs to use XeLaTeX instead of pdfLaTeX, which is the default. I'm using MiKTeX on Windows (it's in my PATH), if that makes a difference. I'm pretty sure there must be a simple way to achieve this, but I'm by no means an Emacs expert.


title: biblatex: filter out publications from a specific author in the references dynamically

text: I'm using biblatex, and I would like to leave out those entries from the bibliography, where a specific person is an author (it's a PhD thesis and my own publications should come in a separate bibliography).   * It can be done with using a special keyword in those bib entries, and later filter out that keyword, but I would prefer not to modify the bib entries.   * I was able to manage it with creating a category (with `\DeclareBibliographyCategory`), and then manually adding the item in question to them, but an automatic and dynamic solution would be much better.   * `\defbibcheck` seems to be exactly the feature I was looking for, but I'm having problems with the substring checking code. Author names are a name list, and inside the `\defbibcheck` it can be accessed with `\thename{author}`. It returns a raw form string with hashes, author first and last names, initials. Now only a substring check is needed. However               \defbibcheck{ownpublications}{       % IfSubStr is from xstring package       \IfSubStr{\thename{author}}{Author1}{        \skipentry%       }     }      prints all the references, even those, where Author1 is among the authors. The substring search and the skipping works, if I use a constant instead of `\thename{author}`, thus I thought maybe it is an expansion problem. My Tex/Latex knowledge is very limited when it comes to more than the usual formatting commands, but I tried the following (among other random variants with `\fullexpand` and `\expandafter`, etc.):               \defbibcheck{ownpublications}{       \edef\authorstring{\thename{author}}         \IfSubStr{\authorstring}{Author1}{        \skipentry%       }     }      but the result is the same, none of the entries are skipped. I tried other various checks which include custom macros returning strings, or macros using other fields from the actual bib entry (like year), so maybe the problem is not with expansion but with `\thename`. UPDATE: a full minimal example               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{xstring}     \usepackage{filecontents}          \begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}     @book{texbook,         author = {D.E. Knuth},         title = {The {\TeX}book},         publisher = {Addison Wesley},         year = 1986     }          @Book{latexbook,       author =       "Leslie Lamport",       title =        "{\LaTeX} - A Document Preparation System - User's Guide and Reference Manual",       publisher =    {Addison Wesley},         year =         "1985"       }     \end{filecontents}          \usepackage[backend=biber,style=alphabetic]{biblatex}     \addbibresource{\jobname.bib}          \defbibcheck{ownpublications}{       \edef\authorstring{\thename{author}}         \IfSubStr{\authorstring}{Lamport}{%        \skipentry       }{}     }          % document body     \begin{document}          Cite something, this should go in the references \cite{texbook}.          Full citation of other, this should appear only here, and not in the references: \fullcite{latexbook}          \printbibliography[check=ownpublications]          \end{document}


title: How can I change format of number's axis on pgfplots

text: I want to change format of x or y number in green box of below graph .![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/dEVBk.jpg)


title: `node distance=#1` appears to be ineffective under TikZ 3.0

text: I was not having this problem before I upgraded (note `node distance=5in`):               \documentclass[tikz]{standalone}          \usetikzlibrary{arrows}     \tikzset{       node distance=3cm,       graph vertex/.style={         circle,         draw,         minimum size=7.5mm,       },       graph directed edge/.style={         >=stealth,         ->,         semithick,       },     }          \begin{document}       \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=5in]         \foreach \posx/\posy/\name in {           1/3/A,           0/3/B,           2/3/C,           3/3/D,           1/2/E,           3/2/F,           0/1/G,           2/1/H,           1/0/I,           3/1/J}         \node[graph vertex] (\name) at ((\posx,\posy) {\name};       \foreach \source/\sink in {A/C,A/H,B/A,B/G,C/D,D/F,E/A,E/I,F/J,G/I,H/F,H/G,I/H,J/C}         \path[graph directed edge] (\source) edge (\sink);     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      ![output](http://i.stack.imgur.com/aSN82.png)


title: altering cv in latex - tabular extending two pages?

text: I have the following script for writing an academic cv:               \documentclass[10pt]{article}     \usepackage[margin=3cm]{geometry}     \usepackage{array, xcolor}     \usepackage{lipsum}     \usepackage{longtable}     \definecolor{lightgray}{gray}{0.8}     \newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedleft}p{0.14\textwidth}}     \newcolumntype{R}{p{0.8\textwidth}}     \newcommand\VRule{\color{lightgray}\vrule width 0.5pt}          \title{\bfseries\Huge Name}     \date{}     \begin{document}     \maketitle     %     %     \section*{Personal Details}     \begin{tabular}{L!{\VRule}R}     \hline     Address: & blah blah blah\\     & blah\\     & blah\vspace{5pt}\\     Phone: & +44 123 245676\vspace{5pt}\\     Email: & emailAdreSS.com      \end{tabular}     %     %     \section*{Education}     \begin{tabular}{L!{\VRule}R}     \hline\\     2011--present & PhD, Somewhere\vspace{5pt}\\     2010--2011 & MSc, Somewhere else\vspace{5pt}\\     2007--2010 & BSc, Some other place     \end{tabular}     %     %     \section*{Research Experience}               %     %     \section*{Scholarships and Awards}     \begin{tabular}{L!{\VRule}R}     \hline\\     Sept. 2007 & \\     Sept. 2010 & \\     Oct. 2011 &      \end{tabular}     %     %     \section*{Additional experience}     \begin{tabular}{L!{\VRule}R}     \hline\\     &\textbullet Driving License, Full Clean\\     \end{tabular}     %     %     \section*{Referee}     \end{document}      The only problem that I am experiencing is how to write the section on Research Experience. For this I require the year on the left column (i.e. same as other sections) but I would like a paragraph on the right where I can provide a description of the tasks undertaken. What would be the best way of doing this? Keeping in mind that the section will probably extend to the second page. thanks in advance.


title: Is there a good way to get hover text references on some of my math symbols?

text: I am writing some lecture notes that are intended to be accessed through a computer most likely. They are kind of mathy and I was hoping that there was some way for me to clean up the number of words on the page using tooltips/hovering text in a systematic way that won't require a crap ton of copy-pasting. The idea is, I want the sections to be relatively self contained, so they can be read in arbitrary order. However, this requires a ton of extra text in terms of redefining things that I already defined. For instance, I introduced some manifolds, called M and W, and a map between them, called Phi, in the opening section or two of the text. In some later section I want just be able to talk about M, W, and Phi without taking up a half of page dedicated to redefining them. So if I were to write something like "Consider M, W, and Phi" the student could hover over M,W, or Phi and view their definitions. Something like "M is a differentiable manifold of dimension d," and even better if I can make differentiable manifold linkable (I have a makeshift glossary which is just a bunch of labeled text). I saw a similar question on here mentioned cooltooltips as a package for making tooltips, but it looks very cumbersome to use if I want them every time I reference anything. Thanks for the help!


title: Heading title with a logo

text: I'm trying to lay out the following:               XXXXXXX Title     XXXXXXX Subtitle     XXXXXXX Maybe even a date!     XXXXXXX     XXXXXXX               Content, content, content ...      The X's are an image (a logo), and the text is just off to the side. This is sort of a title to a page - not a float, so figures and captions seem wholly inappropriate: this needs to be rendered where it appears in the text, which will be kind of the top of the file. `\maketitle` is just too bulky, and this should have a more branded feel.               \begin{document}     % What goes here?     \includegraphics{the_logo.pdf}     Title \\ Subtitle \\ Maybe even a date!     % </what goes here>          Content, content, content...     \end{document}      I appreciate that LaTeX generally handles formatting for me, but on the occasions I want to take control of the layout, it seems next to impossible...


title: How can I create a new extensible symbol?

text: Given an arbitrary thin vertical symbol, can I create a new math delimiter from it (and if so, how)? **Edit** : Ideally, I would like to be able to create an extensible symbol, either built out an existing normal symbol, or even made from scratch. **Edit 2** : I am pretty sure that what I am after is an explanation of how to create a `.tfm` file for an extensible symbol (which Werner's answer describes the general structure of, but not how to make one). * * * For example, let's say I wanted to use the `\dagger` (![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/RlipG.png)) or `\wr` (![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/etSEX.png)) symbol as a delimiter, and write expressions like               \[\left\ldagger \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n \right\rdagger\]      where the symbol scaled appropriately. Would there be any distinction between declaring a symmetric delimiter (like `\vert`), as opposed to one that has inherently different "left" and "right" versions like `[` and `]`? Now, even being unaware of the inner workings of TeX, I imagine that there has to be lots of information in the fonts for how a delimiter is to be scaled in different situations, and if I try to make my own delimiter, this information won't be present. Would I need to get deep into FontForge or equivalent to achieve my custom delimiters, or is there an easier way?


title: What can I do if I want to have a system for compilation to (AMS) LaTeX regarding restrictions to user-defined macros?

text: So I want to have a system where some user document is fully processed by TeX engine (full TeX engine!) and some data is collected to some helper file (saying "helper" just not make you think it's standard `.aux` file), which is then used for some processing of original document to produce standard (AMS)LaTeX which can be processed by something incapable of handling macros, like latex2html. What can I do if I want the user to have ability to define his own macros? What interface can I provide? What restrictions (i.e. rules to follow) on user macros are reasonable?


title: Put numbers to equations

text: I want that latex always puts a number behind an equation that I created with $$ $$, but not when I did it with $ $. Is this possible?


I am new lyx user and I have miktex 2.9 installed on my machine. I cannot convert my lyx document to pdf. When I look at the debug messages this is what I get               01:13:21.694: Enter characters to filter the layout list.     01:13:23.085: Enter characters to filter the layout list.     01:13:24.321: Enter characters to filter the layout list.     01:13:30.648: Enter characters to filter the layout list.     01:13:35.712: Opening document ~\Documents\...\Lab.lyx...     01:13:36.000: Document ~\Documents\...\Lab.lyx opened.     01:13:36.009: (file-open C:/Users/{user}/Documents/.../Lab.lyx)     01:13:54.899: (dialog-toggle view-source)..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4          \GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend pdflatex!         ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\          qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend latex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend luatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend dviluatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xetex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xhtml!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend text!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend pdflatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend latex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend luatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend dviluatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xetex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xhtml!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend text!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend pdflatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend latex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend luatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend dviluatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xetex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xhtml!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend text!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend pdflatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend latex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend luatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend dviluatex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xetex!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend xhtml!     ..\..\..\..\src\frontends\qt4\GuiViewSource.cpp (208): Can't find format for backend text!     01:18:20.096: Automatic save done.


title: Alternating equation numbers

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Equation numbers in outer margins Is there a way to put equation numbers to the outer edge of a two-sided document? Some kind of mixture of leqno and reqno which puts eq. numbers to the left on even pages and to the right on odd pages.


title: Which document class should I use for a thesis proposal?

text: I am writing a proposal for a semester of paper reading and small projects that will result in a thesis proposal. The proposal will include 1) a thesis general thesis topic 2) specialized training 3) a reading list 4) a timeline. Which document class best fits this sort of document?


title: Unable to show a derivative with `\dot` in gfsartemisia-euler font (inside TikZ figure)

text: I'm trying to make a figure using a font that has support for mathematics. The aim here is to enhance the visual appeal of the figure compared to what could be achieved with one of the plainer standard LaTeX fonts. After some experimentation I have chosen gfsartemisia-euler. I have the problem that the `\dot{x}` command is processed to give a result more like `\underline{x}`. Here's an example:               \documentclass[a4paper]{article}          \usepackage{mathtools, color,tikz}           \usetikzlibrary{positioning,shapes}     \usetikzlibrary{fit}     \usetikzlibrary{calc}               \usepackage{gfsartemisia-euler}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}               \begin{document}          \pagestyle{empty}          \begin{figure}[c]          \centering      \begin{tikzpicture}          \begin{scope}[font=\large, color=black, ultra thick, node distance=19mm, text centered,text=black]          \node[text width=80mm]  (SE-PE) {$\displaystyle \frac{ \partial } { \partial t} A_{n r} = [B_{0}, A_{nr} ] + \sum_{\substack{s \neq r  \\ s=1}}^{M} \frac{ \dot{x}_{r} - \dot{x}_{s} } { x_{r} - x_{s} } [ A_{ns}, A_{nr}] $ \\[+5pt]  Schlesinger Equations/ Painlev\'e Equations};          \node[minimum height=47mm, minimum width=87mm, rounded rectangle, draw,red] at (SE-PE) {};          \end{scope}          \end{tikzpicture}     \end{figure}          \end{document}      with result ![numerator terms are underlined rather than having a dot above](http://i.stack.imgur.com/xZwDw.png) I have looked at various pages on changing fonts in documents without success, but I don't often have to play with fonts so it appears that I'm missing some crucial piece of information on how to proceed. Suggestions will be appreciated.


title: Ensure verbatim code block is copy/paste-able

text: After rendering a document containing this code block               \begin{verbatim}     if [ ! -d .git ]; then git init; fi         # Initialises a new Git repository, if doesn't already exist.     if [ ! -f README.md ]; touch README.md; fi  # Creates an empty README.md file,  if doesn't already exist.     git add -A                                  # Stages any files/directories present, in preparation to commit them to local Git repo.     git commit -m 'first commit'                # Commits the staged files/dirs to the local Git repo.     git remote add origin GIT_REMOTE_URL        # Adds the GitHub repo created above as a "Git remote" with the alias "origin".     \end{verbatim}      to PDF using `pdflatex`, and viewing the PDF in Apple's _Preview_ application, the rendered code block looked exactly as expected:               if [ ! -d .git ]; then git init; fi         # Initialises a new Git repository, if doesn't already exist.     if [ ! -f README.md ]; touch README.md; fi  # Creates an empty README.md file,  if doesn't already exist.     git add -A                                  # Stages any files/directories present, in preparation to commit them to local Git repo.     git commit -m 'first commit'                # Commits the staged files/dirs to the local Git repo.     git remote add origin GIT_REMOTE_URL        # Adds the GitHub repo created above as a "Git remote" with the alias "origin".      However, I then tried copying and pasting the rendered code block from the PDF into a text file. I had been expecting the result to be exactly like the original, but instead it was as follows:               if[!-d.git];thengitinit;fi if [ ! -f README.md ]; touch README.md; fi git add -A git commit -m 'first commit' git remote add origin GIT_REMOTE_URL     # Initialises a # Creates an em # Stages any fi # Commits the s # Adds the GitH      Obviously, this is rather different to the original! Using Acrobat Professional 8, the result is also wrong, but in a different way:               if [ ! -d .git ]; then git init; fi # Initialises a if [ ! -f README.md ]; touch README.md; fi # Creates an emgit add -A # Stages any figit commit -m 'first commit' # Commits the sgit remote add origin GIT_REMOTE_URL # Adds the GitHEN      **My question is:** is there a way to ensure that the original contents of _every_ `\begin{verbatim}...\end{verbatim}` environment is preserved in the PDF output, not only as seen by the eye but also as "seen" by the text selection tools in PDF viewing software?


title: Movie won't run in beamer

text: i'am trying to include a video into my beamer-präsentation. The picture and the buttons are displayed, but the video won't run. Im using iOS, just in case there is a special problem with my platform. Thank you for your time :)                   \begin{frame}{Snake-Lichtspiel}         \begin{center}         \movie[width = 6cm, hight = 6cm, start = 0s, duration = 15s]{\includegraphics[width = 6cm, hight = 6cm]{../Images/P1080386}}{../Videos/snake.mp4}         \\         \hyperlinkmovie[start = 15s, duration = 20s]{snake}         {\beamerbutton{Snake}}         \hyperlinkmovie[pause]{snake}{\beamerbutton{pause}}         \hyperlinkmovie[resume]{snake}{\beamerbutton{resume}}       \end{center}      \end{frame}