title: BibTex "Hello World" Example Yielding Undefined Citation

text: The Bibtex "Hello World" example does not seem to work, for unknown reasons. LaTeX code is below:               \documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{article}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage{amsmath}     %\documentclass[11pt]{article}     \usepackage{cite}     \usepackage{amsfonts}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage[left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry}     \author{Jeffrey Wubbenhorst}     \title{Citation Sandbox}     \begin{document}     \maketitle          Yo! Verily, I shall write some text, and insert appropriate citations.      \cite{Nobody06}               \bibliography{document}{}     \bibliographystyle{plain}     \end{document}      BibTex entry is below:               @misc{Nobody06,            author = "Nobody Jr",            title = "My Article",            year = "2006" }      It seems to me as though I am making an obvious, stupid error. I am using PDFLaTeX on MikTex. I have tested code on Texmaker (64-bit Windows 7) and ShareLaTeX.com. My log file is below:                      This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.4-1.40.13 (MiKTeX 2.9 64-bit) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2013.12.9)  19 MAY 2014 19:02     entering extended mode     **Citation_Sandbox.tex          ("C:\Users\chire001\Documents\Jeffrey Files\School\Software\LaTeX\Disposables\C     itations\Citation_Sandbox.tex"     LaTeX2e <2011/06/27>     Babel <v3.8m> and hyphenation patterns for english, afrikaans, ancientgreek, ar     abic, armenian, assamese, basque, bengali, bokmal, bulgarian, catalan, coptic,      croatian, czech, danish, dutch, esperanto, estonian, farsi, finnish, french, ga     lician, german, german-x-2012-05-30, greek, gujarati, hindi, hungarian, iceland     ic, indonesian, interlingua, irish, italian, kannada, kurmanji, latin, latvian,      lithuanian, malayalam, marathi, mongolian, mongolianlmc, monogreek, ngerman, n     german-x-2012-05-30, nynorsk, oriya, panjabi, pinyin, polish, portuguese, roman     ian, russian, sanskrit, serbian, slovak, slovenian, spanish, swedish, swissgerm     an, tamil, telugu, turkish, turkmen, ukenglish, ukrainian, uppersorbian, usengl     ishmax, welsh, loaded.     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\article.cls"     Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\size12.clo"     File: size12.clo 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)     )     \c@part=\count79     \c@section=\count80     \c@subsection=\count81     \c@subsubsection=\count82     \c@paragraph=\count83     \c@subparagraph=\count84     \c@figure=\count85     \c@table=\count86     \abovecaptionskip=\skip41     \belowcaptionskip=\skip42     \bibindent=\dimen102     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\inputenc.sty"     Package: inputenc 2008/03/30 v1.1d Input encoding file     \inpenc@prehook=\toks14     \inpenc@posthook=\toks15          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\utf8.def"     File: utf8.def 2008/04/05 v1.1m UTF-8 support for inputenc     Now handling font encoding OML ...     ... no UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding OML     Now handling font encoding T1 ...     ... processing UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding T1          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\t1enc.dfu"     File: t1enc.dfu 2008/04/05 v1.1m UTF-8 support for inputenc        defining Unicode char U+00A1 (decimal 161)        defining Unicode char U+00A3 (decimal 163)        defining Unicode char U+00AB (decimal 171)        defining Unicode char U+00BB (decimal 187)        defining Unicode char U+00BF (decimal 191)        defining Unicode char U+00C0 (decimal 192)        defining Unicode char U+00C1 (decimal 193)        defining Unicode char U+00C2 (decimal 194)        defining Unicode char U+00C3 (decimal 195)        defining Unicode char U+00C4 (decimal 196)        defining Unicode char U+00C5 (decimal 197)        defining Unicode char U+00C6 (decimal 198)        defining Unicode char U+00C7 (decimal 199)        defining Unicode char U+00C8 (decimal 200)        defining Unicode char U+00C9 (decimal 201)        defining Unicode char U+00CA (decimal 202)        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     defining Unicode char U+201C (decimal 8220)        defining Unicode char U+201D (decimal 8221)        defining Unicode char U+201E (decimal 8222)        defining Unicode char U+2030 (decimal 8240)        defining Unicode char U+2031 (decimal 8241)        defining Unicode char U+2039 (decimal 8249)        defining Unicode char U+203A (decimal 8250)        defining Unicode char U+2423 (decimal 9251)     )     Now handling font encoding OT1 ...     ... processing UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding OT1          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\ot1enc.dfu"     File: ot1enc.dfu 2008/04/05 v1.1m UTF-8 support for inputenc        defining Unicode char U+00A1 (decimal 161)        defining Unicode char U+00A3 (decimal 163)        defining Unicode char U+00B8 (decimal 184)        defining Unicode char U+00BF (decimal 191)        defining Unicode char U+00C5 (decimal 197)        defining Unicode char U+00C6 (decimal 198)        defining Unicode char U+00D8 (decimal 216)        defining Unicode char U+00DF (decimal 223)        defining Unicode char U+00E6 (decimal 230)        defining Unicode char U+00EC (decimal 236)        defining Unicode char U+00ED (decimal 237)        defining Unicode char U+00EE (decimal 238)        defining Unicode char U+00EF (decimal 239)        defining Unicode char U+00F8 (decimal 248)        defining Unicode char U+0131 (decimal 305)        defining Unicode char U+0141 (decimal 321)        defining Unicode char U+0142 (decimal 322)        defining Unicode char U+0152 (decimal 338)        defining Unicode char U+0153 (decimal 339)        defining Unicode char U+2013 (decimal 8211)        defining Unicode char U+2014 (decimal 8212)        defining Unicode char U+2018 (decimal 8216)        defining Unicode char U+2019 (decimal 8217)        defining Unicode char U+201C (decimal 8220)        defining Unicode char U+201D (decimal 8221)     )     Now handling font encoding OMS ...     ... processing UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding OMS          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\omsenc.dfu"     File: omsenc.dfu 2008/04/05 v1.1m UTF-8 support for inputenc        defining Unicode char U+00A7 (decimal 167)        defining Unicode char U+00B6 (decimal 182)        defining Unicode char U+00B7 (decimal 183)        defining Unicode char U+2020 (decimal 8224)        defining Unicode char U+2021 (decimal 8225)        defining Unicode char U+2022 (decimal 8226)     )     Now handling font encoding OMX ...     ... no UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding OMX     Now handling font encoding U ...     ... no UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding U        defining Unicode char U+00A9 (decimal 169)        defining Unicode char U+00AA (decimal 170)        defining Unicode char U+00AE (decimal 174)        defining Unicode char U+00BA (decimal 186)        defining Unicode char U+02C6 (decimal 710)        defining Unicode char U+02DC (decimal 732)        defining Unicode char U+200C (decimal 8204)        defining Unicode char U+2026 (decimal 8230)        defining Unicode char U+2122 (decimal 8482)        defining Unicode char U+2423 (decimal 9251)     ))     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsmath\amsmath.sty"     Package: amsmath 2013/01/14 v2.14 AMS math features     \@mathmargin=\skip43          For additional information on amsmath, use the `?' option.     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsmath\amstext.sty"     Package: amstext 2000/06/29 v2.01          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsmath\amsgen.sty"     File: amsgen.sty 1999/11/30 v2.0     \@emptytoks=\toks16     \ex@=\dimen103     ))     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsmath\amsbsy.sty"     Package: amsbsy 1999/11/29 v1.2d     \pmbraise@=\dimen104     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsmath\amsopn.sty"     Package: amsopn 1999/12/14 v2.01 operator names     )     \inf@bad=\count87     LaTeX Info: Redefining \frac on input line 210.     \uproot@=\count88     \leftroot@=\count89     LaTeX Info: Redefining \overline on input line 306.     \classnum@=\count90     \DOTSCASE@=\count91     LaTeX Info: Redefining \ldots on input line 378.     LaTeX Info: Redefining \dots on input line 381.     LaTeX Info: Redefining \cdots on input line 466.     \Mathstrutbox@=\box26     \strutbox@=\box27     \big@size=\dimen105     LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding OML on input line 566.     LaTeX Font Info:    Redeclaring font encoding OMS on input line 567.     \macc@depth=\count92     \c@MaxMatrixCols=\count93     \dotsspace@=\muskip10     \c@parentequation=\count94     \dspbrk@lvl=\count95     \tag@help=\toks17     \row@=\count96     \column@=\count97     \maxfields@=\count98     \andhelp@=\toks18     \eqnshift@=\dimen106     \alignsep@=\dimen107     \tagshift@=\dimen108     \tagwidth@=\dimen109     \totwidth@=\dimen110     \lineht@=\dimen111     \@envbody=\toks19     \multlinegap=\skip44     \multlinetaggap=\skip45     \mathdisplay@stack=\toks20     LaTeX Info: Redefining \[ on input line 2665.     LaTeX Info: Redefining \] on input line 2666.     )     (C:\Users\chire001\AppData\Roaming\MiKTeX\2.9\tex\latex\cite\cite.sty     LaTeX Info: Redefining \cite on input line 302.     LaTeX Info: Redefining \nocite on input line 373.     Package: cite 2010/09/10  v 5.3     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsfonts\amsfonts.sty"     Package: amsfonts 2013/01/14 v3.01 Basic AMSFonts support     \symAMSa=\mathgroup4     \symAMSb=\mathgroup5     LaTeX Font Info:    Overwriting math alphabet `\mathfrak' in version `bold'     (Font)                  U/euf/m/n --> U/euf/b/n on input line 106.     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsfonts\amssymb.sty"     Package: amssymb 2013/01/14 v3.01 AMS font symbols     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\geometry\geometry.sty"     Package: geometry 2010/09/12 v5.6 Page Geometry          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\graphics\keyval.sty"     Package: keyval 1999/03/16 v1.13 key=value parser (DPC)     \KV@toks@=\toks21     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\oberdiek\ifpdf.sty"     Package: ifpdf 2011/01/30 v2.3 Provides the ifpdf switch (HO)     Package ifpdf Info: pdfTeX in PDF mode is detected.     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\oberdiek\ifvtex.sty"     Package: ifvtex 2010/03/01 v1.5 Detect VTeX and its facilities (HO)     Package ifvtex Info: VTeX not detected.     )     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\ifxetex\ifxetex.sty"     Package: ifxetex 2010/09/12 v0.6 Provides ifxetex conditional     )     \Gm@cnth=\count99     \Gm@cntv=\count100     \c@Gm@tempcnt=\count101     \Gm@bindingoffset=\dimen112     \Gm@wd@mp=\dimen113     \Gm@odd@mp=\dimen114     \Gm@even@mp=\dimen115     \Gm@layoutwidth=\dimen116     \Gm@layoutheight=\dimen117     \Gm@layouthoffset=\dimen118     \Gm@layoutvoffset=\dimen119     \Gm@dimlist=\toks22          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\geometry\geometry.cfg"))     ("C:\Users\chire001\Documents\Jeffrey Files\School\Software\LaTeX\Disposables\C     itations\Citation_Sandbox.aux")     LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 11.     LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 11.          *geometry* driver: auto-detecting     *geometry* detected driver: pdftex     *geometry* verbose mode - [ preamble ] result:     * driver: pdftex     * paper: letterpaper     * layout: <same size as paper>     * layoutoffset:(h,v)=(0.0pt,0.0pt)     * modes:      * h-part:(L,W,R)=(56.9055pt, 500.484pt, 56.9055pt)     * v-part:(T,H,B)=(56.9055pt, 681.15898pt, 56.9055pt)     * \paperwidth=614.295pt     * \paperheight=794.96999pt     * \textwidth=500.484pt     * \textheight=681.15898pt     * \oddsidemargin=-15.36449pt     * \evensidemargin=-15.36449pt     * \topmargin=-52.36449pt     * \headheight=12.0pt     * \headsep=25.0pt     * \topskip=12.0pt     * \footskip=30.0pt     * \marginparwidth=44.0pt     * \marginparsep=10.0pt     * \columnsep=10.0pt     * \skip\footins=10.8pt plus 4.0pt minus 2.0pt     * \hoffset=0.0pt     * \voffset=0.0pt     * \mag=1000     * \@twocolumnfalse     * \@twosidefalse     * \@mparswitchfalse     * \@reversemarginfalse     * (1in=72.27pt=25.4mm, 1cm=28.453pt)          LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+msa on input line 12.     ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsfonts\umsa.fd"     File: umsa.fd 2013/01/14 v3.01 AMS symbols A     )     LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for U+msb on input line 12.          ("C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\amsfonts\umsb.fd"     File: umsb.fd 2013/01/14 v3.01 AMS symbols B     )     ("C:\Users\chire001\Documents\Jeffrey Files\School\Software\LaTeX\Disposables\C     itations\Citation_Sandbox.bbl") [1          {C:/Users/chire001/AppData/Local/MiKTeX/2.9/pdftex/config/pdftex.map}]     ("C:\Users\chire001\Documents\Jeffrey Files\School\Software\LaTeX\Disposables\C     itations\Citation_Sandbox.aux") )      Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:      1931 strings out of 493921      23975 string characters out of 3147273      77943 words of memory out of 3000000      5229 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+200000      7442 words of font info for 29 fonts, out of 3000000 for 9000      841 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191      27i,6n,24p,229b,192s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s     <C:/Program Files/MiKTeX 2.9/fonts/type1/publi     c/amsfonts/cm/cmbx12.pfb><C:/Program Files/MiKTeX 2.9/fonts/type1/public/amsfon     ts/cm/cmr12.pfb><C:/Program Files/MiKTeX 2.9/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr     17.pfb>     Output written on Citation_Sandbox.pdf (1 page, 35023 bytes).     PDF statistics:      18 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)      0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)      1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)      Thanks!


title: Undefined citation warnings

text: When I compile my document I get warnings of the form:               Package natbib Warning: Citation `xxxxx' on page y undefined on input line      z.      This problem does fix itself eventually when the compiler reached my `bibliography.bib` file but is there a way I can prevent them from occurring in the first place?


title: How to typeset the whole article efficiently?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Undefined citation warnings   >  Question mark instead of citation number I am a new user of LaTeX. I am writing a paper using TeXworks, using Jabref for the bibliography. I had to typeset so many times to get my article to have correct citation format, otherwise it's showing me a question (?) mark! Sometimes, I had to close all the files and re-open them to get correct output. Sometimes it's not working. Can anyone please give me any idea to resolve the issue? It's really time consuming having to typeset again and again but not getting the output. In fact, I even don't know in which conditions this happens.


title: bibliography does not apper

text: I am using texmaker on ubuntu 12.04. After compiling the bibliography does not apper. I am new to latex so maybe I am doing something of wrong. I know that there are a lot of post with the same problem but I am not able to solve with them. here a small example: this is the file AWSPCA.tex                   \documentclass[oneside]{article}     \usepackage[cmex10]{amsmath}     \usepackage{amssymb}     %\usepackage{graphicx}     %%\usepackage{amsthm}     \usepackage{graphics}     \usepackage{subfigure}     %%\usepackage{float}     \usepackage{epsfig}     \usepackage{rotating}     %%\usepackage{enumerate}     \usepackage{booktabs}     \usepackage{multirow}     \usepackage{bm}          \usepackage{cite}     \usepackage{color}     %% correct bad hyphenation here     %\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}                    \begin{document}     Hello  \cite{shen2008sparse}               \bibliography{biblio}{}     \bibliographystyle{plain}     \end{document}      And here the file biblio.bib %List of References               @article{shen2008sparse,       title={Sparse principal component analysis via regularized low rank matrix approximation},       author={Shen, Haipeng and Huang, Jianhua Z},       journal={Journal of multivariate analysis},       volume={99},       number={6},       pages={1015--1034},       year={2008},       publisher={Academic Press}     }      The two files are in the same folder. The obtained output is `Hello[?]` without the bibliography. I tried to compile the file different times. From the compiler I receive this warning               LaTeX Warning: Citation `shen2008sparse' on page 1 undefined on input line 24.     No file AWSPCA.bbl.     [1     {/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./AWSPCA.aux)     LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references.


title: References in .bib file but not the bbl file

text: I am trying to create a bibliography, using natbib, but only one of the references can be cited in my tex file - the others appear as ? in the tex and not at all in the References section. Here is the bib file               @misc{Bates2013,        author = {Bates, Douglas and Maechler, Martin and Bolker, Ben},        title = {lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes},        url = {http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4},        year = {2013},        type = {Computer Program}     }          @article{Raghunathan2004,        author = {Raghunathan, Trivellore E},        title = {What do we do with missing data? Some options for analysis of incomplete    data},        journal = {Annu. Rev. Public Health},        volume = {25},        pages = {99-117},        ISSN = {0163-7525},        year = {2004},        type = {Journal Article}     }      Here is the bbl file               \begin{thebibliography}{1}     \providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}     \providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}     \expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax       \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi: #1}\else       \providecommand{\doi}{doi: \begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi          \bibitem[Bates et~al.(2013)Bates, Maechler, and Bolker]{Bates2013}     Douglas Bates, Martin Maechler, and Ben Bolker.     \newblock lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using s4 classes, 2013.     \newblock URL \url{http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4}.          \end{thebibliography}      And here is the blg file               This is BibTeX, Version 0.99dThe top-level auxiliary file: flex1.aux     The style file: plainnat.bst     Database file #1: flex1.bib      And in my tex file I have               %[preamble]          \usepackage[round]{natbib}          %[section]          \citep{Raghunathan2004, Bates2013}               \section{Bibliography}          \bibliographystyle{plainnat}     \bibliography{flex1}          \end{document}      This is displayed as > (? Bates et al., 2013) and > References Douglas Bates, Martin Maechler, and Ben Bolker. lme4: Linear > mixed-eects models using s4 classes, 2013. URL > http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4. Could anyone let me know what I am doing wrong ? **Update** , as per the comment by mafp, I have run `pdflatex`, `bibtex`, `pdflatex`, `pdflatex`, and this has magically solved the problem ! Could anyone explain why this is needed ?


title: natbib bibliography doesn't compile

text: I'm using natbib and can't get it to run. Is there something obvious I'm missing?               \documentclass[DIV=10,openany, titlepage=false]{scrreprt}          \usepackage{enumerate}     \usepackage[toc,page]{appendix}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %Zeichensatz erweiterter Tex Zeichensatz     \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}     \usepackage[english]{babel} %Silbentrennung nach neuer Rechtschreibung     \usepackage{tikz} %schicke Grafiken     \usepackage{natbib} %Zitierhilfe     \usepackage[symbol, perpage]{footmisc} %nette Fußnoten; symbol für Symbole statt Zahlen     \usepackage{setspace} %einfachere Änderung des Zeilenabstandes     \usepackage{hyperref} %Links im PDF Dokument     \usepackage{scrpage2} %Schicke Kopf und Fußzeile     \usepackage{graphics} %Grafiken einbinden     \usepackage{booktabs} %schicke Tabellen     \usepackage{longtable}     \usepackage{picins} %Grafiken von Text umfließen lassen      \usepackage{dirtree} %einfach Baumstrukturen setzen     \usepackage{titling}     \usepackage{lmodern}     %\usepackage{ngerman}     \usepackage{url}     \usepackage{tabulary}     \usepackage{hfoldsty}     \usepackage{xcolor}     \usepackage{soul}          \bibliographystyle{plainnat}          \begin{document}          \citep{Test}          \bibliography{main-tex}          \end{document}      blg-file output:               I couldn't open database file main-tex.bib     ---line 45 of file main-tex.aux      : \bibdata{main-tex      :                  }     I'm skipping whatever remains of this command     I found no database files---while reading file main-tex.aux     Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "Test"     (There were 2 error messages)      * * * Why can't he create the bib file?


title: LaTeX - including .bib file not working properly

text: I am using a simple LaTeX file `main.tex` where am including a bib file and referring to its references, but reference numbers and references are not displayed, instead there is symbol **?**. I want to print references whom I have referred to under the section `Bibliography` and reference number such as `[1]`. How can I make this code work as I want? Am using Windows 8, Texmaker 4.0.4 and MiKTeX 2.9. Here is the code. main.tex               \documentclass[11pt]{article}     \usepackage{cite}     \usepackage[german, english]{babel}          \begin{document}          \title{My Article}     \author{Nobody Jr.}     \date{Today}     \maketitle          Blablabla said Nobody ~\cite{Nobody06}.          \bibliographystyle{plain}      \bibliography{local}          \end{document}      local.bib               @misc{ Nobody06,            author = "Nobody Jr",            title = "My Article",            year = "2006" }


title: Latex bibiography on Fedora 18

text: I'm using texmaker I'm getting a problem, my citations are not being generated in spite of me putting the citations, **here is my LaTeX file:**                \documentclass{article}         \begin{document}         \bibliographystyle{plain}         As well as having written a book on this topic~\cite{Conway2000},          he has also been the subject of articles.         \bibliography{Master}         \end{document}      **here is my Master.bib:**               @Book{Conway2000,     author = {Damian Conway},     title = {Object {O}riented {P}erl: {A} comprehensive guide to concepts and programming techniques},     publisher = {Manning Publications Co.},     year = {2000},     address = {Connecticut, USA}     }      **How the file is being displayed:** ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/vteDL.png) **Log file:**               LOG FILE :     This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.13 (TeX Live 2013/dev)               (format=pdflatex 2013.3.3) 6 MAR 2013 14:44         entering extended mode         restricted \write18 enabled.         %&-line parsing enabled.         **test.tex         (./test.tex         LaTeX2e <2011/06/27>         Babel <v3.8m> and hyphenation patterns for english, dumylang, nohyphenation, po         lish, ukenglish, usenglishmax, basque, bokmal, nynorsk, french, danish, portugu         ese, spanish, dutch, swedish, hungarian, italian, finnish, german, ngerman, swi         ssgerman, ukrainian, russian, assamese, bengali, gujarati, hindi, kannada, mala         yalam, marathi, oriya, panjabi, tamil, telugu, romanian, turkmen, croatian, fri         ulan, estonian, afrikaans, uppersorbian, ethiopic, greek, irish, coptic, indone         sian, farsi, pinyin, latin, galician, bulgarian, icelandic, interlingua, catala         n, welsh, czech, ancientgreek, ibycus, arabic, sanskrit, slovak, latvian, serbi         an, serbianc, kurmanji, mongolian, mongolianlmc, esperanto, german-x-2012-05-30         , ngerman-x-2012-05-30, slovenian, turkish, lithuanian, armenian, romansh, load         ed.         (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls         Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class         (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo         File: size10.clo 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)         )         \c@part=\count79         \c@section=\count80         \c@subsection=\count81         \c@subsubsection=\count82         \c@paragraph=\count83         \c@subparagraph=\count84         \c@figure=\count85         \c@table=\count86         \abovecaptionskip=\skip41         \belowcaptionskip=\skip42         \bibindent=\dimen102         ) (./test.aux)         \openout1 = `test.aux'.         LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 2.         LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 2.         LaTeX Warning: Citation `Conway2000' on page 1 undefined on input line 4.         No file test.bbl.         [1         {/usr/share/texlive/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./test.aux)         LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references.         )         Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:         205 strings out of 493499         2164 string characters out of 3143833         48363 words of memory out of 3000000         3595 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+200000         3948 words of font info for 15 fonts, out of 3000000 for 9000         953 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191         23i,4n,21p,155b,107s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s         </usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx10.pfb></us         r/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb>         Output written on test.pdf (1 page, 24051 bytes).         PDF statistics:         16 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)         10 compressed objects within 1 object stream         0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)         1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)


title: \cite{*} not working, no bibliography

text: I'm using this template style found here: http://www.latextemplates.com/template/masters-doctoral-thesis. I used Bibdesk to create my .bib file.   The citekeys weren't working, I was simply getting [ ?] for every citation, so I replaced them all with hand done references, and am trying to create the bibliography using \cite{*}. However, it's not creating a bibliography and I'm getting no error messages explaining why. This is the excerpt from the main.tex file that references bibliographical stuff. I've been reading through similar problems but haven't found anything that worked for me. Thanks for any help!               \lhead{\emph{Bibliography}} % Change the page header to say "Bibliography"          \bibliographystyle{unsrtnat} % Use the "unsrtnat" BibTeX style for formatting the Bibliography          \bibliography{Bibliography} % The references (bibliography) information are stored in the file named "Bibliography.bib"     \nocite{*} % pulls everything in the bibliography file.


title: Importing a Bib file in IEEE Trans

text: Can I import a my bib file IEEE Trans by simply typing between the `\begin{thebibliography}` and `\end{thebibliography}` tags `\input{./Master.bib}` or am I forced to use this style as suggested in IEEE Trans template here?               \begin{thebibliography}{1}          \bibitem{IEEEhowto:kopka}     H.~Kopka and P.~W. Daly, \emph{A Guide to \LaTeX}, 3rd~ed.\hskip 1em plus       0.5em minus 0.4em\relax Harlow, England: Addison-Wesley, 1999.          \end{thebibliography}


title: Bibliography not working

text: I have a bibliography file called `sources_robot.bib` containing an entry with cite key `Dwengoboard`. When I want to cite it in a Latex file, this does not work. Can somebody suggest where the problem might be? MWE:               \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}          \usepackage[nottoc]{tocbibind}     \usepackage{natbib}          \begin{document}          \tableofcontents          \section{Test}     Test \cite{Dwengoboard}          \bibliographystyle{abbrvurl}     \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}\bibliography{sources_robot}          \end{document}      Outcome: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/QG7lc.png)


title: Latex references and bibliography not working

text: I need to deliver a report using Latex. Since the beginning I have had a lot of difficulties with it, that thankfully were resolved when I started using the Texmaker tool. Unfortunately the references still do not work and I have already wasted too many hours trying to figure it out. I have a file where I define all my references which is called refbase.bib . As an example, this is one of my entries in it:                @Article{belkin:1990,      title                    = {The cognitive viewpoint in information science},      author                   = {Nicholas J. Belkin},      journal                  = JIS,      year                     = {1990},      pages                    = {11--15},      volume                   = {16}     }      For me to call these references to my the reference section of my report, I have the file references.tex and have just the following command:               \bibliography{./refbase}      My sources told me that this should call the bibliography list and make my reference page, however nothing is happening. The file is completely ignored. Also, whenever I call a citation during the report, I will get this in it's place "(??)". The way I make the citation is as follows (also according to what the source websites tell me to do:               bla blabla blabla bla \cite{belkin:1990}.      Anyone have a clue as to what is going on and how to fix it? Thank you very much.


title: Using bibtex to reference dissertation

text: I'm currently trying to reference my dissertation. I have created a file called reference.bib and have used the tools in bibtex to create a list of sources that I have used. I have tried to integrate these references into my work (written in texmaker) but the reference is coming up like this (??) and when I put this command, \bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{reference} \end{document} nothing is showing up? Can anyone explain what I'm doing wrong - this is the first time I've used tex? Thank you


title: Latex, can't compile .bib file -- "Emergency stop"

text: I can't compile even a very short .bib file:               @article{Adams1994,        author = {Adams, R. and Bischof, L.},        title = {Seeded Region Growing},        journal = {Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},        volume = {16},        number = {6},        pages = {641-647},        note = {Nr972     Times Cited:827     Cited References Count:16},        abstract = {We present here a new algorithm for segmentation of intensity images which is robust, rapid, and free of tuning parameters. The method, however, requires the input of a number of seeds, either individual pixels or regions, which will control the formation of regions into which the image will be segmented.  In this correspondence, we present the algorithm, discuss briefly its properties, and suggest two ways in which it can be employed, namely, by using manual seed selection or by automated procedures.},        keywords = {image segmentation     region growing     semiinteractive image processing     watershed     segmentation     algorithm},        ISSN = {0162-8828},        DOI = {Doi 10.1109/34.295913},        url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1994NR97200008},        year = {1994},        type = {Journal Article}     }      Here is the relevant error log:               This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.4-1.40.13 (MiKTeX 2.9) (preloaded format=pdftex 2014.1.9)  7 APR 2014 12:05     entering extended mode     **C:/Users/XX/Desktop/Thesis_April/biblio.bib     (C:/Users/XX/Desktop/Thesis_April/biblio.bib)     *     ! Emergency stop.     <*> ...ers/XX/Desktop/Thesis_April/biblio.bib          End of file on the terminal!          !  ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!      No idea what the problem is :s. I'm using MikTeX for compilation.


title: Can't set bibliography in a llncs tex document

text: My .tex file is as follows:               \documentclass{llncs}          \begin{document}          %TITLE     \title{TITLE}     \author{AUTHORS}     \institute{INSTITUTE}     \maketitle          %ABSTRACT     \begin{abstract}     Abstract here     \end{abstract}          %SECTION 1     \section{Introduction}          %SECTION 2     \section{Related Work}          Citation test \cite{Otto2012}          %     % ---- Bibliography ----     %     %\begin{thebibliography}{}     \bibliographystyle{splncs}     \bibliography{test}     %\end{thebibliography}     \end{document}      Also my .bib file is the following:               @article{Otto2012,       author =   {M.~Otto},       title =    {Highly acyclic groups, hypergraph covers and the guarded fragment},       journal =      {Journal of the ACM},       year =     {2012},       volume =       {59}     }      Unfortunately I don't see the citation or the reference in my pdf document after I compile the tex file. What I am doing wrong? Note that my .bib file is under the same directory as my .tex file.


title: My Bibliography is Empty!! Latex

text: I don't know why it only displays the first 2 options in the references part!! Please help I have included the .bib file in the main file. I tried to use the .bbl file, but it is very time wasting and it also didn't work! it gave me [?] in the pdf file instead of numbering the references after they already appear. HELP the .bib file:               @misc{citeKey1,       title={{http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/webgl/shaders/}},       author={html5rocks},       year={2011},       publisher={Paul Lewis}     }     @misc{citeKey2,     title={{http://www.w3schools.com/default.asp}},     author={w3schools}     }          @misc{citeKey3,     title={{http://www.softwareandfinance.com/CSharp/Draw_Circle_Pixel.html}},     author={Kathir Software}     }          @misc{citeKey4,     title={{http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21248056/how-to-create-a-treemap-webgl/21274180?noredirect=1#21274180}},     author={stackoverflow},     year={2013},     publisher={gman}     }          @misc{citeKey5,     title={{http://wikipedia.org}},     author={Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia}     }     @misc{citeKey6,     Author = {Elias, Rimon},     Institution = {German University in Cairo},     Howpublished = {University Lecture},     Year = {2010},     Title = {Visualization and Animation DMET702}     }      and the main.tex file:               % add more chapters here     \include{Implementation}     \include{conclusion}     \include{future_work}     \include{appendix}               \bibliography{bachelor}     \bibliographystyle{plain}     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{References}


title: Problem using biblatex bibliography

text: I'm trying to write an essay for university using LaTeX and BibLaTeX but it's my first time using it so I think I may have messed up somewhere as I can't find any real beginner's guide!               \documentclass[12pt,twocolumn]{article}     \usepackage{times}     \usepackage{filecontents}     \usepackage[style=authoryear]{biblatex}          \begin{filecontents}{refs.bib}     @ONLINE         {arstechnica,         AUTHOR = "Jon Brodkin",         TITLE = "{Yahoo IP lawsuit: We patented “Facebook’s entire social network model}”,         URL = "http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2012/03/yahoo-patent-lawsuit-we-invented-facebooks-entire-social-network-model/",         URLYEAR = 2012     }     \end{filecontents}          \addbibresource{refs.bib}          \begin{document}          \title{Title}          \author{Author}     \date{\today}     \maketitle          \cite{arstechnica}          *(text...)*          \printbibliography     \end{document}      The output for the text looks correct but trying the references looks like [ **arstechnia** ] and the errors are:               Package biblatex Error: File 'positionpaper.bbl' not created by biblatex \begin{document}     Citation 'arstechnica' on page 1 undefined     Empty bibliography     There were undefined references.     Please (re)run Biber on the file:(biblatex) positionpaper(biblatex) and rerun LaTeX afterwards.      Any help would be appreciated!


title: Referring with natbib and seeing only question marks

text: I tried to get references in my document by using the natbib-package. When it didn't gave the result I wanted, I copied a text from an online introduction on the natbib-package, but even that one did not work: I only get question marks in the pdf and no bibliography. What I typed (read: copied) into the .tex file:               \documentclass[12pt]{article}     \usepackage{natbib}     \begin{document}          \section{Description of the Work}     This document illustrates the use of BibTeX\@.  You may want to refer to     \cite{ahu61} or \cite{ab94} or \cite{m85}.  Or you may want to cite a     specific page in a reference, like this: see \citet[p.~199]{m85}.  Or     perhaps you want to cite more than one paper by Maskin: \cite{m85, m99}.     Or you want to make a parenthetical reference to one or more articles, in     which case the \verb+\citealt+ in the \texttt{te.bst} bibliography style     omits the parentheses around the year (\citealt{ahu61}).          \bibliographystyle{te}          \bibliography{research}     \end{document}      What I copied in the research.bib file               @article{ahu61,        author={Arrow, Kenneth J. and Leonid Hurwicz and Hirofumi Uzawa},        title={Constraint qualifications in maximization problems},        journal={Naval Research Logistics Quarterly},        volume={8},        year = 1961,        pages = {175-191}      }          @book{ab94,        author = {Charalambos D. Aliprantis and Kim C. Border},        year = {1994},        title = {Infinite Dimensional Analysis},        publisher = {Springer},        address = {Berlin}      }          @incollection{m85,        author={Maskin, Eric S.},        year={1985},        title={The theory of implementation in {N}ash equilibrium: a survey},        booktitle={Social Goals and Social Organization},        editor={Leonid Hurwicz and David Schmeidler and Hugo Sonnenschein},        pages={173-204},        publisher={Cambridge University Press},        address={Cambridge}      }      What am I doing wrong? I tried everything, including typesetting both files in every possible order. And yes, I have read this question more often, and the answer always is: 'run BibTeX and pdfLaTeX some times'. I have done exactly that several times, without any improvements.


title: Read references from a .bib file in IEEEtran

text: I am new to Latex. I am trying to put the **references as well as cite them**. I am doing the following: **1.** Created a `refer.bib` file with following content               @String{j = {Journal}}     @String{jof = {Journal of}}     @String{procof = {Proceedings of}}          @misc{erec04,       author = {European Renewable Energy Council},       title = {{Renewable Energy Scenario to 2040}},       howpublished = "\url{http://www.erec.org/fileadmin/erec_docs/Documents/Publications/2040Exec_Sum.pdf}",       year = {2004},       note = "[Online; accessed 07-Mar-2013]"     }      **2.** Then i used the following lines in my `main.tex`               \usepackage{cite}     \bibliography{refer}      **3.** Then i tried to cite as following:               During smooth pursuit\cite{erec04}      But in the pdf version i just saw the following               During smooth pursuit[?]      Please suggest me how to do it properly?


title: generate reference

text: I am new in LaTeX. I need to put my reference in my document. I put this at the end of my document before end document: \bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{References} and i save another file of my reference list starting like this:               @Article{•,     author = {•},     title = {•},     journal = {•},     year = {•},     OPTkey = {•},     OPTvolume = {•},     OPTnumber = {•},     OPTpages = {•},     OPTmonth = {•},     OPTnote = {•},     OPTannote = {•}     }      then i am not sure what to do. i try to run its ok..no error but nothing happen and i got warning : citation undefined and there were undefined reference. What should I do? Thank you


title: question mark replaces citations in pdf

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Question mark instead of citation number how to replace [?] with the actual numerical citation. I'm trying to create a bilbiography in Winshell from a database (.bib file). Within the bib file, I click on pdflatex, then bibtek, then pdflatex twice, and then pdf. My pdf shows [?] for numerical citations and no complete bibliography. Please help!


title: Problem with bibliography entries (bibentry, \nobibliography) in TeXstudio

text: I have a problem with getting bibliographies in the text using `bibentry` package. I followed a suggestion in the comments here, but it didn't work either. In the Options->Config->Completion the `natbib.cwl` is checked. So what's happening essentially is I get black space instead of bibliography in the text. In the document preamble I have               \usepackage{bibentry}     \nobibliography{source.bib}       So the first problem is that `\nobibliography{source.bib}` is marked red as unrecognized command. In the text of course I use `\bibentry{relevant entry}`, which is also marked as unrecognized command. So any suggestions are very welcome. EDIT: I used the code snippet from here:               \documentclass{article}          % This is the sample bib file     \begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}     @book{Saussure1995,         Author = {Ferdinand de Saussure},         Origyear = {1916},         Publisher = {Payot},         Title = {Cours de Linguistique G{\'e}n{\'e}rale},         Year = {1995}}          \end{filecontents}               \usepackage{natbib,bibentry}     \bibliographystyle{apalike}     \begin{document}     \nobibliography{\jobname}     This is a complete citation in the middle of the text:           \bibentry{Saussure1995}          \end{document}      And get a blank page, no errors reported. If I use biblatex instead (from the same answer), I just get the reference number, in this case `Saussure1995`.


title: Bibliography, Reference section

text: writing my research proposal, have trouble to define the reference section at the end of the my latex file, I export `.bib` file from JabRef, and the Latex upload the `.bib` file well, but when I run the Latex I don't see the Reference section at the end, however I haven't cited any reference in the passage. I have run the Latex several times haven'y seen the ref section yet. When I cite a ref in the passage, in the output pdf file it gives me the question mark. This is how I call the `*.bib` file               \bibliographystyle{plain}     \bibliography{Research Proposal}


title: Bibdesk citing [?] instead of a proper citation

text: new to LaTeX and BibDesk. Hoping to somehow figure out how to get it to work! I've entered all the required information into a bib file called Chapterbib.bib and saved it in the same folder as my file. In order to cite a source in my document, I copy the citation key into my document where I'd like to cite a source - however, rather than putting a citation in I simply get [?] after my sentence. I'm not sure what sort of packages or commands I should be using so any advice as to how to get moving from here would be much appreciated. Thank you for your help!


title: Bibtex started showing only [?]

text: my bibtex stopped showing refrences. It shows now only '[?]'. The story is like this. I use pdfLatex within the TexWorks. It worked all right. But after i added extra couple of new refs in the bib file, it did not want to show them in the text and showwed only [?]. ted the .AUX files. And it stopped showing ALL refs...just [?]'s. What can i do about it?


title: Create bibliography in latex

text: I want to create this bibliography in latex, but it doest not work and I just get ?. How can I solve this problem?                     \begin{filecontents*}{bibtest.bib}             @book{goossens93,             author = "Michel Goossens and Frank Mittlebach and Alexander Samarin",             title = "The Latex Companion",             year = "1993",             publisher = "Addison-Wesley",             address = "Reading, Massachusetts"           }           \end{filecontents*}        %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%        \documentclass{article}        \usepackage{natbib}             \begin{document}             \cite{goossens93}             \bibliographystyle{chicago}        \bibliography{bibtest}             \end{document}


title: Biblatex problem, the list doesn't appear

text: I'm trying to customize my bibliography list, I have a problem. I'm using Biber, because it´s mandatory for `\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate`. The .bib file name is the same as in the code. I have TexLive which includes Biblatex. This is the error: > LaTeX Warning: Citation 'averroes/hannes' on page 1 undefined on input line > 26. > > LaTeX Warning: Citation 'averroes/hannes' on page 1 undefined on input line > 28. > > (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/se-ascii-print.def) > [1] > > LaTeX Warning: Empty bibliography on input line 31. > > (/Users/Isai/Documents/Info/Documentos/Estudios > estacionamientos/LaTex/.texpadtmp/Example.aux) > > LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. > > Package biblatex Warning: Please (re)run Biber on the file: (biblatex) > Example (biblatex) and rerun LaTeX afterwards.               \documentclass[a4paper]{article}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[american]{babel}     \usepackage{csquotes}     \usepackage[backend=biber,style=alphabetic,backend=biber]{biblatex}     \usepackage{hyperref}     \addbibresource{Untitled.bib}          \DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{       \labelelement{         \field[final]{shorthand}         \field{label}         \field[strwidth=3,strside=left,ifnames=1]{labelname}         \field[strwidth=1,strside=left]{labelname}       }       \labelelement{         \field[strwidth=2,strside=right]{year}       }     }          \begin{document}     Filler text \parencite{averroes/hannes}          It's weird to text like this: \cite{averroes/hannes}          \newpage     \printbibliography     \end{document}


title: Issues with bibliography -- No special characters

text: I'm having issues with my bibliography file. I have the following:               \documentclass[final,inline]{ieee}     \usepackage[english]{babel}          \begin{document}            \cite{ref11}, \cite{ref12}              \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}       \bibliography{bloob}     \end{document}      And I've saved `bloob.bib` in the same directory:               @inproceedings{       ref11,       author = "Eun-Kyu Lee and Sungwon Yang and Oh, S.Y.\ and Gerla, M.",       Title = "RF-GPS: RFID Assisted Localization in VANETs",       booktitle ="IEEE 6th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems MASS",       pages = "621-626",       year = "2009"     }          @article{       ref12,       author = "Eun-Kyu Lee and Soon Y.\ Oh and Mario Gerla",       title = "RFID Assisted Vehicle Positioning in VANETs",       journal = "Journal of Pervasive and Mobile Computing",       volume = "8",       year = "2012",       pages = "167-179"     }      There are two warnings saying `ref11` and `ref12` don't exist. I've tried multiple runs as well.


title: Error in citation gives "?" sign instead of displaying the number in square bracket such as [3 ] etc

text: I am getting "?" sing during citation in latex file after converging in pdf. what is the cause? pls suggest me the cause of error at my email address buddhisapkota@yahoo.com


title: Citation undefined

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Question mark instead of citation number               % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Plantilla de un artículo para publicar en la Revista Colombiana de Estadística     % *************************************************************************************     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Establecer primero el idioma principal del artículo, por defecto es español; para     % utilizar otro idioma, cambiar el comando "\documentclass{revcoles}" por el comando     % "\documentclass[english]{revcoles}" o por "\documentclass[portuguese]{revcoles}"     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------          \documentclass{revcoles}     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio reservado para la carga de los paquetes por parte del autor     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                    % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio reservado para colocar las definiciones especiales por parte del autor     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                         % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio utilizado para colocar las palabras que necesitan partición silábica     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \hyphenation{Colombia  mul-ti-va-ria-do pro-ba-bi-li-dad es-ta-dís-ti-ca}     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \begin{document}     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio reservado para ingresar el título del artículo     % "maintitle = " título original del artículo     % "secondtitle = " título del artículo traducido al idioma alterno     % "shorttitle = " título corto (opcional) para el encabezado     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \title[maintitle = Revista  Colombiana de Estadística. Guía para autores,            secondtitle = Revista Colombiana de Estadística. Guidelines for Authors,            shorttitle = Guía para autores     ]     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio reservado para ingresar el(los) autor(es) del artículo de forma individual.     % opción "firstname = " nombres completos de cada autor     % opción "surname = " primer apellido de cada autor     % opción "numberinstitution = " número que identifica la institución a la que pertenece     %         el autor, en caso de haber solo una institución el campo puede ser eliminado     % opción "affiliation = " afiliación o cargo que desempeña el autor en la institución     % opción "email = " dirección electrónica del autor (preferiblemente institucional)     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \begin{authors}     \author[firstname = Piedad,             surname = Urdinola Contreras,             numberinstitution = 1,             affiliation = Editora Revista Colombiana de Estadística,             email = bpurdinolac@bt.unal.edu.co]     \author[firstname = Campo Elías,             surname = Pardo,             numberinstitution = 1,             affiliation = Profesor asociado,             email = cepardot@unal.edu.co]     \author[firstname = Edwin Camilo,             surname = Cubides,             numberinstitution = 2,             affiliation = Profesor ocasional,             email = eccubidesg@unal.edu.co]     \end{authors}     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio reservado para ingresar la información de la(s) institución(es) a la(s)     % cual(es) pertenece(n) el(los) autor(es)     % Usar un comando "\institute"  por cada una de las diferentes instituciones.     % Los campos "subdivision" y "division" son opcionales     % Los campos "institution", "city" y "country" son obligatorios     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \begin{institutions}          \institute[subdivision = Departamento de Estadística,                     division = Facultad de Ciencias,                     institution = Universidad Nacional de Colombia,                     city = Bogotá,                     country = Colombia]          \institute[subdivision = Departamento de Matemáticas,                     division = Facultad de Ciencias,                     institution = Universidad Nacional de Colombia,                     city = Bogotá,                     country = Colombia]     \end{institutions}     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % CUERPO DEL DOCUMENTO     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio reservado para colocar el resumen en el idioma principal y las palabras clave     % !!No dejar salto de línea entre el resumen y el comando \keywords{.}¡¡     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \begin{mainabstract}     Se dan las instrucciones de presentación de los artículos para la Revista Colombiana de Estadística, utilizando \LaTeX.     Este texto está escrito en el formato de un artículo (\emph{Guidelines for authors RevColEs.tex}) y puede utilizarse     como plantilla, reemplazando este contenido por el del artículo. Se requieren los archivos \emph{revcoles.cls},     \emph{references.bib} y \emph{graph\_example.eps}.%     %     \keywords{Formato en \LaTeX\ para documentos, Revista Colombiana de Estadística}     \end{mainabstract}     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio reservado para colocar el resumen en el idioma secundario y las palabras clave     % !!No dejar salto de línea entre el resumen y el comando \keywords{.}¡¡     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \begin{secondaryabstract}     This document gives the instructions to prepare a \LaTeX\ version of the papers to be presented in the Revista     Colombiana de Estadística. The document is written using a \LaTeX\ format (file \emph{Guidelines for authors     RevColEs.tex}) and can be used as a template just replacing its contents by the terms of the paper to be presented. It     is necessary to use also the files \emph{revcoles.cls}, \emph{references.bib} and \emph{graph\_example.eps}.%     %     \keywords{\LaTeX\ format for documents, Revista Colombiana de Estadística}     \end{secondaryabstract}     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Título de la primera sección     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \section{Introducción}     Este documento es una guía para escribir los artículos que van a ser sometidos a la Revista Colombiana de Estadística.     El autor puede renombrar este archivo (\emph{Guidelines for authors RevColEs.tex}) y reemplazar su contenido por el del artículo.          \section{Formato del texto}\label{ejem}     El formato del texto queda determinado al utilizar \emph{revcoles} como clase de documento     (\verb"\documentclass{revcoles}"). En el directorio de trabajo deben estar los archivos: \emph{revcoles.cls}, el cual     no se debe modificar; y \emph{references.bib}, en el cual el autor debe introducir los datos de las referencias en     formato \BibTeX.          \subsection{Artículos en inglés o portugués}     Para artículos en inglés (portugués) basta incluir la opción     \emph{english} (\emph{portuguese}) en \verb"\documentclass":          \verb"\documentclass[english]{revcoles}" o          \verb"\documentclass[portuguese]{revcoles}".          Se debe tener en cuenta que el título es el del idioma del artículo     (inglés o portugués) y el título traducido es en español.          El \verb"\mainabstract" es en inglés (portugués) y el     \verb"\secondaryabstract" es en español.          \subsection{Autores}          Los nombres de los autores deben ir completos y acompañados del primer apellido solamente. Los comentarios en el fuente     de esta plantilla (\emph{Guidelines for authors RevColEs.tex}) ayudan escribir correctamente los datos de los autores.          \subsection{Pertenencia institucional}     Cuando los autores pertenecen a la misma institución y dependencia,     el nombre de esta se coloca una sola vez.          Si los autores pertenecen a instituciones diferentes o a la misma institución pero a dependencias     diferentes, cada una de estas se debe especificar individualmente.          El comando \verb"\institute" permite especificar cada institución y debe estar anidada dentro del entorno     \verb"institutions".          Los comentarios en el fuente de esta plantilla (\emph{Guidelines for authors\linebreak RevColEs.tex}) ayudan a entender     estos aspectos.          \subsection{Resumen y Abstract}          El resumen debe incluir, de manera sintetizada, los objetivos, la     metodología y las conclusiones, no incluir figuras o tablas y no     debe exceder los $1500$ caracteres.          \section{Secciones}     La numeración de las secciones debe hacerse con números arábigos, el     título \textbf{Referencias} debe ir alineado a la izquierda, en     negrilla y sin numeración (\emph{estilo predeterminado de esta     plantilla}).               \section{Tablas, gráficas y ecuaciones}          \subsection{Tablas} Si la tabla contiene datos numéricos debe     tenerse en cuenta (ver tabla \ref{tabla1}):     \begin{itemize}     \item Los números van centrados siempre y cuando tengan la misma     cantidad de dígitos, de lo contrario deben ir alineados con el     margen derecho del título. \item Cuando las tablas tienen datos     con cifras decimales, el número de éstas debe ser igual dentro de     la misma columna, pudiendo variar de columna a columna.     \end{itemize}     %     \begin{table}[!h]     \caption{\small{Valores estimados para la estructura factorial     $2\times 6$, con $m=10$ datos faltantes.}}\label{tabla1}     \centering {\small     \begin{tabular}{ccrc}\hline     $y_2$   &     $\hat{y}_2$ &     \multicolumn{1}{c}{$e_2$}   &     $\hat{y}_2^*$\\ \hline     52.1    & 54.2  &  $-2.76$      & 51.4  \\     52.1    & 54.2  &  $ 1.10$      & 53.1  \\     52.3    & 52.4  &  $-0.71$      & 51.7  \\     59.9    & 59.3  &  $ 0.44$      & 59.7  \\     59.9    & 59.3  &  $ 0.80$      & 60.1  \\     51.7    & 54.0  &  $-1.33$      & 52.7  \\     63.9    & 61.3  &  $ 0.27$      & 61.6  \\     63.9    & 61.3  &  $ 1.31$      & 62.6  \\     67.2    & 66.4  &  $-0.44$      & 66.0  \\     64.8    & 61.0  &  $ 2.12$      & 63.1  \\ \hline     \end{tabular}}     \end{table}          Cuando es una tabla con datos alfanuméricos, estos deben ir     centrados (ver tabla \ref{tabla2}).          \begin{table}[!htb]     \centering\small \caption{Análisis de varianza basado en las sumas     de cuadrados tipo III.}\label{tabla2}     \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}     \begin{tabular}{ccccc}\hline     \parbox[c][0.9\height]{18mm}{\centering\smallskip Causa de\\Variación\smallskip} &%     \parbox[c][0.9\height]{25mm}{\centering\smallskip Grados de\\Libertad\smallskip} &%     \parbox[c][0.9\height]{16mm}{\centering\smallskip Suma de\\Cuadrados\smallskip} &%     \parbox[c][0.9\height]{15mm}{\centering\smallskip Cuadrado\\Medio\smallskip}& Estadístico F\\\hline     Modelo & $p+r-2$&$SCM^*$&$CMM^*$&$FG^*=\frac{CMM^*}{CME}$\\ %\hline     E. Fijos & $p-1$&$SCMF^*$&$CMMF^*$&$FF=\frac{CMMF^*}{CME}$\\ \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{table}               \subsection{Gráficas} Deben estar en formato postscript encapsulado     (eps), a tinta negra y deben grabarse en el mismo directorio en el cual esté el     archivo \LaTeX. %          El título debe ir en la parte inferior y centrado, los dígitos de     la escala del eje vertical deben estar horizontales y el texto de     las etiquetas debe estar en el idioma del artículo, tal como se     indica en la figura \ref{figura1}, que presenta la serie de     inflación para el período comprendido entre enero de 1998 y     diciembre de 2005 \cite{Santana}.          \begin{figure}[htb]       \centering       \includegraphics[scale=0.55]{graph_example.eps}       \caption{Serie de inflación: enero/98-diciembre/05.}\label{figura1}     \end{figure}               \subsection{Ecuaciones} Van como se muestra en \eqref{equ1}, sin puntuación al final:          \begin{equation}\label{equ1}         y=W\mu+Z\theta+e     \end{equation}          Las matrices deben ir entre corchetes cuadrados como se observa en     \eqref{equ2}:          \begin{equation}\label{equ2}     \begin{bmatrix}     W'R^{-1}W&W'R^{-1}Z\\     Z'R^{-1}W&Z'R^{-1}Z+D^{-1}     \end{bmatrix}     \begin{bmatrix}     \mu \\ \theta     \end{bmatrix}=     \begin{bmatrix}     W'R^{-1}y\\     Z'R^{-1}y     \end{bmatrix}     \end{equation}               \section{Citas bibliográficas} Para las \textbf{Referencias} se     utiliza el paquete     Harvard\footnote{http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/harvard/harvard.ps},     formato autor-año. Estas deben realizarse con el programa \BibTeX\     el cual requiere que las referencias sean grabadas en un archivo     de extensión \emph{.bib} \cite[pp. 205--215]{Castro-03}.          En la sección referencias solamente deben aparecer las citadas en el     texto. Las citas dentro del texto se introducen mediante el comando:     \verb"\cite{clave}".          Por ejemplo: \cite{Caballero-86}, \cite{Dodge-85},     \cite{Conover-81}, \cite{Searle-92}.          Para agregar algún texto que preceda la etiqueta dentro de la citación se debe     utilizar el comando: \verb"\citeaffixed{clave}{texto}".          Por ejemplo: para incluir ecuaciones numeradas en \LaTeX\ se utiliza el entorno     \verb"\begin{equation} ... \end{equation}" \citeaffixed[p. 86]{Castro-03}{\emph{véase}}\dots               Si el nombre del autor forma parte del texto, el comando que se debe utilizar     es: \verb"\citeasnoun{clave}". Por ejemplo:          \begin{itemize}          \item Según el trabajo de \citeasnoun{Borges-05}\dots          \item Los modelos propuestos por \citeasnoun{Dodge-85}\dots          \item Tal como lo indica \citeasnoun{Conover-81} en su trabajo de \dots          \item El algoritmo se programo utilizando \citeasnoun{R} \dots          \end{itemize}          \section{Conversión a PDF}     Para conservar el formato de la página, la conversión de \emph{dvi}     a \emph{pdf} se debe hacer de la siguiente manera:     \begin{itemize}     \item Convertir \emph{dvi} $\rightsquigarrow$ \emph{ps}.     \item Convertir \emph{ps}  $\rightsquigarrow$ \emph{pdf}.     \end{itemize}          En los procesos de conversión puede suceder que algunas gráficas     tapen texto. Se debe observar el \emph{pdf} para verificar que eso     no ha sucedido. Si hay texto oculto se debe editar la gráfica,     recortando el marco que realmente contiene la imagen y no espacio vacio.          %% //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Fin del cuerpo del documento     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio para colocar el nombre del archivo *.bib (sin la extensión .bib) que contiene     % las referencias bibliográficas del artículo utilizando el estilo bibliográfico BibTeX     % "\bibliography{.}"     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------         \bibliography{references}     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % //// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------         \appendix% !no modificar esta línea¡     % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Espacio para ubicar los apéndices: tablas y gráficas     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                    % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     % Fin del artículo     % **** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------     \end{document}      refrences.bib:               @ARTICLE{Borges-05,       AUTHOR =       {Borges, R.},       TITLE =        {{Análisis de supervivencia de pacientes con diálisis peritoneal}},       JOURNAL =      {Revista Colombiana de Estadistica},       YEAR =         {2005},       volume =       {28},       number =       {2},       pages =        {243-259},     }          @ARTICLE{Borges-06,       AUTHOR =       {Brown, M. and Forsythe},       TITLE =        {{Robust Test for the Equality of Variantes}},       JOURNAL =      {Journal of the American Statistical Association},       YEAR =         {1974},       volume =       {69},       number =       {346},       pages =        {364-367},     }          @MASTERSTHESIS{Caballero-86,       AUTHOR =       {Caballero, S. G.},       TITLE =        {Un estimador del parámetro g de la distribución g de Tukey},       SCHOOL =       {{Universidad Nacional de Colombia}},       YEAR =         {1986},       type =         {{Tesis de Maestría}},       address =      {{Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Estadística, Bogotá}},     }          @BOOK{Castro-03,       AUTHOR =       {De Castro, Rodrigo},       TITLE =        {El universo \LaTeX},       PUBLISHER =    {Unibiblos},       YEAR =         {2003},       edition =      {segunda},       ADDRESS =      {Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá}     }          @ARTICLE{Conover-81,       AUTHOR =       {Conover, W. and Johnson, M. E. and Johnson, M.},       TITLE =        {{A Comparative Study of Tests for Homogeneity of Variances, With Applications to the Outer Continental Shelf Bidding Data}},       JOURNAL =      {Technometrics},       YEAR =         {1981},       volume =       {23},       pages =        {351-361},     }          @BOOK{DAPD97,       AUTHOR =       {DAPD},       TITLE =        {Población estratificación y aspectos socioeconómicos de Santa Fe de Bogotá},       PUBLISHER =    {Departamento Administrativo de Planeación Distrital},       YEAR =         {1997},       address =      {Bogotá},     }          @BOOK{Dodge-85,       AUTHOR =       {Dodge, Y.},       TITLE =        {{A}nalysis of {E}xperiments with {M}issing {D}ata},       PUBLISHER =    {John Wiley \& Sons},       YEAR =         {1985},       address =      {{New York}},     }               @BOOK{Milliken-84,       AUTHOR =       {Milliken, G.A. and Johnson, D.E. },       TITLE =        {{Analysis of Messy Data}},       PUBLISHER =    {Van Nostrand Reinhold},       YEAR =         {1984},       volume =       {I},       series =       {of Designed Experiments},       address =      {New York},     }          @BOOK{Searle-92,       AUTHOR =       {Searle, S. R. and Casella, G. and McCulloch, C.},       TITLE =        {{Variance Components}},       PUBLISHER =    {John Wiley \& Sons},       YEAR =         {1992},       address =      {New York},     }          @Manual{R,         title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},         author = {{R Development Core Team}},         organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},         address = {Vienna, Austria},         year = {2007},         note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},         url = {http://www.R-project.org},     }          @ARTICLE{Santana,       AUTHOR =       {Santana, Juan Camilo},       TITLE =        {Predicción de series temporales con redes neuronales: una aplicación a la inflación colombiana},       JOURNAL =      {Revista Colombiana de Estadistica},       YEAR =         {2006},       volume =       {29},       number =       {1},       pages =        {77-92},     }      I have already Done               latex     bibtex     latex      and It Did not work               error: Citation Santana Undefined     ....,     ....           Citation R Undefined       they use ISO-8859-1


title: in Latex how to deal with @manual entry style (jabref)

text: I've a problem so far unresolved and I have not found so much to help me in the different forums I've been looking to. Luckily somebody will have an answer :) I have R software in my library .bib that I built under jabref and I want to cite the software in an article I'm writing with latex. my reference entry in jabref is:               @MANUAL{R2012,      title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Version         2.15.1},      author = {{R Development Core Team}},       year = {2012},      organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},      address = {Vienna, Austria},      note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},      url = {http://www.R-project.org}      }      when I try to cite R in my .tex file using `\citep*{R2012}` (to get full author name) or just `\citep{R2012}` nothing happens. Does anyone know which mistake I can have done? Thanks in advance!


title: Changing bibliography style does not change output

text: I'm trying to change my bibliographystyle from plain to abbrv, but adding               \bibliographystyle{abbrv}      does not change the output after recompiling. Any ideas where I could be making a mistake?


title: Natbib executed and no reference

text: I'm using Texmaker and I've followed several websites saying about running latex then bibtex, then latex twice more but I get several errors trying latex and therefore use just pdflatex. When I run this I get the following error:               Package natbib Warning: Citation 'hayes:1995' on page 4 undefined on input line 144.     Package natbib Warning: There were undefined citations.      I have defined \bibliographystyle{plainnat} and \bibliography{References} in my tex file and also used \citep{hayes:1995}. The following is the section in the 'Reference.bib' file.               % References     @Book{hayes:1995,       author    = "Hayes, Bruce",       title     = "Metrical stress theory: principles and case studies",       publisher = Chicago,       year      = 1995,        address   = Chicago:adr     }      I however do this I only my text with to the power of a question mark symbol. Help?! It just doesn't appear to work in any way I execute the files (I'm working on Windows 7 OS currently as well). Thank you in advance for anyone's help!


title: bibtex Confusion?

text: I have the following:               @Book{Faber,     ALTauthor = {•},     ALTeditor = {•},     title = {Fluid Dynamics for Physicists},     publisher = {Cambridge University Press},     year = {1995},     OPTkey = {•},     OPTvolume = {•},     OPTnumber = {•},     OPTseries = {•},     OPTaddress = {•},     OPTedition = {1},     OPTmonth = {•},     OPTnote = {•},     OPTannote = {•}     }          @Book{Goff,       ALTauthor = {•},       ALTeditor = {•},       title = {Gold Medal Physics: The Science of Sport},       publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},       year = {2010},       OPTkey = {•},       OPTvolume = {•},       OPTnumber = {•},       OPTseries = {•},       OPTaddress = {•},       OPTedition = {•},       OPTmonth = {•},       OPTnote = {•},       OPTannote = {•}       }      This is all saved as mybib.bib. Then I use                 \bibliography{mybib.bib}       \bibliographystyle{plain}      Then there is no bibliography :(


title: References displayed as"?"

text: I am creating a IEEE paper, but all my references are displayed as [?]. Why is that? What can I do to get the references properly typeset? Here is my code:               \documentclass[twocolumn,twoside]{IEEEtran}     \usepackage{cite}     \begin{document}     \title{DDD}     \author{AAA}     \maketitle     \begin{abstract}      hhh     \end{abstract}     \section{Introduction}      hghg \cite{vvv}     \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}     \bibliography{myreference}     \end{document}      and here is my `.bib` file:               @article{vvv,       author  = {xxx},       title   = {cryptography},       journal = {dddd},       year    = {2012},       volume  = {CS},       number  = {04},       pages   = {161}     },


title: How to do citing

text: Thank you @Johannes_B, @Joseph Wright, @Alexis Pigeon   The problem is solved. To make my question easier to be understood, I provide steps and files here to reproduce my error.   1. Download template file from http://www.latextemplates.com/templates/theses/1/thesis_1.zip   2. Adding `\cite{Reference1}` in Chapter1.tex on line 12   3. Compile the main.tex file   4. The result is a [?] on page 14 in the output pdf So my question is how to do citing?


title: I can't find References section in my LaTeXed pdf file

text: First, I exported my references list from EndNote X7 using 'BibTeX Export' and saved the text file as 'first_paper.bib'. Then I included the following code into my TeX file.               \newpage     % BibTeX users please use one of     %\bibliographystyle{spbasic}      % basic style, author-year citations     \bibliographystyle{spmpsci}      % mathematics and physical sciences     %\bibliographystyle{spphys}       % APS-like style for physics     \bibliography{first_paper}   % name your BibTeX data base      This code is included in the template TeX file provided by the journal and I only edited the database name to 'first_paper'. This 'first_paper.bib' file is located at the same folder as the TeX file. I complied this code twice but I can't find References section in the final PDF file. What's wrong with this?


title: Package Listings Warning: Text dropped after begin of listing when calling function

text: I'm trying to this:               \newcommand{\code}[1] {\begin{lstlisting} {#1} \end{lstlisting} }      But I keep getting this error:               Package Listings Warning: Text dropped after begin of listing      I'm calling `\usepackage` and all so, do any of you knows how to solve this?


title: Passing listing-environment as option to command

text: I have a simple command which takes one argument. Now I want to pass a small listing-environment to the command. Here is the code:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{listings}     \begin{document}            \newcommand{\test}[1]{ #1 }            \test       {%       \begin{lstlisting}         asdf       \end{lstlisting}       }%          \end{document}      While compiling I get this error:               Package Listings Warning: Text dropped after begin of listing on input line 12.          (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/omscmr.fd))     *      Any suggestions would be great appreciated.


title: Reducing space between first and last name in casual moderncv template

text: I'm converting my resume into the `moderncv` casual template. I came across a couple examples of this template in action that I quite liked. However, when I started using it, I noticed the space between my two names in the heading is much larger than what the examples show. I'd much prefer to have it back the old way. I saw in the `CHANGELOG` that in version 1.2.0, the `\makecvtitle` code was changed for the casual template to fix some alignment issues. I'm guessing that's where this change was introduced, as I believe the two examples I was looking at are older. Is there a simple way I could change the title formatting to reduce the space between the two names? Any suggestions you have would be much appreciated. Thanks!!


title: Is there an easy way to generate weighted vertices in graphs?

text: There are several ways to include edge weights in graphs, but what about node/vertex weights? I need each vertex to be labelled with a letter and weighted with a number; I cannot find code that does this in a straightforward manner. I have been using the tikz-graph package, but the documentation does not indicate how I could include node weights with labels. Any help is greatly appreciated! Here's an example graph with letter labels, but no vertex weights:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usepackage{tkz-graph}          \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}[rotate=90]     \GraphInit[vstyle=Dijkstra]     \Vertices[Lpos=90,unit=2]{circle}{A,B,C,D,E,F,G}     \SetVertexMath     \Edges(A,B,C,D,E,F,G)     \Edges(B,E,G,A,E,C)     \Edges(D,F)     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}


title: Why is "Lemma 9.6" the default and not "9.6 Lemma"?

text: As a reader, I never really understood why is it so common for textbooks to have the numbering à la `Lemma 9.6`. To me it seems to imply that we also have `Lemma 9.5` and `Lemma 9.7` but sure enough, `9.5` is a definition and `9.7` is an example. So when I started writing my first big assignment, one the first things I googled was how to `\swapnumbers`. But unlike the creators of TeX packages and most users of the TeX.SE, I know little to nothing about typesetting. So I assume that the default option wasn't chosen randomly and would be happy to know the reason and maybe become convinced that `Lemma 9.6` is the way to go. Update: just to clarify, I meant why `Definition 9.5` `Lemma 9.6` `Example 9.7` as opposed to `9.5 Definition` `9.6 Lemma` `9.7 Example` So I'm not questioning the unified numbering (which it a good thing beyond any doubt).


title: Problem with Lyx-viewing pdf's

text: whenever I try to view a pdf of the lyx document (ctrl+r), I get the following error: !pdfTeX error: pdflatex (file ecti1000): Font ecti1000 at 600 not found Also, I cannot properly export the Lyx document to pdf by clicking file-->export. I either don't get a pdf (even though the program says I do), or the resulting pdf file is corrupted and can't be opened.


title: Undefined Control Sequence / section

text: \begin     \section{Logistic Regression}     dfgfg     \subsection{Background}      Parent Class :               \documentclass[12pt]{ociamthesis}  % default square logo           %load any additional packages     \usepackage{amssymb}          \title{Codimension-Two\\[1ex]     %your thesis title,         Free Boundary Problems}   %note \\[1ex] is a line break in the title          \author{d}  %your name     \college{Wf College}  %your college           \renewcommand{\submittedtext}{change the default text here if needed}      \degree{Doctor of Philosophy}     %the degree      \degreedate{Trinity 1998}         %the degree date           %end the preamble and start the document      \begin{document}           %this baselineskip gives sufficient line spacing for an examiner to easily      %markup the thesis with comments     \baselineskip=18pt plus1pt          %set the number of sectioning levels that get number and appear in the contents     \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}     \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}           \title{KK}               % create a title page from the preamble info      \include{dedication}        % include a dedication.tex file      \include{acknowlegements}   % include an acknowledgements.tex file      \include{abstract}          % include the abstract           \begin{romanpages}          % start roman page numbering     \tableofcontents            % generate and include a table of contents     \listoffigures              % generate and include a list of figures     \end{romanpages}            % end roman page numbering          %now include the files of latex for each of the chapters etc     \include{chapter1}     \include{chapter2}     \include{conclusions}     \end{document}      For some reason this keeps complaining that :               Undefined Control Sequence <argument> \section      What have I done wrong. If I don't have subsections or anything below section then it works. Also my `.aux` file for this is as follows :                 @setckpt{chapter1}{        \setcounter{page}{3}        \setcounter{equation}{0}        \setcounter{enumi}{0}        \setcounter{enumii}{0}        \setcounter{enumiii}{0}        \setcounter{enumiv}{0}        \setcounter{footnote}{0}        \setcounter{mpfootnote}{0}        \setcounter{part}{0}        \setcounter{chapter}{0}        \setcounter{section}{0}        \setcounter{subsection}{0}        \setcounter{subsubsection}{0}        \setcounter{paragraph}{0}        \setcounter{subparagraph}{0}        \setcounter{figure}{0}        \setcounter{table}{0}        }


title: Insert pgf with referenced png file from a different folder

text: I'm trying to insert a `pgf` file that I made with matplotlib. This file references to a `png` file (since I inserted a png figure in the plot). When I put the png in the same folder than my `tex` file, everything works, but if the png file is in the folder with the pgf file, i got an error               Package pgf Warning: File "plot2.png" not found when def     ining image "pgflastimage".      I was trying to use `import` but I don't know how it works for a pgf. If I change pgf by tex, it still doesn't find the png:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{pgf}     \usepackage{import}          \begin{document}               % \subimport{../pgf/}{plot.pgf} --> Not working     \input{../pgf/plot.pgf}          \end{document}      EDIT: Changing `\pgfimage{...}` by `\includegraphics{...}` in the pgf file, seems to work with `subimport*` . However, matplotlib produces the pgf with `pgfimage`, so it would be necessary to change the output plots by hand. Maybe someone knows a better solution.


title: Table of Contents is writing over itself

text: First things first I'll give you a simplified version of my code for clarity.               \begin {document}          \tableofcontents          \section*{Words}     \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Words}          \begin {bibliography} {99}     \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References}     \end{bibliogrpahy}          \section*{Appendix}     \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix}          \end {document}      And what is happening is that the Appendix is appearing slightly to the right and on top of the Reference in the Table of Contents.


title: How to suppress hyphenation in figure and table captions?

text: To suppress hyphenation in section names I use `\hyphenpenalty=10000` in `\titleformat` command. Is there any similar way to suppress hyphenation in figure and table (and longtable) captions?


title: Smallcaps for acroynms

text: Suppose I have lots of acronyms in my document , e.g. NASA. I want all my acronymns to be smallcaps by default. Is there a package that can recognise consecutive capital letters and make them smallcaps? I know that I can write `\textsc{nasa}` or make a macro and write `\NASA`, but is there a package that can take away that complication by spotting say more than 2 consecutive capitals and setting smallcaps?


title: How does one update/create bibliography for a doc in Texmaker?

text: I'm looking for the procedure to place entries into a bibliography for a document in Texmaker. I have an existing `.bib` file with references in it as well as a document that correctly references the entries I have. If I create a new entry and use the `\cite{}` call I am unable to get the references into the document. Instead of a number reference in the document I get a `[??]` and no entry in the bibliography. I believe I have to run BibTeX at some point before QuickBuild, but I cannot figure out the order of what I am supposed to run. I also cannot find any documentation that outlines how this is supposed to work.


title: Vertical line in \halign with interrow spacing - LaTeX error

text: \documentclass[12pt, russian]{article}          \tracingall     \tracingassigns=5     \tracingmacros=2     \tracingcommands=2     \tracingrestores=1     \tracingstats=0     \tracingoutput=10     \tracinggroups=10     \tracingonline0          \begin{document}     $$       \left\{        \hbox\bgroup         $          \vcenter\bgroup           \gdef\withlineskip{\hbox\bgroup$}           \gdef\endwithlineskip{$\egroup}           \gdef\\{%             \cr             \gdef\withlineskip{\hbox\bgroup \vbox\bgroup \hbox{}\hbox\bgroup$}%             \gdef\endwithlineskip{$\egroup\egroup\egroup}%             \gdef\\{\cr}%           }           \offinterlineskip           \halign{             \hfil\withlineskip # \endwithlineskip             &\withlineskip {}#{} \endwithlineskip             &\withlineskip # \endwithlineskip\hfil\ \vrule             &\withlineskip {} \cdot # \endwithlineskip\cr             g s_{12} + s_{21} & = & (x_{1}\psi_{1})(t) = \frac{1}{g}U_{1}(t) & (-v) \\             -s_{11} + v s_{12} + s_{22} & = & (x_{1}\psi_{2})(t) & g \\             g s_{22} - g s_{11} - v s_{21} & = & \frac{1}{g} (g U_{2}(t) - v U_{1}(t)) & (-1) \\           }          \egroup         $        \egroup       \right.     $$     \end{document}      My intent is in the title. Can somebody explain me an error LaTeX gives? From `.log` file I understood that something has gone wrong - `\\\` has got captured into `\halign`'s template entry. Is that what always happens anyway? How to solve my problem saving the principle of intent? For those seeking for (almost) correct output, compile this.               \documentclass[12pt, russian]{article}          \begin{document}     $$       \left\{        \hbox\bgroup         $         \displaystyle          \vcenter\bgroup           \gdef\withlineskip{$\displaystyle}           \gdef\endwithlineskip{$}           \gdef\\{%             \cr%           }           \offinterlineskip           \halign{%             \hfil\withlineskip#\endwithlineskip             &\withlineskip{}#{}\endwithlineskip             &\withlineskip#\endwithlineskip\hfil\ \vrule             &\withlineskip{}\cdot#\endwithlineskip\hfil\cr             g s_{12} + s_{21} & = & (x_{1}\psi_{1})(t) = \frac{1}{g}U_{1}(t) &(-v)\\             -s_{11} + v s_{12} + s_{22} & = & (x_{1}\psi_{2})(t) &g\\             g s_{22} - g s_{11} - v s_{21} & = & \frac{1}{g} (g U_{2}(t) - v U_{1}(t)) &(-1)\\           }          \egroup         $        \egroup       \right.     $$     \end{document}      Did you noticed that third and second rows collide? That's what I'm fighting against. (Okay, found yet another bug in my approach, will correct it after somebody will explain me the error.) **UPDATE** That's what I initially meant to have:               \documentclass[12pt, russian]{article}          \begin{document}     \begin{equation}       \left\{        \hbox\bgroup         $          \vcenter\bgroup           % \openup1\jot           \edef\restoreinterlineskip{%             \baselineskip=\the\baselineskip             \lineskip=\the\lineskip             \lineskiplimit=\the\lineskiplimit           }           \gdef\withlineskip{%             \hbox\bgroup              \hbox\bgroup               \hbox\bgroup                $%                 \displaystyle           }           \gdef\endwithlineskip{%                $%               \egroup              \egroup             \egroup           }           \gdef\nextrow{%             \cr             \noalign{\xdef\prevrowdepth{\the\prevdepth}\vskip -\prevrowdepth}%             \gdef\withlineskip{%               \hbox\bgroup                 \restoreinterlineskip                \vbox\bgroup                \hbox{\vrule width 0pt height 0pt depth \prevrowdepth }%                \hbox\bgroup                 $                  \displaystyle             }%             \gdef\nextrow{%               \cr               \noalign{\xdef\prevrowdepth{\the\prevdepth}}%             }%           }           \offinterlineskip           \halign{             \hfil\withlineskip # \endwithlineskip             &\withlineskip {}#{} \endwithlineskip             &\withlineskip # \endwithlineskip\hfil\ \vrule             &\withlineskip {} \cdot # \endwithlineskip\cr             g s_{12} + s_{21} & = & (x_{1}\psi_{1})(t) = \frac{1}{g}U_{1}(t) & (-v) \nextrow             -s_{11} + v s_{12} + s_{22} & = & (x_{1}\psi_{2})(t) & g \nextrow             g s_{22} - g s_{11} - v s_{21} & = & \frac{1}{g} (g U_{2}(t) - v U_{1}(t)) & (-1) \nextrow           }           \egroup         $        \egroup       \right.       \Longrightarrow 0 = 0     \end{equation}     \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/IeK2V.png) No manual inter-row skip choice! :-)


title: \pgftransformtriangle problem

text: Why the red square and circle are not set and oriented on the blue points ? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/3H1UC.png)               \documentclass[tikz]{standalone}          \usepackage{tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{calc}          \def\Azi{30}%30     \def\Alt{20}%20          \def\Radius{1.5}     \def\Length{5}     \def\AngleMax{atan(2*\Radius/\Length)}          \newcommand{\SetRelAngle}[1]{%         \def\RelAngle{#1}            \def\Angle{\AngleMax+#1}              \pgfmathsetmacro\RadCos{\Radius*cos(\Angle)}         \pgfmathsetmacro\RadSin{\Radius*sin(\Angle)}         \pgfmathsetmacro\LCos{\Length*cos(\Angle)}         \pgfmathsetmacro\LSin{\Length*sin(\Angle)}              \pgfmathsetmacro\CosAlt{cos(\Alt)}         \pgfmathsetmacro\SinAlt{sin(\Alt)}         \pgfmathsetmacro\CosAzi{cos(\Azi)}         \pgfmathsetmacro\SinAzi{sin(\Azi)}              \pgfmathsetmacro\SinAziSinAlt{\SinAzi*\SinAlt}         \pgfmathsetmacro\CosAziSinAlt{\CosAzi*\SinAlt}         }          % calculate projection     \newcommand{\CoorXY}[4][MyNode]{%         \pgfmathsetmacro\PjX{%              #2*\CosAzi             -#3*\SinAzi}         \pgfmathsetmacro\PjY{%              #2*\SinAziSinAlt             +#3*\CosAziSinAlt             +#4*\CosAlt}         \coordinate (#1) at (\PjX,\PjY) ;         }          % The same with a dot for debugging     \newcommand{\CoorXYT}[4][MyNode]{%         \CoorXY[#1]{#2}{#3}{#4}         \node[small dot,label={[font=\scriptsize]#1}] at (#1) {}         }          \tikzset{%         small dot/.style={fill=blue,circle,scale=0.3},         }          % ##############     \begin{document}     % ##############          \SetRelAngle{1}     \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2]          % Debugging     \CoorXYT[CB]{0}{0}{0} ;      \CoorXYT[BD]{0}{\Radius}{0} ;     \CoorXYT[BG]{0}{-\Radius}{0} ;     \CoorXYT[BH]{-\RadSin}{0}{\RadCos} ;     \CoorXYT[BB]{\RadSin}{0}{-\RadCos} ;          \draw[blue] (BH)--(BB) (BD)--(BG) ;          \begin{scope}[red]     \pgftransformtriangle{%         \pgfpointnormalised{\pgfpointanchor{CB}{center}}}{%         \pgfpointnormalised{\pgfpointanchor{BG}{center}}}{%         \pgfpointnormalised{\pgfpointanchor{BH}{center}}} ;     \draw (-1,-1) rectangle (1,1) ;     \draw (0,-1) -- (0,1) (-1,0) -- (1,-0) ;     \draw (0,0) circle (1) ;     \end{scope}          \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}