title: What is wrong with these refs according to Biber?

text: the compilation failed with some issue reported by `biber` (see below) which is part of the dissertation file: **Snippet of log file**               ...      Package biblatex Warning: Biber reported the following issues     (biblatex)                with 'malfertheiner_acute_2011':     (biblatex)                - Range field 'pages' in entry 'malfertheiner_acute_2     011' is malformed, skipping.               Package biblatex Warning: Biber reported the following issues     (biblatex)                with 'akdis_interleukins_2011':     (biblatex)                - Range field 'pages' in entry 'akdis_interleukins_20     11' is malformed, skipping.               Package biblatex Warning: Biber reported the following issues     (biblatex)                with 'cosmi_identification_2010':     (biblatex)                - Range field 'pages' in entry 'cosmi_identification_     2010' is malformed, skipping.          )          Runaway argument?     {Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA)} is a valuable tool f\ETC.     ! File ended while scanning use of \field.     <inserted text>                      \par      l.197 \begin{document}        **Snippet of the mentioned refs in the`.bib` file**               @article{malfertheiner_acute_2011,         title = {Acute infection with a {CagA} positive \textit{H. pylori} strain in healthy subjects -- effect on symptoms and gastric physiology},         volume = {140},         issn = {0016-5085},         url = {http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(11)60352-1/abstract},         doi = {10.1016/S0016-5085(11)60352-1},         abstract = {No abstract is available. To read the body of this article, please view the {PDF} online.},         pages = {S-86-S-86},         number = {5},         journaltitle = {Gastroenterology},         shortjournal = {Gastroenterology},         author = {Malfertheiner, Peter and Selgrad, Michael and Wex, Thomas and Del Giudice, Giuseppe and Palla, Emanuela and Graham, David and Heaton, Penny M.},         urldate = {2014-04-21},         date = {2011-05},         keywords = {allrefs, caga, cited, clinical, H. pylori, Human, Novartis, vaccine},         file = {Malfertheiner et al. - 2011 - Acute infection with a CagA positive iH. pylori.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\3K8B7223\\Malfertheiner et al. - 2011 - Acute infection with a CagA positive iH. pylori.pdf:application/pdf}     }          @article{akdis_interleukins_2011,         title = {Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases},         volume = {127},         issn = {1097-6825},         doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.050},         shorttitle = {Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ},         abstract = {Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections could lead to effective and targeted therapies. Subsets of immune and inflammatory cells interact via {ILs} and {IFNs;} reciprocal regulation and counter balance among T(h) and regulatory T cells, as well as subsets of B cells, offer opportunities for immune interventions. Here, we review current knowledge about {ILs} 1 to 37 and {IFN-γ.} Our understanding of the effects of {ILs} has greatly increased since the discoveries of monocyte {IL} (called {IL-1)} and lymphocyte {IL} (called {IL-2);} more than 40 cytokines are now designated as {ILs.} Studies of transgenic or knockout mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided important information about {IL} and {IFN} functions. We discuss their signaling pathways, cellular sources, targets, roles in immune regulation and cellular networks, roles in allergy and asthma, and roles in defense against infections.},         pages = {701-721.e1-70},         number = {3},         journaltitle = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology},         shortjournal = {J Allergy Clin Immunol},         author = {Akdis, Mübeccel and Burgler, Simone and Crameri, Reto and Eiwegger, Thomas and Fujita, Hiroyuki and Gomez, Enrique and Klunker, Sven and Meyer, Norbert and {O'Mahony}, Liam and Palomares, Oscar and Rhyner, Claudio and Ouaked, Nadia and Quaked, Nadia and Schaffartzik, Anna and Van De Veen, Willem and Zeller, Sabine and Zimmermann, Maya and Akdis, Cezmi A},         date = {2011-03},         pmid = {21377040},         keywords = {allrefs, Animals, cited, cytokine, expression source, figure, Humans, {IL-12}, {IL-12} family, {IL-17}, {IL-23}, {IL-27}, {IL-35}, {IL-8}, Immune System Diseases, Immunity, Interferon-gamma, Interleukins, Mice, Receptors, Interferon, Receptors, Interleukin, review, Th differentiation},         file = {Akdis et al. - 2011 - Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ rece.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\PCM6FBJX\\Akdis et al. - 2011 - Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ rece.pdf:application/pdf}     }       @article{cosmi_identification_2010,         title = {Identification of a novel subset of human circulating memory {CD4(+)} T cells that produce both {IL-17A} and {IL-4}},         volume = {125},         issn = {1097-6825},         doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.012},         abstract = {{BACKGROUND:} {IL-17A} has been suggested to play a pathogenic role in bronchial asthma and other allergic disorders.     {OBJECTIVE:} Study of the relationship between human {IL-17A-producing} {CD4(+)} T(H) cells (T(H)17) and {IL-4-producing} {CD4(+)} T(H) (T(H)2) cells.     {METHODS:} T-cell clones generated from the {CCR6(+)CD161(+)} fraction of human circulating {CD4(+)} T cells, which contains virtually all T(H)17 cells, as well as circulating {CD4(+)} T cells from both healthy subjects and patients with asthma, were assessed by flow cytometry for their cytokine production profile.     {RESULTS:} A small proportion of {CCR6(+)CD161(+)CD4(+)} T-cell clones showed the ability to produce both {IL-17A} and {IL-4} (T({H)17/T(H)2).} T({H)17/T(H)2} clones also produced {IL-5}, {IL-8}, {IL-9}, {IL-13}, {IL-21}, and {IL-22} and displayed the ability to induce the in vitro secretion of {IgE.} A very few T({H)17/T(H)2} cells were found among circulating {CD4(+)} T cells from normal subjects, but their proportions were significantly increased in the circulation of patients with chronic asthma. T({H)17/T(H)2} cells could not be derived from naive umbilical cord blood {CD4(+)} T cells under any experimental condition. However, when circulating memory {CCR6(+)CD161(+)CD4(+)} T cells were cloned under appropriate polarizing conditions, T({H)17/T(H)2} clones originated in the presence of {IL-4}, suggesting that an {IL-4-rich} microenvironment may induce the shifting of memory T(H)17 cells into T({H)17/T(H)2} cells.     {CONCLUSION:} Because of its peculiar functional properties and the increased numbers in the circulation of patients with bronchial asthma, this previously unknown population of T({H)17/T(H)2} cells may play some role in the pathogenesis of this disease.},         pages = {222-230.e1-4},         number = {1},         journaltitle = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology},         shortjournal = {J Allergy Clin Immunol},         author = {Cosmi, Lorenzo and Maggi, Laura and Santarlasci, Veronica and Capone, Manuela and Cardilicchia, Elisa and Frosali, Francesca and Querci, Valentina and Angeli, Roberta and Matucci, Andrea and Fambrini, Massimiliano and Liotta, Francesco and Parronchi, Paola and Maggi, Enrico and Romagnani, Sergio and Annunziato, Francesco},         date = {2010},         pmid = {20109749},         keywords = {17definition, 17plasticity, allrefs, Asthma, {CD4-Positive} T-Lymphocytes, cited, Clone Cells, Cytokines, Flow Cytometry, {groupTh17wTh2}, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-4, key reference, {NK} Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B, plasticity, Receptors, {CCR6}, Th17, Th2, T-Lymphocyte Subsets},         file = {Cosmi et al. - 2010 - Identification of a novel subset of human circulat.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\DW6HV2VI\\Cosmi et al. - 2010 - Identification of a novel subset of human circulat.pdf:application/pdf}     }      I use biber version 1.9 - TexLive 2014 - Perl 5.18.2 and compile with xetex. **Update 1**   the statement in the log file `Fisher-Roa Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA)} is a valuable tool for` is a text part of one of the refs in the `.bib` file as below:               @article{hastie_discriminant_1996,         title = {Discriminant analysis by gaussian mixtures},         volume = {58},         url = {http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2346171?uid=3737864&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104276903573},         abstract = {Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA)} is a valuable tool for multigroup classification. {LDA} is equivalent to maximum likelihood classification assuming Gaussian distributions for each class. In this paper, we fit Gaussian mixtures to each class to facilitate effective classification in non-normal settings, especially when the classes are clustered. Low dimensional views are an important by-product of {LDA---our} new techniques inherit this feature. We are able to control the within-class spread of the subclass centers relative to the between-class spread. Our technique for fitting these models permits a natural blend with nonparametric versions of {LDA.}  Keywords: Classification, Pattern Recognition, Clustering, Nonparametric, Penalized. 1 Introduction  In the generic classification or discrimination problem, the outcome of interest  G falls into J unordered classes, which for convenience we denote by the set J =  f1; 2; 3; {\textbackslash}Delta {\textbackslash}Delta {\textbackslash}Delta Jg. We wish to build a rule for pred...},         pages = {155–176},         journaltitle = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B},         shortjournal = {J R Stat Soc},         author = {Hastie, Trevor and Tibshirani, Robert},         date = {1996},         keywords = {allrefs, cited, first reference, {MDA}, statistics},         file = {Hastie and Tibshirani - 1996 - Discriminant Analysis by Gaussian Mixtures.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\K9XXKTSJ\\Hastie and Tibshirani - 1996 - Discriminant Analysis by Gaussian Mixtures.pdf:application/pdf}     }      **Update 2**   now the errors considering page ranges disappeared after caring for them, but the error for abstract did not, perplexed! see the snippet below:               )          (./phdmain.bbl          )          Runaway argument?     {Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA}) is a valuable tool f\ETC.     ! File ended while scanning use of \field.     <inserted text>                      \par      l.197 \begin{document}          ?      **Question**   How can I fix this error?


title: Is there a tool for generating journal names' abbreviations

text: Having a BibTeT file with full journal titles in it, I'm looking for a tool to construct a list of abbreviations following ISSN standard (it specifies how to abbreviate individual words, which should make it straightforward to generate abbreviations for any title). I'm ware of JabRef, but it requires a list of title-abbreviation pairs and I don't want to do one by hand if I don't have to. (I should add that the lists available from JabRef website do not cover the titles I have).


title: how to put header (and footer) on title page with correct positioning?

text: I tried to use `fancyhdr` package and the result I have with the output is as shown here. The screenshot shows the junction between pages (bottom of) 3 and (top of) 4 (both header and footer being the same; with lfoot and lhead being "Lecture 1" and rfoot and rhead being "Handout 1"). As you might notice, both header and footer are placed leftwards (taking the page number along with them). Also, they do not appear on the title page whereas unlike most other cases, I would like them to be present on it. > MWE below:               \documentclass[10pt]{article}          \usepackage{soul}     \usepackage{fancyhdr}     \pagestyle{fancy}     \lhead{Lecture 1}     \rhead{Handout 1}     \lfoot{Lecture 1}     \rfoot{Handout 1}          \usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}     \def\changemargin#1#2{\list{}{\rightmargin#2\leftmargin#1}\item[]}     \let\endchangemargin=\endlist      \title{\ul{Proper positioning of headers and footers}}     \usepackage{lipsum}     \begin{document}     \maketitle     \lipsum[4-57]     \end{document}


title: harvard style referencing

text: I am new to LaTeX and I need to change the style of an article. Setting in tex file is:               \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}     \usepackage{natbib}     \usepackage{hyperref}     \numberwithin{equation}{section}     \usepackage{natbib}     \bibliographystyle{dcu}     \begin{document}     \bibliography{final}      \end{document}      An example in the bib file:               @article{Clement1999,     author = {Clement, A. and Cane, M. A. and Seager, R},     title = {{Orbital controls on the Tropical climate}},     journal = {Paleoceanography},     year = {1999},     volume = {14},     pages = {441--456}     }      It shows the referencing style in text and the list of references: > (Simmons 1980) > > Simmons, N.M. (1980). Behaviour. In _The Desert Bighorn_ , ed. G. Monson and > L. Summer. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press: 124-44. I need to change the style to: > (Simmons, 1980) > > Simmons, N.M. (1980). Behaviour. In _The Desert Bighorn_ , ed. G. Monson and > L. Summer. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 124-44. I have tried the following ways to change the style: `\bibliographystyle{dcu}` was changed to `\bibliographystyle{agsm}` the style remains the same in the pdf file after rerunning tex file. Rerunning of bib file showed this message: > ! Missing $ inserted. >   >   >                 $ >   >   >   >                    \mskip >   > > \,->\mskip >   >   >            \thinmuskip >   > > l.440 ... of Florida Current transport at 27{\$}\, >   >   >                                                   ^\circ{\$}N}}, >   `\usepackage{natbib}` was changed to `\usepackage[comma]{natbib}`. Console output showed the message: `[comma] clash with natbib`. `\cite{key}` was changed to `\citep{key}. After running the tex file, the style still remains the same (author year). ` What should I do to show a comma between name and year in citation and to have 'pp.' instead of colon in references? Thank you for your help in advance.


title: PDF pages with color/gray-scale figures print with bold text

text: When including PDF and JPG images with either color or gray-scale in my `pdflatex` document everything appears perfect on screen. However, when I try to print on a color printer the text in these pages comes out bold and slightly out of focus. Pages with images that contain only black and white elements print out fine. I am currently using MiKTeX 2.9 pdfTeX-1.40.12 but had this problem with earlier versions as well. I am including figures in the usual way:               \begin{figure}[tb]       \centerline{\includegraphics[width=9cm]{intro/figsIntro/Fig1.jpg}}       \caption[Caption]{Caption}       \label{fig:1}     \end{figure}      Any help with this issue will be greatly appreciated! In my preamble I have the following:               \documentclass[twoside,11pt]{report}     \usepackage{fullpage}     \usepackage{setspace}     \onehalfspacing     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}      \usepackage{flafter}      \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}          \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{txfonts}     \usepackage{upgreek}          \usepackage{fouriernc}          \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{Myriad-LF}     \input glyphtounicode     \pdfgentounicode=1          \usepackage{courier}      \usepackage{textcomp}           \usepackage{float}     \usepackage{apacite}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage[british]{babel}          \setcounter{tocdepth}{2}      \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}     \pagestyle{headings}           \usepackage{booktabs}       \usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttable}     \usepackage{rotating}          \usepackage{subfigure}          \usepackage[titles, subfigure]{tocloft}     \setlength{\cftfignumwidth}{2em}     \setlength{\cfttabnumwidth}{2em}          \numberwithin{figure}{chapter}     \numberwithin{table}{chapter}          \usepackage[font={small},format=plain,labelfont=sf,up,bf,labelsep=space,textfont=rm]{caption}          \setlength{\captionmargin}{17pt}          \usepackage[tracking=smallcaps]{microtype}          \usepackage{titlesec}          %%-----Bold sf Headings------%%          \titleformat{\chapter}[display]     {\normalfont\Large\scshape\centering}{\MakeUppercase{\scshape{\chaptertitlename\ }}  \textnormal{\thechapter}}{20pt}{\Huge}     \titleformat{\section}     {\sffamily \Large \bfseries}{\thesection}{1em}{}     \titleformat{\subsection}     {\sffamily\large\bfseries}{\thesubsection}{1em}{}     \titleformat{\subsubsection}     {\sffamily\normalsize\bfseries}{\thesubsubsection}{1em}{}     \titleformat{\paragraph}[runin]     {\sffamily\normalsize\bfseries}{\theparagraph}{1em}{}     \titleformat{\subparagraph}[runin]     {\rmfamily\normalsize\bfseries}{\thesubparagraph}{1em}{}     \titlespacing*{\chapter} {0pt}{50pt}{40pt}     \titlespacing*{\section} {0pt}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}     \titlespacing*{\subsection} {0pt}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}     \titlespacing*{\subsubsection}{0pt}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}     \titlespacing*{\paragraph} {0pt}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1em}     \titlespacing*{\subparagraph} {\parindent}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1em}          \usepackage{fancyhdr}          \usepackage[pdftex,a4paper]{geometry}           %%TwoSide:      \setlength{\textwidth}{13.6cm}     \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{1.66cm}      \setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.66cm}      \setlength{\textheight}{22.0cm}     \setlength{\topmargin}{0cm}     \setlength{\headsep}{1.66cm}     \setlength{\footnotesep}{0.6cm}     \setlength{\footnotesep}{0.6cm}          \usepackage{fancyvrb} %% For matlab     \usepackage{color} %% For matlab     % definition of matlab colors:           %% LandScape %%     \usepackage{lscape}          %--------------------DOCUMENT-----------------------%%          \begin{document}          \pagenumbering{arabic}          \include{chapter1/cha1}           \end{document}


title: Avoid showing all figures at the end of the text by setting \topfraction to a value larger than 1.0?

text: Jakob's LaTeX tricks read: > Be careful not to make `\floatpagefraction` larger than `\topfraction`, then > you risk to produce a figure that can neither go on the top of a text page, > nor on a page by itself. If that happens, the figure and all later figures > will be postponed until next time a `\clearpage` is executed (typically at > the end of a chapter or the end of the document). **This will also happen if > a figure is too large to fit on a page.** I had once the problem that after a certain figure all following figures were shown at the end of the document. My expectation is that I could avoid this by setting \topfraction to a large value. Is this a safe setting, or is this likely to break something? (I don't care if the float goes beyond page margins in this case.)


title: Difference between hypertexnames and naturalnames in hyperref

text: The documentation for `hyperref` reads: > `hypertexnames` -- boolean -- use guessable names for links > > `naturalnames` -- boolean -- use LaTeX-computed names for links And that's it. A question addresses the meaning of `hypertexnames` -- is `naturalnames` even a third naming scheme, or does `naturalnames=true` imply `hypertexnames=false`? Perhaps related: Does this setting affect compatibility with other packages? Is it advisable to always include `hyperref` after all other packages, or are there exceptions?


title: How to change the font for chapter title with titlesec and titling under XeTeX?

text: I'm using `XeTeX` to edit a document in which I am trying to use `titlesec` and `titling` to set a different font for some headings. I'm using the approach suggested as a reply to a similar question, but so far my success is really partial. The `section` and `subsection` titles change the font as desired, but the `chapter` title ignores the setting. Here is a snippet of my code               %%% to allow custom headings     \usepackage{titlesec}     % to change titles font family     \usepackage{titling}               %%% declare fonts and set some formats     % fontspec to use non-latex with xetex     \usepackage{xunicode}     \usepackage{fontspec}     \usepackage{xltxtra}          % font declaration and title settings     \newfontfamily\headingfont[]{Armata}     \titleformat{\chapter}{\LARGE\headingfont}     \titleformat*{\section}{\LARGE\headingfont}     \titleformat*{\subsection}{\Large\headingfont}     \renewcommand{\maketitlehooka}{\headingfont}      The chapter setting is something I tried while mimicking the solution provided in the link above. I learnt that removing the `*` is required somehow as the `easy mode` would not work with chapter titles. I didn't find why, yet. But truth is that removing the asterisk also gets rid of the error... but it doesnt seem to work regarding the font face setting. Any ideas? Thanks :) Edit: I found a really silly error, that led me to a (partial) solution and a new error showing up. I just set `\documentclass{book}` and now the renderer tries to put the desired font, but `titlesec` throws an error: `Titles must not be nested` The LaTeX code is this:               \begin{document}               \chapter{First Chapter}          The title above does not show any font.          \section{First Section}          Works as desired.          \subsection{Subsection}          Hiya! This also shows up as expected.          \subsubsection{Subsubsection}          We have not declared a titleformat for this heading, and so it is shown with the default font.          \section{Second section}          Repeating the success          \end{document}      The `chapter` title is the one that triggers the titlesec error.


title: pdf files show "fi", but searching for or copying them does not work

text: When I pdflatex text containing "fi", e.g. "infinite", the resulting pdf-file looks correct, e.g. "infinite" is shown in the text. But when I search the pdf file for "infinite", 0 occurrences are found. When I copy "infinite" and paste it, the result is "innite". Searching for "innite" results in 0 occurrences as well. What causes this behavior? My font not being able to handle ligatures? How can I fix it, such that "fi" is treated the same as any other letter combination?


title: How to use multiple URLs for one bibtex reference?

text: I have used this BibTeX reference in my work               @Misc{oai:CiteSeerPSU:562256,       title =   "Gerris: {A} Tree-Based Adaptive Solver For The              Incompressible Euler Equations In Complex Geometries",       author =  "St Ephane Popinet",       year =    "2002",       month =   sep # "~08",       abstract =    "An adaptive mesh projection method for the              time-dependent incompressible Euler equations is              presented. The domain is spatially discretised using              quad/octrees and a multilevel Poisson solver is used to              obtain the pressure. Complex solid boundaries are              represented using a volume-of-fluid approach.              Second-order convergence in space and time is              demonstrated on regular, statically and dynamically              refined grids. The quad/octree discretisation proves to              be very flexible and allows accurate and efficient              tracking of flow features. The source code of the              method implementation is freely available.",       citeseer-references = "oai:CiteSeerPSU:500259; oai:CiteSeerPSU:27423;              oai:CiteSeerPSU:16254; oai:CiteSeerPSU:395363;              oai:CiteSeerPSU:436925; oai:CiteSeerPSU:90307;              oai:CiteSeerPSU:391348; oai:CiteSeerPSU:137987;              oai:CiteSeerPSU:442611; oai:CiteSeerPSU:44620;              oai:CiteSeerPSU:150038; oai:CiteSeerPSU:433875;              oai:CiteSeerPSU:441861; oai:CiteSeerPSU:526586",       bibsource =   "OAI-PMH server at cs1.ist.psu.edu",       language =    "en",       oai =     "oai:CiteSeerPSU:562256",       rights =  "unrestricted",       URL =     "http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/562256.html;              http://gfs.sf.net/gerris.pdf",     }      , but in the bibliography, instead of getting two separate links two the two urls, I get both urls merged into one link like this: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/562256.html;http://gfs.sf.net/gerris.pdf. Is there any way in which I can get the two urls separated and to get one link to each ulr? Frankly, I don't know what the best practice is for url linking in the bibliography, but what I have now is quite useless. Edit: I'm using JabRef, and it modifies the bibtex code on the web page I linked to from `url = "http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/562256.html; http://gfs.sf.net/gerris.pdf"` to `url = {http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/562256.html; http://gfs.sf.net/gerris.pdf}`. In other words, it removes the quotation signs and inserts curly brackets instead. I don't know, maybe this can cause some problem?


title: Why is a blank line added before a description environment when placed in a footnote in ConTeXt?

text: I would like to place a description environment inside a footnote, e.g.:               \definedescription[descr][headstyle=normal, style=normal, width=3em]     \starttext         This is some text.\footnote{\startdescr{Label} This is a footnote.\stopdescr}     \stoptext      When I compile this code, it places the footnote number, but then skips an extra line before displaying the description environment, e.g.:               This is some text.~1            -----     1       Label   This is a footnote.      How can I get it to appear like this?               This is some text.~1            -----     1 Label   This is a footnote.


title: Clickable "tel:" URL for TeX resume

text: I need to make my telephone number clickable. You might be familiar with this in Gmail's clickable phone numbers that dial out to your mobile phone, for example. I'm working on my resume, and I'm using the `res` class. It looks like with what I want to do I have to make some changes to my class file, but I'm a little hesitant to do so. Here's what I want: *RFC 3966 compatible URL `tel:`: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3966#section-5.2 (see section 5.2) I also want it to be formatted as an "ITU-T E.123 standard telephone number": http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.123-200102-I/e (see section 2.4) So basically I want:   * HTML source: "tel:15555555555"   * Typeset as: "+1 555 555 5555" (clickable of course like HTML telephone links) My final goal is to have a clickable link for a phone number without it looking visually different, just like my email address is. It is simply clickable and it goes to my email application. Is there a package that does `tel:`? How do I integrate this telephone solution in `res`? Does anyone ever use clickable `tel:` links in PDFs? *edit: I Found out here http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1164004/how-to-mark-up-phone-numbers that RFC 3966 supersedes RFC 2806. **UPDATE** : I think I have escaped the domain of TeX with this problem. I used "You's" answer to make a clickable link that looks formatted properly. I'm just having issues with the functionality of the `tel:` standard among applications that use it. Not working: Foxit Reader, Gmail, Chrome (Windows OS). Working: Gmail mobile, mobile Quickoffice PDF viewer, Mobile dialer (Android OS).


title: Remove the spacing between items of etaremune

text: Is it possible to remove or reduce the spacing between the items listed by the package `etaremune`? Something similar to `\begin{itemize}[noitemsep,nolistsep]`.               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{etaremune}          \begin{document}          \begin{etaremune}         \item Third item         \item Second item         \item First item     \end{etaremune}          \end{document}


title: Bibliography is shown on partially

text: In the References list at the end of my latex document, only the first 14 references are shown, while the others are not (I use a bib file with around 50 references). The error is:               ! TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [save size=4000].     \bibsgerman ...ef \Btxeditorlong {\btxeditorlong }                                                   \def \Btxeditorsshort ##1{...     l.153       What could trigger this?


title: How to color the ToC and the references with a different color?

text: As the title reads, I'd like to color my **ToC** in let's say red and the **references** in my document with another color let's say blue. here's a MWE of my document :               \documentclass{report}          \usepackage{xcolor}     \usepackage{hyperref}          \usepackage{lipsum}          \title{test colors}     \author{Oddant}          \hypersetup{         colorlinks=true,         linktoc=all,         linkcolor=blue     }               \begin{document}          \tableofcontents               \chapter{foo}     \section{bar}     go to \ref{lipsum}     \chapter{oof}     \section{rab}     \label{lipsum}     \lipsum     \end{document}      If you compile the code above you would notice that the _ToC_ is in the same color than the _reference_ in the **bar** section. > How can I color my _ToC_ in black for instance without installing any extra > packages like _tocloft_ ? Is there any parameters to place in **hypersetup** to get what I want, i peeked into the documentation of **hyperref** but I come here with any clue.


title: How do I get a heading in the upper right hand corner of the first page only?

text: I'm looking to do homework in LaTeX. I'd like the format to be as follows: A simple enumerated list of the answers (with simple numbers on the same line, not section markers) with a heading on the top right corner of the first page only. I'd also like smaller margins and 12pt font. The list, the margins, and the font I've taken care of with               \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}     \usepackage{enumitem}     \usepackage{fullpage}     \begin{document}     \begin{enumerate}           \item[1.] Here is some text. $$f(x+h) = f(x) + f'(x)h + o(h).$$          \end{enumerate}     \end{document}      I'm now trying to figure out how to get a heading in the upper right hand corner of the first page. I searched through old answers on the site with no success.


title: Group the references in bibliography

text: I am preparing a report in LaTeX and I have many references which I intend to put in the Bibliography. I was wondering if it possible to group the reference based on the topic. I would expect a LaTeX output something like this: > [Section1] > > [1] IEEE Standard > > [2] Book 1 > > [Section 2] > > [3] Ref 1 > > [4] Ref 2 This way, it will be useful when we just read the Bibliography part, we can access the References based on the section of our interest rather than going through all the references.


title: Begin enumerate from zero in LyX beamer

text: I am making a presentation using beamer in LyX. Is it possible to have a numbered list (enumerate) starting with zero (0) instead of one (1)?


title: How to regulate the decimals in numbers placed above barplots?

text: I am using the latex package "pgfplots" for producing x-barplots. In these plots the height of each bar is placed as a number to the right of the bar, as shown here: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/dTkzF.jpg) The code for producing these barplot is given below. Includet in this code is a datafile with x and y numbers, called "data1.dat". My concern is how to regulate the number of decimals shown in the figure. For instance, in the datafile the y-value 1 has the x-value 15.1234, but this number is shown as "15.12" in the figure. More specifically: (1) How do I set the number of decimals to a specific value, for instance one? (2) How can I prevent 0.049 to be written 4.9*10-2, but instead as "0.0" if I want one decimal? (3) How do I make 12.0 to be written as "12.0" instead of "12" as in the figure? (4) is it possible to exchange 0.049 in the datafile with "<0.05" so that "< 0.05" is shown in the figure?               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \usepackage{filecontents}     \pgfplotsset{     compat=newest,          width=6cm,         height=4cm,          xtick align =outside,         xtick pos = both,         xticklabel pos =lower,         xmin=-5,         xmax = 105,              ytick align = outside,            ytick pos = left,          yticklabel pos=left,           ymin =0,         ymax = 5,             ytick=data,         xbar,           nodes near coords,           every node near coord/.append style = {anchor=west},     }          \begin{document}          % Measurements      \begin{filecontents}{data1.dat}       yvalue         xvalue          1                  15.1234          2                  20.5678            3                  12.0              4                 0.049          \end{filecontents}               \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[         yticklabels from table={data1.dat}{yvalue},           xlabel = {x},         ylabel = {y},        every axis y label/.style = {at={(yticklabel cs:0.5)}, rotate=0,anchor =east},         bar width=4pt,       ]     \addplot table [         y=yvalue,         x=xvalue,      ] {data1.dat};     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}


title: How to reset footnote numbering at \chapter* and at frontmatter chapters?

text: A comment to my answer to Biblatex and citation reset between chapters made me realize that, contrary to normal chapters in the `book` and `report` class, `\chapter*` (the starred version) does not reset the numbering of footnotes:               \documentclass{book}          \begin{document}          \chapter*{Preface}          Some text.\footnote{A footnote}          \chapter*{Introduction}          Some text.\footnote{A footnote}          \chapter{First}          Some text.\footnote{A footnote}          \end{document}      The same is true for `\chapter` in the frontmatter of the `book` class:               \documentclass{book}          \begin{document}          \frontmatter          \chapter{Preface}          Some text.\footnote{A footnote}          \chapter{Introduction}          Some text.\footnote{A footnote}          \mainmatter          \chapter{First}          Some text.\footnote{A footnote}          \end{document}      How to reset footnote numbering at `\chapter*` and at frontmatter chapters?


title: Datatool and currency-type data

text: The package `datatool` gives me some headaches with the **currency** -type fields.   My data is a `test.csv` file exported from Excel, without header:               a,"$100,090.06 ","$107,578.03 ",0.129565278       b,"$267,697.13 ","$72,463.54 ",0.087442318       c,"$761,314.81 ","$192,210.83 ",0.231820008       some text       some text2      I'd like to (1) add **totals** for some columns; and (2) **round** the figures:               Label     Amount1     Amount2  Percent            ----------------------------------------          a        $100,090    $107,578      13%       b        $267,697     $72,464       9%       c        $761,315    $192,211      23%            ----------------------------------------          Total: $1,129,102                  45%        Here is my code:               \documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}      \usepackage{datatool}     \begin{document}          \DTLloadrawdb[noheader,headers={label,Amount1,Amount2,\%},keys={A,B,C,D}]{myDB}{test.csv}     Displaying the table:\\     \DTLdisplaydb{myDB} \\     Operating the table:\\     \def\totalAmount{0}     \def\totalPercent{0} %initializing totalAmount and totalPercent to 0          \begin{tabular}{r|ll|r}     label & Amount1 &  Amount2 & Percent     \DTLforeach[\value{DTLrowi}<3]{myDB}{\aa=A,\bb=B,\cc=C,\dd=D}{     \\      \aa & \bb & \cc &      \DTLmul{\dd}{\dd}{100}\DTLround{\dd}{\dd}{0}\dd\%  %formatting the percent column          \DTLgadd{\totalPercent}{\dd}{\totalPercent} %cumulating percentages     \DTLgadd{\totalAmount}{\bb}{\totalAmount} %cumulating Amount <- THIS LINE DOES NOT WORK (when removing it, the code does partially what I want), probably because \bb is not seen as real     } \\ \hline     Total & \totalAmount &  & \totalPercent\%     \end{tabular}          \end{document}      I guess my failure comes the fact that `\bb` and `\cc` are currencies and not real.


title: Troubles with Tables

text: I'm not exactly sure how to format my LaTeX code for this website. So maybe someone can help me with that... I'm having trouble with a table in LaTeX:   1. In the cell that says "Dimension of Sample", the text goes outside the box.   2. I would like the 1,2,3 of the sample dimensions to be centered in the cells vertically   3. I would like the main portion of the table entries to be left aligned without affecting the alignment for the rest of the table. Any help is appreciated!               \documentclass{report}     \usepackage{multirow}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \begin{document}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}     \cline{3-6}      \multicolumn{1}{c}{} &  & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\textbf{Dimension of Measurement}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{}}\tabularnewline     \cline{3-6}      \multicolumn{1}{c}{} &  & \textbf{0} & \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3}  \tabularnewline     \hline          \multirow{3}{*}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{\textbf{Dimension of Sample}}} & \textbf{1} & \shortstack{P10\\No of fractures\\per unit length\\of borehole} & \shortstack{P11\\Length of\\fractures per\\unit length} &  &  & \textbf{\shortstack{Linear\\Measures}}\tabularnewline     \cline{2-7}           & \textbf{2} & \shortstack{P20\\No of fractures\\per unit\\area} & \shortstack{P21\\Length of\\fractures per\\unit area} & \shortstack{P22\\Area of\\fractures per\\unit area} &  & \textbf{\shortstack{Areal\\Measures}}\tabularnewline     \cline{2-7}           & \textbf{3} & \shortstack{P30\\No of fractures\\per unit\\volume} &  & \shortstack{P32\\Area of\\fractures per\\unit volume} & \shortstack{P33\\Volume of\\fractures per\\unit volume} & \textbf{\shortstack{Volumetric\\Measures}}\tabularnewline     \hline      \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \textbf{Density} &  & \textbf{Intensity} & \textbf{Porosity} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{}\tabularnewline     \cline{3-6}      \end{tabular}     \end{document}


title: Does Emacs support editing bibliography files for biblatex?

text: Emacs includes `bibtex-mode` for editing bibliography files used by BibTeX. Is there a way to make it support the bibliography files used by `biblatex`?


title: An alternative, distinct font for re-using i and j for indexes?

text: I have used `i`, `j`, `k`, and `\ell` as indexing subscripts. Now, I would like to write another equation with `i` and `j`, but keeping it clear that these are distinct indexes. I would prefer not to have to start going to more esoteric letters (as suggested in response to a related question at math.SE) Is there a font that will allow me to re-use `i` and `j` in two distinct equations?


title: Textbook package compatible with examdoc

text: I really like the `examdoc` class. I almost always use it to create exams, tests, ... However...   I'd like to make a textbook. In it should be several exercises, with (preferably) their solutions in an appendix.   I encounter following problems:   1. I'm using `\documentclass{book}` for the textbook. I'd like to be able to copy-paste questions and solutions to a `\documentclass{exam}`. I already tried to make my own `.sty` file:              \ProvidesPackage{oefeningen}          \newenvironment{questions}{\begin{enumerate}}{\end{enumerate}}     \newcommand{\question}{\item}     \newenvironment{parts}{%     \let\oldpart=\part     \renewcommand{\part}{\item}     \begin{enumerate}}{\end{enumerate}\renewcommand{\part}{\oldpart}}      but that doesn't seem to do the trick... (it doesn't compile and I still don't have a clue how to cope with the solution-environment)   2. I don't know how to display the solutions in a seperate appendix, instead of directly after each question...  I'm quite a newbie on writing classes, packages, or macros but any help will be appreciated. I browsed a lot of forums, too, but imho other answers don't provide the functionality I'd like. (but I'd happily be corrected) sort of mwe: i have this `exam` document:               \documentclass[12pt,a4paper,answers]{exam}          \begin{document}     \begin{questions}     \question Main question goes here     \begin{parts}     \part $1+1=$     \begin{solution}     2     \end{solution}     \end{parts}     \end{questions}     \end{document}      ![what examdoc does](http://i.stack.imgur.com/m1dLl.jpg) what i'd like to do (but what doesn't work!) is something like this:               \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}     \usepackage{exsheets}          \begin{document}          \section{foo}          \question Main question goes here     \begin{parts}     \part $1+1=$     \begin{solution}     2     \end{solution}     \end{parts}          \section{solutions}     %command to display list of solutions, optimally organised by section/chapter          \end{document}      resulting in something like this ![how thinks should look as a textbook](http://i.stack.imgur.com/6bgMC.jpg) This way I'd be able to copy-paste questions to/from textbook to re-use them on exams...


title: Preparing cheat sheets

text: Are there any templates, document classes for preparing cheat sheets? If not, what would make it easy to produce such documents?


title: Typeset one citation with all authors

text: I'm using the `authoryear` style in `biblatex` with the following options name length options:               maxcitenames=1, mincitenames=1, maxbibnames=999, minbibnames=999      So citations (usually issued with `\cite`) are properly typeset with only one author like > Shakespeare et al, The... However I want to typeset a single citation (via `\fullcite`) with all authors listed, eg. > W. Shakespeare, J. Austen and D. Adams, The... How can I _temporarily_ increase the values of `maxcitenames` and `mincitenames`? Or is there another way to typeset only the `\fullcite` citatation with all names?


title: Adding vedic accents in sanskrit in devanagari script in red color using Context - not working in all cases

text: Using the techniques described in Coloring combining characters without changing color of a base character I have been able to color red the vedic accents in sanskrit typesetting using ConTexT MIV. But, the coloring is NOT happening in all cases. For example it is not working in the very first word of the first line - हिर॑ण्यवर्णां॒ - but is working in the second word of fourth line - हिर॑ण्य . How do I fix it? (The font can be any unicode devanagari font that supports the vedic accents such as Siddhanta, Chandas, Sanskrit 2003 etc.)               \definefontfeature [vedic]                  [devanagari-one]                 [goodies=vedic,                        colorscheme=vedic,]            \definecolor[colorscheme:1:1][r=1]       \starttext     \definedfont[name:Siddhanta*vedic at 18pt]     \setupinterlinespace[line=2.8ex]     \setfontcolorscheme[1]     हिर॑ण्यवर्णां॒ हरि॑णीं सु॒वर्ण॑रज॒तस्र॑जाम्।\\     च॒न्द्रां हि॒रण्म॑यीं ल॒क्ष्मीं जात॑वेदो म॒ आव॑ह॥ १॥\\     तां म॒ आव॑ह॒ जात॑वेदो ल॒क्ष्मीमन॑पगा॒मिनी᳚म्।\\     यस्यां॒ हिर॑ण्यं वि॒न्देयं॒ गामश्वं॒ पुरु॑षान॒हम्॥ २॥\\     गं॒ध॒द्वा॒रां दु॑राध॒र्षां॒ नि॒त्यपु॑ष्टां करी॒षिणी᳚म्।\\     ई॒श्वरी॑ꣳ सर्व॑भूता॒नां॒ तामि॒होप॑ह्वये॒ श्रियम्॥ ९॥\\     \stoptext          ::::::::::::::::::::::: VEDIC.LFG :::::::::::::::     -- save as 'vedic.lfg'     return {         name = "vedic",         version = "1.00",         comment = "For coloring vedic accents, last updated on Oct 15, 2013",         author = "Shree Devi Kumar",         colorschemes = {             vedic = {                 [1] = { -- category 1                     0x0951, 0x0952, "0xA8E0:0xA8FF", "0x1CD0:0x1CFF",                 },             }         }     }


title: beamer- change author/speaker in middle of presentation?

text: I will be making a presentation with another speaker (obviously, a co-author on the project). We each have our slides set up with the same template and are ready to merge our halves of the talk together. What I would like to have happen is that the (short) author and institution that appears in the footer of the slides to change away from me and into my coauthor's data when he speaks. Does anyone have any idea of how to do this? Nothing in the user guide is jumping out at me.


title: How to eliminate the space between multiple numeric citations when using citep and natbib?

text: I have a document that is using natbib via the following usepackage command:               \usepackage[numbers,square,comma,sort&compress]{natbib}      When I cite multiple papers using the citep command, I get spaces between each of the numbers. For example, the following citation:               \cite{aldrich05,gudmundson01}      Gives me the following in-text output:               [5, 12]      However, I would like it to read:               [5,12]      Is there a way to accomplish this?


title: When using the accents package: underaccent greek symbol in caption of a table gives error

text: I am using the accents package to place a bar under math symbols. This works very well when using it in equations, and also in normal text (obviously still in the math environment $...$). However, currently I am creating a table with a caption and it does not want to compile. I preferably do not want to use \underbar. * * * **MWE**               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{accents}     \newcommand{\ubar}[1]{\underaccent{\bar}{#1}}          \begin{document}          \begin{table}     \begin{tabular}{c}     a     \end{tabular}     \caption{$\ubar{\pi}$}     \end{table}          \end{document}      * * * First **error** when using PDFTeXify in WinEdt 8.0 and MiKTeX 2.9 (I actually receive 100 errors).               ! Undefined control sequence.     \underaccent #1#2->\begingroup \def \cc@a                                                {#2}\cc@palette \cc@underaccent {#...     1.12 \caption{$\ubar{\pi}$}          The control sequence at the end of the top line      of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have      misspelled it (e.g. `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct      spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,     and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.


title: auto-pst-pdf and TeXstudio under MacTeX

text: I use `pdflatex` to compile source files that contain EPS figures as well as PSTricks. My standard way of handling this is to use `auto-pst-pdf`. I have been using TeXstudio to compile files under Windows with no problem. Recently, I have tried the same under MacTeX 2013 with TeXstudio 2.6.4 with no success and the error message > sh: latex: command not found. I know that `auto-pst-pdf` runs `latex`+`dvips`+`ps2pdf` first, but I do not understand why running `latex` runs into trouble. By the way, TeXShop runs the file with no problem. Minimal Example: This code runs fine under windows (with MikTeX) when I use Winedt or Texstudio. It also runs fine with MacTex if I use Texshop, but gives me errors if I run it with texstudio on Mac. It returns a pdf file that instead of the figure has a blank square in it.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{microtype}     \usepackage{auto-pst-pdf}     \begin{document}     This is a test. The following figure should be processed OK when PdfLaTeX is run.          \bigskip          \includegraphics[width=5in]{fig4.eps}     \end{document}


title: White Horizontal Line Longtables

text: I want to create a table like this. ![Example Table](http://i.stack.imgur.com/CCseK.jpg) So I used xcolor to give alternating colors as this. This is what I got. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/B3LwQ.jpg) Q1 ) Do you know how to generate white vertical rule get the effect shown red ? (I need white borders. I have to keep the tables' size fixed always and have to use may tables like this which goes across the pages.) Q2) Is it possible to center align 2nd column while keeping same width?               \documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}     \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined\else\usepackage{times}\fi     \usepackage[left=1in,top=1in,right=1in,bottom=1in,head=0.5in,foot=0.4in] {geometry}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{float}     \floatstyle{plaintop}     \restylefloat{table}     \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,table]{xcolor}     \usepackage[table]{xcolor}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{longtable}     \definecolor{BackColor}{RGB}{255,245,245}     \definecolor{AnnexColor}{RGB}{220,230,255}     \definecolor{GrayColor}{RGB}{220,220,220}          \let\oldlongtable\longtable     \let\endoldlongtable\endlongtable     \renewenvironment{longtable}{\rowcolors{3}{BackColor}{AnnexColor}\oldlongtable} {     \endoldlongtable}          \begin{document}     \begin{center}     \begin{longtable}{p{4.15in}p{0.85in}}\\     \rowcolor{GrayColor} \textit{\textbf{Link}} & \textit{\textbf{Count}} \\     /AJAX/infotitle.php & 1 \\     /search.php & 1 \\     /artists.php & 1 \\     /product.php & 1 \\     /userinfo.php & 2 \\     /AJAX/infoartist.php & 1 \\     /AJAX/infocateg.php & 1 \\     \end{longtable}     \end{center}     \end{document}      Thanks in advance.


title: Mysterious whitespace around table

text: I've been trying to remove the whitespace around my table 1 but without any luck. I have attached the MWE, can someone please help me to take a look, thanks!                   \documentclass[11pt]{amsart}     \usepackage{geometry}                % See geometry.pdf to learn the layout options. There are lots.     \geometry{letterpaper}                   % ... or a4paper or a5paper or ...      %\geometry{landscape}                % Activate for for rotated page geometry     %\usepackage[parfill]{parskip}    % Activate to begin paragraphs with an empty line rather than an indent     \usepackage{setspace}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{hyperref}     \usepackage{natbib}     \usepackage{booktabs}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage{epstopdf}     \usepackage{subcaption}     \usepackage{array}     \newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}     \newcommand{\specialcell}[2][c]{%       \begin{tabular}[#1]{@{}l@{}}#2\end{tabular}}          \DeclareGraphicsRule{.tif}{png}{.png}{`convert #1 `dirname #1`/`basename #1 .tif`.png}          \title{Brief Article}     \author{The Author}     %\date{}                                           % Activate to display a given date or no date          \begin{document}     \maketitle     %\section{}     %\subsection{}     \doublespacing          As we have obtained topic candidates from Chapter 4, the next step is to evaluate importance of these topics in the news context. We first re-evaluate the topic weights to improve the weighting of long pattern topics, then we calculate the following metrics to evaluate the news score for each topic: \textit{burstiness} to capture the trending characteristic; \textit{sentiment} to indicate public interest level; \textit{Twitter properties} to model different users activity while sharing news related tweet.          \section{Evaluating Topic Weight}     Topic weight represents a topic's importance. In term-based model, topic weights are determined by the average weights of terms contained by the topics. For example, topic weight of a cluster in K-Means clustering is determined by the centroid, which is the geometric center of the term vectors. If a clusterer centroid contains more heavy weight terms, it is an important cluster.          In pattern-based models, topic weights are represented using support, which is the frequency that a pattern appears. However, long pattern topics are suffering from low support while short pattern topics are having much higher support. This uneven  distributions is due to specificity is not taking into considerations, and affect the actual hot topics detection.          There is no doubt that a longer pattern consists more terms is considered to be more specific. Comparing the terms \textit{Moscow Airport Bombing} with \textit{Airport} in Figure \ref{fig:specificexample}, the former is more helpful than the latter as a topic, since it carries more information. However, by calculating support only, it implies that \textit{Airport} is equally important compared with \textit{Airport Bombing} and \textit{Moscow Airport Bombing}. The fact is it is only partially contributing to the understanding of the topic, and the weights need to be adjusted to reduce the effect of short pattern, and increase the distinctive power of long power.          \subsection {1-pattern Weight}          This also satisfy the concept of single tweet only contain single topic, therefore, which means if \textit{Bombing} co-occurred with \textit{Moscow Airport Bombing}, \textit{Bombing} is referring to the particular bombing incident.          which significantly overpower the importance of specific patterns of lower support. The weight of terms therefore needs to be re-evaluated.                In PMM, a $1-pattern$ is a term.  The support for $1-pattern$ is much higher, because a popular and general term can appear in many tweets, and most of it could be non-frequent patterns that was removed during pruning.          During pruning, redundant patterns are removed using closed sequential patterns. Sub-sequences of same support value are removed keeping only sequential patterns of maximum length. This effectively remove sub-pattern which co-occurs with their parent patterns in a single tweet. Topics that are with similar support are further combined together. These similar topics are usually caused by the noise in Twitter and slight variations while composing tweet. However, there are still many scattered patterns that affects topics weighting results and needs to be re-evaluated.                \autoref{fig:specificity} illustrates the problem. Support of \textit{happi} is much higher than support of \textit{moscow}, but \textit{moscow} is more important than \textit{happi}. The term \textit{happi} is a general term and appears in only two frequent patterns. These frequent patterns only contribute to about 30\% of the total support of \textit{happi}, and the remaining comes from other non-frequent patterns.          Oppositely, \textit{moscow} is a more specific term, appears in five frequent patterns that relates to different aspects of the bombing incident. However, support count of \textit{moscow} indicates that it is less important than \textit{happi} since      $support(moscow)$ is much lower than $support(happi)$, even though it is semantically more important.           To address this problem, we adopt an idea similar to Pattern Deployment Method (PDM) used in \citep{wu2006deploy}. PDM considers longer pattern to be more specific and the support of long pattern can be utilized to evaluate support of $1-pattern$. Term weights are evaluated based on the term's appearance in long patterns. This method is more intuitive as it emphasizes the appearance of patterns, and normalize the noisy effect of general terms that do not carry much indicative power.           % Booktabs require to add \usepackage{booktabs} to your document preamble     \begin{table}[h]       \centering     \begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}     \toprule     Tweet & Patterns                \\ \midrule     $d_1$    & \textit{<taco, bell>, <law, suit>} \\     $d_2$    & \textit{<moscow, airport>,<injur>} \\     $d_3$    & \textit{<moscow, airport>, <bomb>} \\     $d_4$    & \textit{<love>, <fridai>} \\     $d_5$    & \textit{<love>, <morning>} \\ \midrule      \end{tabular}     \caption {Example of a set of tweets and its pattern.}     \label{tbl:tweetssample2}     \end{table}          We use \autoref{tbl:tweetssample2} as an example to demonstrate PDM. For each $d \in D$,  we flatten the patterns into a vector represented as:     \begin{equation}         \vec{d} = \{(t_1, n_1), (t_2, n_2), \cdots, (t_m, n_m)\}     \end{equation}          where $(t_m, n_m)$ denotes term vector and $n_m$ is the relative support, which is:          \begin{equation}         support_r(n_{md}) = \frac{1}{\left | \{ t \; | \;  t \in d \} \right |  }     \end{equation}          Therefore, \autoref{tbl:tweetssample2} can be represented using vectors form below:           \begin{equation*}       \begin{aligned}       \vec{d_1} &= \{ (taco,1/4) , (bell, 1/4), (law, 1/4), (suit, 1/4) \}\\[1ex]       \vec{d_2} &= \{ (moscow,1/3) , (aiport, 1/3), (injur, 1/3)\} \\[1ex]       \vec{d_3} &= \{ (moscow,1/3) , (airport, 1/3), (bomb, 1/3) \} \\[1ex]       \vec{d_4} &= \{ (love,1/2) , (fridai, 1/2)\} \\[1ex]       \vec{d_5} &= \{ (love,1/2) , (morning, 1/2)\}\\[1ex]     \end{aligned}     \end{equation*}          The importance of \textit{love} is now significantly reduced, compared to if we represent using absolute support, and weights of other term are distributed fairly based on the information they carry in a sentence. The rationale behind is to assign the right weights to term that play an important role in a pattern, which is more descriptive. The weights of the term $t$ in tweet collection $D$, can be calculated using           \begin{equation}         weight(t) = \sum_{d \in D} support_r(t_d)     \end{equation}          and the final term feature space of $D$ is:          \begin{equation*}       \begin{aligned}         %taco, bell, law, suit &= 1/4 \\         %moscow &= 1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3 \\         %airport &= 1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3 \\         injur,bomb &= 1/3 \\          love &= 1/2 + 1/2 = 1 \\          fridai, morning &= 1/2 \\       \end{aligned}     \end{equation*}                    \subsection {High Level $n$-Pattern Topic Weight}          Next we will evaluate the topic weight of higher level patterns and address the problem of low support for high level $n-pattern$. By using support, long pattern such as \textit{<moscow, airport>} will have lower support count, as it is more specific. Long-patterns are also more restrictive and rarely used in spam tweets and when it is used, users do referring to the actual content.          From the same example (\autoref{tbl:tweetssample2}), high level pattern \textit{<taco,bell>}, \textit{<law,suit>} will have a support of one, but they are more important pattern than \textit{injur} and \textit{bomb} since they contain more information.           On a tweet level, in $d_2$, \textit{<moscow,airport>} are considered equally important with \textit{injur}. It is statistically correct but semantically, we consider \textit{<moscow, airport>} more important than \textit{injur} as it carries more information.                To address this problem, we calculate the weight of a long pattern again using the flatten vector form          \begin{equation}         \sum\limits_{t \in termset(p)}{support_r(t)}     \end{equation}     %** define termset     %** support_r (termset)                         \section {Burstiness}     Topic weights can only help to estimate           Finding trending topics from microblogs is challenging due to the large amount of information. Relying on frequent appear keywords is not always reliable as it can be easily affected by popular users' activity. Twitter used to rely on frequency count to capture trending topic without considering the ``hotness'' of a topic which causes always popular terms such as \textit{``lady gaga''} and \textit{``justin bieber''} to dominate the trending chart consistently\footnote{http://mashable.com/2010/05/14/twitter-improves-trending-topic-algorithm-bye-bye-bieber/}.           One way to measure the \textit{hotness} of a topic is to measure the burstiness of a topic. Many of the methods of capturing bursty topics are influenced by the idea of \citep{berg2003bursty}, which detects sudden rising in frequency of a stream. \citet{berg2003bursty} models the incoming stream using infinite-state automaton, where bursts are considered as state transitions.           Similar idea is used here in our news detection. Not all topic with high support are news related, and in some topics or hashtags such as \textit{love} will appear frequently. News topics are a particular kind of topics that display \textit{``bursty''} characteristics.           Burstiness calculation can only differentiate quiet topic or topic that display a flat characteristic so overly quiet or overly popular terms are filtered. However, non-news related content can also trigger substantial message volume over specific time periods, to be mistaken as a bursty topic. We will need to further differentiate between news related and non news-related topics, using additional information.          Given the volume of messages, it is not cost effective to perform state detection like method from\citep{berg2003bursty} or using probabilistic method to consistently perform sampling like the one used in \citep{diao2012bursty}. There are also chances for topics that are geographically sensitive to appear as bursty due to the time difference. For instance, users from Australia starts to tweet about \textit{\#tgif} when American users discussed it 12 hours later.            In order to capture such a bursty feature, to model it, we will have to define a numerical value that represent the burstiness. Different from other approaches that utilize peak finding \citep{marcus2011twitinfo}, we require an algorithm that can quickly compute the burstiness. This can be represented by calculating the number of instances that is significantly higher than the average frequency. In our model, we are looking at the dataset using daily observation, and the burstiness is measured for every hour. If a topic has significant increase of tweets amount, compared to average of the past three hours, it is considered bursty. The burstiness of a topic every hour can be calculated using the following equation:          \begin{equation}     Burst(c) = \frac{|coverset(c_j)|}{\sum\limits_{k=j-3}^{k=j-1}|coverset(c_k)|}     \end{equation}          where notation $c_j$ and $c_k$ denotes the count of tweets for a particular hour.                                   \section {Sentiment Score}     While burstiness is widely used in event detection, it does not always present in all news event. Burstiness can only shows a topic's popularity from volume perspective, and over use of burstiness might lead to low recall \citep{li2012twevent, ozdikis2012semantic, agarwal2012local}.           Sentiments is another feature we can use to detect interest level. It has been used in many microblog applications such as entertainment, politics and economics \citep{shamma2009,bollen2011}. We can utilize this property to differentiate topics that attracts public attention and less interesting content. As seen in \autoref{fig:sentiexample}, during the 2011 Egyptian riot, people actively participating in the discussion.          \autoref{fig:sentiexample} also shows that sentiment is a key indicator in news topics \citep{kawai2007fair}. For example, a topic as like \textit{``protest at tahrir square''} is likely to contain negative articles that will create sad sentiment for readers; where topic like \textit{``release hostage in Iraq''} will create happy sentiment. This will directly reflect in tweets, where users actively express their opinions. The short nature of tweets allows reader  and have even stronger feeling towards sentiments expressed in a topic \citep{bermingham2010brevity}.                  One particular sentiment analysis technique that suits Twitter is the sentence level analysis. Tweets can be considered as a sentence for its short length. The brevity nature of tweets allows a shallow parsing method to be sufficient for sentiment analysis. \citep{bermingham2010brevity}          We adopt lexicon method as the sentiment analysis method in our model. Lexicon method is a unsupervised approach that analyze content sentiments without manual supervision. It extracts opinionated term and estimates the sentiment orientation and strength based on a dictionary. The dictionary contain lexicons is constructed by human experts who assign tokens with affective content.          For this purpose we use Wilson lexicons from the Multi-perspective Question Answering (MPQA) project \citep{Wilson2005}. Wilson lexicon is the core of OpinionFinder \citep{wilson2005opinionfinder}, a sentiment analysis tool designed to determine opinions in general domain.           Wilson lexicon provides a list of subjective words, each annotated with its degree of subjectivity. As shown in~\autoref{tbl:wilsonlexicon}, sentiment lexicon is annotated with polarity(positive, negative) and strength (weak, strong). We assign a score with a step of 0.5 for to indicate the difference between each sentiment level.          % Booktabs require to add \usepackage{booktabs} to your document preamble     \begin{table}[h]     \centering     \begin{tabular}{@{}lllr@{}}     \toprule     Polarity & Strength & Examples & Score \\ \midrule     Positive & Weak    & \textit{achievements, dreamy, interested, reputable, warm}         & 0.5   \\     Positive & Strong  & \textit{awesome, breathtaking, charming, promising, wonderful}          & 1.0     \\     Negative & Weak    & \textit{assault, bankrupt, breakdown, unlawful, weak.}              & -0.5  \\     Negative & Strong  & \textit{absurd, brutal, frustrated, horrible, remorse.}         & -1.0    \\                \bottomrule     \end{tabular}     \caption {Sentiment terms example from Wilson lexicon list and score}     \label{tbl:wilsonlexicon}     \end{table}          As shown in \autoref{tbl:examplesenti}, sentiment score $s_d$ for a tweet $d$ is calculated using the sentiment words $w_i$ in the tweet:          \begin{equation}         s_d = \frac{\sum w_i}{\left | d \right |}     \end{equation}          and the aggregated sentiment score $Senti$ for a topic $c$ can be calculated using:          \begin{equation}         Senti(c) = \frac{ \sum\limits_{d \in coverset(c)}s_d}{|coverset(c)|}     \end{equation}                    % Booktabs require to add \usepackage{booktabs} to your document preamble     \begin{table}[h]       \centering       \begin{tabular}{@{}p{13cm}>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}c@{}}     \toprule     \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Tweet}}                                                                                & \textbf{$s_d$} \\ \midrule     Celebration for University of Manchester Nobel prize 2010 winners                                                    & 0.272              \\ \hline     BREAKING: Rahm Emanuel files motion to STAY Illinois Appellate Court ruling with Illinois Supreme Court. Will file appeal with court TUES. & 0.214              \\ \hline     David Cameron: ``No Fears'' Phone Was Hacked. Hmmmm funny that. Wonder why?                                                                  & 0.167              \\ \hline     Egyptians Defiant as Military Does Little to Quash Protests                                                     & -0.350             \\ \hline     Deadly Blast at Moscow's Main Airport Seen as Terror Attack                                                      & -0.228             \\ \hline     Thousands Protest Against Jordanian Govt \#egypt                                                             & -0.210 \\               \bottomrule     \end{tabular}     \caption{Example of sentiment calculation}     \label{tbl:examplesenti}     \end{table}                    \section {Twitter Properties}          So far, we have managed to re-evaluate topic weight and measure the trends characteristic and public interest level. Yet, these information can only show a certain pattern that a topic demonstrates, but does not indicate whether a topic is news relevant.          Noise is a well-known problem in tweets and severely increase the difficulty to judge news relevance. It has been reported that 14\% of tweets are spam \citep{yardi2009detecting} and only 3.6\% of tweets are news related, which means we have to combat with 96.4\% of noise. In this context, irrelevant topics can be noise such as \textit{<shit, lol>} or just personal topic like \textit{happy, dai}.          We define news relevance by relying on the news media, therefore if a news are reported by two media outlets, we can say that it was considered important by at least two editors, who are professionally trained to decide news relevance.          To further address the problem, we resort to using Twitter properties to address the problem. Twitter properties have been shown in many studies to be useful and play an important role to indicate tweet importance.                      \subsection{Hashtags}          Here we provide some analysis of hashtags. The distribution of hashtags follow a long-tail distribution.          Hashtags present a collaborative view on what is news. For news related topics, users actively take the effort to assign label to tweets, as they see the value in doing this which can increase the searchability of the tweets, and contribute to the topic.          Hashtags are used widely to represent topic. In a news topic, the hashtags will display a characteristic as display in Figure x.          \autoref{fig:topichashtags} shows the number of hashtags used during various topics.              \subsection {Urls}          One primary use of Twitter is to share and distribute information and this function is limited by the length limit. To overcome the limit, users start to include url in tweet to include external information. The widely spread url receive higher attention and represent popular information \citep{cui2011are-the-urls}.          Compared with hashtags, url is simpler as most of the news relevant tweet only contain one Url, and multiple users can include the same Url and not necessarily retweeting each other \citep{galuba2010outtweeting}. Url can be considered as a good signal as it is language independent. The only issue while processing Url in tweet is that Url always embedded in tweet using a shortening service that turns long Url into short version. For instance, \textit{http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12289475} is shortened to \textit{http://bbc.in/dT5AIM} using \textit{bit.ly}\footnote{http://bit.ly} Url shortening service. The solution of this problem is to expand all shortened Url to its original form.          Url in tweets is also a good indicator for content interestingness. A study from Microsoft even shows that tweets that contain Url alone as a feature can be used to detect tweets that might be interested to wide audiences \citep{alonso2010unintesting}.                One key observation is that we want to measure the spread of Url in a topic. Some topics have the tendency to be coming from spammer or advertising topics, such as horoscope or weather forecast. Another type of redundancy is to tell people to go to the same website. To address this redundancy, we measure the unique Urls from non-retweeted tweets, since retweet users can re-use the Url. The Url score can then be calculated using:          \begin{equation}         RT(c) = \frac{|d_r \in coverset(c)|}{| coverset(c)|}     \end{equation}          \subsection {Retweets}          Retweet is undeniable the most complex features among the three main Twitter properties. It can be as simple as adding a "RT" just right in front, if the space allowed, sometimes user will retweet and add in their own content.           Retweet is an indicator of tweet popularity \citep{phuvipadawat2010}, and this characteristic is carried over / extended to topic level.          The main characteristic/usage/use of Retweet is to amplify and spread tweets to new audiences.          The number of retweets for a tweet is definitely a measure to indicate tweet' popularity, and also the tweet writer's popularity.           From a topic point of view, if a topic contain more retweets, it shows that the topic is popular.               The retweet score $RT$ of a topic $c$ can then be calculated using the ratio of retweets to all tweets, using the following equations:     \begin{equation}         RT(c) = \frac{|d_r \in coverset(c)|}{| coverset(c)|}     \end{equation}          This ratio intuitively captures the organic representation that shows how many of the retweets contributes to the popularity of a topic.          \section {News Relevance Scoring}          As we are only interested in evaluating the topics that are relevant to news, from the content perspectives. Other Twitter features such as following and follower, verified users, they are all information used to validate the credibility \citep{castillo2011credibility}. Our focus is to find out topics that are news relevant, and we argue that even if it is not credible, the users will still need to be informed about the rising of such topic, then follow up to perform credibility validation. Also, there are also incident where verfied and credible users account can be exploited to disseminate false information\footnote{http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/23/tech/social-media/tweet-ripple-effect/}.          Now we have obtained all the necessary information which describe the content(topic weight), context (burstiness, sentiments) and Twitter properties (hashtags, urls, retweets) to represent topic characteristic, each topic can then be scored using the following linear equation:          \begin{equation}     news(c) = \alpha \cdot  Topic(c) + \beta \cdot (Senti(c) + Burst(c)) + \theta (HT + UR + RT)     \end{equation}          \section{Chapter Summary}     \label{sec:summary}          Each different feature plays a role in terms of deciding the newsworthiness, but there is no clear distinction that which feature perform better than the others when it comes to deciding the news topics score.           Next in the evaluation chapter, we will evaluate the performance of PMM. The model itself is tested using well established retrieval techniques, to test the robustness of using pattern as a feature. Then we will test the topics detection and news identification, and determine which of the properties mentioned in this chapters are more significant.                 This chapter presents a model to address the problem of identify potentially news break topics from microblog. We built an logistic regression model based on a set of training data consist of news topics of various nature, and identify the coefficients for importance of individual feature.          The deployed terms carry informative properties adered to patterns which contain them, compared to term-based methods like TF-IDF, the values are much more expressive rather than just independent terms calculation, without any relation to other terms or patterns, or relative measurement about its strength.            The key importance of our approach is that we do not require a model to be trained everytime. Our model are trained based on a set of tweets selected from various topics. In the evaluation, we show that our model works well in both pre-label class and in the case no pre-defined class.              The sentiment analysis approach is a unsupervised approach, which considers each tweet as a sentence and perform sentence level analysis using a well-known popular lexicon, Wilson Lexicon MPQA) and we demonstrated how to use lexicon-based sentiment analysis for microblog.             In this study,  sentiment analysis uses the prior polarity lexicon subjectivity clue in Wilson lexicon list. The prior polarity lexicon of Wilson list is out of context. However, a word may have different polarity within different context.                  Sentiment analysis is the task of identifying positive and negative opinions, emotions, and evaluations ~\citep{wilson2005opinionfinder}. It judges an entity in the dimension of positivity or negativity. On the other hand, emotion analysis of text goes beyond positive-negative dimension to discrete emotion categories like happiness, sadness etc. Text-based mood analysis that is a sub-problem of sentiment and opinion mining have many potential applications identified in \citep{Pang2008}. However, text-based mood analysis poses a lot of challenges beyond standard text analysis such as text classification and clustering. emotion analysis will be our future challenge and will be explored.              \end{document}        ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/tVthG.png)


title: Matrix gauss package problem with alignment

text: So far I am using the gauss document package, because it offers to show row operations. Now If i try to add fractions inside the matricies, or - signs things gets messy... The text will not align vertically. Although I have found a semifix for this, is there a cleaner and easier way? So far a minimal example looks like this               \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}     \usepackage{gauss}     \usepackage{mathtools}     \newcommand{\m}{\llap{-}}     \begin{document}          \begin{align*}     \intertext{Wrong} \\     X\begin{gmatrix}[b]       - 1 &         0     &     1 \\         1 &   \frac{3}{4} &     0 \\         3 &         1     &  -  1          \end{gmatrix}         \\         (a)     X\begin{gmatrix}[b]        - 1 &   0 &     1 \\          1 &   1 &     0 \\          3 &   1 &  -  1      \end{gmatrix}     \end{align*}     \\     Almost correct     \\     \begin{align*}     X\begin{gmatrix}[b]     \; \m 1 &         0     &      1 \\     \;    1 &   \frac{3}{4} &      0 \\     \;    3 &         1     &  \m  1      \end{gmatrix}     \\     (a)     X\begin{gmatrix}[b]     \;  \m 1 &   0 &      1 \\     \;     1 &   1 &      0 \\     \;     3 &   1 &  \m  1      \end{gmatrix}     \end{align*}     \\     Another example \\     \\     \begin{align*}     &\begin{gmatrix}[b]     1 &   2 &      -3     & 4 \\     3 &  -1 &       5     & 2 \\     4 &   1 &   (a^2-2)   & a+4      \rowops     \add[-3]{0}{1}     \add[-4]{0}{2}     \end{gmatrix}     && \sim &&      \begin{gmatrix}[b]     1 &   2 &       -3      & 4 \\     0 &  -7 &       14      & -10 \\     0 &  -7 &   (a^2+10)    & a-12      \rowops     \add[-1]{1}{2}     \mult{1}{-\cdot \frac{1}{7}}     \end{gmatrix} \\     &\begin{gmatrix}[b]     1 &  2 &      -3      & 4 \\     0 &  1 &      -2      & \frac{10}{7} \\     0 &  0 &   (a^2-4)    & a-2     \rowops     \add[-2]{1}{0}     \end{gmatrix}      && \sim &&      \begin{gmatrix}[b]     1 &  0 &       1      & \frac{8}{7} \\     0 &  1 &      -2      & \frac{10}{7} \\     0 &  0 &   (a^2-4)    & a-2     \rowops     \mult{2}{\cdot \frac{1}{a^2-4}}     \end{gmatrix}     \\     &\begin{gmatrix}[b]     1 &  0 &       1      & \frac{8}{7} \\     0 &  1 &      -2      & \frac{10}{7} \\     0 &  0 &       1      & \frac{a-2}{a^2-4}     \rowops     \add[2]{2}{1}     \add[-1]{2}{0}     \end{gmatrix}     && \sim &&     \begin{gmatrix}[b]     1 &  0 &  0    &  \frac{1}{7} \frac{8a+ 9}{a+2} \\     0 &  1 &  0    &  \frac{2}{7} \frac{5a+17}{a+2} \\     0 &  0 &  1    &   \frac{1}{a+2}     \end{gmatrix}         \end{align*}         \end{document}      Any better ways to do this? I also think this is a tedious way to write matricies... I have to perhaps write 25-50 of these a week


title: I need same label to repeat 3 times in bar chart tikz

text: \begin{figure}     \centering     \begin{tikzpicture}         \begin{axis}[             ybar,             ymin=0,             width  = 12cm,             height = 5cm,             bar width=20pt,             ylabel={number of participants},             nodes near coords,      %      nodes near coords align=below, % places labels inside bars             symbolic x coords={wells,leemput,wang, proposed,wells,leemput,wang, proposed,wells,leemput,wang, proposed},             xtick = data,             enlarge y limits={value=0.2,upper},             legend pos=north west         ]         \addplot[fill=blue] coordinates {(wells, 1) (leemput, 2) (wang, 3) (proposed, 4) (wells, 4)(leemput, 2) (wang, 3) (proposed, 4)(wells, 4)(leemput, 2) (wang, 3) (proposed, 4)};          \addplot[fill=red] coordinates {(wells, 3) (leemput, 2) (wang, 8) (proposed, 4)(wells, 4)(leemput, 2) (wang, 3) (proposed, 4)(wells, 4)(leemput, 2) (wang, 3) (proposed, 4)};           \legend{1\%, 5\%)         \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}               \end{figure}


title: table footnotes get printed on the previous page in landscape mode

text: I have a table with footnotes in it in on a landscape page (using \landscape). There seems to be enough room but the footnotes get printed on the page before the table. I use savenotes to display the footnotes as described here: http://texblog.org/2012/02/03/using-footnote-in-a-table/


title: Citation colour vs parentheses colour

text: I have used Audrey's code to cite something of the form: `\citet[p.~42]{smth}`. This code is excelent if someone wants to have the parentheses affected as well. Now, I ask if it is possible to have the parentheses with another color. For example I would have preferred it to be black. A minimal script for replication and possible change is the following:               \documentclass[hidelinks,12pt]{article}     \usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}     \usepackage{colortbl, tcolorbox}              \usepackage[sectionbib, sort]{natbib}      \usepackage{chapterbib}     \usepackage{etoolbox}          \definecolor{darkred}{rgb}{0.5,0,0}     \definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}     \definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0,0,0.5}      \definecolor{dark-red}{rgb}{0.4,0.15,0.15}          \usepackage[hyperfootnotes = true]{hyperref}      \hypersetup{colorlinks,                      linkcolor=red,                                     filecolor=darkgreen,      urlcolor=darkred,      citecolor=blue}          % Audrey's code starts     \makeatletter           % include postnote and \citet closing bracket in hyperlink     \pretocmd{\NAT@citex}{%       \let\NAT@hyper@\NAT@hyper@citex       \def\NAT@postnote{#2}%       \setcounter{NAT@total@cites}{0}%       \setcounter{NAT@count@cites}{0}%       \forcsvlist{\stepcounter{NAT@total@cites}\@gobble}{#3}}{}{}     \newcounter{NAT@total@cites}     \newcounter{NAT@count@cites}     \def\NAT@postnote{}          % include postnote and \citet closing bracket in hyperlink     \def\NAT@hyper@citex#1{%       \stepcounter{NAT@count@cites}%       \hyper@natlinkstart{\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}#1%       \ifnumequal{\value{NAT@count@cites}}{\value{NAT@total@cites}}         {\ifNAT@swa\else\if*\NAT@postnote*\else%          \NAT@cmt\NAT@postnote\global\def\NAT@postnote{}\fi\fi}{}%       \ifNAT@swa\else\if\relax\NAT@date\relax       \else\NAT@@close\global\let\NAT@nm\@empty\fi\fi% avoid compact citations       \hyper@natlinkend}     \renewcommand\hyper@natlinkbreak[2]{#1}          % avoid extraneous postnotes, closing brackets     \patchcmd{\NAT@citex}       {\ifNAT@swa\else\if*#2*\else\NAT@cmt#2\fi        \if\relax\NAT@date\relax\else\NAT@@close\fi\fi}{}{}{}     \patchcmd{\NAT@citex}       {\if\relax\NAT@date\relax\NAT@def@citea\else\NAT@def@citea@close\fi}       {\if\relax\NAT@date\relax\NAT@def@citea\else\NAT@def@citea@space\fi}{}{}          \makeatother     % End of Audrey's code          \bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,~}             \title{My title}     \author{My name}


title: How to get DVI files vs PDF files when using pstricks, aquamacs, and mactex

text: My setup is generating DVI output vs PDF when using pstricks with Aquamacs 2.3a and MacTex 2011 Simple latex files will create pdf files as expected from inside aquamacs and auto view in skim. When using .tex files with PS graphics, the only file that gets generated is DVI. Via command line the file correctly converts to PDF with dvipdf. A just previous setup with same .tex file was auto generating PDF's fine by setting the --shell-escape in the latex customization in Aquamacs. Both Tex Live (MacTex) and Aquamacs were updated, but I suspect issue with Aquamacs settings. What are the changes to Aquamacs to get back to automatically working scenario. Old (working) from previous setup was                 This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.11 (TeX Live 2010) (format=pdflatex 2010.7.21)  18 SEP 2011 10:08     entering extended mode      \write18 enabled      %&-line parsing enabled.     **\input test.tex      New settings that will only produce DVI               This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.3-1.40.12 (TeX Live 2011) (format=latex 2011.7.3)  7 OCT 2011 09:44     entering extended mode     restricted \write18 enabled.      Source specials enabled.      %&-line parsing enabled.     \pdfoutput=0  \input test.tex


title: How can I increase the width of the document?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  beamer: frame without decorations, with custom margin I want increase the width of the document. I have to put four images in one slide. Two in one row each, because of which the images are coming small. How to go about it? Have used the following code to display images:               \begin{frame}[plain]     \vcenteredhbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,height=5cm,keepaspectratio]{pc3.jpg}}     \vcenteredhbox{\includegraphics[width=5cm,height=5cm,keepaspectratio]{pc4.png}}      \end{frame}


title: Latex to HTML using Pandoc

text: I have a bunch of tutorials I have written and they are written in Latex. Now I want to convert them to HTML and to Blogger also. I heard about Pandoc and decided to try it. Below are my results : My original latex file : https://github.com/abidrahmank/OpenCV2-Python- Tutorials/blob/master/thresholding/threshold.tex HTML created from that file : https://github.com/abidrahmank/OpenCV2-Python- Tutorials/blob/master/thresholding/threshold.html Below is the command I used to create HTML :               pandoc -s  --listings --latexmathml threshold.tex -o threshold.html      **Problem 1 :** If you check the HTML file, you can see there are some latex labels and parameters printed out near images and equations. How to avoid that? **Problem 2 :** There is no **code highlighting**. How can I add code highlighting in HTML? **Problem 3 :** When I copied this HTML to blogger, it doesn't work. How can I create a **blogger friendly HTML** file using Pandoc. **Problem 4 :** Is there any other better option other than Pandoc ?


title: Using imported font with XeLaTeX - several latin letters for one font symbol

text: I am importing a custom font that I made into my document, and compiling it using XeLaTeX. Let's call the font "MyFont" for sake of argument.               \documentclass{article}     \font\myfont="MyFont" at 12pt     \begin{document}          {\myfont Hello, world!}          \end{document}      So the result is the character associated with "H" is displayed first, then the character associated with "e", etc. Since this specific font is actually an approximation of an ancient runic script, the displayed characters have some analogies to sounds in English, but not always of a single letter. For instance, one letter sounds something like the English amalgamation "ngh", and some just like "a". As such, I would like to be able to type `{\myfont a{ngh}}` and have only two symbols appear. I'm using curly brackets around the "ngh" to show that that is one symbol in the imported font, but it could be any other delimiter. The symbols are approximations of one, two, or three english letters. Any help in this direction is appreciated!


title: psbarcode results in bar codes of different rotation on linux vs. windows environments

text: I'm using `psbarcode` to generate a `code39` bar code and I've encountered something odd, which I wondering if someone can shed some light on. I'm using a combination of LaTeX and Velocity.               \begin{pspicture}         %\psbarcode[rotate=90]{${workTicketId}}{includetext height=0.375}{code39} % Windows environment         \psbarcode{${workTicketId}}{includetext height=0.375}{code39} % Linux environment     \end{pspicture}      Of the above two lines, the first one _Windows environment_ , which is currently commented out - I found that I had to rotate the bar code by 90 degrees in order for it to appear horizontal, but that same code would result in a vertical bar code on a Linux environment when compiled. The second line, _Linux environment_ , removing the rotation resulted in a bar code that was horizontal on a Linux environment, but a vertical environment when compiled in a Windows environment. Now, I can code around the differences, but I would like to know if anyone else has encountered this before or if anyone has a reason for this behavior, and ideally I rather not code around the different operating systems if possible. The follow are the packages included in my `.tex` file:               \usepackage[a4paper, landscape, margin=0.25in]{geometry}     \usepackage{graphicx}     \usepackage{multirow}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage{pst-barcode}     \usepackage{auto-pst-pdf}     \usepackage{xparse}     \usepackage{seqsplit}     \usepackage{array}     \usepackage{longtable, tabu}     \usepackage{fancyhdr}     \usepackage{multicol}     \usepackage[english]{babel}     \usepackage{xstring}     \usepackage{tikz}


title: probsoln custom numbering of questions

text: I want to change the numbering of exam questions using probsoln. At the moment it just starts each question directly beneath each other and numbering it as a list. I want it to look something like this: **Question : Vraag 1** Whatever the question may be. **Question : Vraag 2** Another question etc Here is the code I have been using, but can't get it to change the numbering at all:               \documentclass[a4paper]{report}     \usepackage{probsoln}          \loadallproblems{prob-easy}     \showanswers          \begin{document}          \begin{enumerate}       \foreachproblem{\item \thisproblem}     \end{enumerate}               \end{document}     \endinput      Would appreciate any help!


title: TexMaker autoinstall via MiKTeX

text: I have the similar problem like mentioned in miktex does not autoinstall via texmaker but somehow I am lost. Texmaker is installed. When I launch the MiKTeX-Package Manger on Windows 8 via mpm then I can somehow follow the first steps of the above link. The manager installs the packages but in TexMaker no auto-install feature :( I remeber, that I clicked during installation on auto-install-without further asking - but don't know if this is the main problem. Could anybody give me pointer how to solve this problem?


title: How does one draw a cylindrical shell in tikz

text: I am trying to illustrate the disk and shell methods for computing the volume of solids of revolution. I was able to use the following code to create a typical approximating disk when the revolution is about the x-axis. I am stuck on how to create a typical approximating shell when the same region is revolved about the y-axis. How might I achieve this?               \documentclass[12pt]{article}     \usepackage{tikz}     \begin{document}         \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,>=latex,x=1.5cm,y=0.8cm]             \fill[fill=green,opacity=0.5] (1,0) -- plot[domain=1:4] (\x,{sqrt(2*(\x)+1))}) -- (4,0);             \fill[fill=green,opacity=0.5] (1,0) -- plot[domain=1:4] (\x,{-sqrt(2*(\x)+1))}) -- (4,0);             \draw[-,thick,domain=-.2:4.5,samples=100] plot (\x,{sqrt(2*(\x)+1))}) node[right] {\footnotesize $y=f(x)$};             \draw[-,thick,domain=-.2:4.5,samples=100] plot (\x,{-sqrt(2*(\x)+1))});             \draw[fill=gray!50] (4,0) circle [x radius =.2 , y radius =3];             \draw[fill=gray!50] (1,0) circle [x radius =.2 , y radius =1.732050808];             \draw[fill=red!40] (2.3,0) circle [x radius =.2 , y radius =2.449489743];             \fill[red!40] (2.3,-2.449489743) rectangle (2.7,2.449489743);             \draw[fill=red!40] (2.7,0) circle [x radius =.2 , y radius =2.449489743];             \draw (2.3,2.449489743) -- (2.7,2.449489743);             \draw (2.3,-2.449489743) -- (2.7,-2.449489743);             \draw[<->] (2.3,-2.6) -- (2.7,-2.6) node[below, midway] {\footnotesize $\Delta x$};             \draw[<->] (2.9,0) -- (2.9,2.449489743) node[right, midway]  {\footnotesize $R$};             \draw[->,thick] (-1,0) -- (5,0) node[above] {\footnotesize $x$};             \draw[->,thick] (0,-5) -- (0,5) node[below right]{\footnotesize $y$};             \draw[-] (1,3pt) -- (1,-3pt) node[below] {\footnotesize $a$};             \draw[-] (4,3pt) -- (4,-3pt) node[below] {\footnotesize $b$};         \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}


title: using hyperref package when have only one appendix

text: I would like to have a text as "... (see Appendix)" where the word "Appendix" is a crossref and I have only one appendix. In the name of Appendix section, I want it to be shown as "Appendix: Appendix title". How can I get that? I've tried the command `\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}` but it gave the referenced name back to the last section before the Appendix, e.g., "... (see Section V)" if I use [see + autoref] or "... (see Appendix V)" if I use [see + Appendix + ref].


title: GitHub-like punchcard with the help of pgfplots

text: Is it possible to create a punchcard so it will look like the same on GitHub with the help of `pgfplots`? The data stored in `punchcard.dat`:               0 Monday 18     1 Monday 67     2 Monday 62     <hour> <day> <commits>


title: Conflict between ifpdf, pdfpages, and auto-pst-pdf

text: I want to have a centred title page for my twoside report document and I am following these instructions: Centered title page in twoside report Here is a minimum (not) working example:               \documentclass[twoside]{report}          \usepackage{auto-pst-pdf}     \usepackage{pdfpages}     \usepackage{ifpdf}          \ifpdf       \usepackage{tikz}     \else       \usepackage{pst-eucl}     \fi          \begin{document}          \includepdf{pdf-sample.pdf}          \tableofcontents          \newpage          \chapter{Introduction}          This is content.          \end{document}      But the first page appears to be blank. As soon as I remove either `\ifpdf...` or `\usepackage{auto-pst-pdf}`, the title page appears in my document. I use `pdflatex --shell-escape` for compiling. Unfortunately, I need both options for my document. Any help how to work around this problem will be appreciated.


title: Glossary entry not displayed in list

text: Is there any option to make a glossary entry not to appear in the glossaries list? I want it to be in the text and behave as glossary/acronym, but I don't want it to be displayed in the list index. Thanks


title: From LaTeX to PDF/A

text: I have noticed that my PDFs (which I compile from LaTeX using `PdfTexify` on Windows 7 in `MikTeX 2.9` with `WinEdt`) sometimes do not render properly on `Mac OS X` (e.g. the contents of some figures may not render) or on other platforms (e.g. on the `iPad` which uses `iOS`). I have read that `PDF/A` can help with this, and in fact, in the past, I have converted my PDFs to `PDF/A` using `Adobe Acrobat Pre-Flight`, and this solved the rendering problems. However, I am now working on a new file, and when I try to use **Adobe Acrobat Pre-flight** to convert my PDF to **PDF/A** , I get several conversion errors. I don't remember having conversion errors in the past, and I am not sure how to fix them. Below is an example of a report from `Adobe Acrobat Pre-Flight` for my current document: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Rr5v8.png) This brings me to the following closely related questions:   * How can I generate a PDF that is `PDF/A` compliant when compiling a LaTeX document using PdfTexify?    * Does the LaTeX community have any recommendations about how to approach this process?   * In what PDF standard does `PdfTexify` generate files by default?


title: Using ampersand symbols (&) instead of the word "and" for bibliography style apa

text: My supervisor just came with an idea to use the ampersand in citations and bibliography, so e.g.               Smith and Watson (1992)      should become               Smith & Watson (1992)      How can I make it work with bibtex and bibliography style apa?


title: \lstinputlisting will not continue to next page

text: So I have this LaTeX snippet:               \section{Appendix}     \listoffigures     ...     \begin{center}     \begin{figure}     \caption{MacroCell with 8 AND Gate Arrays}     \lstinputlisting[language=VHDL,numbers=left,breaklines=true,basicstyle=\footnotesize, float=h]{macrocell8.vhd}     \end{figure}     \end{center}     \pagebreak      I use this template to display my code all the time, but sometimes it will not continue to the next page and centered. I tried many different ways, and sometimes if I move the `\end{figure}` this it works, but today neither worked...:               \section{Appendix}     \listoffigures     ...     \begin{center}     \begin{figure}     \caption{MacroCell with 8 AND Gate Arrays}     \end{figure}     \lstinputlisting[language=VHDL,numbers=left,breaklines=true,basicstyle=\footnotesize, float=h]{macrocell8.vhd}     \end{center}     \pagebreak


title: Undefined control sequence }

text: Latex compile my code and it's kinda ok, but I don't understand an error it gives me This is part of my code that doesn't work               \documentclass[paper=a4, fontsize=12pt]{scrartcl}           \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}      \usepackage{fourier}      \usepackage[english]{babel}     \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amsthm}           \usepackage{enumerate}          \begin{document}          \section*{Exercise 1}          \textit{Let $(\Omega, \varepslion, \mathbb{P})$      be a probability space, and take $\mathcal{F}(\cdot)$      to be a filtration of $\sigma$-algebras.      Assume X be an integrable random variable, and define      $X(t):=\mathbb{E}(X|\mathcal{F}(t))$ for times $t \geqslant 0$.      Show that  $X(\cdot)$ is a martingale.      }          \end{document}      Latex (I'm using latexian on mac) give me an error in the last line (the parenthesis } )telling "undefined control sequence". I really can't understand why it doesn't work. If I erase the }, it doesn't give me any error (but the preview tell me "error view console") I used this code other times (same thing, different worlds in \textit{}) and always worked fine.


title: Chapter heading at the right-hand side

text: I want a specific chapter heading as in the picture below (Chapter heading at the right-hand side, but section heading at the left-hand side) Can you help me? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/na6VO.png)