title: Flowframe not moving to next page

text: I tried to extend this flowframe to next page which is not happening. Even tried defining page numbers [1-2], still compiler is not aligning the text. I need the flow continue over next page. It is restricting me to single page               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     % Document properties and packages     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     \documentclass[a4paper,12pt,final]{memoir}          % misc     \renewcommand{\familydefault}{bch}  % font     \pagestyle{empty}                   % no pagenumbering     \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}         % no paragraph indentation               % required packages (add your own)     \usepackage{flowfram}                                       % column layout     \usepackage[top=1cm,left=1cm,right=1cm,bottom=1cm]{geometry}% margins     \usepackage{graphicx}                                       % figures     \usepackage{url}                                            % URLs     \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor}                    % color     \usepackage{multicol}                                       % columns env.         \setlength{\multicolsep}{0pt}     \usepackage{paralist}                                       % compact lists     \usepackage{tikz}          %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     % Create column layout     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     % define length commands     \setlength{\vcolumnsep}{\baselineskip}     \setlength{\columnsep}{\vcolumnsep}          % frame setup (flowfram package)     % left frame     \newflowframe{0.2\textwidth}{\textheight}{0pt}{0pt}[left]         \newlength{\LeftMainSep}         \setlength{\LeftMainSep}{0.2\textwidth}         \addtolength{\LeftMainSep}{2\columnsep}     % right frame     \newflowframe{0.7\textwidth}{\textheight}{\LeftMainSep}{0pt}[main01]          % horizontal rule between frames (using TikZ)     \renewcommand{\ffvrule}[3]{%     \hfill     \tikz{%         \draw[loosely dotted,color=RoyalBlue,line width=1.5pt,yshift=-#1]          (0,0) -- (0pt,#3);}%     \hfill\mbox{}}     \insertvrule{flow}{1}{flow}{2}               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     % define macros (for convience)     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     \newcommand{\Sep}{\vspace{1.5em}}     \newcommand{\SmallSep}{\vspace{0.5em}}          \newenvironment{AboutMe}         {\ignorespaces\textbf{\color{RoyalBlue} About me}}         {\Sep\ignorespacesafterend}          \newcommand{\CVSection}[1]         {\Large\textbf{#1}\par         \SmallSep\normalsize\normalfont}          \newcommand{\CVItem}[1]         {\textbf{\color{RoyalBlue} #1}}               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     % Begin document     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     \begin{document}          % Left frame     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     %     % Upload your own photo using the files menu     \begin{figure}         \hfill         \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{cv-photo.png}         \vspace{-7cm}     \end{figure}          \begin{flushright}\small         Johnathan S. Doe \\         \url{jdoe@email.com}  \\         \url{www.website.com} \\         (555) 555-3333     \end{flushright}\normalsize     \framebreak               % Right frame     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     \Huge\bfseries {\color{RoyalBlue} John Doe} \\     \Large\bfseries  Graphics designer \\          \normalsize\normalfont          % About me     \begin{AboutMe}     Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vel bibendum metus. Proin rutrum pharetra molestie. Cras sollicitudin nulla nec leo lobortis in tristique purus pretium. Ut eu felis nulla. Pellentesque condimentum justo ut ligula feugiat nec facilisis tellus ultricies. Nullam sit amet dictum ipsum. Sed lacus neque, hendrerit eu rhoncus nec, pellentesque vitae sem.     \end{AboutMe}          % Experience     \CVSection{Experience}     \CVItem{May 2010 - present, Lorem ipsum}\\     Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vel bibendum metus. Proin rutrum pharetra molestie. Cras sollicitudin nulla nec leo lobortis in tristique purus pretium. Ut eu felis nulla.     \SmallSep          \CVItem{Aug 2007 - Feb 2010, Vivamus vel}\\     Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vel bibendum metus.     \Sep          % Education     \CVSection{Education}     \CVItem{2010 - present, Lorem ipsum dolor}\\     MSc. Lorem ipsum, Cras sollicitudin     \SmallSep          \CVItem{2007 - 2010, Lorem ipsum dolor}\\     MSc. Lorem ipsum, Cras sollicitudin     \SmallSep          \CVItem{2005 - 2007, Vivamus vel bibendum}\\     Proin rutrum pharetra molestie. Cras sollicitudin nulla nec leo lobortis in tristique purus pretium. Ut eu felis nulla.     \Sep          % Skills     \CVSection{Skills}     \CVItem{Platforms}     \begin{multicols}{3}     \begin{compactitem}[\color{RoyalBlue}$\circ$]         \item Lorem          \item Ipsum      \end{compactitem}     \end{multicols}     \SmallSep          \CVItem{Computer software}     \begin{multicols}{3}     \begin{compactitem}[\color{RoyalBlue}$\circ$]         \item Lorem          \item Ipsum          \item Dolor          \item Sit          \item Amet         \item Consectetur          \item Adipiscing          \item Elit         \item \ldots     \end{compactitem}     \end{multicols}     \Sep           % References     \CVSection{References}     References upon request.          %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     % End document     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     \end{document}


title: \LaTeX command does not work in times font

text: \documentclass[]{article}          \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{uhv}     \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{utm}     \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{ucr}          \begin{document}          \LaTeX          \end{document}      I get the following messages               name = utmr8r, rootname = utmr8r, pointsize = mktexmf: empty or non-existent rootfile!          Cannot find font utmr8r in map file(s).          kpathsea: Running mktexmf utmr8r.mf The command name is C:\texlive\2012\bin\win32\mktexmf Cannot find utmr8r.mf . I try ps2pk --> gsftopk --> ttf2pk --> hbf2gf. ps2pk cannot be used.     I try gsftopk. gsftopk.exe utmr8r 420 gsftopk cannot be used.     Next I try ttf2pk. ttf2pk.exe -q utmr8r 420 ttf2pk failed.     Finally I try hbf2gf. hbf2gf.exe -q -p utmr8r 420 All trials failed.      kpathsea: Running mktexpk --mfmode / --bdpi 600 --mag 0+420/600 --dpi 420 utmr8r     The command name is C:\texlive\2012\bin\win32\mktexpk kpathsea: Appending font creation commands to missfont.log.      How to solve this?


title: PGFPlots: How to shift the values read from the file

text: I have a plot that reads the values from a file. Now I want to shift the values in the file. Is it possible with builtin methods of PGFPlots? I want something like the shift function:               \begin{tikzpicture}         \begin{axis}[                     width=\textwidth,                     height=8cm,                     xlabel={$t~[s]$},                     ylabel={$u$},                     legend entries={a,b},                     ymin=-10,                     ymax=10,                     enlarge x limits=false         ]              \addplot+[shift={(-10,5)}] file {data.dat};         \end{axis}       \end{tikzpicture}


title: Onecolumn till end of page in twocolumn mode

text: I know about using the `widetext` environment for setting text in onecolumn mode and the `multicols` package for effortless switching between one- and twocolumn mode, but I think this is not too great if the onceolumn text is very close to the bottom of the page. I'd like to put some text in onecolumn mode and have latex format the remainder of the page in onecolumn mode if the initial text is close to the bottom of the page. Have a look at this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/QAiet.png) Note that the text _after_ the CKM matrix (which is set in onecolumn-mode) is set in onecolumn mode, which I think is very pleasing to the eye.   Is there any solution to my question? PS: Another solution I've been thinking about would be a float-like math environment which could be set with the `b` option but I'd fear the possibility that it floats to the next page.


title: Using \footnotemark / \footnotetext trick for \footnote in \caption removes footnote number

text: I had the issue of having two footnotes appear in `\caption` in a `figure`-environment. Fortunately, this answer (Using \footnote in a figure's \caption) provided a solution. My code is as follows:               \begin{figure}       \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}       \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{ReportMenu}       \caption[The report submenu]{Each of the pre-defined reports appear as a menu item in the \textbf{Reporting} submenu.  Some installations have custom reports made special by Innovative for them, and only appears on installations that request it.  ``Report queue'' is the only item not a report,\footnotemark{} while ``Fleet statistics'' is a special report for fleet handling and only available for installations with the fleet module.  In this example, all available (at writing) custom reports appear, none of which have been translated into English as they are designed for Danish and Norwegian installations.  These custom reports will not appear on new installations.}       \footnotetext{Since iv2.9e, another item for report scheduling has appeared underneath the report queue and is also not a report.}       \label{fig:menu}       \end{minipage}     \end{figure}      Which yields the following result: ![Picture of print result](http://i.stack.imgur.com/mqkgd.png) You'll notice that while the `5` for the inline note appears (this is correct at this point in the document), it does not appear the footnote itself. How do I make the number (re-)appear on the footnote itself without having to manually force it? I have a feeling I have missed something obvious.


title: Help with formatting list of equations font size

text: I have used this: http://www.latex-community.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=428 to make a list of equations in my LaTeX document, but the "list of equation" formatting is different from the LOF and LOT formatting. Does anyone know how to change the formatting of the list of equations?


title: Quick build options in Texmaker

text: I'm working with Texmaker 4.1 and Miktex 2.9. My document consists of 4 files, 3 section tex-files and 1 main tex-file. When working in the sections it always upsets me that I have to change the view to the main file to get the document build. So my question is if there is a way to configure one of the user defined quick build options in Texmaker so that when hitting the button my main tex-file is build and not the one which is shown. Thank


title: Write glossary entries without abbreviation if they only appear once

text: I find the glossaries package very useful for defining acronyms and then have LaTeX worry about when to write out the full name and acronym (the first time it appears), and subsequently only the acronym. I would, however, like one additional feature: the option to print only the full name (without the acronym) if the term appears only once. I would like this to be done automatically, since I usually do not know which terms I will only mention once beforehand. As an example, the code snippet               \Gls{SEM} is an analysis technique, and so is \gls{xps}. \Gls\{XPS} ...      Should render the following text: Scanning electron microscopy is an analysis technique, and so is X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS ... assuming that the glossary entries were defined earlier in the document. The imporant point is that `\Gls{SEM}` does not render any (SEM) after the full definition, since it is only used once. Can that be done?


title: How to find out where additional lines fit in?

text: I am often confronted with the need of fitting in more content into an already quite crammed document. Given that LaTeX automatically stretches spaces to beautifully and optimally fill the pages, I find it sometimes hard to locate where additional lines might fit in. Are there some tips on how to locate stretched spaces that might be exploited, possibly a package that colors the difference between the minimum space required and the stretch-space added automatically? Other tips are also welcome.


title: how to use random theme in the beamer class

text: I think it is very cool , push your favorite theme in a list , and use a random theme when your compile the file. is there a simple solution here?


title: apacite: suppress initials intext when using apa class

text: I was able to duplicate Alan's code and made the citations work exactly as shown here. But, because I am using [man]apa class, it overrides what I have saved to the bapcite file in my local/texmf/bibtex/bst. As a result, my citations still have the extra-initial issue. Is there a solution for my problem? Any input will be appreciated!


title: Wedged/tapering paths in TikZ

text: ## Initial question Is there an easy way to vary the thickness of a path along its length to create a wedge (for instance, to create a stereochemical cue)? e.g. _cis_ -cyclohexane-1,2-diol, drawn in ACD/ChemSketch. ![cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol](http://i.stack.imgur.com/F04qS.png) The `expanding waves` decorator looks perfect for receding bonds, but there is no listed equivalent for approaching bonds. ## Playing with expanding waves decorator Based on the thread that Jake linked, I had a look at variables that can be tweaked with the `expanding waves` decorator. I don't think the current PGF/TikZ manual explicitly mentions it, but the `expanding waves` decorator has a `segment length` variable, as used in this example - setting it to my linewidth of 0.4 pt yields a solid wedge. ![cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol](http://i.stack.imgur.com/86YU1.png) As Jake points out, this is the Wrong Way to approach this problem for performance reasons.


title: Boolean algebra

text: \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}     \usepackage{graphics}     \begin{document}     \begin{center}     \textbf{\LARGE BOOLEAN ALGEBRA}\\[20pt]     \textbf{\large PROJECT}\\[15pt]     \end{center}     \large Submitted to the  University of Kerala in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree  of    Bachelor of  Science.\\     \begin{center}     \Large in\\     \Large Mathematics\\[50pt]     \Large By\\     \end{center}     \textbf{\large ASWATHY J  \hfill 22011100ffg004}\\     \textbf{\large DEEPA S.  \hfill 220111t62387900027}\\     \textbf{\large JAYAI J.S  \hfill 22011106789-0032}\\     \textbf{\large SREEJA L  \hfill 22011100044}\\     \textbf{\large  LAKSHMI V  \hfill 220434550047}\\     \textbf{\large reshma  \hfill 2201115670049}\\     \begin{center}     \textbf{\large Exam Code:22010602}\\[15pt]     Under the Guidance of  Smt. SEBINA Assistant Professor,  All hjsadkh College Trivandrum\\[35pt]     \textbf{\Large ALL GFGHJHJ COLLEGE}\\     \textbf{\large Thiruvananthapuram}\\     \large 2014\\[200pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \textbf{\LARGE CERTIFICATE}     \end{center}     {\large This  is   to  certify   that  project  entitled     \textquoteblleftBOOLEAN  ALGEBRA\textquoteblright is   based   on   the   work  carried   out  by   Aswathy  J,   Deepa S  ,  Jayai J S,   Sreeja L,    Lakshmi V, reshma   under  the   guidance    of    Smt. Sebina ,  Assistant  Professor   in  Mathematics, All gfgujhyhgh's  College,  Thiruvananthapuram and no part   of   this   work   has    formed   the   basis  for  the  award  of  any  degree   or   diploma  to any  other  university.}\\[25pt]     {\large {2014,March 17 \\ Thiruvananthapuarm}}\\[10pt]     {\large Head of the Department}\\[10pt]     {\large Teacher in charge:}\\[500pt]     \begin{center}     \textbf{\LARGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT}     \end{center}      We are deeply indebted to my superior Smt.SEBINA,Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics ,All hjjhgjh College,  Thiruvananthapuram, for her inspiring guidance and constant help throughout the preparation of this project work.I also thank all other teachers of All Saint's College for providing  us all necessary facilities to carry out this work. We also extend  our thanks to all our friends who helped us in one or other way to carry  out this work.\\[35pt]     \begin{flushright}     \Large  ASWATHY J \\     \Large DEEPA S\\      \Large JAYA J.S\\     \Large  SREEJA L\\     \Large   LAKSHMI  V\\      \Large  reshma\\[350pt]     \end{flushright}               \begin{center}     \textbf{\LARGE CONTENTS}\\[30pt]     \end{center}      1.\Large Introduction\\     2.\Large Logic Gates\\     3.\Large Basic Gates\\     4.\Large More about Logic Gates\\     5.\Large Universal Gates\\     6.\Large Boolean Operation\\     7.\Large Basic Postulates of Boolean Algebra\\     8.\Large Principle of Duality\\     9.\Large Basic Theorems\\     10.\Large Demorgans Theorem\\     11.\Large Rules for Boolean Algebra\\     12.\Large Applications\\     13.\Large Bibliography\\[300pt]                                             \begin{center}     \textbf {\LARGE INTRODUCTION} \\[20pt]     \end{center}     {\large Boolean  Algebra  is  a   mathematical  system  of  logic  expressing  truth functions  as  symbols . These  symbols  are  manipulated  to  arrive  at  a  conclusion.  George   Boole  developed  this  branch  of  mathematics  in  his  book   \textquoteblleftAn Investigation  Of  The  Laws  Of  Thoughts\textquoteblright,  now   known  as  Symbolic  Logic. This  provided  the  basic  logic  for  operations  on binary  numbers.  It  predicted  the  modern  developments  in  abstract  algebra  and   mathematical  logic.  It  was  applied  to switching  circuits  with immense success . Today, it forms the backbone of digital electronics.\\[10pt]In Boolean Algebra, there are only two logic variables. These two logic variables are constants within the boolean system and are represented by 0 and 1. As the logic variables have only two states, it is natural to represent  them by either 0 or 1. For instance, the electric lamp has only two  states,either ON or OFF. The ON state is represented by 1 and  OFF state by 0. Similarly, a variable which has two states of either  true or false can be described as true=1 and false=0. In the student records of a college, sex can be denoted by the logic variable X as X=1 for male and X =0 for female. It may be noted that Boolean values of 1 or 0 donot have numerical significance but denote the logic state only.}\\[320pt]     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE LOGIC GATES}\\[10pt]     \end{center}     {\large A gate is a digital circuit (logic circuit) with one output and one or more inputs, an output signal occuring only for certain combinations of input signals .It is conventional to represent the inputs by the first letters of the alphabets in capital letter ; A,B etc and output by X,Y etc . Thus the circuit follows a certain logical relationship between the input and the output.\\[10pt] The operation of the gate is based on Boolean Algebra . Boolean algebra is the backbone of the binary system. Boolean algebra has the advantage of being simple , speedy and accurate.\\[10pt] A Boolean function can be viewed as the description of particularv logic circuit having several inputs and one output.Such a circuit can be produced by Boolean polynomials of the type:r.s,r+s,r',etc.Logic diagrams for such polynomials can be one way of constructing a circuit having same description as boolean function under consideration . Thus,logic diagrams of these polynomials represent alternative methods for constructing the desired circuit in terms of logic gates.\\[10pt]In logic diagrams,gaqtes are represented by symbols and inputs and output by arrowed lines labelled by letters.The following are gates symbols with their names which are used in the switch theory. }\\[100pt]     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE BASIC LOGIC GATES}\\[20pt]     \end{center}     \Large A Gate is simply an electronic circuit which operates on one or more signals to produce an output signal.The most common logic gates are AND,OR and NOT gates.\\[20pt]     1.  The OR gate[logical addition]\\[20pt]     For an OR gate there can be two or more inputs and an output. A and B are the inputs and Y is the output. Boolean expression for OR gate is     \begin{center}     A+B=Y     \end{center}     which reads A or B equals Y. The concept of addition should not be associated with the indicated symbol(+).  This equation conveys only ideas and not numbers. The logic gate symbol of the OR gate is shown in the figure.\\[90pt]     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{orgate99.jpg}\\[50pt]     \end{center}     The truth table of OR gate is:      \begin{center}     \includegraphics{orgate5.jpg}\\[50pt]     \end{center}     \Large 2.  The And gate [logical multiplication]\\[20pt]     \Large For an And gate there are two or more inputs and output ; A and B are the inputs and Y is the output .     Boolean expression for AND gate is A.B or AB=Y ,which reads A and B equals Y. The logic gate symbol of AND gate is shown in figure.\\[60pt]     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{orgate6.jpg}\\[40pt]     \end{center}     The truth table of AND gate is:      \begin{center}     \includegraphics{orgate7.jpg}\\     \end{center}     \Large 3.  The NOT gate [logical negation]\\[20pt]     It is a circuit that has only one input and one output variable. In the simplest form, it consists of a switch A connected parallel to the output Y . An output is obtained only for LOW level of the input.An output is NOT  obtained for HIGH level of the input. It is a simple input gate for which the output is always the complement of the input. Conplement of 1 is Zero and that of zero is 1. The complement of A is denoted by $ A' $or $\bar{A}$. Logic gate symbol for NOT gate is shown in figure.\\     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{orgate8.jpg}\\[50pt]     \end{center}     The truth table of NOT gate is:      \begin{center}     \includegraphics{orgate9.jpg}\\     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE MORE ABOUT LOGIC GATES}\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \large Logic gates perform basic logical functions and are the fundamental building blocks of digital integrated circuits. Most logic gates take an input of two binary values, and output a single value of a 1 or 0. Some circuits may have only a few logic gates, while others, such as microprocessors, may have millions of them.\\[10pt]          \large In the following examples, each logic gate except the NOT gate has two inputs, A and B, which can either be 1 (True) or 0 (False). The resulting output is a single value of 1 if the result is true, or 0 if the result is false.     \begin{itemize}     \item XOR - True if either A or B are True, but False if both are True     \item NAND - AND followed by NOT: False only if A and B are both True     \item NOR - OR followed by NOT: True only if A and B are both False     \item XNOR - XOR followed by NOT: True if A and B are both True or both False. \\      By combining thousands or millions of logic gates, it is possible to perform highly complex operations. The maximum number of logic gates on an integrated circuit is determined by the size of the chip divided by the size of the logic gates. Since transistors make up most of the logic gates in computer processors, smaller transistors mean more complex and faster processors.     \end{itemize}     \begin{enumerate}      \item The NOR gate\\[20pt]     The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is  \textquotebllefttrue\textquoteblright if both inputs are  \textquoteblleftfalse\textquoteblright . Otherwise, the output is  \textquoteblleftfalse\textquoteblright .The NOR (Not - OR) gate has an output that is normally at logic level  \textquoteblleft1\textquoteblright and only goes  \textquoteblleftlow\textquoteblright to logic level  \textquoteblleft0\textquoteblright when ANY of its inputs are at logic level  \textquoteblleft1\textquoteblright. The Logic NOR Gate is the reverse or  \textquoteblleftComplementary\textquoteblright form of the OR gate.     \end{enumerate}     \includegraphics{boolean88.jpg}      $\Longleftrightarrow$\\     \includegraphics{prijitha1.jpg}\\[6pt]     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE TRUTH TABLE}\\[6pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{truthtable.jpg}\\[40pt]     \end{center}     2. The NAND gate\\[10pt]     It is an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.NAND gate is inverted AND gate. The boolean expression of NAND gate is$ Y=\bar{AB} $.We read it as Y equals A AND B compliment.It's symbol is:\\[15pt]     \includegraphics{picture2.jpg}      $\Longleftrightarrow$\\     \includegraphics{boolean8.jpg}     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE TRUTH TABLE}\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \includegraphics{truthtable1.jpg}\\     3. The XOR gate\\[20pt]     The XOR ( exclusive-OR ) gate acts in the same way as the logical \textquotebllefteither/or\textquoteblright. The output is  \textquotebllefttrue\textquoteblright if either, but not both, of the inputs are  \textquoteblleftTrue\textquoteblright.The output is  \textquoteblleftFalse\textquoteblright  if both inputs are  \textquoteblleftfalse\textquoteblright or if both inputs are  \textquoteblleftTrue\textquoteblright . Another way of looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the same.\\[20pt]     \noindent The XOR gate is a special logic gate used to realise the addition of bits. It is a combination of two NOT gates and one OR gate .The block diagram of XOR gate is as shown.\\[20pt]     \includegraphics{DocP111.jpg}\\      $\Longleftrightarrow$\\[30pt]     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{boolean68.jpg}\\[40pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE TRUTH TABLE}\\     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{project2.jpg}\\[40pt]     \end{center}     4. The XNOR gate(Exclusive NOR gate)\\[20pt]     The \lqExclusive-NOR\rq gate circuit does the opposite to the XOR gate . It will give a false output if either, but not both, of its two inputs are true.  The symbol is an EXORgate with a small circle on the output .  The small circle represents inversion.\\[30pt]     It is a combination of XOR  gate and NOT gate.The output of this gate is the compliment of the output of the XOR gate.In this the output is high when both inputs are alike and is low when the inputs are unlike.\\     \includegraphics{boolean61.jpg}     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE TRUTH TABLE}\\     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{truthtable2.jpg}\\[40pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE UNIVERSAL GATES}\\[20pt]     NOR gate and NAND gate  are together called universal gates.This is because they are combinations of the three basic logic gates and all other gates can be realised from these two gates. \\[30pt]     A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need to use any other gate type. The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates. In practice, this is advantageous since NAND and NOR gates are economical and easier to fabricate and are the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families. In fact, an AND gate is typically implemented as a NAND gate followed by an inverter not the other way around. Likewise, an OR gate is typically implemented as a NOR gate followed by an inverter not the other way around. \\[70pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE  BOOLEAN OPERATION}\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \large Boolean addition and multiplication are described by the rules given below.Since there are only two variable 0 and 1,rules for boolean addition are:     \begin{center}     \begin {align*}     0+0&=0\\     0+1&=1\\     1+0&=1\\     1+1&=1\\     \end{align*}     \end{center}     \large Boolean multiplication follows the rules of binary multiplication     \begin{center}     \begin{align*}     0*0&=0\\     0*1&=0\\     1*0&=0\\     1*1&=1     \end{align*}     \end{center}     \large Boolean operators combine binary digits to yield a single digit. The basic operators AND,OR,NAND and NOR. The operator NOT complements the boolean variable\\[20pt]     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE BASIC POSTULATES OF  BOOLEAN ALGEBRA}\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \large Boolean algebra,being a system of mathematics ,consists of fundamental laws that are used to bulid a workable framework upon which are based on the theorems of boolean algebra .These fundamental laws are known as Basic Potulates of Boolean Algebra .These postulates state basic relation in boolean algebra ,that follows:     \begin{enumerate}     \item If $A \neq 0$,then$ A=1$;\\     and If $A\neq1$,then $A=0$.     \item OR Relation (Logical addition)     \begin{center}     \begin {align*}     0+0&=0\\     0+1&=1\\     1+0&=1\\     1+1&=1\\     \end{align*}     \end{center}     \item AND Relation (Logical multiplication)     \begin{center}     \begin{align*}     0*0&=0\\     0*1&=0\\     1*0&=0\\     1*1&=1     \end{align*}     \end{center}     \item Complement Rules     \begin{center}     \begin{align*}     \bar{0}&=1\\     \bar{1}&=0\\     \end{align*}     \end{center}     \end{enumerate}     \begin{center}     \LARGE{\textbf{PRINCIPLE OF DUALITY}}\\[15pt]     \end{center}     \quad \quad \quad \quad This is a very important principle used in Boolean algebra.\, This states that  Boolean relation can be derived by     \begin{enumerate}         \item Changing each OR sign (+) to an AND sign (.).\\         \item Changing each AND sign (.) to an OR sign (+).\\         \item Replacing each 0 by1 and each 1 by 0.\\     The derived relation using duality principle is called \textit{duality of original expression}.\\     For instance,we take postulates (2 )related to logical addition,which states     \begin{enumerate}         \item 0 + 0 = 0\\         \item 0 + 1 = 1\\         \item 1 + 0 = 1\\         \item 1 + 1 = 1\\     Now,working according to these guidelines,+ is changed to . and 0's are replaced by 1's, these become     \begin{enumerate}     \item 1 . 1 = 1\\         \item 1 . 0 = 0\\         \item 0 . 1 = 0\\         \item 0 . 0 = 0\\     \end{enumerate}     \end{enumerate}     \end{enumerate}     which are nothing but same as that of postulates (3) related to logical multiplication.\, So i.,\,ii.,\,iii.,\,iv. are the duals of (a),\,(b),\,(c),\,(d).\,  \\[10pt]     \begin{center}     \LARGE{\textbf{BASIC THEOREMS}}\\[15pt]     \end{center}     \quad \quad \quad \quad Basic postulates of Boolean algebra are used to define basic theorems of Boolean algebra that provide all the tools necessary for manipulating Boolean expressions.\, Although simple in appearance,these theorems may be used to construct the Boolean algebra.\\     \begin{enumerate}     \item \Large{Properties of 0 and 1}\\     \begin{enumerate}         \item 0 + A = A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     0&A&Y\\     \hline     0&0&0\\     0&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     where Y signifies the output.\, As A can  have either 0 or 1 (postulate 1) both the values ORed with 0 produced the same output as that of A.\\     \item 1 + A = 1\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     1&A&Y\\     \hline     1&0&1\\     1&1&1\\     \hline     \end {tabular}     \end{center}     A can have values 0 or 1.\, both the values (0 and 1) ORed with 1 produced the output as 1.\\      Therefore,\,1 + A = 1 is a \textit{tautology}.\\     \item 0 . A = 0\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \quad \, As both the possible values of A (0 and 1) are to be ANDed with 0.\\[30pt]     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     0&A&Y\\     \hline     0&0&0\\     0&1&0\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     Both the values of A (0 and 1) when ANDed with produced the output as 0.\\Therefore, 0 . A = 0is a \textit{fallacy}.     \item 1 . A = A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \quad \, Both the possible value of (0 and 1) are to be ANDed with 1.\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     1&A&Y\\     \hline     1&0&0\\     1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     Now,both the values (0 and 1) when ANDed with 1 produce the same output as that of A.     \end{enumerate}     \quad \quad Here, properties (b) and (c) are duals of each other and properties (a) and (d) are duals of each other.       \end{enumerate}                          \Large{ 2. Indempotence Law}\\[5pt]         \quad\quad\quad\quad This law states that              (a)  A + A = A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \quad As A is to be ORed with itself only,we will prepare truth table with two possible values of A (0 and 1).      \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&A&Y\\     \hline     0&0&0\\     1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     (b)  A . A = A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \quad Here A is ANDed with itself with possible value of A (0 and 1).\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&A&Y\\     \hline     0&0&0\\     1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}          \quad \quad (a) and (b) are duals of each other.\\                \Large{ 3. Involution}\\[5pt]         \quad\quad\quad\quad This law states that         $(A')'$ = A     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&$A'$&$A'$\\     \hline     0&1&0\\     1&0&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad First column represents possible value of A,second column represents complement of A $(A')$ and the third column represent complement of$ A'$ $((A')')$ which is same as that of A.\\     \quad\quad\quad This law is also called \textit{double inversion rule}.                               \Large{ 4. Complementarity Law}\\[5pt]         \quad\quad\quad\quad This law states that\\          (a)  A+$(A')$=1\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&$A'$&A+$A'$\\     \hline     0&1&1\\     1&0&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad Here,in the first column possible values of A have been taken,second column consist of$ A'$ values,A and$ A'$ values ORed and the output is shown in third column.\\      (b) A.$A'$=0\\     Proof:\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&$A'$&A.$A'$\\     \hline     0&1&0\\     1&0&0A\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad A.$A'$=0,as it holds true for both the values of A.\\          \quad \quad\quad Here A.$A'$=0 is dual of A+$A'$=1. Changing (+) to (.) and 1 to 0,\\we get A.$A'$=0                               \Large{ 5. Commutative Law}\\[5pt]         \quad\quad\quad\quad This law states that\\          (a) A+B=B+A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&B&A+B&B+A\\     \hline     0&0&0&0\\     0&1&1&1\\     1&0&1&1\\     1&1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad Therefore,A+B and B+A are identical.\\     (b)  A.B=B.A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&B&A.B&B.A\\     \hline     0&0&0&0\\     0&1&1&1\\     1&0&1&1\\     1&1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad Therefore,A.B and B.A are identical.\\                                                   \Large{6. Associative Law}\\[5pt]         \quad\quad\quad\quad The associative laws of addition and multiplication in Boolean algebra are similar to those of ordinary algebra.\,They are stated as follows\\          (a) A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C\\[20pt]     Proof:\\       \quad The laws states that ORing or ANDing of several variables give the same result regardless of the grouping of the variables.\,The law of addition applied to OR gates.\\      \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&B&C&B+C&A+B&A+(B+C)&(A+B)+C\\     \hline     0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\     0&0&1&1&0&1&1\\     0&1&0&1&1&1&1\\     0&1&1&1&1&1&1\\     1&0&0&0&1&1&1\\     1&0&1&1&1&1&1\\     1&1&0&1&1&1&1\\     1&1&1&1&1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad\quad\quad Compare the columns A+(B+C) and (A+B)+C,both of these are identical.\\[20pt]     (b)  A.(B.C)=(A.B).C\\[40pt]     Proof:\\[20pt]     The law of multiplication applied to AND gates.\\[70pt]     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&B&C&B.C&A.B&A.(B.C)&(A.B).C\\     \hline     0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\     0&0&1&0&0&0&0\\     0&1&0&0&0&0&0\\     0&1&1&1&0&0&0\\     1&0&0&0&0&0&0\\     1&0&1&0&0&0&0\\     1&1&0&0&1&0&0\\     1&1&1&1&1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad\quad\quad Compare the column A.(B.C) and (A.B).C,both of these are identical.\\          \, Since,rule (b) is dual of rule (a).                \Large{ 7. Absorption Law}\\[5pt]         \quad\quad\quad\quad According to this law\\          (a) A+AB=A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \begin{center}     TRUTH TABLE     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}     \hline     A&B&AB&A+AB\\     \hline     0&0&0&0\\     0&1&0&0\\     1&0&0&1\\     1&1&1&1\\     \hline     \end{tabular}     \end{center}     \quad\quad\quad Column A and A+AB are identical.\, Also it can be proved      algebraically as,\\     \begin{align*}     L.H.S.&=A+AB\\           &=A(1+B)\\           &=A.1 [putting (1+B)=1]\\         &=A\\             &=R.H.S.     \end{align*}     (b) A(A+B)=A\\[2pt]     Proof:\\     \quad\quad\quad However, we are giving the algebraic proof of this law,     \begin{align*}     L.H.S.&=A(A+B)\\           &=A.A+AB\\                 &=A+AB\\                 &=A(1+B)\\                 &=A.1\\                 &=A\\                 &=R.H.S.     \end{align*}          \quad \quad\quad\quad Since,rule (b) is dual of rule (a).\\[30pt]     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE DEMORGAN'S THEOREM}\\[40pt]     \end{center}     \Large One of the most powerful identities used in Boolean algebra is Demorgan's theorem . Augustes Demorgan have paved the way to Boolean algebra by discovering these two theorems . They relate the sums and products of complements.\\[20pt]     \begin{center}      \Large  Demorgan's first theorem states that the complement of a sum is equal to the product of the complement.\\[20pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     ie,$ \overline{A+B}=\bar{A}.\bar{B}$\\[20pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{picture45.jpg}     \end{center}      $\Longleftrightarrow$\\     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{picture6.jpg}     \end{center}     \Large Demorgan's second theorem states that the complement of a product is equal to the sum of the complement\\     \begin{center}     $\overline{A.B}=\bar{A}+\bar{B}$\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{picture2.jpg}\\     \end{center}     $\Longleftrightarrow$\\     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{picture7.jpg}\\[50pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE RULES FOR BOOLEAN ALGEBRA}\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \Large The basic rules for manipulating and simplifying Boolean expressions are listed below.\\          \begin {align*}     &1. A+0=A\\     &2. A+1=1\\     &3. A.0=0\\     &4. A.1=A\\     &5. A+\bar{A}=1\\     &6. A.A=1\\     &7. A+A=A\\     &8. A.\bar{A}=0\\     &9.\bar{\bar{A}}=A\\     &10. A+AB=A\\     &11. A+\bar{A}B=A+B\\     &12. (A+B)(A+C)=A+BC\\     \end{align*}          \begin{center}     \textit{\LARGE  APPLICATIONS}\\[40pt]     \end{center}     \Large An important application of Boolean Algebra is in Switching circuit.We can apply the rules of Boole's algebra in switching circuits and can introduce switching algebra as a way to analyse and design circuits by algebraic means in terms of logic gates.The application of Boolean Algebra to circuits provided an actual physical representation for the corresponding symbolic operations.Diagrams depicting the two types of connections and the corresponding operations are as follows:\\         \begin{center}     \Large Parallel connection : X+Y\\[30pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{picture4.jpg}     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \Large Series Connection: X.Y\\[40pt]     \end{center}     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{picture3.jpg}     \end{center}     \Large More complicated circuit with an algebraic equation is as follows:\\     \begin{center}     \includegraphics{picture5.jpg}\\[20pt]     \end{center}     \Large In circuit engineering settings today,there is little need to consider other Boolean Algebras,thus  \textquoteblleftswitching algebras\textquoteblright and \textquoteblleftBoolean Algebra\textquoteblright are often used interchangeably .Efficient implementation of Boolean functions is a fundamental problem in the design of combinatorial logic circuits.Modern electronic design automation tool for VLSL circuits often rely on an efficient representation of Boolean functions known as binary discussion diagram (BDD) for logic synthesis and formal verification.\\     \Large Logic sentences that can be expressed in classical proportional calculus have an equivalent expression in Boolean algebra.Thus,Boolean Logic is sometimes used to denote proportional calculus performed in this way.The problem of determining whether the variables of a given Boolean formula can be assigned in such a way as to make the formula evaluate to true is called the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) and is of importance to theoretical computer science.The closely related model of computation known as a Boolean circuit relates time complexity to circuit complexity.\\[300pt]     \begin{center}     \textbf{\LARGE BIBLIOGRAPHY}\\[35pt]     \end{center}      1.Computer Science +2 Text  \----   Sumita Arora\\      2.Modern Digital Electronics(4th edition)  \----  R.P Jain\\      3.Computer Organisation(4th edition)  \----  V Carl HAMACHER\\      4.Discrete Mathematics  \----    J.k. Sharma\\     5.Complimentory Physics  \---- k.M.Vargheese\\     6.Internet\\                         \end{document}


title: Undefined color error, if have symbol in Chapter Title

text: I am getting an `Package xcolor Error: Undefined color 'RED'` if I use a red symbol in the Chapter title. In the MWE below, commenting the last `\chapter` results in an error. There seems to be no problem with the Second Chapter title containing the red symbol, as the example as is below produces correct results. Problem only shows up in the subsequent chapter.               \documentclass{book}          \usepackage{xcolor}     \newcommand{\SymbolInRed}{$\textcolor{red}{\times}$}          \begin{document}     \chapter{First Chapter}     \chapter{Second Chapter\SymbolInRed}     %\chapter{Third Chapter}% Undefined color 'RED' if uncomment this.     \end{document}      I have been using this for a while now and have had not problems. I recently changed the header/footer to contain the chapter title using `\leftmark` and started having this problem so thought it was related to that. But with this example I can reproduce the problem without that.


title: Problem with an environment definition

text: I know it is an easy and quite specific request but I've been on it all day and I cannot really understand what's wrong!               \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[italian]{babel}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage{amssymb,amsthm,mathtools}     \usepackage{amsmath, textcomp}     \usepackage{titling}          \theoremstyle{definition}     \newtheorem{Gcal}{Grande Caloria \textit{Cal} o \textit{kcal}}[section]     \theoremstyle{definition}     \newtheorem{Pcal}[Gcal]{Piccola Caloria \textit{cal}}     \theoremstyle{definition}     \newtheorem{CalS}[Pcal]{Calore Specifico}          \begin{document}          \chapter{1}     blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah      \chapter{2}     \section{2.1}     blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah           \begin{itemize}     \itemsep0em     \item[] \begin{Gcal}         blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah           \end{Gcal}         \item[] \begin{Pcal}             blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah                     \end{Pcal}         \end{itemize}              blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah           \begin{CalS}     blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah       \end{CalS}          \end{document}      Errors Report   1. ! LaTeX Error: No counter 'Pcal' defined. See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. Type H for immediate help. ... l.22 \newtheorem{CalS}[Pcal]{Calore Specifico} Your command was ignored.   2. ! LaTeX Error: Environment CalS undefined. See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. Type H for immediate help. ... l.45 \begin{CalS} Your command was ignored. Type I to replace it with another command, or to continue without it. ! LaTeX Error: \begin{document} ended by \end{CalS}. See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. Type H for immediate help. ... l.47 \end{CalS} Your command was ignored.   3. ! LaTeX Error: \begin{document} ended by \end{CalS}. See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. Type H for immediate help. ... l.47 \end{CalS} Your command was ignored. Can someone explain what did I do wrong? Why only the third enviroment gives problem even if I've copyed/pasted them all?


title: How can I change the style of two-cells?

text: How can I change the style of a two-cell? Take the following minimal example:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage[all,cmtip,2cell]{xy}     \UseTwocells          \begin{document}          $\xymatrix@C+1pc{C \rtwocell<4>  & D}$          \end{document}      There will be a downward double arrow in the middle of the diagram. How can I change its style? Say, to be a zigzag arrow. What I mean is, if it was a normal arrow in xypic, I would change its style like this: `\ar@{~}[d]`.


title: biblatex footcite author and title

text: I need a footcite that returns: 1) Author: last name all capitalized-first and medium name only the first letter capitalized. In this order: last name comma space first name dot. 2) Title: First letter of first word capitalized. All others words lower case. Here is my tex file:               \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}     \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{ae}     \usepackage{amsmath}     \usepackage{amsfonts}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage[style=verbose-ibid, natbib=true, isbn=false]{biblatex}          \bibliography{juridico.bib}     \usepackage[brazilian]{babel}     \usepackage{textcomp}     \usepackage{setspace}     \usepackage[a4paper,left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2.5cm,bottom=2.5cm]{geometry}     \renewcommand*{\mkibid}{\emph}     \date{}     \author{José Eduardo da Costa\\Juiz de Direito(SP)\\Doutor em direito pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo}     \title{A impossibilidade no direito civil brasileiro}     \begin{document}     \onehalfspacing          O problema geral da impossibilidade no direito civil deve ser dividido em duas frentes: a originária e a sucessiva.          A distinção tem por fundamento o momento em que ocorre a impossibilidade. Como ensina \footcite{AGUIARJUNIOR2004}, a norma nao visa a modificar o jurídico. \footcite{COUTOESILVA2009}     \printbibliography     \end{document}      I really thank you for any help.


title: Having trouble with vowel positioning in Ezra SIL, XeLaTeX

text: I'm having trouble matching the example given in the answer What's a simple way to typeset a small amount of Hebrew content using TeX?. I copied/pasted the example exactly as given in that answer, but the result comes out like this: ![How the example looks for me](http://i.stack.imgur.com/XeUTy.png) I've marked with red arrows the problem I'm experiencing, namely, the incorrect positioning of the vowel hireq under yodh (יִ): the vowel is way too high. I'm using an up-to-date installation of TeX Live 2013 on Mac OS X Mavericks. The Ezra SIL font is version 2.51. If I copy/paste the Hebrew text into Mac TextEdit and select Ezra SIL as the font, the hireq is positioned correctly. Or, alternatively, if I switch font to SBL Hebrew:               \newfontfamily\hebrewfont[Script=Hebrew]{SBL Hebrew}% or whatever      the hireq is also positioned correctly. So it seems Ezra SIL _was_ working for someone else before, but isn't now for me. Any ideas? Could it be related to this issue (i.e., a consequence of the switch to HarfBuzz): Wrong vertical placement of bottom vowel signs (nikkud) in Hebrew for short and tall letters? For reference, the output from XeTeX looks like this:               Running `LaTeX' on `testhebvowels' with ``xelatex  -interaction=nonstopmode "\input" testhebvowels.tex''     This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-0.9999.3 (TeX Live 2013)      restricted \write18 enabled.     entering extended mode     LaTeX2e <2011/06/27>     Babel <3.9f> and hyphenation patterns for 78 languages loaded.     (./testhebvowels.tex     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls     Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size12.clo))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/polyglossia/polyglossia.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/etoolbox/etoolbox.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/etex-pkg/etex.sty))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/makecmds/makecmds.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/xkeyval/xkeyval.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/xkeyval.tex     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/keyval.tex)))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3names.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3bootstrap.sty))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3basics.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3expan.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3tl.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3seq.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3int.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3quark.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3prg.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3clist.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3token.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3prop.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3msg.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3file.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3skip.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3keys.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3fp.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3box.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3coffins.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3color.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3luatex.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3candidates.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifpdf.sty))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec-patches.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fixltx2e.sty)     *************************************************     * LaTeX warning: "xparse/redefine-command"     *      * Redefining document command \oldstylenums with arg. spec. 'm' on line 128.     *************************************************     ) (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec-xetex.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fontenc.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1enc.def)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1lmr.fd))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xunicode/xunicode.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tipa/t3enc.def     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1lmss.fd))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/graphics.cfg)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xetex-def/xetex.def))))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec.cfg)))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifluatex.sty))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/polyglossia/gloss-hebrew.ldf     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/bidi/bidi.sty     ****************************************************     *      * bidi package (Bidirectional typesetting in     * plain TeX and LaTeX, using XeTeX engine)     *      * Description: A convenient interface for     * typesetting bidirectional texts in plain TeX     * and LaTeX. The package includes adaptations     * for use with many other commonly-used packages.     *      * Copyright © 2009–2013 Vafa Khalighi     *      * 2013/11/16, v14.4     *      * License: LaTeX Project Public License, version     * 1.3c or higher (your choice)     *      * Location on CTAN: /macros/xetex/latex/bidi     *      * Issue tracker: https://github.com/vafa/bidi/issues     *      * Support: persian-tex@tug.org     ****************************************************     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/iftex.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/bidi/biditools.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/zref-abspage.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/zref-base.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ltxcmds.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/infwarerr.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/kvsetkeys.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/etexcmds.sty))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/kvdefinekeys.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/pdftexcmds.sty)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/auxhook.sty))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/atbegshi.sty))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/bidi/latex-xetex-bidi.def     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/bidi/footnote-xetex-bidi.def)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/bidi/article-xetex-bidi.def)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/bidi/graphicx-xetex-bidi.def))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/bidi/loadingorder-xetex-bidi.def)) (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/polyglossia/hebrewcal.sty     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/polyglossia/cal-util.def))     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/polyglossia/babel-hebrewalph.def)) (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/polyglossia/gloss-english.ldf)     (./testhebvowels.aux)     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tipa/t3cmr.fd)     Setting \if@calendar@hebrew          LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `EU1/EzraSIL(0)/bx/n' undefined     (Font)              using `EU1/EzraSIL(0)/m/n' instead on input line 15.          [1] (./testhebvowels.aux)          LaTeX Font Warning: Some font shapes were not available, defaults substituted.           )     Output written on testhebvowels.pdf (1 page).     Transcript written on testhebvowels.log.          LaTeX finished at Fri Jan 31 10:37:33


title: externalize pfgplots fails with shell escape enabled (TexLive-2013 Mac)

text: I have the following Problem: I am using matlab2tikz to get my Matlab plots into latex. I have very large time series, that i already cut down using resampling. Nevertheless my I need a lot more time to compile my Latex. I read about using `\externalize` to save the figure once compiled. In my header file (separate tex. document to have better overview) use:                \usepackage{pgfplots}      \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}      with that I tried the following three options: 1.               \usetikzlibrary{external}      \tikzexternalize[prefix=autofigs/]      2.               \usetikzlibrary{external} \tikzset{external/system call={lualatex          \tikzexternalcheckshellescape -halt-on-error          -interaction=batchmode -jobname "\image" "\texsource"}}      \tikzexternalize[prefix=autofigs/]      3.               \usetikzlibrary{external}     \tikzset{external/system call={latex \tikzexternalcheckshellescape -halt-on-error     -interaction=batchmode -jobname "\image" "\texsource";     dvips -o "\image".ps "\image".dvi;     ps2eps "\image.ps"}}     \tikzexternalize      In my TexStudio 2.7.0 I set under preferences->commands latex:               /usr/texbin/latex --shell-escape -src -interaction=nonstopmode  %.tex      pdfLaTeX               /usr/texbin/pdflatex --shell-escape -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode %.tex      LuaLaTeX               /usr/texbin/lualatex --shell-escape -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode %.tex      I should add that I don't really know what I am doing with those other than "enable shell escape" Just to test this I copied a minimal example from somewhere in this forum:               \begin{tikzpicture}      \draw[thick,blue] (2cm,0) -- (0:1cm) -- (90:1cm);      \end{tikzpicture}      When I do compile&show (F1) I get the tike picture rendered but the following error message:               ! Package tikz Error: Sorry, the system call 'lualatex -shell-escape -halt-on-e     rror -interaction=batchmode -jobname "autofigs/DA-figure0" "\def\tikzexternalre     aljob{DA}\input{DA}"' did NOT result in a usable output file 'autofigs/DA-figur     e0' (expected one of .pdf:.jpg:.jpeg:.png:). Please verify that you have enable     d system calls. For pdflatex, this is 'pdflatex -shell-escape'. Sometimes it is      also named 'write 18' or something like that. Or maybe the command simply fail     ed? Error messages can be found in 'autofigs/DA-figure0.log'. If you continue n     ow, I'll try to typeset the picture.      It seems to have something to do with the system call not beeing executed (I don't get a new log-file in my tex folder) edit: here is a minimal setup to showcase my problem:               \documentclass[a4paper,12pt,twoside]{report}     \usepackage{pgfplots}     \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}          \newlength\figureheight     \newlength\figurewidth                \usetikzlibrary{external}      \tikzexternalize[prefix=tikz/]               \begin{document}                \tikzsetnextfilename{TESTOR}           \begin{tikzpicture}            \draw[thick,blue] (2cm,0) -- (0:1cm) -- (90:1cm);            \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}      What am i doing wrong ?? I really like the possibilities with this matlab2tikz workflow but those compiling times are just not tolerable.... thanks a bunch edit: running without nonstop mode by entering the following to pdflatex:               /usr/texbin/pdflatex -shell-escape -synctex=1  %.tex      (also tried two dashes in front of the shell...didnt change anything) results in the Message:               /usr/texbin/pdflatex -shell-escape -synctex=1  %.tex      did i mess up the syntax somewhere ? Its not really an error message but there is nothing in my folder i set up for the "Prerendered" stuff to go in (autofigs) here the log:               This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (TeX Live 2013) (format=pdflatex 2014.5.3)  22 MAY 2014 09:50     entering extended mode      \write18 enabled.      %&-line parsing enabled.     **Minimalbeispiel.tex     (./Minimalbeispiel.tex     LaTeX2e <2011/06/27>     Babel <3.9f> and hyphenation patterns for 78 languages loaded.     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ABD: EveryShipout initializing macros     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/context/base/supp-pdf.mkii     [Loading MPS to PDF converter (version 2006.09.02).]     \scratchcounter=\count118     \scratchdimen=\dimen163     \scratchbox=\box39     \nofMPsegments=\count119     \nofMParguments=\count120     \everyMPshowfont=\toks31     \MPscratchCnt=\count121     \MPscratchDim=\dimen164     \MPnumerator=\count122     \makeMPintoPDFobject=\count123     \everyMPtoPDFconversion=\toks32     ) (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/pdftexcmds.sty     Package: pdftexcmds 2011/11/29 v0.20 Utility functions of pdfTeX for LuaTeX (HO     )          (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifluatex.sty     Package: ifluatex 2010/03/01 v1.3 Provides the ifluatex switch (HO)     Package ifluatex Info: LuaTeX not detected.     )     (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifpdf.sty     Package: ifpdf 2011/01/30 v2.3 Provides the ifpdf switch (HO)     Package ifpdf Info: pdfTeX in PDF mo      Scrrenshot of my TexStido preferences window: ![My preferences](http://i.stack.imgur.com/QHvSl.png)


title: Redefine figure counter with scrbook

text: I am using the scrbook (KOMA Script) class, as this MWE shows:               \documentclass[11pt,a5paper,twoside,BCOR=8mm,DIV=12,headings=normal,open=right]{scrbook}     \usepackage[ngerman]{babel}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}          \usepackage{chngcntr}          \begin{document}     \part{Introduction}     \chapter{Lorem ipsum}          \counterwithout{figure}{chapter}          \begin{figure}[h!]         My figure here.         \caption{My caption}     \end{figure}     \end{document}      It's working, by and large, with one exception: The caption reads > Abbildung 1.: My caption Notice the superfluous dot before the colon? It's clearly due to using parts; if I stick to chapters and sections only it's formatted as intended. Any bright ideas?


title: MLA Style Citations and Bibliographies

text: I'm a complete beginner at LaTeX but would now like to write a mathematical article with `MLA` style referencing. The set of references I'm using are for this article only and nothing else, so I don't need to be able to use the same references for several documents. Also, I have no experience with `bibtex` or `biblatex`, nor have I ever used the citation system that comes with LaTeX. What is the most direct way to achieve this?


title: How to center text under math symbols

text: I was looking for a way to center text underneath math symbols such as constraints or regions. More specifically, from vector calculus, if we were to have a double integral bounded by some region D, then we would have the two integral signs with a D underneath. It looks like the D_1 and D_2 as seen below. ![Double Integral over General Region D](http://i.stack.imgur.com/zbTbm.gif)


title: minted and tabs

text: I can get a code block including tab characters in a `minted` environment to work with the `obeytabs` option, which results in a tab size of 8. The `tabsize` option, however, will mess up the tab alignment.               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{minted}     \usemintedstyle{pastie}     \begin{document}          \begin{minted}[obeytabs,showtabs]{c}         int foo     //bar                 //ffff     \end{minted}     \begin{minted}[tabsize=4,showtabs]{c}         int foo     //bar                     //ffff     \end{minted}          \end{document}      The output looks as follows: ![output](http://i.stack.imgur.com/fiTkw.png) Is there a solution to this?


title: media9: Locally enable or disable play button

text: Is there an existing way (without updating the media9 package) to enable or disable the play button after the package is loaded? The current motivation is to disable the play button for only some versions of `media9`, but it could also be used to enable the button for some images but not others, or to switch between `fancy` and `plain`. (Incidentally, I like the look of the button used in version 0.43 of the documentation; it's much closer to the ideal of being prominent but not annoying. But I also think it would be nice if it did not print, much like the "red boxes" produced by `hyperref`.)


title: Multibib: How to override the default appearance of bibliography section headers

text: Using `multibib` (and `apacite`), if I define two bibliographies entitled "Primary literature" and "Secondary Literature" by using the following lines:               \newcites{prim}{Primary Literature}     \newcites{sec}{Secondary Literature}      and then I write into the `document` block:               \section{Bibliography}     \nociteprim{ref1,ref2}     \bibliographystyleprim{apacite}     \bibliographyprim{publications}   % 'publications' is the name of a BibTeX file          \section{Bibliography}     \nocitesec{ref3,ref4}     \bibliographystylesec{apacite}     \bibliographysec{publications}   % 'publications' is the name of a BibTeX file      then I obtain three sections, named "Bibliography", "Primary literature" and "Secondary Literature", respectively. However, I want to make "Primary literature" and "Secondary Literature" to appear with the style of `subsection` instead of `section` one. Any idea?


title: What are good ways to make pdflatex output copy-and-pasteable?

text: One frequent aspect of `pdflatex` output that could be improved is to what extent one can select text output from the generated pdf-file and copy-and- paste it. This is essentially an issue of having the right output encoding. There are at least two important aspects to this:   * In the ideal case, Unicode would be the output encoding.   * Ligature glyphs (such as ﬁ) are ideally de-ligated in the output (here: "fi"). It seems that output encodings are specified through the `fontenc` package. What is the range of possible output encodings, and most importantly: **Is there a way to specify a Unicode output encoding and one that deals with ligatures in the intended way?** (Note: It is important to distinguish _output_ from _input_ encodings. How to use different _input_ encodings in LaTeX has been documented widely. My understanding is that this is best handled by the `inputenx` package, as it supersedes the `inputenc` package.) * * * **Quick guide to the solutions:** The information in the answers and answer threads is a bit distributed, so here the short summary: one approach is to use `\input glyphtounicode` together with `\pdfgentounicode=1`; the other approach is to use `cmap`/`mmap`. **Addendum:** Sometimes one will need to load the package `accsupp` and enclose one's macro definition in `\BeginAccSupp{method=hex,unicode,ActualText=<codepoint>}`[...]`\EndAccSupp{}` to generate a specific code point. See the caveat about non-BMP code points here and the fix (starting from `accsupp` version v0.4, 2012/11/18) here, which provides the new `unichar` package option.


title: Problems With Text Encoding While Cutting

text: ### Introduction I'm learning how to type with LaTeX and I've found that the character encoding is very important to get good results. I find myself copying parts from pdf documents such as problem description, etc. I use UTF-8 character encoding on my OSX LaTeX editor Texpad. I write the documents on my own language catalan which uses a lot of accents so I decided not to use the LaTeX especial commands to write them and I'm using `\usepackage[utf-8]{inputenc}`. ### The Problem! When I paste text from those pdf's all the special characters seem to be in a different text encoding and I get a whole lot of errors related to those characters. ### What I think it could be the solution I've been investigating a shell command calle `iconv`which translates a text input from one character encoding to another character encoding. I think its possible to create a shellscript which identifies the character encoding from the text I have on my clipboard and returns to the clipboard the same text translated to UTF-8. I was thinking to use this shell script as a TextExpander Snippet. ### Conclusion Is it possible to do this? How can I handle the script writing? Is there a more efficient way or method to get the same result? **Thank you a lot!** It would be great to have something like this working! It will help my keyboard longevity! ;-)


title: Can we make ligatures copy-and-pastable?

text: Is there a straightforward way to make ligatures more copy-and-pastable? I know that by using               \usepackage[t1]{fontenc}      that many glyphs like accented and umlauted characters become copy-and- pastable from a pdf. But, for example, the word "five" is typeset with an "fi" ligature (a merging of the two letters into one) and I'm unable to copy this word from the pdf and paste into a text editor. The `fontenc` package doesn't seem to help with this. Here is my MWE of the issue. I am using Adobe Reader X to read, and Windows with TeXnikCenter.               \documentclass[12pt]{article}          \begin{document}     five          \end{document}      I have tested and cannot successfully paste into TeXnicCenter, MS Word, or the Firefox address bar.


title: PDFLaTeX encoding problem

text: I am generating a pdf file with PDFLaTeX. The content of the pdf looks well at a first glance. However if I try to copy and paste the text to somewhere else the text look like this:   ❉✐❡ ▼❡♥❣❡ ❛♥ ■♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥❡♥ ✉♥❞ ❘❡ss♦✉r❝❡♥ ✐♠ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ✇ä❝❤st ❢♦rt❧❛✉❢❡♥❞✳      Instead of how it should looks like:   _Die Menge an Informationen und Ressourcen im Internet wächst fortlaufend._ Likewise it is not possible to search inside the pdf document. It seems that there is something wrong with the encoding.         _EDIT_ I found that this happens because I am using the template dissonline: http://files.d-nb.de/dissonline/dissonline_latex_ver_2.1.zip There is a documentclass _DissOnlineLatex_ which leads to this problem, but I am still not know how to fix it.


title: Minipage or parbox doesn't work in bcbar label (bchart package)

text: The code below works very well on an `article` document. But, when I put it on a chapter of a `book` document class, it doesn't work. The problem is the `minipage` use. The `book` class document doesn't accept the `minipage` use for configuring the `bcbar`. Like this:               label=\begin{minipage}{5cm}Texto\\continuaçao do texto\end{minipage}.      Maybe you know why? If not, you can propose another way for do it? I need to work on `bcbar` to fit bigger labels.               \begin{grafico}        \caption{Tese grafico da tese}        \centering        \begin{bchart}[step=2,max=10, unit=\%, scale=0.7]                   \bcbar[label=grupo 1]{3.4}                       \medskip                   \bcbar[label={\footnotesize Produzo o material didático que utilizo (sou autor[a] do material)}]{5.6}                       \medskip                   \bcbar[label=\begin{minipage}{5cm}Texto\\continuaçao do texto\end{minipage}]{7.2}                       \bigskip                   \bcbar{9.9}               \end{bchart}        \label{tab:box1}     \end{grafico}


title: Tikzpicture on every page

text: How can I include a tikzpicture on every page? I would like to create a complicated document template (page should be framed, and have a table to hold document information both in the header and footer). I was thinking of using something like:               \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]       % complicated layout should be here, simple example is given below:       % \node [xshift=1cm,yshift=1cm] at (current page.south west)       % {This is an absolutely positioned text in the page};       \end{tikzpicture}      Do you have any other suggestions on how to create such a template?


title: What have been the most important changes to LaTeX in the last five years?

text: I hope I will not be flamed for this question, but I have been out of the loop for the last five years. Therefore my question is: what do you consider the most important changes to LaTeX in the last five years, or asked differently: if you hadn't used LaTeX those past five years, where would you set priorities to relearn it. The aim is to publish scientific papers in Economics with advanced mathematic typesetting and preferably integration of output from R (so sweave is already on my mind). A small addendum: Which distribution do you prefer? Out of habit I have downloaded MiKTeX, but maybe there is something decisively better out there?


title: Setting Initial Page number on command-line

text: I would like to typeset a LaTeX file and set the initial page number from the command line (as I need to often change it to merge with different documents). I thought that the following would work, but it does not:               pdflatex "\setcounter{page}{5}\input{test.tex}"      When I do this, the first page number is still 1 - does anyone have any idea why this might be?


title: isodate in section titles with correct PDF bookmarks

text: I want to use isodate's `\printdate` as part of a command to create a new section. Simplified example:               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{hyperref}     \usepackage[american]{isodate}          \newcommand{\datesec}[1]{\section{Date \printdate{#1}}}          \begin{document}          \datesec{2010-11-01}          \end{document}      This gets numerous errors when run through pdflatex, starting with:               ! Undefined control sequence.     \@nnil ->\@nil           l.10 \datesec{2010-11-01}      I've tried every expansion trick I know (which is not saying much). In my experiments it also seems to me that I've managed to make a section heading successfully include the date, but then the PDF bookmark generated (I think) by hyperref just shows "Date " without including the output from `\printdate`. How can I use `\printdate` in a section title and also have it generate a correct, complete PDF bookmark? Thanks! P.S.: I've had a little more luck with datetime's `\formatdate` but not much, and it also has a less pleasing syntax.


title: \textbf and \bf within Sans Serif

text: I'm using `\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}` so that my entire document is in sans serif, but I'm getting peculiar results with regards to formatting. I'm a rather sparse LaTeX user, but in the past I've always used `\textbf{Super Important Text!}` for bold text rather than what I've been told is obsolete; `{\bf Important Junk}` (which is what I first learned). While I have that `\sfdefault` line in the preamble, `\textbf{}` is completely ignored while `{\bf }` is not. I suppose it wouldn't be the end of the world if the answer is that I just have to use `{\bf }`, but I'm assuming there's a reason you're not supposed to. The closest solution I could find was Bold sans-serif font in LaTeX, but it dealt with section names rather than in text formatting. **EDIT** : My apologies - after recreating the document bit by bit, it turns out `\usepackage{charter}` was causing this. The confusing part was that _if_ I removed `\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}`, then normal boldface functionality was restored. It turns out `\textbf` wouldn't work iff both lines were in the preamble. Although I'm curious to know why this is, I don't need `charter` for the project I'm currently working on, so for practical purposes this issue has been resolved.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{charter}                             % If either of these two are removed     \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}         % There is no issue          \begin{document}     \textbf{Not bold.}     {\bf Quite Bold.}     Also Not Bold.     \end{document}      Not Bold. **Quite Bold.** Also Not Bold.


title: add blank space before image

text: I'm drawing two images, one on top and one in the bottom, and I want them to be aligned. One of them has some extra blank space one its left side, so I need to realign it manually:               \begin{minipage}{9em}         \includegraphics[height=3em]{images/img1.png} \\         \includegraphics[height=3em]{images/img2.png}      \end{minipage}      I tried to add `\hspace{some_number}` to either one of them to see the effect, but nothing happened. What should I use? Thanks.


title: How to change the spacing in latexit for Times New Roman font?

text:
I've successfully changed the font used in Latexit (equation creator) to Times New Roman by changing the engine to xelatex and by adding this to my preamble:               \usepackage{mathspec}
     \usepackage{xunicode}
     \usepackage{xltxtra}     \setmainfont{Times New Roman}     \setmathsfont(Digits,Latin){Times New Roman}      Sidenote: I've left off 'Greek' in my \setmathsfont because alpha and 'a' look identical in Times New Roman. Now my problem - All superscripts are nearly on top of their variables. I'm constantly using \,:               T^\,2      for example. Is there a way to change the default spacing? or automatically use \, every time I have a ^ ?


title: remove dots from bibliography

text: I would like to remove dot from bibliography or even in some parts of doc. I would like to remove dot at end of the each sentence. Thanks, sree7k7