title: Array alignment within align environment

text: I am trying to typeset an `array` within an `align` environment, aligning to a specific separator in the array. In the following example, I want to align on the ":" separator in the array.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{amsmath, array}          \begin{document}     \begin{align*}     x^2 & = y^2 \\     z^2 &= a^2 \\     \begin{array}{l@{:}c}     a & b\\     c & d     \end{array}     \end{align*}     \end{document}      Should I be using an `alignat` environment for this? That usually leads to a whole bunch of extra "&"s floating around... * * * **MAJOR EDIT:** Thank you to all the users who replied. I have updated my MWE with each of the solutions provided and entered my comments along with them. Basically each of the solutions solves an aspect of the problem. One solves the alignment issue and one allows me to add columns in the `array` environment which might not exist in the original `align` environment. Further comments are very welcome.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{amsmath, array}          \makeatletter     \newcommand{\X}[1]{\ifmeasuring@ #1\else\fgnu@X{#1}\fi}     \newcommand{\Y}[1]{\ifmeasuring@ {}:#1\else\fgnu@Y{#1}\fi}     \def\fgnu@X#1{\hbox to \ifcase1\maxcolumn@widths\fi{$\displaystyle#1$\hfil}}     \def\fgnu@Y#1{\hbox to \ifcase2\maxcolumn@widths\fi{${}:{}$\hfil$\displaystyle#1$\hfil}}     \makeatother               \begin{document}     %================================================     % original problem     \begin{align*}     x^2 & = y^2 \\     z^2 &= a^2 \\     \begin{array}{l@{:}c}     a & b\\     c & d     \end{array}     \end{align*}          %================================================     % egreg's solution     %   Cannot extend to more columns in the array than     %   in the original align environment     \begin{align*}     x^2 & = y^2 \\     z^2 &= a^2 \\     \X{aaaa} & \Y{bbbbbggggggggg}\\     \X{cccccccc} & \Y{dd}     \end{align*}          %================================================     % David Carlisle's solution     %   This solution allows me to add more columns to      %   the array, but, the "`:"' is not centred to the     %   "`="' in the align environment.     \begin{align*}     x^2 & = y^2 \\     z^2 &= a^2 \\     \begin{array}{ll@{:}}     a &a\\     c & c      \end{array}     &     \begin{array}{@{}cc}     b&b\\     d&d     \end{array}\\     \end{align*}          %================================================     % Barbara Beeton's solution     %   Nice alignment solution, however, can I add more     %   columns to the array?     \begin{gather*}     \begin{aligned}     x^2 & = y^2 \\     z^2 &= a^2     \end{aligned}\\     \begin{array}{l@{:}c}     a & b\\     c & d     \end{array}     \end{gather*}


title: Order of references in reference list

text: My minimum working example:               \documentclass{article}               \begin{document}          Here I refer to~\cite{Smaili:2011aa} and here I refer to~\cite{Edwards:2010aa}.               This is a table where I mention all my references:          \begin{table}[!htb]         \begin{tabular}{lll}         Reference 1 & Edwards &  \cite{Edwards:2010aa} \\         Reference 2 & Smaili &  \cite{Smaili:2011aa} \\         \end{tabular}     \end{table}          \bibliographystyle{ieeetr}     \bibliography{biblio}          \end{document}      And the corresponding bib file:               @conference{Smaili:2011aa,         Author = {Smaili, Hafid and Breeman, Jan and Lombaerts, Thomas and Stroosma, Olaf},         Booktitle = {4th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences},         Title = {{A} {B}enchmark for {F}ault {T}olerant {F}light {C}ontrol {E}valuation},         Year = {2011}}          @book{Edwards:2010aa,         Author = {Christopher Edwards and Thomas Lombaerts and Hafid Smaili},         Publisher = {Springer},         Title = {{F}ault {T}olerant {F}light {C}ontrol: {A} {B}enchmark {C}hallenge},         Year = {2010}}      The result is: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/xuV29.png) I want the order of my references to depend on the appearance within my _table_ (instead of my complete report). In this table I list all my references including some information.


title: multiple citation of references

text: When I use `\cite{ref1, ref2}`, I have a character "?" which appears for ref2 instead of the number of the reference. Do you know how can I cite multiple references using \cite{ref1, ref2} ?


title: How to use lining figures in siunitx and fontspec?

text: I'm using XeTeX and `fontspec`, and I have selected old-style figures for my body text. Now I use the `siunitx` package, and have set it up to use text fonts instead of math fonts. For the `siunitx` values I want to use lining figures instead of old-style figures. How do I do this? I have tried this, but it does not work:               \setromanfont[Numbers=OldStyle]{Arno Pro}     \usepackage{siunitx}     \sisetup{mode = text}     \sisetup{inter-unit-separator =\cdot}     \sisetup{detect-all}     <snip>     {\fontspec[Numbers={Lining}]{Arno Pro}\SI{10}{\kilo\volt\per\centi\metre}}      Furthermore, `siunitx` uses the math font comma instead of the text font comma when using                \sisetup{output-decimal-marker ={,}}


title: Title page oddly centered

text: I have to insert the cover page of my thesis as a title page, so it will also move from the center of the page to `openright`, I guess. The titlepage code is this:               \begin{titlepage}     \begin{center}     {{\Large{\textsc{Alma Mater Studiorum $\cdot$ Universit\`a di     Bologna}}}} \rule[0.1cm]{15.8cm}{0.1mm}     \rule[0.5cm]{15.8cm}{0.6mm}     {\bf FACULTY OF ENGINEERING \\ Master degree in Electrical Engineering\\     \small{Curriculum:\\ Electronic systems for information processing}}     \end{center}     \vspace{15mm}     \begin{center}     {\LARGE{\bf Power consumption analysis }}\\     \vspace{3mm}     {\LARGE{\bf for self diagnosis of }}\\     \vspace{3mm}     {\LARGE{\bf Wireless Sensor Nodes}}\\     \vspace{19mm} {\large{\bf Master thesis in Electronic Calculators M}}     \end{center}     \vspace{40mm}     \par     \noindent     \begin{minipage}[t]{0.50\textwidth}     {{\bf Supervisors:\\ \large{Prof. Salmon Cinotti Tullio \\ Dr. Aly Aamer Syed}}}     \end{minipage}     \hfill     \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}\raggedleft     {{\bf Author:\\     \large{Bacchiani Claudio}}}     \end{minipage}     \vspace{20mm}     \begin{center}     {\large{\bf Session 1\\ Year 2011-2012}}     \end{center}     \end{titlepage}      When this is used as cover it works well, but if I `\include` it in the thesis it comes out oddly centered: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/FlnS4.png) The preamble of the document, packages excluded, looks like this:               \documentclass[12pt, a4paper, titlepage, twoside, openright]{book}     \usepackage{graphicx}   %Figures management     \linespread{1.2}      Can I get it centered without having to include it as a `pdf` page? Even better, can I reuse the code for the cover and the title page, and just changing settings externally?


title: Extra the word 'numberstyle' in listing

text: What's wrong with this ? I define listing style like below.               \definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}     \definecolor{codegray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}     \definecolor{codepurple}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}     \definecolor{backcolour}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.92}               \lstdefinestyle{mysqlStyle}{         language=SQL,         tabsize=4,         basicstyle=\footnotesize,          frame=tab,         columns=fixed,         breaklines=true,         breakatwhitespace=false,         showstringspaces=false,         numbers=left,         commentstyle=\color{codegreen},         keywordstyle=\color{blue},         stringstyle=\color{red}         numberstyle=\color[rgb]{0.205, 0.142, 0.73},         stepnumber=1,         aboveskip={1\baselineskip},         morekeywords={[1]bigint,nvarchar}     }      and when i use it               \begin{latin}         \begin{lstlisting}[style=mysqlStyle]         INSERT INTO [Table] (id,name)          VALUES (0,'Karo');         \end{lstlisting}     \end{latin}      it returns me this ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/j11K5.png)


title: Matching question

text: Is there a standard package for generating a matching question such as: Match the following states with its capitals:               Michigan              Raleigh          North Carolina        Lansing          Minnesota             St.Paul


title: Plot a triangular grid inside of a hexagonal grid?

text: I have made the following grid: ![hex-tri](http://i.stack.imgur.com/U3uuK.png) With the following code:               \documentclass{standalone}     \usepackage{tikz}      \usetikzlibrary{shapes}          \begin{document}         \begin{tikzpicture}      [hexa/.style= {shape=regular polygon, regular polygon sides=6, minimum size=1cm, draw,anchor=south}, tria/.style= {shape=regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3, minimum size=.25cm, draw,anchor=center},circ/.style= {draw,circle,inner sep=2pt,fill}]          \foreach \j in {0,...,9}{%           \ifodd\j               \foreach \i in {0,...,9}{\node[hexa] (h\j;\i) at ({\j/2+\j/4},{(\i+1/2)*sin(60)}) {};}              \foreach \i in {0,...,9}{\node[tria] (h\j;\i) at ({\j/2+\j/4},{(\i+1)*sin(60)}) {};}                \else              \foreach \i in {0,...,9}{\node[hexa] (h\j;\i) at ({\j/2+\j/4},{\i*sin(60)}) {};}              \foreach \i in {0,...,9}{\node[tria] (h\j;\i) at ({\j/2+\j/4},{(\i+1/2)*sin(60)}) {};}          \fi}         \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      What I want to do is shrink the triangles a little, and plot a circle at each vertices of both the hexagons and the triangles. But, here is the catch: Each odd and even row and column of nodes must be independent. Basically, I should be able to add +1 to all odd columns, or odd rows, or even rows, or even columns. Also, the nodes connected to the triangles and the ones connected to the hexagons should be separate, existing on different "planes" so to speak. How could this be achieved? The reason for it is to construct a "projection" of an HCP lattice unto the x-y plane. An HCP lattice looks like this: ![Lattice 1](http://i.stack.imgur.com/0TQdS.gif) ![Lattice 3](http://i.stack.imgur.com/eMNLw.gif) And my graph can be thought of as the view from looking "downwards" towards the structure. The independence will allow me to transform the lattice graphically, explaining my mathematical transformations that turn this lattice into a simple cubic lattice.


title: Problems while displaying sum limits below

text: I'm having some trouble when trying to correctly display a summation using LaTeX. I'm using the package `mathtools`, and the formula:               Cov(O) = \frac{ \sum_{\forall c_i \in C} exists(O, c_i)}{n}      My problem is the `\forall c_i \in C` text appears as a sub index of the `\sum` element instead of appearing below it.


title: Explain Soutput Schunk -block when switched from article to scrreprt

text: When I zwitched from article to `\documentclass[fontsize=2pt]{scrreprt}`, I am getting around the xtable -things:               \begin{Schunk}     \begin{Soutput}     ...     \end{Schunk}     \end{Soutput}      **Trial (codehere)**               $ R CMD Sweave code.Rnw     $ pdflatex code.tex          # or if you get the Schunk/Soutput, rm manually     $ evince code.pdf      How can I force the new package not to output that kind of Schunk/Soutput -block? It is slow to remove them, otherwise not displaying the tables.


title: Using Minion's footnotefigures within KOMA-classes

text: I really like to use the `MinionPro` package in my documents, which provides an option called `footnotefigures` that activates a special set of figures for footnotes. Unfortunately this option is not fully compatibel with the KOMA-classes such as `scrbook` while everthing works fine for example with `article`. If `footnotefigures` is active in `scrbook`, the footnote figures in the _text_ are set correctly, but not the ones in the _footnotes_ , which I would like to change. At the moment this incompatibility produces a rather poor outcome, especially when a 'high' character like 'h' follows the footnote figure – as you can see in this figure. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/MI1ZI.png) Here is a MWE               \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{scrbook}     \usepackage[footnotefigures]{MinionPro}     \begin{document}     abc \vfill     \footnote{h -- First footnote.}h     \footnote{h -- Second footnote}h      \footnote{h -- Third footnote}h      \footnote{h -- Fourth footnote}h      \end{document}      And here is the declaration of `footnotefigures` from the `MinionPro` package documentation.               \DeclareOption{footnotefigures}{%     \def\@makefnmark{%     \begingroup     \normalfont     \fontfamily{MinionPro-Extra}\fontencoding{U}\selectfont     \@thefnmark     \endgroup}}


title: BibTeX: Help in modifying .bst style file requested

text: I am using BibTeX for my bibliography and everything works as expected. For formatting output I am using natdin, which does almost exactly what I want, except for one or two small things: It uses `\--` to denote page ranges, and I'd like to have a spatium before and after the dash, i.e. use `\,--\,`. When I look into the .bst file, I find this:               FUNCTION {n.dashify}     { 't :=       ""         { t empty$ not }         { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =             { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not                 { "--" *                   t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=                 }                 {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }                     { "-" *                       t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=                     }                   while$                 }               if$             }             { t #1 #1 substring$ *               t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=             }           if$         }       while$     }      Unfortunately I have no idea what this does, exactly, or how to modify it in order to accomplish what I am looking for. So here's an MWE:               \documentclass[paper=a4]{scrartcl}          \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[english,ngerman]{babel}     \usepackage[square]{natbib}          \usepackage{lipsum}          \begin{document}         \section{Lorem Ispum}             According to \citet{Nescio.2000} we find that              \lipsum[1]              \bibliography{test}         \bibliographystyle{natdin}      \end{document}      The accompanying test.bib file contains               @article{Nescio.2000,      author = {Nescio, Nomen and Public, John Q. and Else, Somebody},      year = {2000},      title = {What Miscellaneous Anomaly is This? A Field Guide for the Utterly Confused},      pages = {95--105},      volume = {08/15},      journal = {Internationale Zeitschrift für Tetrapilotomie und Potiosektion}      }      natdin is widely available on CTAN and used as is. As you can see in the rendered example, I get `S. 95-105` when I really want `S.~95\,--\,105`.


title: How to Use Unicode Font with \polter command

text: \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{holtpolt}     \begin{document}       $\polter{abc}{def}$     \end{document}      Hi, I have a need to produce something thats shown in the above example however I want to use unicode text. I tried putting the unicode text in `\text{}` but it did not do the trick. Using `\text{}` worked well in mathematics. Thanks for your help PS: I got this from "Comprehensive Latex Symbols list page 70" I could not come up with good title for question


title: Making a logo clickable

text: I'm wondering if there is any possibility to make a clickable logo like in html code, it would be like this               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage{hyperref}          \begin{document}     \href{link_adress}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{logo}}        \end{document}       Is it possible to do something like that but which works?


title: How to get the command (csname) content in another command (csname)

text: I'm trying to make a class following my school's standard for thesis and I got a problem when I tried to implement a list of acronyms, because this list should be alphabetically sorted and the packages that I found were incompatible with my implemented class. So I decide to make my own implementation using arrays. I can create arrays as `\foo#1` (in which each element of array receive as new index in `#1`, using `\csname foo#1 \endcsname`), but to sort this array I need to insert an element in a specific position of the array. An example of my code at now is:               \documentclass[]{report}          \newcounter{countArrayTest}     \setcounter{countArrayTest}{0}          \newcommand{\appendElement}[1]{%         \expandafter\newcommand\csname arraytest\the\value{countArrayTest} \endcsname{#1}         \stepcounter{countArrayTest}     }          \newcommand{\getIndexElement}[1]{         \csname arraytest#1 \endcsname     }          \newcommand{\testInsert}{%         \expandafter\renewcommand\csname arraytest1 \endcsname{\getIndexElement{0}}         \expandafter\renewcommand\csname arraytest0 \endcsname{Test1}     }          \newcounter{CountTempAux}          \newcommand{\showAll}{%         \setcounter{CountTempAux}{0}         \loop\ifnum\value{CountTempAux}<\value{countArrayTest}             \csname arraytest\the\value{CountTempAux} \endcsname             \stepcounter{CountTempAux}         \repeat     }          \begin{document}               \appendElement{Element1}     \appendElement{Element2}               \testInsert          \showAll          \end{document}      The problem is, I expected the answer "Test1 Element1", but I got "Test1 Test1". Any suggestion to solve this problem?


title: LaTeX font packages

text: There is a list of all font in packages? like, for example: `\usepackage{kpfonts}`


title: algorithm2e: Applying color to an entire line, excluding the line number

text: Consider the following MWE:               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{xcolor}     \usepackage[boxed, noline, linesnumbered]{algorithm2e}          \begin{document}          \begin{algorithm}[t]         \textcolor{red}{\If{test}{\KwRet $-1$\;}}         blah\;         blah\;         blah\;     \end{algorithm}          \end{document}      The output looks like this: ![sample output with colored line numbers](http://i.stack.imgur.com/oumFI.png) As you can see, not only the lines, but also the line numbers are drawn in red. I want to apply the red color only to lines.


title: Making section headers break two column flow

text: I'm new to LaTeX and I'm writing a document for which I'm using `\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}`. Is it possible to make `\section` headers break the two column flow? To clarify, I'd like a long section title to continue into the space normally occupied by the second column, and the two-column flow would continue below the `\section` header. I think I've read about doing this with minipages, but I'd rather not complicate the markup in-line. A preamble solution would be vastly preferable.


title: How to type multiple integral sign in TeXmacs?

text: I don't know if there are a lot of people using TeXmacs. Now I use it to make some mathematics notes, but what gives me a surprise is that it haven't supported **multiple integral sign**! I don't know why the author didn't design symbols like this. In order to type the multiple intergral sign, I have to write some macros which are not as beautiful as LaTeX's. If you are using TeXmacs, could you tell me how to type beautiful multiple integral sign?


title: Subsections in the ToC when using memoir

text: Following on from Turn on subsection numbering in memoir, having numbered my subsections, how can I get them to appear in the ToC?


title: Create PNG image from PSTricks drawing

text: Can I turn the following drawing into a PNG image? If so, how do I do it?               % xelatex <filename>.tex          \documentclass[11pt]{article}          \usepackage{fontspec}     \setmainfont{Calibri}     \usepackage[margin = 2cm]{geometry}     \usepackage{pstricks}     \usepackage{rotating}          \pagestyle{empty}               \begin{document}          \begin{figure}[htbp]     \centering     \psset{       unit = 2.4,       fillstyle = solid,       opacity = 0.3     }     \begin{pspicture}(-3.5,-1.75)(3.5,4.25)     \psellipse[rot = -50, fillcolor = blue](1.5,0.5)(1.5,3)     \psellipse[rot = 50,  fillcolor = red](-1.5,0.5)(1.5,3)     \psellipse[rot = -50, fillcolor = green](0,1.8)(1.5,3)     \psellipse[rot = 50,  fillcolor = yellow](0,1.8)(1.5,3)     \rput(-3.57,1.93){       \begin{rotate}{45}         \shortstack[c]{%           Religious\strut\\[-0.75ex]           Bollocks\strut}       \end{rotate}}     \rput(-2.1,3.2){       \begin{rotate}{45}         \shortstack[c]{%           Quackery\strut\\[-0.75ex]           Bollocks\strut}       \end{rotate}}     \rput(3.07,2.33){       \begin{rotate}{315}         \shortstack[c]{%           Paranormal\strut\\[-0.75ex]           Bollocks\strut}       \end{rotate}}     \rput(1.52,3.78){       \begin{rotate}{315}         \shortstack[c]{%           Pseudoscientific\strut\\[-0.75ex]           Bollocks\strut}       \end{rotate}}     \rput(0,0.4){\large Scientology}     {\footnotesize     \rput(0.5,0){\shortstack[c]{%       Psychic\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Surgery\strut}}     \rput(1.5,0.1){Aura Therapy}     \rput(1.7,0.5){Reiki}     \rput(1.9,0.9){Chakra}     \rput(0.6,1){Qi}     \rput(0.9,1.3){Feng Shui}     \rput(1.2,1.6){Past Life Regression}     {\tiny     \rput(2.1,2.45){Ley Lines}     \rput(1.95,2.3){Orgone Energy}     \rput(1.97,2.15){Palmistry}     \rput(1.98,2){Orbs}}     \rput(2.9,1.9){Crop Circles}     \rput(3.1,1.6){Ectoplasm}     \rput(3.1,1.3){Telepathy}     \rput(2.7,1){Tarot}     \rput(3.2,0.9){\shortstack[c]{%       Crystal\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Power\strut}}     \rput(2.9,0.5){\shortstack[c]{%       Automaric\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Writing\strut}}     \rput(2.75,0.1){Geomancy}     \rput(2.55,-0.25){Levitation}     \rput(2.1,-0.5){Remote Writing}     \rput(1.92,-0.75){Ghosts}     \rput(1.35,-0.75){Psychics}     \rput(1.5,-1){Poltergeist}     \rput(1.2,-1.2){Seances}     \rput(-0.5,-0.5){Exorcism}     \rput(-0.5,-0.8){Ouija Boards}     \rput(-0.5,-1.1){Spiritualism}     \rput(0,-1.4){Stigmata}     \rput(0.5,-0.5){Akashic Record}     \rput(0.5,-0.8){Occult}     \rput(0.5,-1.1){Voodoo}     \rput(-0.5,0){\shortstack[c]{%       Bible\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Code\strut}}     \rput(-1.9,0.95){\shortstack[c]{%       Apocalyptic\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Prophecies\strut}}     \rput(-1.7,0.6){Intelligent Design}     \rput(-1.6,0.3){Out of Body Experience}     \rput(-1.5,0){Turin Shroud}     \rput(-1.2,1.6){Antrophosophy}     \rput(-0.8,1.1){Alphabiotics}     \rput(0,3.2){Anti Vaccination}     \rput(-0.4,2.9){Cupping}     \rput(0.4,2.9){Chiropratic}     \rput(0,2.6){Bioharmonics}     \rput(-0.4,2.3){Reflexology}     \rput(0.4,2.3){Rolfing}     \rput(0,2){Applied Kinesiology}     \rput(0,1.75){Ear Candles}     \rput(0,1.5){Detox}     {\scriptsize     \rput(0.7,3.7){Chemtrails}     \rput(1,3.525){Astrology}     \rput(1.3,3.35){Numerology}     \rput(1.6,3.175){Hollow Earth}     \rput(1.8,3){Moon Landing Denial}     \rput(1.8,2.825){Dowsing}     \rput(1.8,2.65){Bigfoot}}     \rput(-0.7,3.6){Shiatsu}     \rput(-1,3.4){Acupuncture}     \rput(-1.3,3.2){Homeopathy}     \rput(-1.6,3){Aromatherapy}     \rput(-1.8,2.8){Ayurvedic Medicine}     {\tiny     \rput(-2.1,2.4){\shortstack[c]{%       Angel\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Therapy\strut}}     \rput(-1.98,2.15){\shortstack[c]{%       Faith\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Healing\strut}}}     \rput(-2.8,1.9){Miracles}     \rput(-3,1.55){\shortstack[c]{%       Religious\strut\\[-0.75ex]       Fundamentalism\strut}}     \rput(-3.1,1.2){Reincarnation}     \rput(-3.1,0.85){Creationism}     \rput(-3,0.5){Prayer}     \rput(-2.8,0.15){\shortstack[c]{%       Transsub-\strut\\[-0.75ex]       stantiation\strut}}     \rput(-2.58,-0.2){Holy Relics}     \rput(-2.2,-0.5){Angels}     \rput(-1.65,-0.8){The Trinity}     \rput(-1.3,-1.1){Karma}}     \end{pspicture}     \end{figure}          \end{document}      ![output](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Ozk0u.jpg)


title: Gaussian ellipsoids using tikz

text: I'm trying to draw illustrations of Gaussian ellipsoids using shaded ellipses. In simple terms what I'm after is a way to have a light shade throughout the outer edge of the ellipse and a darker shade towards the centre of the ellipse (i.e the contours of a 2D Gaussian distribution should have the same shade proportional to the density). I've tried radial shading but it's not the effect I'm looking for. Here is a simple example (which does not produce the shading result I want).                 \begin{tikzpicture}         \def\particles{(20,-3),(22,-5),(22,-7),(19,-8) }          \pgfsetfillopacity{0.6};              \foreach \point in \particles{           \shade[rotate around={30:\point},inner color=green] \point ellipse (1 and 2);                    \draw[fill=black] \point circle (2mm);         }        \end{tikzpicture}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/MtRIU.png) Can anyone please suggest a method to draw the Gaussian ellipsoids?


title: Show and hide the logo in beamer

text: I'm realizing my first presentation in beamer. I'm using the CambridgeUS theme, and I want to   * show the logo of my institute in the center of the first frame   * hide the logo in the following frame For now, my document looks like this:               \documentclass{beamer}     \usetheme{CambridgeUS}     \title{The Title}     \author{The Author}     \institute{The Institute}     \date{The Date}     \logo{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{TheLogo}}     \begin{document}     \begin{frame}     The Frame     \end{frame}     \end{document}      which show the logo on the right in every frame. What have I to edit / add to reach my goals?


title: How to remove the white space on the left of gather* when using standalone class?

text: \documentclass[preview,border=12pt,varwidth]{standalone}% change it back to your own document class     \usepackage{amsmath}          \begin{document}     \abovedisplayskip=0pt\relax% remove this line in  your production     \begin{gather*}     \int \sec^2(5 - 3x/4)\,\mathrm{d}x\\     \int \frac{1}{\cos^2 (5 - 3x/4)}\,\mathrm{d}x     \end{gather*}     \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/PmGwZ.png) How to remove the white space on the left of `gather*` when using `standalone` class?


title: eform textfield fill from file

text: I found in the `eform` documentation (part of the AcroTeX bundle) that the `\textField` macro has an `\FfFileSelect` option which select a file from the local hard drive as the value of the text field. I tried it many ways but it is not works for me.


title: Problem with small caps in XeLaTeX

text: I'm not able to make small caps work with any font in XeLaTeX. Here is output illustrating the issue for Charis SIL, Garuda, and Times New Roman, respectively. Pasted below are a MWE and version and package information. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/iy5ob.png) Minimal working example:               \listfiles     \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{fontspec,xunicode,xltxtra}     \def\sample{The quick brown fox jumped.}     \begin{document}\Large     \fontspec{Charis SIL}     Normal\hfil\sample\par     \textsc{Small Caps\hfil\sample}\par     \textbf{Boldface\hfil\sample}\par     \textit{Italics\hfil\sample}\par\medskip     \hfil\rule{6cm}{5mm}\hfil\par     \fontspec{Garuda}     Normal\hfil\sample\par     \textsc{Small Caps\hfil\sample}\par     \textbf{Boldface\hfil\sample}\par     \textit{Italics\hfil\sample}\par\medskip     \hfil\rule{6cm}{5mm}\hfil\par     \fontspec{Times New Roman}     Normal\hfil\sample\par     \textsc{Small Caps\hfil\sample}\par     \textbf{Boldface\hfil\sample}\par     \textit{Italics\hfil\sample}\par     \end{document}      `\listfiles` output:                *File List*      article.cls    2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class       size10.clo    2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)     fontspec.sty    2013/05/20 v2.3c Font selection for XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX        expl3.sty    2013/07/28 v4582 L3 Experimental code bundle wrapper      l3names.sty    2012/12/07 v4346 L3 Namespace for primitives     l3bootstrap.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Experimental bootstrap code         etex.sty    1998/03/26 v2.0 eTeX basic definition package (PEB)     l3basics.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Basic definitions      l3expan.sty    2013/07/24 v4565 L3 Argument expansion         l3tl.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Token lists        l3seq.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Sequences and stacks        l3int.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Integers      l3quark.sty    2013/07/21 v4564 L3 Quarks        l3prg.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Control structures      l3clist.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Comma separated lists      l3token.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Experimental token manipulation       l3prop.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Property lists        l3msg.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Messages       l3file.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 File and I/O operations       l3skip.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Dimensions and skips       l3keys.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Experimental key-value interfaces         l3fp.sty    2013/07/09 v4521 L3 Floating points        l3box.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Experimental boxes     l3coffins.sty    2012/09/09 v4212 L3 Coffin code layer      l3color.sty    2012/08/29 v4156 L3 Experimental color support     l3luatex.sty    2013/07/28 v4581 L3 Experimental LuaTeX-specific functions     l3candidates.sty    2013/07/24 v4576 L3 Experimental additions to l3kernel        ifpdf.sty    2011/01/30 v2.3 Provides the ifpdf switch (HO)       xparse.sty    2013/07/28 v4582 L3 Experimental document command parser     fontspec-patches.sty    2013/05/20 v2.3c Font selection for XeLaTeX and LuaLaTe     X     fixltx2e.sty    2006/09/13 v1.1m fixes to LaTeX     fontspec-xetex.sty    2013/05/20 v2.3c Font selection for XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX      fontenc.sty       eu1enc.def    2010/05/27 v0.1h Experimental Unicode font encodings       eu1lmr.fd    2009/10/30 v1.6 Font defs for Latin Modern     xunicode.sty    2011/09/09 v0.981 provides access to latin accents and many oth     er characters in Unicode lower plane      eu1lmss.fd    2009/10/30 v1.6 Font defs for Latin Modern     graphicx.sty    1999/02/16 v1.0f Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)       keyval.sty    1999/03/16 v1.13 key=value parser (DPC)     graphics.sty    2009/02/05 v1.0o Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)         trig.sty    1999/03/16 v1.09 sin cos tan (DPC)     graphics.cfg    2010/04/23 v1.9 graphics configuration of TeX Live        xetex.def    2013/04/29 v0.96 LaTeX color/graphics driver for XeTeX (RRM/JK)          fontspec.cfg      xltxtra.sty    2010/09/20 v0.5e Improvements for the "XeLaTeX" format     ifluatex.sty    2010/03/01 v1.3 Provides the ifluatex switch (HO)      ifxetex.sty    2010/09/12 v0.6 Provides ifxetex conditional     realscripts.sty    2013/03/18 v0.3c Access OpenType subscripts and superscripts          metalogo.sty    2010/05/29 v0.12 Extended TeX logo macros        t3cmr.fd    2001/12/31 TIPA font definitions      Finally, version info for my OS and TeX distribution:               XeTeX 3.1415926-2.5-0.9999.3-2013060708 (TeX Live 2013)     kpathsea version 6.1.1     Copyright 2013 SIL International and Jonathan Kew.     There is NO warranty.  Redistribution of this software is     covered by the terms of both the XeTeX copyright and     the Lesser GNU General Public License.     For more information about these matters, see the file     named COPYING and the XeTeX source.     Primary author of XeTeX: Jonathan Kew.     Compiled with ICU version 51.1; using 51.1     Compiled with zlib version 1.2.7; using 1.2.7     Compiled with FreeType2 version 2.4.11; using 2.4.11     Compiled with Graphite2 version 1.2.1; using 1.2.1     Compiled with HarfBuzz version 0.9.15; using 0.9.15     Compiled with fontconfig version 2.10.93; using 2.8.0     Compiled with libpng version 1.5.16; using 1.5.16     Compiled with poppler version 0.22.2               LSB Version:    core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch     Distributor ID: Ubuntu     Description:    Ubuntu 11.10     Release:    11.10     Codename:   oneiric


title: pdfcrop results in fmtutils.cnf not found

text: I just tried `pdfcrop` but it results in an error message telling me that the file `fmtutil.cnf` was not found. The complete error message is:               pdfcrop testfile.pdf     PDFCROP 1.38, 2012/11/02 - Copyright (c) 2002-2012 by Heiko Oberdiek.          kpathsea: Running mktexfmt pdftex.fmt     /usr/local/bin/mktexfmt: 395: /usr/local/bin/mktexfmt: /texconfig/tcfmgr: not found     fmtutil: config file `fmtutil.cnf' not found.     !!! Error: pdfTeX run failed with value 1!      `locate fmtutil.cnf` results in:               /usr/local/share/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.5        /usr/local/share/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.man5.pdf     /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.5     /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.man5.pdf     /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/web2c/fmtutil.cnf     /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-var/web2c/fmtutil.cnf     /var/lib/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf      I am using texlive on ubuntu 13.10 (manually installed):               tlmgr --version     tlmgr revision 31673 (2013-09-16 18:03:22 +0200)     tlmgr using installation: /usr/local/texlive/2013     TeX Live (http://tug.org/texlive) version 2013      Any idea how to fix this? `echo $PATH` gives this:               /opt/texlive/2009/bin/x86_64-linux:/home/myuser/bin/aliases:/home/myuser/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games:/var/lib/gems/1.8/bin      `which pdfcrop` gives `/usr/local/bin/pdfcrop` and               ls -l $(which pdfcrop)     lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 48 Jan  1 16:03 /usr/local/bin/pdfcrop -> /usr/local/texlive/2013/bin/x86_64-linux/pdfcrop      `kpsewhich pdfcrop` results in nothing.


title: Different item symbols in a single list

text: I want this enumerate list to the following things:   1. Only the questions are labeled by (a), (b), (c). The answers should not be labeled at all.    2. These six lines should appear one by one. At first, only the first question is shown, followed by its answer after I press next page. Then the second question, then the second answer, ...              \documentclass[]{beamer}          \begin{document}          \begin{frame}     \frametitle{Example}     \begin{enumerate}[(a)]     \item<1-> Q: what is the answer to the first question?     \item<2-> A: The answer is A.     \item<3-> Q: what is the answer to the second question?     \item<4-> A: The answer is B.     \item<5-> Q: what is the answer to the second question?     \item<6-> A: The answer is C.     \end{enumerate}     \end{frame}          \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/MbDwT.png)


title: Only display savebox if own command is given

text: I'm experiencing a quite complicated and hard-to-explain problem: I'm using own commands that create and fill saveboxes if they are called in the main `tex` file. Like this:               \newcommand{\Hello}[1]{\newsavebox{\HelloBox}\sbox{\Hellobox}{#1}}      Later on in the document, these boxes are being called and displayed:               \usebox{\Hellobox}      This works fine. What I'm achieving with this is that commands are given in the main document and I can align and layout them the way I want, no matter when which command is given. **My problem:** This has to be conditional, i.e.: if the command `\Hello` is not called in the main document, `\usebox{\Hellobox}` must not be called either, because obviously it won't work because the box is not created. _Unfortunately, I'm not allowed to use_ `if` _constructions._ What I'm trying to achieve as pseudo code:               if \Hello is being called in the main document         create a savebox and fill it with content     if \Hello is not being called in the main document         maybe create the savebox, but don't call it


title: Plotting graph and data with PSTricks: Wrong scaling

text: Consider the following code:               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{pst-plot}          \begin{document}          % options     \psset{       xunit = 5,       yunit = 50     }     % constants.     \def\masse{0.183276667}  % kg     \def\kraft{0.0278661}    % N     \def\bKonst{0.012}       % kg/s     \def\omegaKonst{12.1278} % s^(-1)     % function     \def\amplitude(#1){\kraft/(\omegaKonst*\masse*sqrt(\omegaKonst^2*(#1)^4+(\bKonst^2/\masse^2-2*\omegaKonst^2)*(#1)^2+\omegaKonst^2))}     % data     \readdata{\resonans}{data-resonans.txt}     % plot     \begin{pspicture}(-0.21,-0.011)(1.83,0.191)       \psaxes[         dx = 0.2,         Dx = 0.2,         dy = 0.02,         Dy = 0.005,         comma       ]{->}(0,0)(1.5,0.09)[$\omega_{\textup{SHB}}/\omega_{\textup{d}}$,0][$A$~(m),90]       \listplot[         plotstyle = dots,         dotstyle = o,         fillcolor = red       ]{\resonans}       \psplot[         algebraic,         plotpoints = 1000,         linecolor = blue       ]{0}{1.5}{\amplitude(x)}     \end{pspicture}          \end{document}      ![output](http://i.stack.imgur.com/2CsqI.jpg) How do I get the same output as the following? ![Mathematica](http://i.stack.imgur.com/123yh.jpg) The data can be downloaded from http://gupl.dk/705814/.


title: Two-column beamer ToC with control over the breaking point

text: From Splitting TOC into two columns on single frame in beamer, I'd like to know whether it is possible to control the position of the breaking point between column 1 and column 2?


title: \footcite in Beamer

text: I'm using `biblatex` and its `\footcite` command within `beamer` and when I want to reference two references together like `\footcite{ref1,ref2}`, I get a single number with two contiguous references as footnote? my `biblatex` code is as follows and i am not sure waht is wrong:               \usepackage[style=verbose,autocite=footnote,maxnames=10,babel=hyphen,hyperref=true,abbreviate=false,backend=biber]{biblatex}


title: How to rename theorem (or lemma) in Beamer?

text: I usually write theorem as follows:               \begin{theorem}[abc]     ...     \end{theorem}      Then the title will be `Theorem (abc)`. I would like to name it differently, for instance, "Theorem of abc", "ABC theorem"... Could anyone tell me how to do it? Thank you very much!


title: How to install verse package?

text: How can I install the `verse` package? I did not find it in my Ubuntu 10.1. Through a Google search I went to: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/verse and followed the instructions. It gave me the following error:               (./verse.ins     *** Generating the LaTeX2e package files ***          Generating file(s) ./verse.sty      ! Cannot find file verse.dtx.     \readsource ...ot find file \uptospace #1 \qStop }                                                       \else \processedLines \z@ ...     l.56 ...e{\file{verse.sty}{\from{verse.dtx}{usc}}}          ? ^C! Interruption.     \readsource ...t \refusedfiles \empty \csname b@#1                                                       \endcsname \Name \let {b@#...     l.56 ...e{\file{verse.sty}{\from{verse.dtx}{usc}}}          ?


title: How to put placeholder in macros in TexStudio

text: For example, if I launch the macro, `\vec{·}` will be inserted and the cursor will be automatically jumps to `·` so that I can type in. It just like `Ctrl`+`Shift`+`F` for `\frac{·}{·}`. In TexMaker the placeholder seems to be `#INS#`, but it doesn't work in TexStudio.


title: Formatting of equations

text: I have the following equation: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/xDI8w.jpg) But my professor want it to be like this (photoshoped): ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/wVtxD.jpg) He told me, I should use something like "left equation" or so.. I tried the following:               \begin{equation*}     \begin{split}     E_{support(\hat{X})}[support(X)] = \\     & \frac{\mathit{support}(\langle \text{Ware A}, 1, 5\rangle)}{\mathit{support}(\langle \text{Ware A}, 1, 10\rangle)} \cdot \frac{\mathit{support}(\langle \text{Ware B}, 2, 4\rangle)}{\mathit{support}(\langle \text{Ware B}, 2, 4\rangle)} \cdot \mathit{support}(\hat{X})     \end{split}     \end{equation*}      But it doesn't look like it should. Maybe you can help me?! Thank you very much for your support!!


title: How to resize a fomula inside a block?

text: I would like to insert a formula as a `block` in my presentation:               \begin{block}{concretization}{     $\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}%       \begin{array}{l}       \gamma \rightarrow ...       \end{array}$     }\end{block}      The formula is a little bit too large... So should I resize it or change the whole font size of the presentation? Is it possible to let Beamer decide the factor of scaling? Another question is... is it normal that I add `$` in the beginning and the end of `array`, otherwise it gives me an error...


title: Command \algorithmic already defined

text: Here is the list of packages I load for my presentation:               \documentclass{beamer}     \usepackage[frenchb]{babel}     \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage{stmaryrd}     \usepackage{amsthm}     \usepackage{color}     \usepackage{mathtools}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usepackage[boxed]{algorithm2e}     \usepackage{algorithmic}     \usepackage[parfill]{parskip}     \usepackage{stmaryrd}     \usepackage{caption}     \usepackage{amssymb}     \usepackage{amsfonts}     \usepackage{bbm}     \usepackage{bm}     \usepackage{empheq}     \usepackage{framed}     \usepackage{mathbbol}     \usepackage{float}     \usepackage{caption,subcaption}%     \usepackage{calc}% http://ctan.org/pkg/calc     \usepackage{hyperref}     \usepackage{multicol}     \usepackage{environ}     \usetikzlibrary{positioning,shapes,shadows,arrows,shapes.multipart}      There are 4 packages (as follows) that I use for my `article`, but if I add them to the list, it gives me an error `Command \algorithmic already defined`. I guess some packages are not compatible with the one above:               \usepackage{algpseudocode}     \usepackage[all]{xy}     \usepackage{longtable}     \usepackage{listings,xcolor,lipsum}      Without loading the 4 packages, one problem is that a formula like `abc_\textbf{index}` which works in my article does not work anymore, so I need to change it to `abc_{\textbf{index}}`. And I have a lot of formulae having that... So could anyone tell me which package is relevant to that? and how to add it to the list for my presentation? Thank you very much!


title: Space is sometimes gobbled with microtype and url

text: I experimented with condensing URLs slightly and thought everything worked fine, until I noted a problem in the final proofreading. The _first_ "this" in the following minimal example seems to have no space following it (there's "thislacks" in the output, with different fonts though).               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{url}     \usepackage{microtype}     \def\test#1{\textls[-10]{\url{#1}}}     \begin{document}     Note that \test{this} lacks following space, but \test{this} and \test{this} is fine.     \end{document}      I already found out that changing the definition to               \def\test#1{\textls[-10]{\url{#1}}\relax}      repairs the problem, but I really wonder how this could happen in the first place. For without explanation of what went wrong I can never be sure if the remedy really works for all cases, can I? * * * **EDIT:** Here's what `\listfiles` created:                *File List*      article.cls    2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class       size10.clo    2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)          url.sty    2006/04/12  ver 3.3  Verb mode for urls, etc.     microtype.sty    2009/03/27 v2.3d Micro-typography with pdfTeX (RS)       keyval.sty    1999/03/16 v1.13 key=value parser (DPC)     microtype.cfg    2009/03/27 v2.3d microtype main configuration file (RS)       mt-cmr.cfg    2008/02/29 v1.9a microtype config. file: Computer Modern Roman      (RS)      ***********


title: Big shuffle symbol?

text: I am looking for a "big" version (sum-class symbol) of the ш symbol (shuffle product). I only found a binary version. Any ideas?


title: How to level columns in bibliography?

text: I have been writing a scientific paper il Latex for an IEEE conference. The paper style is in 2 columns, and the last page of the paper contains a part of bibliography references. These last references are all on the 1st column, leaving the 2nd column empty. I would like that these last reference lines were equally divided into both columns, as shown in the attached image: ![image](http://i.stack.imgur.com/HQxos.jpg) I hope the image is clear... The bibliography style I've been using is {thebibliography} I knew there is a Latex command that allows me to separate the reference this way. How could I do?


title: Including additional bibliography (publication list) in thesis

text: I have seen Multiple bibliographies (cited references + list of publications) and How can I include a bibliography at the end of each part of a book? but could find an answer. I am writing a thesis where there is an overall bibliography. Plus, I want to make a separate list of my own publications. I tried exactly this: http://memming.isloco.com/ but somehow a bibliography list is not created. Can you please tell, how can I make a separate publication list. I am using university provided thesis, which includes `natbib`, so I am not sure if I can use other packages.


title: How can I build an adjusted coffin?

text: I would like to put several lines of text stacked vertically inside a coffin, and have the coffin be the tightest rectangle containing them. One way to get a coffin containing those lines is to use `\SetVerticalCoffin` with an explicit width argument, but this doesn't make a tight coffin.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{xcoffins}     \begin{document}     \NewCoffin\Text     \SetVerticalCoffin\Text{12em}{\noindent%       email@address.com\\%       My postal address,\\%       99999, BC, Canada%     }     \TypesetCoffin\Text     \end{document}      Another way is to build separate horizontal coffins and join them with the correct alignment, but that doesn't take care of proper line skips (even with the `\strut` inserted).               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{xcoffins}     \begin{document}     \NewCoffin\Tmp     \NewCoffin\Text     \SetHorizontalCoffin\Tmp{\strut email@address.com}     \JoinCoffins\Text[b,l]\Tmp[t,l]     \SetHorizontalCoffin\Tmp{\strut My postal address,}     \JoinCoffins\Text[b,l]\Tmp[t,l]     \SetHorizontalCoffin\Tmp{\strut 99999, BC, Canada}     \JoinCoffins\Text[b,l]\Tmp[t,l]     \TypesetCoffin\Text     \end{document}      Neither approach is great. How do I get the coffin I want?


title: How to center vertical one symbol in my table

text: I know that this question in some way is duplicate, but I spent 2 hours trying some solution that I saw on this csite and I failed to solve my problem. I made next table ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/uVZIH.png) and I would like to center vertical and horizontal that `$\varphi$`, and only that (not month in the same row)               \documentclass[11pt]{article}                     \usepackage[T2A,T1]{fontenc}                      \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}                       \usepackage{amstext,amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}     \usepackage{rotating}                                           \usepackage{iwona}                             \DeclareRobustCommand{\cyr}[1]{%                         {\fontencoding{T2A}\selectfont#1}%                                }                                                \begin{document}      \cyr{ТЕКСТ сдаоп чфиондф фгпоин инафонг ачоигнаои ачоингачфоин}      \begin{table}[!htbp]                                                                                \centering                                                                                \begin{tabular}{cccccccccccccc}                                                                                $\varphi$  & \quad  & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Јануар}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}       {90}\cyr{Фебруар}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Март}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Април}\end{turn} &  \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Мај}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Јун}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Јул}\end{turn} &  \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Август}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Септембар}$\,\,$\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Октобар}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Новембар}\end{turn} & \begin{turn}{90}\cyr{Децембар}\end{turn}\\                                                       \hline                                                                                & & & & & & & & & & & & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ [-1ex]                                                                          $\quad$ & $\quad$ & \multicolumn{12}{c}{\cyr{Трајање грађанског сумрака}}\\                                                         & & & & & & & & & & & & &\\ [-1ex]                                                                                $\circ$   & $\quad$  & m & m & m & m & m & m & m & m & m & m & m & m \\                                                                                40   & $\quad$  & 30 & 28 & 27 & 28 & 31 & 33 & 32 & 29 & 27 & 27 & 29 & 31 \\                                                     42   & $\quad$  & 31 & 29 & 28 & 29 & 32 & 34 & 33 & 30 & 28 & 28 & 30 & 32 \\                                                     44   & $\quad$  & 32 & 30 & 29 & 30 & 34 & 36 & 35 & 31 & 29 & 29 & 31 & 33 \\                                                     46   & $\quad$  & 34 & 31 & 30 & 31 & 35 & 39 & 37 & 33 & 30 & 30 & 32 & 35 \\                                                    & & & & & & & & & & & & &  \\[-1ex]                                                                                $\quad$ & $\quad$ & \multicolumn{12}{c}{\cyr{Трајање астрономског сумрака}}\\                                                       & & & & & & & & & & & & &  \\[-1ex]                                                                                40   & $\quad$  & 96 & 96 & 90 & 97 & 111 & 123 & 117 & 102 & 92 & 90 & 94 & 98 \\                                                 42   & $\quad$  & 99 & 94 & 93 & 101 & 117 & 132 & 125 & 106 & 95 & 93 & 97 & 101\\                                               44   & $\quad$  & 102 & 97 & 97 & 105 & 125 & 145 & 134 & 112 & 99 & 96 & 100 & 105         \\                                             46   & $\quad$  & 106 & 100 & 100 & 110 & 134 & 162 & 147 & 118 & 103 & 99 & 104 & 109 \\                                      \hline                                                                                \end{tabular}                                                                                \end{table}          \cyr{ТЕКСТ сдаоп чфиондф фгпоин инафонг ачоигнаои ачоингачфоин}       \end{document}


title: How to modify side margins in front pages (declared in subenvironment)?

text: I'm about to submit my thesis and I just noticed the first pages have different sidemargins to the rest of the text :(. They are supposed to be 2.5cm and they apper of ~ 1in. I tracked the problem to the different environments I declare for each of these pages but can't figure out how to change them back [I have looked around before asking but haven't find the solution], here's a brief example of one of the environments:               \newenvironment{myenvironment} {\thispagestyle{plain}       \begin{center}       \vspace{0cm}       {\Large \bfseries TITLE}       \end{center}       \vspace{0.5cm}        \begin{quote}}     {\end{quote}}      For some reason the above code overrides the margin settings of the rest of the document. I have tried to declare them inside the environment using `\setlength` and also the geometry package (`\newgeometry{top=X, bottom=Y}`) to no avail. This is my first big LaTeX project so I'm probably missing something here. Thanks!


title: Dynamically format labels/columns of a LaTeX table generated in R/knitr/xtable

text: I have some tables coming from the statistical package R that I want to export in LaTeX markup. I would like to make _every column large as the longest word of its label_ (assuming for simplicity the related tabular values are shorter). If the labels are like such:               Short label     Very long description     Three letter label      then the desired output (including some example values) is:               Short   Very   long     Three     label   description     letter                             label     -----------------------------     1       5               9     2       6               10     3       7               11     4       8               12     -----------------------------      One can do every sort of trickery on table label/values in R, but outside LaTeX, R itself can only count characters of table labels, without knowing the actual space used when they are typeset by the LaTeX engine. ## Main idea The main the idea is to generate, from an R script, the LaTeX code able to _measure_ the words and use the lengths calculated in LaTeX to setup the actual tabular environment. A scratch of the LaTeX measuring document is:               ...     \usepackage{varwidth, calc}          ...          \newlength{\temp}     %% Column 1          \setlength{\temp}{\widthof{\fbox{\begin{varwidth}{\textwidth}     Short\\ label     \end{varwidth}}}}     \the\temp          %% Column 2     \setlength{\temp}{\widthof{\fbox{\begin{varwidth}{\textwidth}     Very \\ long \\ description     \end{varwidth}}}}     \the\temp          %% Column 3     \setlength{\temp}{\widthof{\fbox{\begin{varwidth}{\textwidth}     Three \\ letter \\ label     \end{varwidth}}}}     \the\temp      Latexing it, I get this output:               30.71672pt     54.6612pt     32.38335pt      Now I could parse this output in R and produce the following LaTeX code:               \usepackage{array}     ...     \def\tabcol{p{30.71672pt}p{54.6612pt}p{32.38335pt}}     \expandafter\tabular\expandafter{\tabcol}     \hline     Short label & Very long description & Three letter label \\\hline     1 & 2 &  3     \endtabular      ## Desired solution Instead of parsing the output of the first code snippet in R, I wonder if I can reduce this step and do it straight in LaTeX, that is: can I capture the lengths `\temp` and store them in a sort of "string variable", so that I can use it in the `\tabcol` macro? ## EDIT A number of comments are asking why I am not using knitr/Sweave or the like. I didn't enter into these details to avoid being flagged as off topic. Now I suppose more insights are needed by readers. First I use `Rnw`+`knitr`+`xtable`. R-NoWeb documents are LaTeX docs interspersed with the special markup blocks, denoted "code chunks":               <<...>>      ...      @      where the dots represent R code or options. `knitr` executes the R code inside the code chunks and replaces it the its generated output formatted in LaTeX (if the code produces a figure, knitr will automatically place an `\includegraphics...` pointing to the figure file, unless you opt for a manual control of the LaTeX output). As the knitr parsed file is an "ordinary" LaTeX file, you latex it and your report is done. As for the tables, the module `xtable` can convert R data objects in LaTeX, using several cool LaTeX environments (`booktabs`, `tabularx` etc.). To the best of my knowledge no one can automatically resize table as I am trying to do. `tabularx` does it, but with a different algorithm. Anyway in R it is easy to arrange table data by column and generate for each column a LaTeX output similar to:               %% Column 1     \setlength{\temp}{\widthof{\fbox{\begin{varwidth}{\textwidth}     Short\\ label     \end{varwidth}}}}     \the\temp      As observed above, by compiling these lines (duly repeated for each column) I get the desired sizes. To capture `temp` length I might use:               \immediate\openout\tempfile=lengths.tex     \immediate\write\tempfile{\the\temp}     \immediate\closeout\tempfile      So the actual R-generated file, say `table.tex`, should be similar to:               \usepackage{varwidth, calc}     \usepackage{array}      ...     \newlength{\temp}     \immediate\openout\tempfile=lengths.tex          ...          %% Column 1     \setlength{\temp}{\widthof{\fbox{\begin{varwidth}{\textwidth}     Short\\ label     \end{varwidth}}}}     %\the\temp     \immediate\write\tempfile{\the\temp}          %% Column 2     ...          %% Column n     ...          \immediate\closeout\tempfile     ...      After compiling in LaTeX `table.tex`, `lengths.tex` is produced. `lengths.tex` can be reparsed in R in order to read column values inside. A new `table.tex` can be produced               \usepackage{array}      ...          \def\tabcol{p{...pt}p{...pt}...}     \expand\tabular\expandafter{\tabcol}          \endtabular      `p{...pt}`'s are those obtained from `lengths.tex`. The new `table.tex` can be relatexed to get the final result, but, as told above, I would like to parse the first `table.tex` (or the first pass output `lengths.tex`) straight in LaTeX and automatically (without going back and forth from R to LaTeX).


title: How to colour multiple paragraphs?

text: I have a set of commands in my document's preamble that look like this:               \newcommand{\nathaniel}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{[#1]}}     \newcommand{\anotherAuthor}[1]{\textcolor{darkgreen}{[#1]}}      They are to allow my coauthors and I to make comments in the document that will appear in the pdf, to facilitate working on it. However, we find we quite often want to put several paragraphs inside such a comment (e.g. if we've written some new material that we're not sure about, and we want the other authors to notice it). If I try to do this:               \nathaniel{         one              two      }      then I get this error:               paragraph ended before \@textcolor was complete      I know I can use `\\\` to get a linebreak instead, but I'd prefer it if my custom command would just accept normal paragraph breaks. Is there some command that will cause LaTeX to accept multiple paragraphs as if they were a single one, or some other way to colour multiple paragraphs of text?


title: Centering \vdots in a system of modular equations

text: I want to centering \vdots with \equiv in a system of modular equations. And I tried to use `mathrel{\makebox[\widthof{=}]{\equiv}}` like this one. But XeLaTeX said               ! Extra }, or forgotten $.     \@settodim #1#2#3->\setbox \@tempboxa \hbox {{#3}}                                                   \dimen@ii =\z@ \@tf@r \res...     l.238   \end{frame}          ! Missing number, treated as zero.      My full text:               \[       \begin{cases}         x \equiv a_1 &\pmod{m_1}\\         \mathrel{\makebox[\widthof{\equiv}]{\vdots}}\\         x \equiv a_n &\pmod{m_n}       \end{cases}      \]      And I tried to type `≡` manually, but XeLaTeX can't display it. Any ideas?


title: Overbraces hovering too far above matrix for some reason?

text: I have a matrix with two overbraces above it but they are not directly above it, there is a fair amount of space between the braces and the matrix and I can't see why it is happening.               documentclass[a4paper,12pt,times,numbered,print,index]{article}        \RequirePackage[left=37mm,right=30mm,top=35mm,bottom=30mm]{geometry}     \RequirePackage{libertine}      \RequirePackage[small,bf,labelsep=space,         tableposition=top]{caption}      \usepackage{multirow}       \usepackage{subfig,amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb,braket}     \usepackage{algorithm}% http://ctan.org/pkg/algorithms     \usepackage{algpseudocode}% http://ctan.org/pkg/algorithmicx          \newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash$}p{#1}<{$}}          \begin{document}     \begin{figure}     \centering     \[       \begin{array}{@{}r@{}}         \overbrace{\begin{array}{@{}*{5}{C{1.5em}}@{}}           &&&&&&         \end{array}}^{\text{$m$ terms}}         \overbrace{\begin{array}{@{}*{5}{C{1.5em}}@{}}           &&&&&&         \end{array}}^{\text{$m$ terms}} \hspace*{10pt}\\[-.5\normalbaselineskip]       \Rightarrow:        \hspace*{-\nulldelimiterspace}         \left[\begin{array}{@{}*{10}{C{1.5em}}@{}}             1  & 1  & 0 & \cdots   & \cdots    & 0  & 0  & 0          & \cdots  & 0     \\             0  & 0  & 0 & \cdots   & \cdots    & 1    & -1 & 0          & \cdots  & 0 \\             0  & 0        & \cdots     & \cdots   & \cdots    & \cdots           & \cdots      & \cdots        & \cdots  & 0 \\             0  & 0 & \cdots & \cdots         & \cdots    & \cdots          & \cdots              & \cdots        & \cdots  & 0 \\         \end{array}\right]       \end{array}     \]          \end{figure}     \end{document}      How can I get these braces directly over the matrix as is usually the case?


title: How to get a slanted schwa sign in \textsuperscript size?

text: There are in Tipa package two options: `\schwa` which makes slanted “schwa” of a peculiar size, and `\textschwa` which adjust to the text-size (for example when in `\textsuperscript`, it gets the right dimension), but unfortunately is not slanted. How to get a slanted schwa sign in superscript?               \documentclass[a4,pdftex,dev]{book}     \usepackage[noenc]{tipa}     \begin{document}     \textit{ahmiia zaoth etc}\textit{\textsuperscript{{\textschwa}}}     \end{document}


title: Line of best fit with equations

text: New to LaTeX, and was hoping someone would be kind enough to give me a hand with trying to draw lines of best fit to these data points. I have included the example I am working on.               \documentclass[]{article}     \usepackage{filecontents,pgfplots}     \usepackage{pgfplotstable}     % recommended:     \usepackage{booktabs}     \usepackage{array}     \usepackage{colortbl}     %\usepgfplotslibrary{clickable}     \pgfdeclareplotmark{halfcircle}{%     \begin{pgfscope}     \pgfsetfillcolor{white}%     \pgfpathcircle{\pgfpoint{0pt}{0pt}}     {\pgfplotmarksize}     \pgfusepathqfillstroke     \end{pgfscope}%     \pgfpathmoveto     {\pgfpoint{\pgfplotmarksize}{0pt}}     \pgfpatharc{0}{180}{\pgfplotmarksize}     \pgfpathclose     \pgfusepathqfill     }          \begin{filecontents}{conductivity.dat}     L(cm)   50mA    100mA  200mA 400mA 800mA 1000mA     0.0000  0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000     2.0000  0.0342 0.0635 0.128 0.260 0.520 0.650     3.0000  0.0555 0.1043 0.212 0.423 0.840 1.030     4.0000  0.1104 0.2064 0.396 0.809 1.300 1.700     6.0000  0.1350 0.2426 0.502 1.034 2.010 2.471     7.0000  0.1669 0.3326 0.673 1.339 2.610 3.140          \end{filecontents}          \begin{document}     \pgfplotstableread{conductivity.dat}{\conductivity}     \centering     \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]     \begin{axis}[xmin = 0, ymin = 0,                 xlabel=Bed depth (cm),                 ylabel = Voltage,                  width=1.2\textwidth,                 height=0.8\textwidth, legend pos={north west},                 xticklabel style={/pgf/number format/1000 sep=}]     \addplot+[only marks][black, mark = otimes] table [x={L(cm)}, y={50mA}] {\conductivity};\addlegendentry{50mA}     \addplot+[only marks] [mark = star, black] table [x={L(cm)}, y={100mA}] {\conductivity};\addlegendentry{100mA}     \addplot+[only marks] [mark = o, black ] table [x={L(cm)}, y={200mA}] {\conductivity};\addlegendentry{200mA}     \addplot+[only marks] [mark = +, black] table [x={L(cm)}, y={400mA}] {\conductivity};\addlegendentry{400mA}     \addplot+[only marks] [mark = oplus, black] table [x={L(cm)}, y={800mA}] {\conductivity};\addlegendentry{800mA}     \addplot+[only marks] [mark=halfcircle, black] table [x={L(cm)}, y={1000mA}] {\conductivity};\addlegendentry{1000mA}     \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}


title: TikZ: Skinny ellipse around two horizontally and vertically offset nodes in a tree

text: As a follow up question to draw an ellipse into a Tree picture -tikz package, how would one go about making a skinnier ellipse that encircles two horizontally and vertically offset nodes in a tree? ### MWE               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{tikz}     \usepackage{tikz-qtree}     \usetikzlibrary{shapes,fit}          \begin{document}          \begin{tikzpicture}         \Tree         [.\node(1){asdfasdf};             [.\node(2){hjklhjkl}; ]             [.qwerqwer ]         ]         \node[draw,ellipse,fit=(1.north east)(2.south west)]{};     \end{tikzpicture}          \end{document}      ### Result ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/YV2Ml.png) ### Desired result (Line thickness and color are irrelevant; excuse the shakiness of my freehand drawing with a mouse.) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/NaCAd.png)


title: Using pgfplots, why do minor ticks disappear when I change the base in logarithmic plots?

text: Plotting the same thing, just with different values for `log basis y`, the minor ticks disappear.               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{fullpage}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usepackage{pgfplots}          \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{semilogyaxis}[log basis y=10]     \addplot coordinates {         (0, 1)         (1, 2)         (2, 4)         (3, 8)         (4, 16)         (5, 32)     };     \end{semilogyaxis}     \end{tikzpicture}     \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{semilogyaxis}[log basis y=5]     \addplot coordinates {         (0, 1)         (1, 2)         (2, 4)         (3, 8)         (4, 16)         (5, 32)     };     \end{semilogyaxis}     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/2zhpZ.png) Is there any way to make them reappear?


title: Generate Mandelbrot images using TikZ?

text: In my thesis that I'm writing on, I'm using a Mandelbrot generator to test an application I've written. To explain a certain problem discussed in the report an actual generated image need to be included. Since every figure in the report so far has been generated using TikZ, I'm wondering whether I could also generate the Mandelbrot image using TikZ. But would it possible?


title: ToC fine, but wrong hierarchical structure of index

text: I'm using Springer's _svmult_ template for an edited book. The header of each article inside the book looks like this:               \title{Article's Title}     \author{Author's Name}     \institute{\texttt{author@email.com}}     \maketitle      The Table of Contents (ToC) of the book looks fine, with               \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}      but the _index_ (the document tree-structure seen at the left-hand side in a PDF viewer) has the wrong hierarchical structure and includes the author names as book section, more or less like this:               I part 1        1 chapter 1            Author Name               section 1                  subsection 1                  subsection 2               section 2                   subsection 1                   subsection 2            II part 2               2 chapter 2                  Author Name                     section 1                     ...                  III part 3                      3 chapter 3                         Author Name                            section 1                            ....      So everything is nested inside part 1, the author name is considered as a section, and the following part 2 (e.g.) is nested inside this 'author name' section. Clearly wrong. Is that a known problem with _svmult_? When I download the template-folder and compile the sample _editor.tex_ file, my PDF viewer does not show an index at all for the resulting PDF. Or did I mess up something myself? What might be the cause of the problem? **EDIT:** Here is a minimal example that shows the described symptoms:                         %     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file editor.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     % sample root file for a complete "contributed book"     %     % "contributed book"     %     % Copy it to a new file with a new name and     % use it as a template for your own input.     %     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%               \documentclass{svmult}     % \documentclass[parskip=full]{svmult}          % choose options for [] as required from the list     % in the Reference Guide, Sect. 2.2          \usepackage{makeidx}         % allows index generation     \usepackage{graphicx}        % standard LaTeX graphics tool                                  % when including figure files     \usepackage{multicol}        % used for the two-column index     \usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}% places footnotes at page bottom     \usepackage{hyperref}     \usepackage{parskip}     % \usepackage[margin=4cm]{geometry}     \usepackage{fancybox}     \usepackage{varioref}     \usepackage{refstyle}     \usepackage{here}     \usepackage{url}     % etc.     % see the list of further useful packages     % in the Reference Guide, Sects. 2.3, 3.1-3.3          \makeindex             % used for the subject index                            % please use the style sprmidx.sty with                            % your makeindex program          % depth table of content     \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}     % more space between section numbers and headlines in toc     \addtolength\tocsecnum{2ex}     \addtolength\tocsubsecnum{2ex}     \addtolength\tocsubsubsecnum{2ex}     \calctocindent               %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%          \begin{document}          % \pagestyle{empty}     % \include{frontmatter/titlepage}                %%-- TEMPLATE FOR SECTIONS ----------------------               \frontmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%          % \include{frontmatter/dedic}     % \include{frontmatter/pref}          \tableofcontents          % \include{frontmatter/cblist}          \mainmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%          \part{Part 1}          \title{Article 1}     \author{Author 1}     \institute{\texttt{author1@email.com}}          \maketitle          \begin{abstract}       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do       eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim       ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut       aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in       reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla       pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in       culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.     \end{abstract}          \section{Section 1.1}     \label{sec:1.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \section{Section 1.2}     \label{sec:1.2}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \subsection{Subsection 1.2.1}     \label{sec:1.2.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \title{Article 2}     \author{Author 2}     \institute{\texttt{author2@email.com}}          \maketitle          \begin{abstract}       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do       eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim       ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut       aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in       reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla       pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in       culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.     \end{abstract}          \section{Section 2.1}     \label{sec:2.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \section{Section 2.2}     \label{sec:2.2}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \subsection{Subsection 2.2.1}     \label{sec:2.2.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.          \part{Part 2}          \title{Article 3}     \author{Author 3}     \institute{\texttt{author3@email.com}}          \maketitle               \begin{abstract}       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do       eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim       ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut       aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in       reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla       pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in       culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.     \end{abstract}          \section{Section 3.1}     \label{sec:3.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \section{Section 3.2}     \label{sec:3.2}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \subsection{Subsection 3.2.1}     \label{sec:3.2.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.          \title{Article 4}     \author{Author 4}     \institute{\texttt{author4@email.com}}          \maketitle          \begin{abstract}       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do       eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim       ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut       aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in       reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla       pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in       culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.     \end{abstract}          \section{Section 4.1}     \label{sec:4.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \section{Section 4.2}     \label{sec:4.2}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \subsection{Subsection 4.4.1}     \label{sec:4.2.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.          \part{Part 3}          \title{Article 5}     \author{Author 5}     \institute{\texttt{author5@email.com}}          \maketitle               \begin{abstract}       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do       eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim       ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut       aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in       reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla       pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in       culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.     \end{abstract}          \section{Section 5.1}     \label{sec:5.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \section{Section 5.2}     \label{sec:5.2}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \subsection{Subsection 5.2.1}     \label{sec:5.2.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.          \title{Article 6}     \author{Author 6}     \institute{\texttt{author6@email.com}}          \maketitle               \begin{abstract}       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do       eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim       ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut       aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in       reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla       pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in       culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.     \end{abstract}          \section{Section 6.1}     \label{sec:6.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \section{Section 6.2}     \label{sec:6.2}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \subsection{Subsection 6.6.1}     \label{sec:6.2.1}          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do     eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad     minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut     aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in     reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla     pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in     culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.               \backmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%#     \appendix     % \include{backmatter/appendix}     \printindex          %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%          \end{document}                **EDIT 2:** Using package _bookmark_ (almost) solves the problem, only when there are two authors for an article there are still problems. Replace               \title{Article 1}     \author{Author 1}     \institute{\texttt{author1@email.com}}      in the MWE above with               \title{Article 1}     \author{Marco Author1 \inst{1}\and     Jos\'{e} Author2 \inst{2}}     \institute{     \texttt{author1@email.com}     \and \texttt{author2@email.com}}      and there is an error message:                         ERROR: Missing \endcsname inserted.          --- TeX said ---                              \csname\endcsname     l.83           --- HELP ---     From the .log file...          The control sequence marked  should     not appear between \csname and \endcsname.                and it looks strange in the pdf index:               Marco Author1 cl@@auth and Jose Author2


title: How to avoid empty space caused by TikZ

text: When adding a background image by `TikZ` on a custom page, it leaves an empty space where the `TikZ` code is incorporated into the document. For example,               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{lipsum}     \usepackage{tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{calc}     \title{Test Title}     \author{A name}     \begin{document}     \maketitle     \tikz[overlay,remember picture]{%     \node [rotate=45] at ($(current page.north west)+(7,-7)$) {\Huge\textcolor{gray}{TikZ}};     }     \section{First}     \lipsum[1]     \section{Second}     \subsection{This is not nice}     \lipsum[1]     \subsection{This is fine}     \lipsum[1]     \end{document}      As you can see in the below examples, the `TikZ` code leaves a footprint on the document (an empty space after `\maketitle` before the first section). This is not where the TikZ image is drawn (which is in the margin), but this is where the TikZ code is incorporated into the `TeX` document. How do we treat the `TikZ` code to avoid its footprint on the actual document? Figure 1: Without `TikZ` code (no extra space before the first section) Figure 2: With `TikZ` code (an extra space added before the first section) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/NFusG.png) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/XftNL.png)


title: how to make longtable continue a long row to next page?

text: I have a long table of 4 rows. I'd like help to make the table look better. (based on comments, this is not possible to do using `longtable`. Is there a different table environment or package I can use to do this? as long as the data remains all in a table looking environment of some sort, I am ok with it). The second row is small, and the third row is large. Latex leaves lots of empty space after the second row before starting the third row ![Mathematica graphics](http://i.stack.imgur.com/tYzUa.png) The third row is large, and longtable does not break this row but overflows to the bottom of the page. How to correct this output? ![Mathematica graphics](http://i.stack.imgur.com/N47Cl.png) MWE:               \documentclass[11pt]{article}     \usepackage{longtable}     \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}     \begin{document}          \begin{center}     \begin{longtable}[c]{|p{1.5in}|p{4.5in}|}\hline          Row 1&1, 286, 484, 507, 790, 920 \\\hline     Row 2&16, 22, 80, 81, 83, 86, 127, 188, 266, 365, 385, 394, 400, 402, 404, 413, 414, 416, 428, 429, 430, 451, 465, 467, 468, 479, 487, 489, 494, 504, 509, 513, 515, 523, 524, 527, 528, 530, 533, 534, 535, 538, 541, 542, 544, 546, 550, 555, 561, 566, 567, 570, 620, 638, 639, 640, 672, 701, 703, 706, 714, 730, 735, 743, 745, 746, 747, 752, 759, 769, 776, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 807, 854, 855, 862, 889, 892, 909, 913, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 922, 923, 925, 926, 929, 932, 942, 953, 961, 996, 1000 \\\hline     Row 3&2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 204, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 396, 397, 398, 399, 401, 403, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 415, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 462, 463, 464, 466, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 481, 483, 486, 488, 490, 491, 492, 493, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 505, 508, 511, 512, 514, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 525, 526, 529, 532, 536, 539, 540, 545, 547, 548, 549, 551, 552, 553, 554, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 562, 563, 564, 565, 568, 569, 571, 573, 574, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 702, 704, 705, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 731, 732, 734, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 744, 748, 749, 750, 751, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 787, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 836, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 886, 887, 888, 890, 891, 893, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 910, 911, 912, 914, 921, 924, 927, 928, 930, 931, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 997, 998, 999 \\\hline     Row 4&38, 47, 48, 49, 50, 55, 56, 74, 79, 82, 87, 110, 121, 202, 203, 205, 206, 219, 234, 237, 250, 253, 265, 269, 331, 340, 367, 368, 370, 383, 395, 452, 460, 461, 480, 482, 485, 503, 506, 510, 531, 537, 543, 572, 575, 576, 733, 788, 789, 835, 837, 885, 894\\\hline     \end{longtable}     \end{center}          \end{document}      Using texlive 2014


title: How to get email to show in color when typed in text?

text: In LaTeX's `article` documentclass, how do I (using `hyperref`, if I understood right) get email links to show in color (say, red) when I type them in the middle of a paragraph?


title: Vertical spacing between fractions in matrix environment

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  How can I increase the line spacing in a matrix?   >  Using display style fraction in a matrix environment   >  How to add extra spaces between rows in tabular environment? When a fraction is used in a `matrix` environment, not enough vertical space is put between the rows. Wikibooks recommends using the `\em` command, but this seems like an inelegant solution. Is there an elegant solution?


title: Using display style fraction in a matrix environment

text: I'd like use the `\dfrac` command in a `bmatrix` environment as follows:               \documentclass{article}     \usepackage{amsmath}          \begin{document}          \[     \begin{bmatrix}       \dfrac{\partial f}{\partial x}       \\       \dfrac{\partial f}{\partial y}     \end{bmatrix}     \]          \end{document}      Unfortunately, one gets pretty ugly spaced elements that do not entirely fit between matrix brackets ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/xlQMo.png) Without specifying magic line skip values, what is the proper way to fix this problem?


title: Brace and Array with \frac and \cos, Height

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Using display style fraction in a matrix environment How do I create a left brace for an array such that it surrounds all the elements of the array? This is happening whenever one of the elements is \cos with \frac as its mandatory argument. Minimal Working Example:               \documentclass{article}          \usepackage{amsmath}          \begin{document}     \begin{equation*}     \mathbf{A} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{2}}} \left[     \begin{array}{c}     1 \\     \cos\frac{2\pi}{n} \\     \vdots \\     \cos\frac{2\pi(n-1)}{n}     \end{array}     \right.     \end{equation*}     \end{document}      Thanks.


title: How can I increase the line spacing in a matrix?

text: I'm trying to create a `pmatrix` whose components are rather complicated fractions (Christoffel symbols), and the line spacing is too small making the whole thing a bit cramped and hard to read. Is there any easy way to increase the spacing (about 1.5 the default would be perfect)?


title: Change the color of footnote marker in LaTeX

text: I'm trying to do up a resume in LaTeX however I'm wanting to use a different color for the footnote markers so that it's clear that they are not part of the normal text.               PHP, Java, C\footnote{It has been many years since I've used this in a project}, Python      This results in the following, which ends up looking like C^1:   ![PHP, Java, C^1, Python](http://i.stack.imgur.com/jK9VF.png) How do I change the font color of the "1" to a light grey so that it's more obvious that it's separate from the main body of text.


title: As my exponentials in TikZ plot a parabolic style function, do I install CVS version, and how?

text: I'm very new to LaTeX. I have read Is plotting exponential graphs a known source of bugs in TikZ? and implemented the code Jake supplied and this fixed the current problem. Thanks Jake :). On this same page and in other forums people have mentioned a CVS install, should I take this step? I don't really know what it is as I use MikTex 2.9 and it says TikZ is current, yet my exponential graphs are the only one's that break. I am a math teacher/tutor and trying to use LaTeX for all my documents now, it's a big learning curve but the results are worth it. So will a CVS install be of greater benefit? And if so, how do I install this with the MikTeX Manager, or else wise.


title: MikTeX difference between Maintenance and Maintenance (Admin)

text: What's the difference between this to options to install and manage packages? And which one is better to use for regular LaTeX typesetting?


title: BibTex: citing IEEE standard

text: My downloaded citation looks like this:               @ARTICLE{893287,      author={},      journal={IEEE Std. 1516-2000}, title={IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M Amp;S) High Level Architecture (HLA) - Framework and Rules},      year={2000},      month={ },      volume={},      number={},      pages={i -22},      keywords={Keywords: architecture, class attribute, federate, federation, federation execution, federation object model, framework, high level architecture, instance attribute, interaction class, joined federate, object class, object model template, rules, runtime infrastructure, simulation object model;},      doi={10.1109/IEEESTD.2000.92296},      ISSN={},}      After typesetting, it looks like this: > [1] Ieee standard for modeling and simulation (m amp;s) high level archi- > tecture (hla) - framework and rules. IEEE Std. 1516-2000, pages i --22, > 2000. But I was wondering whether it should look like this: > [2] IEEE Std 1516-2000. IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) High > Level Architecture (HLA) - Framework and Rules. Technical report, IEEE. The later one was found while I was reading someone else's bibliography, and I think it just looks better than mine (for example it has **M &S** instead of **m amp;s** ). However I wasn't sure about this. So which one is better, [1] or [2]? Is there a rule?


title: Difference between draw=none and draw opacity=0 (also for fill=none and fill opacity=0)?

text: What is the difference between the TikZ key-value pairs `draw=none` and `draw opacity=0`? Are they functionally equivalent, or are there situations in which one should be preferred over another? Similarly, what is the difference between `fill=none` and `fill opacity=0`?


title: put ending text at the beginning of next page

text: I have some text at the end of my page and I would put it at the beginning of the next page.which could be the best way to have this result?