title: What to do when you removed execute permission from some system binaries or libraries?

text: It seems I removed executability from system binaries, resulting in loads of `Permission denied`. Do I have to force reboot into host's rescue mode or is there something else I can do while I'm still connected via SSH ? I'm sure forcibly rebooting will cause data loss.               root@rautamiekka:~# find / '(' -iname '*.vpk' -o -iname '*.txt' -o -iname '*.inf' -o -iname '*.bsp' -o -iname '*.so' -o -iname '*.image' -o -iname '*.cfg' -o -iname '*.swf' -o -iname '*.png' -o -iname '*.dds' -o -iname '*.cur' -o -iname '*.vfont' -o -iname '*.tga' -o -iname '*.ico' -o -iname '*.icns' -o -iname '*.db' -o -iname '*.cache' -o -iname '*.rad' -o -iname '*.dylib' -o -iname '*.mp3' -o -iname '*.sfk' -o -iname '*.vmf' -o -iname '*.vmt' -o -iname '*.3ds' -o -iname '*.dxf' -o -iname '*.jpg' -o -iname '*.scr' -o -iname '*.lst' -o -iname '*.vdf' -o -iname '*.gam' -o -iname '*.dsp' -o -iname '*.nut' -o -iname '*.ekv' -o -iname '*.rc' -o -iname '*.raw' -o -iname '*.nav' -o -iname '*.manifest' -o -iname '*.vbf' -o -iname '*.kv' -o -iname '*.vfe' -o -iname '*.doc' -o -iname '*.flt' -o -iname '*.1' -o -iname '*.pak' -o -iname '*.asi' -o -iname '*.xml' -o -iname '*.6' -o -iname '*.lua' -o -iname '*.res' -o -iname '*.ttf' -o -iname '*.mix' -o -iname '*.wav' -o -iname '*.vcs' -o -iname '*.vtf' -o -iname '*.exe' -o -iname '*.cab' -o -iname '*.dll' ')' -executable -type f -exec chmod -v a-x '{}' ';'     mode of `/usr/lib/monodoc/browser.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/mono-service/2.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/mono-service/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/3.5/xbuild.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/mono-configuration-crypto/4.0/mono-configuration-crypto.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/al.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/xbuild.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mcs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/ilasm.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mkbundle.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/resgen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/monop.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/wsdl.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/gacutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/monolinker.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/gmcs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/RabbitMQ.Client.Apigen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mdoc.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/genxs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/xsd.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/al.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/secutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/dtd2rng.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/httpcfg.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sqlsharp.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/xbuild.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/svcutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/macpack.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/disco.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mconfig.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-api-diff.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-shlib-cop.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/permview.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-cil-strip.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/ccrewrite.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/ilasm.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mkbundle.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/installvst.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/culevel.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/dtd2xsd.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/resgen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/monop.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/wsdl.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/caspol.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/setreg.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sqlmetal.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/gacutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/browsercaps-updater.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-api-info.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/csharp.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sgen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mozroots.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/soapsuds.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/monolinker.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mod.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/signcode.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/installutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/makecert.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/lc.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/dmcs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sn.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-xmltool.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/chktrust.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/cert2spc.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/certmgr.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/pdb2mdb.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/RabbitMQ.Client.Apigen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/genxs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/xsd.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/ictool.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/plugins/dropin.cache' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdeploy.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libj2gss.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libavplugin.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libverify.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libunpack.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libinstrument.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/liblcms.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libzip.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjdwp.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libmlib_image.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnet.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsaproc.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjava.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdcpr.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnio.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdecora_sse.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnpt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font_freetype.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libfxplugins.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libprism_sw.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjfxwebkit.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjpeg.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/jvm.cfg' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libj2pcsc.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libawt_xawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libglass.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsplashscreen.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font_pango.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libfontmanager.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsdt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libj2pkcs11.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_iio.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsctp.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjaas_unix.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font_t2k.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libgstreamer-lite.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjava_crw_demo.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjfxmedia.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libawt_headless.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdt_socket.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libkcms.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libprism_common.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libt2k.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/jli/libjli.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsound.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libattach.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libmanagement.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsig.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libprism_es2.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libhprof.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjfr.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsunec.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsoundalsa.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/jvm.hprof.txt' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.gtk.linux.x86_64_1.1.200.v20120913-144807/eclipse_1502.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/missioncontrol/libcairo-swt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/amd64/libjawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/amd64/jli/libjli.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/visualvm/profiler/lib/deployed/jdk16/linux-amd64/libprofilerinterface.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/visualvm/profiler/lib/deployed/jdk15/linux-amd64/libprofilerinterface.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/bin/cpp-4.6' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/klibc-bhN-zLH5wUTKSCGch2ba2xqTtLE.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #Other lines telling X was removed. Then ...     #§find: `chmod': Permission denied§ many times.          #It seems removing X from some SO files caused this. I didn't think that would cause problems, but it did.     #mode of `/lib/klibc-bhN-zLH5wUTKSCGch2ba2xqTtLE.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)          root@rautamiekka:~# find / '(' -iname '*.vpk' -o -iname '*.txt' -o -iname '*.inf' -o -iname '*.bsp' -o -iname '*.so' -o -iname '*.image' -o -iname '*.cfg' -o -iname '*.swf' -o -iname '*.png' -o -iname '*.dds' -o -iname '*.cur' -o -iname '*.vfont' -o -iname '*.tga' -o -iname '*.ico' -o -iname '*.icns' -o -iname '*.db' -o -iname '*.cache' -o -iname '*.rad' -o -iname '*.dylib' -o -iname '*.mp3' -o -iname '*.sfk' -o -iname '*.vmf' -o -iname '*.vmt' -o -iname '*.3ds' -o -iname '*.dxf' -o -iname '*.jpg' -o -iname '*.scr' -o -iname '*.lst' -o -iname '*.vdf' -o -iname '*.gam' -o -iname '*.dsp' -o -iname '*.nut' -o -iname '*.ekv' -o -iname '*.rc' -o -iname '*.raw' -o -iname '*.nav' -o -iname '*.manifest' -o -iname '*.vbf' -o -iname '*.kv' -o -iname '*.vfe' -o -iname '*.doc' -o -iname '*.flt' -o -iname '*.1' -o -iname '*.pak' -o -iname '*.asi' -o -iname '*.xml' -o -iname '*.6' -o -iname '*.lua' -o -iname '*.res' -o -iname '*.ttf' -o -iname '*.mix' -o -iname '*.wav' -o -iname '*.vcs' -o -iname '*.vtf' -o -iname '*.exe' -o -iname '*.cab' -o -iname '*.dll' ')' -executable -type f -print     -bash: /usr/bin/find: Permission denied          root@rautamiekka:~# which find     -bash: /usr/bin/which: /bin/sh: bad interpreter: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# chmod     -bash: /bin/chmod: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# ls     -bash: /usr/bin/ionice: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# reboot     -bash: /sbin/reboot: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# poweroff     -bash: /sbin/poweroff: Permission denied               root@rautamiekka:~# echo          root@rautamiekka:~# echo $     $     root@rautamiekka:~# echo $     $_                            $BASH_SUBSHELL                $HISTSIZE                     $LS_COLORS                    $RANDOM     $BASH                         $BASH_VERSINFO                $HOME                         $MACHTYPE                     $_scp_path_esc     $BASH_ALIASES                 $BASH_VERSION                 $HOSTNAME                     $MAIL                         $SECONDS     $BASH_ARGC                    $COLUMNS                      $HOSTTYPE                     $MAILCHECK                    $SHELL     $BASH_ARGV                    $COMP_WORDBREAKS              $IFS                          $OPTERR                       $SHELLOPTS     $BASH_CMDS                    $DERBY_HOME                   $J2REDIR                      $OPTIND                       $SHLVL     $BASH_COMMAND                 $DIRSTACK                     $J2SDKDIR                     $OSTYPE                       $SSH_CLIENT     $BASH_COMPLETION              $EUID                         $JAVA_HOME                    $PATH                         $SSH_CONNECTION     $BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR   $GROUPS                       $LANG                         $PIPESTATUS                   $SSH_TTY     $BASH_COMPLETION_DIR          $__grub_script_check_program  $LESSCLOSE                    $PPID                         $TERM     $BASH_LINENO                  $HISTCMD                      $LESSOPEN                     $PS1                          $UID     $BASHOPTS                     $HISTCONTROL                  $LINENO                       $PS2                          $USER     $BASHPID                      $HISTFILE                     $LINES                        $PS4                          $XDG_SESSION_COOKIE     $BASH_SOURCE                  $HISTFILESIZE                 $LOGNAME                      $PWD


title: How can I use a Raspberry Pi as a router between two WiFi networks?

text: I want to RDP from PC1 (Running Windows 7), to PC2 (Running Windows 7) using Pi (Raspberry Pi running Debian). This the network situation:                              Network1                      Network2           ---------------------------   ---------------------------           |                         |   |                         |           |        -------         -------        -------         |           |        | PC1 | -----> |  Pi  | -----> | PC2 |         |           |        -------         -------        -------         |           |                         |   |                         |           |                         |   |                         |           |                         |   |                         |           ---------------------------   ---------------------------        * PC1 is connected to Network1.   * PC2 is connected to Network2.   * Pi is connected to both networks. On Pi:   * wlan0 is connected to Network1.   * wlan1 is connected to Network2. I assume this is somehow possible, but I haven't done anything like this before so I'm pretty clueless. Again, the question is how to set up the Pi as a router between the two?


title: Install 32-bit library packages on 64-bit rhel 6.2 during installation of os

text: I want full installation of `rhel-server-6.2-x86_64`. Within this setup, I want to install some of 32bit glibc packages before completion of installation, which already available in `rhel-server-6.2-x86_64-dvd`. I select all optional packages during installation, but as I see here redhat(anaconda) will not install 32bit libs. But it is supported in 5.x (I tried that in 5.5 & 5.7)? How to make this possible in 6.2 or 6.3? Is it possible to install packages from dvd by `kickstart`, if yes then how?


title: backup script to exclude some parent dir and include some child dir

text: What I'm trying to do backup?   1. users home dir which include `Desktop`,`Documents`,`Pictures`, `thunderbird` which i need to backup of every user   2. all users are in `/home` partition with there respective user name   3. there are certain user AND files in `/home` which need to be exclude What I've tried so far?               $ tar cvf home01 -T include /home        **NOTE:** T which says only take that which are mention in file but does not work               $ find . \( -name \*Desktop -o -name \*Documents\* -o -name \*Pictures\*  -o -name \.thunderbird\*   \)  |       xargs  tar zcvf /opt/rnd/home-$(date +%d%m%y).tar.zip       **NOTE:** which takes backup of mention dir but it puts every users dir into one folder. ### For example               $ ls -l /home          /home/user1/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user2/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user3/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user4/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user5/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}      From which I need to take only `user1`,`user2`,`user3` home dir backup and exclude `user4`,`user5`


title: How do I track down the source of a ssh login message?

text: I installed mailutils on my linux machine with Linux Mint 15 (basically Ubuntu 13.04). When I log in, I get the following:               Welcome to Linux Mint 15 Olivia (GNU/Linux 3.8.0-32-generic i686)          Welcome to Linux Mint      * Documentation:  http://www.linuxmint.com     No mail.     Last login: Wed Nov  6 01:33:10 2013 from xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     BFL SingleSC: 3s ago - [2013-11-06 01:37:33] 5s:57.83 avg:57.96 u:56.96 Gh/s      I have added the last line, colorized as I prefer, as a custom script that updates me on the status of my BFL bitcoin hashing rig in ~/.bashrc. I now want to color the rest of it, especially the `No mail.` line, from mailutils, and remove the duplicated 'Welcome to Linux Mint' messages and newline. I've been searching for the mailutils section specifically, and can't find any reference to it in:   * ~/.bashrc   * ~/.profile   * /etc/profile   * /etc/profile.d/*   * /etc/bashrc   * /etc/init.d/*   * /etc/rc.local   * /etc/rc*.d (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, S) So - how do I go about finding where these messages are generated so I can modify and color them as I like?


title: API Monitoring and Hooking

text: I am currently reading the "Malware Analyst's Cookbook and DVD". There is a chapter "Dynamic Analysis" and there are also some recipes about hooking and monitoring API calls of process but it is for Windows. I want to do the same thing like recipe 9-10 explains but for Linux. 9-10 is called "Capturing process, Thread, and Image Load Events". In this receipe it is showed "how to implement a driver that alerts you when any events occure on the system while your malware samlpe executes". It uses the API functions of the Windows Driver Kit (WDK) to call a user-defined callback function. It uses the callback functions:   * Process creation callback function called PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine(...)   * Thread creation callback function called PsSetCreateThreadNotifyRoutine(...)   * Image load callback function called PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine(...).  And when any events occur it will display them as a debug message which can then be viewed in e.g. DebugView. It seems well documented for Windows and it is easy to find information for this, but I have a bit of a problem in finding information for Linux. I've found some general introduction to drivers and a one for hooking, but I still haven't found any that are not so general or at least are a bit more focused on malware analysis. I would be happy for tips for further readings or recommended tutorials on this topic.


title: How can I fill the free space with zeroes in Ubuntu 12.04 (ext4)?

text: I use windows server 2008r2 with role Hyper-V. The guest system is Ubuntu 12.04 LTC. It is situated on the dynamic virtual hard disk (2TB). The size of this vhd is 360 GB. But the real size is about 50 GB. I want to reduce the size of this vhd using standard Hyper-V tools. But I can not do this, because the Ubuntu file system is not NTFS. How can I reset the free space on the disk .vhd? _**The answer is:_** Use SystemRescueCD. http://serverfault.com/questions/551053/how-can-i-compact- the-vhd-file-with-ubuntu/551603?noredirect=1#comment641558_551603


title: Making Puppy Linux more "Unixy"?

text: I am playing around with Puppy Linux Wary 5.3 on an old machine (Pentium PII, 160 megs RAM, 6 gig HD). I did an install on the HD. I appreciate it's light footprint, the fact that it plays nice with the graphics card (Slacko Puppy and Precise did not) but am dismayed that it is very unlike Unix. No passwords (even when I set one up for root it still logs in automatically), no man pages (it actually tries to open a web-browser with google, the machine BTW is not networked) and most of the command line Unix user-land seems to be MIA. I guess I can slowly configure it to my liking, but this would likely take a lot of time and this is certainly not my primary machine. I am wondering if there is a variant already set up which feels and behaves in a more traditional Unix style, with greater emphasis on the command line and less on the graphical side. I intend to use it mainly from the command line. Should I stick with Puppy and configure it or go for a minimal/ lightweight install of Slackware or one of the BSDs that I would use mostly from the command line.


title: Mail Server Setup, MX Records, and Hostnames?

text: I'm a bit confused how mail servers work, and the process of setting them up. Say I have an domain called example.com, and I have an A record for it. I'll be using postfix/dovecot for this setup along with an SSL certificate. When setting all this up, do I create a new A record for mail.example.com, as well as a MX record for mail.example.com, and assign the cert to mail.example.com, even though all mail is being sent to example.com accounts? Will this work, or does everything need to be pointed to just example.com? In all the documentation I've read, everything says set up the mail server as a subdomain, and assign all the hostnames, MX records, A records (for webmail), and SSL certs to that. Just want to make sure I'm on the right path here.


title: Weird memory spikes in Debian VPS

text: I run a medium VPS (4GB RAM) as a web server. I host some private Ruby on Rails sites with Apache and mod_passenger. I also have two legacy apps which run with "passenger standalone" (two Nginx servers with passenger on ports 3000 and 4000). Apache acts as a proxy for those. Most of the time this is works okay, but every few months the whole system goes berserk:   * RAM usage goes up to 100%   * the log files get filled with "Cannot allocate memory" & reverse proxy errors   * soon enough the whole system is unresponsive Sometimes this clears up by itself, sometimes I have to ask my provider to reboot the system because I can't even SSH into it. This _always_ happens at night, when traffic is very low. Here are two graphs: **Apache accesses** ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/N6wND.png) **Memory consumption** ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/lVPSg.png) **How do I get to the bottom of this?** Which steps can I take to debug this situation? Is it possible that I have a bad neighbor on the machine? Other processes on the major machine: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Elasticsearch, Redis **UPDATE to clarify** I'm looking for a tool that records processes with their memory & cpu consumption so I can track down the trouble maker(s). Is something like that out there or do I have to roll my own?


title: raid1: how to synchronize harddisks (Debian 6)

text: My system is Linux/Debian 6, using GPT (GUID Partition Table). If I run the command               cat /proc/mdstat      I see the following situation:               Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]      md3 : active raid1 sdb4[1]           1822442815 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1]           1073740664 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1]           524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb1[1]           33553336 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          unused devices: <none>      How should I understand this? Is sdb out of sync or sda? What is [_U] meaning? How can I synchronize the harddisks? Following information may be helpful:               mdadm --detail /dev/md0     /dev/md0:         Version : 1.2       Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012          Raid Level : raid1          Array Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)       Used Dev Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)        Raid Devices : 2       Total Devices : 1         Persistence : Superblock is persistent              Update Time : Wed Sep 25 21:50:55 2013           State : clean, degraded      Active Devices : 1     Working Devices : 1      Failed Devices : 0       Spare Devices : 0                 Name : rescue:0            UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a          Events : 22              Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State            0       0        0        0      removed            1       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1


I'm using **RHEL 6** .Newbie to Linux. I'm unable to play the video using **Movie Player**. It shows an error, Movie Player requires additional plugins to decode this file. The following plugins are required : MPEG-4-AAC decoder and H.264 decoder. But RHEL asking for a subscription. How to solve this problem or Suggest me any alternate softwares to install ?


title: Why does awk print on non-null strings and positive numbers

text: I've noticed some `awk` examples which use `1` instead of `print` to print `$0` (eg. To conserve space, I normally use '1'. and on this site). Is this a documented / safe practice, or is is it subject to breaking in some versions; past, present or future? Here are some examples:               echo 'a-does-print-$0' | awk '"x"'         echo 'b-does-print-$0' | awk '$0'        echo 'c-does-print-$0' | awk '1'     echo 'd-does-print-$0' | awk '(1-2)'       echo 'd-does-print-$0' | awk '{$0="abc"}1'            echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '{$0="abc"}'       echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '$999'      echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '(1-1)'       echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '1-1'      echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '0'      echo 'nothing-prints' | awk 'unsetVar'      echo 'nothing-printw' | awk ''          echo 'crashes' | awk '-3.14159'     echo 'crashes' | awk '-2'      echo 'crashes' | awk '-1'


title: Bash script error trying to find directory of script itself: unexpected end of file

text: Borrowing graciously from this StackOverflow answer, I want to find the directory a script is running in so I can load relative paths for it on login: The script is pretty small right now:               SOURCE="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"     while [ -h "$SOURCE" ] ; do SOURCE="$(readlink "$SOURCE")"; done     DIR=$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" && pwd )      But when I log in or call `source <this_script.sh>`, I get:               -bash: script.sh: line 4: syntax error: unexpected end of file      Couple questions:   1. What is it hanging up on?   2. What's the fix? This is running:               -bash-3.2$ bash --version     GNU bash, version 3.2.25(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)     Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.      ## Edit 1: trying Gile's solution:               parent="$(dirname "$SOURCE")"     echo "PARENT IS $parent"     DIR="$(cd -P "$parent" && pwd)"     echo "DIR IS $DIR"      I get the following when trying to `source` it or log in:               Last login: Mon Mar 12 08:07:13 2012 from ....     PARENT IS .     : No such file or directory     DIR IS     : command not found     : command not found     : command not found     : command not found


title: Why do we need to specify partition type in fdisk and later again in mkfs?

text: I'm a little confused about **fdisk** and **mkfs**. So - here is typical USB flash drive partitioning and formatting:               umount /dev/sdb     fdisk fdisk /dev/sdb          Command (m for help): d     Selected partition 1          Command (m for help): n     Command action     e   extended     p   primary partition (1-4)     p     Partition number (1-4): 1     First cylinder (1-960, default 1): ↵     Using default value 1     Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-960, default 960): ↵     Using default value 960           Command (m for help): t     Selected partition 1     Hex code (type L to list codes): 6     Changed system type of partition 1 to 6 (FAT16)          Command (m for help): a     Partition number (1-4): 1          Command (m for help): w     The partition table has been altered!          Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.          WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x      partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional     information.          mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb1      My question is: Why do we even have to use **t** option to specify partition type while doing **fdisk** step? How does it affect everything? Does it create some mark on usb drive meaning that there only supposed to be vfat partition? Or is it safe to skip **t** step altogether? AFAIK - partitioning is only splitting disk into areas - is it not? Just trying to understand why it works the way it works:)


title: How do I fix the error 403 I am getting with XAMPP while I am using mod_userdir?

text: I am running Arch Linux and I decided to use XAMPP so I can create and test web pages. Anyway, I followed the instructions given in the site and extracted it to `/opt/lampp` and I also uncommented the line in `/opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf` so `mod_userdir` will be enabled. Now, when I try to access my user `public_html` (via http://localhost/~user), I get this error:               Access forbidden!              You don't have permission to access the requested object. It is either          read-protected or not readable by the server.              If you think this is a server error, please contact the webmaster.          Error 403      How do I get this to work?


title: How to find which machines are idle on a cluster of many nodes

text: I run measurements on a cluster consisting of 32 nodes/machines. I do not require all nodes, only 4, for example. The problem is most of the time, the nodes are busy with other people running their heavy job on them. So, to find idle nodes to get good results, I run the `top` command on each machine starting from the first until I find 4 free ones. Is there a way to test the cpu load/utilisation on multiple machines at once and if possible, listing those machines that are less busy?


title: LVM2 partition alignment

text: How to do the following with Linux tools : LVM partition alignment and alignment of partition on LVM ? What in case where I want to setup LVM partition (for "pv") and then partitions ? To be more specifig, I'd like to make following setup:   * sda1 - boot , about 256MB   * sda2 - LVM pv On LVM : swap, root, home etc. How to setup LVM parition and paritions on LVM to obtain best performance? (Command line linux tools please ;) ) Am I right, that when LVM extents are aligned, created partitions are as well ? What's the best size of block? : Thanks to @maxschlepzig, we have elegant method of obtaining sector size - for example 4k. Now, questions stays, how to apply this knowledge.


title: How to feed the results of date command into grep to filter results of another command

text: I need to use the result of a formatted date command (date +"%m/%d") as the grep filter to filter the results of another command that will display alerts on a system so that I only see alerts from the given day. Lets say alertcommand gives the alert readout in the console. I know I can do `alertcommand | grep 8/10` to get the logs from today, but I want to be able to feed `date +"%m/%d"`into that so that I don't have to specify the date each time I run it, but I can't figure out how to link it into one single command (preferably without having to create temp files or anything as this will be run on customer hardware). I looked at this question that was similar, but couldn't figure out how to make it work the same way.


title: Meaning of PF_VCPU and PF_WQ_WORKER

text: do you know what the constants meaning is defined in `linux/sched.h`:                 #define PF_VCPU       0x00000010  /* I'm a virtual CPU */       #define PF_WQ_WORKER  0x00000020  /* I'm a workqueue worker */      What does it mean when a process have both flags set (the ninth parameter in `/proc/[pid]/stat` is `0x30` or decimal `48`) I only found that short comments after the define's but i can not imagine any sense.


title: Why is this Bash command using regex not replacing my brackets?

text: I have this command to go through all my files in my `Music` directory, and all subdirectories, and replace any square brackets in the file name with rounded brackets:               find /home/Music/ -depth -name "* *" -execdir rename 's/\[/\(/g' "{}" \;      But it doesn't work. It doesn't return any errors, it just doesn't make the replacements. I thought I properly escaped the characters. Where am I going wrong? Also, eventually I"ll want to replace curly brackets, `{}`, with rounded brackets , `()`, as well. Just thought I'd mention that now in case curly brackets came with yet more complications.


title: How to disable trash?

text: This is a nice and straightforward question: how can I disable the Trash Can in Gnome running on CentOS/RHEL 6.4? I know I can use `Shift` + `Del`, instead of `Del` to bypass the Trash; but how can I completely disable it? Or otherwise, how can I remap `Del` to `Shift` + `Del`?


title: How to disable domain service at port 53 on WAN side in OpenWRT?

text: nmap on the WAN IP shows               PORT   STATE SERVICE     53/tcp open  domain      after basic configuration on a fresh OpenWRT (version Chaos Calmer) system. But the service should not be visible from WAN, but only on LAN side of the router.


title: Can not install any color scheme in Vim in Kubuntu

text: I have installed the latest Kubuntu. I am trying to set a nice color scheme for my terminal, but it does not work.For example I tried wombat256. I copied the wombat256mod.vim under `~/.vim/colors` as it is specified in the instructions and did: `:colorscheme wombat256mod`. There is no change in vim. By default `TERM` is set to xterm. Trying `TERM=xterm-256color vim` does not work either. I have also tried solarized and github theme, no change. I am using the default Kubuntu terminal. What am I missing here?


title: Why sed prints first string from file even if it's failed to find matching groups

text: I'm trying to write sed expression which will extract matching groups from file. E.g. I have .cue sheet and I want to extract it's genre tag. It has following format:               $ cat file.cue | grep GENRE     REM GENRE "POP"      I've created sed expression to extract this tag and replace quotes around it:               $  sed -e 's/REM[ \t]*GENRE[ \t]*\(.*\)/\1/;s/"\(.*\)"/\1/;q' file.cue      POP      My question is why if it's failed to find matching group it will just print first string?               $  sed -e 's/REMerror[ \t]*GENRE[ \t]*\(.*\)/\1/;s/"\(.*\)"/\1/;q' file.cue      REM GENRE POP      Example of cue-sheet:               REM GENRE "POP"     REM DATE 2012     REM DISCID EC10BD10     REM COMMENT "ExactAudioCopy v0.99pb5"     PERFORMER "JAM Project"     TITLE "JAM Project BEST COLLECTION IX THE MONSTERS"     FILE "LACA-15250.flac" WAVE       TRACK 01 AUDIO         TITLE "THE MONSTERS"         PERFORMER "JAM Project"         INDEX 01 00:00:00


title: Using many monitors (4+) in linux

text: I want to be able to run more than 4 monitors (maybe 6) and it's extremely confusing what's compatible now with the Displayport cards coming out. Right now I have an ATI card that only has 2 HDMI outputs. The problem I've seen is that the ATI driver says it doesn't support more than 4 monitors. So it seems that their eyefinity cards would probably be more hassle than it's worth. I prefer nvidia anyway, they always seem to have really good linux drivers. But I don't see that they offer a card with more than 4 ports. Most of the higher end cards that I've seen have 2 hdmi, 1 dvi, and 1 displayport. Am I mistaken that those cards are limited to 4 monitors? And what about drivers? If I get dual nvidia cards and hook up say 2 HDMI ports + the DVI port on each card, will xorg/nvidia drivers play nice? Will I be able to set up monitors with different resolutions? (I have 2 1920x1080 and 1920x1200 screens right now)? How about x windows? Can you set up xinerama for 6 screens? Or make it able to drag x windows? **Update** : It seems that ati drivers have come a long way recently and that there is official eyefinity support for linux. I think I'm goin gto pick up an ATI 5870 and just see where I can get messing with it. **Update2** :   I ordered a 5870, I'll let you guys know how it goes. I only have a couple monitors I can play with at the moment though.


title: Shell loses keypresses when running SSH in the background

text: I'm experiencing a bizarre problem with SSH + Bash + Terminal.app: when SSH is run in the background, the shell appears to randomly lose keypresses ~50% of the time. For example, if I run:               $ ssh -N my-tunnel &     $ # typing becomes lossy      Then type "asdf", only the letters "a" and "f" might show up (although this is random and partially related typing speed; if I was typing at full speed, possibly only the "f" might appear). This problem only affects the shell. If I run, for example, `ssh -N my-tunnel & cat`, characters are echoed as expected from cat. Key presses are lost once cat is killed and I'm back at the shell. Other things to note:   * Other terminal windows are unaffected   * The shell returns to normal as soon as ssh is terminated   * Using `nohup ssh -N my-tunnel &` doesn't change anything So: what's going on here? And is there any way I can background ssh without breaking the terminal?


title: Replace certain strings with value from former line

text: I have the following text:               Source IP,URL     1.1.1.1,example1.com     Blank,example2.com     2.2.2.2,example3.com     Blank,example4.com     Blank,example5.com     Blank,example6.com     Blank,example7.com     7.7.7.7,example8.com     Blank,example9.com     Blank,example10.com      How can i replace "Blank" with the the non-blank value above it and get the following output?               Source IP,URL     1.1.1.1,example1.com     1.1.1.1,example2.com     2.2.2.2,example3.com     2.2.2.2,example4.com     2.2.2.2,example5.com     2.2.2.2,example6.com     2.2.2.2,example7.com     7.7.7.7,example8.com     7.7.7.7,example9.com     7.7.7.7,example10.com


title: How can I set up a job to copy a directory, not overwriting existing files?

text: How can I create a job that copies the Directory /media/hdd/docs to the Windows share \192.168.1.3\Docs each night at 23:00, not overwriting existing files. The Windows share is shared to "Everyone" With read/Write on a Win2k12 server box


title: Problem with completion in TexMaker on Elementary OS

text: I have a problem with TexMaker on my OS. When I type a few words of the command (for example, the word "`\begin{document}`"), it doesn't appear in the list of possible commands as usual. Instead, it waits until I type the full word or whenever I hit the backspace or some letters. I don't know why. That is, I don't know what the feature completion in this program is used for? My OS is Elementary OS - Luna (with kernel is Ubuntu 12.04). I also tried with both the TexMaker installed from software manager (version 3.2) and downloaded from the source (version 4.1).


title: Root complete history commands

text: Where can I get root's history except besides `.sh_history`? I've gotten some information but only from `.sh_history` and the `history` command.


title: Macbook pro 8,1 skype audio

text: I cannot seem to get skype to use my microphone on this macbook pro 8,1. I've used alsamixer to set all speaker/mic setting to unmute with max volume, nothing. (although when I set the "digital" channel to max there is a loud hissing). The macbook has some strange quirks in it's audio setup. Most devices double for both input and output (eg the mini-jack is both headphone output and mic input). This is why I fear for the worst. Has anyone been able to get it working?


title: less command runs out of memory

text: When searching for string (no regex etc.) in large file `less filename` and `less -b 1 filename` quits or prints it cannot allocate memory. `top` shows less using roughly about 5% of memory before it dies (1 sec interval). What other tool can I use that supports large files? The file has only 100 mb of logs.               $ less -V     less 458 (GNU regular expressions)     Copyright (C) 1984-2012 Mark Nudelman      OS details:               $ ulimit -a     -t: cpu time (seconds)              unlimited     -f: file size (blocks)              unlimited     -d: data seg size (kbytes)          unlimited     -s: stack size (kbytes)             8192     -c: core file size (blocks)         0     -m: resident set size (kbytes)      unlimited     -u: processes                       15988     -n: file descriptors                1024     -l: locked-in-memory size (kbytes)  64     -v: address space (kbytes)          2048000     -x: file locks                      unlimited     -i: pending signals                 15988     -q: bytes in POSIX msg queues       819200     -e: max nice                        0     -r: max rt priority                 0     -N 15:                              unlimited     $ cat /etc/*rele*     DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu     DISTRIB_RELEASE=13.10


title: Enabling bwn in FreeBSD

text: I am trying to load the bwn driver as a module as mentioned in the man page. However, when I attempted to edit `/boot/defaults/loader.conf` I could not write the changes to the file, this was attempted as root. Then I read that this file is not to be edited. How can I load this driver as a module?


title: Sharing folder from Windows Host to Freebsd Guest

text: First of all, let me say that though I use Linux (Red Hat, at work) regularly, I am a complete beginner when it comes to actually administrating it. What I am trying to accomplish:   * I have (at home) a PC with Windows 7 installed   * I would like to run a Unix in Virtual Box, because I am more used to developing / scripting on it I settled on Freebsd at the moment, and I managed to install it and configure the network. The next step is sharing a folder from Windows to Freebsd so that I can easily edit files on Windows and on Freebsd both. Unfortunately it seems a though thing to do. I rummaged on the net and found two different ways:   * mounting a vboxsf   * using samba I installed the guest additions in freebsd using `pkg_add -r virtualbox-ose- additions`, the install proceeded switfly enough, and I edited `/etc/rc.conf` to add the two suggested lines: `vboxguest_enable="YES"` and `vboxservice_enable="YES"` and rebooted. It did not work. The command to mount the system ends up in an error:               # mount -t vboxsf shared /home/myuser/shared     mount: shared : Operation not supported by device      where `shared` is the name of the folder I setup in my virtual box settings for this VM. > Is it actually possible to use a `vboxsf` filesystem type in freebsd ? Some > comments seem to suggest it is not supported but finding up-to-date > information is difficult. Next, I moved on to the samba approach. I basically followed the guide I linked it. Unfortunately it ends up with:               # mount_smbfs -N -I 192.168.56.1 //winuser@winmachinename/Shared /mnt/shared     mount_smbfs: unable to open connection: syserr = RPC struct is bad      where `Shared` is the name of the shared folder I configured with windows, accessible to the `winuser` obviously. The ping works. I would like to note that I have no password on the windows guest account I am trying to connect at, it seemed easier, but perhaps that it's bothering samba somehow. **edit:** working from PuTTY I had not seen that some messages were printed in the console:               smb_maperror: Unmapped error 3:31     smb_co_lock: recursive lock for object 1      both appear several times. **/end of edit** > If the direct filesytem sharing does not work, any idea how to get samba to > do it ? The article suggest it's already be done by some at least. Technical information:   * Host: Windows 7 Familial Edition (up-to-date)   * Guest: FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE #0: Tue Jan 3 07:15:25 UTC 2012 root@obrian.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386   * Virtual Box: 4.1.16 r78094 I am open to new suggestions to sharing as well. I would if possible prefer avoiding transferring files back and forth: it's not particularly efficient and always a source of confusing errors. I am also open to changing systems. I like the philosophy of freebsd, but if it does not work, I have no qualms about moving to a linux. **EDIT** : This question is now purely of theoretical interest. I switch to using Ubuntu Server and managed to set it up without samba since vboxsf is well supported.


title: -not -name does not work with find

text: I am trying to use find/grep to find some text patterns in my code base. I want to exclude non-source directories into which my build process duplicates source files:               find . -name *.java -not -name *target* -exec grep -l 'someText' {} \; 2>/dev/null      Unfortunately, I still get target directories in the result, e.g.:               ./toplevel/src/com/domain/toplevel/module/SourceFile.java      What am I doing wrong and how do I fix it?


title: permission denied when executing binary despite "rwx" priviledge and root user

text: I'm trying to execute some binary with `bash`. I am getting a "Permission denied" message despite having given the full privileges (`chmod 777`) and being the 'root' user: This is the file description: > -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 641K Aug 22 15:04 wrapid This is the error message: > bash: ./wrapid: Permission denied Output of `strace ./wrapid`:               execve("./wrapid", ["./wrapid"], [/* 13 vars */]) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)     write(2, "strace: exec: Permission denied\n", 32strace: exec: Permission denied ) = 32     exit_group(1) = ?     +++ exited with 1 +++      Output of `ldd ./wrapid`:               /usr/bin/ldd: line 104: lddlibc4: command not found not a dynamic executable      Output of `file wrapid`:               wrapid: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV),     dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32,     BuildID[sha1]=0x817251da41b3c8684a68f6f4afa1b4cd8f116072, not stripped       Output of `uname -a`:               Linux WR-IntelligentDevice 3.4.43-grsec-WR5.0.1.7_standard #2 SMP PREEMPT Thu Aug 22 16:27:28 CST 2013 i686 GNU/Linux


title: Restrict search of locate to specific directories

text: Is there a way to restrict `locate` output to specific directories on Mac OS X Snow Leopard? I read about using regex on a Ubuntu forum. However, on my mac `locate` does not accept `-r` option. I also looked at the `man` pages for locate on Mac and there is no `-r` option. Thank you.


title: How to install kernel sources

text: I 'm running Angstrom distribution (console only) on BeagleBoard-xM. Image was build on Narcissus, with Bootloader Files (x-load/u-boot/scripts) added. I noticed that `usr/src` directory is empty. I intend to install kernel source packages. For this reason, I downloaded Linux kernel 2.6.32 from https://www.kernel.org. What should be my next steps? I 've been searching for days, but I didn't find anything. Any help would really be appreciated.


title: Trouble getting help in vim

text: I have just finished the `vimtutor` and everything went fine except for the last part (Lesson 7.1: Getting Help). I type `:help` and the help manual is shown as it is supposed to. But then I try (as suggested) the commands `:help w`, `:help c_CTRL-D`, `:help insert-index` and `:help user-manual` and the following appears at the bottom left of the screen:               E434: Can't find tag pattern     Press Enter or type command to continue      I press enter and a bunch of nonsensical characters appear on the screen, but I don't get any help. Why could this be happening and how can I fix it? **Note:** I'm running Fedora 20 and have the following packages installed: `vim-common`, `vim-minimal`, `vim-enhanced`, `vim-filesystem`. * * * Okay so I tried running `vim --version` and this is what I get:               $ vim --version     VIM - Vi IMproved 7.4 (2013 Aug 10, compiled Sep 11 2013 12:26:40)     Included patches: 1-27     Modified by <bugzilla@redhat.com>     Compiled by <bugzilla@redhat.com>     Huge version without GUI.  Features included (+) or not (-):     +acl             +farsi           +mouse_netterm   +syntax     +arabic          +file_in_path    +mouse_sgr       +tag_binary     +autocmd         +find_in_path    -mouse_sysmouse  +tag_old_static     -balloon_eval    +float           +mouse_urxvt     -tag_any_white     -browse          +folding         +mouse_xterm     -tcl     ++builtin_terms  -footer          +multi_byte      +terminfo     +byte_offset     +fork()          +multi_lang      +termresponse     +cindent         +gettext         -mzscheme        +textobjects     -clientserver    -hangul_input    +netbeans_intg   +title     -clipboard       +iconv           +path_extra      -toolbar     +cmdline_compl   +insert_expand   +perl            +user_commands     +cmdline_hist    +jumplist        +persistent_undo +vertsplit     +cmdline_info    +keymap          +postscript      +virtualedit     +comments        +langmap         +printer         +visual     +conceal         +libcall         +profile         +visualextra     +cryptv          +linebreak       +python/dyn      +viminfo     +cscope          +lispindent      -python3         +vreplace     +cursorbind      +listcmds        +quickfix        +wildignore     +cursorshape     +localmap        +reltime         +wildmenu     +dialog_con      -lua             +rightleft       +windows     +diff            +menu            +ruby/dyn        +writebackup     +digraphs        +mksession       +scrollbind      -X11     -dnd             +modify_fname    +signs           -xfontset     -ebcdic          +mouse           +smartindent     -xim     +emacs_tags      -mouseshape      -sniff           -xsmp     +eval            +mouse_dec       +startuptime     -xterm_clipboard     +ex_extra        +mouse_gpm       +statusline      -xterm_save     +extra_search    -mouse_jsbterm   -sun_workshop    -xpm        system vimrc file: "/etc/vimrc"          user vimrc file: "$HOME/.vimrc"      2nd user vimrc file: "~/.vim/vimrc"           user exrc file: "$HOME/.exrc"       fall-back for $VIM: "/etc"      f-b for $VIMRUNTIME: "/usr/share/vim/vim74"     Compilation: gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -I/usr/local/include  -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches  -m32 -march=i686 -mtune=atom -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1           Linking: gcc   -L. -Wl,-z,relro -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -Wl,--enable-new-dtags  -Wl,-z,relro  -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,--as-needed -o vim        -lm -lnsl  -lselinux  -lncurses -lacl -lattr -lgpm -ldl   -Wl,--enable-new-dtags  -fstack-protector -L/usr/local/lib  -L/usr/lib/perl5/CORE -lperl -lresolv -lnsl -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lpthread -lc             I think it's quite the same you have. Where else could the problemm be?


title: Any unix utility/tool to auto backup files before saving?

text: I would like to know if there is any existing unix utility or tool that would make a backup of a file with a date/timestamp appended to the filename. Basically I am looking to automatically make backup of my config files like the `.bashrc`, `.vimrc`, etc when I change the file and save using some text editor. `vim` specific solution would also be helpful. May be adding some kind of hook only for specific files that creates a copy of the previously saved file and then goes on to save the currently modified file.


title: puppet certificate catching error

text: After installing puppet master and client, when I request for catalog, I am getting the following error:               [root@INFINI-ONE puppet]# puppet agent -t     warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session     info: Caching certificate for infini-one.infinicluster     err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: No      support for http method POST     warning: Not using cache on failed catalog     err: Could not retrieve catalog; skipping run      And later:               [root@INFINI-ONE puppet-2.7.14]# puppet agent -t     warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session     warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session     info: Caching certificate for infini-one.infinicluster     err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: SSL_connect returned=1      errno=0 state=SSLv3 read server certificate B: certificate verify failed.  This      is often because the time is out of sync on the server or client     warning: Not using cache on failed catalog     err: Could not retrieve catalog; skipping run     err: Could not send report: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read      server certificate B: certificate verify failed.  This is often because the      time is out of sync on the server or client


title: How to route 3 computer in wireless ad-hoc network?

text: I have three computers connected on the same wireless ad-hoc network with the following adresses :               192.168.1.3  <----->  192.168.1.5  <----->  192.168.1.6      On computer 5, I only did :               route add -net 192.168.1.6 netmask 255.255.255.255 dev wlan1     sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1      Here is a look to my routing table :               Destination   Gateway       Genmask         Flags   Metric  Ref   Use   Iface     0.0.0.0       192.168.20.1  0.0.0.0         UG      100     0     0     eth0      169.254.0.0   0.0.0.0       255.255.0.0     U       1000    0     0     eth0      192.168.1.0   0.0.0.0       255.255.255.0   U       0       0     0     wlan1     192.168.1.6   0.0.0.0       255.255.255.255 UH      0       0     0     wlan1     192.168.20.0  0.0.0.0       255.255.255.0   U       0       0     0     eth0      Why isn't is working ? How can I forward the packet from computer .3 to computer .6 ?


title: Can we get compiler information from an elf binary?

text: Is there some chance to know how a binary was built, under Linux? (and or other Unix) Compiler, version, time, flags etc... I looked at `readelf` and couldn't find much, but there might be other ways at analyzing the binary code/section etc... Anything you know how to extract?


title: Insert selected filename while copying in Midnight Commander

text: Is it possible to paste the selected filename into the copy popup, so when I hit `F5` this filename will be in the 'to' section, so I can adjust it? For example: I want to copy `/home/piotr/testFile.log` to `/home/piotr/testFile2.log`.   I open both panels in the same directory and hit F5, but the 'to' value is: `/home/piotr` and I would like it to be `/home/piotr/testFile.log`, so I can simply adjust the name instead of typing it from the scratch.


title: How to start a GUI program in a VM with PHP

text: I have an Ubuntu 12.04 VM running on my online server where there is no display attached. I want to start `Teamviewer` there on that VM to get graphical access to that server. I guess I have to give the PHP user www-data somehow sudo access to start the Teamviewer GUI in a virtual X-Session via `gksu`. How would I have to configure sudo to achieve this? And how could I call that from within a PHP-script on an Apache, that is running on that server? (I could install another desktop environment if that would be more performant)


title: SELinux outbound access to other sites with restrictions

text: We have CentOS 6 configured with SELinux to host a number of websites. Unfortunately SELinux is preventing websites from accessing (outbound) sites, such as download.wordpress.com to update wordpress or Joomla installation. We would like to have both SELinux enabled and the ability for these sites to do such connections. Our fear is that we do               # setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1      and some 'developer' will create a php script to start outbound spamming resulting in our IP being black listed. Is there a way to enable outbound connections and limit restrict such outbound issues at the same time? Thanks.


title: LiveCD for LFS 7.0

text: Most of the live CD systems I have come across don't seem to have the LFS requirements pre-installed (i.e. everything on this list). Are there any live CD systems that come with the required software for LFS 7.0 preinstalled? I have used the LFS liveCD in the past, but it looks like it is too out of date to be used with book 7.0.


title: Monitoring PHP file access with loggedfs - access denied

text: I am trying to see how many files are included for each page call on my site. When I run:               sudo loggedfs -f /path/to/webroot      I get a printout of files - I think from a cron job that might be running. But when I try to access the site, Apache gives me an access denied page. As soon as I cancel loggedfs, Apache serves up the page correctly. I thought loggedfs was supposed to be passive and not affect access to files - is there another way to do this?


title: xmodmap for key combination

text: With Logitech K290 keyboard via USB, F. keys are not accessible by default, and I need to press `Fn` before using them, which is not really usable. The `Fn` key alone does not fire any event in `xev`. Pressing `F1` without `Fn` fires two key events, keycode 50 (`Shift_L`) and keycode 133 (`Super_L`) and displays a message "Touchpad disabled" on my Kubuntu (the same message for every keys `F1` through `F4`) Althoug most media keys works, I'd rather have direct F. keys access. Do you know of any way to toggle `Fn` behavior? Here is the output for when I press F1 without fn:               KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64638420, (-352,274), root:(1462,621),         state 0x10, keycode 50 (keysym 0xffe1, Shift_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64638420, (-352,274), root:(1462,621),         state 0x11, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          FocusOut event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor          FocusIn event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor          KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0,         keys:  4294967238 0   0   0   0   0   4   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0                   32  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0             KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64638436, (-352,274), root:(1462,621),         state 0x51, keycode 50 (keysym 0xffe1, Shift_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64638436, (-352,274), root:(1462,621),         state 0x50, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          MappingNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0,         request MappingPointer, first_keycode 0, count 0      And for f2 (still no fn):               KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64782724, (-202,438), root:(1491,799),         state 0x10, keycode 64 (keysym 0xffe9, Alt_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64782724, (-202,438), root:(1491,799),         state 0x18, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          FocusOut event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor          FocusIn event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor          KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0,         keys:  4294967238 0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0                   32  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0             KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64782780, (-202,438), root:(1491,799),         state 0x58, keycode 64 (keysym 0xffe9, Alt_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64782780, (-202,438), root:(1491,799),         state 0x50, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False      F1 with fn gives expected result:               KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64820204, (-856,-213), root:(1097,247),         state 0x10, keycode 67 (keysym 0xffbe, F1), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False          KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x1a00001,         root 0x2c6, subw 0x0, time 64820284, (-856,-213), root:(1097,247),         state 0x10, keycode 67 (keysym 0xffbe, F1), same_screen YES,         XLookupString gives 0 bytes:          XFilterEvent returns: False


title: Windows shared network printer keeps using rear tray as source

text: I am trying to set up network printing on my Linux Mint 15 (64 bit) system (dualboot with Windows 7). The printer is a Canon PIXMA MG5100 and is connected (via USB) to a computer running Windows XP. It was shared through the printer properties menu (Control Panel > Printers and Faxes) I was able to print to this printer from my computer in Windows 7. Using `system-config-printer`, I've found the printer (by entering the internal IP of the XP computer as the 'host' when adding using the "Find Network Printer" option). I've tried to print a blank page to test it, but the printer simply tries to take paper from the rear tray (of which there isn't any). I want it to use paper from the cassette, but the printer won't do that. I've tried setting all paper source related settings (in LibreOffice and the actual printer itself) to 'Cassette'. I've also tried re-adding the printer via the CUPS web interface (not sure if that's the right name for it) at `http://localhost:631`. I've done it using both smb and lpd in both interfaces. In the web interface, my printer isn't automatically detected, so I have to manually add it. The driver is "Canon PIXMA MG5100 - CUPS+Gutenprint v5.2.9" Since I am able to get the printer to start printing, and since I got it working perfectly in Windows, I believe this _could_ be related to Linux in some way. I just want the printer to use the cassette as the paper source. Edit: Also, on the Windows XP computer, when it tries to use rear tray paper, a message appears that tells me to load paper into the rear tray. It also mentions that when paper that is not A4 or some other standard size will be taken from the rear tray. This _shouldn't_ be anything that could affect me since I'm printing in A4. It's not mentioned clearly, but it's possible that the printer might somehow be "thinking" that I'm not printing in A4.


title: Can I apply `tmux` to a bash script?

text: Is it possible for me to use `tmux` to SSH into a Raspberry Pi, run a Bash script, and then leave the session (from my laptop), while the Raspberry Pi continues to run the script?


title: How can I delete input in the terminal?

text: * Xubuntu 13.10 Say I paste a command, something like               sudo apt-get install abc yxz 123 DEF MMM KKK      into the terminal. Then I suddenly had a change in mind and thus I would like to delete the last 3 packages without using backspace. Is there a way to mark them, as in using something like `ctrl + shift + left`?


I would like to manage my ssh passwork with gnome-keyring. I am on Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS, gnome3. I don't have root access to the system. The question is in the title indeed:               gnome-keyring-daemon: insufficient process capabilities, unsecure memory might get used      This worries me. What does it mean?


title: Clean way to temporarily replace a config file?

text: I use a drawing program called Inkscape, which has both a GUI and a command line interface. When used on the command line, it has a large number of options that can only be controlled through a user-specific config file, which is hardcoded to be:               $HOME/.config/inkscape/preferences.xml      This config file always contains the options that were most recently used in the GUI, which may be the wrong ones when I'm scripting. To work around this, I have my script save a copy of the config file, replace it with a standard config file, run the program, and then copy the saved config file back. This works OK but is not really clean. For example, it won't work properly if two instances of the script are being run concurrently. On Unix, is there a cleaner way to carry out this task of faking out a program so it takes its config file from someplace that I want, rather than from the pathname hardcoded in the program? Maybe something involving links, or something like BSD jails?


title: Linux system calls

text: I want to obtain information about memory used by different users and different processes which users are running and statistics about those processes like memory consumption ,execution speed etc using Linux system calls. I don't want to use commands like free,top etc.Can any one suggest how to do so?


title: Use scp to transfer a file from local directory X to remote directory Y

text: I took a look around at other questions here and at various "scp usage" tutorials on Internet, but I can't sort out what's wrong. I'm using Linux Mint and I'm trying to figure out how **scp** works. I've a file **file.ext** (on my computer) in directory **/home/name/dir/** I connect to a remote machine using **ssh** , like:               ssh -p 2222 username@domain      it asks me the password and the shell displays:               username@domain ~ $      now, If I issue the command (before I ran ssh I was in the local directory **/home/name/dir** ):               scp -r -P 2222 file.ext username@domain       output is:               cp: cannot stat ‘file.ext’: No such file or directory      Same result if instead of file.ext I write the complete path               scp -r -P 2222 /home/name/dir/file.ext username@domain       Also, the server admin told me that I shall upload the file to my remote home directory (instead of root), like:               scp -r -P 2222 file.ext username@domain:~/      but when I do it and press "Enter" nothing happens, as If the shell was waiting for further input. Summary of my problems:   * cp: no such file or directory   * shell "stuck" on ~/ Any suggestions?


title: No write access to $HOME directory

text: While loading the KDE UI Linux boots to kdm, then I get a "bad" sound and black screen. Logs reveal the line in the title. I can `ctrl` - `alt` - `F4` just fine from there. Tried:   * `chmod 755` on `/`,`/home`,`/home/kellogs`   * Verified I have no SElinux on the machine    * Removed samba from services that are launched at boot time What else? (logs show `$HOME` as equivalent to /home/kellogs, so it knows where to go...). Oh, and, it used to work fine until I screwed around with samba... http://i.stack.imgur.com/R3mGk.jpg ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/R3mGk.jpg)


title: How to ignore "certificate is not yet valid" errors

text: I have systems that sometimes lose time drastically due to low RTC battery voltage such that the system time lies outside these boundaries (`/etc/openvpn/certificate`):               Not Before: Jun 18 16:40:18 2012 GMT     Not After : Jun 16 16:40:18 2023 GMT      I would still like to have these systems connect to the VPN, so I don't get messages like: > Feb 6 13:50:58 hostname ovpn-client[2217]: VERIFY ERROR: depth=1, > error=certificate is not yet valid: > /C=ZA/ST=GA/L=Johannesburg/O=Embedded_IQ/CN=Embedded_IQ_CA/emailAddress=info@example.com I can avoid this problem by simply correcting the datetime on these systems, but it's not always feasible... these are remote systems.


title: syntax error: unexpected end of file

text: #!/bin/csh -f          set no=1460     while ("$no">0)     if [$no>900]; then      set m=3     else if ["$no">450 && "$no"<901]; then      set  m=2     else      set m=1     fi     mv *$no.bin test/abc-$m-$no.bin     set no =$no-1     end      I'm a newbie to shell scripts. I'm trying to rename 1460 files using a csh script, but I get a syntax error "syntax error: unexpected end of file" I'm on `tcsh` shell.   I've tried both `fi` and `end` to end the `if` condition. I get the same error.


title: Linux script for printing name

text: I have to Prompt the user to enter his/her name and Print all combinations of three letters from the name. How to write script for this?


title: What is the kernel syntax when booting from ZFS?

text: I'm trying to write a `grub.cfg` completely from scratch that will boot one of several FreeBSD systems off of a single ZFS pool named `tank` with a set of root file systems named `root1`, `root2`, `root3`. When I look at the official GRUB2 docs, there is one example in 5.3               menuentry "FreeBSD" {               insmod zfs               search --set=root --label freepool --hint hd0,msdos7               kfreebsd /freebsd@/boot/kernel/kernel               kfreebsd_module_elf /freebsd@/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko               kfreebsd_module_elf /freebsd@/boot/kernel/zfs.ko               kfreebsd_module /freebsd@/boot/zfs/zpool.cache type=/boot/zfs/zpool.cache               set kFreeBSD.vfs.root.mountfrom=zfs:freepool/freebsd               set kFreeBSD.hw.psm.synaptics_support=1     }      I figured that `freepool` is likely the ZFS pool name which I would replace with `tank`. I _suspect_ that the `x@y` syntax is the way to refer to a file `y` on the file system `x` of the pool selected by the `search`. Then I would replace this with `/root1@/boot/kernel/kernel`. Sadly, the `x@y` syntax is undocumented and I don't want to _just try with fingers crossed_ , but rather _understand and know what I'm doing_. Can anyone shed light on this?


title: Unix commands for generating random alphabet

text: I have to write a script for this program. choose a random letter within `a-z`. Ask the user to guess the letter, match it with the chosen letter. If matched, display "correct", else prompt if the guessed letter is above or below the chosen letter. Can someone demonstrate with examples of how I might do this in the shell?


title: The best way to expand glob pattern?

text: I need to expand a glob pattern (like `../smth*/*`, or `/etc/cron*/`) into a list of files, programmatically. What would be the best way to do it?


title: Kill backgrounded SSH when shell exits

text: I'm trying to spawn an SSH from my bash profile script that runs in the background for connection sharing (via its control socket). The problem I'm running into is a reliable way to ensure the SSH doesn't stay running once the TTY is closed (or more directly; once the parent bash shell has exited). I know the shell can run commands (to terminate SSH) when it exits gracefully, but I'm trying to handle all possible scenarios where the shell doesn't get a chance to shut things down. Is there a clever way I can do this? The best idea I've had is               ssh -o PermitLocalCommand=yes -o LocalCommand='cat >/dev/null; kill $PPID' $HOST &      But this won't work because I need the command to only background once it has successfully started. Alternatively, I can't use `-fN` instead of the shell's `&` because the SSH `-f` only backgrounds after the `LocalCommand` has completed. Also I'm trying to avoid running any command on the remote host. Otherwise I could probably do something like `ssh -fN $HOST 'cat >/dev/null'`


title: Route a local connection via an ethernet link in QNX

text: I am currently facing a challenge in QNX, where I have 2 Network Interfaces - viz. one Network port from PCIe Ethernet Expansion card (wm0) and other from the normal Ethernet port (en0). I have assigned static IP to both the interfaces, with different subnet. In order to check the throughput speed and performance between the two interfaces, I have connected via loopback connection, which is the current requirement. I basically want to check for 'ping' between the interfaces. But when I ping one IP it gets the ICMP response (which is normal scenario), even when the two Network Interfaces are physically disconnected. Thus, my idea of checking the Network connection between the two interface will fail by this, as it gives the ping response even it is disconnected. In QNX, feature of ping from a specific Network Interface is not there, i.e. " **ping -I {Interface} IP** " is unavailable and I tried using Packet Filtering, but wasnt able to configure as it is Embedded board with lot of limited utilities. My requirement is : If en0 is disabled for receiving, wm0 is disabled for sending, and now I will ping to the IP assigned to wm0, it should work. And the vice versa case to confirm. Any alternative method, or idea to accomplish the above requirement would be of great help?


title: Bulk rename files with numbering

text: How do I bulk rename multiple files named _Image401.jpg, Image402.jpg,..._ to _Image 001.jpg, Image002.jpg, ..._ ?


title: Convert seconds to well format date

text: I want to display `/proc/uptime` in well format as:               DD:HH:MM:SS      `/proc/uptime` give me up time of system in seconds, is there a standard solution that convert seconds to this format?


title: free / top difference. Does free show virtual memory?

text: `free -m` shows me the following in my system:                            total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached     Mem:          3954       3842        111          0        248       2585     -/+ buffers/cache:       1008       2945     Swap:         3811          4       3807      So memory looks pretty used up, but `top` sorted by memory shows the following top-processes:                 PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                                                                                8891 minecraf  20   0 2374m 277m 9.9m S    1  7.0   0:12.21 java                                                                                8704 root      39  19 2802m 272m  11m S    0  6.9   0:28.73 java            The virtual memory used by java seems to be huge, but i learned on the internet that that's not a problem. So i guess my question is: Why does `free` show the virtual memory, if it's not that meaningful?


title: Finding the latest version of package which doesn't require upgrading libc (on Debian)

text: When I try to upgrade packages using `aptitude -t wheezy-backports`, they often require newer `libc` than is installed. Proposed solutions remove hundreds of packages. Is there a way to request only the versions which wouldn't require upgrading `libc` (preferably from the command line)?


title: How can i make usage to print only once

text: #!/bin/bash          usage ()           {          echo "run with 1st argument                 -mux2 or mux4 or mux8 or default(mux2) or all ( all the 3 mux)"           echo "2nd argument                 -struct or ifs or cases or asgn or default(struct) or all(all the                  conditions)"          echo "3rd argument               -on (waveform) or off (no wave) or default(off)'     echo "run                 - should take mux2 struct off as arguments"     }          if [ "$1" == "mux2" -o "$1" == "mux4" -o "$1" == "mux8" ]; then          if [ "$2" == "struct" -o "$2" == "ifs" -o "$2" == "cases" -o "$2"=="asgn" ]; then            if [ "$3" == "on" ]; then            iverilog -o mux "$1".v  "$1"TB.v -D "$2"             vvp mux            gtkwave T.vcd            elif [ "$3" == "off" -o "$3" == "" ]; then            iverilog -o mux "$1".v  "$1"TB.v -D "$2"             vvp mux            else            usage            fi           elif [ "$2" == "all" ]; then           $0 $1 struct $3           $0 $1 ifs $3           $0 $1 cases $3           $0 $1 asgn $3           elif [ "$2" =="" ]; then           $0 $2 struct $3           else           usage           fi          elif [ "$1" == "all" ]; then          $0 mux2 $2 $3          $0 mux4 $2 $3          $0 mux8 $2 $3          elif [ "$1" == "" ]; then          $0 mux2 stuct          else          usage          fi      The usage is displaying more than once when I run script with the following arguments:               run all jhjjk     run all all kjkj      How can I make usage to print only once?


title: efivars data missing from procfs and sysfs

text: I'm trying to install ubuntu on a Tab-X 10.1 Intel WinPad. The UEFI loader only allows booting from 32 bit efi images. Ubuntu only supports UEFI in 64 bit versions. I'm trying to get the 64 bit version of Ubuntu to generate a 32 bit EFI image - I installed `grub-efi-ia32` replacing `grub-efi-amd64`. When reinstalling grub-efi, it complained that:               Fatal: Couldn't open either sysfs or procfs directories for accessing EFI variables.      I checked, and the efivars module is loaded. `/sys/firmware/efi/efivars` exists and is empty. `/sys/firmware/efi/vars` does not exist. I couldn't mount efivarfs because it doesn't seem to be installed. I'm a bit stuck - any Ideas?


title: How can I make CentOS 6 treating WiFi flexibly like Ubuntu 12.04?

text: In my office, I have AT&T Uverse. The router is a 2wire 3600HGV. The WiFI is provided by a Cisco Linksys E1000 that is plugged in the 2wire device. With my notebook running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64bit, I have both the eth0 (192.168.1.66/24) and eth1 (10.0.0.124/24). Both are managed via DHCP. Whether I have an Ethernet cable plugged in or not, DNS works. I just got a used netbook. I installed CentOS 6.5 on it using a DVD with a minimal desktop. By default the NetworkManager manages the wlan0. DNS works. I manually configured a static IP for the wired interface. As soon as I enabled the interface, DNS stops working. I dug around the system and searched the Internet looking for answers but haven't found a clue. Would be appreciative for any hints.


title: Why does xdg-open text_file differ from sudo -u me xdg-open text_file?

text: If I run the following command, the text file opens in my preferred editor (kate).               $ xdg-open text_file      However, if I try the following, where `sparhawk` is my username, I get several warnings, and the jbidwatcher opens instead.               $ sudo -u sparhawk xdg-open text_file      What is the difference? * * * ## Background I have a script triggered by udev that will hence run as root. I'm attempting to open a log file using the user's default editor. Here is some more output that might be helpful.               $ xdg-mime query default text/plain     kate.desktop     $ sudo -u sparhawk xdg-mime query default text/plain     jbidwatcher.desktop     $ sudo -iu sparhawk xdg-mime query default text/plain     jbidwatcher.desktop     $ sudo -Eu sparhawk xdg-mime query default text/plain     kate.desktop     $ sudo -iEu sparhawk xdg-mime query default text/plain     jbidwatcher.desktop      I also attempted testing after `sudo -i`. In all cases, the output was `jbidwatcher.desktop`.


title: Run a command that is shadowed by an alias

text: Let's say i have the following alias in bash - `alias ls='ls --color=auto'` - and i want to call ordinary `ls` without options. Is the only way to do that is to unalias, do the command and then alias again? Or there is some nifty trick or workaround?


title: How to export string about France to Microsoft excel file?

text: One string file `Str.rc` about French language is here:               ID_STR_BRIGHTNESS;,"Luminosité"     ID_STR_CHILE_EASTER_ISLAND;,"Île de Pâques"     ID_STR_CURRENT_CH;,"Saisie chaîne"     ID_STR_DETAILS;,"Détails"      ...... Now I can export it to a Microsoft `Str.xls` like this:               cat ./Str.rc | sed 's/.*,//g' > ./Str.xls      But it will get,for example,'D茅tails' from 'Détails' in this way. By the way,I try to get the file Str.rc encoding format via command: `enca Str.rc`, and it return as following:               enca: Cannot determine (or understand) your language preferences.     Please use `-L language', or `-L none' if your language is not supported     (only a few multibyte encodings can be recognized then).     Run `enca --list languages' to get a list of supported languages.      So,what can I do for this?


title: Tcsh: Searching history using Ctrl-P and Ctrl-N

text: What are the equivalent functions in `tcsh` for the following `zsh` functions?               up-line-or-history     history-beginning-search-backward     down-line-or-history     history-beginning-search-forward      I have the following code in my **,zsh** that I am hoping to translate **in full** to my ".tcsh". The code below is supposed to bind `Ctrl-P` and `Ctrl-N` to such history search functions:               up-line-or-history-beginning-search () {       if [[ -n $PREBUFFER ]]; then         zle up-line-or-history       else         zle history-beginning-search-backward       fi     }     down-line-or-history-beginning-search () {       if [[ -n $PREBUFFER ]]; then         zle down-line-or-history       else         zle history-beginning-search-forward       fi     }               zle -N up-line-or-history-beginning-search     zle -N down-line-or-history-beginning-search          bindkey '^P' up-line-or-history-beginning-search     bindkey '^N' down-line-or-history-beginning-search      Any ideas about what the equivalent `tcsh` code would look like?


title: How can I alter the appearance of "Qt::IBeamCursor" in ReText?

text: I'm running Lubuntu 12.10, fully updated. I used `apt-get` to install `ReText 3.1.4`, a **qt** app, and the various recommends. I managed to get the page and font appearance to my liking by using Qt4 settings and CSS. But I cannot change the insertion bar's appearance from minimal width and black to something a little broader and red. The image below shows the more visible cursor (insertion bar) I have in Leafpad text editor (gtk2) as well as the code I used. Can I get the equivalent effect in ReText? ![cursor](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ic1pu.png) I'm guessing what I want to change is described here as the `Qt::IBeamCursor`. So my question would specifically be: can `Qt::IBeamCursor` be modified by an end-user just by using CSS (and not something more technical)? In the context of `ReText`, I have a CSS file here: `~/.config/ReText project/ReText.css` which I've used to customize the color and size of text within `code` and `pre` tags.


title: network traffic monitor in Debian?

text: I am using Debian wheezy. I am using a limited connection for Internet with 2.5 GB data limit. So I shouldn't use Internet beyond that limit. are there any available data monitors which can do me such functionality. Thank you.


title: SSH via Corkscrew to a remote server not working

text: I am trying to SSH to a remote server from my college network (proxy). However, I am getting this error whenever I try to SSH to the host               ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host      Here is the complete description :- Command :-               ssh -vvv root@serverIP -p serverPort      Output :-               OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012     debug1: Reading configuration data /home/prashant/.ssh/config     debug1: /home/prashant/.ssh/config line 1: Applying options for *     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config     debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Executing proxy command: exec /usr/bin/corkscrew 144.16.192.213 8080  serverIP serverPort     debug1: identity file /home/prashant/.ssh/id_rsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/prashant/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /home/prashant/.ssh/id_dsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/prashant/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /home/prashant/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/prashant/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1     debug1: permanently_drop_suid: 1000     ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host      My config file contains this               Host *     ProxyCommand /usr/bin/corkscrew 144.16.192.213 8080  %h %p      Can anyone help me in solving this issue ? Thanks !


title: Extract directory from wget's stdout

text: I am trying to `wget` a tarball from github.com and, without creating a temporary file, extract a subdirectory from it:               wget -qO- https://github.com/django-nonrel/django-nonrel/tarball/develop | tar xzf - django      It gives me an error saying:               tar: django: Not found in archive     tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors      Apparently I am doing something wrong.


title: What is the best procedure for setting up a triple-boot system?

text: I have a machine that I wish to install 3 operating systems on. The systems are, in no particular order, Windows 8, Ubuntu, and Backtrack Linux. Is there some document or step-by-step guide to the correct way to partition the drive and bootloader in order to install all 3 operating systems?


title: Local host always being added to /etc/hosts.deny when trying to SSH

text: I have a rather odd problem with my server. For some reason the local hostname for my workstation keeps getting added to the `/etc/hosts.deny` and when I try to SSH I get: > ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host If I use another workstation and delete my hostname from the file, I have a about a 10 second window to login from my workstation before its added again. My workstation is running Mac OSX Mountain Lion and I'm using `ssh` from the Terminal. Any idea what could be up or how to find out what's up?