title: HD TV and Macbook Air with Linux see each other but screen is black

text: With Apple Macbook Air 1,1 (Early 2008) and Ubuntu 12.04 with kernel Linux 3.2.0-68-generic-pae, when I connect it to an HD TV via the micro-DVI to DVI (Apple adapter) --> DVI to HDMI (I tried two different cables) I get the TV recognized in System Settings -> Displays, but the TV only gets a completely _black screen_ signal (i.e. it gets a signal, because if I unplug the cable or disable the TV screen in Ubuntu the TV then says 'no signal', but this signal is just black screen). Note that the DVI adapter works well with other DVI screens in Linux, while the above HDMI setup works well in Windows, so it must be a Linux-related problem. The TV is Philips 32pfl4007m/08 but in system settings -> displays it gets named philips consumer electronics 58'' The problem should be that the graphics chipset is reporting a single device being connected to both HDMI and TV1, as one can check in the output from xrandr (with cable plugged in):               Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3200 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192     LVDS1 connected 1280x800+0+12 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 286mm x 179mm        1280x800       61.2*+        1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        59.9       VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI1 connected 1920x1080+1280+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1280mm x 720mm        1920x1080      60.0*+   50.0     24.0          1600x1200      60.0          1280x1024      60.0          1360x768       59.8          1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3          640x480        60.0       TV1 unknown connection (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)        848x480        59.9 +        640x480        59.9 +        1024x768       59.9          800x600        59.9      The command `lsmod | grep i915` gives               i915                  428317  4      drm_kms_helper         45466  1 i915     drm                   197641  5 i915,drm_kms_helper     i2c_algo_bit           13199  1 i915     video                  19115  1 i915      With lspci I get               Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller      also               00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (primary) (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])         Subsystem: Apple Inc. Device 00a2         Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 42         Memory at 90000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]         Memory at 80000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]         I/O ports at 5110 [size=8]         Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled]         Capabilities: <access denied>         Kernel driver in use: i915         Kernel modules: intelfb, i915          00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (secondary) (rev 03)         Subsystem: Apple Inc. Device 00a2         Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0         Memory at 90100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]         Capabilities: <access denied>      and `sudo lshw -C display` gives                 *-display:0                         description: VGA compatible controller            product: Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (primary)            vendor: Intel Corporation            physical id: 2            bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0            version: 03            width: 64 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom            configuration: driver=i915 latency=0            resources: irq:42 memory:90000000-900fffff memory:80000000-8fffffff ioport:5110(size=8)       *-display:1 UNCLAIMED            description: Display controller            product: Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (secondary)            vendor: Intel Corporation            physical id: 2.1            bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1            version: 03            width: 64 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list            configuration: latency=0            resources: memory:90100000-901fffff      and `randr --prop` gives               Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3200 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192     LVDS1 connected 1280x800+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 286mm x 179mm         EDID:             00ffffffffffff000610739c01010101             10110103801d12780a90b59958528e26             1e505400000001010101010101010101             010101010101521c00a0502017303020             36001eb3100000180000000100061020             00000000000000000a20000000fe0042             313333455730332056300a20000000fe             00436f6c6f72204c43440a20202000d4         BACKLIGHT: 3906 (0x00000f42)    range:  (0,24385)         Backlight: 3906 (0x00000f42)    range:  (0,24385)         scaling mode:   Full aspect             supported: None         Full         Center       Full aspect         1280x800       61.2*+        1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        59.9       VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI1 connected 1920x1080+1280+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1280mm x 720mm         EDID:             00ffffffffffff00410c000001010101             03140103808048780ae692a3544a9926             0f4a4c2108008bc08180a94001010101             010101010101023a801871382d40582c             450000d05200001e023a80d072382d40             102c458000d05200001e000000fc0050             68696c697073204654560a20000000fd             00303e0f4611000a20202020202001c9             020331f152101f202221051404131203             1102160715060126091f071507508301             00006a030c003000382d802e2ee30503             01011d803e73382d407e2c458000d052             00001e011d80d0721c1620102c258000             d05200009e011d00bc52d01e20b82855             4000d05200001e011d8018711c162058             2c250000d05200009e00000000000002         Broadcast RGB:  Full             supported: Full         Limited 16:2         audio:  auto             supported: off          auto         on                  1920x1080      60.0*+   50.0     24.0          1600x1200      60.0          1280x1024      60.0          1360x768       59.8          1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3          640x480        60.0       TV1 unknown connection (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)         bottom margin: 37 (0x00000025)  range:  (0,100)         right margin: 46 (0x0000002e)   range:  (0,100)         top margin: 36 (0x00000024) range:  (0,100)         left margin: 54 (0x00000036)    range:  (0,100)         mode:   NTSC-M             supported: NTSC-M       NTSC-443     NTSC-J       PAL-M                               PAL-N        PAL          480p@59.94Hz 480p@60Hz                           576p         720p@60Hz    720p@59.94Hz 720p@50Hz                           1080i@50Hz   1080i@60Hz   1080i@59.94H        848x480        59.9 +        640x480        59.9 +        1024x768       59.9          800x600        59.9


title: How to add an ip range to known_hosts?

text: Many services (like GitHub) use a wide range of IPs, and obviously the same public key. How can I add an IP range (preferably in a single) to known_hosts file? For the GitHub example, it uses the following ranges:   * 207.97.227.224/27   * 173.203.140.192/27   * 204.232.175.64/27   * 72.4.117.96/27   * 192.30.252.0/22 And the key is: > > AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAq2A7hRGmdnm9tUDbO9IDSwBK6TbQa+PXYPCPy6rbTrTtw7PHkccKrpp0yVhp5HdEIcKr6pLlVDBfOLX9QUsyCOV0wzfjIJNlGEYsdlLJizHhbn2mUjvSAHQqZETYP81eFzLQNnPHt4EVVUh7VfDESU84KezmD5QlWpXLmvU31/yMf+Se8xhHTvKSCZIFImWwoG6mbUoWf9nzpIoaSjB+weqqUUmpaaasXVal72J+UX2B+2RPW3RcT0eOzQgqlJL3RKrTJvdsjE3JEAvGq3lGHSZXy28G3skua2SmVi/w4yCE6gbODqnTWlg7+wC604ydGXA8VJiS5ap43JXiUFFAaQ==


title: Starting rng-tools in SLES guest in VirtualBox

text: I am trying to start `rng-tools` in a SLES 11 SP3 installation inside of VirtualBox.               vagrant@sles11sp3x64:~> uname -a     Linux sles11sp3x64 3.0.93-0.8-default #1 SMP Tue Aug 27 08:44:18 UTC 2013 (70ed288) x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux      All attempts have been un-successful, with the following output:               vagrant@sles11sp3x64:/etc/init.d> sudo /sbin/service rng-tools status     Checking for RNG daemon                                                                                unused     vagrant@sles11sp3x64:/etc/init.d> sudo /sbin/service rng-tools start     Starting RNG daemon  No Hardware RNG support available                                                                                skipped      here is the contents of `/etc/default/rng-tools` :               vagrant@sles11sp3x64:~> cat /etc/default/rng-tools     HRNGDEVICE=/dev/urandom      What am I missing to get VirtualBox to expose my hardware correctly?


title: Need recommended PCI Wifi Cards for Debian

text: I want to find a brand and model of wireless PCI card for use in Debian computers. My computer club has numerous computers to refurbish and distribute to people who can't afford to buy a computer. Some recipients can use only wireless. I want to buy a supply of such cards for use as needed.


title: SMB Mount To Windows Server Appears to Lock up. Any Ideas?

text: We are running CentOS 6.3 with all the latest updates. (Attempt to resolve this issue) The Server I am trying to connect to is a Windows Server 2008 R2 box. Though this applies to our old SBS'03 Box too. I can mount the share, browse it all I want. Copy stuff off of the share and it keeps chugging right along. The issue arrives when my Zimbra server, or any other write operation for that matter, hits the share. It works for a few min takes a fair amount of data, then the share seems to lockup. If I go into Server Manager on the Windows box, find the session and kill it. The drive reconnects and starts working perfectly again. There are no real errors except that Linux starts issuing connection errors Any Help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks


title: How to configure a fixed user ID on an NFS server?

text: I'd like my NFS server to always use the same user ID to own the files, whatever user ID is used on the client. Is this possible and how?


title: Linux: Is there a IPv6 equivalent to the IPv4 kernel option accept_local?

text: Since linux kernel >= 2.6.33 the kernel option "accept_local" can be modified: > `/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/${interfaceID}/` > > `accept_local` - BOOLEAN > > Accept packets with local source addresses. In combination with suitable > routing, this can be used to direct packets between two local interfaces > over the wire and have them accepted properly.   >  default FALSE Is there any IPv6 equivalent to this option? If not, is there a patch or plans to implement it in the near future? Edit: I am using two WIFI Interfaces and have created propper routing rules, which allow me to send packets between these local interfaces over WIFI (no loop-device). I could add routing rules for IPv6 but without this option packets will be dropped as "martian packets". Packets are only accepted, when this boolean is TRUE.


title: Kernel upgrade 2.6 to 3.5.3 on CentOS 5.8 -> switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory

text: I upgraded kernel on my CentOS 5.8 from 2.6.18 to 3.5.3 and now it is unable to mount the root filesystem: ![screenshot](http://i.stack.imgur.com/SO3KA.jpg) I could not find any explanation through Google. Can you point me in the right direction? I use Grub 0.97. I tried to point to the root device in the grup.conf by label, by `/dev/hda` and by UUID and nothing changed. I compared the init scripts located in old and new initrd images and they are mostly the same - `dm-mem-cache.ko`, `dm-message.ko` and `dm-raid45.ko` modules are not loaded into the new kernel. The drivers installed with the new kernel are the same as those with the old one.


title: Openwrt in industrial solutions. connect fail reasons

text: all, I have uci wifi setup whitch i know is correct to connect to access point. But it does not associate sometimes. and other Access point does not connect ever it is equivalent, but with different SSID. How to check what is reason for that? "dmesg" does not help too much. thank You!!


title: dpkg: new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1

text: I ended up dealing with a software meant to be deployed using dpkg. The .deb package works fine on the test env but fail on staging. Both are running the same version of Ubuntu but I am not 100% sure of the rest of the configs. How to debug this dpkg issue further? The installation fails like this:               sudo dpkg -i --debug=7337 package.deb      D000010: ensure_pathname_nonexisting `/var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci'     (Reading database ... 201812 files and directories currently installed.)     Unpacking myProprietarySoftware (from package.deb) ...     D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=not installed     D000002: fork/exec /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/preinst ( install )     dpkg: error processing package.deb (--install):      subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1     D000002: maintainer_script_new nonexistent postrm `/var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/postrm'     D000010: ensure_pathname_nonexisting `/var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci'     D000010: ensure_pathname_nonexisting running rm -rf     D000010: ensure_pathname_nonexisting `/var/lib/dpkg/reassemble.deb'     Errors were encountered while processing:      package.deb


title: udev rule trouble on a Raspberry Pi (Raspbrian) using an ACR122U card reader

text: I am trying to get my ACR122U usable by all users on my Pi. I have the drivers installed correctly and `nfc-list` is working for root:               root@raspberrypi:/etc/udev/rules.d# nfc-list     nfc-list uses libnfc libnfc-1.7.1-11-gbb9babb     NFC device: ACS / ACR122U PICC Interface opened      However, it is not working for my user:               skrrp@raspberrypi ~ $ nfc-list     nfc-list uses libnfc libnfc-1.7.1-11-gbb9babb     error   libnfc.driver.acr122_usb        Unable to claim USB interface (Operation not permitted)     nfc-list: ERROR: Unable to open NFC device: acr122_usb:001:004      `lsusb` reports:               root@raspberrypi:/etc/udev/rules.d# lsusb     [...]     Bus 001 Device 004: ID 072f:2200 Advanced Card Systems, Ltd      And the device file is:               root@raspberrypi:/etc/udev/rules.d# ls -l /dev/bus/usb/001/004     crw-rw-r-T 1 root root 189, 3 May  8 10:11 /dev/bus/usb/001/004      I have created `/etc/udev/rules.d/10-udev.rules` containing:               ATTRS{idVendor}=="072f", ATTRS{idProduct}=="2200", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ACTION=="add", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"      But I am still unable to access the device as a user, after rebooting and replugging the device. My user is a member of `plugdev` but I am really aiming for any user to use this device (permissions `0666`). Please can someone tell me what I am doing wrong with my `udev` rule.


title: Passing substring parameters to awk

text: I need to split a file and rename it accordingly using awk command. I'm trying to use the substring command and pass a parameter to awk command but it fails.               for file in *.csv     do       split -n 3 -d -a 2 "$file" "$file--"       for each in $(seq -w 2 10)       do             echo $file--$each            awk -v filestem= ${$file--$each:2:5} '{filename = filestem; print >> filename}' $file--$each       done     done


title: No numlock in screen?

text: I am using a laptop and Putty on a Windows system. When I connect to my Debian Squeeze server in Bash environment, I can use the "Pos1/Home" or "End" (at the numlock part of the keyboard) to navigate through the commandline I am just writing. However, when I create a "subshell" using `screen`, I cannot use Pos1/Home or End anymore. Pressing Num-Lock does not help.


title: find * looks for a file named "*" on Debian but not on RHEL

text: Where is the difference? Do these distributions handle something differently? Or does the configuration vary? What do I have to compare and adjust? I would prefer `find *` not to match the wildcard itself.   * The results differ because one host matches `*` too: In contrast to _RedHatHost_ , _DebianHost_ searches for `*` as well. But there is no file named `*`.   * Platforms: Debian Wheezy 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Bash is always used.   * `grep` is supposed to look for the host's name in every file in `/etc`. There could only be one match for each host: `/etc/hostname` on _DebianHost_ and `cat /etc/sysconfig/network` on _RedHatHost_.               DebianHost# cat $(find /etc/ *) 2>/dev/null | grep $(hostname)     find: `*': No such file or directory     DebianHost     DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost# hostname     DebianHost     DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost# pwd     /root     DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost# ls -1 .     DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost# grep -r $(hostname) /etc     /etc/hostname:DebianHost     DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost#      DebianHost# find /etc/ * | grep -e "*"     find: `*': No such file or directory     DebianHost#                          RedHatHost# cat $(find /etc/ *) 2>/dev/null | grep $(hostname)     HOSTNAME=RedHatHost     RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#      RedHatHost# hostname     RedHatHost     RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#     RedHatHost#       RedHatHost# pwd     /root     RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#      RedHatHost# ls -1 .     anaconda-ks.cfg     install.log     install.log.syslog     RedHatHost#     RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#      RedHatHost# grep -r $(hostname) /etc/     /etc/sysconfig/network:HOSTNAME=RedHatHost     RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#     RedHatHost#      RedHatHost#      RedHatHost# find /etc/ * | grep -e "*"     RedHatHost#


title: Centralized package management for RPM based distro

text: We have about 6 servers under Linux CentOS. And I want to have possibility to view (best will be some web-interface, but console-only useful too) outdated packages, which can be updated and have all this information in one place, without necessity to run `yum check-update` or read emails from `yum-updatesd` for every box. If this will can directly run this updates - this will be ideal. And may be - also have possibility to install new / remove old software from one place.


title: Increment a date in a file

text: I have a file with single line of text inside.How can I modify its content without using the `vi` editor.Below is the example:               PROCESS DATE =2014-08-01      I want to increment the `"2014-08-01"` by the next possible date. My idea is creating a variable.How can I do that?


title: How Does Linux deal with shell scripts?

text: For this question, let's consider a bash shell script, though this question must be applicable to all types of shell script. When someone executes a shell script, **does Linux load all the script at once (into memory maybe) or does it read script commands one by one** (line by line)? In other words, if I execute a shell script and delete it before the execution completes, will the execution be terminated or will it continue as it is?


title: KRB5 auth with samba

text: I'm attempting to setup a samba share on RHEL6 for a group of users. There are quite a few of them with very little technical experience so having them SSH in to reset smbpasswd is asking a lot. We already use KRB5 to authenticate to our AD domain. We actually maintain local user accounts, but set them with a password of '!!' so that it passes on to AD. I'm wondering if I can simply use that same mechanism for samba. Can I set up a local user account for each user on the linux machine, then just have them auth with the same mechanism? Most of the things I've read are suggesting winbind and joining the domain, and I'd rather not have to do that due to internal politics. Thanks for any suggestions!


title: History of IP addresses that accesed a server via ssh

text: It has come to my attention that a server of mine has been hacked and infected with a known chinese botnet. It was a prototype/testing virtual machine with its own static IP(US address) so no harm was caused(just took me a while to figure it out). Now I would like to know what IP/s was used for the intrusion to know if the attack originated from china. Is there a way to view a history of received connections on ssh on the server? Edit: The system is Linux Debian 7


title: Nagios : How to monitor windows host from linux "by command line"?

text: I need help to monitor windows host using command line in Nagios. As we can monitor Remote Linux host by NRPE (`check_nrpe`)using command line as :               /usr/local/nagios/check_nrpe -H localhost -c somecommand -t 30      What is the command in Linux to monitor windows host using `check_nt` plugin? I can monitor successfully by graphical method given in Nagios Core Documentation, but I want to parse its output to some code for further processing. I have written a simple shell script to monitor by nagios for those Linux systems. Now I have given this script to the developer who can use this script in his QT C++ code and produced output in format suggested to him. But now we can only monitor Linux systems as we haven't found any command yet to append in the script, so that we can process in our code to produce output as we want.


title: what is internal 1 and internal 2 ip in freebsd , what is external 1 and external 2 ip in freebsd

text: # ifconfig gif0 create     # ifconfig gif0 internal1 internal2     # ifconfig gif0 tunnel external1 external2        * what is `internal 1` and `internal 2` IP? in freebsd    * what is `external 1` and `external 2` IP? in freebsd  And how can I know my public IP?


title: Linux Mint 12 font glitches

text: All fonts in the Mint 12 installation are displayed with glitches, especially the numbers and symbols. This started happening after switching between some of the default themes. No other changes were made. Any ideas on where the problem can be and how to solve it? Thanks! ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/fZKzu.png)


title: Sed and Awk learning material

text: I'm looking for some learning material for sed and awk, can anyone make any suggestions? Please don’t refer to man and help pages. -O-


title: Razer Ouroboros mouse not working

text: # The Problem I don't mean the extra keys and what not, I'm just talking about getting the pointer to move across the screen and the left and right buttons to click. I've got it plugged into the system directly using the cable. I'm running Gentoo right now. The mouse works fine in the Ubuntu live CD on the same machine. I got it working on another Gentoo installation. That installation has three major differences:   1. It is slightly more up to date.   2. I was using a USB3 port, instead of a USB2 port.   3. It's using a genkernel kernel, instead of a custom one. I've been unable to test genkernel on this machine because genkernel is apparently unable to generate a kernel that boots on this one. Next thing I can try is to update my installation. I also need to try this on something like Ubuntu to see if it can autodetect the hardware, because that will confirm that my problem is related to configuration. So does anyone have any ideas? I couldn't find **anything** about this mouse on Linux on the Internet. I've also never seen a mouse flat-out not working on Linux. Here's the relevant output I could find:               cat /dev/input/event9     ÂµS°cat: /dev/input/event9: No such device     cat: /dev/input/event9: No such device      _In this case`event9` is the device assigned to the mouse, see `Xorg.0.log` below._   The characters before the error messages are random, which make me think they are mouse movements. They also pop up after some time. The mouse appears to disconnect / reconnect whenever I press one of the mouse buttons:               Jul  7 23:09:33 straylight kernel: usb 2-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 10     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: usb 2-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci-pci     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: usb 2-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=1532, idProduct=0032     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: usb 2-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: usb 2-1.2: Product: Razer Ouroboros     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: usb 2-1.2: Manufacturer: Razer     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.0/input/input31     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001D: input,hidraw4: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input0     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.1/input/input32     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001E: input,hidraw5: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input1     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.2/input/input33     Jul  7 23:09:34 straylight kernel: hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001F: input,hidraw6: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input2      # Things I've Tried   * I re-compiled my kernel with CONFIG_USB_EHCI_TT_NEWSCHED=y, since some people suggested that. It had no effect as far as I could tell.   * I upgraded my kernel to the newest version that was available, no change.   * I tried the kernel config from the other Gentoo machine, no change. # Currently Investigating   * I suspect there's some sort of issue with USB2 vs USB3. The other machine has a USB3 port, and the problematic one doesn't. I've also experienced problems with this regarding MTP. # Assorted Logs **dmesg**               [  731.127793] hub 1-1:1.0: debounce: port 6: total 100ms stable 100ms status 0x101     [  731.138749] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6 not reset yet, waiting 10ms     [  731.200606] usb 1-1.6: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd     [  731.211559] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6 not reset yet, waiting 10ms     [  731.287115] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface     [  731.287122] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface     [  731.287126] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface     [  731.287478] usb 1-1.6: default language 0x0409     [  731.287967] usb 1-1.6: udev 11, busnum 1, minor = 10     [  731.287969] usb 1-1.6: New USB device found, idVendor=1532, idProduct=0032     [  731.287971] usb 1-1.6: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0     [  731.287973] usb 1-1.6: Product: Razer Ouroboros                                                                         [  731.287974] usb 1-1.6: Manufacturer: Razer     [  731.288020] usb 1-1.6: usb_probe_device     [  731.288023] usb 1-1.6: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice     [  731.288482] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.0 (config #1, interface 0)     [  731.288511] usbhid 1-1.6:1.0: usb_probe_interface     [  731.288513] usbhid 1-1.6:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id     [  731.289236] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.0/input/input32     [  731.289292] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001A: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:     00:1a.0-1.6/input0     [  731.289303] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.1 (config #1, interface 1)     [  731.289324] usbhid 1-1.6:1.1: usb_probe_interface     [  731.289326] usbhid 1-1.6:1.1: usb_probe_interface - got id     [  731.291438] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.1/input/input33     [  731.291467] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129a56100 start 0 [1/2 us]     [  731.291512] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001B: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-00     00:00:1a.0-1.6/input1     [  731.291522] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.2 (config #1, interface 2)     [  731.291542] usbhid 1-1.6:1.2: usb_probe_interface     [  731.291544] usbhid 1-1.6:1.2: usb_probe_interface - got id     [  731.292411] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.2/input/input34     [  731.292518] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129a56800 start 0 [1/2 us]     [  731.292567] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001C: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-00     00:00:1a.0-1.6/input2     [  731.292582] hub 1-1:1.0: state 7 ports 6 chg 0000 evt 0040     [  731.302537] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unloa     d '     [  731.302576] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unloa     d '     [  731.302606] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unloa     d '      **/var/log/messages**                   Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.192976] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129abc000 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.193600] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129abcc80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.205991] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129abc000 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.205999] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129abc000 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.206071] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129abcc80 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.206073] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129abcc80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.208558] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129abcc80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.208846] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129abc000 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.233918] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129abcc80 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.233925] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129abcc80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.234942] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129abc000 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.234950] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129abc000 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.236489] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129abcc80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.237862] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129abc000 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.287776] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129abcc80 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.287783] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129abcc80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.289711] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129abc000 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.289714] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129abc000 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.290350] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129abcc80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.292682] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129abc000 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.326145] hub 1-1:1.0: state 7 ports 6 chg 0000 evt 0040         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.326411] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6, status 0100, change 0001, 12 Mb/s         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.326549] usb 1-1.6: USB disconnect, device number 9         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.326553] usb 1-1.6: unregistering device         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.326556] usb 1-1.6: unregistering interface 1-1.6:1.0         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.340765] usb 1-1.6: unregistering interface 1-1.6:1.1         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.363711] usb 1-1.6: unregistering interface 1-1.6:1.2         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.386641] usb 1-1.6: usb_disable_device nuking all URBs         Jul  3 22:42:11 straylight kernel: [  712.490532] hub 1-1:1.0: debounce: port 6: total 100ms stable 100ms status 0x100         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.582656] hub 1-1:1.0: state 7 ports 6 chg 0000 evt 0040         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.583140] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6, status 0101, change 0001, 12 Mb/s         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.686611] hub 1-1:1.0: debounce: port 6: total 100ms stable 100ms status 0x101         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.697599] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6 not reset yet, waiting 10ms         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.759421] usb 1-1.6: new full-speed USB device number 10 using ehci_hcd         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.770414] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6 not reset yet, waiting 10ms         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.846327] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.846334] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.846338] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.846601] usb 1-1.6: default language 0x0409         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847101] usb 1-1.6: udev 10, busnum 1, minor = 9         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847108] usb 1-1.6: New USB device found, idVendor=1532, idProduct=0032         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847112] usb 1-1.6: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847115] usb 1-1.6: Product: Razer Ouroboros         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847119] usb 1-1.6: Manufacturer: Razer         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847220] usb 1-1.6: usb_probe_device         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847225] usb 1-1.6: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847437] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.0 (config #1, interface 0)         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847467] usbhid 1-1.6:1.0: usb_probe_interface         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.847469] usbhid 1-1.6:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.848170] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.0/input/input29         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.848230] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.0017: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6/input0         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.848240] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.1 (config #1, interface 1)         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.848261] usbhid 1-1.6:1.1: usb_probe_interface         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.848263] usbhid 1-1.6:1.1: usb_probe_interface - got id         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.850516] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.1/input/input30         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.850550] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.850594] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.0018: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6/input1         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.850604] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.2 (config #1, interface 2)         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.850625] usbhid 1-1.6:1.2: usb_probe_interface         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.850627] usbhid 1-1.6:1.2: usb_probe_interface - got id         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.851371] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.2/input/input31         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.851444] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight kernel: [  724.851507] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.0019: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6/input2         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 10: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6"         Jul  3 22:42:23 straylight mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 10 was not an MTP device         Jul  3 22:42:24 straylight kernel: [  724.862885] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unload '         Jul  3 22:42:24 straylight kernel: [  724.862928] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unload '         Jul  3 22:42:24 straylight kernel: [  724.862961] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unload '         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.821629] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.821913] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.834277] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129a56e00 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.834285] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.834361] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129a56f80 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.834363] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.836957] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:29 straylight kernel: [  730.837546] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.862205] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129a56f80 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.862212] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.863232] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129a56e00 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.863240] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.864890] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.866510] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.916066] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129a56f80 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.916074] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.918081] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: reused qh ffff880129a56e00 schedule         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.918089] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.918750] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-3008/ffff880129a56f80 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.921368] usb 1-1.6: unlink qh1-0601/ffff880129a56e00 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.966209] hub 1-1:1.0: state 7 ports 6 chg 0000 evt 0040         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.966467] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6, status 0101, change 0001, 12 Mb/s         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.966579] usb 1-1.6: USB disconnect, device number 10         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.966581] usb 1-1.6: unregistering device         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.966583] usb 1-1.6: unregistering interface 1-1.6:1.0         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.979027] usb 1-1.6: unregistering interface 1-1.6:1.1         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  730.997019] usb 1-1.6: unregistering interface 1-1.6:1.2         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.023909] usb 1-1.6: usb_disable_device nuking all URBs         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.127793] hub 1-1:1.0: debounce: port 6: total 100ms stable 100ms status 0x101         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.138749] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6 not reset yet, waiting 10ms         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.200606] usb 1-1.6: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.211559] hub 1-1:1.0: port 6 not reset yet, waiting 10ms         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287115] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287122] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287126] usb 1-1.6: skipped 1 descriptor after interface         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287478] usb 1-1.6: default language 0x0409         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287967] usb 1-1.6: udev 11, busnum 1, minor = 10         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287969] usb 1-1.6: New USB device found, idVendor=1532, idProduct=0032         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287971] usb 1-1.6: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287973] usb 1-1.6: Product: Razer Ouroboros         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.287974] usb 1-1.6: Manufacturer: Razer         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.288020] usb 1-1.6: usb_probe_device         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.288023] usb 1-1.6: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.288482] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.0 (config #1, interface 0)         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.288511] usbhid 1-1.6:1.0: usb_probe_interface         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.288513] usbhid 1-1.6:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.289236] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.0/input/input32         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.289292] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001A: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6/input0         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.289303] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.1 (config #1, interface 1)         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.289324] usbhid 1-1.6:1.1: usb_probe_interface         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.289326] usbhid 1-1.6:1.1: usb_probe_interface - got id         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.291438] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.1/input/input33         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.291467] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-0601/ffff880129a56100 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.291512] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001B: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6/input1         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.291522] usb 1-1.6: adding 1-1.6:1.2 (config #1, interface 2)         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.291542] usbhid 1-1.6:1.2: usb_probe_interface         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.291544] usbhid 1-1.6:1.2: usb_probe_interface - got id         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.292411] input: Razer Razer Ouroboros as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.2/input/input34         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.292518] usb 1-1.6: link qh1-3008/ffff880129a56800 start 0 [1/2 us]         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.292567] hid-generic 0003:1532:0032.001C: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Razer Razer Ouroboros] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6/input2         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.292582] hub 1-1:1.0: state 7 ports 6 chg 0000 evt 0040         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 11: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6"         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 11 was not an MTP device         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.302537] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unload '         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.302576] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unload '         Jul  3 22:42:30 straylight kernel: [  731.302606] joydev: version magic '3.6.11-ck SMP mod_unload modversions ' should be '3.6.11-ck SMP preempt mod_unload '      **/var/log/Xorg.0.log**               [   732.888] (II) config/udev: removing device Razer Razer Ouroboros     [   732.899] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Close     [   732.899] (II) UnloadModule: "evdev"     [   732.911] (II) config/udev: removing device Razer Razer Ouroboros     [   732.920] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Close     [   732.920] (II) UnloadModule: "evdev"     [   733.201] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Razer Razer Ouroboros (/dev/input/event8)     [   733.201] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: Applying InputClass "evdev pointer catchall"     [   733.201] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Razer Razer Ouroboros'     [   733.201] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: always reports core events     [   733.201] (**) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Device: "/dev/input/event8"     [   733.214] (EE) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Unable to open evdev device "/dev/input/event8".     [   733.214] (EE) PreInit returned 2 for "Razer Razer Ouroboros"     [   733.214] (II) UnloadModule: "evdev"     [   733.214] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Razer Razer Ouroboros (/dev/input/mouse1)     [   733.214] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.     [   733.214] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.     [   733.214] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Razer Razer Ouroboros (/dev/input/event10)     [   733.214] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"     [   733.214] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Razer Razer Ouroboros'     [   733.214] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: always reports core events     [   733.214] (**) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Device: "/dev/input/event10"     [   733.214] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Vendor 0x1532 Product 0x32     [   733.214] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Found keys     [   733.214] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Configuring as keyboard     [   733.214] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.2/input/input34/event10"     [   733.214] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Razer Razer Ouroboros" (type: KEYBOARD, id 8)     [   733.214] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [   733.214] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc104"     [   733.214] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"     [   733.215] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Razer Razer Ouroboros (/dev/input/event9)     [   733.215] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"     [   733.215] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Razer Razer Ouroboros'     [   733.215] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: always reports core events     [   733.215] (**) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Device: "/dev/input/event9"     [   733.215] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Using mtdev for this device     [   733.215] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Vendor 0x1532 Product 0x32     [   733.215] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Found 1 mouse buttons     [   733.215] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Found scroll wheel(s)     [   733.215] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Found relative axes     [   733.215] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Forcing relative x/y axes to exist.     [   733.215] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Found absolute axes     [   733.215] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Found absolute multitouch axes     [   733.215] (--) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Found keys     [   733.215] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Configuring as mouse     [   733.215] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Configuring as keyboard     [   733.215] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: Adding scrollwheel support     [   733.215] (**) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: YAxisMapping: buttons 4 and 5     [   733.215] (**) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: EmulateWheelButton: 4, EmulateWheelInertia: 10, EmulateWheelTimeout: 200     [   733.215] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.6/1-1.6:1.1/input/input33/event9"     [   733.215] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Razer Razer Ouroboros" (type: KEYBOARD, id 9)     [   733.215] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [   733.215] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc104"     [   733.215] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"     [   733.215] (II) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: initialized for relative axes.     [   733.215] (WW) evdev: Razer Razer Ouroboros: ignoring absolute axes.     [   733.215] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: (accel) keeping acceleration scheme 1     [   733.215] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: (accel) acceleration profile 0     [   733.215] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: (accel) acceleration factor: 2.000     [   733.215] (**) Razer Razer Ouroboros: (accel) acceleration threshold: 4


title: Preserve directory structure when moving files using find

text: I have created the following script that move old days files as defined from source directory to destination directory. It is working perfectly.               #!/bin/bash          echo "Enter Your Source Directory"     read soure          echo "Enter Your Destination Directory"     read destination           echo "Enter Days"     read days                     find "$soure" -type f -mtime "-$days" -exec mv {} "$destination" \;            echo "Files which were $days Days old moved from $soure to $destination"      This script moves files great, It also move files of source subdirectory, but it doesn't create subdirectory into destination directory. I want to implement this additional feature in it. with example               /home/ketan     : source directory          /home/ketan/hex : source subdirectory          /home/maxi      : destination directory      When I run this script , it also move hex's files in maxi directory, but I need that same hex should be created into maxi directory and move its files in same hex there.


title: Linux Router Load Benchmark

text: What tools and methods can be used to stress test a Linux-based router/proxy? On the router Squid, Apache Modproxy and Privoxy are installed. The purpose of the stress test is to determine which proxy is best in terms of load. There are three machines, a client, the router, and a server. The tool must be able to log a performance period so the results can be graphed next to each other, preferably using `gnuplot` or Excel. Thanks


title: How to give each variable a different color?

text: Is it possible to have a vim color scheme where each variable is given a unique color? If so, how? This feature would be really helpful when visually scanning code. (I think I saw this feature in KDevelop.)


title: Capturing new output after deleting the output file

text: I'm runnig a java server on Debian with this command:                 java -jar myapp.jar [args] >> log.txt      Once I gzipped the log file to send it and then I realized the original file was gone, leaving me with only the .gzip. Although I created the file manually (and also tried to unzip the original) the app didn't log anymore to that file. So my questions are: where does that log go after that? Is there any way to re-route the output log file without restarting the app (as it is a server, I'd rather not kill the process).


title: pdksh missing from RHEL 6 and CentOS 6?

text: The package `pdksh` does not exist on RHEL 6 or CentOS 6 when I try to install it through `yum`. So my questions:   1. Why is it no longer available in the default repositories? It is available in version 5.x.   2. Is there a replacement shell?   3. What about programs that depend on `pdksh`? Can they use the replacement shell? My workaround has been to use the package from version 5, which I feel is not the proper solution and I should understand it better than the workaround. My concern is mainly regarding Oracle Database. It asks for `pdksh`, so will it be a problem to use a replacment shell other than `pdksh`?


title: YUM won't update KERNEL

text: ...     ...     ...         --> Running transaction check         ---> Package db4-devel.x86_64 0:4.7.25-18.el6_4 will be installed         --> Processing Dependency: db4-cxx = 4.7.25-18.el6_4 for package: db4-devel-4.7.25-18.el6_4.x86_64         --> Processing Dependency: libdb_cxx-4.7.so()(64bit) for package: db4-devel-4.7.25-18.el6_4.x86_64         ---> Package gdbm-devel.x86_64 0:1.8.0-36.el6 will be installed         ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-431.20.3.el6 will be installed         --> Processing Dependency: kernel-firmware >= 2.6.32-431.20.3.el6 for package: kernel-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.x86_64         Package kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.noarch is obsoleted by vzkernel-firmware-2.6.32-042stab083.2.noarch which is already installed         ---> Package lzo.x86_64 0:2.03-3.1.el6 will be installed         ---> Package mesa-private-llvm.x86_64 0:3.3-0.3.rc3.el6 will be installed         ---> Package p11-kit.x86_64 0:0.18.5-2.el6_5.2 will be installed         ---> Package p11-kit-trust.x86_64 0:0.18.5-2.el6_5.2 will be installed         ---> Package shared-mime-info.x86_64 0:0.70-4.el6 will be installed         ---> Package snappy.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el6 will be installed         --> Running transaction check         ---> Package db4-cxx.x86_64 0:4.7.25-18.el6_4 will be installed         ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-431.20.3.el6 will be installed         --> Processing Dependency: kernel-firmware >= 2.6.32-431.20.3.el6 for package: kernel-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.x86_64         Package kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.noarch is obsoleted by vzkernel-firmware-2.6.32-042stab083.2.noarch which is already installed         --> Finished Dependency Resolution          You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem          You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest         Error: Package: kernel-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.x86_64 (updates)                    Requires: kernel-firmware >= 2.6.32-431.20.3.el6                    Removing: vzkernel-firmware-2.6.32-042stab083.2.noarch (@openvz-kernel-rhel6)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-358.23.2.el6                    Updated By: vzkernel-firmware-2.6.32-042stab090.5.noarch (openvz-kernel-rhel6)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.17.1.el6                    Available: kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.el6.noarch (base)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.el6                    Available: kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.1.2.0.1.el6.noarch (updates)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.1.2.0.1.el6                    Available: kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.3.1.el6.noarch (updates)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.3.1.el6                    Available: kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.noarch (updates)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.5.1.el6                    Available: kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.noarch (updates)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.11.2.el6                    Available: kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.17.1.el6.noarch (updates)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.17.1.el6                    Available: kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.noarch (updates)                        kernel-firmware = 2.6.32-431.20.3.el6          You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem          You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest                   uname -a         Linux LOD1.downtownhost.com 2.6.32-042stab083.2 #1 SMP Fri Nov 8 18:08:40 MSK 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux      I need to get the kernel to stab090.5 to avoid some exploits but I don't get why YUM is broken. Do I have too many kernels in under /boot/grub? EDIT: I see the following               yum list kernel.*     Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security     Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile      * base: mirror.dattobackup.com      * extras: mirror.atlanticmetro.net      * openvz-kernel-rhel6: mirror.trouble-free.net      * openvz-utils: mirror.trouble-free.net      * soluslabs: mirror.us1.soluslabs.net      * updates: mirror.cs.uwp.edu     Installed Packages     kernel.x86_64                                        2.6.32-279.el6                                              @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3     kernel.x86_64                                        2.6.32-358.0.1.el6                                          @updates     kernel.x86_64                                        2.6.32-358.14.1.el6                                         @updates     kernel.x86_64                                        2.6.32-358.23.2.el6                                         @updates      However I don't see the OpenVZ kernel. Now if I do this:               yum remove kernel kernel-firmware     Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security     Setting up Remove Process     Resolving Dependencies     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-279.el6 will be erased     ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-358.0.1.el6 will be erased     ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-358.14.1.el6 will be erased     ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-358.23.2.el6 will be erased     ---> Package vzkernel-firmware.noarch 0:2.6.32-042stab083.2 will be erased     --> Finished Dependency Resolution          Dependencies Resolved          =========================================================================================================================================================      Package                          Arch                  Version                            Repository                                               Size     =========================================================================================================================================================     Removing:      kernel                           x86_64                2.6.32-279.el6                     @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3                114 M      kernel                           x86_64                2.6.32-358.0.1.el6                 @updates                                                116 M      kernel                           x86_64                2.6.32-358.14.1.el6                @updates                                                116 M      kernel                           x86_64                2.6.32-358.23.2.el6                @updates                                                116 M      vzkernel-firmware                noarch                2.6.32-042stab083.2                @openvz-kernel-rhel6                                     19 M          Transaction Summary     =========================================================================================================================================================     Remove        5 Package(s)          Installed size: 480 M     Is this ok [y/N]: n      How do I exclude the openvz kernel?


title: How to fix zramswap error?

text: I installed `zramswap-enabler` on Ubuntu 11.10 using the ppa but when installing programs or running system upgrades I get this error:               Setting up zramswap-enabler (0.2.1-0~12~oneiric1) ...     start: Job failed to start     invoke-rc.d: initscript zramswap, action "start" failed.     dpkg: error processing zramswap-enabler (--configure):      subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1     No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already                                                                   Errors were encountered while processing:      zramswap-enabler     E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)      Please let me know how to fix it.


title: USB memory stick failing to mount - Not Authorized

text: One of my customers uses a machine running CentOS 6.4 with Gnome 2.28.2. Whenever he plugs a USB memory stick or external hard drive into the machine he gets an error pop-up that simply states `Unable to mount <filesystem name>. Not Authorized.`. We've tried devices formatted with FAT and EXT4. The only way I've found to mount these devices is by running palimpsest as root. Even then, the user cannot write to the file system. I suspect this is permissions related. So, my question is how can we restore the default behaviour for standard users where USB devices can be mounted and used normally?


title: Reverse ip lookup

text: I was wondering if it is somehow possible to lookup the ip of a machine I ssh'd into from. This is the scenario, I'm at home, I've VPN'd into a server that I ssh into constantly in the office but now I want to ssh into the machine that I use locally. If that doesn't make sense hopefully this will. In the office I use my desktop a *nix box to ssh into a server. Now that I'm at home I want to ssh into that *nix box through the server but I don't know the IP of that local box, is there a log somewhere that might keep track of that sort of information.


title: How do I enable &>/dev/null by default for all sh/bash commands?

text: Is there a way to make `&>/dev/null` the default behavior in a sh/bash script? I' rather not have to appended this to every command within the console, not an *.sh script. I'm looking to make a global setting...or at least a custom alias of some sort, but one that makes any command and every command, auto-append `&>/dev/null` to the end. Any ideas?


title: Can I convert an existing LVM VG to a stripe (RAID0 eq)?

text: I have an existing LVM volume group of 3 disks (ext4), with 4 logical volumes. Not quite ready for the leap to a nextgen FS, I would like to balance the load on the disks. I have seen you can create VG's with striping (RAID0 equivalent), but I would like to convert the existing one. Can this be done?


title: Does DM-Crypt partition look like random noise?

text: If I format partition with dm-crypt does its entry in partition table suggest somehow that this partition is encrypted or for someone from outside it looks like regular partition with random noise stored on it? My goal is to encrypt partition and to make in undistinquishable from regular partition that was just formatted or erased by `cat /dev/urandom > /dev/sda1`.


title: lightdm fails to start properly on boot (works from terminal)

text: I have elementaryOS and after updated my Kernel to 3.11 I get black screen after boot. If I type `Ctrl + Alt + F1` to go to command prompt and then do `sudo service lightdm restart`, lightdm starts correctly. Why its not starting at first? I had troubles with my X stack and drivers before but if that was the problem, I shouldnt be able to start lightdm even from terminal I guess. **Lightdm.log**               [+0.00s] DEBUG: Starting Light Display Manager 1.2.3, UID=0 PID=3650     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Loading configuration from /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Using D-Bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Registered seat module xlocal     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Registered seat module xremote     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Adding default seat     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Starting seat     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Starting new display for greeter     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Starting local X display     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Using VT 7     [+0.00s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7     [+0.01s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log     [+0.01s] DEBUG: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0     [+0.01s] DEBUG: Launching X Server     [+0.01s] DEBUG: Launching process 3659: /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch     [+0.01s] DEBUG: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0     [+0.01s] DEBUG: Acquired bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager     [+0.01s] DEBUG: Registering seat with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0     [+1.01s] DEBUG: Got signal 10 from process 3659     [+1.01s] DEBUG: Got signal from X server :0     [+1.01s] DEBUG: Connecting to XServer :0     [+1.01s] DEBUG: Starting greeter     [+1.01s] DEBUG: Started session 3747 with service 'lightdm', username 'lightdm'     [+1.05s] DEBUG: Session 3747 authentication complete with return value 0: Success     [+1.05s] DEBUG: Greeter authorized     [+1.05s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log     [+1.05s] DEBUG: Session 3747 running command /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-greeter-session /usr/share/xgreeters/pantheon-greeter     [+1.70s] DEBUG: Greeter connected version=1.2.3     [+1.70s] DEBUG: Greeter connected, display is ready     [+1.70s] DEBUG: New display ready, switching to it     [+1.70s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7     [+5.20s] DEBUG: Greeter start authentication for bruno     [+5.20s] DEBUG: Started session 4697 with service 'lightdm', username 'bruno'     [+5.20s] DEBUG: Session 4697 got 1 message(s) from PAM     [+5.20s] DEBUG: Prompt greeter with 1 message(s)     [+5.23s] DEBUG: Continue authentication     [+5.29s] DEBUG: Session 4697 authentication complete with return value 0: Success     [+5.29s] DEBUG: Authenticate result for user bruno: Success     [+5.34s] DEBUG: User bruno authorized     [+5.36s] DEBUG: Greeter requests session pantheon     [+5.36s] DEBUG: Using session pantheon     [+5.36s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter     [+5.36s] DEBUG: Session 3747: Sending SIGTERM     [+5.41s] DEBUG: Session 3747 exited with return value 0     [+5.41s] DEBUG: Greeter quit     [+5.43s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000     [+5.43s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges     [+5.45s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000     [+5.46s] DEBUG: Writing /home/bruno/.dmrc     [+5.49s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges     [+5.54s] DEBUG: Starting session pantheon as user bruno     [+5.54s] DEBUG: Session 4697 running command /usr/sbin/lightdm-session gnome-session --session=pantheon     [+5.57s] DEBUG: Registering session with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0     [+5.57s] DEBUG: Greeter closed communication channel      **boot.log**                * Starting RPC portmapper replacement                                        [ OK ]      * Starting Start this job to wait until rpcbind is started or fails to start [ OK ]      * Stopping Start this job to wait until rpcbind is started or fails to start [ OK ]      * Starting mDNS/DNS-SD daemon                                                [ OK ]      * Stopping rpcsec_gss daemon                                                 [ OK ]      * Starting NSM status monitor                                                [ OK ]      * Starting configure network device                                          [ OK ]      * Stopping Failsafe Boot Delay                                               [ OK ]      * Starting System V initialisation compatibility                             [ OK ]      * Starting modem connection manager                                          [ OK ]      * Starting configure network device security                                 [ OK ]     Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.bin.firefox     Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.sbin.rsyslogd      * Starting AppArmor profiles                                                 [ OK ]      * Starting CUPS printing spooler/server                                      [ OK ]      * Stopping System V initialisation compatibility                             [ OK ]      * Starting network connection manager                                        [ OK ]      * Starting System V runlevel compatibility                                   [ OK ]      * Starting save kernel messages                                              [ OK ]      * Starting anac(h)ronistic cron                                              [ OK ]      * Starting regular background program processing daemon                      [ OK ]      * Starting deferred execution scheduler                                      [ OK ]      * Starting ACPI daemon                                                       [ OK ]      * Starting CPU interrupts balancing daemon                                   [ OK ]      * Stopping anac(h)ronistic cron                                              [ OK ]      * Starting LightDM Display Manager                                           [ OK ]      * Stopping Send an event to indicate plymouth is up                          [ OK ]      * Starting configure network device security                                 [ OK ]      * Starting configure network device                                          [ OK ]      * Starting KVM                                                               [ OK ]      * Stopping save kernel messages                                              [ OK ]


title: Search and Filter Text on large log files

text: I use the tail, head and grep commands to search log files. Most of the time the combination of these 3 commands, in addition to using pipe, gets the job done. However, I have this one log that many devices report to literally every few seconds. So this log is very large. But the pattern of the reporting is the same:               Oct 10 11:58:50 Received Packet from [xxx.xx.xxx.xx:xxxx]: 0xD 0xD 0xD      Oct 10 11:58:50 Unit ID: 1111      In the above example, it shows that UDP packet was sent to the socket server for a specific unit id. Now sometimes I want to view the packet information for this unit within a specific time range by quering the log.               Oct 10 11:58:50 Received Packet from [xxx.xx.xxx.xx:xxxx]: 0xD 0xD 0xD      Oct 10 11:58:50 Unit ID: 1111          ... // A bunch of other units reporting including unit id 1111          Oct 10 23:58:50 Received Packet from [xxx.xx.xxx.xx:xxxx]: 0x28 0x28 0x28      Oct 10 23:58:50 Unit ID: 1111      So in the example above, I would like to display log output only for Unit ID: 1111 within the time range of 11:58 and 23:58. So the possible results can look like this:               Oct 10 11:58:50 Received Packet from [xxx.xx.xxx.xx:xxxx]: 0xD 0xD 0xD      Oct 10 11:58:50 Unit ID: 1111          Oct 10 12:55:11 Received Packet from [xxx.xx.xxx.xx:xxxx]: 0x28 0xD 0x28      Oct 10 12:55:11 Unit ID: 1111          Oct 10 15:33:50 Received Packet from [xxx.xx.xxx.xx:xxxx]: 0x33 0xD 0x11      Oct 10 15:33:50 Unit ID: 1111          Oct 10 23:58:50 Received Packet from [xxx.xx.xxx.xx:xxxx]: 0x28 0x28 0x28      Oct 10 23:58:50 Unit ID: 1111      Notice the results only display Unit ID: 1111 information and not the other units. Now the problem with using something like this:               tail -n 10000 | grep -B20 -A20 "Oct 10 23:58:50 Unit ID: 1111"       is that will display a lot of stuff, not just the stuff that I need.


title: How to send emaile notification from svn to bugzill?

text: I get svn email notification for my mail id, The same mail. How to get email notification in bugzilla.


title: Does cron know that the instance to be scheduled is already running?

text: I was wondering if we add a job in the crontab e.g. to run every 5 mins and the job does not actually manage to finish in 5 mins, does the cron daemon know that the previous instance is already running and skips the next run? Or do I have to somehow build that logic to the process? How?


title: Linux to linux USB storage?

text: I was going to put together a small AoE setup for a small cluster, however 10Gb NICs are still rather expensive. Using superfast USB seems to provide the bandwidth I'm looking for at a much lower cost. I presume this would require a host-to-host adapter? In terms of software, while I suppose I cold use AoE (on top of an ethernet emulation layer) or iSCSI (on top of TCP/IP? ppp?). But is there a more direct way to implement a storage target on USB connected Linux? (please note, I want to use a Linux system AS a USB connected storage device - not connect a USB storage device to Linux, nor implement a NAS server)


title: How to handle DHCP on two network interfaces, one clobbers the other's /etc/resolv.conf

text: I have an embedded Debian Linux system. It has two network interfaces, eth0 and ppp0 via a cell modem. The problem I have is that when the system boots up it gets an address via DHCP on eth0. If the modem connects that then also gets it's own IP address and clobbers the contents of /etc/resolv.conf. In my application I need eth0 to be the default route if eth0 is alive. If I make eth0 the default route, DNS no longer works as the nameservers from the modem DHCP request are not reachable. Curiously if I then run "dhclient eth0" after all this is running, it does the right thing and adds it's nameservers to the existing file, rather than clobbering it. Is there any good and standard way of handling this dual DHCP network situation?


title: How to type from the source directory on mac

text: In the website http://gfs.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Mac_OSX_Installation               In this line:          type from the source directory ...      What is `source directory` referring to ?


title: Fedora 20, startup script with network settings work correctly but without real effect

text: First, I love Fedora 20. :) I'm newcomers from Debian/Ubuntu/Suse, but I real like this clean distro. But I found some problems, and can't move forward with this little things. I have 2 PC in home network, both under Fedora (Gnome and LXDE edition). On "main" PC, who's role is gate to external network, I need run command for sync MTU between interfaces/networks:               iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu      I can't found modern replace for this old-school command. All other commands for network like masquerading and change active zone I save by               firewall-cmd bla-bla-bla --permanent      So, one command who's must run at startup system is above "iptables ..". Ok. For this I create new file:               $ cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/setup-mtu.service     [Unit]     Description=Настройка MTU на шлюзе для нормальной работы инета в домашней сети          [Service]     Type=forking     ExecStart=/usr/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu     KillMode=process          [Install]     WantedBy=multi-user.target      Enable this service. And have good status after reboot:               $ sudo systemctl status setup-mtu.service     setup-mtu.service - Настройка MTU на шлюзе для нормальной работы инета в домашней сети        Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/setup-mtu.service; enabled)        Active: inactive (dead) since Пн 2014-01-27 16:18:06 MSK; 7h ago       Process: 22933 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)          янв 27 16:18:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Настройка MTU на шлюзе д...и.     Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.      But in real, I need manual run this command every time after reboot PC. The same problem was happens with other network commands. So I passed this problem with firewall-cmd ... --permanent command. Until MTU sync. :(( I need your help! Why network setting don't real apply at startup scripts with service?


title: Dual network connection

text: I have a usb cellular modem and a Home LAN connection on my Ubuntu 10.10 box. Both work independently. I want to know how to have both connected at the same time, and be able to specify which application uses which device to connect to the internet. Does anyone know how to do this?


title: Open url and fill form automatically

text: I'd like to create a script to open an url and fill some forms. I don't want to save the form data on the browser, so I think that this script would be a good solution for me. Any help? I know how to open the url, just calling `firefox url` on terminal. Thanks.


title: Can't use mouse properly when running vim in tmux

text: I'm running VIM in tmux, When I'm try to select a range of texts in VIM, the mouse kept resetting its position, thus I can only select one line (the last line where mouse occurs). Does anyone know how to solve this?


title: KWin Present Window effect rendered window preview pretty dark

text: I don't know why, but the window previews are pretty dark, I want it "lighter", possible? Seems there's no such option in systemsettings -> Desktop Effects ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/U88DR.jpg)


title: Can't find automoc4 on Arch Linux

text: I was trying to build dekorator, but               CMake Error at /usr/share/apps/cmake/modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:198 (MESSAGE):       Did not find automoc4 (Automoc4Config.cmake, install       git://anongit.kde.org/automoc).  (missing: AUTOMOC4_EXECUTABLE)     Call Stack (most recent call first):       /usr/share/apps/cmake/modules/FindAutomoc4.cmake:49 (find_package_handle_standard_args)       /usr/share/apps/cmake/modules/FindKDE4Internal.cmake:423 (find_package)       /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindKDE4.cmake:95 (FIND_PACKAGE)       CMakeLists.txt:4 (find_package)      But automoc4 was installed already. Any thoughts?


title: Lenovo ThinkPad s440 network

text: Does anybody know how to configure wifi on Lenovo ThinkPad s440 on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS? I can't configure it even with LAN. But anyway, wifi is the first thing I need. I can't find any driver for linux. As I see it from (official specs link) Ubuntu uses `Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller` to establish network. Can anybody suggest a solution? A driver, a way to configure wifi or anything?.. lspci:               00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Device 0a04 (rev 09)     00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 0a16 (rev 09)     00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 0a0c (rev 09)     00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 9c31 (rev 04)     00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Device 9c3a (rev 04)     00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 9c20 (rev 04)     00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9c10 (rev e4)     00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9c12 (rev e4)     00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9c14 (rev e4)     00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9c16 (rev e4)     00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9c18 (rev e4)     00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 9c26 (rev 04)     00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9c43 (rev 04)     00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Device 9c03 (rev 04)     00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Device 9c22 (rev 04)     03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 10)     04:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 08b2 (rev 73)     05:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 5227 (rev 01)     06:00.0 Display controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Device 6660


title: Can the Operating System access a particular filesystem after it has been unmounted?

text: I have mounted a filesystem at a particular directory and I replace a file present in the filesystem.I now unmount the filesystem. Is there any possibility of Operating system accessing the replaced file present in the filesystem?


title: check md5sum from pipe

text: I am confused how `md5sum --check` is supposed to work:               $ man md5sum     -c, --check         read MD5 sums from the FILEs and check them      I have a file, I can pipe it to `md5sum`:               $ cat file | md5sum     44693b9ef883e231cd9f90f737acd58f  -      When I want to check the integrity of the file tomorrow, how can I check if the md5sum is still `44693b9ef883e231cd9f90f737acd58f`? ### Note `cat file` might be a stream. So I want to use the pipe as in my example, not `md5sum file`.


title: Round/truncate digit in string in zsh (or with external tool)

text: I'm trying to do an interface to `bc` so it can be used intuitively and without the annoyance of getting "stuck" in it. I haven't got around to test it that much, because I got stuck on another detail, namely how to present the result (which is, I think, a string). Rounding or truncating does not matter, either one is fine. Take a look below, and you'll understand immediately. I use zsh but an external tool will be just fine as I won't use this in any time or otherwise critical context, it's just a desktop tool.               calc () {         result=`bc <<EOF         scale=3;         $@         EOF`         echo ${result//%0/} # doesn't work; will only remove one zero                             # also, if there are only zeroes, should                             # remove dot as well - what about .333, etc.?     }      **Edit** I'm very impressed by the below solution, especially how the `noglob` gets away with the quotes! But, the use of a dot to force floating point calculation is something I'll never remember (you don't use a normal calculator like that). And it is even a bit risky, especially for calculations when it's not obvious that floating point would yield an altogether different result (most likely the one you wanted). Also, the calculations below show some un-pretty output (the too long real, and the trailing dot). Perhaps I should combine this (some of it) with the output formatting of @Gille's answer below? When I get it to work perfectly, I'll post the result here. ( **Edit:** The accepted answer works great. Be sure to read the comments to that answer, as well.)               calc () {       echo $(($*));     }     alias calc='noglob calc'          calc 1./3     0.33333333333333331     calc 7.5 - 2.5     5.


title: Tmux not sourcing my .tmux.conf

text: I installed tmux locally (without root priviledges). I also created my `.tmux.conf` file in my home directory with the following lines:               unbind-key C-b     set -g prefix C-o     bind-key C-o send-prefix      However, `tmux` does not seem to be sourcing this file (my bind key is still `C-b`). I have tried closing and re-opening my ssh session (this is on a remote machine) with no success. What could be hapenning?


title: Navigating through the directory stack in zsh from the command line

text: In zsh, is there a way to navigate through the **history of directories** that I have visited (those listed in dirs) **when I am typing a command in the command line**? For example, say that I start typing `cp -r` in the terminal, I would like to then use `M-n` or `M-p` until I find a directory, from the list of directories that I have visited, that I want to follow `cp -r` in the command that I am typing. Eventually I would find `/some/path/` for the `cp` source directory, and then type `<SPC>` and repeat the process to find `/some/other/path` for the `destination directory` for my `cp` command. In case it helps, the code below helps me navigate my **command history** from the command line using `C-n` and `C-p`, which allows me to autocomplete my command with other commands that I previously typed.               up-line-or-history-beginning-search () {       if [[ -n $PREBUFFER ]]; then         zle up-line-or-history       else         zle history-beginning-search-backward       fi     }     down-line-or-history-beginning-search () {       if [[ -n $PREBUFFER ]]; then         zle down-line-or-history       else         zle history-beginning-search-forward       fi     }          zle -N up-line-or-history-beginning-search     zle -N down-line-or-history-beginning-search          bindkey '^P' up-line-or-history-beginning-search     bindkey '^N' down-line-or-history-beginning-search


title: rsyslog.conf only partly honored

text: I followed this description on how to enable audit for Samba (entry of Aug 10, 2009) and wanted to get all additionally enabled logging in a special log file (`/var/log/samba/log.audit`). The mentioned line `local7.* /var/log/samba/log.audit` I placed at the end of my existing `/etc/rsyslog.conf` file. It seemed a bit out of place there, but after restarting everything, the mentioned file was created, presumably by the syslog daemon, so I assumed this was working. But it stayed at a size of 0 bytes. After creation of the file, nothing was logged there. It took me some time but then I found that all logging was done into the default syslog file (`/var/log/syslog`). I guess the config line in `/etc/rsyslog.conf` is correct, but somehow the way it was supposed to be addressed in the `/etc/samba/smb.conf` is not working. I repeat in short what the blog above suggested to do: Add the lines               vfs objects = full_audit          full_audit:prefix = %u|%I|%m|%S     full_audit:success = mkdir rename unlink rmdir pwrite     full_audit:failure = none     full_audit:facility = local7     full_audit:priority = NOTICE      to the existing `smb.conf` and add the line               local7.*                        /var/log/samba/log.audit      to the `syslog.conf` (I took my existing `/etc/rsyslog.conf` for this). Can anybody tell me how to fix this so that the logging is done into the intended file `/var/log/samba/log.audit`?


title: How to time grep commands accurately?

text: I want to compare the speed of these two commands:               grep pattern1 files*      grep pattern2 files*       Unfortunately, the first grep reads much of files* into memory buffers, so the second grep runs very quickly, but for the wrong reason. How do I tell Linux (Fedora 11): "please stop caching disk reads because I'm testing something."


title: grep multiple strings, count lines, echo output for each string

text: I have a directory of files that is structured like this:               data/directory1/file1.xml     data/directory2/file2.xml     data/directory3/file3.xml     ...      There are thousands of sub directories within data/, each with one xml file. I would like to recursively scan data/ and look for three patterns, then echo the count of the pattern match (ideally) with a label before each. So, for my output, I'd like to see               Pattern 1 = 20     Pattern 2 = 100     Pattern 3 = 432      I've been able to use this to run these one at a time using:               grep -E -r 'Pattern 1' data/ | wc -l     grep -E -r 'Pattern 2' data/ | wc -l     grep -E -r 'Pattern 3' data/ | wc -l       Now I'm trying to put this all into a shell script with one argument, which would be parent directory of data/. Then output the count to each pattern to either standard output or count.txt. Your help is appreciated!


title: Color PS1 based on previous command output

text: I have my current PS1 as follows. The `$?` output is really useful (second line).               export PS1="\     ${PSOn_Blue}${PSBWhite}\t\     ${PSColor_Off} \$?\     ${PSColor_Off}${PSBGreen} \u\     ${PSColor_Off}${PSWhite}@\     ${PSColor_Off}${hostcolor}\h\     ${PSColor_Off}:\     ${PSBGreen}\w\     ${PSColor_Off}\$\      "      It would be even nicer if the return code ($?) would be red on non-zero output. How can I achieve this?


title: network interface does not become active although onboot enabled

text: Due to some other conflicts, I disabled/stopped NetworkManager in Fedora 15, Now, for network configuration I used system-config-network-gui to config & enable Ethernet interface, Problem is, when system starts, the Ethernet does not become enabled. Although in configuration through system-config-network, I specifically checked "Activate device when computer starts" "Allow all users to enable and disable the device", and cleared "Controlled by NetworkManager" I double checked the config file "/etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg- eth0" to see if the configurations are saved correctly and onboot is enabled. And they look OK. so, Why still it does not become enabled automatically on boot?               # Atheros Communications AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit or Fast Ethernet     DEVICE=eth0     ONBOOT=yes     BOOTPROTO=none     TYPE=Ethernet     IPV6INIT=no     USERCTL=yes     DEFROUTE=yes     IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes     NAME="System eth0"     UUID=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX     DNS2=4.2.2.4     DNS1=8.8.8.8     IPADDR0=192.168.0.200     PREFIX0=24     GATEWAY0=192.168.0.1     DNS3=192.9.9.3     HWADDR=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX     IPADDR=192.168.0.200     NETMASK=255.255.255.0     GATEWAY=192.168.0.1     NM_CONTROLLED=no     PREFIX=24


title: How to restore the user postgres?

text: In the second answer in this thread is a warning about changing the UNIX password for "postgres".   I have already changed the password for "postgres".   How could I restore the initially state of the user "postgres"?


title: How to find creation date of file?

text: I want to find out the creation date of particular file, not modification date or access date. I have tried with `ls -ltrh` and `stat filename`.


title: dd command lost partition

text: When I used to image my USB, I used the `dd` command and saved that image to my Hard Disk my USB = sdb1 (4 GB) My partation = sda5 (775 GB free space)               dd if=/dev/sdb1 of=/dev/sda5      operation completed. my USB 4 GB take my 775 GB. :( I lost my 775 GB. How to restore and how to make? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/y3otS.png)


title: how to install gcc4.8 in netbsd 6.1.3?

text: I did a "make install" for lang/gcc48 in pkgsrc. It did built ok. However, when I do gcc --versions, the default gcc 4.5.3 is displayed. What steps do I need to do after the build?


title: How to sort vertically and horizontally?

text: Before (INPUT.txt):                   Foo#1   Foo#2   Foo#3   Foo#4   Foo#4   Foo#5   SUM     Bar#1   0   0   0   0   3   0   3     Bar#2   2   0   1   0   0   0   3     Bar#3   0   0   0   2   2   0   4     Bar#4   0   0   1   1   2   0   4     Bar#5   1   0   1   0   0   0   2     Bar#6   3   20  0   0   1   0   24     Bar#7   1   0   2   0   0   0   3     SUM 7   20  5   3   8   0   43      After (OUTPUT.txt):                   Foo#2   Foo#4   Foo#1   Foo#3   Foo#4   Foo#5   SUM     Bar#6   20  1   3   0   0   0   24     Bar#3   0   2   0   0   2   0   4     Bar#4   0   2   0   1   1   0   4     Bar#1   0   3   0   0   0   0   3     Bar#2   0   0   2   1   0   0   3     Bar#7   0   0   1   2   0   0   3     Bar#5   0   0   1   1   0   0   2     SUM 20  8   7   5   3   0   43      **Tricky question:** How to sort vertically and horizontally by the SUM column and row in bash or perl? Screenshots: Before: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/VGZ7q.png) After: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/yrhUH.png)


title: Delete rows in a csv file based on a specific column value

text: I have a csv file with the following headers - Interaction_ID, PDB_ID, First_Residue, First_Chain, Second_Residue, Third_Residue, Third_Chain & Pattern:               AM_AUTO_1,1cx0,A166,B,C118,B,G129,B,A-minor Type I ACG                                 AM_AUTO_2,1cx0,A165,B,C119,B,G128,B,A-minor Type II ACG                                AM_AUTO_3,1cx0,A166,B,C119,B,G128,B,A-minor Type II ACG                                AM_AUTO_4,1ddy,A25,A,C21,A,G8,A,A-minor Type I ACG                                 AM_AUTO_5,1e7k,A33,C,C28,C,G45,C,A-minor Type 0 AGC                                 AM_AUTO_6,1e7k,A33,D,C28,D,G45,D,A-minor Type 0 AAU      What I would like to do is delete rows in the csv file where Pattern = %Type 0% and then print the resulting csv file. The result should be like this:               AM_AUTO_1,1cx0,A166,B,C118,B,G129,B,A-minor Type I ACG                                 AM_AUTO_2,1cx0,A165,B,C119,B,G128,B,A-minor Type II ACG                                AM_AUTO_3,1cx0,A166,B,C119,B,G128,B,A-minor Type II ACG                                AM_AUTO_4,1ddy,A25,A,C21,A,G8,A,A-minor Type I ACG        How I can do this using awk?


title: Configure firewalld for OpenVPN (server-bridge) in Fedora 20

text: I've installed an OpenVPN server on Fedora 20 (server-bridge), but I cannot get it to work. I'm almost sure that It's a firewall issue. I'm trying to connect from an OSX client, but I can connect (just connect to VPN server, without access to anything) before the bridge is configured in server, however once I configure the bridge interface (using this script), then I cannot connect anymore. I've configured it as server-bridge, following these HOW-TOs from Fedora and OpenVPN Ethernet-Bridge. The firewall config is explained using iptables:               iptables -A INPUT -i tap0 -j ACCEPT     iptables -A INPUT -i br0 -j ACCEPT     iptables -A FORWARD -i br0 -j ACCEPT      However, in Fedora 20, by default, It's installed firewalld, so, Can anyone tell me the equivalent commands using `firewall-cmd` ? I read the firewalld guide, but It's not clear to me how to achieve it (I'm a developer, no SysAdmin). I know that I can install iptables, but I want it to work with firewalld.


title: Lots of free memory, but Java won't start (SunOS 5.10)

text: _vmstat_ gives:               swap        free     37489684    110178592      Still I have issues, while trying to run _Java_ process with 10g heap:               > java -Xmx10g -Xms10g -d64 HelloWorldApp          Error occurred during initialization of VM     Could not reserve enough space for object heap      Why it happens and how to remediate the issue? **Update.** Output of _ulimit -a_ :               core file size          (blocks, -c) unlimited     data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited     file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited     open files                      (-n) 256     pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 10     stack size              (kbytes, -s) 10240     cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited     max user processes              (-u) 25525     virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited


title: How to test swap partition

text: I'm trying to diagnose some random segfaults on a headless server and one thing that seems curious is that they only seem to happen under memory pressure and my swap size will not go above 0. How can I force my machine to swap to make sure that it is working properly?               orca ~ # free                  total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached     Mem:       1551140    1472392      78748          0     333920    1046368     -/+ buffers/cache:      92104    1459036     Swap:      1060280          0    1060280          orca ~ # swapon -s     Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority     /dev/sdb2                               partition       1060280 0       -1


title: Resources for very low-level (board bring-up)

text: I've worked with a few embedded systems, but now I'd like to make my own piece of hardware and despite a pretty thorough knowledge of Linux, I have no idea how to get Linux up and running on new hardware. So I'm looking for resources on how to do some board bringup/support. _Some more details:_ I'm wondering about the following kinds of things: How does Linux know the processor configuration - e.g. how the pins are configured, how much cache is there, is there an MMU present. How does Linux know about the board layout - e.g. which pins are the memory bus, where is the row select, column select, which pins are an i2c bus, and so on.


title: How can I run a daemon with custom parameters

text: I am wondering how I can run a daemon, in this case NTP, with custom parameters. For example in my Ubuntu PC I observe that I've got `ntpd` running this way:               $ ps aux | grep ntpd     ntp  5936  ...  0:00 /usr/sbin/ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g -u 119:127      You may notice that `-g` parameter. But in my Gentoo PC I run the same command and I can observe that the ntp daemon is not running with that `-g` parameter and I want to add it! Is this a distribution specific issue? How can I handle this?


title: Adding custom DNS server for pppd client connection?

text: I'm trying to setup dnsmasq to accelerate DNS resolving , but since i use a PPPoE connection , there're both dns server provided by ISP , and the 127.0.0.1. So how can i place the local dns server as the first line in /etc/resolv.conf automatically ? And please don't let me use a static dns server configuration .. Thanks !


title: What are the key differences between $ENV_VAR and `env_var`?

text: It's a quite simple asked question I think: What are the key differences between using environment variables just like $HOSTNAME and `hostname`. Where is which appropriate, why are there two possibillities to represent them?


title: FreeBSD kernel nat or natd?

text: As I notice more often with FreeBSD, there are always plenty of ways that lead to some specific goal. After figuring out which firewall I wanted (I choose ipfw) I now am completely insecure about which way to do Network Address Translation (NAT). As I have discovered now, there are two ways to to NAT, I could use the kernel space `ipfw nat` or I could use the userspace `natd`. The only one of these described in the FreeBSD handbook is `natd`. What I would like to know is what the main differences are between these? Which one is more popular. Off course I would also like to be able to fish, so how I can find out these differences in the manuals/handbooks?