title: How can I make https://code.google.com/p/bluez-tools/ without reference errors in Linux Mint 15?

text: I'm trying to make https://code.google.com/p/bluez-tools/. Configure seems to have found the headers. I have obexd-client package installed and BlueZ 4.101. This is my first experiment at compiling a Linux C application. Why won't it compile?               obexclient_session.c:(.text+0x202): undefined reference to `g_free'     obexclient_session.c:(.text+0x20e): undefined reference to `g_object_unref'     obexclient_session.c:(.text+0x21b): undefined reference to `g_free'     obexclient_session.c:(.text+0x228): undefined reference to `g_object_unref'     obexclient_session.c:(.text+0x239): undefined reference to `g_type_check_class_cast'


title: Can I get infected in this case if I run a live cd?

text: I recently got rid of a nasty trojan on Windows and want to migrate to Linux(Ubuntu). I want to run a Live CD so that I can format an SD card to put my brand new firmware on my router and format the HDD so I can install Ubuntu. In this case, is it possible to get my system infected or to infect the SD card? I mention the fact that my Windows 7 is a genuine license and also my nod32 but I do not trust the fact that my virus is gone.


title: Confusion regarding the term 'mount' in Linux

text: I am reading the man page of mount and clone. I understand that mount is used to add a directory hierarchy to a mount point (a directory). In clone's man page, under the CLONE_NEWNS section, they refer to mounts as the file hierarchy as seen by a process. My question is that, is the term 'mount' being used to refer to the individual directories in the directory hierarchy seen by a process, and 'mount points' used to refer to the directories where file systems can be mounted ?


title: Portability of file descriptor links

text: I've always wondered this but never took the time to find out, so I'll do so now - how portable is the usage shown here of either `/proc/$$/fd/$N` or `/dev/fd/$N`? I understand POSIX guarantees `/dev/null, /dev/tty, and /dev/console` _(though I only found that out the other day after reading the comments onthis answer)_ but what about these others? As far as I can tell they're pretty common, but in what systems can I _not_ expect to find them? Why not? Is it more likely to find one than the other? Will they always exhibit like attributes? I tend to use these devices pretty extensively in all manner of ways, and I'd like to know if there's a chance I'd come up short just trying. Also the above questions should be understood to be only what I _think_ I'd like to know, but, since I obviously have to ask in the first place, I may not know best in this regard and they should not be considered stringent requirements for an answer. Just clue me in if you can, please.


title: Use hardware button for onscreen keyboard

text: I have installed Linux Mint on a tablet computer. This computer runs the same as a PC, but it does not have a built-in keyboard. I want to use the hardware button to load the onscreen keyboard. How do I do that?


title: Linux PID namespaces

text: I have a question about number of PIDs a process has in context of Linux PID namespaces. Suppose: (NS = namespace) P1 (PID NS1) -> clone -> P2 (PID NS2) -> clone -> P3 (PID NS3) How many PIDs does P3 have ? I think the following, but I'm not sure if its correct :   * one for NS3   * one for host   * one for NS2   * one for NS1 Thanks.


title: Ctrl+C kills PuTTY

text: I am trying to help a co-worker, where upon logging onto our RHEL server via PuTTY, if they hit `Ctrl`+`C` (or type `exit`), it kills the session. I checked their default login shell is KSH, same as mine. I've done some reading, https://groups.google.com/d/topic/...ssh/difmwuOhbsk and am trying to deduce if their ksh is not spawning correctly (so when ksh is finished, the session is finished also, and PuTTY exits). Not sure how to proceed from here... as far as I can tell the last three entries from today looks good(?) **Question:** Am I supposed to look for a profile setting on RHEL or PuTTY? and what is it?               UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD     a_user_name   18050     1  0 Apr04 ?        00:00:00 -ksh     a_user_name   18311 18050  0 Apr04 ?        00:00:10 find / -name foo*     a_user_name   18335     1  0 Apr04 ?        00:00:00 -ksh     a_user_name   18428 18335  0 Apr04 ?        00:00:09 find / -name fooX*     a_user_name   18555     1  0 Apr04 ?        00:00:00 -ksh     a_user_name   18685 18555  0 Apr04 ?        00:00:09 find / -name foo*     a_user_name   23930 23923  0 08:41 ?        00:00:00 sshd: a_user_name@pts/1     a_user_name   23931 23930  0 08:41 pts/1    00:00:00 -ksh     a_user_name   28503 23931  0 10:19 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -fu a_user_name


title: Make Ubuntu acknowledge that a custom built version of PHP is installed

text: I'm trying to install PHP from source code on my Ubuntu 12.04 VPS. I'm installing PHP like this:   1. Download the latest version from the php.net website.   2. Configure it using the parameters below.   3. Install any dependencies when necessary. (libxxxxx-dev)   4. Then do a make   5. Then a make install   6. Move the php.ini file and the fpm configuration files in the right place I'm using these parameters in the configure command:               --enable-intl     --with-openssl     --without-pear     --with-gd     --with-jpeg-dir=/usr     --with-png-dir=/usr     --with-freetype-dir=/usr     --with-freetype     --enable-exif     --enable-zip     --with-zlib     --with-zlib-dir=/usr     --with-mcrypt=/usr     --with-pdo-sqlite     --enable-soap     --enable-xmlreader     --with-xsl     --enable-ftp     --with-curl=/usr     --with-tidy     --with-xmlrpc     --enable-sysvsem     --enable-sysvshm     --enable-shmop     --with-mysql=mysqlnd     --with-mysqli=mysqlnd     --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd     --enable-pcntl     --with-readline     --enable-mbstring     --with-curl     --with-pgsql     --with-pdo-pgsql     --with-gettext     --enable-sockets     --with-bz2     --enable-bcmath     --enable-calendar     --with-libdir=lib     --enable-maintainer-zts     --with-gmp     --enable-fpm      Now, this goes all well and good. The version works as expected and during the installation I had no trouble. Now the fun stuff comes. Whenever I want to install something like `mcrypt` (for example) I would normally type `apt-get install php5-mcrypt` but when I do, and take a look at the dependencies I see that PHP5 is still listed as one and will be installed once I hit `y` (overwriting my own version). Now the real core of my question is, how do I let Ubuntu know that I already have PHP5 installed so that it does not attempt to install PHP5 as a dependency anymore. Do I have to change something in the configure process? Do I have to install PHP5 using the `apt-get` manner first, remove it manually, and install my own version of PHP after. It is worth mentioning that I need this custom PHP build to make Pthreads work since there isn't a repo that offers a ZTS version of PHP (yet, please make one, somebody?).


title: Making sure a command has executed in bash

text: I have a bash file with commands to merge pcap files. I want to know if there is anyway to make sure a line in bash runs or not. Like in windows bat file we have %ErrorLevel% ¨ Say a command               touch -r dcn_file "${dir_dcn}"/"${TAG1_dcn}".pcap       How do I make sure this was run?


title: Stat command detail information

text: I am running command `stat -c%y filename` on linux system. Output:               2014-03-08 13:26:29.335545828 -0800      I am not able to understand the last -0800 thing. Anyone have any idea?


title: Linux PPTX presentation Viewer

text: Besides Open Office, is there any solution for opening `.pptx` presentations on Linux (Debian to be more precise)?


title: Restore formated Partition Table on LVM Physical

text: I have a machine (guest VM running CentOS 6.5) with 2 disks. Main OS on `sda` and then a 2TB LVM on the second `sdc`. I added 2 more 2TB disks to the machine and was going through the process of formatting then using `fdisk` to add to the LVM, but I fdisk'd the wrong disk, `sdc`. Two new disks came up as `sdb` and `sdd`. Like an idiot i didn't check `fdisk -l` properly before continuing. I created a new primary partition on 1, and then over-wrote the system id again to 8e (LVM). So `sdc` now has a new UUID and a new partition table. Anyone know how I can recover this using the vgcfgrestore util? Can I just overwrite the new UUID over the old one in the vg1(volume-group-backup-file) and run the restore?


title: Why current directory doesn't change in makefile?

text: I'm trying to run a simple script- clone a git repository into a certain directory, then `cd` to this directory in order to execute an installation script. This script is in a Makefile. But the `cd` seems not to be working. It doesn't find my installation script. I added a pwd after the `cd` in the script, and it shows me the directory from where I'm executing the script, not the directory where I `cd` into. What's the problem?               git clone http://somerepo ~/some_dir     cd ~/some_dir/     pwd     python myscript.py install      => `pwd`: `/hereIsPathToDirectoryFromWhichIRunTheScript` > python: can't open file 'setup.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory It also doesn't work with `./setup.py`. If I enter the absolute path `~/some_dir/setup.py` the script fails later because it's trying to access resources in the same folder.


title: Finding which Debian distro CDs contain a certain package

text: I am currently installing Debian Linux on a computer that does not have Internet access. I have burned the first few CDs from the distro and have a working system so far. However, I am unable to find some of the packages I want to install. How do I determine which CDs contain specific packages (and their dependencies), such as Emacs and haskell-platform? **Clarification:** I don't want to download all 50+ ISO images just to find one or two packages. How do I determine which ISO(s) contains the packages I want and their dependencies? For example, I downloaded the first 5 ISOs. However, I can't find the main Emacs package listed in Synaptic. How do I determine which ISO I need to download for the Emacs package and its dependencies?


title: Script for courier maildir folders on CentOS LAMP environment

text: I'm looking for resources to help me build a script to do monthly maintenance of maildir folders for a typical CentOS LAMP VPS hosting environment. I would like to run a script that runs from a monthly cron job, searches each mail account folder (cur) for mail by year and month, moves the found mails into sub folders by year and month eg:   * mail-account-name/.Archive\ Inbox.2012-08\ Aug/   * mail-account-name/.Archive\ Inbox.2012-09\ Sep/ I have really only found one useful posting here: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-server-73/bash-script-for-old- mail-maintenance-maildir-906764/ but I wondered if there is a more de-facto resource that can help a novice build such a script ?


title: Embedded Linux: Which machine directory to pick in /arch/arm?

text: I am just starting out with embedded Android drivers, so any help would be great. I haven't found a lot of resources online. At the moment, I am working through a tutorial on porting a driver, and the instructions read: > copy the platform data initialization files, “driver_sources/platform.c" and > "driver_sources/platform.h" into “/arch/arm/” How do I know which machine directory I should choose? I am using the APQ8064 DragonBoard. I don't see an APQ8064 to choose, but maybe it is called something else?               boot     common     configs     include     Kconfig     Kconfig.debug     Kconfig-nommu     kernel     lib     mach-at91     mach-bcmring     mach-clps711x     mach-cns3xxx     mach-davinci     mach-dove     mach-ebsa110     mach-ep93xx     mach-exynos     mach-footbridge     mach-gemini     mach-h720x     mach-highbank     mach-imx     mach-integrator     mach-iop13xx     mach-iop32x     mach-iop33x     mach-ixp2000     mach-ixp23xx     mach-ixp4xx     mach-kirkwood     mach-ks8695     mach-l7200     mach-lpc32xx     mach-mmp     mach-msm     mach-mv78xx0     mach-mxs     mach-netx     mach-nomadik     mach-omap1     mach-omap2     mach-orion5x     mach-picoxcell     mach-pnx4008     mach-prima2     mach-pxa     mach-realview     mach-rpc     mach-s3c2410     mach-s3c2412     mach-s3c2440     mach-s3c24xx     mach-s3c64xx     mach-s5p64x0     mach-s5pc100     mach-s5pv210     mach-sa1100     mach-shark     mach-shmobile     mach-spear3xx     mach-spear6xx     mach-tegra     mach-u300     mach-ux500     mach-versatile     mach-vexpress     mach-vt8500     mach-w90x900     mach-zynq     Makefile     mm     net     nwfpe     oprofile     perfmon     plat-iop     plat-mxc     plat-nomadik     plat-omap     plat-orion     plat-pxa     plat-s3c24xx     plat-s5p     plat-samsung     plat-spear     plat-versatile     tools     vfp


title: How to Change Size of Desktop

text: UPDATE: It appears my icons are appearing below my screen. This is part of a screenshot, but I cannot see it on my monitor: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/79aWZm.png) * * * I am running Linux Mint 16 Cinnamon. I changed the size of my panel, and now my desktop icons overflow to underneath the panel. How can I prevent this from happening? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/zZxd1m.png) I want to be able to auto-sort it without it returning to being hidden. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/0WSM9.png)


title: Red Hat/CentOS Cluster HA Web Server Issue "rgmanager[30244]: [script] Executing /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd stop"

text: I'm trying out to deploy a red hat cluster to setup a HA Web Server. I followed the documentation below at page 81 https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en- US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/pdf/Cluster_Administration/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux-5-Cluster_Administration- en-US.pdf When I start to start the service I get the following, BUT both my httpd can start up with no issue. httpd.conf file listen address has been change to my Virtual IP, after i tested that it can start up properly. ![Screenshot when i try to start the service](http://i.stack.imgur.com/FRLtO.jpg) But if i just do a Virtual IP setup i can start it up successful My Web Server Cluster's setup ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/iJfBT.jpg) anyone can enlighten me here?


title: Do I compile Ubuntu Source code on Red Hat System?

text: If we install the Red Hat System then can we compile the other distros of linux on the Red Hat server system? If so, please provide me the tutorials and links.


title: Sendmail Message Fail

text: On my Redhat Prod Server I installed Sendmail that I will use to send DB Backup completion mails to my email id. When I send a email from My Server A 172.16.233.2 to my email id abc@domain.com. using sendmail -v myemailid@domain.com < /opt/dailydbscriptoutput.txt               myemailid@domain.com... Connecting to [127.0.0.1] via relay...     220 db.erp.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.13.8/8.13.8; Thu, 7 Aug 2014 13:37:17 +0300     >>> EHLO pmmcdb.erp.com     250-db.erp.com Hello localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you     250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES     250-PIPELINING     250-8BITMIME     250-SIZE     250-DSN     250-ETRN     250-DELIVERBY     250 HELP     >>> MAIL From:<emerg@db.erp.com> SIZE=59     250 2.1.0 <emerg@db.erp.com>... Sender ok     >>> RCPT To:<myemailid@domain.com>     >>> DATA     250 2.1.5 <myemailid@domain.com>... Recipient ok     354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself     >>> .     250 2.0.0 s77AbH2H025298 Message accepted for delivery     myemailid@domain.com... Sent (s77AbH2H025298 Message accepted for delivery)     Closing connection to [127.0.0.1]     >>> QUIT     221 2.0.0 db.erp.com closing connection      I get the above message. But when I check the Log /var/log/maillog. I See this               Aug  7 12:18:41db sendmail[11808]: s779If28011808: from=emerg, size=59, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201408070918.s779If28011808@db.erp.com>, relay=emerg@localhost     Aug  7 12:18:41 db sendmail[11809]: s779Ifss011809: from=<emerg@db.erp.com>, size=342, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201408070918.s779If28011808@db.erp.com>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA, relay=localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]     Aug  7 12:18:41 db sendmail[11808]: s779If28011808: to=myemailid@domain.com, ctladdr=emerg (503/503), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30059, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (s779Ifss011809 Message accepted for delivery)     Aug  7 12:18:42 db sendmail[11811]: s779Ifss011809: to=<myemailid@domain.com>, ctladdr=<emerg@db.erp.com> (503/503), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=relay, pri=120342, relay=mail1 [10.171.1.10], **dsn=5.6.0, stat=Data format error**      Previously I was facing issue on server related to DNS. **Name server timeout** So I followed this Link Setup Sendmail without DNS to solve the issue and on another Test server it started working and then I applied the same procedure on this Production server and im not able to send messages # After Testing               sendmail -Am -v myemailid@domain.com  < /tmp/email.txt     myemailid@domain.com... Connecting to mail1 via relay...     220 mail1.etradeportal.net ESMTP Sendmail 8.13.1/8.13.1; Thu, 7 Aug 2014 15:18:51 +0300     >>> EHLO db.erp.com     250-mail1.etradeportal.net Hello [172.16.233.2], pleased to meet you     250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES     250-PIPELINING     250-8BITMIME     250-SIZE     250-DSN     250-ETRN     250-AUTH DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5     250-DELIVERBY     250 HELP     >>> MAIL From:<root@db.erp.com> SIZE=108     553 5.1.8 <root@db.erp.com>... Domain of sender address root@db.erp.com does not exist     /root/dead.letter... Saved message in /root/dead.letter     Closing connection to mail1     >>> QUIT     221 2.0.0 mail1.etradeportal.net closing connection


title: I have to calculate values from two files and store the result in another file -- using shell

text: I have to calculate values from two files and store the result in output file. In the output file, each record shows the product of records with the same name in input files. file one               s1 10     s2 20      s3 25      s4 25       s5 25        s6 20      s7 25      s8 25      file two               s2 4     s1 10     s3 2      s4 3      s6 3     s7 2     s8 2       output               s1 100      s2 80      s3 50     s4 75      s6 60      s7 50      s8 50      * * * Note: I have to use a shell.


title: Is memory in user space always low to high

text: I mean that if its true always that first lower addresses are used and then increment the address to access higher address. Can it be in reverse order?


title: Getting 256 colors to work in terminal multiplexer

text: # tmux I followed Getting 256 colors to work in tmux:   * I have `alias tmux='TERM=xterm-256color tmux'` in `~/.bashrc`   * and also `set-option -g default-terminal "screen-256color"` in `~/.tmux.conf` In `konsole`:               $ echo $TERM     xterm      In `tmux`:               $ echo $TERM     screen-256color      Still colors doesn't work in `tmux`:               boris@vasilisa:~$ PROMPT_GREEN=`tput setf 2`     boris@vasilisa:~$ PROMPT_RED=`tput setf 4`     boris@vasilisa:~$ PROMPT_BLACK=`tput setf 8`     boris@vasilisa:~$ PS1='\[$PROMPT_RED\]\w\[$PROMPT_GREEN\]:\[$PROMPT_BLACK\] '      Results in a black-and-white color prompt. Also no color with `ls`. # screen I have `force_color_prompt=yes` in `~/.bashrc`. Still:               boris@vasilisa:~$ PROMPT_GREEN=`tput setf 2`     boris@vasilisa:~$ PROMPT_RED=`tput setf 4`     boris@vasilisa:~$ PROMPT_BLACK=`tput setf 8`     boris@vasilisa:~$ PS1='\[$PROMPT_RED\]\w\[$PROMPT_GREEN\]:\[$PROMPT_BLACK\] '      Doesn't make prompt colorful. But in contrast to `tmux` -- `ls` lists files with color. # So I guess `tput setf` just shouldn't work with terminal multiplexers? # Edit I had to change `setf` to `setaf`, and also change the color codes:               PROMPT_BLACK=`tput setaf 0`     PROMPT_RED=`tput setaf 1`     PROMPT_GREEN=`tput setaf 2`     PS1='\[$PROMPT_RED\]\w\[$PROMPT_GREEN\]:\[$PROMPT_BLACK\] '      I don't need to aliase `tmux`, setting set-option -g default-terminal "screen-256color" in `~/.tmux.conf` is suffice. So I put               # colorful prompt     PROMPT_BLACK=`tput setaf 0`     PROMPT_RED=`tput setaf 1`     PROMPT_GREEN=`tput setaf 2`     PS1='\[$PROMPT_RED\]\w\[$PROMPT_GREEN\]:\[$PROMPT_BLACK\] '          # enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases     if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then         test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"         alias ls='ls --color=auto --group-directories-first'         alias dir='dir --color=auto'         alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'              alias grep='grep --color=auto'         alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'         alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'     fi          # man pages with color!     export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$'\E[01;31m'     export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$'\E[01;31m'     export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$'\E[0m'     export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$'\E[0m'     export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$'\E[01;44;33m'     export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$'\E[0m'     export LESS_TERMCAP_us=$'\E[01;32m'          # enable colors:     force_color_prompt=yes      in both: `~/.bashrc` and `~/.bash_login` and then colors work in `tmux`.


title: script that calls a third party script that calls screen - how to start screen detached?

text: I have a script **'myscript.sh'** , that calls a vendor script **'vendorscript.sh'**. The vendor script runs screen in the foreground. I would like to run the vendor script with screen detached. If possible I would like to do this without hacking the **vendorscript.sh** or **vendor_screenrc**. Is there a way to do this? **myscript.sh:**               # some other commands     ...     source vendorscript.sh      **vendorscript.sh:**               # some other commands     ...     exec screen -c vendor_screenrc


title: Why there are two sequential screen processes?

text: I have one computer running Debian Wheezy(screen version _4.01.00devel_ ) and another one Debian Squeeze(screen version _4.00.03jw4_ ) and under both of them screen automatically starts another process named screen. For example:               init(1)-+-acpid(1926)             |-sshd(2139)---sshd(2375)---bash(2448)---screen(6649)---screen(6650)-+-bash(6651)---pstree(6751)      According to `ps` PID 6649 command is `screen` and PID 6650 command is `SCREEN`:               root@vserver:~# ps -f -p 6650     UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD     root      6650  6649  0 11:26 ?        00:00:00 SCREEN     root@vserver:~#       Why does `screen` behave like this?


title: Unable to use dumpfilter command to filter and dump sub folder of a repository

text: I am using `svnadmin dump E:\Repositories\OR1234 | svndumpfilter include Test > E:\123.dump` to dump a particular sub folder in the repository. I am successful in uploading the dump to the new repository when I filter out a immediate sub folder in a repository, i.e Test. (I am also able to upload the dump of entire repository to a new repository by `svnadmin dump` command.) e.x:               Repo123     -Test     -Test1..      But when I try to use `dumpfilter` command to dump the sub folder of Test, i.e Test1, then it dumps the file. When I use `svnadmin load` command to load the dump of Test1 to new repository, then the size of the new repository increases but nothing can be seen in the repository browser.


title: What causes a csh script to sometimes not source /etc/csh.cshrc?

text: I have a csh post-installation script that is executed from an rpm `%post` with its interpreter line set to `#!/bin/csh` (without the `-f` option). This should cause the file `/etc/csh.cshrc` to be read before executing the rest of the script, according to the man pages for both bsd-csh(1) and tcsh(1). I have certain system-wide environment variable and alias definitions in `/etc/csh.cshrc` that the script depends on to function properly. The expected behavior is that when csh executes the script, it picks up the system-wide definitions first, and the script then runs successfully. This does work, at least initially under certain conditions. The csh script is always called the same way from within the rpm `%post` section. However, depending on how the application rpm install is executed, the script may not pick up the expected variables and error out, so it looks to me like it is probably not sourcing `/etc/csh.cshrc` at all. The install might be done in a root login shell, via sudo, over ssh, from cron, or initiated from some other process. At least one of these introduces some difference that prevents `/etc/csh.cshrc` from being sourced. I don't see anything in the man pages other than the `-f` option that would cause this.


title: Linux routing table entry disappears

text: I run Fedora 20 (3.13.10-200.fc20.i686) inside VirtualBox on a Windows 7 SP1 host. The Ethernet adapter on the guest is configured as a Bridged Adapter in VBox, and gets an IP via DHCP. Here's the routing table on the guest:               Kernel IP routing table     Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface     0.0.0.0         router          255.255.255.255 UGH   1024   0        0 p2p1     default         router          0.0.0.0         UG    1024   0        0 p2p1     192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 p2p1      Every so often (every day, perhaps), the 1st entry in the routing table disappears; as a result, I can make outbound connections to the intranet, but not to the Internet. How do I find out who's modifying the routing table? Are there logs I could look at? [P.S. I asked this on superuser, but got no response, so trying here.]


title: Move completed torrents in rTorrent according to label

text: I've got a seedbox with rTorrent (and ruTorrent) installed, and I'm trying to automate as much as possible... Currently, I've got this in my rtorrent.rc to move completed files to ~/Download:               system.method.set_key = event.download.finished,move_complete,"execute=mv,-u,$d.get_base_path=,~/Download/;d.set_directory=~/Download/"      And then I've got a script that rsyncs those completed files back to my home computer... I've got ruTorrent set to apply labels to torrents, and I'd like to move files according to the labels instead of moving them all to the same folder. I can't find any documentation at all, though. There are lots of examples of configuring rTorrent for 'common tasks', but nothing that I've been able to use to infer how to even check labels, never mind move completed torrents according to the labels...


title: How to detect RAID 0 from Ubuntu Live CD?

text: I have Ubuntu 10.04 installed on a server with RAID 0 configuration. The server has many user accounts and the users have a lot of data in the server. The server has been crashed due to removal of certain packages and now there is kernel panic during startup. How do I now take backup of the data present in RAID 0? Can I use a Ubuntu Live CD? Will it be able to detect the RAID 0? What do I need to do for the detection of RAID 0 from Ubuntu Live CD? I do not want to lose the data. Is there a way to install Ubuntu without losing any data. Is there any other way to take back of all the data present in RAID 0?


title: Chrome, Linux Mint, Low FPS in games

text: I'm running Linux Mint 16 on a desktop computer with Nvidia GeForce GTX 550 Ti (driver 331.20, older driver also has same problems) graphics, and have been using the current stable version of Chrome. After reboots and for some amount of time if I play games such as Team Fortress 2, Minecraft, and other native running games (no Wine) I get good FPS (100-150) and the games run smooth. But at some point my FPS drops to 20 when the games start and drop to around 9 FPS. After closing the game and relaunching same problems, but sometimes I have exited Chrome (and the background processes) and relaunched both Chrome and the game and my FPS goes back to normal. This is not always the case, some times exiting Chrome dose not work and I have to restart to come back to normal FPS. What may cause this? Chrome is one possible cause, but something else is causing problems too.


title: Getting 2 monitors to work in Debian

text: I'm quite new to Debian let alone linux and would like to setup dual screens. I've done multiple searches but there is nothing beginner-friendly for me to grasp exactly what I need to do to get the setup working. I'm picked up a few commands and here's what I have:               xrandr     Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192     DVI-I-1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 476mm x 268mm        1920x1080      60.0*+        1680x1050      60.0          1280x1024      60.0          1440x900       59.9          1280x960       60.0          1152x864       75.0          1024x768       75.1     70.1     60.0          832x624        74.6          800x600        72.2     75.0     60.3     56.2          640x480        72.8     75.0     66.7     60.0          720x400        70.1       DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)      I suspect I should see either one of the following connected since I have the second monitor plugged in correct?                 DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)       DP-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)      I seem to have an NVIDIA graphics card as per the following:               lspci -nn | grep VGA     02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GK107 [Quadro K2000] [10de:0ffe] (rev a1)      Some system information:               No LSB modules are available.     Distributor ID: Debian     Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 7.4 (wheezy)     Release:    7.4     Codename:   wheezy      Can someone give me some guidance on how to set this up for what I need to do next?


title: Maemo: how to get system information/specifications?

text: How can I find the maximum resolution, processor type and RAM capacity of my device in Maemo?


title: How can i "wget" the content of this site

text: If I run:               wget 'http://beforeitsnews.com/stories/in/0000000000000013' -O -      I can't see the news...why? How can i `wget` or `curl` this site, so that i can see the news on it? I can't even browse it with `elinks` :(


title: How to delete line if longer than XY?

text: How can i delete a line if it is longer than e.g.: 2048 chars?


title: Unmet dependencies on apt-get upgrade

text: I got the following problems while trying to upgrade               *david@david-K42F:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade     [sudo] password for david:     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree     Reading state information... Done     You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.     The following packages have unmet dependencies:     libreoffice : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed     libreoffice-base : Depends: libreoffice-base-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed                 Depends: libreoffice-base-drivers (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed                 Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but      1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed     libreoffice-base-drivers : Breaks: libreoffice-base (< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~) but 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1 is installed     libreoffice-core : Breaks: libreoffice-base (< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1) but 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1 is installed     E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.*      then I tried using the `apt-get -f install` and I get the following error               *david@david-K42F:~$ sudo apt-get -f install     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree     Reading state information... Done     Correcting dependencies... Done     The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:     libnumber-compare-perl libnet-ip-perl libnet-dns-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl     libcdr-0.0-0 libfile-find-rule-perl libwps-0.2-2 liborcus-0.6-0 libwpd-0.9-9     libdate-calc-perl libcarp-clan-perl libtext-glob-perl libvisio-0.0-0 libwpg-0.2-2     libmspub-0.0-0 libdigest-hmac-perl libbit-vector-perl     Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.     The following extra packages will be installed:     libreoffice libreoffice-base     Suggested packages:     libreoffice-grammarcheck openclipart-libreoffice pstoedit libreoffice-officebean     libreoffice-gcj libreoffice-report-builder     The following packages will be upgraded:     libreoffice libreoffice-base     2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 76 not upgraded.     3 not fully installed or removed.     Need to get 0 B/1,738 kB of archives.     After this operation, 915 kB of additional disk space will be used.     Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y     WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!     libreoffice-base libreoffice     Install these packages without verification [y/N]? y     dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libreoffice-base:     libreoffice-base depends on libreoffice-base-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1); however:     Version of libreoffice-base-core on system is 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1. libreoffice-base depends on libreoffice-base-drivers (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1);     however: Version of libreoffice-base-drivers on system is 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1. libreoffice-base depends on libreoffice-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1); however: Version of libreoffice-core on system is 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1. libreoffice-core (1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1) breaks libreoffice-base (<< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1) and is installed.     Version of libreoffice-base to be configured is 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1. libreoffice-base-drivers (1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1) breaks libreoffice-base (<< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~) and is installed.     Version of libreoffice-base to be configured is 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1.     dpkg: error processing libreoffice-base (--configure):     dependency problems - leaving unconfigured     dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libreoffice-report-builder-bin: libreoffice-report-builder-bin depends on libreoffice-base; however: Package libreoffice-base is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing libreoffice-report-builder-bin (--configure):     dependency problems - leaving unconfigured     No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.                 No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.                                     dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libreoffice:     libreoffice depends on libreoffice-base; however: Package libreoffice-base is not configured yet.     libreoffice depends on libreoffice-core (= 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu1~precise1); however: Version of libreoffice-core on system is 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1.     libreoffice depends on libreoffice-report-builder-bin; however: Package libreoffice-report-builder-bin is not configured yet.     dpkg: error processing libreoffice (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured     No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.                 Errors were encountered while processing:     libreoffice-base     libreoffice-report-builder-bin     libreoffice     E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) david@david-K42F:~$*      and then I tried this               *david@david-K42F:~$ sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree     Reading state information... Done     You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.     The following packages have unmet dependencies:     libreoffice : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed     libreoffice-base : Depends: libreoffice-base-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed                 Depends: libreoffice-base-drivers (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed                 Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed     libreoffice-base-drivers : Breaks: libreoffice-base (< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~) but 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1 is installed     libreoffice-core : Breaks: libreoffice-base (< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1) but 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1 is installed     E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.     david@david-K42F:~$*      I have no idea what to do.... also I'm not a linux user I moved from Windows to Elementary OS Luna, which is based strongly on Ubuntu 12.04               david@david-K42F:~$ sudo apt-get check     [sudo] password for david:      Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.     The following packages have unmet dependencies:      libreoffice : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed      libreoffice-base : Depends: libreoffice-base-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed                         Depends: libreoffice-base-drivers (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed                         Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1) but 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 is installed      libreoffice-base-drivers : Breaks: libreoffice-base (< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~) but 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1 is installed      libreoffice-core : Breaks: libreoffice-base (< 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1) but 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1 is installed     E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.      * * *               david@david-K42F:~$ sudo dpkg -C     [sudo] password for david:      The following packages have been unpacked but not yet configured.     They must be configured using dpkg --configure or the configure     menu option in dselect for them to work:      libreoffice          office productivity suite (metapackage)      libreoffice-report-builder-bin LibreOffice component for building database rep          The following packages are only half configured, probably due to problems     configuring them the first time.  The configuration should be retried using     dpkg --configure <package> or the configure menu option in dselect:      libreoffice-base     office productivity suite -- database                         david@david-K42F:~$ apt-cache policy libreoffice libreoffice-core libreoffice-base libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-base-drivers     libreoffice:       Installed: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu1~precise1       Candidate: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Version table:          1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 0             500 ****://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages      *** 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu1~precise1 0             100 /var/lib/dpkg/status          1:3.5.7-0ubuntu6.1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 0             500 ****://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.2-2ubuntu1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages     libreoffice-core:       Installed: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Candidate: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Version table:      *** 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 0             500 ****://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages             100 /var/lib/dpkg/status          1:3.5.7-0ubuntu6.1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 0             500 ****://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.2-2ubuntu1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages     libreoffice-base:       Installed: 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1       Candidate: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Version table:          1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 0             500 ****://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages      *** 1:4.2.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~precise1 0             100 /var/lib/dpkg/status          1:3.5.7-0ubuntu6.1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 0             500 ****://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.2-2ubuntu1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages     libreoffice-base-core:       Installed: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Candidate: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Version table:      *** 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 0             500 ****://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages             100 /var/lib/dpkg/status          1:3.5.7-0ubuntu6.1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 0             500 ****://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages          1:3.5.2-2ubuntu1 0             500 ****://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages     libreoffice-base-drivers:       Installed: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Candidate: 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1       Version table:      *** 1:4.3.0-3ubuntu2~precise1 0             500 ****://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages             100 /var/lib/dpkg/status     david@david-K42F:~$       It won't let me reinstall the eos repository               david@david-K42F:~$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:versable/elementary-update     Ignoring unknown parameter "update encrypted"     You are about to add the following PPA to your system:      A supplementary PPA for elementaryOS Luna, providing elementaryOS based apps, third party icons for the elementary icon theme, additional plank themes and more.          For more elementaryOS visit http ://www.elementaryupdate.com/     For bug reports visit https ://bugs.launchpad.net/elementary-community      More info: https ://launchpad.net/~versable/+archive/ubuntu/elementary-update     Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it          Traceback (most recent call last):       File "/usr/bin/apt-add-repository", line 185, in <module>         sp = SoftwareProperties(options=options)       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 97, in __init__         self.reload_sourceslist()       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 585, in reload_sourceslist         self.distro.get_sources(self.sourceslist)           File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/aptsources/distro.py", line 87, in get_sources         raise NoDistroTemplateException("Error: could not find a "     aptsources.distro.NoDistroTemplateException: Error: could not find a distribution template      ============================ These are the contents of the source.list file               # deb cdrom:[elementary OS 0.2 _Luna_ - Stable amd64 (20130810)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/     # deb cdrom:[elementary OS 0.2 _Luna_ - Stable amd64 (20130810)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/     # deb cdrom:[elementary OS 0.2 _Luna_ - Stable amd64 (20130810)]/ precise main restricted     # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to     # newer versions of the distribution.     deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted     deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted          ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the     ## distribution.     deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted     deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted          ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu     ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any     ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.     deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe     deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe     deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe     deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe          ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu      ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to      ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in      ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu     ## security team.     deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse     deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse     deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse     deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse          ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as     ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes     ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.     ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review     ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.     deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse     deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse          deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted     deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted     deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe     deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe     deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse     deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse          ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's     ## 'partner' repository.     ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the     ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.     deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner     deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner          ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's     ## 'extras' repository.     ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party     ## developers who want to ship their latest software.     deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main     deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main     deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu/ precise-getdeb games     deb-src http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu/ precise-getdeb games


title: How to use an SSD for caching, so my hard disks can spin down?

text: I've got a file server with a bunch of disks running together in a BTRFS pool and want to add an SSD for caching. I'm not mainly after speeding up things, but want to catch the regular small accesses to be able to shut down the hard disks most of the time of not under heavy use (not running them 24/7 will save energy and should make the disks last longer). As far as I know, there are currently two SSD caching techniques implemented in Linux, dm-cache and bcache. dm-cache is still told to be more efficient, but development is going on for both and I don't need to tune for the absolute maximum efficiency. Reading bcache's documentation, I came upon these options: > **writeback_delay** : When dirty data is written to the cache and it > previously did not contain any, waits some number of seconds before > initiating writeback. Defaults to 30. > > **writeback_percent** : If nonzero, bcache tries to keep around this > percentage of the cache dirty by throttling background writeback and using a > PD controller to smoothly adjust the rate. > > **writeback_running** : If off, writeback of dirty data will not take place > at all. Dirty data will still be added to the cache until it is mostly full; > only meant for benchmarking. Defaults to on. Setting a large enough value for `writeback_delay` seems to do the job for me: Only write back once an hour, or (I assume that this would happen) if the cache is running full. **Is this a reasonable setup, and do I have consider anything else to succeed at spinning down the disks?** I'm also fine with going a completely different route if it fulfills my requirements. It seems @gorkypl is looking for another solution on a similar problem, but is having different requirements and environment and didn't receive an answer yet, either.


title: Fedora 20 kde change keyboard layout permantely to Latin America?

text: I'm trying to change it to Latin America language, however in the System Settings->Hardaware->input devices-layout tab nothing seem to works correctly (even if I add any layout) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/N4eHN.png) Also I can type for accents but in a weird manner. I have used the answer as discussed here. I have used that answer (the method # 1 and # 2) `system- config-keyboard` selecting Latin America, and works perfect but when I restart the computer changes are not saved, and need to do that again. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/uCcBF.png) What can I do then?


title: why are utmp, wtmp and btmp called as they are?

text: I know what these files record, but I'd like to known what 'u','w','b' prefixes mean. can anyone shed some light?


title: Linux - command to list files (except ls)

text: > Imagine you were working on a system and someone accidentally deleted the > `ls` command (`/bin/ls`). How could you get a list of the files in the > current directory? Try it. I tried many methods and also searched on the Internet but nothing. I want to ask beside `ls` command what command can we use to list out all the files.


title: Raspbian Firefox-Sync Server - Can't find URL

text: I'm trying to create my own (local) firefox-sync server in combination with apache 2 on my raspbian (kernel version 3.10), but firefox-sync is complaining about my specified url ("ffsync.mraspberrypi.com")! What I did: * * * 1) First I followed this tutorial for setting up the firefox-sync server (info: changed folder name from "syncserver" to "ffsyncserver" for own purposes). Relevant changes to files: (/opt/ffsyncserver/server-full/development.ini)               [server:main]     use = egg:Paste#http    # not sure about what to insert here!     host = localhost        # not sure about what to insert here!     port = 5000     use_threadpool = True     threadpool_workers = 60          [app:main]     use = egg:SyncServer     configuration = file:%(here)s/etc/sync.conf          [handler_syncserver_errors]     args = ('/opt/ffsyncserver/server-full/logs/sync-error.log',)      (/opt/ffsyncserver/server-full/etc/sync.conf)               [storage]     sqluri = sqlite:////opt/ffsyncserver/server-full/db/ffsync.db     quota_size = 25600          [auth]     sqluri = sqlite:////opt/ffsyncserver/server-full/db/ffsync.db     allow_new_users = true          [nodes]     fallback_node = http://ffsync.mraspberrypi.com          [smtp]     host = localhost     port = 25     sender = weave@mozilla.com          [reset_code]     sqluri = sqlite:////opt/ffsyncserver/server-full/db/ffsync.db      2) After that I installed Apache 2 as well as mod_wsgi by using this command               sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-doc libapache2-mod-wsgi      Relevant changes to files: (/etc/apache2/httpd.conf)               ServerName ffsync.mraspberrypi.com      (created file /etc/apache2/conf.d/fqdn)               ServerName ffsync.mraspberrypi.com      I also created a file /etc/apache2/sites-available/firefox-sync and linked it up in the folder /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/:               <Directory /opt/ffsyncserver/server-full>         Require all granted     </Directory>          <VirtualHost *:80>         ServerName ffsync.mraspberrypi.com         ServerAdmin webmaster@mraspberrypi.com              DocumentRoot /opt/ffsyncserver/server-full              CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ffsyncserver_access.log combindes         ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ffsyncserver_error.log              WSGIProcessGroup ffsync         WSGIDaemonProcess ffsync user=ffsync group=ffsync processes=2 threads=25         WSGIPassAuthorization On         WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/ffsyncserver/server-full/sync.wsgi     </VirtualHost>      As an example: After starting the apache2 server I can see the default-webpage by using the RPi's IP but it doesn't work by entering "ffsync.raspberrypi.com"! If I want to use Firefox-Sync with the specified url above, it tells me that the given url is not valid! So what's the problem?


title: Bash for loop create folders; do I have to escape some chars?

text: I want to create 5 files with the same name but with an incremental counter. If I do:               for i in {1..5}; do touch hallo_$i; done      I get `hallo_1`, `hallo_2`, `hallo_3`, etc. If I do:               for i in {1..5}; do touch company-price-$i_spec.rb; done      I get: `company-price-.rb` Do I have to escape something? Could it be that bash thinks I want to remove/subtract from the `$i` variable? If I escape `.` and `-` I still got the same result. Any hints?


title: Linux firewall distro that can configure a vpn connection as a WAN interface?

text: I'd like to setup linux as a router w/firewall between My machine and the internet. The linux box should connect to a VPN account using OpenVPN on boot (managed to get that done). Then the firewall rules will have my machine (on the internal side of the firewall) connect to the internet only through the vpn connection (managed that as well). The question - is there a linux/bsd distro that can do that (pfsense/monowall/etc)?


title: Does pressing ctrl-c several times make the running program close more quickly?

text: I often start to read a huge file and then want to quit after a while, but there is a lag from pressing   `Ctrl`+`C` to the program stops. Is there a chance of shortening the lag by pressing the `Ctrl`+`C` key several times? Or am I wasting my keypresses?


title: Backup whole hard disk Linux

text: I am looking for a method to backup a whole disk in case something is screwed up... I don't even know what to install on some special devices of the server, and every time it is not the same. Would `cp -a` for the `/` directory work?   Is there any program that can copy all the data of the hard disk? (like an image of the hard disk). I know that this exists at least for Windows.. The hard disk is on a RAID 1 though....


title: Linux partition table

text: What kind of partition table does Linux create by default? Is it msdos? Is it different depending on the Linux distribution used(I'm using Ubuntu)? Is there any command line utility I could use to find out that information?


title: Passing an argument to multiple commands in a single line

text: I'd like to be able to run multiple commands on the same file in a single line. The way I currently do this is:               commandA file && commandB file && perl -ne '...' file      My gut instinct tells me that there should be a way to provide the filename argument only once and pipe it to both commands simultaneously through `xargs` or something similar:               find file | xargs commandA && xargs commandB && xargs perl -ne '...'      When I try this, only the first command runs. How can I achieve what I want to do?


title: Comparing two files in Vim

text: Is it possible to view two files side-by-side in Vim? If so, how can I set up my editor to do this, and is there a way to `diff` between the two files within Vim? I am aware of the `:next` and `:prev` commands, but this is not what I'm after. It would really be nice to view the two files in tandem.


title: Delimiters of program arguments?

text: What is the syntax to delimit the arguments of a C program. For example, if I type :               ./myprogram 1 2 3 | grep result      The `| grep result` will be interpreted as arguments (and passed as `argv`). So how to terminate the arguments after `3` ?


title: The future of OpenSolaris

text: since OpenSolaris is more or less abandoned by Oracle, is there a nice alternative that implements the unique features of OSOL? ZFS is one thing, but I liked the image creation system, that let you create images of a master system and then distribute it quickly to other computers. This was an effort to simplify creation of clusters. According to the Wikipedia page of OSOL, there's Illumos, which is a fork of OSOL, with all closed source parts replaced by open source parts. Illumos is in active development. But is Illumos an alternative to OSOL, with all it's features? Is anyone using it and could tell us his or hers experiences?


title: How to grant a "no-root-user" rights to start/stop/restart mysql server on suse machine?

text: Is it possible to grant priviliges to a "no-root-user" to start and/stop/restart the mysql server on a suse machine? The goal is to make it for a developer possible to tune a mysql server/database and track some error down, which occure while an application corresponds with the mysql server. The server is on a SUSE machine. At the moment the user is in the group `mysql` which grants him access to the logfile in `/var/log/mysqld.log`. But after tweaking the `my.cnf` he was not able to restart the server. So it seams, that he needs more rights then only beeing in the group `mysql`. Thanks for any suggestions in advance! Additional question: Are there more priviliges that should be granted to him to garanty his workflow, while working and administrating the mysql server?


title: Tunnel HTTP traffic using another machine via SSH

text: I have this situation: server 1: public ip x.x.x.x private ip 192.168.0.1 server 2: private ip 192.168.0.10 The server 1 can reach the internet with both interfaces:               ping -i x.x.x.x www.google.com     www.google.com is alive          ping -i 192.168.0.1 www.google.com     www.google.com is alive      The server 2 can reach only the server 1 via ssh. I need to update some packages and install some new ones on this server (all shell commands). I tried already using:               ssh -D 9001 root@server1      and exporting http_proxy/ftp_proxy with localhost:9001 on server 2, but it seems to not work. How can I use the public connection of server 1?


title: How can I install all packages when apt-get dist-upgrade does nothing?

text: On my Debian system (Raspian Raspberry Pi), some packages were kept back. I tried `sudo apt-get dist-upgrade`, but this did not result in an upgrade.               $ sudo apt-get upgrade -y     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Calculating upgrade... Done     The following packages have been kept back:       libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libfile-fcntllock-perl       liblocale-gettext-perl libnet-libidn-perl libnet-ssleay-perl       libterm-readkey-perl libtext-charwidth-perl libtext-iconv-perl       libtext-soundex-perl     0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.     $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Calculating upgrade... Done     0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.      There are no holds on packages. The following gives no output.               $ dpkg --get-selections | grep hold      What is causing the block to these packages, and how can I upgrade them?


title: How to make tar save the archive on a remote machine using sftp or ftp?

text: I would like to backup some of my very important data on a remote machine.   Currently I'm just saving it to my local machine by using this command: `tar -cvjf ~/backups/Backup.tar.bz2 ~/importantfiles/*` I would prefer not using another command to transger it to the remote machine, meaning I would like to just have this command being upgraded so it can transfer the data to the remote machine. This is designed to be in a script later that is suposed to run on its own, meaning any type of required user input would completly mess it up! Something like               tar -cvjf sftp://user:pwassword@host/Backup.tar.bz2 ~/importantfiles/*     tar -cvjf  ftp://user:pwassword@host/Backup.tar.bz2 ~/importantfiles/*      would be perfect! (No pipes (etc.), just one command!)


title: Can X11 scale to virtual resoltions on HiDPI/Retina screens the way OS X does?

text: I've recently had the chance to use a Macbook Pro with Retina Display, and its quite clear that the display is futuristic enough to actually warrant Apple's over-the-top marketing. I've got sensitive eyes, and I don't like looking at very small text. Apple's virtual scaling for HiDPI resolutions scales the entire screen, not just text/UI buttons. This creates a higher level of detail on a canvas encompassing a smaller virtual resolution. Most discussions that I've found say there's no similar solution when using Linux except to change gnome DPI settings. After some cursory research, it seems that scaled resolutions are possible under X11 (see here). The --scale feature can be used for netbooks virtualizing a larger resolution, but could inverted values emulate a 1440x900 desktop on a 2880x1800 screen? If not, why?


title: Install Fedora core 15 on HP Smart Array Controller HDD

text: I need to install "Fedora Core 15" Linux on to HP Smart Array Controller attached HDD. Problem is Fedora Core 15 kernel do not has HPSA device driver. I tried to load (my own build) HPSA driver (copied) at RAM drive from Fedora installation terminal. So, installation procedure done to HSPA HDD. But, booting after installation hopelessly failed because there is no HPSA driver in installed Fedora 15 kernel image. What can be a good solution for this problem?   * Do I need to compile my own Fedora 15 kernel with HPSA driver?   * Or, can I use initrd image (somehow) with HPSA driver to enable HDD during boot process? It's quite long time ago for me to build Linux kernel to install... Please give your consult on it. Thanks.


title: Which distributions can have a network installation started from a floppy?

text: Suppose I have computer with no USB boot option; no CD/DVD drive; an unformatted HDD; and a working connection to the Internet (via a local network segment with a DHCP server etc)... and an FDD. Can I use a floppy disk to trigger an installation of a Linux distribution? I'm specifically interested in vanilla Debian and in lightweight distros such as Trisquel Mini, Damn Small Linux (is it still maintained?) etc.


title: Parse multiple sections of data into seperate files

text: I have a concatenated log file with multiple logs inside that I'm trying to parse out into individual log files (I will later rename them to the date/time of each). Each log is separated by "--- LOG REPORT ---". So far I have...               sed -n '/--- LOG REPORT ---/,/--- LOG REPORT ---/p' logname.log > test.out      However, as you can imagine, that only outputs the first instance of the pattern. I looked over the man page for sed and I'm not convinced it can output multiple files. Perhaps I could keep extracting from a file until it's empty but that seems like too much work. How I can achieve this? Maybe I should be using awk instead? Example of input file filename.log               --- LOG REPORT ---     Mary     Had     A     Little     Lamb     --- LOG REPORT ---     Her     Fleece     Was     White     As     Snow      Desired output: In filename_1.log               --- LOG REPORT ---     Mary     Had     A     Little     Lamb      In filename_2.log               --- LOG REPORT ---     Her     Fleece     Was     White     As     Snow


title: What caused my CentOS 6.4 box to reboot itself?

text: I noticed that the MySQL daemon running on my CentOS 6.4 machine was suddenly not running anymore. I checked the MySQL log, but didn't see anything relevant:               121229 22:17:45 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended     121229 22:17:50 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql     121229 22:17:50  InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M     121229 22:17:50  InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool     121229 22:17:50  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 206087326     121229 22:17:50 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events     121229 22:17:50 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.     Version: '5.1.66-log'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution     130205 11:09:32 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Normal shutdown          130205 11:09:32 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events     130205 11:09:34  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...     130205 11:09:36  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 0 529664030     130205 11:09:36 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete          130205 11:09:36 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended     130205 11:09:37 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql     130205 11:09:37  InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M     130205 11:09:37  InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool     130205 11:09:37  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 529664030     130205 11:09:37 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events     130205 11:09:37 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.     Version: '5.1.67-log'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution     130310 11:33:12 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Normal shutdown          130310 11:33:12 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events     130310 11:33:14  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...     130310 11:33:16  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 0 788753738     130310 11:33:16 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete          130310 11:33:16 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended     130310 11:36:03 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql     130310 11:36:03  InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M     130310 11:36:03  InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool     130310 11:36:04  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 788753738     130310 11:36:04 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events     130310 11:36:04 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.     Version: '5.1.67-log'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution     130413 20:56:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql     130413 20:56:56  InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M     130413 20:56:56  InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool     InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 0 1139894636     130413 20:56:56  InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!     InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.     InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...     InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite     InnoDB: buffer...     InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 1139895853     130413 20:56:56  InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...     InnoDB: Progress in percents: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99      InnoDB: Apply batch completed     InnoDB: Last MySQL binlog file position 0 335782050, file name ./mysql-bin.000003     130413 20:56:57  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 1139895853     130413 20:56:57 [Note] Recovering after a crash using mysql-bin     130413 20:56:59 [ERROR] Error in Log_event::read_log_event(): 'read error', data_len: 809, event_type: 2     130413 20:56:59 [Note] Starting crash recovery...     130413 20:56:59 [Note] Crash recovery finished.     130413 20:56:59 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events     130413 20:56:59 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.     Version: '5.1.67-log'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution      Then I checked `/var/log/messages`, and realized the system was rebooted for some reason:               Apr  7 03:48:03 localhost rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.10" x-pid="1335" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: imklog 5.8.10, log source = /proc/kmsg started.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.10" x-pid="1370" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpu     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Linux version 2.6.32-358.2.1.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Mar 13 00:26:49 UTC 2013     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: KERNEL supported cpus:     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  Intel GenuineIntel     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  AMD AuthenticAMD     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  Centaur CentaurHauls     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009b000 (usable)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000000009b000 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000008bf64000 (usable)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008bf64000 - 000000008c051000 (ACPI NVS)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008c051000 - 000000008c13d000 (ACPI data)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008c13d000 - 000000008d53d000 (ACPI NVS)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008d53d000 - 000000008f602000 (ACPI data)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008f602000 - 000000008f64f000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008f64f000 - 000000008f6e4000 (ACPI data)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008f6e4000 - 000000008f6ef000 (ACPI NVS)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008f6ef000 - 000000008f6f1000 (ACPI data)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008f6f1000 - 000000008f7cf000 (ACPI NVS)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008f7cf000 - 000000008f800000 (ACPI data)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 000000008f800000 - 0000000090000000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 00000000a0000000 - 00000000b0000000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 00000000fc000000 - 00000000fd000000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 00000000fed1c000 - 00000000fed20000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 00000000ff800000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: BIOS-e820: 0000000100000000 - 0000000270000000 (usable)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: DMI 2.5 present.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: SMBIOS version 2.5 @ 0xF0440     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: last_pfn = 0x270000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: x86 PAT enabled: cpu 0, old 0x7040600070406, new 0x7010600070106     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: last_pfn = 0x8bf64 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Using GB pages for direct mapping     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-000000008bf64000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: init_memory_mapping: 0000000100000000-0000000270000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: RAMDISK: 3717b000 - 37fef73a     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: RSDP 00000000000f0410 00024 (v02 Cisco0)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: XSDT 000000008f7fe120 0009C (v01 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000000      01000013)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: FACP 000000008f7fc000 000F4 (v04 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000000 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: DSDT 000000008f7f6000 05DBE (v02 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000003 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: FACS 000000008f6f1000 00040     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: APIC 000000008f7f5000 001A8 (v02 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000000 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: MCFG 000000008f7f4000 0003C (v01 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000001 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: HPET 000000008f7f3000 00038 (v01 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000001 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: SLIT 000000008f7f2000 00030 (v01 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000001 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: SPCR 000000008f7f1000 00050 (v01 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000000 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: WDDT 000000008f7f0000 00040 (v01 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000000 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: SSDT 000000008f7d5000 1AFC4 (v02  Cisco SSDT  PM 00004000 INTL 20090730)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: SSDT 000000008f7d4000 001D8 (v02  Cisco IPMI     00004000 INTL 20090730)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: SSDT 000000008f7d3000 00962 (v02 CISCO  PMETER   00004000 INTL 20090730)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: HEST 000000008f7d1000 000A8 (v01 Cisco  CiscoTbl 00000001 CISC 00000001)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: BERT 000000008f7d0000 00030 (v01 Cisco  CiscoTbl 00000001 CISC 00000001)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: ERST 000000008f7cf000 00230 (v01 Cisco  CiscoTbl 00000001 CISC 00000001)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: EINJ 000000008f6f0000 00130 (v01 Cisco  CiscoTbl 00000001 CISC 00000001)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: DMAR 000000008f6ef000 001A8 (v01 Cisco0 CiscoUCS 00000001 MSFT 0100000D)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Setting APIC routing to flat.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: No NUMA configuration found     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Faking a node at 0000000000000000-0000000270000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Bootmem setup node 0 0000000000000000-0000000270000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  NODE_DATA [000000000000b000 - 000000000003efff]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  bootmap [000000000003f000 -  000000000008cfff] pages 4e     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: (9 early reservations) ==> bootmem [0000000000 - 0270000000]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #0 [0000000000 - 0000001000]   BIOS data page ==> [0000000000 - 0000001000]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #1 [0000006000 - 0000008000]       TRAMPOLINE ==> [0000006000 - 0000008000]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #2 [0001000000 - 000201b0a4]    TEXT DATA BSS ==> [0001000000 - 000201b0a4]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #3 [003717b000 - 0037fef73a]          RAMDISK ==> [003717b000 - 0037fef73a]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #4 [000009b000 - 0000100000]    BIOS reserved ==> [000009b000 - 0000100000]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #5 [000201c000 - 000201c2f8]              BRK ==> [000201c000 - 000201c2f8]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #6 [0000008000 - 000000a000]          PGTABLE ==> [0000008000 - 000000a000]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #7 [000000a000 - 000000b000]          PGTABLE ==> [000000a000 - 000000b000]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  #8 [0000001000 - 0000001030]        ACPI SLIT ==> [0000001000 - 0000001030]     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: found SMP MP-table at [ffff8800000fc640] fc640     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Reserving 129MB of memory at 48MB for crashkernel (System RAM: 9984MB)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Zone PFN ranges:     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  DMA      0x00000001 -> 0x00001000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  DMA32    0x00001000 -> 0x00100000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:  Normal   0x00100000 -> 0x00270000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Movable zone start PFN for each node     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: early_node_map[3] active PFN ranges     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:    0: 0x00000001 -> 0x0000009b     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:    0: 0x00000100 -> 0x0008bf64     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel:    0: 0x00100000 -> 0x00270000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x408     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Setting APIC routing to flat.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x02] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x02] lapic_id[0x12] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x03] lapic_id[0x14] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x04] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x05] lapic_id[0x03] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x06] lapic_id[0x13] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x07] lapic_id[0x15] enabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x08] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x09] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x0a] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x0b] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x0c] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x0d] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x0e] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x0f] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x10] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x11] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x12] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x13] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x14] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x15] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x16] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x17] lapic_id[0xff] disabled)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x02] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x03] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x04] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x05] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x06] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x07] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x08] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x09] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0a] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0b] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0c] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0d] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0e] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0f] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x10] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x11] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x12] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x13] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x14] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x15] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x16] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x17] high level lint[0x1])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x08] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 8, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x09] address[0xfec90000] gsi_base[24])     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: IOAPIC[1]: apic_id 9, version 32, address 0xfec90000, GSI 24-47     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: HPET id: 0x8086a401 base: 0xfed00000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: SMP: Allowing 24 CPUs, 16 hotplug CPUs     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000000009b000 - 00000000000a0000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000a0000 - 00000000000e0000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008bf64000 - 000000008c051000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008c051000 - 000000008c13d000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008c13d000 - 000000008d53d000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008d53d000 - 000000008f602000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008f602000 - 000000008f64f000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008f64f000 - 000000008f6e4000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008f6e4000 - 000000008f6ef000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008f6ef000 - 000000008f6f1000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008f6f1000 - 000000008f7cf000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008f7cf000 - 000000008f800000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000008f800000 - 0000000090000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 0000000090000000 - 00000000a0000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000a0000000 - 00000000b0000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000b0000000 - 00000000fc000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000fc000000 - 00000000fd000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000fd000000 - 00000000fed1c000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000fed1c000 - 00000000fed20000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000fed20000 - 00000000ff800000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000ff800000 - 0000000100000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Allocating PCI resources starting at b0000000 (gap: b0000000:4c000000)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: NR_CPUS:4096 nr_cpumask_bits:24 nr_cpu_ids:24 nr_node_ids:1     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PERCPU: Embedded 31 pages/cpu @ffff88002f800000 s94552 r8192 d24232 u131072     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: pcpu-alloc: s94552 r8192 d24232 u131072 alloc=1*2097152     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: pcpu-alloc: [0] 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15      Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: pcpu-alloc: [0] 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --      Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 2045459     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Policy zone: Normal     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=129M@0M rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Checking aperture...     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: No AGP bridge found     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Placing 64MB software IO TLB between ffff880020000000 - ffff880024000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: software IO TLB at phys 0x20000000 - 0x24000000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Memory: 7972340k/10223616k available (5221k kernel code, 1901576k absent, 349700k reserved, 7121k data, 1264k init)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Hierarchical RCU implementation.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: NR_IRQS:33024 nr_irqs:1008     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Extended CMOS year: 2000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Console: colour VGA+ 80x25     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: console [tty0] enabled     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: allocated 33554432 bytes of page_cgroup     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Fast TSC calibration using PIT     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Detected 2666.901 MHz processor.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 5333.80 BogoMIPS (lpj=2666901)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Security Framework initialized     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: SELinux:  Initializing.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Inode-cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Mount-cache hash table entries: 256     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys ns     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys memory     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys devices     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys freezer     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys blkio     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys perf_event     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys net_prio     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: CPU: Processor Core ID: 0     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: mce: CPU supports 9 MCE banks     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: CPU0: Thermal monitoring enabled (TM1)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: using mwait in idle threads.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: Core revision 20090903     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ftrace: converting mcount calls to 0f 1f 44 00 00     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ftrace: allocating 21430 entries in 85 pages     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: Host address width 40     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: DRHD base: 0x000000fe710000 flags: 0x1     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: IOMMU 0: reg_base_addr fe710000 ver 1:0 cap c90780106f0462 ecap f020fe     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f62f000 end: 0x0000008f631fff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f61a000 end: 0x0000008f61afff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f617000 end: 0x0000008f617fff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f614000 end: 0x0000008f614fff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f611000 end: 0x0000008f611fff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f60e000 end: 0x0000008f60efff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f60b000 end: 0x0000008f60bfff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f608000 end: 0x0000008f608fff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: RMRR base: 0x0000008f605000 end: 0x0000008f605fff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: dmar: No ATSR found     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: IOAPIC id 8 under DRHD base 0xfe710000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: IOAPIC id 9 under DRHD base 0xfe710000     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Enabled IRQ remapping in xapic mode     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Setting APIC routing to physical flat     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: CPU0: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5640  @ 2.67GHz stepping 02     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Performance Events: PEBS fmt1+, Westmere events, Intel PMU driver.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: CPUID marked event: 'bus cycles' unavailable     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ... version:                3     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ... bit width:              48     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ... generic registers:      4     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ... value mask:             0000ffffffffffff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ... max period:             000000007fffffff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ... fixed-purpose events:   3     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ... event mask:             000000070000000f     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: NMI watchdog enabled, takes one hw-pmu counter.     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Booting Node   0, Processors  #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Brought up 8 CPUs     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: Total of 8 processors activated (42670.41 BogoMIPS).     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: devtmpfs: initialized     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registering ACPI NVS region at 8bf64000 (970752 bytes)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registering ACPI NVS region at 8c13d000 (20971520 bytes)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registering ACPI NVS region at 8f6e4000 (45056 bytes)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PM: Registering ACPI NVS region at 8f6f1000 (909312 bytes)     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: regulator: core version 0.5     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 16     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI FADT declares the system doesn't support PCIe ASPM, so disable it     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: bus type pci registered     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PCI: MCFG configuration 0: base a0000000 segment 0 buses 0 - 255     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PCI: MCFG area at a0000000 reserved in E820     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PCI: Using MMCONFIG at a0000000 - afffffff     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base access     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: Interpreter enabled     Apr 13 17:19:07 localhost kernel: ACPI: (supports S0 S5)      How can I determine what caused the system to be rebooted?


title: Mint 14 does not detect my first hard disk

text: I have two hardisks installed in my machine :               Samsung SSD PM830  SATA : 128 Gb     ST9500423AS ATA : 500 Gb      When I start Mint installer, it only showed me the 500Gb harddisk.So I partitioned it into two 250Gb partitions and installed Mint on one of them. But after rebooting,it didnt show any Grub/boot menu and directly loaded Windows 7. Any tips?


title: Linux Mint freezes on startup

text: ## Premise I am running Linux Mint on my sister's computer. Everything was working fine, but than one day she turned it on and she got a strange message she didn't understand. I think it was some kind of question in terminal. Unfortunately my sister despides her natural inteligence didn't know what to do and decided to simple turned the computer off. Since then everything goes wrong. ## The problem When booting i got classic Linux Mint splash screen, when pressing `ESC` I get this: ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/dBeDR.jpg) The message on third row and later mean:               /dev/sda5 clean, 182625/1602496 files, 1140445/6401536 blocks     /dev/sda6 clean, 20551/10928128 files, 14921843/43686912 blocks     Partition for /home is not readyor present.     Continue waiting or press S for skipping the mounting or M for manual mount.      Pressing neither of those buttons work. It is simlpy stuck and does nothing. ## Attempt 1 - recovery mode So I've realized I am having problem with `/dev/sda5` or `/dev/sda6`. I booted into recovery mode. I tried to check for consistency of packages and I got: ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/y3Uta.jpg) Again the same message, only one more: `/dev/sda6: the journal is renewing` Again nothing happens. Choosing different operation in recovery mode menu leads to the same thing. ## Attempt 2 - gparted I've downloaded a live cd with gparted to check out the disks. In gparted I've checked the disks, no errors. Hm. I mounted the both `/dev/sda6` and `/dev/sda5` in terminal, which worked. I was able to see all data unharmed. ## Attempt 3 - getting rid of `/home` Because everything has been about the bloody `/dev/sda6` which is automaticly mounted to `/home` I've decided to remove it from `/etc/fstab` and leave only the system disk `/dev/sda5`. It was easy hence I was in gparted already. I rebooted and _nothing_ happened. Not even splash screen, no message, no sound from computer at all. It was running, but doing nothing. Uff. **EDIT** : I am still able to get past grub. This _nothing_ happens AFTER choosing Linux Mint in grub. ## Attempt 4 - reinstall? Since I have the `/home` on seperate partition I was wondering I could simple reinstall the system. I've downloaded ISO, put it on USB and I was astonished to get another terminal like text and freeze: ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/BBpXg.jpg) ## Attempt 5 - Stack Exchange You are on, guys. ## Final notes I have the feeling all this leads to hardware problems, but a) i've successfully mounted both partitions and b) i have windows 7 on another partition (but same disk) that works. I guess formatting the disk using gparted and install linux mint again would work, however I would prefer saving all the data (I would have to back up everything). Any help how to debug or fix this problem will be much appreciated. ## Reports `fdisk -l` https://dl.dropbox.com/u/71390144/keepers/fdiskl `fsck -n /dev/sda6` https://dl.dropbox.com/u/71390144/keepers/fsck6 `cat /etc/fstab` https://dl.dropbox.com/u/71390144/keepers/fstab `smartctl -a /dev/sda` https://dl.dropbox.com/u/71390144/keepers/smartctl


title: Change volume with terminal

text: Using mate and linux mint, I would like to create another keyboard shortcut to increase and decrease the volume. Currently, I'm using custom keyboard bindings with `mate-keybinding- properties`. I bought a wireless headset which includes buttons to change the volume. Those buttons works well if I reconfigure the keybindings, but I don't want to remove the ones with keyboard. That's why I would like to create another shortcut, but I can't find a command to do this in mate, or which one is used with the default settings. I already found topics about `amixer`, but I'm not happy with it because it doesn't show the volume tooltip, and it resets the balance of my speakers when I try to increase it to more than 100%.