title: Does the linux kernel (specifically 2.6 onwards) have any recursive function?

text: Given the limited fixed size of kernel stack, my guess is that although theoretically we might have a recursive function if its recursion doesn't go too deep, pragmatism would suggest to do away with recursive functions all together, to be on a safer side. After all, too much of recursion can result in wiping off the *thread_info_t* struct and a resultant kernel panic


title: Debian Mouse Preference?

text: I just loaded Debian onto a live usb today for the first time. I successfully killed my laptops annoying trackpad with the synclient command, but now I can't figure out how to get Debian to stop putting my mouse to sleep everytime I stop using it for a few seconds. Does anyone know how to disable this or at the very least extend the time.


title: How to renice a group of processes?

text: `lb build` can build live system image, and it invokes many processes while building the image. If I start it as below:               # nice -n 19 ionice -n 7 -c 3 lb build      all the children processes get the same nice level:                 PID USER       IORR  IOWR    IO IO PRI  NI  VIRT   RES   SHR S CPU% MEM%   TIME+  Command                                                      26196 morfik        0     0     0 B4  20   0 23888   672   668 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.24 │  ├─ -bash     30926 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 53668   536   536 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.02 │  │  └─ su -     31008 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 34656  6260  1144 S  0.0  0.6  0:02.60 │  │     └─ -su     11784 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19  4496   796   524 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.01 │  │        └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/build                    11797 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19  4328   612   512 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.00 │  │           └─ /bin/sh ./auto/build     11806 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19  7028   604   504 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.00 │  │              ├─ tee build.log     11798 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19  4496   824   532 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.01 │  │              └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/build noauto       11915 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19  4496   836   544 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.01 │  │                 └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/bootstrap       12753 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19  4496   856   548 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.02 │  │                    └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/bootstra     12867 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19 62980  3508  2132 S 11.2  0.3  0:07.00 │  │                       └─ aptitude --assume-yes update     12943 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19 24296  1916  1568 S  0.0  0.2  0:00.14 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/xz     12927 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19 53280 30688 30172 R 86.5  3.0  0:28.65 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/rred     12891 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19 24304  1784  1440 S  0.0  0.2  0:00.00 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/gpgv     12889 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19 24292  1624  1384 S  0.0  0.2  0:00.00 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/copy     12887 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19 32860  1956  1560 S  0.0  0.2  0:00.17 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/http     12886 root          0     0     0 ??  39  19 24292  1696  1444 S  0.0  0.2  0:00.00 │  │                          └─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/fil      But I forgot to add this `nice -n 19 ionice -n 7 -c 3` and ran just `lb build`. So, I tried to `renice` the parent process:               # renice -n 19 -p 6187      But this doesn't renice the other processes. So, it looks like this:               26196 morfik        0     0     0 B4  20   0 23888   668   664 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.24 │  ├─ -bash     30926 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 53668   528   528 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.02 │  │  └─ su -     31008 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 34656  5952  1224 S  0.0  0.6  0:02.62 │  │     └─ -su      6187 root          0     0     0 B7  39  19  4496   800   524 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.00 │  │        └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/build      6349 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0  4328   612   512 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.00 │  │           └─ /bin/sh ./auto/build      6351 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0  7028   592   488 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.00 │  │              ├─ tee build.log      6350 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0  4496   828   532 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.01 │  │              └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/build noauto        6445 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0  4496   840   548 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.00 │  │                 └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/bootstrap        7580 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0  4496   856   552 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.02 │  │                    └─ /bin/sh /usr/lib/live/build/bootstra      7692 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 62924  5236  3848 S 15.5  0.5  0:03.78 │  │                       └─ aptitude --assume-yes update      7932 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 54776 16480 15916 R 84.1  1.6  0:16.60 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/rred      7912 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 24296  2036  1648 S  0.0  0.2  0:01.62 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/gzip      7733 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 27948  5552  1632 S  0.0  0.5  0:02.85 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/bzip2      7711 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 24304  1780  1436 S  0.0  0.2  0:00.00 │  │                          ├─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/gpgv      7709 root          0     0     0 B4  20   0 30800  2200  1812 S  0.0  0.2  0:01.01 │  │                          └─ /usr/lib/apt/methods/http           I could renice all the processes manually but they are changing. **EDIT#1** The following command:               # nice -n 19 ionice -n 7 -c 3 lb build      sets also: > ionice - sets or gets process io scheduling class and priority. ... > > -c, --class scheduling class name or number 0: none, 1: realtime, 2: best- > effort, 3: idle > > -n, --classdata scheduling class data 0-7 for realtime and best-effort > classes How to set `-c` and `-n` option of `ionice` to the processes?


title: Linux Mint MATE: Disable encrypted volume password dialog

text: I'm running the MATE edition of Linux Mint on my laptop. I have an external USB disk with a LUKS container on it. The USB disk is connected to the laptop's docking station. Whenever I connect the laptop to the docking station, MATE pops up a window which says, "Enter a password to unlock the volume" along with a text field and options to forget the password immediately, remember until logout, or remember forever. (Not "don't show me this popup again," which is what I would prefer.) Under normal use, I want to have this external USB disk unmounted and idle. I have a cron job which unlocks the disk via a key file, mounts the partition, and runs an automated backup. I don't want this partition to be mounted all the time, nor do I want it to be accessible to my ordinary (non-privileged) user account. Is there any way to tell gvfs (or whatever is doing this) to please stop showing me the "enter password" dialog every time I dock my laptop to the docking station?


title: Running commands on startup on a Red Hat server

text: I have a Red Hat server instance on AWS that I'm trying to make a nice AMI image of so I can test specific instance machine types with Apache Bench (`ab`). I'm currently just trying to create the OS image with everything how I would like it. Currently I have httpd installed on the image. I want it so that when this image boots it automatically starts hosting its page. Currently I'm starting the `httpd` service and stopping the `iptables` service to get the page to be served. Is there are way I can issue these commands on start up so that the page is served without having to SSH into the image and do it manually?


title: How to reset user password for an RSA II card?

text: I've got root access on a SLES 9 with a Remote Supervisor Adapter II Refresh 1 card :) The password for the user for the RSA card is incorrect. **My question:** How can I reset the RSA user's password without rebooting the machine?


title: Why do Linux people always say to read the manual?

text: Why do Linux people always say to read the manual when it would be so much easier to just give you an answer? There's no manual! It didn't come with one.


title: Transfer a file from Android to a PC (not in the same network)

text: If I were connected by wifi in my network, there isn't any problem because with AirDroid I can access the sdcard files using the browser. However when I am out, how can I transfer a file from my phone to my PC? I can access my PC using SSH, but then from the PC I can't access the phone for get file using SCP. I guess the question is: Is there any app that allow do such action? I think the only possible thing is install a SSH server in the phone, isn't it?


title: PDF tool similar to ImageMagick

text: I was introduced to ImageMagick a few months back for manipulating images for print but now I'm curious to know if anyone has seen one for `.pdf`? I would like to create scripts that will check or modify crop, bleed, font embedding, and the like.


title: Why does "su -c <command> &" seemingly allow a command to run in the background without hanging up

text: I was helping a colleague who was having problems with a background process intermittently dying. I found out that they were starting the background process by logging in to the server and executing:               su - <user> -c '<command>' &      "Aha", I exclaimed. "If you start a command with "&" it will hang-up when you exit the controlling terminal. You need to use something like nohup to achieve this. Really this process needs to support running as a daemon, tut tut." We tested the above command to demonstrate my point and... it seemed to work: the process started by _command_ didn't exit when the we exited the terminal that ran the above command. _command_ is a custom Python script whose output goes to a file. As far as I can tell there is no intelligent "daemonize" like capability in the script. It doesn't do any of the things needed to run as a daemon listed here 1 Running the command like so behaves as expected:               <command> &     exit      In the above case the background process started by _command_ exits when we exit the terminal. My question is this:   1. What is happening when we add "su - -c &" that prevents the process from exiting when our terminal exits. I would like to understand in detail with respect to the controlling terminal, standard input and output etc.   2. Is this a reasonable way to achieve the goal of running this command as a background process. If not why, not? I want to propagate best practice within my company, but I need to be able to demonstrate and back-up any recommendations I make. Also, I just want to understand what is going on exactly.


title: Automatic kernel configuration tool

text: Is there any developed automatic linux kernel configuration tool? I have found a method of `make localmodconfig`, but it is certainly very limited. I have searched the web but unfortunately have not come to any acceptable result. Although I am quite conversant in kernel configuration issues, I would like to optimize my time wasted on configuration every new system with particular hardware, since it is rather technical work that creative.


title: Reorder folders on FAT32 drive

text: My car can read MP3 files from a FAT32 flash drive. I have a folder for each artist on the drive, then MP3 files in those folders. However the car does not read the folders alphabetically, but by the order they were added to the drive. I can use **DriveSort** to sort the drive after I add a new artist. Could this "sorting" be done from the command line, perhaps using `touch`?


title: Replace column entry with sum of other column entries

text: Let's say I have a file that contains these lines:               02.03.14    14.50   14.50   0.00    Desc     02.03.14    17.00   0.00    17.00   Desc     01.03.14    2.82    1.68    calc    Desc     02.03.14    1.04    0.00    1.04    Desc     06.03.14    6.00    0.00    6.00    Desc     08.03.14    11.76   2.98    calc    Desc     10.03.14    3.27    0.00    3.27    Desc      I want to replace all column entries containing `calc` (only appearing in the `4th` column) to contain the difference between the `3nd` and `2nd` column, so `4th=3rd-2nd`. How can I do so?


title: Remove backslash + newline sequences

text: We are having a file in Linux which contains one line per record, but problem comes when the line contains some new line characters. In this case, the backslash is appended at the end of line and the record is split into multiple lines. So below is my problem:               "abc def \     xyz pqr"      should be:               "abc def xyz pqr"      I tried `sed -I 's/\\\\\n/ /g' <file_name>` which is not working. I also tried the `tr` command but it replaces only one character, not the string. Can you please suggest any command to handle this issue.


title: How do you "disable" oh-my-zsh (and zsh) without uninstalling it?

text: I was trying new dev environments including zsh and oh-my-zsh. Now that I have installed oh-my-zsh, it starts by default on my terminals (iTerm2 and terminal) always start with zsh and with the settings on from oh-my-zsh. I was wondering if it was possible to "disable" or stop using zsh and its setup with oh-my-zsh without having to uninstall oh-my-zsh? It would also be nice to know how to turn them back on too. Currently, my terminals goes into zsh automatically (I think) and use the oh- my-zsh automatically. I want to have more control over that and me able to control both, when the zsh is being used and when the oh-my-zsh features are being used. One thing I am also interested on knowing is, how do the terminal applications know which shell to start running on start up. That would be nice to be able to control too! If you explain as much as you can of the "why" of every command you give me, that would useful! :) * * * I am on OS X. Not sure if that matters, but I tend to like answers more that are more applicable to more general Unix environments rather to my own.


title: Use the sed command to search text file for entries 10000 and under

text: I'm trying to use the `sed` command to search a file for all entries 10000 and under but I think this incomplete `sed` search string might be for entries 10000 and over:               sed -n "/[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]/ q" logfile


title: Unable to find an option to install CentOS 6.4 (64bit) in command line (linux text) for Asterisk

text: I am trying to learn Asterisk, so I downloaded the latest CentOS 6.4 (64bit) to install on VMWare Workstation 9. When I started the installation it is not giving any screen to start the installation in command line mode, like it did with CentOS 5.5 (like type linux text command). The reason I want to install it in CLI is that I do not know Linux at all except a few commands and CLI gives option to uncheck GENOME, KDE, Server and more during installation. I really do not know what options to select in GUI while installing from the customization menu (like what all components to install). Is there any way to do it? I am also wondering if the MINIMAL install feature on CentOS 6.4 (64bit) is same as CentOS 5.5 (32bit), where if we start installation with "linux text" command and unselect every package including KDE, GENOME, SERVER and etc.


title: Window resize slowly and freeze with compton, openbox and catalyst-hoo

text: I'm try for the second time use Arch Linux. In this installation I get:   * openbox   * tint2   * compton   * catalyst-hook (Vi0L0's) After starting the compton, I can not see what I'm typing in the terminal, videos (flash/html) freeze in fullscreen, teamviewer stops working and resize any window is extremely slow. If I kill compton, everything it's work BUT resize keep slow. How can I fix that? **~/config/compton.conf**               backend = "glx";     paint-on-overlay = true;     glx-no-stencil = true;     glx-no-rebind-pixmap = true;     refresh-rate = "60";     vsync="none"          # Shadow     shadow = false;     no-dock-shadow = true;     # Avoid drawing shadows on dock/panel windows.     no-dnd-shadow = true;  # Don't draw shadows on DND windows.     shadow-exclude = [ "n:w:*Firefox*" ]; # Not sure what it does or if it works          # Fading     fading = false;     no-fading-openclose = true      **/etc/X11/xorg.conf**               Section "ServerLayout"        Identifier     "aticonfig Layout"        Screen      0  "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" 0 0     EndSection          Section "Module"     EndSection          Section "Monitor"        Identifier   "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0"        Option       "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver"        Option       "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor"        Option       "DPMS" "true"     EndSection          Section "Device"        Identifier  "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"        Driver      "fglrx"        BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"     EndSection          Section "Screen"        Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0"        Device     "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"        Monitor    "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0"        DefaultDepth     24        SubSection "Display"           Viewport   0 0           Depth     24        EndSubSection     EndSection      **~/.config/openbox/autostart.sh**               tint2 &     sh ~/.fehbg &     conky -c ~/.conky/conkyrc_grey &     compton --backend glx --paint-on-overlay --glx-no-stencil --vsync opengl-swc --shadow-e     xclude "! name~=''" --config ~/.config/compton.conf -b &     pulseaudio --start &      **~/.xinitrc**               #!/bin/sh     #     # ~/.xinitrc     #     # Executed by startx (run your window manager from here)          if [ -d /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d ]; then       for f in /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/*; do         [ -x "$f" ] && . "$f"       done       unset f     fi          # exec gnome-session     # exec startkde     # exec startxfce4     # ...or the Window Manager of your choice     exec openbox-session


title: unable to chown a directory recursiverly "unknown user id"

text: I trying to chown the directory for changing the permissions of the directory. But it shows some error as unknown user id I tried to `chown` using the command : `chown -R www-data [directory name]` it shows the error as `unknown user id www-data` How to get rid of this.


title: Understanding the difference between pid_max, ulimit -u and thread_max

text: I am trying to understand the Linux processes. I have confusion on the terms `pid_max`, `ulimit -u` and `thread_max`. What exactly is the difference between these terms? Can someone clarify me the differences?


title: Conversion of disk image from Encase (E01) to Raw format

text: I am trying to convert from EnCase to Raw format using instructions given on this page. The following takes place:               manu@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ ewfexport nps-2010-emails.E01      The program 'ewfexport' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:     sudo apt-get install ewf-tools     manu@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ sudo apt-get install ewf-tools     [sudo] password for manu:      Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     The following NEW packages will be installed:       ewf-tools     0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 503 not upgraded.     Need to get 162 kB of archives.     After this operation, 438 kB of additional disk space will be used.     Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/universe ewf-tools amd64 20100226-1build2 [162 kB]     Fetched 162 kB in 2s (65.7 kB/s)         Selecting previously unselected package ewf-tools.     (Reading database ... 158500 files and directories currently installed.)     Unpacking ewf-tools (from .../ewf-tools_20100226-1build2_amd64.deb) ...     Processing triggers for man-db ...     Setting up ewf-tools (20100226-1build2) ...     manu@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ ewfexport nps-2010-emails.E01      ewfexport 20100226 (libewf 20100226, libuna 20091031, libbfio 20091114, zlib 1.2.3.4, libcrypto 1.0.0, libuuid)          Information for export required, please provide the necessary input     Export to file format (raw, ewf, smart, ftk, encase1, encase2, encase3, encase4, encase5, encase6, linen5, linen6, ewfx) [raw]: raw     Target path and filename with extension or - for stdout: /user/manu/Downloads nps     Start export at offset (0 >= value >= 10485760) [0]: 0     Amount of bytes to export (0 >= value >= 10485760) [10485760]:           Export started at: Fri Jun 13 02:54:12 2014          This could take a while.          Unable to open output.     export_handle_open_output: unable to open file: /user/manu/Downloads nps.      I had to copy and paste from the terminal,as I am a newbie,I am not allowed to post more than two links or any pictures. This question is very important as it is required for the summer intern I am currently pursuing. Please help me to understand the intermediate prompt messages and to convert the file from **_EnCase_** to **_Raw_** format. The Digital Corpus (The EnCase file) is downloaded from Digital Corpora.


title: Launcher for a Python program that requires extra libraries

text: I'm trying to get a launcher working for the WikidPad (python) program.   I already have a python program, so I looked into the file `/usr/share/applications/taskcoach.desktop`. The exec line was simply `taskcoach.py`. But I cannot start WikidPad just typing "WikidPad.py", I have to write `python WikidPad.py`, then it starts correctly from the command line. So I made the `.desktop file` for wikidpad, in the exec line I wrote `python /home/abc/wikidpad/WikidPad.py`. But it seems that you have to be in the same directory in order to get correct results, otherwise there is the error `No module named pwiki.Enum`. So I changed the exec line into `cd /home/abc/wikidpad;python WikidPad.py`. But that did also not work, the error message was `cd could not be executed, file or directory not found`. If I want to execute a Linux command in a bash script and I get an error "command/file not found", I adjust the PATH variable or write the full path of the command. That normally helps. But in this case, `cd` is a built in bash command, and I cannot write `whereis cd` in order to get the full path of the command. I do not have any idea to get this going.


title: Patterns and file processing

text: Let's say I have to perform these actions from an input file:   * extract nth field from a line starting with a given pattern ( _in the exemple: 2nd field of the line starting with pattern 'name'_ )    * print the field content at the beginning of every following line, while the line does **not** start with the selected pattern    * when a new line matching the pattern is found, repeat step 1 and 2 I'm currently doing this using Python, but it would be better using something light and fast from command line (like awk, for exemple). Sample input               name    NAME_A     inf     field_A1     name    NAME_B      inf field_B1     inf field_B2      Expected output:               name    NAME_A     NAME_A  inf field_A1     name    NAME_B      NAME_B  inf field_B1     NAME_B  inf field_B2


title: Emacs slow loading time with AUCTeX on TeX files

text: I installed the `auctex` and `emacs` packages on two Xubuntu 14.04 computers, both of which have been working fine. Emacs itself works fine on both, but now with the `auctex` package installed, when I load a TeX file (even just an empty one) I have a six second loading time for `auctex`, wich I have to go through every time I load a TeX file. Is this normal? If not, what can I do to reduce this time? I've searched the internet and nothing has turned up, only the fact that file parsing might take a long time, but it doesn't as I've enabled the feature to save and load parse files. I am using Emacs 24 with AUCTeX 11.87 EDIT: The output of the `*messages*` buffer looks like this for a newly opened TeX file:               ("emacs" "hi.tex")     Loading 00debian-vars...done     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50auctex.el (source)...     Loading /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/auctex.el (source)...done     Loading /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/preview-latex.el (source)...done     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50auctex.el (source)...done     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50autoconf.el (source)...done     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50cmake-data.el (source)...done     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50dictionaries-common.el (source)...     Loading /var/cache/dictionaries-common/emacsen-ispell-dicts.el (source)...     Error while loading 50dictionaries-common: Symbol's value as variable is void: debian-aspell-only-dictionary-alist     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50latex-cjk-common.el (source)...     Loading cjk-enc...done     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50latex-cjk-common.el (source)...done     Loading /etc/emacs/site-start.d/50latex-cjk-thai.el (source)...done     For information about GNU Emacs and the GNU system, type C-h C-a.     (New file)     Applying style hooks... done     exchange-point-and-mark: No mark set in this buffer [6 times]     exchange-point-and-mark: No mark set in this buffer


title: 'last -d' is REALLY slow

text: I can run the command `last` (and `last -i`) in a fraction of a second, but when I run `last -d`, according to my tests, it takes a whopping 5 minutes and 22 seconds. Just for reference, this is what adding the `-d` flag does: > >        -d     For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of > the >               remote host but its IP number as well.  This  option > translates >               the IP number back into a hostname. >   There is no indication in the man pages that it should take that much extra amount of time. As it says, Linux stores the IP already, so it shouldn't have to do any sort of slow reverse-lookup of the IP based on the hostname on the spot. In addition, it is slow even when it is "looking up" that the hostname value of `:0` (a local login) should return the "IP address" value of `0.0.0.0`. Is the `-d` flag slow on all computers, or just mine? Could this indicate a corrupted file somewhere which may be inaccessible or difficult to read? _For reference, I am running **32-bit Ubuntu 13.10** (haven't upgraded yet)._


title: Why is the resolution fixed at 1024*786 on Linux Mint 14 Cinnamon?

text: I am newbie in Linux, I have installed Linux Mint 14 Cinnamon. After installation I just get a black screen. After I got recommendation to set `modeset i915.modeset=0` which gave me the display but with a fixed resolution of 1024*786. Then I ran the following command in terminal:               $ sudo lshw -class display     *-display:0 UNCLAIMED               description: VGA compatible controller            product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller            vendor: Intel Corporation            physical id: 2            bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0            version: 09            width: 64 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list            configuration: latency=0            resources: memory:d0000000-d03fffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:5140(size=8)       *-display:1 UNCLAIMED            description: Display controller            product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller            vendor: Intel Corporation            physical id: 2.1            bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1            version: 09            width: 64 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list            configuration: latency=0            resources: memory:d3400000-d34fffff      But I'm not able to figure how to change the resolution.


title: backup process taking prolonged time due to rsync no space left on device error

text: I am trying to understand why the backup process in one of the servers is taking so long and not copying the data correctly. This is the size of the external HDD partition.               df -h /dev/sdb1     Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on     /dev/sdb1             985G  362G  573G  39% /media/backup      The folder that I am trying to copy is lesser than the size of the external HDD partition.               df -h /dev/sda4     Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on     /dev/sda4             3.4T  867G  2.4T  27% /mounts      Everything just seemed fine. I started the backup process almost a week back and still it has not completed. I realized it might be an issue with the USB port speed but I was wrong. I also suspected it might be a corrupted file system that might be causing the error. I wanted to run `fsck` on the `/dev/sda4` file system. But when I checked some of the script output, I read some error messages as,               rsync: mkstemp "/media/backup/2014-06-18_09-36/mounts/ no space left on device (28)      From here, I read that 5% of the disk space would be allocated for root file system. I do not understand if that is related to my problem. Also, from here, I read the inode size cannot be greater than 2 GB. I believe it should be something that I investigate. But am not sure if that is the problem though. I would appreciate more pointers towards the right direction. **EDIT:** The output of `df -i` command is as below.               df -i /dev/sdb1     /dev/sdb1            65544192 65279823  264369  100% /media/backup     df -i /dev/sda4     Filesystem            Inodes   IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on     /dev/sda4            229957632 171244050 58713582   75% /mounts


title: Arch Linux steam installation failed due to signature error

text: I'm trying to install steam on my Arch and pacman said it can't install and showed the following error               error: steam: signature from "Daniel Wallace <danielwallace@gtmanfred.com>" is invalid     error: failed to commit transaction (invalid or corrupted package (PGP signature))     Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.      I also did               pacman -Syu archlinux-keyring      as suggested in ArchLinux failed to install libproxy for invalid signature


title: Tools to find OpenVPN UDP packet corruption

text: Are there Unix tools to troubleshoot UDP packet corruption? I'd like to avoid writing my own... I think ping might report when a packet is corrupted, but it doesn't really seem to have options targeting corruption. I guess I'd like to find the BER and also—if possible—where in the path its occurring. _(Background: I have three OpenVPN VPNs (all in UDP mode, using certificates) running between two Linux machines, over different ISPs. One of the VPNs occasionally spits out "Authenticate/Decrypt packet error: packet HMAC authentication failed", which I believe means either that one of the VPN packets was corrupted in transit, or alternatively someone spewed random junk to the OpenVPN port. I'm guessing corruption, as it occurs mainly during a bulk transfer at night.)_


title: Is it possible to use indirection for setting variables?

text: E.g. next script will print `Hello` due to `${!` rule.               A=B     B=Hello     echo ${!A}      But how can I **set** value to variable with indirect name? Straightforward use of `!` sign doesn't work:               A=B     !A=Hello # here is tricky line     echo $B      I know there is a trick with using temp file, but I'm interested in using indirection, not something like               A=B     echo "$A=Hello" > 1.tmp     . 1.tmp     echo $B


title: Password-Less SSH Login not working

text: I create a SSH Key file on Server A using RSA method               ssh-keygen -t rsa     Generating public/private rsa key pair.     Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):      Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):      Enter same passphrase again:      Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.     Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.     The key fingerprint is:     5d:54:2e:2e:ef:cd:97:55:c6:c4:e0:6c:85:fa:ba:48 oracle@ServerA      Then i transfer the _id_rsa.pub_ file on ServerB and changed the name _id_rsa.pub_ to **authorized_keys** Then from ServerA i tried to SSH to ServerB but its still asking for password. Here is the dubug output of SSH               OpenSSH_4.3p2, OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config     debug1: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Connecting to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx [xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ] port 15000.     debug1: Connection established.     debug1: identity file /home/oracle/.ssh/identity type -1     debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.     debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN'     debug3: key_read: missing keytype     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug3: key_read: missing whitespace     debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END'     debug3: key_read: missing keytype     debug1: identity file /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa type 1     debug1: identity file /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa type -1     debug1: loaded 3 keys     debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_3.9p1     debug1: match: OpenSSH_3.9p1 pat OpenSSH_3.*     debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0     debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.3     debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: mac_init: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug2: mac_init: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP     debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 127/256     debug2: bits set: 491/1024     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY     debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts     debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1     debug1: Host 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx' is known and matches the RSA host key.     debug1: Found key in /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts:1     debug2: bits set: 508/1024     debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct     debug2: kex_derive_keys     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent     debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received     debug2: key: /home/oracle/.ssh/identity ((nil))     debug2: key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa (0x2b42c2acac50)     debug2: key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password     debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password     debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey     debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey     debug1: Next authentication method: publickey     debug1: Trying private key: /home/oracle/.ssh/identity     debug3: no such identity: /home/oracle/.ssh/identity     debug1: Offering public key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa     debug3: send_pubkey_test     debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password     debug1: Trying private key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup password     debug3: remaining preferred: ,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password     debug1: Next authentication method: password      Contents of ServerA /etc/ssh/sshd_config file               #       $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.73 2005/12/06 22:38:28 reyk Exp $          # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See     # sshd_config(5) for more information.          # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin          # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with     # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where     # possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options change a     # default value.          Port 15000     #Protocol 2,1     Protocol 2     #AddressFamily any     #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0     #ListenAddress ::          # HostKey for protocol version 1     #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key     # HostKeys for protocol version 2     #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key     #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key          # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key     #KeyRegenerationInterval 1h     #ServerKeyBits 768          # Logging     # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging     #SyslogFacility AUTH     SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV     #LogLevel INFO          # Authentication:          LoginGraceTime 2m     PermitRootLogin no     #StrictModes yes     MaxAuthTries 6          RSAAuthentication yes     PubkeyAuthentication yes     AuthorizedKeysFile      .ssh/authorized_keys          # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts     #RhostsRSAAuthentication no     # similar for protocol version 2     #HostbasedAuthentication no     # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for     # RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication     #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no     # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files     #IgnoreRhosts yes          # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!     #PasswordAuthentication yes     #PermitEmptyPasswords no     PasswordAuthentication yes          # Change to no to disable s/key passwords     #ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes     ChallengeResponseAuthentication no          # Kerberos options     #KerberosAuthentication no     #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes     #KerberosTicketCleanup yes     #KerberosGetAFSToken no          # GSSAPI options     #GSSAPIAuthentication no     GSSAPIAuthentication no     #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes     GSSAPICleanupCredentials no     # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,      # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will      # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication mechanism.      # Depending on your PAM configuration, this may bypass the setting of      # PasswordAuthentication, PermitEmptyPasswords, and      # "PermitRootLogin without-password". If you just want the PAM account and      # session checks to run without PAM authentication, then enable this but set      # ChallengeResponseAuthentication=no     #UsePAM no     UsePAM yes          # Accept locale-related environment variables     AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES      AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT      AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL     #AllowTcpForwarding yes     #GatewayPorts no     #X11Forwarding no     X11Forwarding yes     #X11DisplayOffset 10     #X11UseLocalhost yes     #PrintMotd yes     #PrintLastLog yes     #TCPKeepAlive yes     #UseLogin no     #UsePrivilegeSeparation yes     #PermitUserEnvironment no     #Compression delayed     #ClientAliveInterval 0     #ClientAliveCountMax 3     #ShowPatchLevel no     #UseDNS yes     #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid     #MaxStartups 10     #PermitTunnel no     #ChrootDirectory none          # no default banner path     #Banner /some/path          # override default of no subsystems     Subsystem       sftp    /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server      Please note Server A OS is 5.* Redhat and ServerB OS is ancient its **Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 7)** # Test 1               OpenSSH_4.3p2, OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config     debug1: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Connecting to ServerB [ServerB] port 22.     debug1: Connection established.     debug1: identity file /home/oracle/.ssh/identity type 0     debug1: identity file /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa type -1     debug1: loaded 3 keys     debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_3.9p1     debug1: match: OpenSSH_3.9p1 pat OpenSSH_3.*     debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0     debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.3     debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: mac_init: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug2: mac_init: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP     debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 141/256     debug2: bits set: 525/1024     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY     debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts     debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1     debug1: Host '172.16.1.1' is known and matches the RSA host key.     debug1: Found key in /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts:1     debug2: bits set: 497/1024     debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct     debug2: kex_derive_keys     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent     debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received     debug2: key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil))     debug2: key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password     debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password     debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey     debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey     debug1: Next authentication method: publickey     debug1: Trying private key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa     debug1: Trying private key: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup password     debug3: remaining preferred: ,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password     debug1: Next authentication method: password


title: What priority should I give to a script running on startup?

text: I 'm running Angstrom distribution on an embedded device. I want to make use of its GPIO expansion ports, that are set to be high on start-up. Below, is the code segment, that releases an expansion port.               #!/bin/sh          cleanup() { # Release the GPIO port       echo 133 > /sys/class/gpio/unexport       exit     }      I 'm thinking of running this script on startup, using `update-rc.d name_of_script default`. **_My question is:_** What priority should I give in order to ensure that GPIO ports won't get high on startup? I assume that there is a script responsible for GPIO ports getting high. If this is true, I could instead, disable it from running on startup. _For any additional inforamtion (e.g. contents of`/etc/init.d`), please let me know._


title: Killing subprocesses after the script has finished or is killed

text: Say I have a script like the following               #!/usr/bin/env zsh     ./subscript.sh &     # do stuff     ...     # do more stuff      I would like the process running `subscript.sh` (and any processes initiated by it) to be fully terminated whenever:   1. The script above exits   2. The script above is killed for any reason. How can I enforce the above? Is this automatically taken care of by the shell?


title: How can I force my wifi to connect to a G-band channel?

text: I'm trying to debug a buggy wireless card and would like to force my Linux computer to connect using one of the g-band channels. How can I achieve this?


title: Is copying the root folder an adequate form of backup?

text: I am working in a small organization with about 8 or so Linux independent servers. While we currently do remote backups among the machines, I was told to make an "emergency backup" of the machines to an external drive. Here is my current plan:   * Mount the drive to one of the servers   * `tar` and compress the contents of the root folder   * Use `rsync` and `ssh` to transfer the tarball. The backup need not be "conservative." It is only about 500GB of data on a 2TB drive. Does this constitute an adequate backup plan given the conditions?


title: problems using slime on emacs24

text: I install slime through ELPA. Here is what my .emacs file looks like:               (setq inferior-lisp-program "sbcl --noinform")     (add-to-list 'load-path "~/slime/")      (require 'slime)     (slime-setup)     (setq package-archives '(("gnu" . "http://elpa.gnu.org/packages/")                              ("marmalade" . "http://marmalade-repo.org/packages/")                              ("melpa" . "http://melpa.milkbox.net/packages/")))      I get the following error when I start emacs: > Warning (initialization): An error occurred while loading > `/home/name/.emacs': > > File error: Cannot open load file, slime > > To ensure normal operation, you should investigate and remove the cause of > the error in your initialization file. Start Emacs with the `--debug-init' > option to view a complete error backtrace. When I debug:               Debugger entered--Lisp error: (file-error "Cannot open load file" "slime")       require(slime)       eval-buffer(#<buffer  *load*> nil "/home/name/.emacs" nil t)  ; Reading at buffer position 91       load-with-code-conversion("/home/name/.emacs" "/home/name/.emacs" t t)       load("~/.emacs" t t)       #[0 "\205\262      When I visit ~/.emacs.d/elpa/slime-20130308.1112, slime.el is clearly there. Other people online seem to be having issues too. If I cannot get it to work with emacs24, how can I setup a slime environment for common lisp?


title: USB key not responding when inserted

text: I just attempted to create a USB key for Chrome OS. I followed the instructions found here. This is what I did: 1- Downloaded a `.zip` version of the build. 2- Extracted the `.zip` file which gave me a `.img` file. 3- Tried to burn the `.img` file to the USB key with the following command:               dd if=ChromeOS-Vanilla-3812.0.2013_03_08_1632-r10c5647c.img of=/dev/sdc1 bs=4M      4- That gave me a _Permission denied_ error so I tried:               sudo dd if=ChromeOS-Vanilla-3812.0.2013_03_08_1632-r10c5647c.img of=/dev/sdc1 bs=4M      which seemed to work (at least it ended with a message that ~2.5Gb had been copied to the device) But now if I insert the USB key the system does not recognize it anymore. I tried booting my laptop with that USB inserted but it did not pick it up either. Did I just destroy my 16Gb USB key?? Cheers. * * * Update: the _Disk_ utility does recognize when the device is inserted. I tried to format the USB key with this app but got the error:               Error synchronizing after initial wipe: Timed out waiting for object (udisks-error-quark, 0)      * * * Update 2: `fdisk` apparently also recognizes the device. The command `sudo fdisk -l` returns:               Dispositivo Inicio    Comienzo      Fin      Bloques  Id  Sistema     /dev/sdc1   *          32    31270911    15635440    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)      (my system is in Spanish)


title: Is is ok to run multiple PHP Websockets using 1 machine?

text: I am using Debian LAMP Server and I need to run PHP Websockets with very simple coding. Will need at least five different WebSockets running with same IP different ports but as you know this things use a 1s looping. I ran one using `Alt`+`F1`, another at `Alt`+`F2` and another one at `Alt`+`F3`; and they all seem to work ok. Is it Ok to use one machine to do this, or is that not recommendable at all? I am expecting around 100 connections on each one.


title: Not able to download the content of the web site

text: I'm using Ubuntu 13.04. I opened this website in my browser. The site starts downloading and displaying previews of a book on the same page. I'd like to download the book displayed on the page to my system's hard drive. If I use `wget`, it's downloading only the page but not the book. Here's the command I'm trying, please check for clarity by opening the URL in browser and then using `wget`.               $ wget http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0072520426/ref=sib_dp_ptu#reader-link      When you open via a web browser, the book will start downloading and displaying on the page. How can I download the book to my hard disk. There are no options on the page for downloading either.


title: Why are tar archive formats switching to xz compression to replace bzip2 and what about gzip?

text: More and more `tar` archives use the `xz` format based on LZMA2 for compression instead of the traditional `bzip2(bz2)` compression. In fact _kernel.org_ made a late " _Good-bye bzip2_ " announcement, 27th Dec. 2013, indicating kernel sources would from this point on be released in both tar.gz and tar.xz format - and on the main page of the website what's directly offered is in `tar.xz`. Are there any specific reasons explaining why this is happening and what is the relevance of `gzip` in this context?


title: Print out file structure on Unix

text: Is there a way on unix to print out the file structure, like Bootstrap's getting started page?               bootstrap/     ├── css/     │   ├── bootstrap.css     │   ├── bootstrap.min.css     │   ├── bootstrap-theme.css     │   ├── bootstrap-theme.min.css     ├── js/     │   ├── bootstrap.js     │   ├── bootstrap.min.js     └── fonts/         ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot         ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg         ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf         └── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff      (from http://getbootstrap.com/getting-started/#whats-included) Is there a command to make it print out exactly like that?


title: xrandr call makes it forget about secondary display

text: # In short I have a laptop with an external DVI display which is hooked up to its Display Port (via adapter). When I rotate the internal screen using `xrandr`, it will forget about the secondary display. Calling `xrandr` multiple times does not have any effect. I have to power off the external display, wait for a while, call `xrandr` again and it finds the display. # The details I use Kubuntu 13.10 with Awesome WM instead of the regular KWin Windows Manager. Therefore, there are already two systems which do stuff with displays. The laptop is a ThinkPad X220 Tablet, which has a Display Port on the device itself, and another one on the UltraBase docking station, which I use currently. The display is a Samsung SyncMaster 2443BW with a DVI to Display Port adapter. Then, I use my own think-rotate to rotate the internal (`LVDS1`) screen when I rotate the _physical_ display (via ACPI hook). Said script uses `xrandr` to rotate the screen. When I call `think-rotate`, it will glitch and give me the following `xrandr` output afterwards:               Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767     LVDS1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 277mm x 156mm        1366x768       60.0*+        1360x768       59.8     60.0          1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        59.9       VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)      You see, that the `HDMI2` is completely missing. After letting all the power drain from the external display, calling `xrandr` again gave me the screen back and the following output:               Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767     LVDS1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 277mm x 156mm        1366x768       60.0*+        1360x768       59.8     60.0          1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        59.9       VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI2 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)        1920x1200      60.0 +        1600x1200      60.0          1280x1024      60.0          1280x960       60.0          1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        60.0       HDMI3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)      I looked into the `/var/log/syslog` and found the following within the debug output of the `think-rotate` script:               Jan  6 20:20:26 Martin-X220 colord: device removed: xrandr-Samsung Electric Company-SyncMaster-H9XS113172     Jan  6 20:20:26 Martin-X220 colord: Device added: xrandr-Samsung Electric Company-SyncMaster-H9XS113172      How can I triage this issue? I got other DVI and VGA displays around, I got another Display Port on the ThinkPad itself. I assume that the problem is the interaction between something in KDE, Awesome WM (which reloads its config on every display change) and my `xrandr` calls. # Follow-up ## Without Awesome WM, plain KDE with KWin I just started KDE without Awesome WM. It did not only forget about the external display when I rotated, but it also caused severe compositing glitches. I found that `think-rotate` is called twice by the ACPI hook, so I am currently implementing a guard against that. Running it twice simultaneously might be the cause of the glitches. The forgetting about the display is caused when I call `think-rotate` manually, so that is not caused by running it twice. ## Without KDE, plain Awesome WM Now I am just with Awesome WM, no KDE started. There is no problem. I saw here that it is called twice and work on that guard. It is called twice, but runs only one now. Apparently, the issue does not persist here. Although I do not like to admit, but with the information I currently have, KDE seems to cause the issue. ### Update 2014-01-06 21:37+0100 Well, it seems like rotation works without problems with plain Awesome WM. When I put it onto the docking station, it does not see the external display right away. I have to power it off and call `xrandr` manually to get it working. ### Update 2014-01-21 21:53+0100 I tried another DVI display, and I did not have any problems with it. When I go back to my Samsung SyncMaster, I get the issue again. Awesome WM alone caused problems, KDE with Awesome WM causes problems as well. It is still broken! ### Update 2014-03-10 18:17+0100 The issue persists. I used a VGA cable to test it, and that did not appear to have the issue. My current workaround is to switch off the display, call `xrandr` and then turn it on again. Maybe Ubuntu 14.04 will fix that issue.


title: Which device to install the bootloader should I choose?

text: I have an Acer Aspire E1 with Windows 8.1 installed from factory. I need to install in dualboot the Linux Mint without formatting the computer and safely. I kept the UEFI and deactivated the secureboot, and liberated 80GB from Windows. However, I am in doubt on one of the installation steps. Which device should I install the bootloader? The options are:   * /dev/sda   * /dev/sda1    * /dev/sda2   * /dev/sda3    * /dev/sda4    * /dev/sda5 In the table above, have the following:   * /dev/sda1 | ntfs | 419mb total | 288MB used    * /dev/sda2 | efi | 314mb total | 52mb used.    * Windows is in / dev/sda4    * Free space (not inform the sda), is where I want to install Mint    * /dev/sda5 | 18.533mb total | 15.586mb used    * Free Space | 0mb total


title: Why would alsa sound pop, crackle and be generally too distorted to listen to?

text: I've been having a weird issue with Alsa recently. For some reason all sounds are really distorted and no matter what application I use, I won't get anything clear out of it. I've tried Tomahawk, Spotify, Youtube and local files played via VLC, and all of them output the same distorted noise. It's impossible to listen to music with all the popping and crackling. Also if I pause the music playing it'll lag behind and won't stop before seconds later. Youtube does surprisingly output the best results and I can actually hear what song it is, but it's still too bad for listening and would obviously not be a fix to just use that. I have a MSI Z97 MPower motherboard (which I believe uses Intel HDA for sound) and a i5 4670k. I use a headset, the Sennheiser PC350. No other sound devices are connected but the headset. The distro I use is Arch. What could cause an issue like this?


title: How can I grep for broken HTML tags?

text: I want to grep through all my HTML files and see if I have any bad tags there, example `<br>` , `<hr>` and so on, that is the I want to see what tags are not closed in the HTML file.               for htmlFile in `ls -f *.html ` ; do             if `cat $htmlFile | grep -inE "\<br\>"` ; then                echo "In file $htmlFile there are errors on the following lines: "  >> ~/Desktop/$1_errors.txt                cat $htmlFile | grep -in "<br>"| cut -d ":" -f1 >> ~/Desktop/$1_errors.txt                echo "----------------------------------------" >> ~/Desktop/$1_errors.txt            fi     done      But I get an error, I am suspect its my regex.               ./script.sh: line 14: 10:<BR: command not found      That is one of the error I get :)


title: Is there are any documentation about user-defined menu in midnight-commander?

text: I'd like to create my own user-defined menu for mc ( **menu** file). I see some lines like               + t r & ! t t      or               + t t      What does it mean?


title: How to create a bash command which creates output that exactly mimics a source text file that can be pasted into bash shell where histexpand is on?

text: The goal is to create a bash one line command that can be copied and pasted - for instance published on a web forum - and then patches files. See it as a way to distribute a patch file by copy and paste it to the command line. On the source system:   1. a patch file is used as input,   2. and another bash command should be used to create the ouput. Currently this is done via:               $ oldifs=$IFS;printf '\n{ ';while IFS= read -r p;do printf 'echo %q; ' "$p";done < custom.patch;printf ' }\n\n';IFS=$oldifs      That creates output like:               {      ...     echo \ //=\ require\ xyz.js;      echo @@\ -81\,7\ +80\,6\ @@;      echo $' \t\t\tchild.currentlyBackingUp = $(\'.dashboard-currently-backing-up\', element).dashboardBackup({type: this.type});';      ...      }      This can be used as input in a one line patch command on the target system like:               patch < { echo \ //=\ require\ xyz.js; echo @@\ -81\,7\ +80\,6\ @@; ... }      So far so good, until the source patch file contains a bang (`!`) character. Then the `printf` creates escaped output like:               echo $' \t\t\tif (!cp.user.isMyUserQueryLimited()) {';      echo $'-\t\t\t\tif (ui.tab.name === "map-tab" && !serverEnv.queryLimited) {';      echo $' \t\t\t\tif (!hosted) {';      When pasting such a line to a bash command line, it results in:               #-bash: !cp.user.isMyUserQueryLimited: event not found      How to programmatically create text stream data using a **bash** command that can be copied and pasted, that outputs a stream of text data, by a command that can be pasted into another bash command prompt where history expansion is enabled (histexpand = on)?


title: Customize ebuild in Gentoo within the portage tree

text: How can I customize an ebuild in Gentoo without maintaining a customized package in own overlay? The case is that I need to mark compiled binaries with `paxctl`. But there are about 100 of such packages and I don't want to watch for updates by myself in local overlay. Portage ebuilds aren't compiled without such marking. Now I have to change their compile flags in `/etc/portage/package.env` directory. PAX-marking is a better solution but I don't know how to do that in Gentoo within the portage tree.


title: How can I move the entire OS to a different server?

text: I want to install RhodeCode on a test server at work. However, the internet access is restricted for that server, and RhodeCode has a lot of dependencies (I don't even have Python on that server). So I have to take a snapshot of the entire OS from the server, restore it in a virtual machine at home, install RhodeCode and everything else required, then copy it back at work - I already have some apps on the server, and I would like to avoid reinstalling them. The first solution would be to take the HDD home (yes, I can do it, but I would like to avoid it). The second solution would be to use Clonezilla and backup/restore the partitions. However, is there another way to do it, using tar or something like it, while preserving the permissions and ACLs? **Update:** Due to limited hardware resources I can't use VMware (or an equivalent) to run a virtual machine with RhodeCode. A solution that is filesystem independent would be great, so I can use ext3 in the virtual machine.


title: Tab-completion for Mercurial in Bash?

text: Using Subversion on the command-line, it intelligently tab-completes available subcommands, etc:               $ svn c<tab>     cat         checkout    cl          co          copy             changelist  ci          cleanup     commit      cp        Mercurial, on the other hand, doesn't seem to have tab-completion, at least out of the box:               $ hg c<tab>      [nothing happens]      Is Bash completion for Mercurial available at all? What's the simplest way to get it working? I'm on Ubuntu 11.04.


title: Clear / erase a mistyped password in a terminal

text: One thing that annoys me using Linux's terminal is when I have to type a invisble password, like when you run ssh the terminal I was wondering if there's a way to clear/erase the invisible password without relying on backspace or pressing enter key to try again


title: Openbox menu.xml: keyboard accelerators possible?

text: I like the right-click menu of Openbox. I've customized things to bring it up by means of the keyboard as well:               <keybind key="W-space">       <action name="ShowMenu">         <menu>root-menu</menu>       </action>     </keybind>      Now, I want to know if it's possible to have keyboard accelerators (as described here) so that, with reference to the image, I could, for instance, press `u` to _reconfigure_ Openbox.        ![Openbox right-click menu](http://i.stack.imgur.com/CwQIb.png)


title: Replace one line with STDIN in a Makefile

text: One Makefile target is supposed to be in charge of:   * grabbing the output of `$ perl Markdown.pl src/index.md` (markdown to html)   * using that string to replace one line, something like `CONTENT` originating in the file src/template.html. There's no other line with that row in template.html. What's an elegant way to achieve this?


title: Is my SSD okay?:

text: `iostat -xk 5` shows this:                          1.31   10.63    3.99   14.21    0.00   69.86          Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await  svctm  %util     sda            2942.00   497.40 1755.00  414.60 19107.20  3695.20    21.02    86.19   41.18   0.40  86.96     sdb              62.40   519.00  137.40   73.00  2459.20  2372.00    45.92     1.04    4.95   2.03  42.72          avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle                2.54   10.23    4.90   14.27    0.00   68.05          Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await  svctm  %util     sda            8936.80   395.00 2752.80    4.00 48004.80  1596.00    35.98     3.90    1.41   0.30  83.70     sdb             393.40   491.00  238.80   76.00  4984.80  2268.00    46.08     4.65   14.79   1.52  48.00      What does `await 14.79` mean? Is the unit milliseconds, seconds or something else?   What does `svctime` mean? Is the unit milliseconds, seconds or something else?


title: What does "INFO: task XXX blocked for more than 120 seconds" exactly mean on Linux?

text: I had this message in my kernel log : `INFO: task XXX blocked for more than 120 seconds`. I would like to know what it means technically: **under what conditions does the kernel display this message about a task?** For the record, my blocked task was `multipathd`, but I'm also interested in the general meaning of this error.


title: Experiencing problems with KDE after an upgrade

text: After an upgrade of KDE I am experiencing problems. A lot of problems.   1. "Konsole" doesn't starts at all! (I have to switch to a console with ctrl+alt+Fx login with username, export DISPLAY=:0 and start "Konsole"). The worst is that the process start already "zombie" which is not very good!   2. It's not only konsole that I cannot launch. It is even dolphin and many more applications.    3. google-chrome starts but it takes eternity! Then when I try to download anything the download doesn't start! Internally google-chrome put the download on queue (it is not visible on "Downloads" page) but it never starts.   4. Application launcher menu takes ages to show up. Anyone have any clue on these problems? My distro is gentoo. If you need more details ask and I'll give. EDIT: i forgot to say that if i launch application with root privileges, everything work fine.


title: Get exit status of process that's piped to another

text: I have two processes `foo` and `bar`, connected with a pipe:               $ foo | bar      `bar` always exits 0; I'm interested in the exit code of `foo`. Is there any way to get at it?


title: returncode of command in a pipline

text: The following script runs on Solaris using _/bin/ksh_ and on Linux using _/bin/sh_               cmd | tee -a  cmd.log | tail     exit $?      The output of _cmd_ is saved in a file _cmd.log_ and the last lines are displayed on `stdout`. The purpose of `exit $?` was to exit the script with the return code of _cmd_. Of course this does not work because `$?` holds the return code of the last command in the pipeline which is `tail`. Workaround (I will omit all cleanup activities) :               { cmd;  echo $? >  error.file; } | tee -a  cmd.log | tail     exit `cat error.file`      But is there another way to get the returncode of _cmd_ and to avoid the creation of a file like _error.file_?


title: how to get exit status from the command before the last

text: I have solaris machine ( solaris 10 ) please Look on the following simple commands (haconf -makerw | grep -iq "Cluster already writable")                   # haconf -makerw            VCS WARNING V-16-1-10364 Cluster already writable.                   haconf -makerw | grep -iq "Cluster already writable"         # echo $?         0      I get exit status 0 from grep , and this is right ( because we get the exe status always the last command ) but my question is: how to get the exit status ( $? ) from the command **haconf -makerw** in place of grep? or what need to add in to my syntax in order to understand if haconf -makerw succeeded ?                   haconf -makerw | grep -iq "Cluster already writable"         # echo $? ( will print the exe status from haconf -makerw  )


title: Check for failure of piped command

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Get exit code of process that's piped to another If I pipe the output of one command into another, is there a way for me to check explicitly whether the first command failed? For example, if `prog` processes a file and outputs to STDOUT:               prog file1 | cmp - file2      is there a way to check if `prog` explicitly failed or succeeded (by return code)? I want to avoid the use of temporary files, and don't want to rely on the output of the second command; so, for the example above, I want to avoid examining the output of `cmp` to determine if `prog` failed (if there is no affirmative answer to my question, I'll just fall back to doing precisely that).


title: How can I pipe output to another process, but retain the error state of the first process?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Get exit code of process that's piped to another I am using the following command line (in a makefile) to pipe the verbose error messages from my compiler through a perl script that simplifies them into something human-readable:               g++ -c source.cpp -o source.o 2>&1 | perl /bin/gSTLFilt.pl      Unfortunately, this approach "masks" the error value returned by the `g++` command. make has no idea that the `g++` command has failed, because all it gets back is the error result from the `perl` command. Is there a way to pipe the output, and still retain the original error condition? In case it makes a difference: I am using GNU Make 3.81 and g++ (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3) in an MSYS console running GNU bash, version 2.04.0(1)-release (i686-pc-msys) on Windows XP.


title: Test execution output of a command before a pipe

text: I would like to test the execution of a php script that redirect its stdout and stderr to a file with `tee`.               php /path/to/script --param 2>&1 | tee -a  /path/to/log     if ( test $? -ne 0 ); then         exit 2     fi      The last code tests the execution of the `tee -a` even if the php ocmmand fails. How can I exploit `$?` or something similar to test the php script not the whole line ?


title: Recover data from a BTRFS RAID5

text: I have a BTRFS RAID5 setup (no mdadm) with four disks (the fifth failed). Now I am trying to recover the files but as soon as I try to rsync the files over to another disk, the system hangs after copying the first file. The strange thing is the "sending file list" works as expected but then it locks up. I'm using Antergos (Arch Linux) with the most recent stable kernel. I also tried to rebuild the array: instant lockup. Tried to remove the missing device and rebuild: same result. Is there any way to recover the data?


title: How do I split a flac with a cue?

text: I've got a full album flac, and a cue file for it. How can I split this into a flac per track. I'm a KDE user, so I would prefer a KDE/QT way, I would like to see command line and other gui answer's as well, but they are not my preferred method.


title: how to use & for sudo

text: I know if I put `&` at the end of application at the terminal, it will run in the background and terminal still can receive commands, for example:               howchen@host:~     -> cutecom&     [1] 17269     howchen@host:~      it can pop up `cutecom` application. However, I need run this application with root, I can NOT input as:               howchen@host:~     -> su cutecom&      if I never run some applications with `su` before, it will output like:               howchen@host:~     -> su cutecom&     [1] 17404     howchen@host:~     -> No passwd entry for user 'cutecom'


title: GRUB doesn't have the timeout anymore

text: I noticed this first when I removed the i386 kernel and left in place the amd64, so I installed the i386 kernel again, still doesn't work. Nothing explain why I need to select the boot option if I have the `GRUB_TIMEOUT` option set in the grub configuration file:               ➜  ~  grep -v '#' /etc/default/grub      GRUB_DEFAULT=0     GRUB_TIMEOUT=5     GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`     GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"     GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="initrd=/install/initrd.gz"      grub.cfg               ➜  ~  cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg      #     # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE     #     # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates     # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub     #          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###     if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then       set have_grubenv=true       load_env     fi     set default="0"          if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then       menuentry_id_option="--id"     else       menuentry_id_option=""     fi          export menuentry_id_option          if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then       set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"       save_env saved_entry       set prev_saved_entry=       save_env prev_saved_entry       set boot_once=true     fi          function savedefault {       if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then         saved_entry="${chosen}"         save_env saved_entry       fi     }     function load_video {       if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then         insmod all_video       else         insmod efi_gop         insmod efi_uga         insmod ieee1275_fb         insmod vbe         insmod vga         insmod video_bochs         insmod video_cirrus       fi     }          if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then        font=unicode     else     insmod part_msdos     insmod ext2     set root='hd1,msdos7'     if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos7 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos7 --hint='hd1,msdos7'  cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773     else       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773     fi         font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"     fi          if loadfont $font ; then       set gfxmode=auto       load_video       insmod gfxterm       set locale_dir=$prefix/locale       set lang=en_US       insmod gettext     fi     terminal_output gfxterm     if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then       set timeout=-1     else       set timeout=5     fi     ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###     insmod part_msdos     insmod ext2     set root='hd1,msdos8'     if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos8 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos8 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos8 --hint='hd1,msdos8'  0cef2d59-21ca-4ba2-a9b2-0b9ef1f42589     else       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0cef2d59-21ca-4ba2-a9b2-0b9ef1f42589     fi     insmod png     if background_image /braiam/.cache/gnome-control-center/backgrounds/14fb12e1345ca2dfd3807e7f7b1122b0d6015d9453ed5742de72b988a9cffded; then       set color_normal=white/black       set color_highlight=black/white     else       set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue       set menu_color_highlight=white/blue     fi     ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###     function gfxmode {         set gfxpayload="${1}"     }     set linux_gfx_mode=     export linux_gfx_mode     menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773' {         load_video         insmod gzio         insmod part_msdos         insmod ext2         set root='hd1,msdos5'         if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         else           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         fi         echo    'Loading Linux 3.13-1-amd64 ...'         linux   /vmlinuz-3.13-1-amd64 root=UUID=cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773 ro initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet         echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'         initrd  /initrd.img-3.13-1-amd64     }     submenu 'Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773' {         menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.13-1-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13-1-amd64-advanced-cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773' {             load_video             insmod gzio             insmod part_msdos             insmod ext2             set root='hd1,msdos5'             if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             else               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             fi             echo    'Loading Linux 3.13-1-amd64 ...'             linux   /vmlinuz-3.13-1-amd64 root=UUID=cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773 ro initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet             echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'             initrd  /initrd.img-3.13-1-amd64         }         menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.13-1-amd64 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13-1-amd64-recovery-cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773' {             load_video             insmod gzio             insmod part_msdos             insmod ext2             set root='hd1,msdos5'             if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             else               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             fi             echo    'Loading Linux 3.13-1-amd64 ...'             linux   /vmlinuz-3.13-1-amd64 root=UUID=cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773 ro single initrd=/install/initrd.gz             echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'             initrd  /initrd.img-3.13-1-amd64         }         menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.12-1-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.12-1-amd64-advanced-cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773' {             load_video             insmod gzio             insmod part_msdos             insmod ext2             set root='hd1,msdos5'             if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             else               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             fi             echo    'Loading Linux 3.12-1-amd64 ...'             linux   /vmlinuz-3.12-1-amd64 root=UUID=cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773 ro initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet             echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'             initrd  /initrd.img-3.12-1-amd64         }         menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.12-1-amd64 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.12-1-amd64-recovery-cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773' {             load_video             insmod gzio             insmod part_msdos             insmod ext2             set root='hd1,msdos5'             if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             else               search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f             fi             echo    'Loading Linux 3.12-1-amd64 ...'             linux   /vmlinuz-3.12-1-amd64 root=UUID=cead26d6-08f4-4894-ac78-a9a4ce59f773 ro single initrd=/install/initrd.gz             echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'             initrd  /initrd.img-3.12-1-amd64         }     }          ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###          ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###     menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {         insmod part_msdos         insmod ext2         set root='hd1,msdos5'         if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         else           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         fi         linux16 /memtest86+.bin     }     menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {         insmod part_msdos         insmod ext2         set root='hd1,msdos5'         if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         else           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         fi         linux16 /memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8     }     menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, experimental multiboot)" {         insmod part_msdos         insmod ext2         set root='hd1,msdos5'         if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         else           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         fi         multiboot   /memtest86+_multiboot.bin     }     menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200, experimental multiboot)" {         insmod part_msdos         insmod ext2         set root='hd1,msdos5'         if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 --hint='hd1,msdos5'  279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         else           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f         fi         multiboot   /memtest86+_multiboot.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8     }     ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###     menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-AA64B45A64B42AC9' {         insmod part_msdos         insmod ntfs         set root='hd1,msdos1'         if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd1,msdos1'  AA64B45A64B42AC9         else           search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root AA64B45A64B42AC9         fi         chainloader +1     }     ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###     ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###     # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the     # menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change     # the 'exec tail' line above.     ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###          ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###     if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then       source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg     elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then       source $prefix/custom.cfg;     fi     ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###      I tried purging grub, removing the grub.cfg file, changing the `GRUB_DEFAULT=0` and nothing improved.


title: Test if number from range <0,infinity)

text: I have a problem               If [[ * ]]     then     continue          else     exit 1     fi      I want to test that the argument to my switch (for example `-d 3`) is a valid positive decimal integer number (a sequence of one or more of any of the ASCII characters from `0` to `9`). After `-d` there can be only be a number `[0,infinity)`. Everything else is bad. I do not know what to put instead of `*`. Can you help me ? Argument after `-d` is at `$2` position.


title: Why are there so many loopback addresses?

text: From my understanding, all IP addresses of the form 127.x.y.z are loopback addresses. Now that seems to be quite a waste to me; indeed, already more than one address seems like a waste. Is there any use in having so many loopback addresses?


title: Delete all but largest file in multiple directories

text: I have multiple subdirectories in `/home/usr/ProjZ/programs/` that each contain multiple (or one) `.js` files. What I need to do is delete all but the largest `.js` file, if the subdirectory contains multiple files, or do nothing if the subdirectory only contains one `.js` file. How can I go about doing this?


title: How can I limit wine's permissions?

text: I don't want wine to:   * have access to the network (extra: separately defined access control per program that uses wine to start)   * have access to the main users files (run wine as different user??) How can I do this? Are there any solutions? (Using Ubuntu 11.04)


title: Centos 5.3 - Need to use 4 com ports without resource conflicts (system has 6 com ports)

text: we hope to use 4 serial ports together on Centos 5.3 (could not upgrade to newer version due to application limitation). COM1 and COM2 works perfectly. We use echo to output to customer display to test:               echo "testing 123" > /dev/ttyS0     => OK!      However, we could not get COM3, COM4 to work. Pls see below for screen output / configurations:               [root@station ~]# dmesg | grep tty     serial8250: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A      serial8250: ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A     serial8250: ttyS2 at I/O 0x3e8 (irq = 7) is a 16550A     serial8250: ttyS3 at I/O 0x2e8 (irq = 6) is a 16550A     00:09: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A     00:0a: ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A     00:0b: ttyS2 at I/O 0x3e8 (irq = 7) is a 16550A     00:0c: ttyS3 at I/O 0x2e8 (irq = 6) is a 16550A     00:0d: ttyS4 at I/O 0x2e0 (irq = 10) is a 16550A     00:0e: ttyS5 at I/O 0x2f0 (irq = 11) is a 16550A      Vim /proc/tty/driver/serial               serinfo:1.0 driver revision:     0: uart:16550A port:000003F8 irq:4 tx:16380 rx:0 RTS|DTR     1: uart:16550A port:000002F8 irq:3 tx:0 rx:0 RTS|CTS|DTR|DSR     2: uart:16550A port:000003E8 irq:7 tx:16 rx:0 RTS|CTS|DTR|DSR     3: uart:16550A port:000002E8 irq:6 tx:0 rx:0 RTS|CTS|DTR|DSR     4: uart:16550A port:000002E0 irq:10 tx:0 rx:0     5: uart:16550A port:000002F0 irq:11 tx:0 rx:0     6: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0     7: uart:unknown port:00000000 irq:0      Vim /etc/rc.local               setserial /dev/ttyS2 port 0x3e8 UART 16550A irq 7     setserial /dev/ttyS3 port 0x2e8 UART 16550A irq 6      However, when we tried Ubuntu 12.04 => it works (so we know it's not hardware problem)               ttyS0: 3f8 (irq = 4)     ttyS1: 2f8 (irq = 3)     ttyS2: 3e8 (irq = 4) <= ubuntu auto set it to irq 4     ttyS3: 2e8 (irq = 3) <= ubuntu auto set it to irq 3     Centos 5.3  (cannot get output on COM3, COM4)     ttyS0: 3f8 (irq = 4)     ttyS1: 2f8 (irq = 3)     ttyS2: 3e8 (irq = 7)     ttyS3: 2e8 (irq = 6)      I realized that this is bit related to a prev post setserial /dev/ttyS4: Cannot set serial info [Q1] If COM1(ttyS0) and COM2(ttyS1) are already using irq4 and irq3 respectively, is it okay for COM3 and COM4 using irq4 and irq3 again? [Q2] We could not change the irq using SetSerial to another irq from irq1- irq15. However, when we set to irq0, we were able to get the device to work. However, we were advised not to use irq0 because it should be reserved for system time.


title: Reinstall package in CentOS

text: I am trying to install a perl package and getting the following dependencies error:               [user@localhost Downloads]$ rpm -Uvh ImageMagick-6.8.4-9.i386.rpm      error: Failed dependencies:         libltdl.so.3 is needed by ImageMagick-6.8.4-4.i386      In order to solve it, I have tried to install the missing package but it seems that it already exists:               [Evgeny@localhost Downloads]$ sudo yum install libltdl.so.3     ...     No package libltdl.so.3 available.      Then I have tried to use `yum` with `reinstall` option but I got another error:               [Evgeny@localhost Downloads]$ sudo yum reinstall libltdl.so.3     ...     No Match for argument: libltdl.so.3     Error: Nothing to do      What's the problem here? Should I completely uninstall current `libltdl.so.3` package and the install it form scratch? Or maybe there is a different issue?


title: How to manually install a cpp library

text: I want to install the opengl sdk http://glsdk.sourceforge.net/docs/html/pg_build.html . I successfully built it but it has no install script. I am wondering where I have to put them in order for eclipse to find them with `-lname`. It seems that I can install header only libraries by just putting them in `/usr/include`. But I have no idea where I have to put `name.a` files. I installed GLFW with pacman. I can find it in `/usr/include/GL/glfw.h` but I have no idea where the real library is located. I hope you can clear things up.


title: How to make my debian to work as http/html proxy?

text: I use debian on faculty server via putty having its public Ip adress. I have sudo. I wonder how to make it work as Http/html proxy for access to "web of science" from my home windows browser. I wonder where to get instructions on how to make my debian work as http proxy (if possible sequred)?


title: Configure wpa_supplicant.conf to Hidden SSID using WPA2 / PEAP / MS-CHAPv2

text: Here the specifics, I have also the CA certificate chain installed on the machine 1 - hidden SSID (non-broadcast) 2 - The authentication protocol used is PEAP, which is a username and password protocol. 3 - The username and password are passed between the client and authentication server (RADIUS) over an SSL encrypted session. 4 - 3-tier CA environment. Root (offline), intermediate (offline), and 2 issuing CA certificates (online) The actual SSL certificates on the authentication servers (RADIUS) will come from on of the 2 issuing CAs. That enables a trusted SSL session to be established to pass the username and password. 5 - MS-CHAPv2 Support My wpa_suplicant.conf file:               ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant     ctrl_interface_group=wheel     ap_scan=1    # This is to make sure that we get the hidden SSID     update_config=1          network={       priority=1       mode=0       scan_ssid=1                          ssid="FILTERED"       proto=RSN                # WPA2/IEEE 802.11i       key_mgmt=WPA-EAP         # WPA using EAP authentication       eap=PEAP                            group=CCMP TKIP          # CCMP AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC       pairwise=CCMP TKIP       # TKIP = Temporal Key Integrity Protocol       #phase1="peaplabel=1"       phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2"       identity="FILTERED"      # Identity string for EAP       password="FILTERED"       ca_cert="/etc/cert/CACertChain/CA1CertChain.pem"     }      How can I determine what failed?               bssid=34:XX:XX:XX:XX:02     ssid=FILTERED     id=0     pairwise_cipher=CCMP     group_cipher=TKIP     key_mgmt=WPA2/IEEE 802.1X/EAP     wpa_state=ASSOCIATED     ip_address=0.0.0.0     Supplicant PAE state=AUTHENTICATING     suppPortStatus=Unauthorized     EAP state=IDLE     > status       bssid=34:XX:XX:XX:XX:02     ssid=pmwproc     id=0     pairwise_cipher=CCMP     group_cipher=TKIP     key_mgmt=WPA2/IEEE 802.1X/EAP     wpa_state=ASSOCIATED     ip_address=0.0.0.0     Supplicant PAE state=CONNECTING     suppPortStatus=Unauthorized     EAP state=IDLE     > status     bssid=34:XX:XX:XX:XX:02     ssid=FILTERED     id=0     pairwise_cipher=CCMP     group_cipher=TKIP     key_mgmt=WPA2/IEEE 802.1X/EAP     wpa_state=ASSOCIATED     ip_address=0.0.0.0     Supplicant PAE state=CONNECTING     suppPortStatus=Unauthorized     EAP state=IDLE     > <2>CTRL-EVENT-EAP-FAILURE EAP authentication failed     <1>Setting authentication timeout: 2 sec 0 usec     <2>Authentication with 34:XX:XX:XX:XX:02 timed out.     <1>Setting scan request: 0 sec 0 usec     <2>CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED - Disconnect event - remove keys


title: Mounting all partitions on hard disk automatically on Linux Mint

text: **Issue**   I have a Linux Mint installation. Every time that I boot, I need to manually mount the two partitions on my computer(`New volume D` and `Drive C`). If I don't do this, these drives don't show up anywhere. I want to know if there is some way to automate this process. **Goal**   Automatically mounting all the partitions on the hard disk each time I boot. **Specs**   Linux Mint 14 dual boot with Windows XP SP3


title: luxadm disp equivalent for Red Hat?

text: Is there an equivalent to:               luxadm disp *disk*      for Red Hat? I need to check that all the device address to the SAN are ONLINE for a certain disk.