title: G722 in gstreamer is not available or its need to be activated? How do i do that?

text: Gstreamer how to use G.722 enc and dec? Is this not available or missing in there implementation?               $ gst-inspect | grep ffmpeg     ffmpeg:  ffaudioresample: FFMPEG Audio resampling element     ffmpeg:  ffdeinterlace: FFMPEG Deinterlace element     ffmpeg:  ffmux_yuv4mpegpipe: FFmpeg YUV4MPEG pipe format muxer (not recommended, use y4menc instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_webm: FFmpeg WebM file format muxer (not recommended, use webmmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_wav: FFmpeg WAV format muxer (not recommended, use wavenc instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_voc: FFmpeg Creative Voice file format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_rcv: FFmpeg VC-1 test bitstream muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_3gp: FFmpeg 3GP format muxer (not recommended, use gppmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_3g2: FFmpeg 3GP2 format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_swf: FFmpeg Flash format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_spdif: FFmpeg IEC958 - S/PDIF (IEC-61937) muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_sox: FFmpeg SoX native format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_rtsp: FFmpeg RTSP output format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_rm: FFmpeg RealMedia format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_psp: FFmpeg PSP MP4 format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_ogg: FFmpeg Ogg muxer (not recommended, use oggmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_nut: FFmpeg NUT format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mxf_d10: FFmpeg Material eXchange Format, D-10 Mapping muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mxf: FFmpeg Material eXchange Format muxer (not recommended, use mxfmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mpjpeg: FFmpeg MIME multipart JPEG format muxer (not recommended, use multipartmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mpegts: FFmpeg MPEG-2 transport stream format muxer (not recommended, use mpegtsmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_vob: FFmpeg MPEG-2 PS format (VOB) muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_svcd: FFmpeg MPEG-2 PS format (VOB) muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_dvd: FFmpeg MPEG-2 PS format (DVD VOB) muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_vcd: FFmpeg MPEG-1 System format (VCD) muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mpeg: FFmpeg MPEG-1 System format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mp4: FFmpeg MP4 format muxer (not recommended, use mp4mux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mp3: FFmpeg MPEG audio layer 3 formatter (not recommended, use id3v2mux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mp2: FFmpeg MPEG audio layer 2 formatter (not recommended, use id3v2mux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mov: FFmpeg MOV format muxer (not recommended, use qtmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_mmf: FFmpeg Yamaha SMAF muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_matroska: FFmpeg Matroska file format muxer (not recommended, use matroskamux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_ipod: FFmpeg iPod H.264 MP4 format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_gxf: FFmpeg GXF format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_flv: FFmpeg FLV format muxer (not recommended, use flvmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_filmstrip: FFmpeg Adobe Filmstrip muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_ffm: FFmpeg FFM (FFserver live feed) format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_dv: FFmpeg DV video format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_daud: FFmpeg D-Cinema audio format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_avm2: FFmpeg Flash 9 (AVM2) format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_avi: FFmpeg AVI format muxer (not recommended, use avimux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_au: FFmpeg SUN AU format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_asf_stream: FFmpeg ASF format muxer (not recommended, use asfmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_asf: FFmpeg ASF format muxer (not recommended, use asfmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_amr: FFmpeg 3GPP AMR file format muxer     ffmpeg:  ffmux_aiff: FFmpeg Audio IFF muxer (not recommended, use aiffmux instead)     ffmpeg:  ffmux_adts: FFmpeg ADTS AAC muxer (not recommended, use aacparse instead)     ffmpeg: fftype_yuv4mpegpipe: y4m     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_yuv4mpegpipe: FFmpeg YUV4MPEG pipe format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_yop: yop     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_yop: FFmpeg Psygnosis YOP Format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_xa: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_xa: FFmpeg Maxis XA File Format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_wsvqa: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_wsvqa: FFmpeg Westwood Studios VQA format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_wsaud: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_wsaud: FFmpeg Westwood Studios audio format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_wc3movie: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_wc3movie: FFmpeg Wing Commander III movie format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_wav: FFmpeg WAV format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_w64: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_w64: FFmpeg Sony Wave64 format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_vqf: vqf     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_vqf: FFmpeg Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) TwinVQ demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_voc: FFmpeg Creative Voice file format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_vmd: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_vmd: FFmpeg Sierra VMD format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_vc1test: FFmpeg VC-1 test bitstream format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_txd: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_txd: FFmpeg Renderware TeXture Dictionary demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_tta: FFmpeg True Audio demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_tmv: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_tmv: FFmpeg 8088flex TMV demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_tiertexseq: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_tiertexseq: FFmpeg Tiertex Limited SEQ format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_thp: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_thp: FFmpeg THP demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_swf: FFmpeg Flash format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_psxstr: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_psxstr: FFmpeg Sony Playstation STR format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_sox: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_sox: FFmpeg SoX native format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_sol: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_sol: FFmpeg Sierra SOL format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_smk: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_smk: FFmpeg Smacker video demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_siff: vb,son     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_siff: FFmpeg Beam Software SIFF demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_film_cpk: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_film_cpk: FFmpeg Sega FILM/CPK format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_rpl: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_rpl: FFmpeg RPL/ARMovie format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_RoQ: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_RoQ: FFmpeg id RoQ format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_rm: FFmpeg RealMedia format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_rl2: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_rl2: FFmpeg RL2 format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_r3d: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_r3d: FFmpeg REDCODE R3D format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_qcp: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_qcp: FFmpeg QCP format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_pva: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_pva: FFmpeg TechnoTrend PVA file and stream format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_oma: oma,aa3     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_oma: FFmpeg Sony OpenMG audio demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_ogg: FFmpeg Ogg demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_nuv: FFmpeg NuppelVideo format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_nut: nut     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_nut: FFmpeg NUT format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_nsv: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_nsv: FFmpeg Nullsoft Streaming Video demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_nc: v     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_nc: FFmpeg NC camera feed format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mxf: FFmpeg Material eXchange Format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_mvi: mvi     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mvi: FFmpeg Motion Pixels MVI format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_MTV: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_MTV: FFmpeg MTV format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_msnwctcp: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_msnwctcp: FFmpeg MSN TCP Webcam stream demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mpegtsraw: FFmpeg MPEG-2 raw transport stream format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mpegts: FFmpeg MPEG-2 transport stream format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mpeg: FFmpeg MPEG-PS format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mpc8: FFmpeg Musepack SV8 demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mpc: FFmpeg Musepack demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mp3: FFmpeg MPEG audio layer 2/3 demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mov_mp4_m4a_3gp_3g2_mj2: FFmpeg QuickTime/MPEG-4/Motion JPEG 2000 format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_mmf: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mmf: FFmpeg Yamaha SMAF demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_mm: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_mm: FFmpeg American Laser Games MM format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_matroska: FFmpeg Matroska file format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_lmlm4: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_lmlm4: FFmpeg lmlm4 raw format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_iv8: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_iv8: FFmpeg A format generated by IndigoVision 8000 video server demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_ISS: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_ISS: FFmpeg Funcom ISS format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_ipmovie: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_ipmovie: FFmpeg Interplay MVE format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_IFF: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_IFF: FFmpeg IFF format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_idcin: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_idcin: FFmpeg id Cinematic format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_gxf: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_gxf: FFmpeg GXF format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_4xm: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_4xm: FFmpeg 4X Technologies format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_flv: FFmpeg FLV format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_flic: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_flic: FFmpeg FLI/FLC/FLX animation format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_filmstrip: flm     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_filmstrip: FFmpeg Adobe Filmstrip demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_ffm: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_ffm: FFmpeg FFM (FFserver live feed) format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_ea_cdata: cdata     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_ea_cdata: FFmpeg Electronic Arts cdata demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_ea: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_ea: FFmpeg Electronic Arts Multimedia Format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_dxa: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_dxa: FFmpeg DXA demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_dv: FFmpeg DV video format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_dsicin: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_dsicin: FFmpeg Delphine Software International CIN format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_daud: 302     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_daud: FFmpeg D-Cinema audio format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_cdg: cdg     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_cdg: FFmpeg CD Graphics Format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_caf: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_caf: FFmpeg Apple Core Audio Format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_c93: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_c93: FFmpeg Interplay C93 demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_bink: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_bink: FFmpeg Bink demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_bfi: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_bfi: FFmpeg Brute Force & Ignorance demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_bethsoftvid: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_bethsoftvid: FFmpeg Bethesda Softworks VID format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_avs: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_avs: FFmpeg AVS format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_avi: FFmpeg AVI format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_au: FFmpeg SUN AU format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_asf: FFmpeg ASF format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_ape: FFmpeg Monkey's Audio demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_apc: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_apc: FFmpeg CRYO APC format demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_anm: no extensions     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_anm: FFmpeg Deluxe Paint Animation demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_amr: FFmpeg 3GPP AMR file format demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_aiff: FFmpeg Audio IFF demuxer     ffmpeg: fftype_aea: aea     ffmpeg:  ffdemux_aea: FFmpeg MD STUDIO audio demuxer     ffmpeg:  ffdec_xsub: FFmpeg XSUB decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_pgssub: FFmpeg HDMV Presentation Graphic Stream subtitles decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dvdsub: FFmpeg DVD subtitles decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dvbsub: FFmpeg DVB subtitles decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_yamaha: FFmpeg ADPCM Yamaha decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_xa: FFmpeg ADPCM CDROM XA decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_thp: FFmpeg ADPCM Nintendo Gamecube THP decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_swf: FFmpeg ADPCM Shockwave Flash decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_sbpro_4: FFmpeg ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 4-bit decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_sbpro_3: FFmpeg ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2.6-bit decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_sbpro_2: FFmpeg ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2-bit decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ms: FFmpeg ADPCM Microsoft decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_ws: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA Westwood decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_wav: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA WAV decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_smjpeg: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA Loki SDL MJPEG decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_qt: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA QuickTime decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_iss: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA Funcom ISS decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_ea_sead: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts SEAD decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_ea_eacs: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts EACS decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_dk4: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA Duck DK4 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_dk3: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA Duck DK3 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ima_amv: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA AMV decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_g726: FFmpeg G.726 ADPCM decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ea_xas: FFmpeg ADPCM Electronic Arts XAS decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ea_r3: FFmpeg ADPCM Electronic Arts R3 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ea_r2: FFmpeg ADPCM Electronic Arts R2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ea_r1: FFmpeg ADPCM Electronic Arts R1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ea_maxis_xa: FFmpeg ADPCM Electronic Arts Maxis CDROM XA decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ea: FFmpeg ADPCM Electronic Arts decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_ct: FFmpeg ADPCM Creative Technology decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_adx: FFmpeg SEGA CRI ADX ADPCM decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_adpcm_4xm: FFmpeg ADPCM 4X Movie decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_xan_dpcm: FFmpeg DPCM Xan decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_sol_dpcm: FFmpeg DPCM Sol decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_roq_dpcm: FFmpeg DPCM id RoQ decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_interplay_dpcm: FFmpeg DPCM Interplay decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ws_snd1: FFmpeg Westwood Audio (SND1) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wmavoice: FFmpeg Windows Media Audio Voice decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wmav2: FFmpeg Windows Media Audio 2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wmav1: FFmpeg Windows Media Audio 1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wmapro: FFmpeg Windows Media Audio 9 Professional decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vmdaudio: FFmpeg Sierra VMD audio decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_twinvq: FFmpeg VQF TwinVQ decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_tta: FFmpeg True Audio (TTA) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_truespeech: FFmpeg DSP Group TrueSpeech decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_truehd: FFmpeg TrueHD decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_sonic: FFmpeg Sonic decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_smackaud: FFmpeg Smacker audio decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_sipr: FFmpeg RealAudio SIPR / ACELP.NET decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_shorten: FFmpeg Shorten decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_real_288: FFmpeg RealAudio 2.0 (28.8K) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_real_144: FFmpeg RealAudio 1.0 (14.4K) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_qdm2: FFmpeg QDesign Music Codec 2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_qcelp: FFmpeg QCELP / PureVoice decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_nellymoser: FFmpeg Nellymoser Asao decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mpc8: FFmpeg Musepack SV8 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mpc7: FFmpeg Musepack SV7 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mp3on4: FFmpeg MP3onMP4 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mp3adu: FFmpeg ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mp3: FFmpeg MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mlp: FFmpeg MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mace6: FFmpeg MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 6:1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mace3: FFmpeg MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 3:1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_imc: FFmpeg IMC (Intel Music Coder) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_flac: FFmpeg FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_eac3: FFmpeg ATSC A/52B (AC-3, E-AC-3) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dsicinaudio: FFmpeg Delphine Software International CIN audio decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dca: FFmpeg DCA (DTS Coherent Acoustics) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_cook: FFmpeg COOK decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_binkaudio_rdft: FFmpeg Bink Audio (RDFT) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_binkaudio_dct: FFmpeg Bink Audio (DCT) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_atrac3: FFmpeg Atrac 3 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding 3) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_atrac1: FFmpeg Atrac 1 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ape: FFmpeg Monkey's Audio decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_amrnb: FFmpeg Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_als: FFmpeg MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_alac: FFmpeg ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ac3: FFmpeg ATSC A/52A (AC-3) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_aac: FFmpeg Advanced Audio Coding decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_zmbv: FFmpeg Zip Motion Blocks Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_zlib: FFmpeg LCL (LossLess Codec Library) ZLIB decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_yop: FFmpeg Psygnosis YOP Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_xl: FFmpeg Miro VideoXL decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_xan_wc3: FFmpeg Wing Commander III / Xan decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wnv1: FFmpeg Winnov WNV1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wmv3: FFmpeg Windows Media Video 9 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wmv2: FFmpeg Windows Media Video 8 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_wmv1: FFmpeg Windows Media Video 7 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vqavideo: FFmpeg Westwood Studios VQA (Vector Quantized Animation) video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vp6f: FFmpeg On2 VP6 (Flash version) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vp6a: FFmpeg On2 VP6 (Flash version, with alpha channel) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vp6: FFmpeg On2 VP6 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vp5: FFmpeg On2 VP5 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vp3: FFmpeg On2 VP3 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vmnc: FFmpeg VMware Screen Codec / VMware Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vmdvideo: FFmpeg Sierra VMD video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vcr1: FFmpeg ATI VCR1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vc1: FFmpeg SMPTE VC-1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_vb: FFmpeg Beam Software VB decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ultimotion: FFmpeg IBM UltiMotion decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_txd: FFmpeg Renderware TXD (TeXture Dictionary) image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_camtasia: FFmpeg TechSmith Screen Capture Codec decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_truemotion2: FFmpeg Duck TrueMotion 2.0 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_truemotion1: FFmpeg Duck TrueMotion 1.0 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_tmv: FFmpeg 8088flex TMV decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_tiff: FFmpeg TIFF image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_tiertexseqvideo: FFmpeg Tiertex Limited SEQ video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_thp: FFmpeg Nintendo Gamecube THP video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_targa: FFmpeg Truevision Targa image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_svq3: FFmpeg Sorenson Vector Quantizer 3 / Sorenson Video 3 / SVQ3 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_svq1: FFmpeg Sorenson Vector Quantizer 1 / Sorenson Video 1 / SVQ1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_sunrast: FFmpeg Sun Rasterfile image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_sp5x: FFmpeg Sunplus JPEG (SP5X) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_snow: FFmpeg Snow decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_smc: FFmpeg QuickTime Graphics (SMC) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_smackvid: FFmpeg Smacker video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_sgi: FFmpeg SGI image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_rv40: FFmpeg RealVideo 4.0 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_rv30: FFmpeg RealVideo 3.0 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_rv20: FFmpeg RealVideo 2.0 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_rv10: FFmpeg RealVideo 1.0 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_rpza: FFmpeg QuickTime video (RPZA) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_roqvideo: FFmpeg id RoQ video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_rl2: FFmpeg RL2 video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_qtrle: FFmpeg QuickTime Animation (RLE) video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_qpeg: FFmpeg Q-team QPEG decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_qdraw: FFmpeg Apple QuickDraw decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ptx: FFmpeg V.Flash PTX image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ppm: FFmpeg PPM (Portable PixelMap) image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_png: FFmpeg PNG image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_pgmyuv: FFmpeg PGMYUV (Portable GrayMap YUV) image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_pgm: FFmpeg PGM (Portable GrayMap) image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_pcx: FFmpeg PC Paintbrush PCX image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_pbm: FFmpeg PBM (Portable BitMap) image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_pam: FFmpeg PAM (Portable AnyMap) image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_nuv: FFmpeg NuppelVideo/RTJPEG decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mszh: FFmpeg LCL (LossLess Codec Library) MSZH decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_msvideo1: FFmpeg Microsoft Video 1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_msrle: FFmpeg Microsoft RLE decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_msmpeg4: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 3 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_msmpeg4v2: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_msmpeg4v1: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mpegvideo: FFmpeg MPEG-1 video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mpeg4: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mpeg2video: FFmpeg MPEG-2 video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_motionpixels: FFmpeg Motion Pixels video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mmvideo: FFmpeg American Laser Games MM Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mjpegb: FFmpeg Apple MJPEG-B decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mjpeg: FFmpeg MJPEG (Motion JPEG) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mimic: FFmpeg Mimic decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_mdec: FFmpeg Sony PlayStation MDEC (Motion DECoder) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_loco: FFmpeg LOCO decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_kmvc: FFmpeg Karl Morton's video codec decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_kgv1: FFmpeg Kega Game Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_jpegls: FFmpeg JPEG-LS decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_interplayvideo: FFmpeg Interplay MVE video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_indeo5: FFmpeg Intel Indeo Video Interactive 5 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_indeo3: FFmpeg Intel Indeo 3 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_indeo2: FFmpeg Intel Indeo 2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_iff_ilbm: FFmpeg IFF ILBM decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_iff_byterun1: FFmpeg IFF ByteRun1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_idcinvideo: FFmpeg id Quake II CIN video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_huffyuv: FFmpeg Huffyuv / HuffYUV decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_h264: FFmpeg H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_h263i: FFmpeg Intel H.263 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_h263: FFmpeg H.263 / H.263-1996, H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_h261: FFmpeg H.261 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_FRWU: FFmpeg Forward Uncompressed decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_fraps: FFmpeg Fraps decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_4xm: FFmpeg 4X Movie decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_flv: FFmpeg Flash Video (FLV) / Sorenson Spark / Sorenson H.263 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_flic: FFmpeg Autodesk Animator Flic video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_flashsv: FFmpeg Flash Screen Video v1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ffvhuff: FFmpeg Huffyuv FFmpeg variant decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_ffv1: FFmpeg FFmpeg video codec #1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_escape124: FFmpeg Escape 124 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_8svx_fib: FFmpeg 8SVX fibonacci decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_8svx_exp: FFmpeg 8SVX exponential decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_8bps: FFmpeg QuickTime 8BPS video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_eatqi: FFmpeg Electronic Arts TQI Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_eatgv: FFmpeg Electronic Arts TGV video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_eatgq: FFmpeg Electronic Arts TGQ video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_eamad: FFmpeg Electronic Arts Madcow Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_eacmv: FFmpeg Electronic Arts CMV video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dxa: FFmpeg Feeble Files/ScummVM DXA decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dvvideo: FFmpeg DV (Digital Video) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dsicinvideo: FFmpeg Delphine Software International CIN video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dpx: FFmpeg DPX image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_dnxhd: FFmpeg VC3/DNxHD decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_cyuv: FFmpeg Creative YUV (CYUV) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_camstudio: FFmpeg CamStudio decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_cljr: FFmpeg Cirrus Logic AccuPak decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_cinepak: FFmpeg Cinepak decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_cdgraphics: FFmpeg CD Graphics video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_cavs: FFmpeg Chinese AVS video (AVS1-P2, JiZhun profile) decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_c93: FFmpeg Interplay C93 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_bmp: FFmpeg BMP image decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_binkvideo: FFmpeg Bink video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_bfi: FFmpeg Brute Force & Ignorance decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_bethsoftvid: FFmpeg Bethesda VID video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_avs: FFmpeg AVS (Audio Video Standard) video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_aura2: FFmpeg Auravision Aura 2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_aura: FFmpeg Auravision AURA decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_asv2: FFmpeg ASUS V2 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_asv1: FFmpeg ASUS V1 decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_anm: FFmpeg Deluxe Paint Animation decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_amv: FFmpeg AMV Video decoder     ffmpeg:  ffdec_aasc: FFmpeg Autodesk RLE decoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_xsub: FFmpeg DivX subtitles (XSUB) encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_dvdsub: FFmpeg DVD subtitles encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_dvbsub: FFmpeg DVB subtitles encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_adpcm_yamaha: FFmpeg ADPCM Yamaha encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_adpcm_swf: FFmpeg ADPCM Shockwave Flash encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_adpcm_ms: FFmpeg ADPCM Microsoft encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_adpcm_ima_wav: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA WAV encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_adpcm_ima_qt: FFmpeg ADPCM IMA QuickTime encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_g726: FFmpeg G.726 ADPCM encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_adpcm_adx: FFmpeg SEGA CRI ADX ADPCM encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_roq_dpcm: FFmpeg id RoQ DPCM encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_wmav2: FFmpeg Windows Media Audio 2 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_wmav1: FFmpeg Windows Media Audio 1 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_sonicls: FFmpeg Sonic lossless encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_sonic: FFmpeg Sonic encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_nellymoser: FFmpeg Nellymoser Asao encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_mp2: FFmpeg MP2 (MPEG audio layer 2) encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_alac: FFmpeg ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_ac3: FFmpeg ATSC A/52A (AC-3) encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_aac: FFmpeg Advanced Audio Coding encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_zmbv: FFmpeg Zip Motion Blocks Video encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_wmv2: FFmpeg Windows Media Video 8 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_wmv1: FFmpeg Windows Media Video 7 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_tiff: FFmpeg TIFF image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_targa: FFmpeg Truevision Targa image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_svq1: FFmpeg Sorenson Vector Quantizer 1 / Sorenson Video 1 / SVQ1 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_snow: FFmpeg Snow encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_sgi: FFmpeg SGI image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_rv20: FFmpeg RealVideo 2.0 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_rv10: FFmpeg RealVideo 1.0 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_roqvideo: FFmpeg id RoQ video encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_qtrle: FFmpeg QuickTime Animation (RLE) video encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_ppm: FFmpeg PPM (Portable PixelMap) image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_png: FFmpeg PNG image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_pgmyuv: FFmpeg PGMYUV (Portable GrayMap YUV) image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_pgm: FFmpeg PGM (Portable GrayMap) image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_pcx: FFmpeg PC Paintbrush PCX image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_pbm: FFmpeg PBM (Portable BitMap) image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_pam: FFmpeg PAM (Portable AnyMap) image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_msmpeg4: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 3 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_msmpeg4v2: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 2 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_msmpeg4v1: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 1 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_mpeg4: FFmpeg MPEG-4 part 2 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_mpeg2video: FFmpeg MPEG-2 video encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_mpeg1video: FFmpeg MPEG-1 video encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_mjpeg: FFmpeg MJPEG (Motion JPEG) encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_ljpeg: FFmpeg Lossless JPEG encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_jpegls: FFmpeg JPEG-LS encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_huffyuv: FFmpeg Huffyuv / HuffYUV encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_h263p: FFmpeg H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_h263: FFmpeg H.263 / H.263-1996 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_h261: FFmpeg H.261 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_flv: FFmpeg Flash Video (FLV) / Sorenson Spark / Sorenson H.263 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_flashsv: FFmpeg Flash Screen Video encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_ffvhuff: FFmpeg Huffyuv FFmpeg variant encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_ffv1: FFmpeg FFmpeg video codec #1 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_dvvideo: FFmpeg DV (Digital Video) encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_dnxhd: FFmpeg VC3/DNxHD encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_bmp: FFmpeg BMP image encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_asv2: FFmpeg ASUS V2 encoder     ffmpeg:  ffenc_asv1: FFmpeg ASUS V1 encoder     postproc:  postproc_ffmpegdeint: LibPostProc ffmpegdeint filter     ffmpegcolorspace:  ffmpegcolorspace: FFMPEG Colorspace converter


title: How do I get the filename received by rz?

text: I want to `rz` a file and then copy it to a different location. But I find no way to figure out the received filename in the rz help or in its man page. The rz man page, while attempting to be funny, mentions a dubious invocation: > **Rz** may be invoked as **rzCOMMAND** (with an optional leading - as > generated by login(1)). For each received file, rz will pipe the file to > ''COMMAND filename'' where filename is the name of the transmitted file with > the file contents as standard input. That would do (I could pipe it to cat and output a known filename), but how in the world do you invoke `rzCOMMAND`? `rzCAT` and `rzcat` obviously fail. Am I missing something obvious, or have things been this way since the '80s?


title: Directories with binary files in Linux

text: I noticed that when I install new application there are a few possible directories where the resulting binary file will be placed. You can install with packaging manager, compile with `make`, `easy_install` for Python etc. My `$PATH` looks as follows: `/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games` Are there some conventions or rules that determine in which directory the resulting binary (or library) should be placed? I noticed that when you compile the source code the result is often in `/usr/local/bin/`. Is this the rule? Could you write the answer that explains the Unix philosophy (design and conventions decisions) according to binaries and why is it in this way (why not to use only one directory for all binaries)


title: GNU emacs vs. XEmacs

text: After using Vim for the past couple of years, I'm switching to emacs as part of my "get out og your comfort zone" 2012 resolution. Although I have been using GNU Emacs for the past 10 days, I am curious about XEmacs and I wonder if it differs significantly from GNU Emacs. From the Wikipedia page: > One of the main disagreements involves different views of copyright- > assignment. > > [...] > > New features in either editor usually show up in the other sooner or later. > Furthermore, many developers contribute to both projects. I get the impression that the differences between the two are mainly historical and philosophical (isn't always the case with the FSF?). What would be the practical reasons to chose one over the other today in 2012? Here are examples of comparisons I'm interested in:   * **features** : Are there any feature present in one but not (or at least not easily available) in the other?   * **community** : Which community is more active and innovative?    * **release cycles** : Do they release the same features at a similar rate, or is it two separate releasing cycles making one more avant-garde than the other?   * **LISP implementation** : I'm mostly interested in learning LISP. Do both editors share the same implementation? The same dialect?   * **availability** : I know both editors are available on Linux, but what about the other platforms? Does one have a significant advantage over the other? The list is not exhaustive. If you've ever used both and feel that there are differences that are not mentioned here, please do tell; I'm very curious.


title: 100.0%sy with poor disk performance

text: I have RHEL 5.4 kernel 2.6.18-164.el5 and I am experiencing very bad disk performance that happens randomly during working with Oracle. Nothing appears in the logs. When it happens, I see one CPU core stuck at 100% system time in `top`:               Cpu0  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu1  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu2  :  1.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni, 99.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu3  :  1.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni, 99.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu4  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu5  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu6  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu7  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu8  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu9  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu10 :  0.0%us,100.0%sy,  0.0%ni,  0.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu11 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu12 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu13 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu14 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu15 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Mem:   8097368k total,  5761028k used,  2336340k free,   602024k buffers     Swap:  2088440k total,        0k used,  2088440k free,  3070188k cached      Checking disk writes with `dd` I get same on top and it shows:               time dd if=/dev/zero of=1000 bs=2M count=500 conv=fdatasync          79+0 records in     79+0 records out     165675008 bytes (166 MB) copied, 279.746 seconds, 592 kB/s          real    4m40.565s     user    0m0.000s     sys 4m40.521s           PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND     8557 root      25   0 65212 2640 2548 R 99.8  0.0   3:02.99 dd      During normal operations I get:               500+0 records in     500+0 records out     1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 9.24778 seconds, 113 MB/s          real    0m9.249s     user    0m0.001s     sys 0m1.772s      The disks are two 15k RPM SAS in a RAID1 configuration managed by a MegaRAID SAS9261-8i controller. I have already upgraded both the driver and the firmware of the controller. The strange problem is that the system can work fine for weeks and all disk benchmarks show good results. How can this poor disk performance be debugged? for Patrick request this is the output during 100%sy               top - 14:12:57 up 13 days, 15:49,  3 users,  load average: 1.28, 1.48, 1.17     Tasks: 424 total,   2 running, 422 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie     Cpu0  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu1  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu2  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu3  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu4  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu5  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu6  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu7  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu8  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu9  :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu10 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu11 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu12 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu13 :  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni,100.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu14 :  0.0%us,100.0%sy,  0.0%ni,  0.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Cpu15 :  0.0%us,  1.0%sy,  0.0%ni, 99.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st     Mem:   8097368k total,  6167440k used,  1929928k free,   306644k buffers     Swap:  2088440k total,        4k used,  2088436k free,  3638216k cached      mpstat -P ALL 3 1               02:13:19 PM  CPU   %user   %nice    %sys %iowait    %irq   %soft  %steal   %idle    intr/s     02:13:22 PM  all    0.06    0.00    6.50    0.00    0.02    0.00    0.00   93.42   1077.00     02:13:22 PM    0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00   1001.33     02:13:22 PM    1    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM    2    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.33    0.00    0.00   99.67     43.67     02:13:22 PM    3    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM    4    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.33    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.67     16.33     02:13:22 PM    5    0.33    0.00    2.99    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   96.68      0.00     02:13:22 PM    6    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.33     02:13:22 PM    7    0.33    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.67      0.00     02:13:22 PM    8    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM    9    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM   10    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM   11    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM   12    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM   13    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     02:13:22 PM   14    0.00    0.00  100.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     14.33     02:13:22 PM   15    0.66    0.00    1.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   98.34      0.00          Average:     CPU   %user   %nice    %sys %iowait    %irq   %soft  %steal   %idle    intr/s     Average:     all    0.06    0.00    6.50    0.00    0.02    0.00    0.00   93.42   1077.00     Average:       0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00   1001.33     Average:       1    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:       2    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.33    0.00    0.00   99.67     43.67     Average:       3    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:       4    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.33    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.67     16.33     Average:       5    0.33    0.00    2.99    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   96.68      0.00     Average:       6    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.33     Average:       7    0.33    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.67      0.00     Average:       8    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:       9    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:      10    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:      11    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:      12    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:      13    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00      0.00     Average:      14    0.00    0.00  100.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00     14.33     Average:      15    0.66    0.00    1.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   98.34      0.00      sar -I XALL 3 1 interrupts higher than 0               Average:         INTR    intr/s     Average:            0   1000.33     Average:           51      7.33     Average:           59      1.00     Average:           75     23.33     Average:          218     61.67     Average:          233      0.33      it seems not interrupts issue


title: OpenBSD on a SDHC or an microSDHC card - tips

text: Any ideas for making an OpenBSD usable (how to turn off logs, "put os into memory"?) on a SDHC or an microSDHC card? Since full-disk encryption is not really a solution under OpenBSD so I though I would be more keen on physical protection, so I will install/use my "desktop os" on an SDHC or a microSDHC card.


title: Weird Stuff in Terminal When I Hit Tab

text: For some reason, today, everytime I hit tab in the terminal this shows up:               cat bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (en_CA)          Display all 150 possibilities? (y or n)      This particular one happens when I type `cat` then hit TAB. I never changed any setting or anything. Anyone know what's going on?


title: How to set username/password in Firefox when using proxy with auth?

text: Where could I set the username/password if the HTTP/HTTPS proxy requires it? Is Firefox securely storing the username/password?


title: What does '//' mean in return from `which`

text: I have an executable script `test` under the full path `/home/sawa/foo/bar/test`. The directory `/home/sawa/foo/bar` is within `$PATH`, and has priority over the default ones including `/usr/bin`. When I do               `which test`      to see whether this command is correctly recognized, it returns               /home/sawa/foo/bar//test      with the double slash `//`. I know that there is a built in command with the same name `test`, and when I remove mine, this one under `/usr/bin/test` is returned by `which`, so I think it's interfereing in some way.   1. What does this double slash mean here, and why is it appearing here?   2. My executable `test` does not seem to work correctly. Why is that?


title: Intercept input and output from specific executable

text: I have a certain Linux executable that is called from a bigger application to perform some calculations. I want to modify the way the calculations are performed, for that I first need to understand how the executable is called and in what way the parameters and data are transferred. So, I'd like to monitor the command line parameters, stdin and stdout if this executable is called. The normal operation of the executable should not be disturbed. Is there an easy way to do that? **Update:** I tried the shell script placeholder idea to grab all the data using the following script:               #!/bin/bash     export LOGFILE=/tmp/logname     echo `env` > $LOGFILE-env     echo "$@" >> $LOGFILE-arguments     tee -a $LOGFILE-stdin | /path/to/real/executable 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE-stdout      This works fine for test input, but it just hangs if it is called for real. Probably there is even more going on than I suspected.


Is there an easy way to print the GTK and QT versions installed on a system? I am wanting to make a script that will print the version numbers of various developer tools and libraries.


title: Check for, and add, missing timestamps to individual lines in a file

text: I have a file in the following format:               ABCD 01206001022T01YA022T01YA022T07SO 09:20:38     ABCD 01206001022ACION 09:24:40     ABCD 04006001021S01UK 09:24:42     ABCD 7878696621321312 23213213213213     ABCD ASADSADSFSSDSSD 09:24:50      Basically except the first field, all other fields are different. Requirement: I want timestamp on each line. If a timestamp is missing on any line, I want to append the timestamp of the previous line to the end of missing line (Example 4th line above). How can I achieve this?


title: Theme config files for programs of common GUI toolkits

text: As a follow up to my previous question, I learned that theming in windows (when using a tiling window manager) could be achieved by modifying config files for the different GUI toolkits, for instance GTK is ~/.gtkrc-2.0 What are the config files for others like GNOME, KDE, QT, and others? And how do I set them up? Thanks.


title: How to spoof/mock a directory used by a binary application as another directory?

text: Suppose there's a binary application that always writes its data to `/tmp`. How could I spoof/mock `/tmp` for the sake of this binary as some other directory (e.g. `home/tmp`)? Let's assume I have no means of modifying this binary to force it to use a different directory.


title: vim: Use different colorscheme when connected over SSH

text: On my desktop I use the hbrid color scheme in vim, with the preferred colors set for my consoles 16-color palette (as described in the README). However, on my laptop, I use the solarized color scheme, so when I SSH into my desktop from my laptop and open VIM it will look funny using the hybrid colors. Is there any way I can 'forward' a vim configuration to set the colors when SSHing into a different machine? (Assume the colorscheme file is already installed, and all that needs to be done is call `colorscheme solarized`)


title: How to print to a Lexmark 5630 printer using CUPS

text: I want to print using a Lexmark 5630 printer, and it appears they only have drivers for Mac and Windows. Does CUPS support it, with maybe some reverse- engineered driver, or am I at a loss?


title: Bash script IDE

text: Is there a bash/ksh/any shell script IDE. Don't you get annoyed when you forget the space inside if or I don't know, some minor syntax mistakes you do from time to time, but takes you a long time to figure it out(especially when one is tired). I knew about some suggestion listed below, but I'm looking for something like eclipse(i.e. for java).


title: Is there a BASH command for copying all files from a directory tree and putting all the files in a single directory?

text: I have a ton of notes categorized into folders, but I think it might be better to put them all into one folder instead. Is there an easy way to do that?


title: User-local package management system

text: I need to deploy, manage and run software as a non-privileged user in SuSE (that is, no root access whatsoever, can't use system's package management, etc). What are my options? I'd prefer reusing system's package manager (YaST) by somehow setting up a separate user-local repository. Second best choice is a separate package management system that supports user-local repositories. Preferably it would also support push-style updates (as opposed to pull).


title: Can't build QTAV for cubieboard2 on Cubian

text: I’m trying to make QTAV lib for cubieboard2 environment and experiencing problems. Could you please help. Here is what qmake says:               cubie@Cubian:~/QtAV/output$ qmake ../QtAV.pro     Project MESSAGE: BUILD_DIR=/home/cubie/QtAV/output     Info: creating cache file /home/cubie/QtAV/output/.qmake.cache     Project MESSAGE: target arch: arm     Project MESSAGE: target arch features:     Project MESSAGE: To disable config tests, you can use 1 of the following methods     Project MESSAGE: 1. create '.qmake.conf' in the root source dir, add 'CONFIG += no_config_tests'(Qt5)     Project MESSAGE: 2. pass 'CONFIG += no_config_tests' or '-config no_config_tests' to qmake     Project MESSAGE: 3. add 'CONFIG += no_config_tests' in /home/cubie/QtAV/user.conf     Project MESSAGE: To manually set a config test result to true, disable config tests and enable config_name like above     Checking for avutil... yes     Checking for avcodec... yes     Checking for avformat... yes     Checking for swscale... yes     Project MESSAGE: checking for optional features...     Checking for swresample... yes     Checking for avresample... no     Checking for gl... yes     Checking for avfilter... yes     Checking for sse4_1... no     Checking for openal... no     Checking for portaudio... yes     Checking for direct2d... no     Checking for gdiplus... no     Checking for dxva... no     Checking for xv... yes     Checking for vaapi... yes     Checking for libcedarv... yes     Project MESSAGE: To recheck the dependencies, delete '.qmake.cache' in the root of build dir, run qmake with argument 'CONFIG+=recheck' or '-config recheck’      Then i do make and here is the last message:               g++ -c -pipe -isystem /home/cubie/QtAV/src -isystem /home/cubie/QtAV/src/.. -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC -DBUILD_QTAV_LIB -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -DQTAV_HAVE_AVFILTER=1 -DQTAV_HAVE_SWRESAMPLE=1 -DQTAV_HAVE_PORTAUDIO=1 -DQTAV_HAVE_XV=1 -DQTAV_HAVE_GL=1 -DQTAV_HAVE_CUDA=1 -DQTAV_HAVE_VAAPI=1 -DQTAV_HAVE_CEDARV=1 -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_OPENGL_LIB -DQT_WIDGETS_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I/usr/local/Qt-5.3.1/mkspecs/linux-g++ -I/home/cubie/QtAV/src -I/usr/local/Qt-5.3.1/include -isystem /home/cubie/QtAV/src -I/home/cubie/QtAV -isystem /home/cubie/QtAV/src/QtAV -isystem /home/cubie/QtAV/src/cuda -isystem /home/cubie/QtAV/src/cuda/dllapi -I/usr/local/Qt-5.3.1/include/QtOpenGL -I/usr/local/Qt-5.3.1/include/QtWidgets -I/usr/local/Qt-5.3.1/include/QtGui -I/usr/local/Qt-5.3.1/include/QtCore -I.moc/5.3.1/QtAV -I. -o .obj/QtAV_linux_arm/VideoDecoderCedarv.o /home/cubie/QtAV/src/VideoDecoderCedarv.cpp     {standard input}: Assembler messages:     {standard input}:730: Error: selected processor does not support Thumb mode `vuzp.8 d0,d1'     {standard input}:731: Error: selected processor does not support Thumb mode `vuzp.8 d2,d3'      I’m using Cubian (Debian clone for cubieboard):               cubie@Cubian:~/QtAV/output$ uname -a     Linux Cubian 3.4.75-sun7i #35 SMP PREEMPT Sat Feb 8 02:10:31 CST 2014 armv7l GNU/Linux      Here is my gcc version:               cubie@Cubian:~/QtAV/output$ gcc -v     Using built-in specs.     COLLECT_GCC=gcc     COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.6/lto-wrapper     Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf     Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 4.6.3-14' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.6 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.6 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-arch=armv7-a --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-float=hard --with-mode=thumb --enable-checking=release --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf     Thread model: posix     gcc version 4.6.3 (Debian 4.6.3-14)      Here is my cpuinfo               cubie@Cubian:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo     Processor   : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)     processor   : 0     BogoMIPS    : 2004.17          processor   : 1     BogoMIPS    : 2011.05          Features    : swp half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt     CPU implementer : 0x41     CPU architecture: 7     CPU variant : 0x0     CPU part    : 0xc07     CPU revision    : 4          Hardware    : sun7i     Revision    : 0000     Serial      : 0000000000000000     Chipid      : 16516592-80826652-56484848-088254ea      Also               cubie@Cubian:~$ gcc -dumpmachine     arm-linux-gnueabihf      What could be wrong?


title: freebsd make install openjdk6

text: I am having problem installing openjdk6 using ports using the `make install clean` commands. The error I got is: > /usr/ports/java/openjdk6/work/build/bsd-i586-debug-fastdebug/j2sdk-image: No > such file or directory edited:               freebsd# file /usr/ports/java/openjdk6/work/build/bsd-i586-debug-fastdebug/j2sdk-image: cannot open '/usr/ports/java/openjdk6/work/build/bsd-i586-debug-fastdebug/j2sdk-image' (No such file or directory)


title: How to make the display go to sleep when screen is locked?

text: I’m using a Debian amd64 install with the default GNOME desktop. I’m aware that you can go into System | Preferences | Power Management, and choose to make the display go to sleep after a certain period of inactivity. However, I currently have that set to ‘Never’ because until I lock the screen, I don’t want the display to go to sleep. Once I lock the screen, though, I want it to go to sleep immediately unless/until it detects activity, or at least go to sleep after 1 minute or something. Is there a way I can configure it to do this only when I ‘Lock Screen’?


title: Structure of GNU/Linux

text: I have some basic knowledge about Linux OS like it consist of Kernel.The kernel is core of Linux , It manages all processes, device drivers, and I/O.But My Question is what Linux consists of beside Kernel , Binaries , Device Files and Libs ? Linux Distro's are Open Source so how do I compile whole distro myself ? Like Compiling Whole Arch Linux or Ubuntu Linux on my own then installing it on my computer ?


title: Multiple SSH chaining (tsocks, socksify, proxycommand, etc. )

text: http://i.stack.imgur.com/YTOvt.png      Goal: you need to reach "Server B" from the Client "directly" with SSH, SCP.      "Server B" is next to "Server A". E.g.: they're on the same subnet, but only "Server A" is reachable from the Internet -> so "Server B" is only indirectly accessible.         I know how to use tsocks:   install tsocks                 yum install tsocks      configure it [by default there is no config file..]                 vim /etc/tsocks.conf     server = 127.0.0.1     server_port = 4000      create the ssh tunnel                 ssh -v -fND localhost:4000 USERNAME@SERVER-A      check that if it's created                 ps aux | fgrep -i ssh     USER      8894  0.0  0.0   9780   708 ?        Ss   11:58   0:00 ssh -v -fND localhost:4000 USERNAME@SERVER-A     netstat -tulpn | fgrep -i ssh     tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:4000              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      8894/ssh      how to use tsocks                 tsocks ssh root@SERVER-B      kill the ssh tunnel                 kill `pgrep -f 'D localhost:4000'`         The whole thing is fully OK to me. Fine.      The Question: How can I use multiple ssh tunnels with e.g.: tsocks?   I mean I have to use several ssh tunnels (on different ports of course).   How can I set e.g.: tsocks to "memorize" several ssh tunnels (ports)?      The "/etc/tsocks.conf" file only allows one server, that's ok, because If I ssh tunnel to somewhere I have to go through 127.0.0.1, but I need more ports, because 1 port = 1 ssh tunnel. Several ssh tunnels can't bind to 1 port.   I'm using Fedora 14 for "Desktop PC"      Thank you!


title: How do get unix sort to sort in same order as Java (by unicode value)

text: I shell out sorting to the unix sort command in a Java program I've written. However I am having problems arising from Java's string comparison behaving differently than the comparisons done by sort. From the [Java Doc][1]: > Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the > Unicode value of each character in the strings. From the sort man page: > *** WARNING *** The locale specified by the environment affects sort order. > Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses native byte values. So my guess is need to sort with LC_ALL=C. However I always thought this meant sort based on ASCII value, which means who knows what could happen with unicode.


title: PHP + Exim4 on Debian - mail does not get delivered

text: I have a fresh Debian installation with LAMP. There is a PHP script that sends email messages to arbitrary addresses using the `mail` function, but it does not work - the messages don't get delivered. I have been searching the internet for quite a while and found out that there already is a SMTP server installed by default on Debian - the exim4 package. So I tried the following things so far.   1. Launch the `dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config` command and choose the `internet site; mail is sent and received directly using SMTP` option. Follow the wizard and set the default options.   2. Edit the `/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini` file and add the `sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t` line on the appropriate spot. None of those things have helped. When I try to send emails to my testing GMail address, it is not delivered, even though the address otherwise works fine. The following lines appear in my `/var/log/exim4/mainlog` file everytime I try to send an email.               2013-08-16 10:46:51 1VAFgI-0006FP-UU <= www-data@vps02.4jt.eu U=www-data P=local S=423     2013-08-16 10:46:51 1VAFgI-0006FP-UU => dusan@jezek.biz R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=aspmx.l.google.com [2a00:1450:4001:c02::1b] X=TLS1.2:RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA1:128 DN="C=US,ST=California,L=Mountain View,O=Google Inc,CN=mx.google.com"     2013-08-16 10:46:51 1VAFgI-0006FP-UU Completed


title: Which Linux distro is most popular these days?

text: I was wondering if you could tell me that which is the most famous LINUX operating system these days?


title: Error in Dansguardian init.d sh script?

text: In the `Dansguardian` init.d script there is a function involved in shutdown that looks like:               #!/bin/sh     wait_for_pid()     {      local PID=$1      local RET=0          if [ $PID -eq 0 ] ; then         return $RET     fi          # give 60 secs then KILL     local COUNTDOWN=60          while [ -d /proc/${PID} ] && [ $COUNTDOWN -gt 0 ] ; do         sleep 1         COUNTDOWN=$[$COUNTDOWN-1]     done          .     .     .     }      However, despite it more or less working to shutdown the daemon, it seems to also give an error about the `COUNTDOWN=$[$COUNTDOWN-1]` line . Is this line correct syntax?


title: Stop tailing log

text: I have a problem, I accidentally did tail -f on a log, but now I cant quit! - Its the anaconda log during a redhat install. Control-C doesn't seem to work, I guess due to it saying sh: no job control in this shell ? But I really need to stop tailing as the install is one, and I have to reboot the box.


title: If UID=1000 continues, else exit

text: I am wondering how to implement the following in a bash script.               if UID=1000, continue     else exit     confirm choice (y/n)


title: How to download all man pages for read offline?

text: I like read man pages offline instead of search manual on the web. I saw some commands does't have man pages on the machine but exist on internet. For exampe there is no man pace of the `xrdb` command but exist on linux.die.net. How can I download all man pages for read offline **in man page format(not html or pdf etc)**?


title: Network Connection Type

text: Is there way to determine the LAN connection type is Secure or insecure ? i.e. the lan cable connected to machine is by IEEE802.1X or not ? EDIT: In ubuntu 13.04, When I configure 802.1x security setting and plug the ethernet cable from 802.1x switch then I get the network through Networkmanager. Now, If I remove this cable and connect another normal cable then I do not get any network. How networkmanager manages this ?


title: Gnome3 defaults to fallback

text: I'm new to Arch Linux and I've installed Gnome3. When I start it, it just offered me a fallback mode, that's not bad, I mean I've been using it for several days. But I'd like to try the standard mode now. My graphics card is ATI(HD 6470M & 6520G) and I've installed `xf86-video-ati` but Gnome3 just failed to fallback mode... And after I typed `gnome-shell --replace`, it shows:               failed to create drawable     (gnome-shell:1497): Clutter-CRITICAL **: Unable to initialize Clutter: Unable to select the newly created GLX context     Error window manager: Unable to initialize Clutter. Also there's `nomodeset` in this file: `grub.cfg`, and if I remove it, I could just get a black screen... I really don't know what should I do... how can I solve this problem? Any advice?


title: How to signal the end of stdin input in bash

text: 1. In Bash, I learned that the ending signal can be changed by here document. But by default how can I signal the end of stdin input?   2. I happened to find that with cat and chardet, their stdin inputs can be signaled as finished by Ctrl+d. But I seems to remember that Ctrl+d and Ctrl+c are similar to ending execution of a running command. So am I wrong?


title: What is the difference between 'sudo' and 'su -c'

text: Is there any difference between using `sudo` and using `su -c`? There are situations where one should be used but not the other? I was previously using Ubuntu where `sudo` appears to be ubiquitous but now I'm giving Fedora 15 a try and the idiom `su -c` appears frequently when I'm trying to learn how to do a few things, although I still see `sudo` being used now and then.


title: Accessing .VDI Image from Ubuntu VirtualBox

text: I have Ubuntu 11.04 installed in VirtualBox 4.0.10 on a Windows Vista Home Premium 32-bit host. I have a hard disk that I have added to the SATA Controller on the VirtualBox (a .VDI image). My question is, how can I access the files within that hard disk?


title: General specification for command line interface

text: 1. I was wondering where I can find and learn some general idea about the command line interface used in Linux and bash?   2. As to now, I have found pieces of such information only from experience, such as     1. For cat, without any further arguments, it accepts stdin input. But you may explicitly specify STDIN using the special name `-`, and both ways are equivalent. `cat` can also accept a filename as `cat filename`. So is `-` meant to fill in an argument supposed for filename? Is this usage of `-` also common for other commands?     2. In `chardet <<<somestring`, `<<<` means a string is used as stdin, the same as `echo somestring | chardet`. Is this usage of `<<<` also common?     3. In `cut -c 1-3,20,25- employees`, is the way `1-3,20,25-` to specify a range of numbers for an argument also common in other commands?   3. Last but not least, are these general ideas common to just within bash, or within Linux and Unix, or within software using getopt as command line parser?


title: SSH local port forwarding for web traffic requires proxy configuration in browser settings?

text: I enabled SSH local port forwarding with a command `ssh -NL 8080:whatsmyip.org:80 <remote-sshd-machine>`. Now when I opened up a Firefox and navigated to `http://127.0.0.1:8080`, the web-page did not open. However, if I configured a HTTP proxy to `127.0.0.1` and port `8080` in Firefox network settings menu, then the web-page opened up and whatsmyip.org reported my remote SSH server IP address just as it should. Why did I need to configure proxy settings under browser to get this to work?


title: How can I manage my crontab effectively to avoid issue by multiple updates by multiple users?

text: I have a crontab that includes many users updating it. The problem is that because of this, it is not easy to know who did what modification of a cronjob. I was thinking to create a script to do a `diff` of the crontab with a previously saved version to at least be able to see what has been changed, but I thought that perhaps there is a standard solution for this. What is the best approach for managing my crontab?


title: Arch Linux - installation with old iso image

text: Are there any issues when installing Arch Linux with an old ISO image? Generally all packages are downloaded from mirrors during installation, but I want to be sure.


title: apt upgrade: start a new shell to examine the situation. Where?

text: When I do a dist upgrade, I often get prompts about config files like this:               Configuration file `/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini'      ==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.      ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.        What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:         Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version         N or O  : keep your currently-installed version           D     : show the differences between the versions           Z     : start a shell to examine the situation      The default action is to keep your current version.     *** bash.bashrc (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?      When I choose `Z`, where should I be looking? There are no `.dpkg-old` or `.dpkg-new` files in /etc/php5/apache2/, nor in the directory where I started apt.


title: Black Screen When Booting From .VDI Image

text: I have cloned a VirtualBox machine, which runs Ubuntu 11.04 32-bit as Guest OS. I now wish to transfer it to a new host machine running Windows Vista 32-bit. I’ve transferred the `.vdi` file and adjusted the name and memory. However when I boot it, the options to choose the Linux version came up:   * Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-10-generic   * Linux 2.6.38-10-generic(recovery mode)   * Previous Linux versions   * Memory test. Once I chose Linux 2.6.38 a black screen just appears with an underscore at the top. What should I do to get it to run? I don’t have my original machine near me now so I can only work with my `.vdi` image. My VB is version 4.0.10. I have tried cloning this VDI and also assigning a new UUID and making a new guest, but I still got the black screen.


title: Why can't I call this program using its full path?

text: I am trying to build a command line wrapper in Python 3 for an exiting command line tool called `spooky` and I am having a hard time understanding some strange behavior. If I type spooky on the command line, it brings up the man page for spooky. If I enter the path to the spooky tool (`/path/to/spooky`) on the command line it also brings up the man page for spooky. I can run the spooky program successfully if I place spooky in my path and then enter the required arguments like this:               $ spooky -a 50 -b .97      However, if I do not put spooky in my path and type the following the command, it will not run.               $ /path/to/spooky -a 50 -b .97      Why won't this program run when I enter the program's path and then the required arguments?


title: `unbuffer` or `stdbuf` for removing stdout buffering?

text: Is there a difference between unbuffer(1) and stdbuf(1)? From what I gather, unbuffer makes more than the "best effort" of calling the libc function set(X)buf at the beginning, and then letting things be?


title: How to report "sed" in-place changes

text: When using `sed` to replace strings in-place, is there a way to make it report the changes it does (without relying on a diff of old and new files)? For instance, how can I change the command line               find . -type f | xargs sed -i 's/abc/def/g'      so I can see the changes that are made on the fly?


title: Skip all new device drivers in `make oldconfig` for Linux kernel

text: When using `make oldconfig` I usually look at new options briefly in case there's something important/useful. However, on an existing system I couldn't care less about new device drivers for some hardware I obviously do not have. Is there a way to make `make oldconfig` skip all devices drivers?


title: How to safely enlarge a gzipped file?

text: I have a gzipped file (around 3Kb), and I want its size to be exactly 4000. To achieve this goal, is it safe to add trailing padding with zeroes? (By safe I mean that the content of the gzipped file can be gunzipped without errors.)               dd if=/dev/zero of=/myfile bs=1 count=4000     dd if=/gzipfile.gz of=/myfile      If this is not safe, are there alternatives?


title: Is there a linux distro, that is not installed, but runs from the browser?

text: I remember hearing about something similar. My constraints are:   * It may not be installed on the machine    * It may not be booted via USB or LiveCD What I need, in **decreasing** order of priority:   0. free   1. gcc, binutils, bash   2. low network traffic e.g. =< 1kbps   3. sufficient resources to cross-compile gcc   4. ability to install programs from repos


title: How to get functions propagated to subshell?

text: Solaris / sh I have a few functions defined in a file which gets loaded via               . ./some_file.sh       When I start a subshell with               sh      All my function definitions are lost but when I do               env      I do see the source, is there an easy way to get them functional in my subshell?


title: APEI Generic Hardware Error

text: Over the past week my server (running Debian Jessie) has rebooted twice. In the syslog I see this before each reboot, and at no other points:               Aug 15 13:32:58 hoshimiya kernel: [296512.005355] {1}[Hardware Error]: Hardware error from APEI Generic Hardware Error Source: 1     Aug 15 13:32:58 hoshimiya kernel: [296512.005360] {1}[Hardware Error]: It has been corrected by h/w and requires no further action     Aug 15 13:32:58 hoshimiya kernel: [296512.005361] {1}[Hardware Error]: event severity: corrected     Aug 15 13:32:58 hoshimiya kernel: [296512.005362] {1}[Hardware Error]:  Error 0, type: corrected     Aug 15 13:32:58 hoshimiya kernel: [296512.005363] {1}[Hardware Error]:  fru_text: CorrectedErr     Aug 15 13:32:58 hoshimiya kernel: [296512.005364] {1}[Hardware Error]:   section_type: memory error     Aug 15 13:32:58 hoshimiya kernel: [296512.005365] [Firmware Warn]: error section length is too small      Some googling leads me to believe that this is to do with my ECC RAM detecting and recovering from an error. Is this correct? If it's recovering, why does the system reboot? I'd like to prevent the system from rebooting, if at all possible.


title: Git Alias 'Permission Denied'

text: I'm getting a 'permission denied' error on a git alias. It works with root but not my user account:               $ andy@ubuntu:/usr/local/bin$ sudo git config --global alias.lg "log --color --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit"     $ andy@ubuntu:/usr/local/bin$ git lg         fatal: cannot exec 'git-lg': Permission denied     $ andy@ubuntu:/usr/local/bin$      Any Ideas?


title: HP-UX itanium cannot log in or connect

text: I just had this problem where suddenly I cannot ssh into my HP-UX itanium, but still can ping. Few hours before that, I was still able to so. I tried to force reboot (Pressing the power button). Then, I cannot ssh or ping to the server anymore. My only available option now is to use a serial monitor. After connecting through serial, I found out that all the command in normal shell are now unable to use. Have anyone ever tried debuging using a serial connection? I've googled for manual or guide but still can't find any. Here is a detail of the server: > HP-UX itanium rx2800 > > HP serial monitor EM100 **Edit:** As I mentioned about the command that is unable to use, it is because I was in the EFI shell. I have addaed some picture. Maybe this can help to give more information. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Yh56u.jpg) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/jFYbT.jpg) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/zRdge.jpg) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/HxrFh.jpg) **EDIT:** I've editted 2 more picture when the server first power on. There seems to be some error about the SCSI which is the hard disk. I would like to assume that the hard disk is the cause for this problem, but I'm not really sure. I've also tried to follow this link link, where I tried to reset the configuration back as default. The EFI Shell seems like it doesnt understand the command. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/FdyoS.jpg) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/F9J1P.jpg)


title: Building a Debian-based Linux Distro Online

text: susestudio provides an online tool for building one's own `Redhat-based` `Opensuse linux` distro. However, I am more of a `Debian-based` guy.   I was wondering of there is a similar website that let's us build `Debian- based Linux` distros?


title: How do you set a vlan priority on a nic in freeBSD?

text: This question could arguably be posted on both networking.stackexchange and unix.stackexchange. I'll start here. I have a freeBSD (pfsense 2.1) server running as a router on google fiber. In order to get above 10 Mbps I need to enable egress filtering on the wan port   (aka 802.1p, traffic priority, Class of Service, CoS, vlan pcp ). Running ifconfig, I can see that the `vlanpcp` is set to 0. How do I change the `vlanpcp` from 0 to 3 ?               ifconfig     ...     re0_vlan2: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500         options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM>         ether 00:1c:c0:d5:e0:e2         inet 23.255.241.45 netmask 0xfffff800 broadcast 23.255.247.255         inet6 fe80::21c:c0ff:fed5:e0e2%re0_vlan2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x8         nd6 options=3<PERFORMNUD,ACCEPT_RTADV>         media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)         status: active         vlan: 2 vlanpcp: 0 parent interface: re0      It looks link on linux this can be done with `vconfig`, however freebsd doesn't use vconfig. For reference, I am using these instructions for setting up the vlans. https://www.dropbox.com/s/zg9ju9373t0fnpu/GoogleFiberRouterGuide.pdf https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/fiber/AbNh8ij72Mw


title: Unable to use date command to change specific date format in Bash shell on OS X terminal

text: I am using the `date -d` command to change a specific date format to another. Below is the example used               currDate=`Wed 12 Feb 2014`     formattedDate=`date -d"${currDate}" +%Y%m%d`     echo $formattedDate


title: Save custom keyboard shortcuts in Gnome

text: On my Debian system I've customized my Gnome (Shell) keyboard shortcuts, via System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts. Where do I find the file with these settings so that I can copy the file onto a flash drive for backup and then use it to replace the keyboard shortcuts on other Gnome systems?


title: Process substitution from curl to bash as root

text: I'm trying to run a script from URL as root with this command:               sudo bash <(curl -s http://copy.com/gLVZIqUubzcS/popcorn)      But I'm getting this error:               bash: /dev/fd/63: Aucun fichier ou dossier de ce type      French for "not found". Any ideas what it might be? P.S: I'm running Ubuntu 12.04


title: Redhat Linux: How to know my system configuration?

text: I am using `Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.9 (Tikanga)`. For installation of any application, it is very important to know the system configuration, is it 32 bit or 64 bit system, Installed OS is 32 bit or 64 bit etc... Is there any command which provides me information about my system configuration just like Windows provide when go to `Control Panel\System and Security\System`. Please suggest...


title: Why is my keyboard input slow in Xorg?

text: Ok, this is really strange. I have a pretty bare setup of ubuntu where I start awesomewm and a number of other programs from an .xsession. I'm not running Gnome 3 or anything heavy like that and I've even stopped as many running processes as can to try to figure out what's causing this, to no avail. What I'm seeing is, after maybe an hour after booting my laptop keyboard input gets slow. It's almost like it's adding a 300ms timeout to every keystroke, as if it's waiting for some other keystroke that will trigger some magic combination. If I just type quickly I can't see it for anything except the final keystroke which takes 300ms-1s to display. It's hard to time it, obviously. Weirder still, if I look at a terminal with a blinking cursor I can see that the blinking is not constant. Normally I think it's something like 1s on 1s off, but now it is totally sporadic. I was worried it would be a hardware issue, but when I use a real terminal (ie not in Xorg, Ctrl-Alt-F1, the problem is gone. `dmesg` doesn't really say anything interesting. Neither does `/var/log/Xorg.0.log`. Anyone have any ideas? I think this might be easier to solve in realtime; I'm `frew` on freenode. Feel free to ping and maybe you can help (and of course write what worked here and get the credit.)


title: Program for decrypt linux shadow file

text: Is there any program or script available for decrypt Linux shadow file ?


How can I pipe the output of a program or function into a variable? For example lets say I have this script:               function foobarize () {         sed \         -e "s|${foo}|${bar}|g" \         $1     }          echo foo | foobarize | set THIS_VARIABLE      Obviously it won't work to set the value of `THIS_VARIABLE`. But if I do:               THIS_VARIABLE=$(echo foo | foobarize)      ... that doesn't work either because it strips any trailing newlines. So how do I get the output of `foobarize` into `THIS_VARIABLE` without using back-ticks or $() ?


title: Unexpected behavior from an "os.system"call in Python

text: I want to save the file type of the file `sample` in a text file called `type.txt`. I wrote the following for that in Python:               os.system('file sample > type.txt')      When I run this code, `type.txt` shows the file type as 'empty':               $ cat type.txt     sample: empty      When I run the same code at the Python prompt, the correct file type is included in `type.txt`. But, I want it to get executed from my code. How can I get this to work?


title: How to track SFTP's error

text: I have 1 script which is used for SFTP. I am getting error for permission issue on target server. I want to track this error in log file. How i can track the sftp's error. below is my code,                   sftp  $TragetUsr@$TargetserIP <<-FIL >> $LOGPATH/$Logfile             cd $FTPDir             lcd $FILEPATH             put $ZipFilename             bye         FIL                 SftpStatus=$?                 echo " SftpStatus = $SftpStatus " >> $LOGPATH/$Logfile      When i tried to execute this script on prompt it is showing me permission error. Though I have captured the status of sftp in a variable, It always return me 0. Error I am getting :Connected to Target server IP. remote open("Target server path"): Permission denied. Please help me to capture the error message.


title: Quantify unix responsiveness

text: I am one of the `n` users of a shared unix machine. For reasons unknown, the machine is not "responsive" enough. For example, it is slow on interactive commands, it takes few noticeable moments for any action (e.g. mouse movement, editor (e.g. gvim) keystrokes) to be visible. The problem is, the people supposedly responsible for addressing the issue do not agree that the machine is not responsive. They do some few simple things and say, "It works fine!" How can responsiveness be quantified? What (all) can I measure? I can run shell commands (e.g. `top`) periodically with cron and collect statistics, but I am clueless regarding what is a good statistic to go after. **EDIT** I connect to the machine over VMC.


title: Verbose output in logfile and simple output on screen?

text: Let's say I have the following script: script.sh and i want the verbose output in a logfile and simple output on screen. Logfile should contain the `csh -v script.sh` output, and on the screen should be only the script.sh output. I prefer using piped tee.


title: Record Minecraft with recordmydesktop on Linux Mint 12 64bit

text: With Ubuntu 11.04 or 11.10 I was able to record Minecraft video with the following command:               recordmydesktop --windowid $(xdotool selectwindow) --no-cursor --full-shots --fps 25 --no-wm-check --no-frame -o ~/out.ogv      After installing Linux Mint 12, this fails in several ways:   * Most of the time the recording area doesn't align with the application window I just clicked - Maybe the geometry is not reported correctly (I'm using Compiz on a dual-screen desktop)   * When the area aligns the recording dimensions are not quite correct - It looks like the area of the frame is still included.   * When the Minecraft window is even within the frame, no motion can be seen in the resulting video. Video is still recorded, because if I remove `\--no-cursor` I can see it moving around.   * Sometimes it seems like it completely ignores the Minecraft window and records whatever is behind it.   * VLC and MPlayer seem to have trouble playing the resulting file, while Totem works. Any idea of a **fix**? If not, has anybody been able to **record Minecraft videos on Linux Mint 12 64bit**?


title: How can I verify that a PGP key is imported into RPM?

text: One can import a key with: > rpm --import /path/to/key But how can you tell later if you have already imported this key? Trying to reimport it will fail with an error and I am trying to avoid this as I am using Puppet to install the key.


title: LUKS encryption for tape media?

text: I was wondering, if it was possible to use LUKS encryption with tape drives, QIC for instance. I'm using LUKS for USB drives and internal disks, even DVDs and CDROMs. But I was thinking of maybe using it to encrypt tape drives as well. Should I just use `cryptsetup luksFormat` directly to the tape drive and then enable the device with `cryptsetup luksOpen`?


title: Wheezy locales problem - gnome-control-center region crashes with segfault

text: In the last couple of days my locales have a serious issue. I normally am "en_GB.UTF-8". Suddenly when running apt, error messages are appearing saying               Traceback (most recent call last):     File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 33, in <module>     from ALChacks import *     File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/ALChacks.py", line 32, in <module>     sys.stderr.write(_("Can't set locale; make sure $LC_* and $LANG are correct!\n"))     NameError: name '_' is not defined     perl: warning: Setting locale failed.     perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:     LANGUAGE = (unset),     LC_ALL = (unset),     LC_TIME = "en_gb",     LC_MONETARY = "en_gb",     LC_MEASUREMENT = "en_gb",     LC_NUMERIC = "en_gb",     LANG = "en_US.utf8"     are supported and installed on your system.     perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").     locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory     locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory     locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory     Gtk-WARNING **: Locale not supported by C library.     Using the fallback 'C' locale. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd    /Gnome.pm line 97, <> line 1.      Also if I try to run "gnome-control-center region" it either segfaults or the GUI appears, but if I try to set anything, it segfaults. Notice the "en_gb"s in the error message - a lower-case "GB" is illegal. Also I don't think en_US even exists as a locale on my system. When I login a dialog asks me if I want to rename directories as "my language has changed" - a bit disturbing. I think it started after an update, but I did try to install gnome-shell 3.2 from sid (because I mistakenly believed it would be easy to fulfil its dependencies, & wanted to use gnome extensions). I rolled it back, but could that have bent something out of shape? If so what should I reinstall? Output of /usr/bin/locale:               locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory     locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory     locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory     LANG=en_US.utf8     LANGUAGE=     LC_CTYPE="en_US.utf8"     LC_NUMERIC=en_gb     LC_TIME=en_gb     LC_COLLATE="en_US.utf8"     LC_MONETARY=en_gb     LC_MESSAGES="en_US.utf8"     LC_PAPER="en_US.utf8"     LC_NAME="en_US.utf8"     LC_ADDRESS="en_US.utf8"     LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.utf8"     LC_MEASUREMENT=en_gb     LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.utf8"     LC_ALL=      Output of locale -a:               C     C.UTF-8     en_GB     en_GB.iso88591     en_GB.utf8     POSIX


title: Set tab width in GUI terminal

text: I found that               setterm -regtabs 4      doesn't work in xterm or urxvt. But, this               xterm_set_tabs () {        TERM=linux;       export $TERM;       setterm -regtabs 4     }      will circumvent the problem. But, I suspect it is suboptimal as (1) I get a gfx bug I can't otherwise explain (at least, if I get the tab stuff right that possibility is ruled out), and (2) when I ssh to my school's Solaris, and run `emacs -nw`, it says the terminal "linux" is unknown! So then I have to change it back to "xterm". Of course, this is silly as all the while I'm using the same terminal... Also, perhaps not relying on tabs at all is a good rule of thumb!


title: RTC is not saving time after hwclock

text: So I'm having quite a bit of trouble trying to get my system to set the hardware clock's time. Here is what I did just now, everything has worked, right? The first and last command seem to indicate that I have changed the hardware clock's time.               [omed@localhost ~]$ sudo hwclock -r     Fri 19 Aug 2011 12:15:59 PM MDT  -0.407669 seconds     [omed@localhost ~]$ sudo ntpdate 0.pool.ntp.org     19 Aug 12:16:21 ntpdate[1816]: step time server 76.73.0.4 offset 94694401.172566 sec     [omed@localhost ~]$ date     Tue Aug 19 12:16:26 MDT 2014     [omed@localhost ~]$ sudo hwclock -w     [omed@localhost ~]$ sudo hwclock -r     Tue 19 Aug 2014 12:16:41 PM MDT  -0.329495 seconds      However, a few notes about the device is that it's an intel Q7 (image here) module plugged into a carrier board designed by someone else. The RC uses a battery that isn't actually on the device, but comes from a battery on the carrier board. **The RTC does store and save time set through the BIOS** , however, if I power the system off and back on (without doing standard shutdown, literally just cutting power to the board), after logging in, this happens:               [omed@localhost ~]$ sudo hwclock -r     Fri 19 Aug 2011 12:23:02 PM MDT  -0.580141 seconds      issuing a `poweroff` command and then power-cycling the device **does** save the time to the RTC successfully, however doing a 'clean' shutdown is not an option, what does linux do during shutdown that it doesn't do when I run hwclock? The calibration time and drift time from the RTC also show the correct date for drift/calibration (August 2014, as below), but doesn't actually display the correct time (for some reason it still thinks it's 2011).               [omed@localhost ~]$ sudo hwclock -r -D     ...     Last drift adjustment done at 1408472197 seconds after 1969     Last calibration done at 1408472197 seconds after 1969     ...     Time read from Hardware Clock: 2011/08/19 18:26:45     Hw clock time : 2011/08/19 18:26:45 = 1313778405 seconds since 1969     Fri 19 Aug 2011 12:26:45 PM MDT  -0.877045 seconds      The system is a special distro based around embedded systems (timesys bowler 14), however, it is based on fedora 14 and is close enough that it can be treated as fedora.


title: How do I make my disk unmap pending unreadable sectors

text: I have a disk with some pending unreadable sectors, according to smartd. What would be the easiest way to make the disk remap them and stop smartd from complaining? Today, I get two of these every hour:               Sep 10 23:15:35 hylton smartd[3353]: Device: /dev/sdc, 1 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors      The system is an x86 system running Ubuntu Linux 9.10 (jaunty). The disk is part of an LVM group. This is how smartctl identifies the disk:               Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar Second Generation Serial ATA family     Device Model:     WDC WD5000AAKS-00TMA0     Serial Number:    WD-WCAPW4207483     Firmware Version: 12.01C01     User Capacity:    500,107,862,016 bytes


title: Installing virtualmin over webmin

text: I'm setting up a CentOS 6 server, and I need to install virtualmin. The server already comes with webmin setup, but there's no way I can see how to access virtualmin, so I assume it's not been set up yet. I went to this page - http://www.virtualmin.com/download.html - and downloaded and ran the `install.sh` script. However, confusingly, the instructions at the page say that after the completion of the script I should just navigate to https://{my IP address}:10000, and I'll see virtualmin. This is baffling to me, because this is the same address for the **webmin** page, and to my not very great surprise, it is the webmin page I am taken to when I navigate to that address. Can anyone provide clarity on how exactly I am supposed to access virtualmin after running the install script?


title: Why are devd rules applied before devfs rules?

text: ## My problem I have the following lines in `/etc/devd.conf` which execute the `usbhidaction` for a `/dev/uhid*` device with the named vendor and product id.               attach 100 {         match "vendor"  "0x046a";         match "product" "0x0107";         action "/usr/local/bin/sudo -u my_user /usr/bin/usbhidaction -f $device-name -p /var/hid_run/usbaction.pid -c /etc/hidactions/cherry_JK0200";     };      and the following lines in `/etc/devfs.rules`               [tant=10]     add path 'uhid*' mode 0660 group hid      But when I reboot the devd part is executed before the devfs part and then `my_user` has no permissions to read from `/dev/uhid*`.   * Now why is devfs slower then devd, and what can I do to fix this?   * Is there another way to configure the devfs? ## Why I do this I bought a new keyboard and the function keys are an additional usb-hid device. Now I wanted to execute small scripts when I press one of these function keys, like decrease volume or mute volume. Since the scripts are from the my_user I don't want the programs be executed by root. Especially not something like a calculator or a shell.


title: Test for files containing certain numbers on its names

text: Suppose that the folder `$folder` contains the files `2012-01,...,2012-N1,2013-01,...,2013-N2` and so on. I'd like my script to ask for a natural number `M` and:               if the files 20M-* exist     then ask for other natural number M2 and        if the file 20M-M2 exists        then open it     else warning msg      Since the files change a lot, my `case` test is not so dynamical. Any idea? Thanks.


title: I recently ran updates now the terminal doesn't see installed packages

text: As the title says, I recently ran the system updater. At the time there was 400 updates. I installed them all and everything was peachy. A few days later it showed that I had more updates. So, wanting to avoid getting to 400 updates again, I ran them. There was only 4 and they were all related to python libs. These were all level 3 updates and I installed them the day after they came out (6/25/13). I am a Ruby On Rails developer and the next day I came in and was working on a project, I went to run my rails server with the command `rails s` and I got this message:               rails is not currently installed please run apt-get install rails to install.      I then tried to run `rake`, `cap -f deploy`(capistrano), and even `ruby -v` and I got the same message for all of them. RubyMine (my IDE) still sees that ruby on rails is installed, and I can run my dev server though that.This is not ideal however so:   **How do I make my terminal see my ruby on rails installation again?**


title: How do I detect a copy event in Finder?

text: I am trying to strip formatting from text copied from my Illustrator docs. Someone accurately pointed out to me that running `pbpaste | pbcopy` via command-line will perform this action on text in the clipboard, but obviously it's not ideal to run this every time I copy something from Illustrator. Is there a way to detect this event and then fire it off every time something in the system is copied via a shell script?


title: Fork call and recursion

text: #include <stdio.h>     #include <stdlib.h>     #include <string.h>          int main(int argc, char *argv[])     {         fork();         fork();         fork();              puts("hi");              return 0;     }      This program prints 8 times "hi" and exits. Why? Is not each `fork` calling `main` recursively as in: `f(): "hi"; f()`?


title: How to diff a file and output from the command?

text: Normally you would write:               diff file1 file2      But I would like to diff a file and output from the command (here I make command a trivial one):               diff file1 <(cat file2 | sort)      Ok, this work when I enter this manually at shell prompt, but when I put exactly the same line in shell script, and then run the script, I get error. So, the question is -- how to do this correctly? _Of course I would like avoid writing the output to a temporary file._


title: Using Linux Mint as a Windows application

text: I know it is possible to install Ubuntu as a Windows application. I'd like to know if it is also possible to do so with Linux Mint, which I would like to try. I already know that this kind of usage will have bad performance, but since I just need the Linux dist to run one single program I still want to do this. Would it be better to install into a VirtualBox?


title: How to view all packages in some overlay?

text: I have some overlay installed. How I can see all packages in there ?


title: Need to auto-login after logout on ubuntu

text: I've set up a kiosk using Ubuntu 12.04, and I'd like to have it autologin after a user logs out or if the screen locks, in case someone manages to get back to lightdm or tries to login to the non-kiosk account after a reboot. I've tried setting display-setup-script in lightdm.conf to run xautolock to trigger restarting lightdm, but that just causes Ubuntu startup in low graphics mode. So basically, if lightdm is active instead of a user being logged in, log in the kiosk user.


title: How to maintain file ownership when running 'yum update'

text: I'm running `CentOS 6.2` and installed `nginx` as root. After the install I changed the owner and group of the install to it's own user and group to keep thing a bit more secure. I logged in as root and ran `yum update` which updated `nginx` and I noticed a lot of the file owners groups were reverted back to root. Is there a way I can retain the ownership I want when performing updates? Maybe login as the `nginx` user and performing the update (is that even possible or recommended?)


title: Is there any reason to have ntpd sync to Local(0) if server is not used as a time source?

text: Running CentOS release 5.8 I had a time drift issue on a server which I fixed - it was not syncing the hwclock so that on a reboot ntp would be more than 1000 seconds off and never sync time. While investigating the problem I noticed that ntpd was synchronizing to Local(0) regularly. # Is there any reason to have ntpd configured to sync to Local(0) when this server is never going to be used as a time source? "The Answer" - you don't need to use Undisciplined Local Clock unless you want to use this server as a local time server when connecting to other time servers fail. Log messages from ntpd:               Jul 20 03:47:49 localhost ntpd[5441]: synchronized to 110.14.8.1, stratum 3     Jul 20 04:21:06 localhost ntpd[5441]: synchronized to LOCAL(0), stratum 10     Jul 20 04:38:09 localhost ntpd[5441]: synchronized to 110.14.8.1, stratum 3     Jul 20 04:55:26 localhost ntpd[5441]: synchronized to LOCAL(0), stratum 10      ntpd.conf:               # Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.     # Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).     server 10.4.58.21     # Undisciplined Local Clock. This is a fake driver intended for backup     # and when no outside source of synchronized time is available.     server  127.127.1.0     # local clock     fudge   127.127.1.0 stratum 10      We are going to disable local-sync, but still curious why the local-sync is happening at all. We put a temporary time server in place on the same sub-net, and ntpd still syncs to local time. (* Possible answer: ntpdc -c sysinfo stats that the startum of the ntp server is 11 which is worse than the 10 we told ntpd to use for the local. Time to go look at the source for ntpd *)               Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpdate[5432]: step time server 227.220.222.220 offset 1629.764734 sec     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5434]: ntpd 4.2.2p1@1.1570-o Fri Nov 18 13:21:21 UTC 2011 (1)     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: precision = 1.000 usec     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: Listening on interface wildcard, 0.0.0.0#123 Disabled     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: Listening on interface wildcard, ::#123 Disabled     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: Listening on interface eth0 Enabled     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: Listening on interface lo, ::1#123 Enabled     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: Listening on interface lo, 127.0.0.1#123 Enabled     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: Listening on interface eth0, 192.12.140.55#123 Enabled     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: kernel time sync status 0040     Jul 24 17:11:32 localhost ntpd[5435]: frequency initialized 0.000 PPM from /var/lib/ntp/drift     Jul 24 17:14:48 localhost ntpd[5435]: synchronized to LOCAL(0), stratum 10     Jul 24 17:16:55 localhost ntpd[5435]: synchronized to 192.12.140.200, stratum 3     Jul 24 20:11:06 localhost ntpd[5435]: synchronized to LOCAL(0), stratum 10     Jul 24 20:20:50 localhost ntpd[5435]: synchronized to 192.12.140.200, stratum 3


title: How can I queue up an entire directory for FTP?

text: Currently I know how to do this:               curl -T file.zip ftp://server.domain.com/ --user username:password      Which will let me do a single file. However I can't figure out how to do it for a directory. I would like to use a similar command and specify a directory instead of a single file and have it upload that directory and all contents maintaining folder structure. How is that done?


title: Escape Code to Change Cursor Shape

text: I know that Konsole supports an escape code like `"\<Esc>]50;CursorShape=0\x7"` that will change the cursor shape. I was wondering if any other terminal emulators support changing the cursor shape via an escape code?


title: Unzip to location

text: I am using unzip through putty and it works ok. However, using the same command through a .NET C# SSH library (Renci.SshNet) gives different results.               SshClient s = new SshClient("ssh_host", "ssh_port", "ssh_username", "ssh_password");     SshCommand c = s.RunCommand("unzip -o \"/home/parent/child/1.zip\ 1.txt"")      This same command through putty, extracts it in 'child', using this, the 1.txt ends up in 'parent'. The return result of the Sshcommand is the same as Putty's return :               Archive:  /home/parent/child/1.zip     extracting: 1.txt      Why is it extracting one level up? The only difference i can see is that i used cd to position myself to the directory (in Putty).


title: Are there widespread filesystems which represent directories with structures optimized for fast lookup?

text: In "The Art of Unix Programming", on the topic of The Terminfo Database I read: > If you look in the terminfo directory, you'll see subdirectories named by > single printable characters. Under each of these are the entries for each > terminal type that has a name beginning with that letter. The goal of this > organization was to avoid having to do a linear search of a very large > directory; **under more modern Unix file systems, which represent > directories with B-trees or other structures optimized for fast lookup, the > subdirectories won't be necessary.** I wonder if there are widespread (i.e. production ready) filesystems with this quality.