title: postfix default alias used even when I have other aliases

text: I tried adding a rule to /etc/aliases which would send a message to /dev/null if it was sent to a particular alias:               fooname: /dev/null      I have postfix set up with a default address for a particular domain in my /etc/postfix/virtual file:               @mydomain.com  realuser      I have multiple domains mapped to this server. I've found that if I send a message to "fooname@mydomain.com, realuser@mydomain.com, fooname@otherdomain.com, realuser@otherdomain.com" I will receive the first, second, and fourth messages, but I won't receive the third. The upshot is that entries in /etc/aliases don't seem to short circuit the email sending. How do I send messages for particular aliases to /dev/null while still keeping the default alias?


title: Moving tmux window to pane

text: How do I move an existing window into a pane in another window in **tmux** when I have multiple windows, and vice versa? I'm coming from **screen** , where I can switch to the pane and then switch windows until I get to the one I want; **tmux** does not seem to allow this.


title: Which Grub to use for a custom portable boot image?

text: I would like to make a bootable USB/Floopy/LiveCD with linux kernel and Grub. After booting to that USB/Floopy/LiveCD using VirtualBox or directly, it will show my own customized Grub screen and then it will execute my C or Pascal application. I was trying to download grub but I am not sure which one I should use. Is there any issue to download the correct version of Grub such as for 32-Bit or 64-Bit downloads are different? Which Grub should I download to get started with my own customized bootable image?


title: Multiline pattern match using sed, awk or grep

text: Is it possible to do a multiline pattern match using `sed`, `awk` or `grep`? Take for example, I would like to get all the lines between `{` and `}` So it should be able to match                1. {}      2. {.....}      3. {.....                 .....} Initially the question used `<p>` as an example. Edited the question to use `{` and`}`.


title: Setting up server to share music with tv

text: Can someone please point me in the right direction? Hopefully first by letting me know if this is possible... I recently purchased a home theater system which you plug via hdmi into the tv. It has its own nice gui with netflix, and youtube, and blah blah blah. One of the options was to "browse your computer." When you click on it it tries to connect to a server to find music/videos. Can I use my Ubuntu installed laptop to host a server to put music on and play it wirelessly essentially? I believe this is possible and should be pretty straight forward. How would I go about creating a server on the same laptop I would be interacting with it...I could then secure copy or sftp the files back and forth. Is there like special settings to keep in mind? Any words of wisdom would be appreciated. Tx C


title: Scripting htdigest -c /path/to/file/$user $user $password in Bash

text: I want to be able to script with a password in variable $password.               htdigest -c /etc/apache2/pw/$user $user $password      At the moment it asks me to manually enter a password, this is not going to be possible since it will be an automated setup by a PHP script. Could someone please show me how to script this? Or an equivalent scriptable function?


title: Switching between split buffers in vim

text: recently starting trying to use VIM as my full-time text editor since I spent a lot of time SSH'ed anyways. Recently installed NERDTree so I can quickly swap between files in a project. Easy question that I can't seem to find on Google (perhaps not using the right terminology) - how do I easily switch focus between the two buffers when using NERDTree? Meaning how can I go from browsing the directory on the left to browsing the file on the right easily? Thanks.


title: Unmanaged VPS bought today. Sendmail not functioning correctly

text: I purchased an unmanaged VPS today. I moved my website on over, and when I try to send an email. It returns a blank page. Not to mention I had to install PHP myself. Apache was there, for some reason, but PHP was installed using, "`yum install php` - so...I don't know if I'm missing a package or what. I used, `yum install sendmail*` - but that didn't affect anything. Here is a pastebin of my code: Index.php http://pastebin.com/xxNdhUmC - Page with the form, stripped of unnecessary material. Send.php http://pastebin.com/NjP0xZn9 - Supposed to send the mail, but get's stuck and returns blank page. URL: www.jakeandersen.me


title: dual-head with NVidia Quadro FX3450/4000 on Centos 6.2

text: I am having troubles setting up dualhead with an NVidia Quadro FX3450/4000 card with Centos 6.2. The driver is installed from ELRepo. I set up twinview with nvidia-settings (and checked `/etc/X11/xorg.conf`). Both monitors are recognized and properly set up (desktop spans both of them, for instance), but **one of them always goes to powersave mode immediately**. Both LCD's are connected through DVI ports on the card and are functional (i.e. work with other computers, or when swapped). My `xorg.conf` says:               Option         "TwinView" "1"     Option         "metamodes" "DFP-0: 1280x1024_60 +0+0, DFP-1: 1280x1024_60  1280+0;"      Here is a snippet from `Xorg.0.log`:               (**) Aug 03 13:45:50 NVIDIA(0): ConnectedMonitor string: "DFP-0, DFP-1"     ...     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0): Connected display device(s) on Quadro FX 3450/4000 SDI at     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0):     PCI:1:0:0     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0):     DELL 1908FP (DFP-0)     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0):     AOC LM929 (DFP-1)     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0): DELL 1908FP (DFP-0): 310.0 MHz maximum pixel clock     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0): DELL 1908FP (DFP-0): Internal Dual Link TMDS     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0): AOC LM929 (DFP-1): 155.0 MHz maximum pixel clock     (--) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0): AOC LM929 (DFP-1): Internal Single Link TMDS     (**) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0): TwinView enabled     ...     (II) Aug 03 13:45:51 NVIDIA(0): Virtual screen size determined to be 2560 x 1024      Any hints to troubleshoot that? I thought installing the nouveau driver would help (as it supports XRandr properly, and I would not miss 3D acceleration that much), but I cannot find it through `yum`. The system was installed by university staff and I am not sure which repository to enable to get nouveau.


title: Add carriage return to output of `tail` while using `grep`

text: I'm looking to refactor the following command:               tail -f production.log |         grep -e "Processing " -e "compatible;" -e "Completed in " -e      This is the output of the command: > Processing BasketController#cross_sell_product (for 85.189.237.x at > 2011-08-03 12:46:07) [POST] "RequestLog","2011-08-03 > 12:46:07","12595","www.website.com","/basket/cross_sell_product/113","85.189.237.x","Mozilla/5.0 > (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)" Completed in > 0.07853 (12 reqs/sec) | Rendering: 0.01402 (17%) | DB: 0.01439 (18%) | 200 > OK [https://www.website.com/basket/cross_sell_product/113] This is great and exactly what I want however I'd like to see is a carridge return or two afterwards so I can study the logs as blocks. I tried to add `\n` to the end however this didn't work.


title: Bash: keybinding/trap issue

text: My .bashrc has the following:               # Alt+L lists current directory     bind -x "\"\el\":ls -ltrF --color=auto;"          # trap commands and echo them to xterm titlebar.     trap 'echo -ne "\033]0;$BASH_COMMAND - $USER@${HOSTNAME}>$(pwd)\007"' DEBUG      Demo of the problem:               bash-4.2$ [Alt+L] #works     total 0     -rw-rw-r--  1 me 1234 0 Aug  3 07:11 foo     -rw-rw-r--  1 me 1234 0 Aug  3 07:11 bar     bash-4.2$ ls -ltr #fails first time     bash: -ltr: command not found     bar  foo     bash-4.2$ ls -ltr #works second time     total 0     -rw-rw-r--  1 me 1234 0 Aug  3 07:11 foo     -rw-rw-r--  1 me 1234 0 Aug  3 07:11 bar      As you can see, the `ls` command fails the first time after executing the key binding. I believe it has to do with the trap. Removing the trap fixes the issue. Is there any way to fix this without removing the trap?


title: Mysql / swap space full

text: I have MySQL Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.45 server running on Multiflex Intel Blade having 8G of RAM & 8 x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5410 @ 2.33GHz. The problems I am facing are:   1. For the last 3-4 days my 2G swap space is getting full & the server goes into hangged state and I need to reboot the server each time. Output of `free -m`:                           total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached     Mem:          7971        933       7037          0          0        800     -/+ buffers/cache:        132       7838     Swap:         1983        785       1198        2. I have added 2G more swap space but still problem exists. `/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -e "show variables like '%cache%';"`:              +------------------------------+----------------------+     | Variable_name                | Value                |     | binlog_cache_size            | 32768                |      | have_query_cache             | YES                  |      | key_cache_age_threshold      | 300                  |      | key_cache_block_size         | 1024                 |      | key_cache_division_limit     | 100                  |      | max_binlog_cache_size        | 18446744073709551615 |      | ndb_cache_check_time         | 0                    |      | query_cache_limit            | 1048576              |      | query_cache_min_res_unit     | 4096                 |      | query_cache_size             | 536870912            |      | query_cache_type             | ON                   |      | query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF                  |      | table_cache                  | 1024                 |      | thread_cache_size            | 16                   |       Any suggestions?


title: Why is an application via 'ssh -X' slower than vncviewer via 'ssh -X'

text: Very simple question with strange effect: If I run a programm via x-forward it performs very bad when it comes to animations. E.g.:               ssh -X <USER>@<SERVER> "application"      But if I start a remote vnc server and connect to it **remotly** via ssh, then the animations and all the other stuff runs much smoother. E.g.:               DSPLY=1 && ssh -X <USER>@<SERVER> "vncserver :$DSPLY ; vncviewer localhost:$DSPLY"      In my opinion it is (more or less) the same amount of data which needs to be transmit via ssh. So why is there such a big difference in speed?


title: In emacs are any key sequences available for user macro bindings in all modes

text: I have recently started using `org mode` in emacs, but my macro bound in my initialisation file to `C-x C-k T` no longer works because this combination is used by `outline mode` which underpins `org mode`. I went by "Learning Gnu Emacs" by Debra Cameron et al. pub by O'Reilly, which states on page 160 that the sequences `C-x C-k` with 0-9 and A-Z are reserved for user macro bindings. This itself is contradicted, I have just noticed, on page 193, where, in `outline mode`, `C-c C-k` is bound to `Show -> Show branches`. So, please, are there any key sequences that are available still, and will be in all circumstances? I have left out the detail of my macro because it is irrelevant to this question. * * * I have left the original question as it is to explain my mistake. Thanks to @Gilles I realise that I made a silly mistake in confusing `C-c` with `C-x`. The problem manifested itself in that using `.org` mode seemed to redefine my key bindings. This I have now resolved by using `C-x <letter>` instead of `C-c <letter>`. Macros bound to these still work in `.org mode` As to the question of what key sequence bindings are available, see: http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_set_keys_for_major_mode.html. This is part of an excellent and comprehensive set of articles on emacs by "Xah", available at: http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs.html, and well worth the $15 he asks for them. This is almost an answer rather than an extension to my question. I have put it here to retain my acceptance of @Gilles earlier answer, and as it is too long for a comment


title: LVM2 Mirror Support Missing from Kernel after System Migration

text: I had a system that was running on a small netbook that had LVM2 set up to group two external USB hard drives into a volume group, and to use that volume group to create a mirrored logical volume. Then I wanted to migrate to a better machine, so I copied the disk image to a better laptop, and booted. All good so far. I can get LVM to recognize the two attached USB hard drives, and to recognize that they're LVM-enabled, and to recognize that they're part of the same volume group. I can export and import that volume group. However, when I try to enable it (`vgchange -ay vg_mirror`), I get the following error and output: > Can't process LV lv_mirror: mirror target support missing from kernel? > > 0 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg_mirror" now active I've tried uninstalling (both `apt-get uninstall` and `apt-get purge`) and reinstalling to no avail. I'm running a 686 kernel on an Intel Core i3, so I doubt that's the issue, although I can't figure out why switching machines would have borked any kernel drivers other than an instruction set or hardware incompatability. Any ideas?


title: Meaning of `export PATH=…` in .bash_profile

text: I'm using a mac for some years now and as I'm currently learning ruby on rails, I felt like I should learn more about the system I'm using. I took a look at the `~/.bash_profile`, it looks like this               PATH="/Users/nikolajandersen/.apportable/SDK/bin:$PATH"          [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM$          # Setting PATH for Python 3.3     # The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave     PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin:${PATH}"     export PATH     export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH     export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH      I'm completely new to this and tried to google my way though this but there are still some questions. The first one is: as there are two identical `export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH` lines, I tried to delete the one. As a result, commands like nano and ls didn't work anymore. I reverted the change but I don't understand why it has to stated two times. Another question is: why does it sometimes $PATH and sometimes just PATH without the $? Why does `-s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"` stand in [[ ]] braces? And what does `export PATH` do? Maybe someone could guide me to an easy to understand guide / tutorial / book where I could learn all this? **Update** This is the output of `echo $PATH`               /usr/local/bin:/usr/local/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin:/Users/nikolajandersen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353/bin:/Users/nikolajandersen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353@global/bin:/Users/nikolajandersen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p353/bin:/Users/nikolajandersen/.rvm/bin:/Users/nikolajandersen/.apportable/SDK/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/opt/sm/bin:/opt/sm/pkg/active/bin:/opt/sm/pkg/active/sbin      It seems like you were right with the newline. I deleted the line again and made sure that there is a blank line in the end. Now the commands are still working.


title: how to send keyboard signal using a shell script

text: I have an application in graphical interface that when I run it, it's not opened in full screen mode, but when I use the keyboard shortcut `Alt`+`Ctrl`+`M` , it becomes fullscreen, I want to change the default behavior of the app to be opened in fullscreen mode. I want to write a shell script to send this shortcut keys when I open the application, can you help me?


title: How to get ids from xml file into mysql?

text: I've got 8 xml files and need to do some work on these records in mysql. What is a good way to get these IDs into mysql?               <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>     <Records>       <Record>         <RecordMain>           <Provider/>           <ProviderID>M14723</ProviderID>           ...      I'm kind of thinking it will be some slick grepping into a text file that I can use to create insert statements into a new, simple table that only contains these xml ids. Unfortunately, I'm not that handy with the basic unix tools yet... thanks in advance


title: Split PDF into documents with several pages each

text: There are several resources on the web explaining how one can split a PDF into many files with on page per file. But how can you split them into chunks of, say, five pages each? I have looked into the standard tools such as `pdftk` but could not find an option doing what I want.


title: How to create my own Linux distro (say from ubuntu source code)?

text: I wish to create my own Linux distribution (not editing linux kernel) from an existing OS like Ubuntu. To be specific, I wish to have my Linux distro from Ubuntu source code. I am planning to change the way the Ubuntu desktop looks. (E.g. I wish to pop up TimeTable when clicking the date in the desktop). How can I do that?


title: number parsing in awk

text: I have a text file with numbers in second column and the numbers have thousand-separator and decimal-separator:               2014-01     2,277.40     2014-02     2,282.20     2014-03     3,047.90     2014-04     4,127.60     2014-05     5,117.60          I need to sum the numbers, but the following `awk` syntax does not work:               awk '{X=X+$2} END {print X}' file      It returns `16`, which is obviously wrong. How can I tell `awk` to read the number as `2277.40` instead of `2,277.40`?


title: is it possibe to change parent shell's working directory programmatically?

text: I want to write some code to allow me switching to some directories that I usually go to. Say this program is `mycd`, and `/a/very/long/path/name` is the directory that I want to go to. So I can simply type `mycd 2` instead of `cd /a/very/long/path/name`. Here I assume `mycd` knows `2` refers to that `/a/very/long/path/name` . There might also be `mycd 1`, `mycd 3`, ... etc. The problem is I have to write `mycd` as a shell script and type `. mycd 2` to do the desired thing because otherwise the script just get executed in a child script which doesn't change anything about the parent shell that I actually care about. My question is:   * can I do it without using `source`? because `. mycd` assumes `mycd` has to be a shell script and this might also introduce some functions that I don't want.   * can I implement it in some other programming languages?


title: CentOS 6.5 will not sleep after period of inactivity

text: I've recently upgraded my `Ubuntu 12.04 LTS` to `CentOS 6.5`. This is a desktop PC (non-server) that I would like to sleep/power down after a period of inactivity. I have the following settings in my `Power Management` section, but these are not working the PC remains fully powered on no matter how long it sits idle. The sleep feature was working with `Ubuntu` am I missing a setting somewhere? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/joNiG.png)               [root@spaceship ~]# lshal |grep suspen       org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.SystemPowerManagement.method_execpaths =  'hal-    system-power-suspend', 'hal-system-power-suspend-hybrid', 'hal-system-power-hibernate', 'hal-system-power-shutdown', 'hal-system-power-reboot',  hal-system-power-set-power-save'} (string list)       power_management.can_suspend = true  (bool)       power_management.can_suspend_hybrid = false  (bool)       power_management.can_suspend_to_disk = true  (bool)       power_management.can_suspend_to_ram = true  (bool)      I've found the following commands do work to suspend, but the computer still will not suspend or hibernate with inactivity:               To suspend to ram:       echo mem > /sys/power/state          To suspend to disk:       echo disk > /sys/power/state


title: Why is aliasing over standard commands not recommended?

text: For example, a common alias I've seen in the `~/.bashrc` file (or equivalents) is               alias rm='rm -i'      However, I've seen people recommend against this because   1. the alias might not exist on another system and since you've become careless with `rm`, you inadvertently delete something important. [1]   2. by using this alias, you in effect train yourself to type `y` or `yes` after every `rm` command, which defeats the whole purpose.  Are there other reasons to recommend against this? Might some programs simply make calls to `rm` instead of `\rm`, and aliasing over it could cause problems for them? I use `rm` simply as an example, but I've seen other commands like `cp` or `mv` covered by aliases as well. Personally, I'm slowly training myself to use an alias like this in place of `rm -i`:               alias trash=`mv -v -t $HOME/.Trash`


title: What is the difference between "du -sh *" and "du -sh ./*"?

text: The title says it all. What's the difference between those 2 commands? **NOTE:** I'm more interested in the `*` and `./*` part.


title: Power USB port of MacBook Pro while sleeping

text: I installed Fedora 20 on my MacBook Pro. I'm also an iPhone user. While I can charge the iPhone using the USB port when working, once the computer falls asleep, the USB ports are powered off. This is not the case while running OS X. Any suggestions as to how to change this behavior?


title: How to fix kdenlive crashes on Ubuntu 13.10 during scene finding

text: I am new to the video editing software `kdenlive` and tried to use it to edit a large `avi`` file. I added the`avi`clip and started a job to find the scenes in this avi. Halfway through the clip (after 30 minutes or so),`kdenlive` suddenly crashed. How can I fix this problem? Additional information related to my questions will be given below once they are asked. As I have no idea whether the issue is related to Ubuntu, the desktop, kdenlive or the `avi` file, I cannot be more specific at this point. **Additional information**   * Sometimes the program outputs the following:               Unable to start Dr. Konqi      But there seems to exist no package which might solve this problem.


title: Weird behavior after upgrade

text: I upgraded my old computer and weird things have started happening. I successfully installed Debian and everything seemed to be fine but in a few days I noticed that after ~10 hours of work the display started showing different colors instead of the image ( I can share the video if it's of any interest). When I pressed the button to turn it off the normal console appeared and there was nothing wrong in logs after the reboot (Maybe I don't know where to look?) I connected the display via DVI (instead of VGA as It'd used to be) and instead of showing different colors the monitor started blinking randomly. During blinking and showing different colors other services usually (but not always) seemed to work fine (I'm using this computer as a hotspot 24/7). After the last episode I noticed this in /var/log/syslog               Feb  8 19:57:36 STARSERVER kernel: [74245.109792] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out     Feb  8 19:57:36 STARSERVER kernel: [74245.109793] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out     Feb  8 19:57:36 STARSERVER kernel: [74245.122214] ata5.00: configured for PIO0     Feb  8 19:57:36 STARSERVER kernel: [74245.123513] ata5: EH complete     ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@Feb  8 21:15:26 STARSERVER rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="7.4.4" x-pid="2041" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start     Feb  8 21:15:26 STARSERVER kernel: [    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset     Feb  8 21:15:26 STARSERVER kernel: [    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu     Feb  8 21:15:26 STARSERVER kernel: [    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct      I suppose that at 19:57 computer hung (I noticed that because Wi-Fi disappeared). When I turned the monitor on the computer didn't react on any actions. OS: Debian sid Configuration: B85m-D3H motherboard with i5-4570 on board.


title: Zip all files in directory?

text: Is there a way to zip all files in a given directory with the `zip` command? I've heard of using `*.*`, but I want it to work for extensionless files, too.


title: Big rsync -- push or pull?

text: I'm about to start a big `rsync` between two servers on my LAN. Is it better for me to **push** the files from one server to the other or **pull** them (backwards)? There is not anything that would make one work, and the other not work -- I am just wondering if there is a reason (maybe speed) to do one over the other. Can anyone give me a good reason, or is there no reason to do one over the other?


title: How does one include the session-name in status bar for byobu-tmux?

text: I'd like to include the session name of my current tmux session in the status bar. There's nothing in ~/.byobu/status that allows me to do this and including the tmux configuration directive `#S` in the `tmux_left` line doesn't work (for obvious reasons). Cheers.


title: Swap partition in LVM?

text: I was wondering if putting the swap partition into a logical volume group has any drawbacks (e.g. performance), or would it be "just the same" as having it as a separate primary/logical partition? I like the fact that it could be easily resized if necessary, but am not sure about possible drawbacks. _Case of application_ : CentOS 7 Webserver.


title: Why is this autogen.sh script failing?

text: I've downloaded this window manager from github and it has a `autogen.sh` script but it failed each time. I don't know what could happen or how to fix it: Output from `./autogen.sh`:               /usr/bin/gnome-autogen.sh     checking for autoreconf >= 2.53...       testing autoreconf... found 2.69     checking for glib-gettext >= 2.2.0...       testing glib-gettextize... found 2.40.0     checking for intltool >= 0.25...       testing intltoolize... found 0.50.2     checking for pkg-config >= 0.14.0...       testing pkg-config... found 0.26     checking for gnome-doc-utils >= 0.4.2...       testing gnome-doc-prepare... found 0.20.10     checking for gnome-common >= 2.3.0...       testing gnome-doc-common... found 3.10.0     Checking for required M4 macros...     Checking for forbidden M4 macros...     **Warning**: I am going to run `configure' with no arguments.     If you wish to pass any to it, please specify them on the     `./autogen.sh' command line.          Processing ./configure.ac     Running glib-gettextize... Ignore non-fatal messages.     Copying file po/Makefile.in.in          Please add the files       codeset.m4 gettext.m4 glibc21.m4 iconv.m4 isc-posix.m4 lcmessage.m4       progtest.m4     from the /usr/share/aclocal directory to your autoconf macro directory     or directly to your aclocal.m4 file.     You will also need config.guess and config.sub, which you can get from     ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/config/.          Running gnome-doc-common...     Running gnome-doc-prepare...     You should update your 'aclocal.m4' by running aclocal.     Running intltoolize...     Running autoreconf...     autoreconf: Entering directory `.'     autoreconf: configure.ac: not using Gettext     autoreconf: running: aclocal --force --warnings=no-portability      autoreconf: configure.ac: tracing     autoreconf: running: libtoolize --copy --force     libtoolize: putting auxiliary files in `.'.     libtoolize: copying file `./ltmain.sh'     libtoolize: Consider adding `AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR([m4])' to configure.ac and     libtoolize: rerunning libtoolize, to keep the correct libtool macros in-tree.     libtoolize: Consider adding `-I m4' to ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS in Makefile.am.     autoreconf: running: /usr/bin/autoconf --force --warnings=no-portability     autoreconf: running: /usr/bin/autoheader --force --warnings=no-portability     autoreconf: running: automake --add-missing --copy --force-missing --warnings=no-portability     src/Makefile.am:205: error: HAVE_INTROSPECTION does not appear in AM_CONDITIONAL     src/Makefile.am:8: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/async-getprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     automake: warning: possible forward-incompatibility.     automake: At least a source file is in a subdirectory, but the 'subdir-objects'     automake: automake option hasn't been enabled.  For now, the corresponding output     automake: object file(s) will be placed in the top-level directory.  However,     automake: this behaviour will change in future Automake versions: they will     automake: unconditionally cause object files to be placed in the same subdirectory     automake: of the corresponding sources.     automake: You are advised to start using 'subdir-objects' option throughout your     automake: project, to avoid future incompatibilities.     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/bell.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/boxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/cogl-utils.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/compositor.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-background-actor.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-module.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-plugin.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-plugin-manager.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-shadow-factory.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-shaped-texture.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-texture-rectangle.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-texture-tower.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-window-actor.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-window-group.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/meta-window-shape.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'compositor/region-utils.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/above-tab-keycode.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/constraints.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/core.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/delete.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/display.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/draw-workspace.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/edge-resistance.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/errors.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/eventqueue.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/frame.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/theme.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/ui.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/preview-widget.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:202: warning: source file 'core/muffin.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:202: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:197: warning: source file 'ui/theme-viewer.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:197: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/testasyncgetprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/async-getprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/testboxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/boxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/util.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:245: warning: source file 'ui/testgradient.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:245: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/compositor/plugins/Makefile.am:4: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/tools/Makefile.am:6: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/wm-tester/Makefile.am:2: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1:33: warning: source file 'ui/theme.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/ui.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/preview-widget.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:202: warning: source file 'core/muffin.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:202: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:197: warning: source file 'ui/theme-viewer.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:197: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/testasyncgetprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/async-getprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/testboxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/boxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/util.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:245: warning: source file 'ui/testgradient.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:245: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/compositor/plugins/Makefile.am:4: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/tools/Makefile.am:6: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/wm-tester/Makefile.am:2: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/gradient.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/group-props.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/group.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/iconcache.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/keybindings.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/main.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/place.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/theme.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/ui.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/preview-widget.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:202: warning: source file 'core/muffin.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:202: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:197: warning: source file 'ui/theme-viewer.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:197: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/testasyncgetprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/async-getprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/testboxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/boxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/util.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:245: warning: source file 'ui/testgradient.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:245: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/compositor/plugins/Makefile.am:4: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/tools/Makefile.am:6: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/wm-tester/Makefile.am:2: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1:33: warning: source file 'core/prefs.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/screen.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/session.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/stack.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/stack-tracker.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/util.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/window-props.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/window.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/workspace.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'core/xprops.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/frames.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/tile-hud.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/menu.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/metaaccellabel.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/resizepopup.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/tabpopup.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/tile-preview.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/theme-parser.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/theme.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/ui.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:33: warning: source file 'ui/preview-widget.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:33: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:202: warning: source file 'core/muffin.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:202: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:197: warning: source file 'ui/theme-viewer.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:197: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/testasyncgetprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:246: warning: source file 'core/async-getprop.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:246: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/testboxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/boxes.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:244: warning: source file 'core/util.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:244: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/Makefile.am:245: warning: source file 'ui/testgradient.c' is in a subdirectory,     src/Makefile.am:245: but option 'subdir-objects' is disabled     src/compositor/plugins/Makefile.am:4: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/tools/Makefile.am:6: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     src/wm-tester/Makefile.am:2: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')     autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1      or: http://pastebin.com/dJx2hkEz


title: What is the proper way to set SELinux context in an RPM .spec?

text: I am trying to build an RPM that targets RHEL4 and 5. Right now I call `chcon` from `%post` but multiple Google entries say "that's not how you are supposed to do it" with very limited help on the _right_ way. I've also noticed that `fixfiles -R mypackage check` says the files are wrong when they are right (as expected; the RPM DB doesn't realize what I want)..   * I specifically say RHEL4 because it does _not_ have `semanage` which seems to be one of the proper ways to do it. (Add a new policy and then run `restorecon` on your directories in `%post`.)     * I also don't need my own context, just `httpd_cache_t` on a non-standard directory.   * I have also seen "let `cpio` take care of it" - but then I have a new problem that a non-root RPM building user cannot run `chcon` on the build directories. I cheated and had `sudo` in the spec file but that didn't seem to matter anyway.


title: How to find out what is this process for?

text: I have this 'java' process running for 3 hours ( I guess ). I didn't see it before and I wonder how could I find out where it's coming from? Here is a screenshot: ![screenshot](http://i.stack.imgur.com/JYwmb.png) EDIT: ok I figured it out, it's a freenet stuff I installed few days ago.


title: How good is gnash as a replacement for flash?

text: Fedora suggests the Gnash plugin as a replacement for the Flash plugin and I am seriously considering it. My question is: how good is the Gnash plugin as a replacement for the Flash plugin? In my case, I'm not interested in anything advanced, just being able to watch youtube videos.


title: alias vs export for simple commands

text: For simple commands like `less`, is it better to make an alias or to export the options? Is there any benefit of one over the other? For example, if I want `less` to always use the `-R` option to show raw characters, both of these solutions work:   1. `export LESS='-R'`   2. `alias less='less -R'` For a simple case like this, is there any benefit of one over the other? Any scenarios where one will cause problems and the other won't? I've read through several `info` and `man` pages, as well as Googling it, but I'm still stuck on this.


title: Impossible to resize window

text: I'm using Lubuntu 11.10 on a Sony Vaio. After I connected my laptop on a projector for my talk I'm having a problem with the size of one window. As you can see below (Fig. 1) the _Mathematica_ window title bar is outside the screen and so I can not resize it. If I right button click on the program button (on the panel) and choose Maximize, OK, the window is visible. (Fig. 2) But when I restore its size, the position goes back to outside. Any help? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/A6CnZ.png) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/sm2HP.png)


title: command to reboot as non-root user

text: I am using LXDE on Debian. When logged in LXDE as user, I can click on the `logout` icon in the menu and choose one of the options:   * `shutdown`   * `reboot`   * `logout`   * `suspend` But when I type `reboot` or `shutdown -r now` in the terminal, that does not work. How can I shutdown my system as the user from within the terminal? I need a command, which will be executed when my battery is critically low, so that my system can be shut down cleanly.


title: why doesn't iozone generate output file?

text: I'm using `iozone3` for tesing, on Xamin (an Debian-based OS). When I enter `iozone` command, for example `iozone -Rab output.xls`, the test runs successfully. But after running the test (after displaying this message: `iozone test complete.`). Instead of generating the excel file, `iozone` returns the results in shell. Why doesn't it generate an excel file?


title: What does the `maximum error` field in `sudo dmidecode -t 22` mean

text: When I do `sudo dmidecode -t 22` to get some information about my battery there is a field called `maximum error` For my new battery `maximum error` is `15 %` (cheap replacement from a web store) for my old one (original DELL battery) `maximum error` is `0%`. What does the term `maximum error` mean in this context and how can one interpret the `15 %`?


title: Shell wildcards and dot files

text: I am a beginner terminal user trying to understand wildcards. I think I pretty much have a good grasp on it, but I have a couple of questions: Why do the following two codes work as expected:               ls -d .[!.]?*     echo [D]*      But the following 2 don't:               ls -d [.][!.]?*     echo [D]      In the first command, I get an error:               ls: cannot access [.][!.]*: No such file or directory      When I am trying to get the same listing `ls -d .[!.]?*`. And for the second, the output is:               [D]      When I'm expecting an error proclamation along the lines of `No such file or directory`. What am I missing? What exactly makes an expression a wildcard, if those wildcard elements shown in the second set of examples above don't cut it? **Clarification** (Also in comments): The wildcard `[D]*` doesn't only output `D`, it also outputs `Desktop`, `Downloads` ... etc. However, I also tried `echo [D]` when I had a file named D and when I didn't. The output worked when the file `D` was there, but I also got the output `[D]` when it wasn't. I don't get why. Why did the presence of the file in the directory change the expression [D] from being a wild card to not?


title: Firefox 29 default Accept-Language bug

text: Since I upgraded Firefox to version 29 it is sending the wrong `Accept- Language` header `en-US,en;q=0.5` which should be `pt-BR,pt;q=0.8,en- US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3`, it was right on previous version. I managed to fix it temporarily by going to `about:config`, searching for `intl.accept_languages` flag, changing to anything then reseting it to the default to restore the correct value, which by the way was the same before changing, so Firefox is able to send the correct `Accept-Language` header. But there is two issues:   1. It works only on this instance of the browser, if I restart it I need to do the configuration again.   2. I can not expect all Firefox users around the world do the same, since not everyone has the required knowledgement. I tested on my girlfriend's PC to ensure the error happens, and it is really a issue of Firefox, not only from my configuration. It do not happens on the Windows version of Firefox, only for Linux one. I want to know if it happens with other ones too, and if it is indeed a Firefox new bug.


title: Windows creates autorun.inf when mounting samba share

text: I'm running `samba` on my Linux machine. When I mount a `samba` share from `Windows`, such as my home directory, a file named `autorun.inf` will be created inside the mount. It seems to be a text file but horribly disfigured and even `file` claims it to be a binary. The file can be deleted of course but will be re-created every time `Windows` mounts the share. Is there a way to get rid of that file permanently? Is it dangerous in some way? Why would `Windows` create it in the first place?


title: Arch Linux on ARM chipset I just want to install gcc 4.7

text: It sounds simple enough but this has got me pulling my hair out. I am running Arch Linux on an ARM chipset (Raspberry Pi specifically) that I used to be using as a print server. It was running CUPS with a universal Splix driver for my Samsung printer and worked well for a while until an unfortunate overclocking experiment completely trashed the filesystem. So I am rebuilding the OS and the software for the print server but it seems that Splix 2.0.0 can no longer compile on gcc the way it used to. The Splix project hasn't been changed since 2009 so I can rule out a recent code change there. The error message I get trying to compile Splix seems more like a complaint about a prototype not matching exactly to an overloaded method in one specific file. I believe this is because the latest version of gcc (4.8.2-7) is not backwards compatible with this Splix driver anymore. Beyond kicking myself over not backing up the compiled binaries when I had a chance, and coming to the sobering realization that `pacman` is purposely designed to make downgrading things a nightmare, I am trying to figure out a way I can find an ARM chipset package of gcc that is older, preferably 4.7.x, and do `pacman -U xxxx.tar.gz` and then instruct pacman not to upgrade this package. I will probably have to do the same for gcc-libs. This should be relatively low risk as Splix is the only source I need to download and compile as there is no package site that has this software built for the ARM chipset. If I have to download 4.7 source for gcc and compile that I would but I wouldn't know how or where to start? Is there another C++ compiler I can try other than gcc that might work? **UPDATE:** I accepted the answer pointing me to the Rollback Machine because this did have the exact version of GCC that I had asked for. I was able to download and install all of its dependencies manually and GCC appears to work fine, however I found that even this version was giving me the compiler error. I want to kick myself in the face right now because I didn't even realize that Splix 2.0.0 was actually AVAILABLE in `pacman` under the community repo! I must have misspelled it when I did a query `pacman -Q slpix` because at first it told me it could not find the package. Then I thought that I must have downloaded the source and compiled it myself but apparently I didn't because I would have run into this same issue. Needless to say I am quite embarrassed and I appreciate all of the help. I am curious though why I am unable to build Splix 2.0.0. I must be missing something simple but I am not the best C++ developer so I will leave that problem for the experts.


title: No sound on speakers, headphones ok

text: My Laptop (Dell Vostro 3300) internal speaker (yes, it's mono) is mute already for some time, and I was just patient with this problem, because the sound quality is ridiculous anyway and I always used either headphones or external speakers. But I wanted to fix this nevertheless, for those few times I need that pity internal speaker. There was no problem initially, but it appeared something like couple of months ago. It might be related to OS upgrades (Ubuntu 12.04 LTE right now), but, on the other hand, if I boot Live Mint 12, then there's no sound on speakers there neither. I thought that the problem might be hardware related (ie, the speaker is just plain dead), but I'm not sure how I could check that. Another explanation could be that the system thinks that the earphones jack is plugged in and the system just doesn't switch to the speaker output. I surely hope this is some strange driver problem though and, thus, fixable. Would be happy for any ideas how to detect that. Edit: I have increasing suspicion that the failed sense pin in headphone jack is to blame, so this is not Unix/Linux topic at all. Alas, there are no tests on this model to detect that.


title: How to disable Logwatch filtering script?

text: The default config for http-error logs in Logwatch on a CentOS 5 box (logwatch-7.4.0-1) includes the line:               *ApplyhttpDate      That wipes out _all_ lines, because Apache 2.2 uses StdDate format (e.g. `Fri Sep 21 04:44:55 2012`) not the standard Apache format (e.g. `04/Sep/2012:13:46:40 -0500`). The HOWTo-Customize-LogWatch file says: > If an executable script is declared in an /etc/logwatch/conf file, all of > the executable script declarations in the corresponding file in > /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf or /usr/share/logwatch/dist.conf are > ignored. If I create /etc/logwatch/conf/logfiles/http-error.conf and set               *ApplyStdDate      then it applies the StdDate filter **after** it has applied HttpDate filtering, rather than instead of. Other than editing `/usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logfiles/http-error.conf` (which I've resorted to for now, but shouldn't do because it is provided by an RPM) how am I supposed to disable a filter script in Logwatch?


title: wine error when using divfix

text: When I'm logged in through SSH to a Scientific Linux 6.3 machine I get this error message:               /usr/bin/wine /home/USER/.divfix/DivFix++.exe -i INPUT.avi -o out.avi     wine: created the configuration directory '/home/test/.wine'     No protocol specified     No protocol specified     No protocol specified     No protocol specified     No protocol specified     No protocol specified     Application tried to create a window, but no driver could be loaded.     Make sure that your X server is running and that $DISPLAY is set correctly.     err:systray:initialize_systray Could not create tray window     Application tried to create a window, but no driver could be loaded.     Make sure that your X server is running and that $DISPLAY is set correctly.      I have set the DISPLAY variable..:               grep -i display ~/.bashrc      export DISPLAY=":0.0"      I have X/GUI:               yum groupinstall "Desktop" "Desktop Platform" "X Window System" "Fonts"       I have "yum update" and then rebooted (so up-to-date). What am I missing? please help. UPDATE:               xset -q     No protocol specified     xset:  unable to open display ":0.0"


title: Global bash_profile

text: I realize there are `/etc/profile` and `/etc/bashrc` files for setting global environment variables and maybe I'm just misunderstanding their purposes, but... Is their a global `bash_profile` file? _This is on Mac OS X by the way._


title: My computer won't shut off normally

text: Every time I try to shut down my iMac it just stays on that loading circle forever. The only way I can get it to shut down is by holding down the power button. I checked the system logs (below) and I can't really see anything that could be causing the shutdown to loop forever. Any ideas?               Sep 18 06:47:50 Tardis.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon[3270]: -[KSUpdateCheckAction(PrivateMethods) finishAction] KSUpdateCheckAction found updates: {( )}     Sep 18 06:47:50 Tardis.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon[3270]: -[KSPrefetchAction performAction] KSPrefetchAction no updates to prefetch.     Sep 18 06:47:50 Tardis.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon[3270]: -[KSMultiUpdateAction performAction] KSSilentUpdateAction had no updates to apply.     Sep 18 06:47:50 Tardis.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon[3270]: -[KSMultiUpdateAction performAction] KSPromptAction had no updates to apply.     Sep 18 06:47:50 Tardis.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon[3270]: -[KSUpdateEngine(PrivateMethods) updateFinish] KSUpdateEngine update processing complete.     Sep 18 06:47:53 Tardis.local com.apple.usbmuxd[1629]: _SendDetachNotification (thread 0x7fff744ab180): sending detach for device d0:23:db:1b:9a:fa@fe80::d223:dbff:fe1b:9afa._apple-mobdev._tcp.local.: _BrowseReplyReceivedCallback got bonjour removal.     Sep 18 06:48:03 Tardis.local com.apple.SecurityServer[20]: Succeeded authorizing right 'system.volume.removable.unmount' by client '/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app' [3219] for authorization created by '/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app' [3219] (100013,0)     Sep 18 06:48:03 Tardis.local com.apple.SecurityServer[20]: Succeeded authorizing right 'system.volume.removable.unmount' by client '/usr/sbin/diskarbitrationd' [56] for authorization created by '/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app' [3219] (100002,0)     Sep 18 06:48:05 Tardis.local webfilterproxyd[3277]: whitelistVerdict: (null) | kitty has no web restrictions | http://init.ess.apple.com/WebObjects/VCInit.woa/wa/getBag?ix=1     Sep 18 06:48:05 Tardis kernel[0]: Sandbox: sandboxd(3279) deny mach-lookup com.apple.coresymbolicationd     Sep 18 06:48:05 Tardis.local webfilterproxyd[3277]: whitelistVerdict: (null) | kitty has no web restrictions | https://tools.google.com     Sep 18 06:48:05 Tardis.local sandboxd[3279] ([3277]): webfilterproxyd(3277) deny job-creation     Sep 18 06:48:07 Tardis.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon[3270]: -[KeystoneDaemon logServiceState] GoogleSoftwareUpdate daemon (1.1.0.3659) vending:             com.google.Keystone.Daemon.UpdateEngine: 1 connection(s)             com.google.Keystone.Daemon.Administration: 0 connection(s)     Sep 18 06:48:09 Tardis.local com.apple.SecurityServer[20]: Succeeded authorizing right 'system.volume.removable.unmount' by client '/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app' [3219] for authorization created by '/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app' [3219] (100013,0)     Sep 18 06:48:09 Tardis.local com.apple.SecurityServer[20]: Succeeded authorizing right 'system.volume.removable.unmount' by client '/usr/sbin/diskarbitrationd' [56] for authorization created by '/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app' [3219] (100002,0)     Sep 18 06:48:15 Tardis.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon[3270]: -[KeystoneDaemon main] GoogleSoftwareUpdateDaemon inactive, shutdown.     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis com.apple.launchd.peruser.502[277] (com.apple.PackageKit.InstallStatus): Throttling respawn: Will start in 9 seconds     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis.local WindowServer[106]: CGXGetConnectionProperty: Invalid connection 85271     Sep 18 06:48:19 --- last message repeated 4 times ---     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis.local WindowServer[106]: dict count after removing entry for window 0x56c is 0     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis com.apple.launchd.peruser.502[277] (com.apple.unmountassistant.useragent[3300]): Exited: Killed: 9     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis.local coreservicesd[68]: SendFlattenedData, got error #268435459 (ipc/send) invalid destination port from ::mach_msg(), sending notification kLSNotifyApplicationDeath to notificationID=1538     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis com.apple.launchd.peruser.502[277] ([0x0-0x35f35f].com.apple.iTunesHelper[3263]): Exited with code: 1     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis.local coreservicesd[68]: SendFlattenedData, got error #268435460 (ipc/send) timed out from ::mach_msg(), sending notification kLSNotifyApplicationDeath to notificationID=1589     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis com.apple.launchd.peruser.502[277] (com.apple.mdworker.bundles[3289]): Exited: Killed: 9     Sep 18 06:48:19 Tardis.local WindowServer[106]: CGXGetConnectionProperty: Invalid connection 85271     Sep 18 06:48:20 --- last message repeated 4 times ---     Sep 18 06:48:20 Tardis.local loginwindow[3076]: DEAD_PROCESS: 3076 console     Sep 18 06:48:20 Tardis.local coreservicesd[68]: SendFlattenedData, got error #268435460 (ipc/send) timed out from ::mach_msg(), sending notification kLSNotifyApplicationReady to notificationID=1532     Sep 18 06:48:20 Tardis.local airportd[3194]: _doAutoJoin: Already associated to “Type 40 Tardis”. Bailing on auto-join.     Sep 18 06:48:20 Tardis.local WindowServer[106]: CGXGetConnectionProperty: Invalid connection 85271     Sep 18 06:48:20 --- last message repeated 9 times ---     Sep 18 06:48:20 Tardis.local shutdown[3308]: halt by kitty:      Sep 18 06:48:20 Tardis.local shutdown[3308]: SHUTDOWN_TIME: 1347976100 852452


title: Deleted a Windows.old folder and now when I start my computer, GRUB doesn't see windows anymore

text: I had windows on my laptop and installed Debian GNU/Linux a few weeks ago on it. I'm basically dual booting. The thing is, in my windows I had a windows.old file I never bothered to delete until a day ago. When I deleted it and restarted my laptop, only Linux is shown and I can only boot into linux. Which is fine honestly, but I would love to still be able to get into windows. Does anyone know what I should/could do to fix my issue? **EDIT** After reading some related posts about this issue, I have to say I did delete the .ini files that were there too, I was even prompted if I should delete them or not when I was deleting windows.old, I assumed my new windows install would have them. Hope this info helps. **_EDIT 2 - Very weird edition_** Okay.. so I run Debian on both my laptop and desktop. I boot up my desktop today and upon boot up I was pressing the `numlock` key before a screen even appeared. I did this since I usually have 3-4 seconds before it automatically boots into linux. hitting numlock enables my arrow keys and i can then choose Windows 7 instead. Well.. hitting numlock apparently did the exact thing I mentioned above on my laptop. I only now see Linux and no windows. The reason this stands out is because I was doing the same thing on my laptop before windows 7 disappeared. I think this is the culprit. But googling the issue shows no solution.. this is odd..


title: Directory "not found" on HP-UX for NFS mount point

text: On an HP-UX B.11.31 that mount via NFS a remote disk using mount point `/BK_RESTORE`, I would like to access a sub directory with `oracle` user, but I cannot even if permissions are correct. Using a different normal user, like `bsp` works as expected. (from root)               root> ls -ld / /BK_RESTORE /BK_RESTORE/erpln /BK_RESTORE/erpln/import-su-macchina-di-test     drwxr-xr-x  41 root       root          8192 Jul  8 09:43 /     drwxrwxrwx   2 root       sys         131072 Jul  8 10:06 /BK_RESTORE     drwxrwxrwx   2 root       sys         131072 Jul  8 09:44 /BK_RESTORE/erpln     drwxrwxrwx   2 root       sys         131072 Jul  8 10:05 /BK_RESTORE/erpln/import-su-macchina-di-test      (from bsp)               bsp> ls -ld / /BK_RESTORE /BK_RESTORE/erpln /BK_RESTORE/erpln/import-su-macchina-di-test     drwxr-xr-x  41 root       root          8192 Jul  8 09:43 /     drwxrwxrwx   2 bsp        bsp         131072 Jul  8 10:20 /BK_RESTORE     drwxrwxrwx   2 bsp        bsp         131072 Jul  8 09:44 /BK_RESTORE/erpln     drwxrwxrwx   2 bsp        bsp         131072 Jul  8 10:05 /BK_RESTORE/erpln/import-su-macchina-di-test      (from oracle)               oracle> ls -ld / /BK_RESTORE /BK_RESTORE/erpln /BK_RESTORE/erpln/import-su-macchina-di-test     /BK_RESTORE not found     /BK_RESTORE/erpln not found     /BK_RESTORE/erpln/import-su-macchina-di-test not found     drwxr-xr-x  41 root       root          8192 Jul  8 09:43 /      Please note that oracle lists the mount point with `ls /` but not with `ls -l /` (without giving any error). Moreover, when changing to this directory from oracle user, I get this error:               cd /BK_RESTORE     sh: /BK_RESTORE: Permission denied.      Do you have an idea on what is happening? Thank you very much


title: Debian Live - modprobe failed to bring up Broadcom ethernet interfaces

text: I have a Dell 710 with Quad Bcom NetExtreme 5709s. In the name of expediency, I'm trying to boot off the Squeeze live CD, but the Broadcom drivers are in non-free, so they don't come up when you boot. No problem, I think to myself. I will sneaker-net the bnx2-firmware deb and all is good. I can see the interfaces in `lspci`, I have unpacked the deb and successfully executed `modprobe bnx2`; however I still can't see the interfaces in `ip link show`. What else should I do to bring these interfaces up without a reboot? ## EDIT I have old entries in `/var/log/kern.log` about the failure to load `bnx2` at boot, but the modprobe completes successfully with no other log entries...               $ lsmod | grep bnx     bnx2                   57385  0


title: Advantages of Debian over Ubuntu

text: What are the main advantages of using Debian instead of Ubuntu?


title: How do I change permissions on an external hard drive in Arch Linux?

text: Permissions to my portable hard drive on Arch is read-only and it seems I can't change it- when I change it from the GUI it takes no effect. So, how can I change it through the terminal? Is there some config file relating to accessing hard drives? I'm asking because there's no problem such problem with SD cards. I also can't seem to 'Safely Remove Harddrive' although no processes are going on.


title: Cross compile libzdb library for ARM9 architecture

text: I am using AM1808 ARM9-based micro processor for my project on Ubuntu v10.04 using G++ compiler. I am using sqlite3 database for data management. My application needs multiple simultaneous access to database. I found I need to implement connection pooling method to work efficiently. I googled a bit and found that Libzdb library is available for connection pooling and it is open source. I don't know how to cross compile this library for ARM9 architecture. How I can do this ?


title: Hardware to install 64-bit OS

text: If I search on Internet for minimum requirements to install a 64-bit operating system, Microsoft and allied forums recommend 4 GB RAM as the minimum criteria. On the other hand, when I look at Linux communities and say I have Dual Core Processor and 2 GB of RAM they say it's a 64-bit processor and you can go for 64-bit OS for efficiency. Now my question is what matters to install a 64-bit OS? Just RAM or anything more?


title: Stat disk drives wihout lsblk?

text: I have a minimalist busybox system that I was recently trying to use, and I found a small problem: it has no `lsblk` command. Is there another command to list disks, partitions, and sizes like `lsblk`? Some that also don't work:   * `lsblk`   * `lsusb`   * `fdisk -l`   * `cfdisk`


title: How to install color schemas for Kate running on GNOME

text: How do I install schemas(like this one; for syntax highlighting, etc) for Kate (which is originally for KDE) running on GNOME 3? Trying to install with the install.sh script took no effect. Also, if you happen to know any good schemas for Kate (for Python), please let me know.


title: How can I get real-time information about monitor plug/unplug events?

text: When I connect or disconnect the USB device, udev shows/monitors that event. But udev is not enough smart to detect the plug-out or plug-in of the monitor. Is there any way/tool/utility from which I will get real-time information about the plug-out or plug-in of a monitor?


title: gedit reverting settings to default

text: I'd like to revert to the fresh gedit on my system. Any idea how to get back to default state? So that all my preferences would be lost as well as having activated only the plugins active by default? **Some background** My feeling is that it takes quite some time for the gedit to launch on my system and would like to start with the clean table once again. **Distros/versions** I'd like to achieve this on both of my systems: Xubuntu 12.10 (gedit 3.6) as well as Fedora 17 (gedit 3.4.2).


title: How to set default APT source

text: Running `cat /etc/apt/apt.conf` gives:               APT::Default-Release "stable";      I thought doing that would disallow the command `apt-get install wajig` to work, if a newer version was available anywhere but **Stable**. How do I set up APT so that such a version would require me to specify the repository name in order to install it (e.g. `apt-get --target-release testing wajig`)? [ **update** ] I wasn't aware that my question wasn't so clear. I want this to be an archive-wide setting (i.e. it should apply to each package in the Stable archive), not to some specific package.


title: How to notice log file changes with Linux standard tools?

text: I need something that does not need to be installed. It's on an embedded system with very little space on the HD. I can't instal anything. I need to do it with something that is already included. I have a script that I want to run based on a certain line that appears in a log file. Currenty I placed this script to run every 5 minutes in the crontab and check the file for changes. Is there a way that I can have the system call the script only if the file has changed? Like, to tell the system to fire the script in case a system call was made to open that file with write permission?


title: Execute command when file changes

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Can a bash script be hooked to a file? Hi there, I am trying to execute a command every time a file changes. Is this possible? I think there is some way to watch for a file, but I have no idea. Thank you!


title: Can a bash script be hooked to a file?

text: I want a script to sleep unless a certain file is modifed/deleted (or a file created in a certain directory, or ...). Can this be achieved in some elegant way? The simplest thing that comes to my mind is a loop that sleeps for some time before checking the status again, but maybe there is a more elegant way?


title: How can I make scripts run when a file/directory changes in Linux (like Mac OS X’s launchd)?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Can a bash script be hooked to a file? On Mac OS X, there’s a handy daemon called launchd which (amongst other things) allows you to have scripts run when files or directories change (via the `WatchPaths` and `QueueDirectories` plist file options). Is there a (preferably Debian) Linux program/package that includes this functionality?


title: Trigger action each time a file is modified

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Can a bash script be hooked to a file? Is it possible to mount a mechanism to a file to perform an action (e.g. mark the change in some log file and such) each time the file is modified? I would like to be able to see what all the files modified are in a given time period or receive an alert each time someone modifies a file.


title: Where is the setting that sets Experimental repo to lower priority?

text: Suppose that I have enabled Experimental in my " **/etc/apt/sources.list** ". When I need to install anything from it, I have to explicitly specify on the command:               apt-get install wajig     # vs     apt-get --target-release experimental install wajig      Where is such a setting stored? I expected that it would be some sort of pinning, but I can't find anything suggesting such in " **/etc/apt/** ". Also, is it possible to avoid the behavior?


title: How can I get the pid of a process started this way

text: #!/bin/bash          mkfifo /var/run/out     while true     do         cat /var/run/out | nc -l 8080 > >(             while read line             do                 do some stuff             done         )     done      How can I get the pid of `nc` and `cat`? Using $! doesn't work. I want to write them to a pid file.


title: How to access my linux user account from different computer?

text: I have a linux user account in my school computer, but something I'm unable to finish the projects in class, and I was wondering if there was a way to access my linux account from school in my personal computer.


title: Problem with getting bridge to work when set up with a script

text: I'm trying to set up a bridge, essentially turning my machine into a switch. I'm running a dhcp server on the same machine with `INTERFACES='br0'` as the interface setting. `/etc/network/interfaces` looks like this:               # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)     auto lo     iface lo inet loopback          auto eth0     iface eth0 inet manual     auto eth1     iface eth1 inet manual     auto wlan0     iface wlan0 inet manual          auto br0     iface br0 inet static         bridge_ports eth0 eth1 wlan0         address 10.1.36.10         netmask 255.255.255.0         network 10.1.36.0         broadcast 10.1.36.255      When I configured this manually, it all worked fine. I then wrote a bash script to set this up, as I need to configure a number of machines the same way:               echo "Setting up Static IP..."     if [ $(ifconfig -a | sed 's/[ \t].*//;/^\(lo\|\)$/d' | wc -l) -gt 1 ]     then        BRIDGE_PORTS=""        for i in $(ifconfig -a | sed 's/[ \t].*//;/^\(lo\|\)$/d'); do            sudo echo "auto $i" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces            sudo echo "iface $i inet manual" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces            BRIDGE_PORTS="$BRIDGE_PORTS $i "        done        sudo echo "auto br0" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "iface br0 inet static" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "bridge_ports $BRIDGE_PORTS" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "address $STATIC_IP" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "netmask 255.255.255.0" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "network $NETWORK_IP" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "broadcast $BROADCAST_IP" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        DHCP_INTERFACE="br0"     else        sudo echo "auto eth0" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "iface eth0 inet static" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "address $STATIC_IP" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "netmask 255.255.255.0" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "network $NETWORK_IP" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        sudo echo "broadcast $BROADCAST_IP" | sudo tee -a  /etc/network/interfaces        DHCP_INTERFACE="eth0"     fi      I don't know why, but the bridge doesn't include the eth0 or eth1 interfaces when I set it up with the script. When I run `ip addr` I get this:               1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default      link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 ::1/128 scope host         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     2: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default      qlen 1000     link/ether 78:d0:04:20:b9:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     3: eth1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000     link/ether 78:d0:04:20:b9:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     4: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether c4:d9:87:8e:72:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet6 fe80::c6d9:87ff:fe8e:72f9/64 scope link         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     5: mon.wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000     link/ieee802.11/radiotap c4:d9:87:8e:72:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     6: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default      link/ether c4:d9:87:8e:72:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 10.1.36.10/24 brd 10.1.36.255 scope global br0        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::c6d9:87ff:fe8e:72f9/64 scope link         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever      The eth0 and eth1 don't have br0 as their master! Why is that?


title: Adding pass completion to fish shell

text: I'm trying to get the CLI password manager _pass_ to work in my _fish_ shell with auto completion. I've already found the necessary file on GitHub, yet am having trouble finding out where to put it, or rather getting it to work. So far I've added it to:   * ~/.config/fish/pass.fish   * ~/.config/fish/completions/pass.fish   * and added the content to my ~/.config/fish/config.fish file. with no success.


title: Detect damaged audio CD

text: I need to check if a lot of audio CDs are damaged or not and would prefer not to have to listen to them all. Is there a good way to do this quickly?


title: open a file and copy the listed files to another folder

text: I have a file named `file1.txt`containing file names like below :               filea.txt     fileb.txt     filec.txt      I want to copy the files listed in `file1.txt` to another folder. What is the UNIX command to use? (the shell is `ksh88` if that's relevant).


title: Howto include / exclude Diretories in duplicity

text: I'm using duplicity to backup some of my files. The man page is kind of confusing, regarding the include/exclude Patterns. I'd like to backup the following things:               /storage/include     /otherthings      but NOT               /storage/include/exclude      The Include-File currently looks:               + /storage/include     - /storage/include/exclude     + /otherthings     - **       Duplicity is called as followed:               /usr/bin/duplicity --include-globbing-filelist /Path/to/file/above / target      It simply doesn't work. Every time it backups, it also includes the files in /storage/include/exclude.


title: Creating a shell script that parses and redirects number into next command?

text: I am trying to create a script that kills an Xorg process. Here is an example of me running the commands in a terminal:   * First, I find the process id of the Xorg program (in this case, `2494`): .               lucas@lucas-ThinkPad-W520:~$ ps ax  | grep Xorg       2494 ?        Ss     6:53 Xorg :8 -config /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia -configdir /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.d -sharevts -nolisten tcp -noreset -verbose 3 -isolateDevice PCI:01:00:0 -modulepath /usr/lib/nvidia-331/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules      4247 pts/1    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto Xorg        * Then I want to kill Xorg's process: .               lucas@lucas-ThinkPad-W520:~$ sudo kill -15 2494      How can I wrap this functionality into a script? Basically, get the `2494` and insert it as an argument into the `sudo kill -15` command.


title: How can I print a specific occurence of a range pattern?

text: I am trying to extract several data fields out of somewhat peculiarly formatted strings. Each string has a format similar to the following (spaces added for emphasis):               1 abcd 2 1 efg 2 hij 3 klmnopqrs 5 tuv 6 5 wxyzäüö 6      where each number represents another field delimiter. This is what I am trying to extract:                 abcd           hij   klmnopqrs 5 tuv 6   wxyz       The `1..2` and `5..6` patterns occur only once in some cases. `1..2` ranges only appear before `3`. `5..6` ranges only appear after `3`. So far I have been succesful in extracting `abcd` and `hij` with the following code:   * `abcd`:              echo "$STRING" | awk 'BEGIN{ RS="2"}{gsub(/.*1/,"");print;exit}'        * `hij`:              echo "$STRING" | awk 'BEGIN{ RS="3"}{gsub(/.*2/,"");print;exit}'      Now I am looking for a way to grab `wxyz` and `klmnopqrs`.   * `wxyz` are the **first four** characters in the **last** `5..6` range pattern of the string   * `klmnopqrs` is the field delimited by the **first** occurence of `3` and the **last** occurence of `5` After searching the web for an hour I am now at wit's end. I'd appreciate any help in finding a way to extract these range patterns. **Edit** : Here's a few input samples that are closer to the real deal:               (test)(te st) tesst. test test test test [teest] [teseeet]     (teeeest)(te st) tst. tet test [teseet]     (tst) tst. tet test [tseeet]      This is what I would like to extract in each case:                test         tesst  test test test test [teest] tese      teeeest         tst  tet test tese      tst  tst  tet test  tsee      The field delimiters are special characters, as you an see. Both the width of the strings and the number of `1..2` and `5..6` ranges (here `(..)` and `[..]`) are variable.


title: Change size of pantheon terminal

text: I haven't found any settings with regard to terminal size and I hate to keep resizing every time I want to use it. How can I change the size of the terminal?


title: Configuring proftpd and mod_ldap.c query not working - any ideas?

text: I'm trying to get a ProFTPD to ldap auth on a Active Directory base. I still couldn't figure out what could be wrong with my configuration since, executing a ldap query with ldapsearch seems fine               /etc/proftpd.conf          # This is the ProFTPD configuration file     ServerName                      "FTP and Ldap"     ServerType                      standalone     ServerAdmin                     nicolas@domain.com.br     AuthOrder                       mod_ldap.c     LoadModule                      mod_ldap.c     DefaultServer                   on     ShowSymlinks                    on     RootLogin                       off     UseIPv6                         off     AllowLogSymlinks                on     IdentLookups                    off     UseReverseDNS                   off     Umask                           077     User                            ftp     Group                           ftp     DefaultRoot                     /home/ftp/%u/     DefaultChDir                    ftp     RequireValidShell               off     UseFtpUsers                     off     SystemLog                       /var/log/proftpd/proftpd.log     TransferLog                     /var/log/proftpd/xferlog     DefaultTransferMode             binary          <IfModule mod_ldap.c>             LDAPServer                      domaincontroller.domain.net             LDAPAttr                        uid sAMAccountName             LDAPDNInfo                      cn=linux.ldap,ou=users,ou=resources,dc=domain,dc=net password             LDAPAuthBinds                   on             LDAPDoAuth                      on "dc=domain,dc=net" (&(sAMAccountName=%v)(objectclass=User))             LDAPQueryTimeout                15                  LDAPGenerateHomedir             on             LDAPGenerateHomedirPrefix       /home/ftp                  #uid e guid of the local global user             LDAPDefaultUID                  14             LDAPDefaultGID                  50             LDAPForceDefaultUID             on             LDAPForceDefaultGID             on     </IfModule>          <Directory /*>             AllowOverwrite                  on     </Directory>      Running proftpd with a debug level of 10 i got these logs while authenticating with my user(nicolas)               proftpd -nd10               dispatching CMD command 'PASS (hidden)' to mod_auth     mod_ldap/2.8.22: generated filter dc=domain,dc=net from template dc=domain,dc=net and value nicolas     mod_ldap/2.8.22: generated filter (&(sAMAccountName=nicolas)(objectclass=User)) from template (&(sAMAccountName=%v)(objectclass=User)) and value nicolas     mod_ldap/2.8.22: attempting connection to ldap://domaincontroller.domain.net/     mod_ldap/2.8.22: set protocol version to 3     mod_ldap/2.8.22: connected to ldap://domaincontroller.domain.net/     mod_ldap/2.8.22: successfully bound as cn=linux.ldap,ou=users,ou=resources,dc=domain,dc=net password     mod_ldap/2.8.22: set dereferencing to 0     mod_ldap/2.8.22: set query timeout to 15s     mod_ldap/2.8.22: pr_ldap_search(): LDAP search failed: Operations error      Ldapsearch on the other hand works just fine:               [root@ftp2 ~]# ldapsearch -x -W -D "cn=linux.ldap,ou=users,ou=resources,dc=domain,dc=net" -h domaincontroller.domain.net -b "dc=domain,dc=net" -LLL "(SAMAccountName=nicolas)"     Enter LDAP Password:           dn: CN=Nicolas XXXXXXX,OU=XXXXXXX,OU=XXXXXXX,OU=XXXXXXX,DC=XXXXXXX,DC=XXXXXXX     objectClass: top     objectClass: person     objectClass: organizationalPerson     objectClass: user     cn: Nicolas XXXXXXX     sn: XXXXXXX     description:XXXXXXX     givenName: XXXXXXX     distinguishedName:      Any clues?


title: Why does USB errors with my mobile phone stop the computer from interacting with services?

text: I set my Android phone to use "Mass storage" as the connection mode (In _Settings_ -> _Storage_ -> context menu item _USB computer connection_ ) to easily be able to browse the files. Then I plugged in the USB cable to my computer while on the login screen. I was able to log in, but after a while I got the following message: ![Connection failure - Connection activation failed - \(1\) Creating object for path '/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4' failed in libnm- glib](http://i.stack.imgur.com/tvhXO.png) I tried `sudo systemctl stop NetworkManager`, but that hung. So I shut down the only GUI application which was running (Firefox), and tried to reboot the computer. That seemed to kill Awesome, because the screen went black, but it didn't reboot. I then tried `sudo reboot` on VT1, `sudo shutdown now` on VT2, and in the end just had to do a hard reboot. After restarting the boot messages spewed out the following message repeatedly until I unplugged the phone:               hub 4-3:1.0: hub_port_status failed (err = -71)      Now, the question is not why the Android device misbehaved, but rather **why this was allowed to completely disrupt other system functionality.**


title: CentOS 5.6 x86 64 Not seeing all my memory

text: So I installed CentOS 5.6 on a box at my house and it is not recognizing all my memory. I have 2gb in the machine but when you run a 'free -m' or a 'top' or a 'cat /proc/meminfo' it only shows that there are 896796kB on the machine. Any ideas?


title: AIX OS fileset with status Broken

text: Does someone encounter this error in AIX version 7.1 TL3?               root@TEST:/ # lppchk -v      the result is:               lppchk: A parsing error occured for bos.sysmgt.quota 7.1.3.0           on line 1, column 23.           Instead of (, one of the following was expected:                    a '>' (to start a group) or                     *prereq, *instreq, *coreq, *ifreq or           a fileset name.           Use local problem reporting procedures.      And something looks like this:               root@TEST:/ # oslevel -rl 7100-03     Fileset                                  Actual Level            Recommended ML     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------        bos.pmapi.tools                        7.1.12.15               7.1.3.0      And this...               root@TEST:/ # lslpp -l | grep pmapi        bos.pmapi.events        7.1.0.3     APPLIED       .0.0) 3.1.5.1        bos.pmapi.lib           7.1.0.3     COMMITED      Performance Monitor API        bos.pmapi.pmsvcs        7.1.0.3     COMMITED      Performance Monitor API Kernel        bos.pmapi.samples       7.1.0.3     COMMITED      Performance Monitor API        bos.pmapi.tools         7.1.0.3     BROKEN        Performance Monitor API Tools        bos.pmapi.pmsvcs        7.1.0.3     COMMITED      Performance Monitor API Kernel        bos.pmapi.tools         7.1.0.3     BROKEN        Performance Monitor API Tools


title: Delete subfolder and keeping up parent folder

text: I need to delete folderx which are not accessed for seven days, easily I can do it with next:               find /path/folder -type d -mtime +7 |xargs rm -rf      The probelm is when I have subfolder marked for deletion and parent folder is not, I can do it with with adding `maxdepth 1`, but actually it is not solution from top to bottom, I need solution to define from bottom to top where I have               folder 1 (accesed 8 days ago)     -> folder 2 (accessed 8 days ago)     -> folder 3 (accessed 4 days ago),      With maxdepth 1 it will delete first two and also folder 3 which I don't want do do it. So actually I need some solution from bottom to top for this. If subfolder is marked for deletion and parent is not etc.


title: Difference between 'sar' and 'iostat' commands

text: With `sar` and `iowait`, we can get CPU time utilization. But, when I executed both commands, I could see significant differences in their outputs.                > iostat && sar 1 1     Linux 2.6.32-042stab090.4 (LinuxBox)     08/14/2014      _x86_64_        (16 CPU)          avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle                0.46    0.00    0.52    0.07    0.00   98.95          Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn     sda              10.53       760.66        44.67 3464410204  203460004     sdb               2.49       368.15       779.18 1676748162 3548769968     sdc               4.09       192.81        10.71  878170395   48792907          Linux 2.6.32-042stab090.4 (LinuxBox)     08/14/2014      _x86_64_        (16 CPU)          10:35:21 AM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle     10:35:22 AM     all      0.00      0.00      0.06      0.00      0.00     99.94     Average:        all      0.00      0.00      0.06      0.00      0.00     99.94      It is very difficult for me to decide which output is more reliable. Which command should be considered as more accurate one?


title: How to test if a function is defined in awk?

text: I am writing an `awk` program and I want it to run it both with `mawk` and `gawk`. I need a sorting function. I have written my own, but I want to use the builtin `asort()` function in `gawk` if available. How do I know from inside my program if the `asort()` function is available ? More generally, how can I test if a function (e.g. `gensub()`) is available ?


title: Left Ctrl key swapped with Fn key?

text: I used **`xev`** to try to capture the keycode, but I don't get any output from it. I get output for the rest of the keys I checked. This happened after my system froze (likely the fault of VirtualBox) so I wonder if it has anything to do with it. **UPDATE** : I just found out that it's functionality is actually swapped with that of `Fn` key (the special key that allow me, for example, to press it in combination with another to change screen brightness, speaker loudness, ...). How do I swap it back? Note that before discovering that this was merely a key swap, I actually did a reinstall in desperation, and even poked around the (badly-designed) BIOS interface (this is a **HP Probook 4350s** ) to see if I screwed up with anything.


title: mv a file without breaking a symlink to that file

text: Is it possible to `mv` a file w/out breaking a symbolic link to that file? My initial response to this is no, and I'm working out a script based solution to change the links immediately following the move, but I was wondering how others have approached this issue. The paths and names of the symlinks are known in advance, so In theory all I need to do is:   1. get the target of the link   2. mv the target   3. recreate the link to the new target   4. create a new link to the new target (different than the original link, which I still want to keep for now) At a later date:   1. delete the old link 1-4 will be encapsulated in a bash script, but I'm wondering if anyone has a more elegant approach, or knows of a built-in or command that I'm not aware of.


title: How to iterate over two sets of iterables in a shell script?

text: Usually when I write a shell script for a specific task, I just make a list of files like so:               #/bin/sh     read -d '' imagefiles <<EOF          ./01/IMG0000.jpg     ./01/IMG0001.jpg     ./01/IMG0002.jpg     ./01/IMG0003.jpg     ./01/IMG0004.jpg     ./01/IMG0005.jpg     ./01/IMG0006.jpg     ./01/IMG0007.jpg     (a whole bunch of files down to ./10/IMG0102.jpg)          EOF          for i in $imagefiles       for j in range(len(commands))     do          mv $i ./$j.jpg            done     done      In this instance I wanted to be able to iterate over the output of `seq` but following Gilles's suggestion simply wrote that part out of it out as Python (yeah I know that as it is it would execute each command j times, leading to about 100000 executions). Earlier on in the day I was renaming 736 files in sequence, but now I'm renaming 1000-odd files. I'm sure there's a better way to do that (please don't hesitate to tell me), but it would still be nice to know how to iterate over the list of commands and some other iterable.