title: How do I remove a directory and all its subdirectories?

text: I'm trying to learn some directory navigagtion with bash and all I know is that               rmdir directoryname      will remove the directory but not if it's containing something. Is there a way to force it to remove the subdirectories, even if they're not empty?


title: Error cross compiling linux kernel using buildroot

text: I am trying to build a kernel bt in cross compiling the kernel when I ran following command               make CROSS_COMPILE=i686-linux- ARCH=x86      I got the following error:               UCLIB_EXTRA_CFLAGS="" \     install_runtime install_dev     make[1]: /home/abc/Desktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/host/usr/bin/x86-unknown-linux-uclibc-gcc: Command not found     make[1]: Entering directory `/home/abc/Desktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/toolchain/uClibc-0.9.33.2'     /bin/sh: /home/abc/Desktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/host/usr/bin/x86-unknown-linux-uclibc-gcc: not found     make[1]: /home/abc/Desktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/host/usr/bin/x86-unknown-linux-uclibc-gcc: Command not found     make[1]: /home/abcDesktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/host/usr/bin/x86-unknown-linux-uclibc-gcc: Command not found     make[1]: Circular libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/i386/gen_tcb-offsets.s <- libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/i386/tcb-offsets.h dependency dropped.     CC libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/gen_pthread-pi-defines.s     /bin/sh: /home/abc/Desktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/host/usr/bin/x86-unknown-linux-uclibc-gcc: not found     make[1]: *** [libpthread/nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/gen_pthread-pi-defines.s] Error 127     make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/abc/Desktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/toolchain/uClibc-0.9.33.2'     make: *** [/home/abc/Desktop/softwares/buildroot-2012.08-rc1/output/host/usr/x86-unknown-linux-uclibc/sysroot/usr/lib/libc.a] Error 2      Any suggestions?


title: How can swapoff be that slow?

text: Somehow I happened to swap out 14 GB of memory. After having killed the culprit, I have tons of free memory again, so I thought I could bring in the important data again. So with 5 GB out of 32 GB used and 14 GB of swap space used, I ran `swapoff -a`.... and 4 hours later about half of the work was finished. This means less that 1 MB/s, while I can easily copy 200 MB/s. My swap is encrypted but so are all normal partitions and with aes-ni it leads to no noticeable CPU load (and filling the swap space took only a few minutes). I see that there's no special reason to optimize `swapoff`, however I wonder how it could get that slow? * * * Just adding some more data: My main memory is 32 GB and I have 32 GB swap space on each of 4 harddisks (surely an overkill, but who cares?). The whole swap space can be (decrypted and) read in less than 5 minutes:               time -p sudo sh -c 'for i in /dev/mapper/cryptswap?; do md5sum $i & done; wait'     014a2b7ef300e11094134785e1d882af  /dev/mapper/cryptswap1     a6d8ef09203c1d8d459109ff93b6627c  /dev/mapper/cryptswap4     05aff81f8d276ddf07cf26619726a405  /dev/mapper/cryptswap3     e7f606449327b9a016e88d46049c0c9a  /dev/mapper/cryptswap2     real 264.27      Reading a part of a partition can't be slower than reading it all. Yet reading about 1/10th of it takes about 100 times longer. I observed that during `swapoff` both the CPU was mostly idle (maybe 10% of one core) and so were the disks ("measured" by the LEDs). I also saw that the swap spaces were turned off one after the other.


title: Issues with Vim while using ZSH

text: I just changed my shell to ZSH. However, when I tried to edit a .py file in vim I got a strange error: > "test.py" [New File] Error detected while processing > /usr/local/share/vim/vim73/ftplugin/python.vim: line 21: E492: Not an editor > command: def)') line 22: E492: Not an editor command: def)') line 23: E492: > Not an editor command: def)') line   >  24: E492: Not an editor command: def)') line 42: E10: \ should be followed > by /, ? or & However, if I comment out > filetype indent plugin on in my .vimrc the message goes away, unfortunately so does my smart indentation. Does anyone know why vim would be effected by a change in shell? Or have a workaround?


title: Prevent internet connection if VPN drops

text: When using DD-WRT firmware (on a LINKSYS CISCO E4200 if it matters) is there any way to stop all outgoing internet traffic when the VPN connection drops, and force the VPN to auto redial?


title: How do you get fgrep to find the literal "--help"?

text: fgrep --help | fgrep "--help"      returns just the whole fgrep --help, how do I return just the lines that have the literal "--help" in them? The quotes don't do anything, nor does `\-\-help`.


title: How does the Linux file structure work?

text: I see the different folders bin, dev, mnt, proc, srv, sys, etc. What are the properties of all these different folders? What are there purposes? Are there files in some of them that I should not touch? Should I be touching files in the other folders? Final question, in a Unix environment, do folders = directories? I apologize for all the questions.


title: What is not shell specific?

text: Under some answers, I see comments that recommend avoiding shell specific commands in answers. How do I know which commands, operators, etc exist in all shells? Is there a list of standards?   * `man builtins` gives a list of commands. Are those the only commands that I can use in a portable shell script that works in all shells?   * Can a built-in be shell specific?   * Do the standards for Linux differ from that of other Unixes?   * What about syntax? Can punctuation, operators, etc be different in some shells?


title: How can I add an array of arguments inside my rsync call inside a script?

text: I want to copy a folder to another location, while excluding some specific files Here is my current script:               #!/bin/bash          if [ -n "$2" ]     then         source=$(readlink -f $1)         destination=$(readlink -f $2)     else         printf "\nProper syntax: my_copy source_folder destination_folder\n"             exit     fi               params=(         --exclude='.git'         --exclude='deploy'         --exclude='app/config/database.php'         --exclude='app/config/config.php'     )               cd $source     rsync " -a ${params[@]} $source/* $destination"      When I run my script, I get this error:               rsync: link_stat "-a --exclude=.git" failed: No such file or directory (2)     rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1070) [sender=3.0.9]      What am I doing wrong?


title: Serial communication not working in both directions

text: I am working with a SOM mounted on a carrier board running Ubuntu 14.04 with the generic 3.13 kernel. While testing out the peripherals, I hit a problem with serial communication. Basically, I can transmit data from the custom platform to an external Linux machine, but I can not properly receive data from the external Linux machine to the custom platform. Through my research I have messed with all sorts of BIOS settings, baud rates, hardware flow control, parity, etc. Nothing has worked. Most info I have found online just says "Make sure your baud rates and other settings match", and they do. It is not my first time working with Linux serial ports. But it is my first time encountering a problem like this. **Does anyone have any suggestions, recommendations, or has anyone ever seen an issue like this before?** More info: We are running a quad-core Intel Atom micro with a custom serial breakout interface. The serial port is at /dev/ttyS0. To reiterate: I can properly send data FROM the custom board TO the external Linux box, but not the other way around.


title: Can't figure out why ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host appear

text: At home, I have setup a Raspberry Pi with the latest version of Raspbian and with `ssh` enabled. I also use a Mac Book Pro with OS X 10.9.3. I use `ssh pi@192.168.0.22` to do some work on the Raspberry Pi, so far no problems. Then I configured my router, so that the `ssh` Port of the Raspberry Pi is also available on the Internet. In my office, I tried to access the Raspberry Pi with `ssh` over the Internet by `ssh pi@myhomepie.at` and I get as a result:               ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host       So, I took another machine in my office with `Putty` on it and I could login with the same command without problem. I tried even an `ssh` client on my iPad and even that one could connect. Only the Mac Book is not working, from the outside. At home, I attached my Macbook to the LAN and I could access the Raspberry Pi. So I edited `/etc/hosts.allow` on the Raspberry Pi by placing `SSHD: ALL` Than I set the `sshd LogLevel` to `debug` and I checked if my MacBook shows up in `/etc/hosts.deny`, but there was nothing. Why does the Mac Book, as the only device, receive the error message:               ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host while trying to access from remote.      * * * `ssh -Y -p 80 -i ~/bin/keys/pie.rsa -vvv pi@myhomepie.at`:               OpenSSH_6.2p2, OSSLShim 0.9.8r 8 Dec 2011     debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/piuser/.ssh/config     debug1: /Users/piuser/.ssh/config line 2: Applying options for *     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config     debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for *     debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 53: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Connecting to myhomepie.at [xx.x.xxx.xxx] port 80.     debug1: Connection established.     debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier     debug3: Could not load "/Users/piuser/bin/keys/pie.rsa" as a RSA1 public key     debug1: identity file /Users/piuser/bin/keys/pie.rsa type -1     debug1: identity file /Users/piuser/bin/keys/pie.rsa-cert type -1     debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0     debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.2     ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host      * * * Some Update: I installed a SLES on the OS X in a VM wit NAT and if I try to connect, I get the same Error. After changed to Bridged, I can connect with the SLES Machine from the VM. Soooooo, as I see that there are only two possible ways. 1.) Somehow my Mac is blocking the access to the Raspberry Pi from the outside orrrrrr 2.) Somewhere on the Raspberry Pi there is the Mac Address of my WLAN or my Eth0 blocked :( but because there is no Firewall right now on and there is nothing within /etc/hosts.deny sooooooo, is there a place within Raspbian where my Mac could be blocked? * * * So, some Update, I changed the Hosname of my OS X, still no progress. Than, I decided to spoof my Mac Address, which I use to connect from my OS X to the local Router, odd thing I get this, the first time I try to connect by ssh:               ssh: Could not resolve hostname mypi.dyndns.org: nodename nor servname provided, or not known      The Second time I try I get again:               ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host      So, right now I _grep -r_ the _mac address_ and the _hostname_ on the Raspberry Pi, I will also look for the local _IP_ my box uses within my Intranet.


title: Controlling bash script concurrency, flock inheritance

text: I have a bash deployment script that handles deploying updated code to a Tomcat instance on CentOS, however, both Chef and RunDeck may invoke the script, and since Chef runs periodically there is a chance of a collision. How do I prevent the deployment script from running twice concurrently? The standard answer looks to be to wrap the deploy logic in a `flock`. However, since the deploy restarts tomcat that isn't working -- the new java process inherits the lock and prevents any further deploy scripts from executing. Is there another way to prevent concurrent execution or a way to prevent `flock` inheritance?


title: Why does the root user have control over mysql directories but not show as a member of the mysql group?

text: Sorry if this is a duplicate. It seems somewhat similar to the question here but I think what I'm asking is a little different. I've got a CentOS 5.x box running with mysql on it. The `root` linux user can edit/modify files in `/var/lib/mysql/` sub-directories but most (if not all) of these directories have file system ownerships of `mysql:mysql`. When I run `groups root` I see:               [root@foo ~]# groups root     root : root bin daemon sys adm disk wheel      I get that `root` is a privileged account and can/will have access to everything but why don't I see `mysql` in the list of groups it belongs to?


title: Replace a string in a file and overwrite the file

text: I wrote my script using the the directory `~/deleted` (it's a long script). after using `~/deleted` for the whole script. I want to let the user choose the directory by putting the path in `~/.rm.cfg`. My file starts like this:               #!/bin/bash          defaultpath=~/deleted          if [ -s ~/.rm.cfg ]     then         defaultpath=$(head -1 ~/.rm.cfg)     fi      I need to replace every `~/deleted` with `$defaultpath` in my script. Is there a way to do it in command line such that it saves and replaces the original file? I can't get either perl or sed to work.


title: How to create KVM guest with SPICE graphics but TLS disabled using virt-install?

text: I am using `virt-install` (see below) to create a guest. All seems fine up to the point where it complains about auto-allocation of the SPICE TLS port. Here's what I am running and the full output:               # sudo virt-install --name vmname --ram 1024 --os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntutrusty --disk path=/data/vm/vmname_sda.qcow2,bus=virtio,size=10,sparse=false --noautoconsole --console pty,target_type=virtio --accelerate --hvm --network=network:default --graphics spice,port=20001,listen=127.0.0.1          Starting install...     Retrieving file MANIFEST...                                                                                | 2.1 kB     00:00 ...     Retrieving file MANIFEST...                                                                                | 2.1 kB     00:00 ...     Retrieving file linux...                                                                                |  11 MB     00:00 ...     Retrieving file initrd.gz...                                                                                |  41 MB     00:00 ...     ERROR    unsupported configuration: Auto allocation of spice TLS port requested but spice TLS is disabled in qemu.conf     Domain installation does not appear to have been successful.     If it was, you can restart your domain by running:       virsh --connect qemu:///system start vmname     otherwise, please restart your installation.      The error is: > ERROR unsupported configuration: Auto allocation of spice TLS port requested > but spice TLS is disabled in qemu.conf and indeed in my `/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf` I have:               spice_tls = 0      (and intentionally so). So how can I create a KVM guest using the SPICE protocol for graphics, **but with TLS disabled**? I doubt it is of relevance, but the reason I want to disable TLS is because I am tunneling the connection to SPICE via SSH already. No need for an extra layer of encryption. * * * The host system is Ubuntu 14.04.1. Package versions are:   * virtinst: 0.600.4-3ubuntu2   * qemu-kvm: 2.0.0+dfsg-2ubuntu1.2 (all up to date as far as `apt-get` is concerned)


title: Chrome sound issues v 36+

text: After upgrade of Google Chrome to version 36, running Ubuntu 12.10[1] i686, there has been some issues with the browser. * * * **_First_** problem was continued crashing. Typically after a short while the browser started to crash by the "Sorry, Jim", or what it is called, in various tabs. After some fiddling and searching I found increasing `ulimit` of _open files_ halted the problem. (Mentioning this if it is probable that it has any connection.) I currently use:               sudo sh -c "ulimit -n 8192 && exec su $LOGNAME"      and run Chrome from that terminal. This has ended the crashes. * * * **_Second_** problem is that _sometimes_ media is stuttering. Typically on Youtube and other streaming media. The sound goes in about 4-500ms _"bursts"_ with a lot of distortion. Making e.g. speech very difficult to decipher. Sometimes a simple refresh of the page (`F5`) fixes the issue, but usually I have to close down a lot of windows etc before it is going back to normal. The memory or CPU is _"normal"_ when this occurs. Have not had this problem with earlier versions, even when RAM go over in swap. Anyone having similar issues? Know what to do, how to track down cause etc.? Using Pulse Audio as sound server. * * * [1] _Note on Ubuntu version: Know it is EOL, (May 2014), but I have to invest in a HDD for backup etc. before I can do an upgrade (or likely install a different distro.) Stuck running UB 12.10 until then._


title: shell backup script, missing `]`

text: I'm putting together a simple backup script that will tar contents of a folder, then move that file to a backup server. The script makes sure that the tar file exists and is not zero bytes before moving around. The problem is that the script is dying on one of the IF lines               if [ -f /www/archives/pdf/pdf_201207021048.tar && 11294720 -gt 0 ]; then         echo "tar file exists and is greater than 0 bytes."     else         echo "tar file does not exist or is zero bytes"     fi      The error in the console is:               ./backup_pdf.sh: line 49: [: missing `]'      Line 49 is the if statement above. The script is successfully verified with               sh -n backup.sh      What's wrong that `sh` is seeing a missing ']', yet it passes the syntax check?


Server `A` exports directory `/srv` via NFS with option `nohide`. A subdirectory within `/srv`, `/srv/foo`, is a mount point for another location on the NFS server using `--bind` option, like > `server# mount --bind /bar/foo/ /srv/foo/` Client `B` imports `A:/srv` and mounts it on `/mnt/srv` using NFS. Contents of `/mnt/srv` are the contents of `A:/srv`. The problem is that `/mnt/srv/foo` is empty, while I'm expecting to see the contents of `A:/bar/foo/` there. How to properly export and import NFS shares that have subdirectories as mount points also?


title: Start SSH session in some other directory than their home directory and lock them there

text: I've set up a SSH server which I've let some friends log into, both via SSH and FileZilla. I put a symbolic link to two hard drives in their home directories so that they could access some files. This has proved to be too difficult for some of the FileZilla (Windows) users and they keep getting lost in the filesystem. My questions are:   * Is it possible to make SSH users start in some other directory than their home directory? Appending "cd some_dir" to their .bashrc only works for SSH, not FileZilla.    * Is it possible to lock the users within that directory and its subdirectories? Some users go up to / and can't find their way back, even though I keep explaining to them that they can just enter "/path/to/their/dir" in the target field.


title: Concise way to output to file if argument is given, to stdout otherwise

text: I'd like my script to output to stdout unless it gets a filename as an argument. An obvious way is like so:               if [ -e "$1" ]; then       command_with_output >$1     else       command_with_output     fi      It's pretty ugly and has repetition, so I'd like a more consice way to do it. I tried the following, but it doesn't work.               [ -e "$1" ] && outfile=$1 || outfile='&1'     command_with_output >$outfile      Edit: This doesn't change the relevancy of the answers, but I realized after I made the question that `touch "$1" && outfile=$1` is really what I need instead of `[ -e "$1" ] && outfile=$1` since the file may not already exist, and I want to make sure I can write to it or create it, not just that it exists. I'm not changing the question because it would put the answers out of sync.


title: User drive is not showing

text: I'll try my best explaining this:               /dev/disk0     /dev/disk0s1     /dev/disk0s2      disk0 does not show up at all, when I login even my desktop is completely blank with no dock nor toolbar so even to logout is impossible. I can only manually shut down. Then if I log in as Root everything works,even disk 'user' shows as a volume and I can access it but only after I mount the disk0. So switch users and login to my own account...yes? Nope still nothing So I go back to the root user and I mount it again, verify and change permissions on the volume and now some of my applications and programs on the ROOT username is shown as an alias and it's unusable because 'USER' must unlock his drive first but he can't even get into his own desktop. Terminal does not give any output nor visible responses to any commands - in the root user - and in my login 'user' there is no Utilities folder nor any programs although I do have my desktop but just the dock and the taskbar all the other listings in sidebar persists I don't have the needed permission to access them. I'm the admin account but even so if I change the permissions of 'user' it just goes back to 'custom' Any help?


title: How can I cd into a directory as root?

text: Let's say there's a directory that I don't have the privileges to access. Obviously `sudo cd foo` won't work, because `cd` is a shell builtin in every shell ever. So far, I've just been using `sudo bash` (yes I know there are better ways) to get a root prompt. Then, I can `cd` into the directory to poke around. Is there a better way to do this?


title: adding a site to Apache2 Ubuntu Linux

text: I am a newbie to Linux. I am trying to add a webiste on Ubunutu Linux server and following this tutorial http://www.hostly.com/hosting-info/build-website- using-apache-1658.html   * Created a webconfiguration file /etc/apache2/sites-available and it looks like this              <VirtualHost *:80>     # Basic setup     ServerName analys.ideometrics.se     DocumentRoot /home/micke/www/analys.ideometrics/     # Logfiles     ErrorLog  /home/micke/wwwlogs/apache2/error.log     CustomLog /home/micke/wwwlogs/apache2/access.log combined     </VirtualHost>        * created a index.html in the location /home/micke/www/analys.ideometrics/   * restarted apache webserver when I am trying to access the URL (analys.ideometrics.se), getting internal error. I am not sure, if have to edit host file. Can you please give me a clue. Thanks for your help !!


title: Helm (formerly anything) , Ido and similar tools for Emacs: Overlap and differences

text: Reading about Helm and Ido for Emacs I noticed that they support similar features. The EmacsWiki provides great info about both, but I still can't tell what sets them apart.   * What are the differences between these two tools?    * Are there any others that provide similar functionality?


title: syslinux / vesamenu.c32 - using highest available screen resolution?

text: I was wondering if there was a way to use the highest available resolution in the syslinux.cfg file? I know i can do:               MENU RESOLUTION 1024 768      but without knowing available resolutions beforehand, is there a way to just choose the highest and have multiple backgrounds for different sizes etc?


my OS (Ubuntu 12.04) started to load slowly. After I choose OS from GRUB, it takes like 50 seconds of loading to get to login screen. I google'd, that command dmesg can provide some useful output. Most important lines od dmsg output are:               [    3.256550] EXT3-fs (loop0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode     [   54.410083] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready      Some people who got same error solved this by reconnecting devices connected to notebook, but I get this output even with nothing connected to my nb. Any advice, what should I do, or why does it behave this way? Thanks in advance


title: Quicker Way to Reference a Directory?

text: This one is probably easy for all of you, but I have never had to deal with such a nested local set of directories. If I have a path like: `/mnt/media2/Archived\ Files/_Transfer/` is there a way to "mount" that directory to `~/Transfer/` or `/mnt/transfer`? I was looking into `symlinks`, but it talks about "how it's not always a good idea on directories because of recursive commands, etc..." Thanks.


title: gnome-terminal overrides Vim color setting

text: I'm in gnome-terminal on Linux Mint 13. (Mate) Whatever color scheme I set for the terminal overrides the color scheme i have set for Vim. How can i stop that from happening? I have read this: http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/256_colors_setup_for_console_Vim at 'Overriding the terminal's default terminfo', but it's very fuzzy and I simply can't use it to solve this. What is it that I actually do to override the terminal's color settings?


title: How come "make install" can only be done on my target machine?

text: I have been given a customized kernel by a customer and asked to build it using the following commands:               make     sudo su     make modules_install     make install      This has to be done on my host machine, because the target machine is too slow. I chroot'ed into the target's hard drive (external hdd), and the first three commands went well, but the final step "make install" cannot work. I get this message:               grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for / (is /dev mounted?)      I fixed it by going back to the target machine, and completing the last command there. But could someone kindly explain to me what the error message means, and why this can't be done on my desktop machine?


title: How to make sure a loopfile is only mounted once?

text: When mounting a filesystem image via `mount -o loop`, is there any mechanism to prevent the same file to be mounted a second time?


title: Merging two internet connections from two network interfaces in order to obtain double speed

text: I have two network interfaces (one wired & one wireless). I have two internet accounts too (each 256 kBps; one from a modem that I use as wired connection & the other from a wireless network). Is it possible to connect to both networks and merge them and get twice the speed (512 kBps)?   How?   I'm using Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx). Thanks


title: How to run 32 bit programs on 64 bit Fedora 17?

text: Although the Android Development Tools (ADT) bundle is available as a zip package for 'Linux 64 Bit' it states following requirements: > 64-bit distributions must be capable of running 32-bit applications. And indeed, just running the packaged eclipse on a Fedora 17 64 bit system results in errors, because it can't 'find' several development tools, e.g. `adb` or `aapt`: > Error executing aapt: Cannot run program "/home/juser/local/adt-bundle- > linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt": error=2, No such file or directory: error=2, > No such file or directory The 'no such file' is misleading because it is there (under $HOME/local):               adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt      But I can't execute it on the shell:               ~/local $ ./adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt      zsh: no such file or directory: ./adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt      Looking at the file               $ file adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt     adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386,      version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.8,      not stripped      we see that it is a 32 binary. And it seems that my system (currently) is not capable of running 32-bit applications. How do I change that? How do I make a current Fedora 64 bit system capable of running 32 bit applications? (Of course one could also ask why someone ends up putting 32 bit binaries into a binary package called 'Linux 64 bit' ...)


title: Problem with using grep command with env variable containing special characters

text: I have a variable "abc" with value "xyz*!@#" in my unix account (`ksh`). I used `export` command to export this variable into the environment. When I use `grep` command as below               env |grep xyz      I get the output               abc=xyz*!@#      But when I use the following command               env | grep xyz*!      As expected I don't get the output as               abc=xyz*!@#      In fact, I don't get any output at all.


title: Including Linux Mint when selling hardware?

text: I'm wondering if the GNU License allows me to include the install file of any Linux Mint release as I wish in hardware that I'm profiting from?


title: Fedora 16 - Iptables installed, but no iptables service available

text: I'm trying to open ports on my fedora OS. In the past, this was as easy as adding an rule like               -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT      I went to restart my iptables service and there is none. I went to install iptables and yum says it's installed and up to date (version 1.4.x) How do I get the service? EDIT: The answer is below, but I also wanted to let people know, if you're having trouble adding the rule to the /etc/sysconfig/iptables config... I would recommend using the $> system-config-firewall command to bring up a gui port editor that appears to work with the command below to restart the ipstables service via systemctl


title: Using grep command and backreferencing

text: This is a pretty basic question, but I can't get my head around it. I'm learning Linux and one of the questions i've been given is; > *The word sentimentalment includes the same three characters (e.g. "ent") > which appear three times. The word "blayblapblam" also contains the same > three characters repeated three time (e.g. "bla"). > > How many words can you find which contain any three characters repeated > three times, like the examples "sentimentalment" and "blayblapblam", but > which also begin with lower case "d". Use /usr/share/dict/words as your list > of possible words and grep to find the answer. The "d" is not one of the > characters considered when detecting the three-character strings.* So far, I can return instances where the same three letters appear twice;               grep -E '^d(...).*\1' /usr/share/dict/words > output      Which to me reads, look for a word beginning with 'd', then combination of three letters, 0 or more characters before the same group (1) appearing again. I've tried the following;               grep -E '^d(...).*\1.*\1' /usr/share/dict/words > output      Which if my understanding is correct (which it obviously isn't), returns group one, then zero or more characters, then group one again. Can someone point out where I'm going wrong? Any help is appreciated.


title: Perl confused with script

text: Write a perl script that takes one argument, the name of a file or directory. The script should call the stat function and print the resulting data along with a one line explanation of each field.               my $args;     $args=@ARGV;          if ($args<1)     {         die("Expecting a filename");     }          sub showstat     {           print " $_[0] dev, device number of filesystem\n";           print " $_[1] ino,      inode number\n";           print " $_[2] mode,     file mode  (type and permissions)\n";           print " $_[3] nlink,    number of (hard) links to the file\n";     }          my $filename=$ARGV[0];     if (open (TESTFILE,$filename))     {         my @filedata= stat(TESTFILE);              &showstat(@filedata);         close (TESTFILE);     }     else     {         print "error on open $filename";     }      My question is if `$args=@ARGV`, shouldn't `$ARGV[0]` equal to `$args[0]` instead of `$filename=$ARGV[0]`? Why not? and under where it says `@showstat(@filedata)`, why do you put the ampersand? (i know by definition it is a subroutine), but can I get a clarification what the actual function do in here?


title: Qt programs have Greek fonts on one Debian account (QtConfig, Virtualbox and VLC)

text: **Update:** I have created a new user via `adduser` and Virtualbox fonts are OK there. This does _not_ solve my problem, however... I still don't know what is going on and I'd like my own user account to have the correct settings. In my fresh install of Debian with Xfce, programs such as QtConfig, VLC and Virtualbox, which presumably use the Qt GUI framework, all have Greek fonts. This is really annoying, and I'd like to change it to something understandable, preferably the system-wide font settings. Here are some screenshots: QtConfig: ![QtConfig](http://i.stack.imgur.com/wVyYk.png) Virtualbox: ![Virtualbox](http://i.stack.imgur.com/gO3zU.png) VLC: ![VLC](http://i.stack.imgur.com/HzQHn.png) How can I solve this? **Additional info:** `locale` says:               LANG=en_US.UTF-8     LANGUAGE=     LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_ALL=      `egrep '^[^#]' /etc/locale.gen` says:               en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8


title: How to configure xorg.conf for widescreen VNC on headless Linux/Ubuntu?

text: I have a Ubuntu 12.10 Box configured to run headless. I've managed to boot X headless by a lot of trial and error but I still have a glitch:      When booting using the monitor, it all works ok, widescreen resolution and all, when booting headless it will stick with 4:3 resolutions, I suspect that it has something to do with the vesa driver. Specs:   * video card intel HD 4000 (i7 integrated)   * ubuntu 12.10 (latest updates) here is my /etc/X11/`xorg.conf`:               Section "Device"             ### Available Driver options are:-             ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",             ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",             ### <percent>: "<f>%"             ### [arg]: arg optional             #Option     "NoAccel"               # [<bool>]             #Option     "AccelMethod"           # <str>             #Option     "Backlight"             # <str>             #Option     "DRI"                   # <str>             #Option     "ColorKey"              # <i>             #Option     "VideoKey"              # <i>             #Option     "Tiling"                # [<bool>]             #Option     "LinearFramebuffer"     # [<bool>]             #Option     "SwapbuffersWait"       # [<bool>]             #Option     "TripleBuffer"          # [<bool>]             #Option     "XvPreferOverlay"       # [<bool>]             #Option     "HotPlug"               # [<bool>]             #Option     "RelaxedFencing"        # [<bool>]             #Option     "XvMC"                  # [<bool>]             #Option     "ZaphodHeads"           # <str>             #Option     "TearFree"              # [<bool>]             #Option     "PerCrtcPixmaps"        # [<bool>]             #Option     "FallbackDebug"         # [<bool>]             #Option     "DebugFlushBatches"     # [<bool>]             #Option     "DebugFlushCaches"      # [<bool>]             #Option     "DebugWait"             # [<bool>]             #Option     "BufferCache"           # [<bool>]         Identifier  "intelCard"         Driver      "intel"         BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"          Option      "ConnectedMonitor" "SME2220NW"         Option      "CustomEDID" "SME2220NW:/etc/X11/samsung.edid"     EndSection          Section "Monitor"         Identifier "SME2220NW"         VendorName "SAM"         ModelName "SME2220NW"         # Block type: 2:0 3:fd         HorizSync 30-81         VertRefresh 56-75         # Max dot clock (video bandwidth) 150 MHz         # Block type: 2:0 3:fc         # Block type: 2:0 3:ff         # DPMS capabilities: Active off:yes  Suspend:no  Standby:no              Mode    "1680x1050" # vfreq 59.883Hz, hfreq 64.674kHz             DotClock    119.000000             HTimings    1680 1728 1760 1840             VTimings    1050 1053 1059 1080             Flags   "-HSync" "+VSync"         EndMode                Option   "enable" "true"         Option   "Preferred Mode" "1680x1050"     EndSection          Section "Screen"         Identifier  "Default Screen"         Monitor     "SME2220NW"         Device      "intelCard"         Option         "TwinView" "0"         Option         "TwinViewXineramaInfoOrder" "CRT-0"         Option         "metamodes" "1680x1050 +0+0; 1440x900 +0+0; 1280x1024 +0+0; 1280x960 +0+0; 1280x800 +0+0; 1024x768 +0+0; 800x600 +0+0; 640x480 +0+0"         SubSection     "Display"             Depth       24         EndSubSection     EndSection      here is my /var/log/`xorg.0.log`:               [  8841.997]      X.Org X Server 1.13.1.901 (1.13.2 RC 1)     Release Date: 2013-01-03     [  8841.997] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0     [  8841.997] Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.24-32-xen x86_64 Ubuntu     [  8841.997] Current Operating System: Linux L2 3.7.0-7-generic #15-Ubuntu SMP Sat Dec 15 16:34:25 UTC 2012 x86_64     [  8841.997] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.7.0-7-generic root=UUID=58d10bfd-8c7c-4308-98eb-7002337b7510 ro nomodeset     [  8841.997] Build Date: 04 January 2013  11:17:34AM     [  8841.997] xorg-server 2:1.13.1.901+git20130104+server-1.13-branch.3a8c618a-0ubuntu0ricotz~quantal (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)      [  8841.997] Current version of pixman: 0.28.2     [  8841.997]    Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org         to make sure that you have the latest version.     [  8841.997] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,         (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,         (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.     [  8841.997] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Wed Jan 30 12:23:13 2013     [  8841.997] (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"     [  8841.997] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"     [  8841.998] (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.     [  8841.998] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen" (0)     [  8841.998] (**) |   |-->Monitor "SME2220NW"     [  8841.998] (**) |   |-->Device "intelCard"     [  8841.998] (==) Automatically adding devices     [  8841.998] (==) Automatically enabling devices     [  8841.998] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices     [  8841.998] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.     [  8841.998]    Entry deleted from font path.     [  8841.998] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist.     [  8841.998]    Entry deleted from font path.     [  8841.998] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist.     [  8841.998]    Entry deleted from font path.     [  8841.998] (WW) The directory "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType" does not exist.     [  8841.998]    Entry deleted from font path.     [  8841.998] (==) FontPath set to:         /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,         /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,         /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,         /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,         built-ins     [  8841.998] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/modules"     [  8841.998] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.         If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.     [  8841.998] (II) Loader magic: 0x7ff68004ac40     [  8841.998] (II) Module ABI versions:     [  8841.998]    X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4     [  8841.998]    X.Org Video Driver: 13.1     [  8841.998]    X.Org XInput driver : 18.0     [  8841.998]    X.Org Server Extension : 7.0     [  8841.999] (--) PCI:*(0:0:2:0) 8086:0162:1043:84ca rev 9, Mem @ 0xf7800000/4194304, 0xe0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x0000f000/64     [  8841.999] (II) Open ACPI successful (/var/run/acpid.socket)     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension Generic Event Extension     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension SHAPE     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension MIT-SHM     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XInputExtension     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XTEST     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension BIG-REQUESTS     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension SYNC     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XKEYBOARD     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XC-MISC     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension SECURITY     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XINERAMA     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XFIXES     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension RENDER     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension RANDR     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension COMPOSITE     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension DAMAGE     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension DOUBLE-BUFFER     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension RECORD     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension DPMS     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension X-Resource     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XVideo     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XVideo-MotionCompensation     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-VidModeExtension     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-DGA     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-DRI     [  8841.999] Initializing built-in extension DRI2     [  8841.999] (II) LoadModule: "glx"     [  8842.000] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so     [  8842.000] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.000]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 1.0.0     [  8842.000]    ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 7.0     [  8842.000] (==) AIGLX enabled     [  8842.000] Loading extension GLX     [  8842.000] (II) LoadModule: "intel"     [  8842.000] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so     [  8842.000] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.000]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 2.20.19     [  8842.000]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [  8842.000]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [  8842.000] (II) intel: Driver for Intel Integrated Graphics Chipsets: i810,         i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G, 915G,         E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM, Pineview G,         965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33, GM45,         4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43, B43, Clarkdale, Arrandale,         Sandybridge Desktop (GT1), Sandybridge Desktop (GT2),         Sandybridge Desktop (GT2+), Sandybridge Mobile (GT1),         Sandybridge Mobile (GT2), Sandybridge Mobile (GT2+),         Sandybridge Server, Ivybridge Mobile (GT1), Ivybridge Mobile (GT2),         Ivybridge Desktop (GT1), Ivybridge Desktop (GT2), Ivybridge Server,         Ivybridge Server (GT2), Haswell Desktop (GT1), Haswell Desktop (GT2),         Haswell Desktop (GT2+), Haswell Mobile (GT1), Haswell Mobile (GT2),         Haswell Mobile (GT2+), Haswell Server (GT1), Haswell Server (GT2),         Haswell Server (GT2+), Haswell SDV Desktop (GT1),         Haswell SDV Desktop (GT2), Haswell SDV Desktop (GT2+),         Haswell SDV Mobile (GT1), Haswell SDV Mobile (GT2),         Haswell SDV Mobile (GT2+), Haswell SDV Server (GT1),         Haswell SDV Server (GT2), Haswell SDV Server (GT2+),         Haswell ULT Desktop (GT1), Haswell ULT Desktop (GT2),         Haswell ULT Desktop (GT2+), Haswell ULT Mobile (GT1),         Haswell ULT Mobile (GT2), Haswell ULT Mobile (GT2+),         Haswell ULT Server (GT1), Haswell ULT Server (GT2),         Haswell ULT Server (GT2+), Haswell CRW Desktop (GT1),         Haswell CRW Desktop (GT2), Haswell CRW Desktop (GT2+),         Haswell CRW Mobile (GT1), Haswell CRW Mobile (GT2),         Haswell CRW Mobile (GT2+), Haswell CRW Server (GT1),         Haswell CRW Server (GT2), Haswell CRW Server (GT2+),         ValleyView PO board     [  8842.001] (++) using VT number 7          [  8842.004] (EE) No devices detected.     [  8842.004] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0     [  8842.004] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1     [  8842.004] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 2     [  8842.004] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3     [  8842.004] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout     [  8842.004] (II) LoadModule: "intel"     [  8842.004] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so     [  8842.004] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.004]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 2.20.19     [  8842.004]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [  8842.004]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [  8842.004] (II) UnloadModule: "intel"     [  8842.004] (II) Unloading intel     [  8842.004] (II) Failed to load module "intel" (already loaded, 32758)     [  8842.004] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"     [  8842.005] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so     [  8842.005] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.005]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 2.3.2     [  8842.005]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [  8842.005]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0     [  8842.005] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"     [  8842.005] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so     [  8842.005] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.005]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.5.0     [  8842.005]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [  8842.005]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0     [  8842.005] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"     [  8842.005] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so     [  8842.005] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.005]    compiled for 1.12.99.903, module version = 0.4.3     [  8842.005]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [  8842.005]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0     [  8842.005] (II) intel: Driver for Intel Integrated Graphics Chipsets: i810,         i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G, 915G,         E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM, Pineview G,         965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33, GM45,         4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43, B43, Clarkdale, Arrandale,         Sandybridge Desktop (GT1), Sandybridge Desktop (GT2),         Sandybridge Desktop (GT2+), Sandybridge Mobile (GT1),         Sandybridge Mobile (GT2), Sandybridge Mobile (GT2+),         Sandybridge Server, Ivybridge Mobile (GT1), Ivybridge Mobile (GT2),         Ivybridge Desktop (GT1), Ivybridge Desktop (GT2), Ivybridge Server,         Ivybridge Server (GT2), Haswell Desktop (GT1), Haswell Desktop (GT2),         Haswell Desktop (GT2+), Haswell Mobile (GT1), Haswell Mobile (GT2),         Haswell Mobile (GT2+), Haswell Server (GT1), Haswell Server (GT2),         Haswell Server (GT2+), Haswell SDV Desktop (GT1),         Haswell SDV Desktop (GT2), Haswell SDV Desktop (GT2+),         Haswell SDV Mobile (GT1), Haswell SDV Mobile (GT2),         Haswell SDV Mobile (GT2+), Haswell SDV Server (GT1),         Haswell SDV Server (GT2), Haswell SDV Server (GT2+),         Haswell ULT Desktop (GT1), Haswell ULT Desktop (GT2),         Haswell ULT Desktop (GT2+), Haswell ULT Mobile (GT1),         Haswell ULT Mobile (GT2), Haswell ULT Mobile (GT2+),         Haswell ULT Server (GT1), Haswell ULT Server (GT2),         Haswell ULT Server (GT2+), Haswell CRW Desktop (GT1),         Haswell CRW Desktop (GT2), Haswell CRW Desktop (GT2+),         Haswell CRW Mobile (GT1), Haswell CRW Mobile (GT2),         Haswell CRW Mobile (GT2+), Haswell CRW Server (GT1),         Haswell CRW Server (GT2), Haswell CRW Server (GT2+),         ValleyView PO board     [  8842.006] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa     [  8842.006] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms     [  8842.006] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev     [  8842.006] (++) using VT number 7          [  8842.006] (WW) xf86OpenConsole: setpgid failed: Operation not permitted     [  8842.006] (WW) xf86OpenConsole: setsid failed: Operation not permitted     [  8842.008] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting     [  8842.008] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory     [  8842.008] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev     [  8842.008] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"     [  8842.008] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"     [  8842.008] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so     [  8842.008] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.008]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 0.0.2     [  8842.008]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [  8842.008] (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such file or directory     [  8842.008] (II) Loading sub module "vbe"     [  8842.008] (II) LoadModule: "vbe"     [  8842.009] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libvbe.so     [  8842.009] (II) Module vbe: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.009]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 1.1.0     [  8842.009]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [  8842.009] (II) Loading sub module "int10"     [  8842.009] (II) LoadModule: "int10"     [  8842.009] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libint10.so     [  8842.009] (II) Module int10: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.009]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 1.0.0     [  8842.009]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [  8842.009] (II) VESA(0): initializing int10     [  8842.009] (II) VESA(0): Primary V_BIOS segment is: 0xc000     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA BIOS detected     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE Version 3.0     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE Total Mem: 262080 kB     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM: Intel(R) Sandybridge/Ivybridge Graphics Chipset Accelerated VGA BIOS     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Software Rev: 1.0     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Vendor: Intel Corporation     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Product: Intel(R) Sandybridge/Ivybridge Graphics Controller     [  8842.010] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Product Rev: Hardware Version 0.0     [  8842.023] (==) VESA(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32     [  8842.023] (==) VESA(0): RGB weight 888     [  8842.023] (==) VESA(0): Default visual is TrueColor     [  8842.023] (==) VESA(0): Using gamma correction (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)     [  8842.023] (II) Loading sub module "ddc"     [  8842.023] (II) LoadModule: "ddc"     [  8842.023] (II) Module "ddc" already built-in     [  8842.029] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE DDC supported     [  8842.029] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE DDC Level none     [  8842.029] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE DDC transfer in appr. 0 sec.     [  8842.030] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE DDC read failed     [  8842.030] (II) VESA(0): Searching for matching VESA mode(s):     [  8842.030] Mode: 160 (0x0)     [  8842.030]    ModeAttributes: 0x0     [  8842.030]    WinAAttributes: 0x0     [  8842.030]    WinBAttributes: 0x0     ...     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Total Memory: 4095 64KB banks (262080kB)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): SME2220NW: Using hsync range of 30.00-81.00 kHz     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): SME2220NW: Using vrefresh range of 56.00-75.00 Hz     [  8842.043] (WW) VESA(0): Unable to estimate virtual size     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "1920x1440" (no mode of this name)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "1600x1200" (no mode of this name)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "1280x1024" (no mode of this name)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "1024x768" (no mode of this name)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "1024x768" (no mode of this name)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "800x600" (no mode of this name)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "640x480" (no mode of this name)     [  8842.043] (WW) VESA(0): No valid modes left. Trying less strict filter...     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): SME2220NW: Using hsync range of 30.00-81.00 kHz     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): SME2220NW: Using vrefresh range of 56.00-75.00 Hz     [  8842.043] (WW) VESA(0): Unable to estimate virtual size     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Not using built-in mode "1920x1440" (hsync out of range)     [  8842.043] (--) VESA(0): Virtual size is 1600x1200 (pitch 1600)     [  8842.043] (**) VESA(0): *Built-in mode "1600x1200"     [  8842.043] (**) VESA(0): *Built-in mode "1280x1024"     [  8842.043] (**) VESA(0): *Built-in mode "1024x768"     [  8842.043] (**) VESA(0): *Built-in mode "1024x768"     [  8842.043] (**) VESA(0): *Built-in mode "800x600"     [  8842.043] (**) VESA(0): *Built-in mode "640x480"     [  8842.043] (==) VESA(0): DPI set to (96, 96)     [  8842.043] (II) VESA(0): Attempting to use 65Hz refresh for mode "1600x1200" (15a)     [  8842.044] (II) VESA(0): Attempting to use 75Hz refresh for mode "1280x1024" (11b)     [  8842.044] (II) VESA(0): Attempting to use 75Hz refresh for mode "1024x768" (118)     [  8842.044] (II) VESA(0): Attempting to use 75Hz refresh for mode "1024x768" (17f)     [  8842.044] (II) VESA(0): Attempting to use 72Hz refresh for mode "800x600" (115)     [  8842.044] (II) VESA(0): Attempting to use 73Hz refresh for mode "640x480" (112)     [  8842.045] (**) VESA(0): Using "Shadow Framebuffer"     [  8842.045] (II) Loading sub module "shadow"     [  8842.045] (II) LoadModule: "shadow"     [  8842.045] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libshadow.so     [  8842.045] (II) Module shadow: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.045]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 1.1.0     [  8842.045]    ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4     [  8842.045] (II) Loading sub module "fb"     [  8842.045] (II) LoadModule: "fb"     [  8842.045] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so     [  8842.045] (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.045]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 1.0.0     [  8842.045]    ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4     [  8842.045] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"     [  8842.045] (II) Unloading modesetting     [  8842.045] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"     [  8842.045] (II) Unloading fbdev     [  8842.045] (II) UnloadSubModule: "fbdevhw"     [  8842.045] (II) Unloading fbdevhw     [  8842.045] (==) Depth 24 pixmap format is 32 bpp     [  8842.045] (II) Loading sub module "int10"     [  8842.045] (II) LoadModule: "int10"     [  8842.045] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libint10.so     [  8842.045] (II) Module int10: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.045]    compiled for 1.13.1.901, module version = 1.0.0     [  8842.045]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): initializing int10     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): Primary V_BIOS segment is: 0xc000     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA BIOS detected     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE Version 3.0     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE Total Mem: 262080 kB     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM: Intel(R) Sandybridge/Ivybridge Graphics Chipset Accelerated VGA BIOS     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Software Rev: 1.0     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Vendor: Intel Corporation     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Product: Intel(R) Sandybridge/Ivybridge Graphics Controller     [  8842.045] (II) VESA(0): VESA VBE OEM Product Rev: Hardware Version 0.0     [  8842.048] (II) VESA(0): virtual address = 0x7ff66b6ab000,         physical address = 0xe0000000, size = 268369920     [  8842.054] (II) VESA(0): Setting up VESA Mode 0x15A (1600x1200)     [  8842.126] (==) VESA(0): Default visual is TrueColor     [  8842.126] (==) VESA(0): Backing store disabled     [  8842.127] (==) VESA(0): DPMS enabled     [  8842.127] (WW) VESA(0): Option "ConnectedMonitor" is not used     [  8842.127] (WW) VESA(0): Option "CustomEDID" is not used     [  8842.127] (WW) VESA(0): Option "enable" is not used     [  8842.127] (WW) VESA(0): Option "Preferred Mode" is not used     [  8842.127] (WW) VESA(0): Option "TwinView" is not used     [  8842.127] (WW) VESA(0): Option "TwinViewXineramaInfoOrder" is not used     [  8842.127] (WW) VESA(0): Option "metamodes" is not used     [  8842.127] (==) RandR enabled     [  8842.129] (II) AIGLX: Screen 0 is not DRI2 capable     [  8842.129] (II) AIGLX: Screen 0 is not DRI capable     [  8842.133] (II) AIGLX: Loaded and initialized swrast     [  8842.133] (II) GLX: Initialized DRISWRAST GL provider for screen 0     [  8842.149] (II) XKB: reuse xkmfile /var/lib/xkb/server-B20D7FC79C7F597315E3E501AEF10E0D866E8E92.xkm     [  8842.150] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Power Button (/dev/input/event1)     [  8842.150] (**) Power Button: Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"     [  8842.150] (II) LoadModule: "evdev"     [  8842.150] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so     [  8842.150] (II) Module evdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [  8842.150]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 2.7.3     [  8842.150]    Module class: X.Org XInput Driver     [  8842.150]    ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 18.0     [  8842.150] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Power Button'     [  8842.150] (**) Power Button: always reports core events     [  8842.150] (**) evdev: Power Button: Device: "/dev/input/event1"     [  8842.150] (--) evdev: Power Button: Vendor 0 Product 0x1     [  8842.150] (--) evdev: Power Button: Found keys     [  8842.150] (II) evdev: Power Button: Configuring as keyboard     [  8842.150] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input1/event1"     [  8842.150] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Power Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 6)     [  8842.150] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [  8842.150] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"     [  8842.150] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"     [  8842.150] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Power Button (/dev/input/event0)     [  8842.150] (**) Power Button: Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"     [  8842.150] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Power Button'     [  8842.150] (**) Power Button: always reports core events     [  8842.150] (**) evdev: Power Button: Device: "/dev/input/event0"     [  8842.150] (--) evdev: Power Button: Vendor 0 Product 0x1     [  8842.150] (--) evdev: Power Button: Found keys     [  8842.150] (II) evdev: Power Button: Configuring as keyboard     [  8842.150] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input0/event0"     [  8842.150] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Power Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 7)     [  8842.150] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [  8842.150] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"     [  8842.150] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"     [  8842.150] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=3 (/dev/input/event3)     [  8842.150] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.     [  8842.150] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.     [  8842.151] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH Line (/dev/input/event4)     [  8842.151] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.     [  8842.151] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.     [  8842.151] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH Front Mic (/dev/input/event5)     [  8842.151] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.     [  8842.151] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.     [  8842.151] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH Rear Mic (/dev/input/event6)     [  8842.151] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.     [  8842.151] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.     [  8842.151] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH Front Headphone (/dev/input/event7)     [  8842.151] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.     [  8842.151] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.     [  8842.151] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH Line Out (/dev/input/event8)     [  8842.151] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.     [  8842.151] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.     [  8842.151] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Eee PC WMI hotkeys (/dev/input/event2)     [  8842.151] (**) Eee PC WMI hotkeys: Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"     [  8842.151] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Eee PC WMI hotkeys'     [  8842.151] (**) Eee PC WMI hotkeys: always reports core events     [  8842.151] (**) evdev: Eee PC WMI hotkeys: Device: "/dev/input/event2"     [  8842.151] (--) evdev: Eee PC WMI hotkeys: Vendor 0 Product 0     [  8842.151] (--) evdev: Eee PC WMI hotkeys: Found keys     [  8842.151] (II) evdev: Eee PC WMI hotkeys: Configuring as keyboard     [  8842.151] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/platform/eeepc-wmi/input/input2/event2"     [  8842.151] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Eee PC WMI hotkeys" (type: KEYBOARD, id 8)     [  8842.151] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [  8842.151] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"     [  8842.151] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"


title: How to monitor all executions of an executable over a time period

text: I know how to monitor a _process_. Commands like `top` and so forth can monitor the CPU time and memory usage for a given process instance. But say I expect a given executable to be run several times in the next hour, and I want to measure how many times it is run and the CPU time it has consumed. What's a command for that?


title: How to add an iso file as APT source

text: Say I have this line in " **/etc/fstab** ":               /iso/apt.iso /mnt/apt iso9660 loop 0 0      And I run these commands as root:               mount --all     apt-cdrom add --no-mount --cdrom /mnt/apt      I expected the disk to be added as APT source, but nothing happens. What's missing? **UPDATE** : I followed this advice and now I'm getting this:               Using CD-ROM mount point /media/cdrom/     Identifying.. [61c5dd7c11a32dc999e655c235cd698e-2]     Scanning disc for index files..     Found 0 package indexes, 0 source indexes, 0 translation indexes and 0 signatures     W: Failed to mount '/dev/sr0' to '/media/cdrom/'     E: Unable to locate any package files, perhaps this is not a Debian Disc or the wrong architecture?      This happens with or without " **/etc/apt/apt.conf** " changes.


title: Video playlists with start and end times

text: Is there a good GUI-application (for example an mplayer GUI or something like banshee) for linux which allows to make and edit playlists (for video files) with different starting and stopping times for each video on the list? **Added** : At the moment I make manually files which contain something like that:               video.avi -ss 2440 -endpos 210     #some comment          video2.mp4 -ss 112 -endpos 2112      Then I have a wrapper script for: `mplayer -fs $(grep -v "^ #" $1)` Furthermore I have written some emacs functions which simplify the editing of such files a little bit. (Like converting starting and end time from hh:mm:ss format to seconds and endtime to relative position (endtime - starttime) as required by -endpos (I can post the macros if someone is interested). However, that's still too uncomfortable. So my question is if there is a nice GUI for doing this (for example which allows you to mark in a video timeline the start and end times for the playlist and so on).


title: accessing substrings from lines in a text file and storing them

text: I have a text file like this               chr1:16840617-16840780    RNU1-1             (2 columns are tab separated)     chr3:142139047-142139211    RNU1-100P     ............     ............      I want to loop over the lines of text file and save column 1 and column 2 in sep variables, something like this :               OLDIFS=$IFS; IFS=$'\n'; for line in $(cat test.txt);do LOC="save location";NAME="save name";done      After saving name and location I have to do couple of steps more to get my desired output but as of now I want to store them.


title: hibernate to disk not restoring, but suspend to ram is working

text: I have Debian 6, I have also seen this under Ubuntu (can not remember how I fixed it). I can hibernate, but when I switch on the system cold boots (it does not restore previous session). * * * _**Note suspend works fine._** Have looked in `/var/log/pm-suspend.log` Shows for each `suspend suspend` block a `resume suspend` block, but `hibernate hibernate' is not followed by`resume hibernate` ( I assume that is what is expected. * * * Installed package hibernate, as was thinking it may be needed, but made no difference. * * * I just started looking and can't find `/usr/lib/hal/scripts/linux/hal-system- power-hibernate-linux` or `/usr/lib/hal` I searched for power files (is it all there?:               find /usr/lib -iname "*power*"     /usr/lib/libupower-glib.so.1     /usr/lib/klibc/bin/poweroff     /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/axiom/test/test_powerup.pyc     /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/axiom/test/test_powerup.py     /usr/lib/upower     /usr/lib/upower/upowerd     /usr/lib/libupower-glib.so.1.0.1     /usr/lib/gnome-power-manager     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/OpenGL/raw/GL/ARB/texture_non_power_of_two.pyc     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/OpenGL/raw/GL/ARB/texture_non_power_of_two.py     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/OpenGL/GL/ARB/texture_non_power_of_two.pyc     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/OpenGL/GL/ARB/texture_non_power_of_two.py     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/coherence/upnp/services/servers/switch_power_server.py     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/coherence/upnp/services/servers/switch_power_server.pyc     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/coherence/upnp/services/clients/switch_power_client.pyc     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/coherence/upnp/services/clients/test/test_switch_power_client.py     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/coherence/upnp/services/clients/test/test_switch_power_client.pyc     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/coherence/upnp/services/clients/switch_power_client.py     /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/coherence/upnp/core/xml-service-descriptions/SwitchPower1.xml     /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d     /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/sched-powersave     /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/00powersave     /usr/lib/rhythmbox/plugins/power-manager     /usr/lib/rhythmbox/plugins/power-manager/libpower-manager.so     /usr/lib/rhythmbox/plugins/power-manager/power-manager.rb-plugin


title: How can I recover deleted data from a partition

text: I want to recover deleted data from a partition with the help of a Python program. I know that on deletion, only the inode information of that file is deleted, but the bits are not overwritten by zeroes on deletion. However, how do I access the partition and retrieve data from there? I want to deal with file deletion. I am using ext4 filesystem. This is part of an assignment in a course called Cyber Forensics. However, my teacher doesn't know how to perform this task. We are being asked to use ready-made tools for recovery, which doesn't make any sense for us as students, as we don't get to see the source. So, I want to be able to write an equivalent recovery tool.


title: Is nameif deprecated? If so is there an equivalent replacement?

text: I read that the `nameif` is deprecated, although I still see it on my Ubuntu 14.04 system. If this command is deprecated, is the command cited for removal or will it still be available? This command is extremely useful when trying to make consistent interface names particularly when your NIC's are constantly changing. Modifying udev (`/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules`) is only useful when your NIC configuration is static. In my case, the NIC's on my system are changing as it is a test bed and I have a startup script which reads the system mac addresses and NIC mac addresses, generates `/etc/mactab` file and runs `nameif` to make my interface names consistent. It seems that `ip link` command is the replacement for `nameif` although it only seems to change interface names based on another interface name: `ip link set { dev DEVICE } [ name NEWNAME ]` This is not as friendly because first you have to find the mapping between mac address and interface name, and then perform your changes (see `ip link help`). **Is there a replacement command like`nameif` where the interface name can be set on the fly by the mac address? If not, is it ok to continue to use `nameif`?**


title: application to see the cpu architecture in a figure

text: I remember there was an application that showed, in the console, or in a simple picture, the memory architecture of the system: what caches were shared by which processors, etc. but I can't remember that command. Does any of you remember off the top of your head?


title: VIA "Chrome 9 HC" graphics card causes blackscreen on CentOS 6.5

text: I'm using Centos 6.5 (i386, fully updated) and get a black screen, when trying to startx. Debian was able to run a Desktop-Environment on the same machine. My graphics card is: CN896/VN896/P4M900 [Chrome 9 HC] (Vendor: VIA) This driver is installed: xorg-x11-drv- openchrome-0.3.0-3.20120806git.el6.i686.rpm (link to driver) I'm a beginner with linux, so all I see is, that /var/log/Xorg.0.log says there might be a problem with the drivers:               [   992.839]     X.Org X Server 1.13.0     Release Date: 2012-09-05     [   992.839] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0     [   992.839] Build Operating System: c6b9 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64     [   992.839] Current Operating System: Linux cli-4-sw 2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.i686 #1 SMP Thu Jun 19 19:51:30 UTC 2014 i686     [   992.839] Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_cli4sw-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=de-latin1-nodeadkeys rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd_LVM_LV=vg_cli4sw/lv_swap  LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_cli4sw/lv_root rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet     [   992.839] Build Date: 20 December 2013  12:05:13PM     [   992.843] Build ID: xorg-x11-server 1.13.0-23.1.el6.centos     [   992.843] Current version of pixman: 0.26.2     [   992.843]    Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.centos.org/Documentation        to make sure that you have the latest version.     [   992.843] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,        (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,        (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.     [   992.843] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Jul  8 13:26:18 2014     [   992.844] (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"     [   992.844] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"     [   992.844] (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.     [   992.844] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.     [   992.844] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)     [   992.844] (**) |   |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"     [   992.845] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".        Using a default monitor configuration.     [   992.845] (**) Option "DontVTSwitch" "true"     [   992.845] (**) Option "DontZap" "true"     [   992.845] (==) Automatically adding devices     [   992.845] (==) Automatically enabling devices     [   992.845] (==) Not automatically adding GPU devices     [   992.845] (==) FontPath set to:        catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d,        built-ins     [   992.845] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"     [   992.845] (II) The server relies on HAL to provide the list of input devices.        If no devices become available, reconfigure HAL or disable AutoAddDevices.     [   992.845] (II) Loader magic: 0x8271020     [   992.845] (II) Module ABI versions:     [   992.845]    X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4     [   992.845]    X.Org Video Driver: 13.1     [   992.849]    X.Org XInput driver : 18.1     [   992.849]    X.Org Server Extension : 7.0     [   992.851] (--) PCI:*(0:1:0:0) 1106:3371:1106:3371 rev 1, Mem @ 0xd0000000/134217728, 0xdd000000/16777216, BIOS @ 0x????????/65536     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension Generic Event Extension     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension SHAPE     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension MIT-SHM     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XInputExtension     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XTEST     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension BIG-REQUESTS     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension SYNC     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XKEYBOARD     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XC-MISC     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension SECURITY     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XINERAMA     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XFIXES     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension RENDER     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension RANDR     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension COMPOSITE     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension DAMAGE     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension DOUBLE-BUFFER     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension RECORD     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension DPMS     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension X-Resource     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XVideo     [   992.855] Initializing built-in extension XVideo-MotionCompensation     [   992.856] Initializing built-in extension SELinux     [   992.856] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-VidModeExtension     [   992.856] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-DGA     [   992.856] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-DRI     [   992.856] Initializing built-in extension DRI2     [   992.856] (II) "glx" will be loaded by default.     [   992.856] (II) LoadModule: "dri2"     [   992.856] (II) Module "dri2" already built-in     [   992.856] (II) LoadModule: "glamoregl"     [   992.857] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so     [   992.885] (II) Module glamoregl: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   992.885]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.5.0     [   992.885]    ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4     [   992.885] (II) LoadModule: "glx"     [   992.886] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so     [   992.886] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   992.886]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 1.0.0     [   992.887]    ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 7.0     [   992.887] (==) AIGLX enabled     [   992.887] Loading extension GLX     [   992.887] (==) Matched openchrome as autoconfigured driver 0     [   992.887] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1     [   992.887] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 2     [   992.887] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3     [   992.887] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout     [   992.887] (II) LoadModule: "openchrome"     [   992.891] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/openchrome_drv.so     [   992.892] (II) Module openchrome: vendor="http://openchrome.org/"     [   992.892]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.3.0     [   992.892]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [   992.892]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [   992.892] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"     [   992.893] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so     [   992.897] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   992.897]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 2.3.2     [   992.897]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [   992.897]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [   992.897] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"     [   992.898] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so     [   992.899] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   992.899]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.5.0     [   992.899]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [   992.899]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [   992.899] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"     [   992.899] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so     [   992.903] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   992.903]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.4.3     [   992.903]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [   992.903]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [   992.903] (II) OPENCHROME: Driver for VIA Chrome chipsets: CLE266, KM400/KN400,        K8M800/K8N800, PM800/PM880/CN400, VM800/P4M800Pro/VN800/CN700,        CX700/VX700, K8M890/K8N890, P4M890, P4M900/VN896/CN896, VX800/VX820,        VX855/VX875, VX900     [   992.904] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa     [   992.904] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms     [   992.904] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev     [   992.904] (--) using VT number 7          [   992.913] (!!) VIA Technologies does not support this driver in any way.     [   992.918] (!!) For support, please refer to http://www.openchrome.org/.     [   992.919] (!!) (development build, compiled on Sat Feb 23 19:56:24 2013)     [   992.919] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for vesa     [   992.919] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting     [   992.919] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory     [   992.919] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev     [   992.919] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"     [   992.919] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"     [   992.919] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so     [   992.920] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   992.920]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.0.2     [   992.920]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [   992.930] (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such device     [   992.931] (II) CHROME(0): VIAPreInit     [   992.931] (II) CHROME(0): VIAGetRec     [   992.931] (--) CHROME(0): Chipset: P4M900/VN896/CN896     [   992.931] (--) CHROME(0): Chipset revision: 0     [   993.015] (EE) CHROME(0): [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: No such file or directory     [   993.015] (II) Loading sub module "vgahw"     [   993.015] (II) LoadModule: "vgahw"     [   993.015] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libvgahw.so     [   993.016] (II) Module vgahw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   993.016]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.1.0     [   993.016]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [   993.016] (--) CHROME(0): Probed amount of VideoRAM = 131072 kB     [   993.016] (II) CHROME(0): VIAMapMMIO     [   993.017] (--) CHROME(0): mapping MMIO @ 0xdd000000 with size 0xd000     [   993.017] (--) CHROME(0): mapping BitBlt MMIO @ 0xdd200000 with size 0x200000     [   993.021] (II) CHROME(0): vgaHWGetIOBase: hwp->IOBase is 0x03d0     [   993.021] (II) CHROME(0): VIAMapFB     [   993.021] (--) CHROME(0): mapping framebuffer @ 0xd0000000 with size 0x8000000     [   993.132] (--) CHROME(0): Frame buffer start: 0xaf553000, free start: 0x0 end: 0x8000000     [   993.132] (II) CHROME(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section        "Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): RGB weight 888     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): Default visual is TrueColor     [   993.132] (II) CHROME(0): VIASetupDefaultOptions - Setting up default chipset options.     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): Shadow framebuffer is disabled.     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): Hardware acceleration is enabled.     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): Using EXA acceleration architecture.     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): EXA composite acceleration disabled.     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): EXA scratch area size is 4096 kB.     [   993.132] (==) CHROME(0): Using hardware two-color cursors and software full-color cursors.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): GPU virtual command queue will be enabled.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): DRI IRQ will be enabled if DRI is enabled.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): AGP DMA will be disabled if DRI is enabled.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): PCI DMA will not be used for XV image transfer if DRI is enabled.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): Will not enable VBE modes.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): VBE VGA register save & restore will not be used        if VBE modes are enabled.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): Xv Bandwidth check is enabled.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): Will not impose a limit on video RAM reserved for DRI.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): Will try to allocate 32768 kB of AGP memory.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): TV dotCrawl is disabled.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): TV deflicker is set to 0.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): No default TV type is set.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): No default TV output signal type is set.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): No default TV output port is set.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): Will not print VGA registers.     [   993.136] (==) CHROME(0): Will not scan I2C buses.     [   993.136] (II) CHROME(0): ...Finished parsing config file options.     [   993.136] (WW) CHROME(0): Manufacturer plainly copied main PCI IDs to subsystem/card IDs.     [   993.136] (--) CHROME(0): Detected VIA VB8001 Mini-ITX Board (P4M900). Card-Ids (1106|3371)     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): Detected MemClk 8     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): ViaGetMemoryBandwidth. Memory type: 8     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): Detected TV standard: NTSC.     [   993.137] (II) Loading sub module "ramdac"     [   993.137] (II) LoadModule: "ramdac"     [   993.137] (II) Module "ramdac" already built-in     [   993.137] (II) Loading sub module "i2c"     [   993.137] (II) LoadModule: "i2c"     [   993.137] (II) Module "i2c" already built-in     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): ViaI2CInit     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): ViaI2CBus1Init     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): I2C bus "I2C bus 1" initialized.     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): ViaI2cBus2Init     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): I2C bus "I2C bus 2" initialized.     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): ViaI2CBus3Init     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): I2C bus "I2C bus 3" initialized.     [   993.137] (II) Loading sub module "ddc"     [   993.137] (II) LoadModule: "ddc"     [   993.137] (II) Module "ddc" already built-in     [   993.137] (II) CHROME(0): ViaOutputsDetect     [   993.138] (==) CHROME(0): LVDS-0 : Digital output bus width is 12 bits.     [   993.138] (==) CHROME(0): LVDS-0 : DVI Center is disabled.     [   993.138] (==) CHROME(0): LVDS Panel will not be forced.     [   993.138] (==) CHROME(0): Panel size is not selected from config file.     [   993.138] (II) CHROME(0): Output VGA-1 has no monitor section     [   993.142] (II) CHROME(0): I2C device "I2C bus 1:ddc2" registered at address 0xA0.     [   993.149] (II) CHROME(0): ViaDisplayDisableCRT     [   993.149] (II) CHROME(0): EDID for output VGA-1     [   993.149] (II) CHROME(0): Output VGA-1 disconnected     [   993.149] (WW) CHROME(0): No outputs definitely connected, trying again...     [   993.149] (II) CHROME(0): Output VGA-1 disconnected     [   993.149] (WW) CHROME(0): Unable to find connected outputs - setting 1024x768 initial framebuffer     [   993.149] (II) CHROME(0): Using default gamma of (1.0, 1.0, 1.0) unless otherwise stated.     [   993.149] (==) CHROME(0): DPI set to (96, 96)     [   993.149] (II) Loading sub module "fb"     [   993.149] (II) LoadModule: "fb"     [   993.150] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so     [   993.155] (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   993.155]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 1.0.0     [   993.155]    ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4     [   993.155] (II) Loading sub module "exa"     [   993.155] (II) LoadModule: "exa"     [   993.155] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libexa.so     [   993.156] (II) Module exa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   993.156]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 2.6.0     [   993.156]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.1     [   993.156] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"     [   993.156] (II) Unloading vesa     [   993.156] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"     [   993.156] (II) Unloading modesetting     [   993.156] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"     [   993.160] (II) Unloading fbdev     [   993.160] (II) UnloadSubModule: "fbdevhw"     [   993.160] (II) Unloading fbdevhw     [   993.160] (--) Depth 24 pixmap format is 32 bpp     [   993.160] (II) CHROME(0): VIAScreenInit     [   993.160] (II) CHROME(0): Frame Buffer From (0,0) To (1024,32767)     [   993.160] (II) CHROME(0): Using 31999 lines for offscreen memory.     [   993.161] 3145728 bytes of Linear memory allocated at 300000, handle 165092776     [   993.161] 262144 bytes of Linear memory allocated at 600000, handle 165111608     [   993.161] 32 bytes of Linear memory allocated at 640000, handle 165085752     [   993.161] 32 bytes of Linear memory allocated at 640080, handle 165085880     [   993.161] (II) CHROME(0): - Visuals set up     [   993.161] (II) CHROME(0): - B & W     [   993.161] (II) CHROME(0): [EXA] Disabling EXA accelerated composite.     [   993.162] (**) CHROME(0): Option "MigrationHeuristic" "greedy"     [   993.162] (II) EXA(0): Offscreen pixmap area of 131072000 bytes     [   993.162] (II) EXA(0): Driver registered support for the following operations:     [   993.162] (II)         Solid     [   993.162] (II)         Copy     [   993.162] (II) CHROME(0): [EXA] Enabled EXA acceleration.     [   993.162] (==) CHROME(0): Backing store disabled     [   993.162] (II) CHROME(0): - Backing store set up     [   993.162] (II) CHROME(0): - SW cursor set up     [   993.162] (II) CHROME(0): HWCursor ARGB enabled     [   993.162] 16384 bytes of Linear memory allocated at 641000, handle 165093848     [   993.162] 16384 bytes of Linear memory allocated at 645000, handle 165094232     [   993.162] (II) CHROME(0): RandR 1.2 enabled, ignore the following RandR disabled message.     [   993.166] (II) CHROME(0): - Def Color map set up     [   993.166] (II) CHROME(0): - Palette loaded     [   993.166] (II) CHROME(0): - Color maps etc. set up     [   993.166] (==) CHROME(0): DPMS enabled     [   993.166] (II) CHROME(0): - DPMS set up     [   993.166] (II) CHROME(0): VIAEnterVT     [   993.166] (II) CHROME(0): VIASave     [   993.166] (II) CHROME(0): Primary     [   993.423] (II) CHROME(0): Primary Adapter! saving VGA_SR_ALL !!     [   993.427] (II) CHROME(0): Crtc...     [   993.427] (II) CHROME(0): TVSave...     [   993.427] (II) CHROME(0): VIASave     [   993.427] (II) CHROME(0): Primary     [   993.679] (II) CHROME(0): Primary Adapter! saving VGA_SR_ALL !!     [   993.679] (II) CHROME(0): Crtc...     [   993.679] (II) CHROME(0): TVSave...     [   993.679] (II) CHROME(0): ViaDisplayDisableCRT     [   993.679] (II) CHROME(0): ViaDisplayDisableCRT     [   993.679] DRM memory allocation failed -6     [   993.683] 635904 bytes of Linear memory allocated at 649000, handle 165152120     [   993.684] (II) CHROME(0): Benchmarking video copy.  Less time is better.     [   993.701] (--) CHROME(0): Timed   libc YUV420 copy... 4762460. Throughput: 124.3 MiB/s.     [   993.713] (--) CHROME(0): Timed kernel YUV420 copy... 4743212. Throughput: 124.8 MiB/s.     [   993.720] (--) CHROME(0): Timed    SSE YUV420 copy... 983023. Throughput: 602.0 MiB/s.     [   993.732] (--) CHROME(0): Timed    MMX YUV420 copy... 4608320. Throughput: 128.4 MiB/s.     [   993.732] (--) CHROME(0): Ditching 3DNow! YUV420 copy. Not supported by CPU.     [   993.739] (--) CHROME(0): Timed   MMX2 YUV420 copy... 1070837. Throughput: 552.7 MiB/s.     [   993.743] Freed 6590464 (pool 4)     [   993.743] (--) CHROME(0): Using SSE YUV42X copy for video.     [   993.743] (WW) CHROME(0): [XvMC] XvMC is not supported on this chipset.     [   993.743] (II) CHROME(0): - Done     [   993.743] (--) RandR disabled     [   993.821] (II) SELinux: Disabled on system     [   993.833] (II) AIGLX: Screen 0 is not DRI2 capable     [   993.833] (II) AIGLX: Screen 0 is not DRI capable     [   993.914] (II) AIGLX: Loaded and initialized swrast     [   993.914] (II) GLX: Initialized DRISWRAST GL provider for screen 0     [   994.506] (II) config/hal: Adding input device AT Translated Set 2 keyboard     [   994.506] (II) LoadModule: "evdev"     [   994.507] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so     [   994.508] (II) Module evdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [   994.508]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 2.7.3     [   994.508]    Module class: X.Org XInput Driver     [   994.508]    ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 18.0     [   994.508] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'AT Translated Set 2 keyboard'     [   994.508] (**) AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: always reports core events     [   994.508] (**) evdev: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: Device: "/dev/input/event4"     [   994.509] (--) evdev: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: Vendor 0x1 Product 0x1     [   994.509] (--) evdev: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: Found keys     [   994.509] (II) evdev: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: Configuring as keyboard     [   994.509] (**) Option "config_info" "hal:/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/platform_i8042_i8042_KBD_port_logicaldev_input"     [   994.509] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "AT Translated Set 2 keyboard" (type: KEYBOARD, id 6)     [   994.509] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [   994.509] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"     [   994.509] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "de"     [   994.509] (**) Option "xkb_variant" "nodeadkeys"     [   994.509] (**) Option "xkb_options" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"     [   995.067] (II) config/hal: Adding input device Sleep Button     [   995.067] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Sleep Button'     [   995.067] (**) Sleep Button: always reports core events     [   995.067] (**) evdev: Sleep Button: Device: "/dev/input/event1"     [   995.068] (--) evdev: Sleep Button: Vendor 0 Product 0x3     [   995.068] (--) evdev: Sleep Button: Found keys     [   995.068] (II) evdev: Sleep Button: Configuring as keyboard     [   995.068] (**) Option "config_info" "hal:/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer_logicaldev_input_1"     [   995.068] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Sleep Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 7)     [   995.068] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [   995.068] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"     [   995.068] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "de"     [   995.068] (**) Option "xkb_variant" "nodeadkeys"     [   995.068] (**) Option "xkb_options" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"     [   995.110] (II) config/hal: Adding input device Power Button     [   995.110] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Power Button'     [   995.111] (**) Power Button: always reports core events     [   995.111] (**) evdev: Power Button: Device: "/dev/input/event0"     [   995.111] (--) evdev: Power Button: Vendor 0 Product 0x1     [   995.111] (--) evdev: Power Button: Found keys     [   995.111] (II) evdev: Power Button: Configuring as keyboard     [   995.111] (**) Option "config_info" "hal:/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer_logicaldev_input_0"     [   995.111] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Power Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 8)     [   995.111] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [   995.111] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"     [   995.111] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "de"     [   995.111] (**) Option "xkb_variant" "nodeadkeys"     [   995.111] (**) Option "xkb_options" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"     [   995.153] (II) config/hal: Adding input device Power Button     [   995.153] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Power Button'     [   995.153] (**) Power Button: always reports core events     [   995.153] (**) evdev: Power Button: Device: "/dev/input/event2"     [   995.153] (--) evdev: Power Button: Vendor 0 Product 0x1     [   995.153] (--) evdev: Power Button: Found keys     [   995.154] (II) evdev: Power Button: Configuring as keyboard     [   995.154] (**) Option "config_info" "hal:/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer_logicaldev_input"     [   995.154] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Power Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 9)     [   995.154] (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev"     [   995.154] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"     [   995.154] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "de"     [   995.154] (**) Option "xkb_variant" "nodeadkeys"     [   995.154] (**) Option "xkb_options" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"     [   995.187] (II) config/hal: Adding input device ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse     [   995.187] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse'     [   995.187] (**) ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: always reports core events     [   995.187] (**) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Device: "/dev/input/event5"     [   995.188] (--) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Vendor 0x2 Product 0x5     [   995.188] (--) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Found 3 mouse buttons     [   995.188] (--) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Found scroll wheel(s)     [   995.188] (--) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Found relative axes     [   995.188] (--) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Found x and y relative axes     [   995.188] (II) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Configuring as mouse     [   995.188] (II) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: Adding scrollwheel support     [   995.188] (**) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: YAxisMapping: buttons 4 and 5     [   995.188] (**) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: EmulateWheelButton: 4, EmulateWheelInertia: 10, EmulateWheelTimeout: 200     [   995.188] (**) Option "config_info" "hal:/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/platform_i8042_i8042_AUX_port_logicaldev_input"     [   995.188] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse" (type: MOUSE, id 10)     [   995.189] (II) evdev: ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: initialized for relative axes.     [   995.189] (**) ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: (accel) keeping acceleration scheme 1     [   995.190] (**) ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: (accel) acceleration profile 0     [   995.190] (**) ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: (accel) acceleration factor: 2.000     [   995.190] (**) ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse: (accel) acceleration threshold: 4     [   995.220] (II) config/hal: Adding input device Macintosh mouse button emulation     [   995.220] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'Macintosh mouse button emulation'     [   995.220] (**) Macintosh mouse button emulation: always reports core events     [   995.220] (**) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: Device: "/dev/input/event3"     [   995.221] (--) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: Vendor 0x1 Product 0x1     [   995.221] (--) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: Found 3 mouse buttons     [   995.221] (--) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: Found relative axes     [   995.221] (--) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: Found x and y relative axes     [   995.221] (II) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: Configuring as mouse     [   995.221] (**) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: YAxisMapping: buttons 4 and 5     [   995.221] (**) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: EmulateWheelButton: 4, EmulateWheelInertia: 10, EmulateWheelTimeout: 200     [   995.221] (**) Option "config_info" "hal:/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer_logicaldev_input_2"     [   995.221] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Macintosh mouse button emulation" (type: MOUSE, id 11)     [   995.221] (II) evdev: Macintosh mouse button emulation: initialized for relative axes.     [   995.222] (**) Macintosh mouse button emulation: (accel) keeping acceleration scheme 1     [   995.222] (**) Macintosh mouse button emulation: (accel) acceleration profile 0     [   995.222] (**) Macintosh mouse button emulation: (accel) acceleration factor: 2.000     [   995.222] (**) Macintosh mouse button emulation: (accel) acceleration threshold: 4     [   995.227] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 1 connected from local host ( uid=0 gid=0 pid=2662 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   995.241] (II) CHROME(0): ViaDisplayDisableCRT     [   995.468] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 2 connected from local host ( uid=0 gid=0 pid=2675 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   995.501] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 2 disconnected     [   995.524] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 2 connected from local host ( uid=0 gid=0 pid=2678 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   995.526] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 2 disconnected     [   995.576] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 2 connected from local host ( uid=0 gid=0 pid=2682 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   995.582] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 2 disconnected     [   995.640] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 2 connected from local host ( uid=0 gid=0 pid=2662 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   995.989] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 3 connected from local host ( uid=0 gid=0 pid=2754 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   995.992] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:21 2014: 2665: client 3 disconnected     [   996.241] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:22 2014: 2665: client 3 connected from local host ( uid=500 gid=500 pid=2758 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   996.248] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:22 2014: 2665: client 3 disconnected     [   996.262] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:22 2014: 2665: client 3 connected from local host ( uid=500 gid=500 pid=2759 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   996.265] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:22 2014: 2665: client 3 disconnected     [   996.287] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:22 2014: 2665: client 3 connected from local host ( uid=500 gid=500 pid=2761 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   996.329] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:22 2014: 2665: client 4 connected from local host ( uid=500 gid=500 pid=2764 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 243     [   996.367] AUDIT: Tue Jul  8 13:26:22 2014: 2665: client 5 connected from local      ...      complete log at pastebin What exactly is the problem with the existing drivers / CentOS 6.5 and how can I fix it?