title: Change default path for when I SSH in to CentOS server?

text: I have a CentOS 5.7 web server, and I want to change the default place I land in when connecting using SSH. Currently I land in `/home/username`, and I want to land in `/home` instead. I've gone in as root and added `PermitUserEnvironment yes` to `/etc/.ssh/sshd_config` \- and as I understand it this then sweeps the user's own `ssh` folder for an `environment` file. What I'm not sure about is exactly what I'm adding to this environment file, as `export path=$PATH:$HOME` doesn't seem to work, either here or in my .bashrc or .bash_profile files (which as I understand it wouldn't make a difference anyway as an SSH connection is a non- interactive shell?). Thanks in advance.


title: /var partition gets full what's the solution?

text: If `/var` partition gets full on Production server then what's the solution ? Below are my workaround:   * If it is LVM Partition then we can extend it online.   * We can compress logs.   * We can remove old data. Please suggest me more possible ways to solve and overcome this issue. It would be helpful for me if you can share your experiences of this issue ever faced.


title: How to reload routing table on Centos without lost network service

text: I've add 1 route in configuration network file, how to reload routing table on Centos without lost network service


title: Awk/grep/sed get comma separated list of numbers from lines of text

text: I have a log file that has lines that look like this:               blah blah blah Photo for (702049679 - blah blah blah      Now I know I could get all the lines like that from the file by doing:               grep "Photo for" logFile      But how can I take those lines and get a comma seperated list of each number after the parenthesis in a single output line (these are going to be pasted into an SQL query)? The numbers in question will be the first occurrence of a string of numeric characters 9 or more digits long. Ideally it could be matched using that criteria, or the criteria of the first number occurring after the "Photo for (" text.


title: russian letters in gentoo console as '?'

text: I managed to get russian language working in my Gnome apps, but neither in the console (Alt-Shift-F2 and such) nor in the Gnome Terminal               valyagentoo va1en0k # locale     LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8     LC_CTYPE="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_NUMERIC="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_TIME="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_COLLATE="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_MONETARY="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_MESSAGES="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_PAPER="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_NAME="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_ADDRESS="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_TELEPHONE="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_MEASUREMENT="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_IDENTIFICATION="ru_RU.UTF-8"     LC_ALL=ru_RU.UTF-8               valyagentoo va1en0k # cat /etc/conf.d/consolefont      # /etc/conf.d/consolefont          # CONSOLEFONT specifies the default font that you'd like Linux to use on the     # console.  You can find a good selection of fonts in /usr/share/consolefonts;     # you shouldn't specify the trailing ".psf.gz", just the font name below.     # To use the default console font, comment out the CONSOLEFONT setting below.     # This setting is used by the /etc/init.d/consolefont script (NOTE: if you do          CONSOLEFONT="UniCyr-sans"          # CONSOLETRANSLATION is the charset map file to use.  Leave commented to use     # the default one.  Have a look in /usr/share/consoletrans for a selection of     # map files you can use.          # CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-1_to_uni"


title: Can't connect to internet in Ubuntu 10.10

text: I'm having trouble getting Ubuntu connected to the internet in vmware fusion. Every other Linux distro has no trouble... `ifconfig` shows that `eth0` is up and running, has been assigned an ipv4 address (DHCP) as well as an ipv6 address. I can `ping localhost`, but nothing else. It just stalls out. I'm running vmware in NAT (as opposed to bridged) mode, which has worked fine for all other distros I've tried (Debian, BackTrack, openSuse...). I thought Ubuntu was supposed to be ridiculously easy to work with? Seems a lot of people have had this problem, but no clear answers yet. Thanks in advance for any guidance!


title: How to find out easily whether a block device (or a part of it) is mounted somehow

text: I want to know what the easiest way is to determine (without root privilege) whether a block device (say `sdb`) or any part of it is mounted (and which part of it). Checking `/proc/mounts` for sdb is not enough because `sdb` or one of its partitions may be used by LVM. You can check `/sys/block/sdb/sdb*/holders/` but you get `dm-x` entries which have to be resolved to `/dev/mapper` names in order to check `/proc/mounts`. Possible but if there is an easier solution... (which should not require root privilege)


title: EC2 1/2 status checks while replacing the volume

text: So, I an EC2 instance and 2 volume with 8GB and 50GB. Initially 8GB was mounted to root device (/dev/sda1). I intended to switch root to 50GB. Here are the steps, I followed:               - Stop the instance     - De-attach 8GB     - De-attach 50GB     - Attach 50GB to instance using /dev/sda1     - Start the instance      Now, I see status checks 1/2 passed. I can not login to machine. Can anyone explain how to fix this issue? I stopped and started the instance again but it did not work. Please help.


title: What characters TAR doesn't like?

text: I keep a list of photos burned to dvds for incremental backups but I got into a strange situation where a file was already burned into a dvd but tar keeps saying it's not. Here the steps to reproduce:               mkdir tarbug && cd tarbug     mkdir -p photos/{1,2,3}     touch "photos/1/P06-23-08_15.21[1].jpg"     touch "photos/2/P06.jpg"     touch "photos/3/P01.jpg"      Create a list of all files (normally I append to list once a dvd is burned):               find photos -type f > list      Now give me new files excluding files in list and don't show directories:               tar cf - photos -X list | tar tf - | grep -v '/$'      Result:               photos/1/P06-23-08_15.21[1].jpg      That shouldn't show as it's in the file list. I figured out it's brackets that need to be escaped by backslash? but how I'm supposed to know that? any list of characters tar doesn't like or uses for something else?


title: Counting files in folder without wc

text: Why does the following scripts give a count of 0 instead of giving the count of files present in the directory?               #!/bin/bash     cd /root/Jamshed/script     count=0     ls -lrt > all_files     cat all_files | while read dir     do           count=$(($count + 1))     done     echo $count;


title: Why does find -mtime +1 only return files older than 2 days?

text: CentOS 5.9 I'm struggling to wrap my mind around _why_ the `find` interprets file modification times the way it does. Specifically, I don't understand why the `-mtime +1` doesn't show files less than 48 hours old. As an example test I created three test files with different modified dates:               [root@foobox findtest]# ls -l     total 0     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 25 08:44 foo1     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 24 08:14 foo2     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 23 08:14 foo3      I then ran find with the `-mtime +1` switch and got the following output:               [root@foobox findtest]# find -mtime +1     ./foo3      I then ran find with the `-mmin +1440` and got the following output:               [root@foobox findtest]# find -mmin +1440     ./foo3     ./foo2      As per the man page for find, I understand that this is expected behavior:                -mtime n             File’s  data was last modified n*24 hours ago.  See the comments             for -atime to understand how rounding affects the interpretation             of file modification times.               -atime n            File  was  last  accessed n*24 hours ago.  When find figures out            how many 24-hour periods ago the file  was  last  accessed,  any            fractional part is ignored, so to match -atime +1, a file has to            have been accessed at least two days ago.      This still doesn't make sense to me though. So if a file is 1 day, 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds old, `find -mtime +1` ignores all that and just treats it like it's 1 day, 0 hours, 0 minutes, and 0 seconds old? In which case, it's not technically older that 1 day and ignored? Does... not... compute.


title: Recommendations for Free Linux monitoring tools

text: My Linux version is `Linux 3.4.76-65.111.amzn1.x86_64 x86_64`. It's AWS. These days I'm suffering from the absence of monitoring tools, processes sometimes die without knowing it. My need is simple. Though they might be achieved by my own shell script, I want it managed by tools.   1. Alert if specific processes die   2. Alert if resource(hard disk space, CPU, MEMORY) reaches to treshold   3. Tracking resource usage   4. Free for corporation use


title: Using more command

text: Is there any case or reason to use "more" unix command instead of "less". As far as I see "less" is "better" in all senses, so does it mean that "more" is a command which has no reason to be used when there's "less"?


title: How to limit all tcp traffic to the network interface the session was initiated on?

text: I have an embedded linux system with two network interfaces (lan0, wlan0) that are configured to the same subnet. A server on this system accepts tcp connections on both interfaces. How I can assure that that all responses for a session are send on the same interface that the request was received on? I.e. how can all traffic of a tcp session be limited to a specific network interface? The listen() socket and the accepted sockets can be bound to an interface/device with setsockopt(fd, BIND_TO_DEVICE). The server does this for both interfaces. This helps to detect on which interface the session was created and to limit the outbound traffic to the same interface. But when the accept() happens, the SYN-ACK is send back to the client and a problem seems to be that this initial packet can be send over the other (wrong) interface because of the ARP lookup. The arp can find the ip address of the client on the other/"wrong" interface because the client is also visible there.


title: Can redirecting stdout and stderr to the same file mangle lines?

text: I've read that when redirecting `stdout` and `stderr` to the same file using `2>&1`, `stdout` is usually block buffered while `stderr` is unbuffered. If a very long line is written to `stdout`, requiring two separate flushes of the buffer, could it happen that a line from `stderr` slips in the middle? Something like this:               stdout:   aaaaaaaa.....really long line......aaaaaaaaaaaa<newline>          stderr:   eee<newline>          combined: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaeee<newline>               aaaaaaa<newline>


title: Linux: what is on each of my hard drives

text: I am about to get a new PC built by my local Expert, and will have Fedora 20 installed on it (with dual boot for a bit of Windows in case I really _have_ to use it). It will have a new hard drive, but I want to keep the existing ones available for the data on them. I'm avoiding too much detail here, I just have the one specific question -- I have great faith in my Expert to sort it all out, but I want to find out as much as I can beforehand. At present I have Fedora 12, and two internal hard drives whose details and partitioning I have forgotten. So, my question is: please, how can I find out what is on each? I can't understand the output of df and how it relates to the physical drives.


title: Xubuntu 12.04: slow login

text: I'm running Xubuntu 12.04, and after I ran the update, my login started slowing down big time. I've dabbled a little bit with the programs in Settings -> Settings Manager -> Session and Startup, and tried closing and opening these programs, and then rebooting. Anyways, I narrowed it down to a combination of 2 processes, "Network" (the connection manager) and "Xfce Volume Daemon". Their corresponding terminal commands are:               ~$ nm-applet     ~$ xfce4-volumed      If I disable them, and then run them after login is complete, everything works just fine. Is there a way for me to run these commands automatically at start up? I want to maybe write a shell script and save it somewhere, or at least edit the order things happen after login, so the desktop can load before these processes.


title: Where are my sshd logs?

text: I can't find my sshd logs in the standard places. What I've tried:   * Not in /var/log/auth.log   * Not in /var/log/secure   * Did a system search for 'auth.log' and found nothing   * I've set /etc/ssh/sshd_config to explicitly use `SyslogFacility AUTH` and `LogLevel INFO` and restarted sshd and still can't find them I'm using openssh 6.5p1-2 on Arch Linux


title: Problem with configure - cannot find -lgcc_s

text: I want install Argos 0.5 to Debian 3.12.6-2 (2013-12-29) x86_64 GNU/Linux. I had to install gcc 3.4 because Argos call for it. Now I have gcc 3.4 and gcc 4.8.2-2 too. Problem is that `./configure` script gives this error:               The error log from compiling the libSDL test is:     /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s     collect2: ld returned 1 exit status     ERROR: ARGOS requires SDL or Cocoa for graphical output     To build ARGOS without graphical output configure with --disable-gfx-check     Note that this will disable all output from the virtual graphics card.      I have installed libsdl and Cocoa with apt-get. But I have the same problem still. If I search libgcc: `find /usr/ -name libgcc*` I get this output:               /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgccpp.so.1     /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgccpp.so.1.0.3     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_eh.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_s.so     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/libgcc_eh.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/libgcc_s.so     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/libgcc.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/libgcc_s_32.so     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/libgcc_eh.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/libgcc_s.so     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/32/libgcc_s_32.so     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/32/libgcc_eh.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/32/libgcc_s.so     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/32/libgcc.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/libgcc.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_eh.a     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a     /usr/lib/ure/lib/libgcc3_uno.so     /usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.7-dev     /usr/share/doc/libgcc1     /usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.8-dev     /usr/share/lintian/overrides/libgcc1      How can I solve this problem? I have tried compile this simple program with gcc-3.4.               // program.c     #include <stdio.h>          int main() {      printf("Hello, world!\n");      return 0;     }       And I get tis output:               gcc-3.4 program.c     /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s     collect2: ld returned 1 exit status      If I use gcc 4.8.2 everything is ok.


title: What is the difference between grep -e and grep -E option?

text: I am trying to understand the difference between `grep -e` and `grep -E`. Now from `grep manpage` I got: > -E, --extended-regexp > > Interpret PATTERN as an extended regular expression (see below). > > -e PATTERN, --regexp=PATTERN > > Use PATTERN as the pattern; useful to protect patterns beginning with - The above explanation might be clear to a regex/grep experienced user but for a beginner like me it makes no sense. So, can someone explain it to me using `examples` what is the difference between the two and when to use which option. PS: Version: grep (GNU grep) 2.10


title: openswan l2tp/IPsec VPN server (NAT'ed)

text: I have searched for a solution for this problem for a few days now and cannot seem to find anything close to my situation (server is always NAT'd and clients are sometimes NAT'd). I am trying to create a VPN server (CentOS 6.5) to host a VPN so I can stay connected. My server sits behind a Cisco 3825 who gets it's WAN IP via Verizon FiOS (DHCP). The server's IP is 10.10.250.211/24 and I would like VPN'd users to use IP addresses in the 10.10.251.0/24 subnet. The traffic makes it into my network via Cisco static NAT (so I know the router isn't the issue):               ip nat inside source static udp 10.10.250.211 500 interface GigabitEthernet0/0 500     ip nat inside source static udp 10.10.250.211 4500 interface GigabitEthernet0/0 4500     ip nat inside source static udp 10.10.250.211 1701 interface GigabitEthernet0/0 1701      /etc/ipsec.conf:               version 2.0     # conforms to second version of ipsec.conf specification     config setup            interfaces=%defaultroute            klipsdebug=none            nat_traversal=yes            nhelpers=0            oe=off            plutodebug=none            plutostderrlog=/var/log/pluto.log            protostack=netkey            virtual_private=%v4:10.10.250.0/24          conn L2TP-PSK            authby=secret            pfs=no            auto=add            keyingtries=3            rekey=no            type=transport            forceencaps=yes            right=%any            rightsubnet=10.10.251.0/24            rightprotoport=17/0            left=%defaultroute            leftprotoport=17/%any            dpddelay=10            dpdtimeout=90            dpdaction=clear      /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd:               ipcp-accept-local     ipcp-accept-remote     ms-dns  10.10.250.213     noccp     auth     crtscts     idle 1800     mtu 1410     mru 1410     nodefaultroute     debug     lock     proxyarp     connect-delay 5000     logfile /var/log/ppp.log      /etc/xl2tpd/xl2tpd.conf:               [global]     listen-addr = 10.10.250.211     ;     ; requires openswan-2.5.18 or higher - Also does not yet work in combination     ; with kernel mode l2tp as present in linux 2.6.23+     ipsec saref = yes     ; Use refinfo of 22 if using an SAref kernel patch based on openswan 2.6.35 or     ;  when using any of the SAref kernel patches for kernels up to 2.6.35.     ; saref refinfo = 30     ;     force userspace = yes     ;     ; debug tunnel = yes          [lns default]     ip range = 10.10.210.100-10.10.251.199     local ip = 10.10.251.1     ; require chap = yes     refuse pap = yes     require authentication = yes     name = h3rrmillerVPN     ppp debug = yes     pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd     length bit = yes      Unfortunately the pluto logs are somewhat cryptic (to me, anyway):               packet from 198.228.227.72:35280: ignoring Vendor ID payload [MS NT5 ISAKMPOAKLEY 00000008]     packet from 198.228.227.72:35280: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109     packet from 198.228.227.72:35280: received Vendor ID payload [draft-ietf-ipsec-nat-t-ike-02_n] meth=106, but already using method     109     packet from 198.228.227.72:35280: ignoring Vendor ID payload [FRAGMENTATION]     packet from 198.228.227.72:35280: ignoring Vendor ID payload [MS-Negotiation Discovery Capable]     packet from 198.228.227.72:35280: ignoring Vendor ID payload [Vid-Initial-Contact]     packet from 198.228.227.72:35280: ignoring Vendor ID payload [IKE CGA version 1]     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: responding to Main Mode from unknown peer 198.228.227.72     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: OAKLEY_GROUP 20 not supported.  Attribute OAKLEY_GROUP_DESCRIPTION     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: OAKLEY_GROUP 19 not supported.  Attribute OAKLEY_GROUP_DESCRIPTION     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: transition from state STATE_MAIN_R0 to state STATE_MAIN_R1     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: STATE_MAIN_R1: sent MR1, expecting MI2     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): both are NATed     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: transition from state STATE_MAIN_R1 to state STATE_MAIN_R2     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: STATE_MAIN_R2: sent MR2, expecting MI3     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: Main mode peer ID is ID_IPV4_ADDR: '172.20.10.2'     "L2TP-PSK"[1] 198.228.227.72 #1: switched from "L2TP-PSK" to "L2TP-PSK"     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: deleting connection "L2TP-PSK" instance with peer 198.228.227.72 {isakmp=#0/ipsec=#0}     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: transition from state STATE_MAIN_R2 to state STATE_MAIN_R3     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: new NAT mapping for #1, was 198.228.227.72:35280, now 198.228.227.72:58327     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: STATE_MAIN_R3: sent MR3, ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=aes_256 prf=oakl     ey_sha group=modp2048}     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706): not enabled because peer did not advertise it     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: the peer proposed: 74.107.96.224/32:17/0 -> 172.20.10.2/32:17/0     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: NAT-Traversal: received 2 NAT-OA. using first, ignoring others     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2: responding to Quick Mode proposal {msgid:01000000}     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2:     us: 10.10.250.211[+S=C]:17/%any     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2:   them: 198.228.227.72[172.20.10.2,+S=C]:17/0===10.10.251.0/24     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2: transition from state STATE_QUICK_R0 to state STATE_QUICK_R1     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2: STATE_QUICK_R1: sent QR1, inbound IPsec SA installed, expecting QI2     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2: netlink_raw_eroute: WARNING: that_client port 0 and that_host port 58327 don't match. Using that_     client port.     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2: Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706): not enabled because peer did not advertise it     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2: transition from state STATE_QUICK_R1 to state STATE_QUICK_R2     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #2: STATE_QUICK_R2: IPsec SA established transport mode {ESP/NAT=>0x3d587759 <0x58e5ad8a xfrm=AES_128     -HMAC_SHA1 NATOA=172.20.10.2 NATD=198.228.227.72:58327 DPD=none}     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: the peer proposed: 74.107.96.224/32:17/0 -> 172.20.10.2/32:17/0     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #1: NAT-Traversal: received 2 NAT-OA. using first, ignoring others     "L2TP-PSK"[2] 198.228.227.72 #3: responding to Quick Mode proposal {msgid:02000000}


title: How to monitor Memory utilization of the single process?

text: How to monitor Memory and CPU usage of the single process by program/executable name(not PID);


title: How to manually uninstall urllib, urllib2, requests python packages?

text: I'm having a problem with urllib, urllib2 and requests, three python libraries. I use Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS and python 2.6.5 (we can use with python) (but I had installed manually, **after** the problem, python 2.5.6 and python 2.7, respectively python2.5, python2.7). Initially my packages worked fine, but in some point, maybe updating the kernel, not sure, nothing works. The strange that is if I run python using root, the commands works fine (please see this question in Stackoverflow), but using the common user don't works. I think the problem is, I had installed this packages using **pip** and **easy_install** with root, not using the common user. Initially I couldnt install with my user, so I tried root and worked, but with the problem above showed in the stackoverflow question. So I would like how to remove, probably manually (looks like or Ubuntu 10.04.04 don't have a way to easy uninstall the packages, using pip and easy_install, or I don't know one), this libraries of my system.


title: How to configure linux to output to monitor

text: I'm currently running a lightweight Debian distro on a development board from Compulab. I have to login to the system via serial port everytime. The system has graphical card and the driver is installed and monitor is detected but the system seems not configured to output via graphical drivers? How do I configure Linux to do that?               root@cm-debian:~# dmesg|grep hdmi     mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.1: register mxc display driver hdmi     mxc_hdmi mxc_hdmi: Detected HDMI controller 0x13:0xa:0xa0:0xc1     mxc_hdmi_soc mxc_hdmi_soc.0: MXC HDMI Audio     asoc: mxc-hdmi-soc <-> imx-hdmi-soc-dai.0 mapping ok       #1: imx-hdmi-soc      when plugin hdmi cable dmesg shows following output               fbcvt: 1920x1080@50: CVT Name - 2.073M9      cat /etc/inttab               # /etc/inittab: init(8) configuration.     # $Id: inittab,v 1.91 2002/01/25 13:35:21 miquels Exp $          # The default runlevel.     id:2:initdefault:          # Boot-time system configuration/initialization script.     # This is run first except when booting in emergency (-b) mode.     si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS          # What to do in single-user mode.     ~~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin          # /etc/init.d executes the S and K scripts upon change     # of runlevel.     #     # Runlevel 0 is halt.     # Runlevel 1 is single-user.     # Runlevels 2-5 are multi-user.     # Runlevel 6 is reboot.          l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0     l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1     l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2     l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3     l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4     l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5     l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6     # Normally not reached, but fallthrough in case of emergency.     z6:6:respawn:/sbin/sulogin          # What to do when CTRL-ALT-DEL is pressed.     ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now          # Action on special keypress (ALT-UpArrow).     #kb::kbrequest:/bin/echo "Keyboard Request--edit /etc/inittab to let this work."          # What to do when the power fails/returns.     pf::powerwait:/etc/init.d/powerfail start     pn::powerfailnow:/etc/init.d/powerfail now     po::powerokwait:/etc/init.d/powerfail stop          # /sbin/getty invocations for the runlevels.     #     # The "id" field MUST be the same as the last     # characters of the device (after "tty").     #     # Format:     #  <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>     #     # Note that on most Debian systems tty7 is used by the X Window System,     # so if you want to add more getty's go ahead but skip tty7 if you run X.     #     1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1     2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2     3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3     4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4     5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5     6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6          # Example how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)     #     #T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100     #T1:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100     T0:23:respawn:/usr/local/bin/getty.sh          # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.     #     #T3:23:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS3


title: Install programs without an internet connection on Debian

text: So I've been battling with my debian install lately, it doesn't have the firmware for either eth0 or wan0 NIC's. However, I got a `firmware.zip` file that I need to extract to `/lib/firmware`. The problem is, since I have no connection from the computer, I can't just apt-get what I want. Here's my question, I don't know a huge amount about the natural dependencies of Linux (Debian specifically), so I need to know a way to get them installed without internet. I can't even unzip this firmware file I have to get internet because as far as I can tell there is no default unzipping program. If I were to download the package and transfer it over on my USB drive, then it wouldn't run, because it needs `libbz2-1.0`, `libc0.1`, `libc6`, `libc6.1`, and `libgcc1`. It also suggests a program called `zip`. `libc6` requires `libc- bin` and recommends `libc6-i686`, and suggests `debconf.libc0.1`. Without being able to unzip anything who knows if I'll even be able to install these things. Do you guys know if there's just a very basic package that will install all these standard packages for me? * * * I'm going to put some of the errors I'm getting now even though I _think_ that I installed the drivers.               ping google.com     ping: unknown host google.com          ping 192.168.10.101     connect: Network is unreachable               dmesg | grep wlan0     [ 5.348890] udev [432] : renamed network interface wlan0 to wlan1               dmesg | grep Broadcom     [ 1.028800] eth0: Broadcom 44xx/47xx 10/100BaseT Ethernet 00:15:c5:b8:79:75     [ 5.127449] b43-phy0: Broadcome 4311 WLAN found (core revision 10)     [ 5.309856] Broadcom 43xx driver loaded [ Features: PMLS, Firmware-ID:FW13 ]               ifup wlan1     Ignoring unknown interface wlan1=wlan1.               ifconfig -a     eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:15:c5:b8:79:75                 BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)               Interrupt:17           lo        Link encap:Local Loopback                 inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0               inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host               UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1               RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:0                RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)          wlan1     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:18:f3:85:99:07                 BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)      This is where I get really confused:               ifconfig wlan1 192.168.10.111     b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "B43/ucode5.fw" not found     b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "B43-open/ucode5.fw" not found     b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to blah blah blah and get the firmware     SIOCSIFFLAGSS: No such file or directory      So despite the fact that my `dmesg` says that the `43xx` driver is loaded, `ifconfig` says it's not. What do I do at this point? I'll post a bit more data in one minute. * * * So I guess I didn't run `firmware-b43-installer_4.150.10.5-4_all.deb`. I just did it by typing this:               dpkg -i firmware-b43-installer_4.150.10.5-4_all.deb     (Reading database ... 14006 files and directories currently installed.)     Preparing to replace firmware-b43-installer 4.150.10.5-4 (using firmware-b43-installer_4.150.10.5-4_all.deb) ...     Unpacking replacement firmware-b43-installer ...     Setting up firmware-b43-installer (4.150.10.5-4) ...     ...      However at this point it tries to access a mirror (http://mirror2.openwrt.org/sources/broadcom-wl-4.150.10.5.tar.bz2). Holy crap is there any way possible to just get files that don't require an internet connection?


title: Get directory that script was called from

text: I have a script doSmth in /usr/bin. Is it possible to print the directory _the script was called from_ is printed out by the script? So If I call _doSmth_ from _/home/me_ the output will be _/home/me_.


title: Comments in argument lists?

text: Some commands, such as `rsync`, take in lists as an argument. Can these files contain unix comments like `#`?


title: What was the paid only period in history of SuSE?

text: Around version 7.0 (? just guessing) SuSE became paid only distribution (i.e. you had to pay to get the copy), after several releases SuSE came back to free + paid model. Now -- the most important to me, **what was the first paid-only version** , and also interesting, **what was the last paid-only version**? _Editors, please do not "fix" the spelling of SuSE, back then it was SuSE not SUSE (not sure about end of paid period though)._


title: What does pressing Alt+Shift+3 do?

text: What does pressing `Alt` \+ `Shift` \+ `3` do? All I can see is that it prints a pound sign and jumps to the next line, but supposedly it's supposed to do something special


title: Running a command when a CD/DVD/BD inserted

text: This seems like a simple question to me, but after two nights of searching and tinkering, I haven't been able to find anything promising. I am running a headless Ubuntu server. I want to be able to stick a DVD or BD in my external drive, and have the server immediately begin ripping it. I read about HAL, but it looks like that's no longer supported, so I didn't investigate very far. It seemed like UDEV was the way to go, but upon experimenting, I found that UDEV doesn't seem to generate events when an optical disk is inserted-- only mounted. So I gave autofs a try, and haven't had much luck with that either. It doesn't mount when I put the disk in, and I get errors on startup complaining about "mountall: Event failed". What's the right way to do this?


title: Switch between two installs of one program

text: I have two copies of `svn` on my machine.   1. `/usr/local/bin/svn`   2. `/opt/subversion/bin` When I run `which svn` it states the first is running how can I switch it to the second?


title: How to find the packages that depend on a certain package in apt?

text: How can I get, not the _dependencies_ of a package, but the packages that are depending _on_ a certain package? I'm on debian 6.0 Squeeze-LTS (the first-time extension to squeeze for long term support!) for my web server, and it reports that support has ended for a certain package:               Unfortunately, it has been necessary to limit security support for some     packages.          The following packages found on this system are affected by this:          * Source:libplrpc-perl, ended on 2014-05-31 at version 0.2020-2       Details: Not supported in squeeze LTS      Affected binary package:      - libplrpc-perl (installed version: 0.2020-2)      I don't really want to try to uninstall that binary package without seeing what depends on it, and it's description describes stuff that I've never heard of before:               libplrpc-perl: Perl extensions for writing PlRPC servers and clients      So I'd be fine with just removing the package if possible, but want to determine the things that depend on it before doing so.


title: removing the first and the last character of every line from command line

text: I am trying to remove the first and the last characters of everyline in a text file and save the resulting truncated version in a new file. Does anyone have an idea about how to do that efficiently using `awk` or other linux programs/commands specifically for large files? ### input.txt               (s,2,4,5,6)     "s,1,5,5,2"     {z,0,4,5,3}     [y,2,4,5,5]     (y,4,4,5,7)     (r,20,4,5,7)     (e,9,4,5,2)      ### Expected output.txt               s,2,4,5,6     s,1,5,5,2     z,0,4,5,3     y,2,4,5,5     y,4,4,5,79     r,20,4,5,7     e,9,4,5,2


title: A player/script which can show Image video and TV

text: I am looking for a script/player which can display Images, Videos, output of a TV, and some sort of ticker (text going from left to right or right to left). All this components should be displayed within one window.


title: chroot segfault

text: I've been trying to create a LXC container (lxc create) but at the end I get these messages:               W: Failure trying to run: chroot /var/cache/lxc/debian/wheezy_armhf.partial mount -t proc proc /proc     W: See /var/cache/lxc/debian/wheezy_armhf.partial/debootstrap/debootstrap.log for details     Failed to download the rootfs, aborting.     Failed to download base system     failed to install system     failed to execute template 'debian'     aborted      I tried to run "chroot /var/cache/lxc/debian/wheezy_armhf.partial" to see what would happen and I get a "Segmentation fault" message. An strace to the previous chroot command, shows the following:               execve("/usr/sbin/chroot", ["chroot", "/var/cache/lxc/debian/wheezy_arm"...], [/* 16 vars */]) = 0     brk(0)                                  = 0x1e000     uname({sys="Linux", node="raspberrypi", ...}) = 0     access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6f6c000     access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = 0     open("/etc/ld.so.preload", O_RDONLY)    = 3     fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=44, ...}) = 0     mmap2(NULL, 44, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb6f6b000     close(3)                                = 0     open("/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so", O_RDONLY) = 3     read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\270\4\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512     lseek(3, 7276, SEEK_SET)                = 7276     read(3, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 1080) = 1080     lseek(3, 7001, SEEK_SET)                = 7001     read(3, "A.\0\0\0aeabi\0\1$\0\0\0\0056\0\6\6\10\1\t\1\n\2\22\4\24\1\25"..., 47) = 47     fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=10170, ...}) = 0     mmap2(NULL, 39740, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb6f3f000     mprotect(0xb6f41000, 28672, PROT_NONE)  = 0     mmap2(0xb6f48000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1) = 0xb6f48000     close(3)                                = 0     munmap(0xb6f6b000, 44)                  = 0     open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY)      = 3     fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=42208, ...}) = 0     mmap2(NULL, 42208, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb6f34000     close(3)                                = 0     access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     open("/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libgcc_s.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3     read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0`\364\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512     lseek(3, 130212, SEEK_SET)              = 130212     read(3, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 1160) = 1160     lseek(3, 129880, SEEK_SET)              = 129880     read(3, "A2\0\0\0aeabi\0\1(\0\0\0\0056\0\6\6\10\1\t\1\n\2\22\4\24\1\25"..., 51) = 51     fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=131372, ...}) = 0     mmap2(NULL, 162704, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb6f0c000     mprotect(0xb6f2c000, 28672, PROT_NONE)  = 0     mmap2(0xb6f33000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1f) = 0xb6f33000     close(3)                                = 0     access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     open("/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3     read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\214y\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512     lseek(3, 1194784, SEEK_SET)             = 1194784     read(3, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 1360) = 1360     lseek(3, 1194348, SEEK_SET)             = 1194348     read(3, "A.\0\0\0aeabi\0\1$\0\0\0\0056\0\6\6\10\1\t\1\n\2\22\4\24\1\25"..., 47) = 47     fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1196144, ...}) = 0     mmap2(NULL, 1238312, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb6ddd000     mprotect(0xb6eff000, 28672, PROT_NONE)  = 0     mmap2(0xb6f06000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x121) = 0xb6f06000     mmap2(0xb6f09000, 9512, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6f09000     close(3)                                = 0     mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6f6b000     set_tls(0xb6f6b4c0, 0xb6f6bb98, 0xb6f6f048, 0xb6f6b4c0, 0xb6f6f048) = 0     mprotect(0xb6f06000, 8192, PROT_READ)   = 0     mprotect(0x16000, 4096, PROT_READ)      = 0     mprotect(0xb6f6e000, 4096, PROT_READ)   = 0     munmap(0xb6f34000, 42208)               = 0     brk(0)                                  = 0x1e000     brk(0x3f000)                            = 0x3f000     open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3     fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1534656, ...}) = 0     mmap2(NULL, 1534656, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb6c66000     close(3)                                = 0     chroot("/var/cache/lxc/debian/wheezy_armhf.partial") = 0     chdir("/")                              = 0     execve("/bin/bash", ["/bin/bash", "-i"], [/* 16 vars */]) = 0     --- SIGSEGV (Segmentation fault) @ 0 (0) ---     +++ killed by SIGSEGV +++     Segmentation fault      Anyone knows what might be causing this problem? PS: debootstrap log file here.


title: In FTP, can I specify a remote directory using `~username` syntax?

text: I know the ftp username, password, and directory of the source. I just want to download the whole thing to a new server. Simple download. The username is not root. So I wonder how I would specify the directory name? Should I give the `/home/username/public_html` or should I give it as `~username/public_html`


title: Efficient in-place header removing for large files using sed?

text: The commands below may takes minutes depends on the file size. Is there any more effient method?               sed -i 1d large_file


title: cyrus impad and recursive 'INBOX' directories

text: I am using cyrus imapd on Fedora The mailbox of a user is presenting a deep tree of nested INBOXes:               user.foo     user.foo.Apple Mail To Do     user.foo.Archives     user.foo.Archives.2011     user.foo.Deleted Messages     user.foo.Drafts     user.foo.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     user.foo.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.INBOX.Deleted Messages     [...]      If I delete the folder and reconstruct the mailbox the folders are re-created               /usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/reconstruct -r -f user.foo      all other users are OK Any hint on why this structure is created?


title: After screen Reattaching, previous bash broken

text: After I reattach screen session :               screen -DR already_attached_session      My previous terminal is broken with broken bash:               [remote power detached]          Warning: Program '/bin/bash' crashed.      I can not recover it with `Ctrl`+`C`, `Ctrl`+`Z`, `Ctrl`+`D`. Any idea what goes wrong and how can I avoid it ? (reattach properly)


title: screen : automatic creating or reattaching sessions in different configurations

text: What's clean way to achieve, following functionality:               function screen_create_or_reuse(){     if [ running_screen_session "$1" ]; then         reattach_screen_session screen_name_"$1"     else         create_screen_session "$1" screen_config_"$1" screen_name_"$1"     fi     }      Currently, I have to worry if session is already runnning (`screen -ls` or `screen -wipe`). Depending on it, if it's not running: create session with custom configuration and name manually (`screen -c config -S name`) and than reattach manually. I'd like one command `screen_create_or_reuse name` which handles all those details. I thought about creating bash script which detects presense of session etc., but I see screen has already a lot of options, maybe I would do overkill. What's clean way of achieving above, with screen ?


title: Delete files and directories by their names. No such file or directory

text: I need to delete all compiled data:   * directories called `build`,   * directories called `obj`,   * *.so files. I wrote a command               find \( -name build -o -name obj -o -name *.so \) -exec rm -rf {} \;      that goes through all the directories recursively and deletes all I need. Why do I have such an output at the end? Maybe I should write a different command.               find: `./3/obj': No such file or directory     find: `./3/build': No such file or directory     find: `./1/obj': No such file or directory     find: `./1/build': No such file or directory     find: `./2/obj': No such file or directory     find: `./2/build': No such file or directory


title: Debian live-build mounting /home

text: I have a working liveboot usb, with persistence. It has two partitions, one being the actual os, the other containing an image file that is the persistence. The desired result is a live usb with one partition, and in the root of that partition is an image that is mounted read only to `/home`. This is so I can easily swap out configs in `/home/user`, without having to run `lb build` each time, and then `dd` it to each flash drive. I've spent a bit of time trying to get it working with persistence, but there are two problems. Firstly, when booting, live debian seems to not check for a persistence file in the root of the live medium. Furthermore, I can't get it to do persistence read only. I had been trying with the persistent-read-only boot flag. Couldn't find much documentation on it, but it's mentioned here. Does not work, however. At this point, I'm pretty sure persistence is not the correct way to go, and the better option would be some kind of boot script to mount an image to /home. This is theoretically simple enough, as the root of the medium is always at `/lib/live/mount/medium`, but I'm unsure of the correct way to go about actually mounting an image. The two options as I see them are:   * a boot script      * If I were to try to use init.d, it needs you to run update-rc.d, which I can't do here     * silly option would be to put a script in /etc/skel/.bashrc or whatever, and have it rm everything in /home and then mount the image, but that's a wee bit horrifying.     * Live-Build startup scripts are only mentioned here , which is extremely outdated, and obviously useless. This looks to have been replaced by boot hooks, but I don't have `/lib/live/config/` to examine, and I'm going to wait on a suggestion for the proper method before attempting to follow up on this   * fstab      * Unsure if using fstab to mount an image to /home would happen before or after live debian creates a new user from /etc/skel, as trying to mount to a populated directory isn't going to work. So either how do I get a boot script to run in a not horrifying way, or would just copying the fstab from a running live version, modifying it to have an image, and putting that in `config/includes.chroot/ect/fstab` work? UPDATE: So I tried using `fstab`, and it was mounted read only, and then I couldn't login on the gui portion of the system as it couldn't lock `.Xauthority`. Unsure how to proceed, I think it will be learning how the live system can pretend to accept changes, and then not write them and do that. Unsure how to do that or word the query, however.


title: is there an equivalent to "snoop -a" on linux?

text: Sun's snoop command provides the -a option so you can "listen" to packets on your audio device. Do any linux packet sniffing tools provide equivalent functionality?


title: What filesystem should be used when transfering files between Linux systems?

text: I often need to move files between two Linux computers via USB. I use `gparted` to format the USBs. When I formatted the USB to use FAT32, the USB was unable to copy symlinks, so I had to recreate the symlinks on the other computer after copying the files. When I formatted the USB to use EXT3, I created a `lost+found` directory on the USB, and prevented me from copying files to the USB unless I became root.   * Is there a preferred file system to use when transfering files between two Linux computers?   * How can I copy files without running into the problems presented by the FAT32 and EXT3 filesystems?


title: How do I get LibreOffice to run on Ubuntu 11.10?

text: Recently I upgraded to Ubuntu 11.10 and I have had three problems, screen flickering in some of my games, Banshee freezing, and LibreOffice which wont even load (I know it's a cheap shot to include so many problems in one post, but if you have a solution it is much appreciated). Unfortunately no handy dandy error messages showed up so I debugged it from the terminal and got the following:               edmund@edmund-VGC-LT25E:~$ libreoffice --debug          (soffice:2329): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",          (soffice:2329): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",          (soffice:2329): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",          (soffice:2329): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery     page 2: illegal page type or format     PANIC: Invalid argument     /home/edmund/.libreoffice/3/user/uno_packages/cache/uno_packages.db: pgin failed for page 2     PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery      LibreOffice did end up running from the terminal if that is any help. I used a rather unorthodox method of backup when I upgraded to 11.10, which entailed copying the home folder to windows and the merging it back into Ubuntu. I tried to uninstall and reinstall several times with no success.


title: What exactly would happen if this command were run?

text: A simple curiosity... assuming running as root what would the following command do?               # mv / /dev/null Would it be a faster death than `rm -rf` from the root of the tree?


title: Why does my Pandaboard boot partition need to be vfat, and the rootfs need to be ext3 or ext4?

text: While booting Android on a Pandaboard, I am partitioning the SD card into two partitions, boot and root. They contain different filesystems. Why does the boot partition need to be vfat, while the rootfs needs to be ext3 or ext4?


title: How to disable caps-lock, without remapping or disabling it?

text: I have an X11 program that grabs caps-lock, and uses it. The problem is, I want to disable the regular caps-lock toggling, but doing so seems to disable the key. So whatever X11 gets for a caps-lock keypress, it must still get (no disabling the key, or remapping it to some other key), but without anything translating the keypress into a caps-toggle (which might be at the kernel level?). I tried changing the scancode, but this just remapped the key. I've removed the capslock entry with `xmodmap` too, but this also disabled caps. How can I tell the kernel to ignore the caps-key (wrt its regular functionality), but still pass along the message to X? Just to add a bit more detail: The 'program' I'm trying to run is humanised 'enso'. When there is no key I get the error "CRITICAL:root:Couldn't find quasimode key". When there is no error, I can use enso with caps, but sofar haven't figured out how to disable caps functionality while enso is still able to get at it.


title: Why does my USB wireless network adapter disconnect every few seconds?

text: I don't have experience with drivers and other things. After installing Linux Mint 11 on my machine (I did a dist-upgrade), everything seemed to be great -- I didn't need to install any drivers. After a while I realized that my connection would stop after a few minutes (it shows that I'm connected but I'm not), so I need to reconnect. After a few minutes, it disconnects again. I'm using an Alfa USB wireless adapter AWS036H. I think the driver I'm using is Realtek * * * These are some outputs of a few things people usually ask for. Note: I'm NOT using a laptop. ### dmsg               [19445.604448] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=2.174.220.77 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=104 ID=10466 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=55150 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19448.164050] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=41982 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.33 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=7566 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]      [19465.079565] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=80.128.216.31 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=5100 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=50169 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19486.270328] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=90.130.13.122 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=109 ID=22207 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19497.480522] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 by local choice (reason=3)     [19497.593276] cfg80211: All devices are disconnected, going to restore regulatory settings     [19497.593282] cfg80211: Restoring regulatory settings     [19497.593346] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain     [19497.638740] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2412 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638745] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638749] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2417 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638753] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638756] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2422 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638760] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638763] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2427 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638766] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638770] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2432 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638773] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638776] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2437 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638780] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638783] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2442 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638787] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638790] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2447 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638794] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638797] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2452 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638801] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638804] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2457 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638807] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638811] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2462 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638814] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638817] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2467 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638821] cfg80211: 2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638824] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2472 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638828] cfg80211: 2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638831] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2484 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [19497.638835] cfg80211: 2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638838] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:     [19497.638841] cfg80211:     (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)     [19497.638845] cfg80211:     (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638848] cfg80211:     (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638852] cfg80211:     (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638855] cfg80211:     (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19497.638859] cfg80211:     (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [19513.145150] wlan0: authenticate with 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 (try 1)     [19513.146910] wlan0: authenticated     [19513.252775] wlan0: associate with 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 (try 1)     [19513.255149] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=2)     [19513.255154] wlan0: associated     [19515.675091] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=91.79.8.40 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x20 TTL=110 ID=42720 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=1945 DPT=6881 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19525.684312] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=78.13.80.169 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=109 ID=49890 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=53401 DPT=6881 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19551.856766] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=85.228.39.93 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=103 ID=1162 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19564.623005] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=90.202.21.238 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=114 ID=17881 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19584.855364] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=2.49.151.87 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=117 ID=31716 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19604.688647] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=109.225.124.155 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=112 ID=6656 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19626.362529] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=81.184.50.41 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=114 ID=23241 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=1416 DPT=6881 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19645.040906] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=92.250.245.244 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=0 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=50061 DPT=6881 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19665.212659] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=87.183.3.18 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=111 ID=1689 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=62817 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19685.036415] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=78.13.80.169 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=109 ID=50638 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=49624 DPT=6881 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19705.487915] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=217.122.17.82 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=112 ID=19070 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=54795 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19726.779185] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=80.88.116.239 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=109 ID=32168 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57330 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19744.755673] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=109.124.5.43 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=2288 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=6475 DPT=6881 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19764.449183] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=79.216.35.19 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=4281 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19784.456189] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=81.82.25.149 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=114 ID=1866 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=59507 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19804.836687] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=81.56.199.3 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=108 ID=14749 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19824.812685] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=186.28.7.159 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=107 ID=44686 PROTO=UDP SPT=23418 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19847.683314] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=78.13.80.169 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=108 ID=63046 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=52192 DPT=6881 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19884.711455] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=84.146.24.238 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=27914 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19884.983589] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=2.107.130.61 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=112 ID=7742 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19905.681078] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=95.21.11.121 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=114 ID=31775 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19926.035707] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=109.76.132.55 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=28140 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=51905 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19945.668326] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=188.92.0.197 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=7865 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [19967.200339] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=83.252.102.172 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=105 ID=28408 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=63505 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [19999.752732] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=79.166.171.200 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=110 ID=36405 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [20007.928719] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=79.235.59.16 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=112 ID=46415 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=4537 DPT=6881 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20026.181726] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=81.182.169.36 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=106 ID=25126 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [20048.845358] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=87.66.118.104 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=111 ID=18068 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=49928 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20064.341857] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=77.2.63.153 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=107 ID=7242 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [20090.093490] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=93.16.17.210 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=108 ID=894 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [20104.443995] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=89.83.235.99 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=114 ID=17295 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=58979 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20128.625374] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=81.62.91.79 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=107 ID=21793 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=51446 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20151.055506] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=84.135.217.213 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=112 ID=32452 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=55136 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20164.618874] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=91.79.8.40 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x20 TTL=110 ID=47784 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=2422 DPT=6881 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20184.337745] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=83.252.212.71 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=107 ID=14544 PROTO=UDP SPT=6881 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [20205.007512] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=91.62.158.247 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=110 ID=21562 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=3933 DPT=6881 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20225.204018] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=84.146.24.238 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=15045 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=49630 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20244.842290] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=82.82.190.168 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=112 ID=23741 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=50766 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20266.701649] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=88.153.108.124 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x02 PREC=0x00 TTL=111 ID=206 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=2451 DPT=6881 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20286.305414] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=78.240.86.73 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=107 ID=325 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=65184 DPT=6881 WINDOW=8192 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [    20294.293989] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=43133 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.33 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=56899 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]      [20294.297015] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=43134 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.40 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=12080 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]      [20294.297242] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=43135 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.33 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=25195 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]      [20295.478338] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 by local choice (reason=3)     [20295.552735] cfg80211: All devices are disconnected, going to restore regulatory settings     [20295.552742] cfg80211: Restoring regulatory settings     [20295.552748] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain     [20295.680635] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2412 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680641] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680644] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2417 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680648] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680652] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2422 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680655] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680658] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2427 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680662] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680665] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2432 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680669] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680672] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2437 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680676] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680679] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2442 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680683] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680687] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2447 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680690] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680693] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2452 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680697] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680700] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2457 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680704] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680708] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2462 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680711] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680715] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2467 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680718] cfg80211: 2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680722] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2472 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680725] cfg80211: 2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680728] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2484 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule:     [20295.680732] cfg80211: 2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @  KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680736] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:     [20295.680738] cfg80211:     (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)     [20295.680742] cfg80211:     (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680745] cfg80211:     (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680749] cfg80211:     (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680752] cfg80211:     (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20295.680756] cfg80211:     (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)     [20306.009341] wlan0: authenticate with 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 (try 1)     [20306.011225] wlan0: authenticated     [20306.118095] wlan0: associate with 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 (try 1)     [20306.120963] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:24:c8:4b:46:e0 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=2)     [20306.120967] wlan0: associated     [20307.364427] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=87.91.101.130 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=49 ID=36839 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=62492 DPT=6881 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0      [20310.914290] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=43180 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.33 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=56900 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]      [20310.936634] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=43181 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.40 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=12081 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]      [20310.939017] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=43182 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.33 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=25196 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]      [20325.941050] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=217.118.78.99 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=48 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=113 ID=4407 PROTO=UDP SPT=2970 DPT=6881 LEN=28      [20328.801724] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC=00:c0:ca:44:62:d1:00:24:c8:4b:46:e0:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.254 DST=192.168.1.6 LEN=56 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=43196 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=0 [SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=91.189.88.33 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=56901 DF PROTO=TCP INCOMPLETE [8 bytes] ]       ### inxi -N               Network:   Card-1 Realtek RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller driver r8169                Card-2 Realtek RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ driver 8139too      ### /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintWifi/mintWifi.py                -------------------------     * I. scanning WIFI PCI devices...     -------------------------     * II. querying ndiswrapper...     -------------------------     * III. querying iwconfig...     lo        no wireless extensions.          eth0      no wireless extensions.          eth1      no wireless extensions.          wlan0     IEEE 802.11bg  ESSID:"Home"                 Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point: 00:24:C8:4B:46:E0                  Bit Rate=54 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm                  Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off               Power Management:off               Link Quality=68/70  Signal level=-42 dBm                 Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0               Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:1132   Missed beacon:0          -------------------------     * IV. querying ifconfig...     eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1f:d0:c9:b8:8e                 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)               Interrupt:43 Base address:0x4000           eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0e:2e:77:88:16                 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)               Interrupt:19 Base address:0xd000           lo        Link encap:Local Loopback                 inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0               inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host               UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1               RX packets:10696 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:10696 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:0                RX bytes:3823011 (3.8 MB)  TX bytes:3823011 (3.8 MB)          wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:c0:ca:44:62:d1                 inet addr:192.168.1.6  Bcast:255.255.255.255  Mask:255.255.255.0               inet6 addr: fe80::2c0:caff:fe44:62d1/64 Scope:Link               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:90424 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:65201 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:98024465 (98.0 MB)  TX bytes:10345450 (10.3 MB)          -------------------------     * V. querying DHCP...      ### lspci               00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82G33/G31/P35/P31 Express DRAM Controller (rev 10)     00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82G33/G31/P35/P31 Express PCI Express Root Port (rev 10)     00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01)     00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01)     00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 01)     00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01)     00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01)     00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01)     00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01)     00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01)     00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1)     00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01)     00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family SATA IDE Controller (rev 01)     00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family SMBus Controller (rev 01)     01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation G96 [GeForce 9400 GT] (rev a1)     03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 02)     04:01.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)      ### lsmod               Module                  Size  Used by     ipt_REJECT             12512  1      ipt_LOG                12784  5      xt_limit               12541  7      xt_tcpudp              12531  8      ipt_addrtype           12535  4      xt_state               12514  7      ip6table_filter        12711  1      ip6_tables             22545  1 ip6table_filter     nf_nat_irc             12542  0      nf_conntrack_irc       13138  1 nf_nat_irc     nf_nat_ftp             12548  0      nf_nat                 24827  2 nf_nat_irc,nf_nat_ftp     nf_conntrack_ipv4      19024  9 nf_nat     nf_defrag_ipv4         12649  1 nf_conntrack_ipv4     nf_conntrack_ftp       13106  1 nf_nat_ftp     nf_conntrack           69744  7 xt_state,nf_nat_irc,nf_conntrack_irc,nf_nat_ftp,nf_nat,nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ftp     iptable_filter         12706  1      i    p_tables              18125  1 iptable_filter     x_tables               21907  10 ipt_REJECT,ipt_LOG,xt_limit,xt_tcpudp,ipt_addrtype,xt_state,ip6table_filter,ip6_tables,iptable_filter,ip_tables     nls_utf8               12493  10      udf                    83795  1      crc_itu_t              12627  1 udf     usb_storage            43946  1      uas                    17676  0      snd_seq_dummy          12686  0      cryptd                 19801  0      aes_i586               16956  1      aes_generic            38023  1 aes_i586     binfmt_misc            13213  1      dm_crypt               22463  0      vesafb                 13449  1      nvidia               9766978  44      arc4                   12473  2      rtl8187                56206  0      mac80211              257001  1 rtl8187     cfg80211              156212  2 rtl8187,mac80211     ppdev                  12849  0      snd_hda_codec_realtek   255882  1      parport_pc             32111  1      psmouse                73312  0      eeprom_93cx6           12653  1 rtl8187     snd_hda_intel          24113  5      snd_hda_codec          90901  2 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel     snd_hwdep              13274  1 snd_hda_codec     snd_pcm                80042  3 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec     snd_seq_midi           13132  0      snd_rawmidi            25269  1 snd_seq_midi     snd_seq_midi_event     14475  1 snd_seq_midi     snd_seq                51291  3 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event     snd_timer              28659  2 snd_pcm,snd_seq     snd_seq_device         14110  4 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq     joydev                 17322  0      snd                    55295  18 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device     serio_raw              12990  0      soundcore              12600  1 snd     snd_page_alloc         14073  2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm     lp                     13349  0      parport                36746  3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp     usbhid                 41704  0      hid                    77084  1 usbhid     dm_raid45              88410  0      xor                    21860  1 dm_raid45     btrfs                 527388  0      zlib_deflate           26594  1 btrfs     libcrc32c              12543  1 btrfs     8139too                23208  0      8139cp                 22497  0      r8169                  42534  0      floppy                 60032  0


title: Why are block sizes limited by page size in Linux?

text: In many (all?) file systems that Linux uses, including ext2/3/4, the maximum block size is the page size of the architecture Linux is running on, ie. 4KiB on x86. Why is there this limit? Might this limit ever be removed?


title: Why not just use standard streams instead of using filenames?

text: While I understand that programs like `mv` need an actual filename as a parameter, programs like `sort` could **_just_** read from standard input _and_ write to standard output like `names | sort > names` instead of using a filename and providing options like `-o`: `sort names -o names`. So what are the reasons behind this?


title: DD and Free Space

text: I have a partition (/dev/sda1) of 10 GB. Also have "dd" file of another 7 GB partition ( /dev/sdb1). When I execute the command as: > dd if=sdb1.dd of=/dev/sda1 then everything goes fine but I can not use remaining 3 GB space of /dev/sda1 Is there any way to tell DD to utilize remaining free space ( 3 GB in this case ) ?


title: How to Add Extra Disks on KVM based VM

text: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/iLyIQ.png)I installed Redhat 6.4 on KVM Server. Right Now there is only One Disk /dev/vda. Now I need to add extra Disk like /dev/vdb I tried adding New Volume but it is not showing when I do **fdisk -l** How to add extra Volumes to existing running VMs


title: How to add Debian Universe in etc/apt/sources.list?

text: In /etc/apt/sources.list I added `universe` to `deb http://http.debian.net/debian wheezy main contrib non-free universe` When I did `aptitude update` the log complained about: > W: Failed to fetch http://http.debian.net/debian/dists/wheezy/Release: > Unable to find expected entry 'universe/binary-i386/Packages' in Release > file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file) Should I care about the error? Have I added Debian Universe correctly?


title: Arch Install wpa_supplicant from live arch to installed arch

text: I have arch installed on my hd, but I can't establish a WPA2-encrypted network connection because wpa_supplicant is not installed. On my arch live-usb there is wpa_supplicant and there I can establish the network connection. Is there any way to tell pacman of my live arch to install the wpa_supllicant package to my installed arch on /mnt ?


title: server is going to hung state

text: We are using a Linux server which is hanging. From the log files we found the following error.               Sep 30 21:15:41 hdfcdb kernel: [drm:i915_hangcheck_elapsed] *ERROR* Hangcheck timer elapsed... GPU hung     Sep 30 21:15:41 hdfcdb kernel: [drm] capturing error event; look for more information in /debug/dri/0/i915_error_state     Sep 30 21:15:41 hdfcdb kernel: [drm:i915_wait_request] *ERROR* i915_wait_request returns -11 (awaiting 4006 at 4003, next 4007)     Sep 30 21:15:49 hdfcdb kernel: [drm:i915_hangcheck_elapsed] *ERROR* Hangcheck timer elapsed... GPU hung     Sep 30 21:15:49 hdfcdb kernel: [drm:i915_wait_request] *ERROR* i915_wait_request returns -11 (awaiting 4226 at 4221, next 4227)     Sep 30 21:16:42 hdfcdb kernel: [drm:i915_hangcheck_elapsed] *ERROR* Hangcheck timer elapsed... GPU hung     Sep 30 21:16:42 hdfcdb kernel: [drm:i915_wait_request] *ERROR* i915_wait_request returns -11 (awaiting 8469 at 8464, next 8470)     Sep 30 21:16:48 hdfcdb kernel: [drm:i915_hangcheck_elapsed] *ERROR* Hangcheck timer elapsed... GPU hung      How can we resolve this issue? OS version:               [root@hdfcdb ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release     Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago)      Kernel version:               [root@hdfcdb ~]# uname -a     Linux hdfcdb.hdfcsldm.com 2.6.39-200.24.1.el6uek.x86_64 #1 SMP Sat Jun 23 02:39:07 EDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


title: How to move files in sftp server?

text: How can I move a file in sftp server on a different directory? I connect to this server using sftp and then try to move a file using               mv myfile.csv /my/dir/myfile.csv      but this generates an error. How to to do this?


title: How to Create Symlink Dynamically for Dynamically Created File in a Folder

text: I create a file based on time or something like that for stylesheet. It is fingerprinting filename to avoiding cached version on web browser. Example file name: `style_1374065326.css`. I want to create a symlink for any newly created file in another folder. Is it possible? If not, is it possible to create a folder `CSS/` in another folder where I want to create symlinks and that folder have symlinks for all the similar file names in another directory where files can come dynamically.?


title: Fix fonts through ssh

text: There seems to be some problems with the font size when connecting remotely to another Xserver using ssh. I am using manjaro linux and awesomewm. As far as I understand, the local font settings are being controled by `lxappearance` as the changes in the settings done there affect my system. However, when I open a remote X window using a command like               ssh -t -Y remotepc '/home/me/.local/sources/eclipse/eclipse'      I seems that the fonts are being rendered by the remote computer, making very uncomfortable different sizes among my windows. As seen on the next snapshot, on the left size I have proper font sizes (locally) whereas on the right side fonts are huge (remotely). ![example](http://i.stack.imgur.com/GNDLr.png) Does anyone have a clue on how can I render the remote fonts locally? UPDATE: The problem seems to be a bit different than I thought. If I run `gnome-settings-daemon` a set of applications change towards normal font size (for instance Eclipse) and another set transforms to tiny sizes (what seems to be controlled by lxappearance), as seen in the next two snapshots. Any suggestion? using gnome-settings-daemon: ![using gnome-settings-daemon](http://i.stack.imgur.com/rZUZQ.png) without gnome-settings-daemon ![without gnome-settings-daemon](http://i.stack.imgur.com/XOoGI.png)


title: Shortcuts for sakura

text: How can I configure shortcuts for a sakura terminal? I know about the question Configuring shortcuts for Sakura but since I am quite a newbie I did not success. * * * In the end I would like to have   * copy: `super`+`c`   * paste: `super`+`v`   * cut: `super`+`x`   * new terminal: `super`+`t`   * fullscreen: `super`+`f` * * * If I try to reproduce Mat's answer > According to xmodmap, my `Alt_L` key is modifier one. `MOD1_MASK is 1<<3`, > i.e. 8. So if I want `Alt``t` to open a new tab, I need this in my > configuration: >   >   >     add_tab_accelerator=8 >     add_tab_key=t >   it results in the shortcut `shift``alt``t` instead of `alt``t`. Can anyone help? * * * In case it is hepfull, here is what `xmodmap` gives:               xmodmap:  up to 4 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses):          shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)     lock        Caps_Lock (0x42)     control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_R (0x69)     mod1        Alt_L (0x40),  Alt_R (0x6c),  Meta_L (0xcd)     mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d)     mod3           mod4        Super_L (0x85),  Super_R (0x86),  Super_L (0xce),  Hyper_L (0xcf)     mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)


title: counting multiple patterns in a single pass with grep?

text: I've written a grep loop to iteratively count DNA trinucleotides within a gzipped DNA fasta file containing DNA sequences e.g.               declare -a tri=(AAA AAC AAG AAT CAA .. etc)          for i in ${tri[@]}     do        gzip -cd gencode.v18.pc_transcripts.fa.gz | grep -v "^>" | grep -o $i | wc -l     done      Where the fasta file is in this format (though much much bigger)               head test.fa     >id1     TTTTTAAAAA     >id2     GGGGGCCCCC     etc..      Whilst this works (i.e. counts occurrences of each trinucleotide) it is to my mind quite inefficient as it has to pass through the data 64 times (once for each possible trinucleotide). My question is how using `bash` or `grep` is there a way I can count each trinucleotide in a single pass through the file (as the files are quite large)? thx


title: How to pull dependencies for package/testing from testing

text: Trying to install a newer version of libav-tools from testing to my otherwise debian-stable installation. I have testing in my sources.list and my preferences look like:               Package: *     Pin: release a=stable     Pin-Priority: 995          Package: *     Pin: release a=testing     Pin-Priority: 101      If I understand the wiki correctly, `apt-get install pkg/testing` will install `pkg` from `testing` but won't pull upgrades to satisfy dependencies, whereas `apt-get -t testing install pkg/testing` should. However... Output of `apt-get -t testing install libav-tools`:               Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     libav-tools is already the newest version.     0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.      Output of `apt-get install libav-tools/testing`:               Selected version '6:9.10-2' (Debian:testing [i386]) for 'libav-tools'     Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have     requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable     distribution that some required packages have not yet been created     or been moved out of Incoming.     The following information may help to resolve the situation:          The following packages have unmet dependencies:      libav-tools : Depends: libavcodec54 (>= 6:9.1-1) but it is not going to be installed or                             libavcodec-extra-54 (>= 6:9.10) but it is not going to be installed                   ... *truncated*     E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.      Output of `apt-get -t testing install libav-tools/testing` is the same. So, it seems that the `-t` switch, on it's own, is not finding the newest package version, whereas `/testing` is breaking from the deps. Can someone tell me if this is user error or a bug?


title: App which can execute arbitrary code on different events

text: I've been looking for a simple _activator_ which can execute some code when _stuff_ happens, I haven't found anything yet. Maybe, I am not using the right keywords. It would be great if someone pointed me to the right app. These are the things I am looking for, in the activator:   * An event should be able to trigger an arbitrary chunk of code   * An event can be      * a datetime, or a datetime match expression. (time: '16:00', day: 'monday' or day: 'monday', month: 'jan' etc,.)     * a message on a socket?     * anything written out to a device like /dev/*     * a file creation, maybe in a special directory If there is nothing which does this, would someone be interested in something like this? A very basic configuration(written in ruby) for this would be:               trigger_when({:day => 6, :time => '10:30'}, {:message => 'Awesome message'}) # :day => 6 for sunday     trigger_when({:day => 0, :time => '10:30'}) do       puts 'awesome stuff happens'     end      I have created a repo github hoping to create something like this , but it would be great if there is an existing app which does this. There is an android app which seems to do almost the exact thing http://tasker.dinglisch.net/. I am looking for something which does it on a desktop.


title: Discovering EMC PowerPath LUNs and creating partitions on Solaris

text: I have to work with EMC PowerPath disks/LUNs. I find them in the `/dev/dsk/` directory under names such as `emcpower0a`, `emcpower0b`, …, `emcpower0z`, `emcpower1a`, … Here are my points of confusion:   * Inside of `/dev/dsk/`, it will the show disks `emcpower##[a-z]` regularly, but when it gets to 'p' (`emcpower#p`), it includes `emcpower#p0`, `emcpower#p1`, …, `emcpower#p4`. Why is it showing me partitions for these and not any others?   * When I try to create partitions on a disk, I do this: `format emcpower0a`; then I go into partition, modify, and assign a size for each of the available slices. I then type `quit`, type `save` at the `format >` prompt, and `exit`. Yet, after that, where do I find these slices?


title: Battery monitor for LXDE in Arch Linux

text: I have Arch Linux plus LXDE installed in my laptop. I want to know the status of the battery level. I tried to install `batterymon`, but got too many errors that I couldn't decipher. Is there any other way to monitor the battery level?


title: How to split each page of a djvu file?

text: In a djvu file, it has two book pages in one djvu page. I would like to split it so that one book page per djvu page. For example,![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/UqWAX.jpg) I was wondering if this can be done by some software, preferably command line utilities? Thanks and regards! PS: This is a file that can be used for test.


title: CIFS mount fails when read is interrupted

text: I have a functioning CIFS mount from CentOS 6.4, 2.6.32-358.18.1.el6.x86_64, to a Windows file server. If I hit `Ctrl``c` while doing some IO intensive (like `fgrep -r`), then the mount (and all other mounts to the same file server) becomes unusable until I either reboot or forcibly unmount and remount. I'm pretty sure that the problem is as reported here: http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-cifs/msg07576.html What I don't know, and don't know how to figure out, is whether the fix will ever work its way into CentOS 6.4. From what I can tell, the corresponding source code on centOS is in `fs/cifs/transport.c`, line 492. And indeed, building the cifs kernel module with "--server->sequence_number;" before that line does seem to solve the problem for me.


title: Advantages of using distribution-specific configuration files over generic start-up scripts?

text: For example in case of Debian, one can specify network configuration in distribution-specific configuration file _/etc/network/interfaces_ or one could use generic Sys-V scripts where network configuration can be specified with generic tools like `ip` and `ifconfig`. I would prefer latter option as I don't need to learn the structure and syntax of the distribution-specific configuration file. However, are there any advantages of using distribution- specific configuration files over start-up scripts?