title: Installing CVS on Scientific Linux

text: I'm interested in installing CVS on Scientific Linux. I'm new to Linux and I need to input the command: "cvs co X" My terminal states that what I have typed is an "invalid command," so I'm assuming that the problem is that I do not have CVS installed. After a lot of googling, I downloaded cvs-1.11.23, where the HTTP download link is provided here. I see that below the download link, there is a section written "Installation of CVS." I'm new to Linux, so I have little idea of the meaning behind these commands it says to type in, but I decide anyway to copy and paste them into terminal and see if they work. (Naturally) just punching in:               ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/cvs-1.11.23 &&     make      results in the following error message: > "./configure: no such file or directory". Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? I'll admit I have very little comprehension of what this configure command is or how I should be using it. Again my goal is simply installing CVS so that I can use the command "cvs co X".


title: XFCE - Send window to other monitor on keystroke

text: I am running Xubuntu 11.10 with a dual monitor setup. I am looking to create a keystroke (maybe `CTRL + ALT + SPACE` which will allow me send a selected window to the next monitor. In GNOME there is a package called `swapmonitor` which is capable of sending the window to the other monitor. Calling this program with a keystroke achieves the same effect. How is this done in XFCE/Xubuntu. RRS


title: Unexpected token on bash file backtrack5 r2

text: When I log in, appears the following error: `-bash: /etc/profile: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token ('` Inside the file there is the next code: `n# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))\n` `# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).\n\nif` `[ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then\nfor i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do\nif [ -r $i ];` `then\n. $i\nfi\ndone\nunset i\nfi\n\nif [ "$PS1" ]; then\nif [ "$BASH" ];` `then\nPS1=u@h:w$ \nif [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ];` `then\n.` `/etc/bash.bashrc\nfi\nelse\nif [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ];` `then\nPS1=# \nelse\nPS1=$ \nfi\nfi\nfi\n\numask` `022\nPT5HOME=/opt/pt\nexport PT5HOME` I've searched around on internet but I didn't find something understandable or that matches with my problem (I think), how could fix this, it seems not to trouble anything with the computer, but I'd like to know what it's going on.


title: How to configure swap space after system instalation?

text: I've installed Debian Wheezy and after installation completed, I realized that I forgot to set the swap memory. So now, how can I configure the swap space?


title: Some M4 macros don't seem to be defined

text: I am trying reinstall pacman on my Arch Linux distribution. When I run the configure script "configure.ac", I get a bunch of undefined macros:               error: possibly undefined macro: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE.     If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow.     See the autoconf documentation.     error: possibly undefined macro: AC_PROG_LIBTOOL     error: possibly undefined macro: AM_GNU_GETTEXT      error: possibly undefined macro: AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION     error: possibly undefined macro: AM_CONDITIONAL      Does anyone know what would cause these macros to be undefined? Having come from Ubuntu (where everything just works, and is therefore boring), I don't really know about automake.


title: Bootloader fails to load linux kernel

text: I upgraded linux kernel from 2.6.32 to 3.0.7 but now bootloader isn't able to load the kernel image. Specifically, boot procedure freezes after:               Starting kernel ...      Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.      The reason was that bootloader _(U-Boot)_ wasn't properly configured, which was confirmed by the fact that between kernel 2.6.x and kernel 3.0.x the serial ports have been renamed from ttySx to ttyOx. The next step was to edit an _uEnv.txt_ , stored on boot partition, in order to get read during the boot procedure. _uEnv.txt:_               mpurate=1000     dvimode="hd720 omapfb.vram=0:8M,1:4M,2:4M"     vram=16M     optargs="consoleblank=0"     console="tty0 console=ttyO2,115200n8"      Boot procedure fails with:                Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.5.0 (Jun 14 2011 - 22:04:07)                         Beagle xM                                                                         Reading boot sector                                                               Loading u-boot.bin from mmc                            U-Boot 2011.03-rc1-00000-g9a3cc57-dirty (Apr 01 2011 - 17:41:42)          OMAP36XX/37XX-GP ES2.1, CPU-OPP2, L3-165MHz, Max CPU Clock 1 Ghz     OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND     I2C:   ready     DRAM:  512 MiB     NAND:  0 MiB                                                                         MMC:   OMAP SD/MMC: 0                                                                *** Warning - readenv() failed, using default environment                                 In:    serial                                                                        Out:   serial                                                                        Err:   serial                                                                        Beagle xM Rev C                                                                      No EEPROM on expansion board                                                         Die ID #7ba200029ff800000168300f0802900e                                             Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0                                                     The user button is currently NOT pressed.                                            SD/MMC found on device 0                                                             reading uEnv.txt                                                                          135 bytes read                                                                       Loaded environment from uEnv.txt                                                     Importing environment from mmc ...                                                   Loading file "/boot/uImage" from mmc device 0:2 (xxa2)                               2495320 bytes read                                                                   Booting fromage at 80200000 ...                                                         Image Name:   Linux-3.0.7                                                            Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)                                  Data Size:    2495256 Bytes = 2.4 MiB                                                Load Address: 80008000                                                               Entry Point:  80008000                                                               Verifying Checksum ... OK                                                            Loading Kernel Image ... OK                                                       OK                                                                                Starting kernel ...                                                                       Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.                                     Linux version 3.0.7 (root@beagleboard) (gcc version 4.3.3 (GCC) ) #1 PREEMPT Sa4     CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc082] revision 2 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7f                      CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache                    Machine: OMAP3 Beagle Board                                                          Reserving 16777216 bytes SDRAM for VRAM                                              Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback                                    OMAP3630 ES1.2 (l2cache iva sgx neon isp 192mhz_clk )                                SRAM: Mapped pa 0x40200000 to va 0xfe400000 size: 0x10000                            Clocking rate (Crystal/Core/MPU): 26.0/332/600 MHz                                   Reprogramming SDRC clock to 332000000 Hz                                             Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 125952           omapdss.def_disp=dvi root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext3 rootwait                PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)                                  Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)                      Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)                       Memory: 496MB = 496MB total                                                          Memory: 498048k/498048k available, 26240k reserved, 0K highmem                       Virtual kernel memory layout:                                                            vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)                                        fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)                                        DMA     : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (   2 MB)                                        vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xf8000000   ( 376 MB)                                        lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xe0000000   ( 512 MB)                                        modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)                                          .init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0029000   ( 132 kB)                                          .text : 0xc0029000 - 0xc04b46c8   (4654 kB)                                          .data : 0xc04b6000 - 0xc04efec0   ( 232 kB)                                           .bss : 0xc04efee4 - 0xc05311a4   ( 261 kB)                                    Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.                                         NR_IRQS:410                                                                          IRQ: Found an INTC at 0xfa200000 (revision 4.0) with 96 interrupts                   Total of 96 interrupts on 1 active controller                                        omap_hwmod: gpt12_fck: missing clockdomain for gpt12_fck.                            OMAP clockevent source: GPTIMER12 at 32768 Hz                                        sched_clock: 32 bits at 32kHz, resolution 30517ns, wraps every 131071999ms           Console: colour dummy device 80x30                                                   console [tty0] enabled                                                               Calibrating delay loop... 331.40 BogoMIPS (lpj=1296384)                              pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301                                                 Mount-cache hash table entries: 512                                                  CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok                                              devtmpfs: initialized                                                                omap_hwmod: _populate_mpu_rt_base found no _mpu_rt_va for l4_core                    omap_hwmod: _populate_mpu_rt_base found no _mpu_rt_va for l4_per                     omap_hwmod: _populate_mpu_rt_base found no _mpu_rt_va for l4_wkup                    omap_hwmod: i2c1: softreset failed (waited 10000 usec)                               omap_hwmod: i2c2: softreset failed (waited 10000 usec)                               omap_hwmod: i2c3: softreset failed (waited 10000 usec)                               print_constraints: dummy:                                                            GPMC revision 5.0                                                                    omap_device: omap_gpio.0: new worst case activate latency 0: 30517                   OMAP GPIO hardware version 2.5                                                       OMAP GPIO hardware version 2.5                                                       OMAP GPIO hardware version 2.5                                                       OMAP GPIO hardware version 2.5                                                       OMAP GPIO hardware version 2.5                                                       OMAP GPIO hardware version 2.5                                                       omap_mux_init: Add partition: #1: core, flags: 0                                     OMAP3 Beagle Rev: unknown 2                                                          Unable to get DVI reset GPIO                                                         hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.                                   ------------[ cut here ]------------                                                 WARNING: at arch/arm/mach-omap2/clock.c:455 omap2_clk_switch_mpurate_at_boot+0x)     clock: dpll1_ck: unable to set MPU rate to 1000: -22                                 [<c0032ee0>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xec) from [<c00519d8>] (warn_slowpath_commo)     [<c00519d8>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x48/0x60) from [<c0051a84>] (warn_slowpath_)     [<c0051a84>] (warn_slowpath_fmt+0x30/0x40) from [<c000f8f4>] (omap2_clk_switch_)     [<c000f8f4>] (omap2_clk_switch_mpurate_at_boot+0x80/0xb4) from [<c000f934>] (om)     [<c000f934>] (omap3xxx_clk_arch_init+0xc/0x3c) from [<c0008370>] (do_one_initca)     [<c0008370>] (do_one_initcall+0x94/0x15c) from [<c00084e0>] (kernel_init+0x74/0)     [<c00084e0>] (kernel_init+0x74/0x11c) from [<c002f35c>] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0)     ---[ end trace 1b75b31a2719ed1c ]---                                                 OMAP DMA hardware revision 5.0                                                       bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0                                                        SCSI subsystem initialized                                                           omap_device: omap_i2c.1: new worst case activate latency 0: 30517                    omap_i2c omap_i2c.1: bus 1 rev4.0 at 2600 kHz                                        twl4030: PIH (irq 7) chaining IRQs 368..375                                          twl4030: power (irq 373) chaining IRQs 376..383                                      twl4030: gpio (irq 368) chaining IRQs 384..401                                       print_constraints: VMMC1: 1850 <--> 3150 mV at 3000 mV normal standby                print_constraints: VDAC: 1800 mV normal standby                                      print_constraints: VDVI: 1800 mV normal standby                                      print_constraints: VSIM: 1800 <--> 3000 mV at 1800 mV normal standby                 omap_i2c omap_i2c.3: bus 3 rev4.0 at 100 kHz                                         Switching to clocksource 32k_counter                                                 NTFS driver 2.1.30 [Flags: R/W].                                                     Btrfs loaded                                                                         GFS2 installed                                                                       Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 254)                 io scheduler noop registered                                                         io scheduler deadline registered                                                     io scheduler cfq registered (default)                                                OMAP DSS rev 2.0                                                                     Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled                              omap_uart.0: ttyO0 at MMIO 0x4806a000 (irq = 72) is a OMAP UART0                     omap_uart.1: ttyO1 at MMIO 0x4806c000 (irq = 73) is a OMAP UART1                     omap_uart.2: ttyO2 at MMIO 0x49020000 (irq = 74) is a OMAP UART2                     console [ttyO2] enabled                                                              omap_uart.3: ttyO3 at MMIO 0x49042000 (irq = 80) is a OMAP UART3                     SCSI Media Changer driver v0.25                                                      mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice                                      input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0                         input: twl4030_pwrbutton as /devices/platform/omap/omap_i2c.1/i2c-1/1-0049/twl41     i2c /dev entries driver                                                              lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 252                             IR NEC protocol handler initialized                                                  IR RC5(x) protocol handler initialized                                               IR RC6 protocol handler initialized                                                  IR JVC protocol handler initialized                                                  IR Sony protocol handler initialized                                                 IR RC5 (streamzap) protocol handler initialized                                      IR LIRC bridge handler initialized                                                   Linux video capture interface: v2.00                                                 i2c-core: driver [msp3400] using legacy suspend method                               i2c-core: driver [msp3400] using legacy resume method                                vivi-000: V4L2 device registered as video0                                           Video Technology Magazine Virtual Video Capture Board ver 0.8.0 successfully lo.     vpfe_init                                                                            VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant c rev 3              ThumbEE CPU extension supported.                                                     omap_voltage_late_init: Unable to create voltage debugfs main dir                    vdd_debugfs_init: Unable to create debugfs directory for vdd_mpu                     vdd_debugfs_init: Unable to create debugfs directory for vdd_core                    sr_init: No PMIC hook to init smartreflex                                            smartreflex smartreflex.0: omap_sr_probe: SmartReflex driver initialized             smartreflex: probe of smartreflex.0 failed with error -22                            smartreflex smartreflex.1: omap_sr_probe: SmartReflex driver initialized             smartreflex: probe of smartreflex.1 failed with error -22                            sr_init: platform driver register failed for SR                                      clock: disabling unused clocks to save power                                         omapfb omapfb: no driver for display                                                 omapfb omapfb: failed to setup omapfb                                                regulator_init_complete: VDVI: incomplete constraints, leaving on                    regulator_init_complete: VDAC: incomplete constraints, leaving on                    regulator_init_complete: VMMC1: incomplete constraints, leaving on                   omap_vout omap_vout: probed for an unknown device                                    Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...       _The system that I 'm referring to, is a remote computer (BeagleBoard-xM) and the access is via serial cable._ _**My question is:_**   * As far as I know, `/dev/ttyO2` represents `/dev/console` which is the _system administrator console_ , but how these interact with the boot procedure? In other words, the edit from `console=ttyS2` to `console=ttyO2`, affect the boot procedure or is just for enabling remote human interaction via a terminal emulator? Finally, what is the reason of booting failure? Is _uEnv.txt_ correct?


title: Running a Wine application from other user in openSUSE

text: diuban@linux-gnwf:~> gnomesu -u diub wine /home/diub/ed.exe     wine: cannot find L"Z:\\home\\diub\\ed.exe"     diuban@linux-gnwf:~> No protocol specified     No protocol specified     Application tried to create a window, but no driver could be loaded.     Make sure that your X server is running and that $DISPLAY is set correctly.     err:systray:initialize_systray Could not create tray window      How to get X server running so that is OK? openSUSE 12.3 Gnome 3.6


title: How to rescale several images to same size

text: I have several image files in a directory. These images are similar size and have same background color. How can I make all images same size by adding background like this attached image? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Lv87U.png)


title: Fedora 17 service menus actions menus don't work

text: I'm using Fedora 17. Back when I was using Fedora 8, I would go into /home/el/.kde/share/apps/konqueror/servicemenus and make my whatever.desktop file and it would show up in the actions menu. But now the whatever.desktop file there has no effect on konqueror. The konquerer service menus are not working. The konqueror services menu folder is missing. How do I get the Actions menu to populate with one of the .desktop scripts to work with Fedora 17?


title: How to only output lines that are younger than 3 months?

text: cat a.txt     1387111124 ./asfjlasdf.txt     1348681215 ./akdfyxcv.txt      So I need this:               cat a.txt | SOMEMAGIC     1387111124 ./asfjlasdf.txt      The output should only have the lines that are younger than 3 months. How can I achieve this? (the first column is always the unix date, the second is some string without spaces)


title: After install Centos 6.3 from USB, it doesn't boot

text: I installed CentOS on my machine from my USB. I did a minimal CentOS USB drive with UNetbootin. After I install the CentOS, when i try to reboot, it does not starts. I have only the cursor blinking on a black screen. Note: If I install the boot loader on flash drive, the system starts correctly when the USB drive is plugged in. But if I install the boot loader on HDD, I can't boot. Can anybody help me on solving this issue? * * * **EDIT 1** After I installed the boot loader on USB drive, I can log in (even if I unplug the flash drive after grub menu, I can load in). Here is explained what I did after I did this: I ran: > grub-install /dev/sda outputs (show only last lines):               (hd1)  /dev/sda     (hd0)  /dev/sdb      this is the content of /boot/grub/device.map file. Now if I run `reboot` without the flash drive plugged in, I get this message: > failed to read image > > press any key to enter the menu


title: How to pass string (not file) to openssl?

text: I want to encrypt a bunch of strings using openssl. How do I pass plaintext in console to openssl (instead of specifying input file which has plaintext). openssl man page has only these two options related to input/output:               -in <file>     input file     -out <file>    output file      Here is what I have tried so far: This works fine,               openssl aes-256-cbc -a -K 00000000000000000000000000000000 -iv 00000000000000000000000000000000 -in plain.txt -out encrypted.txt      If I omit the -out parameter I get encrypted string in console,               openssl aes-256-cbc -a -K 00000000000000000000000000000000 -iv 00000000000000000000000000000000 -in plain.txt      But If I omit both -in and -out, I get an error - unknown option 'Encrypt ME',               openssl aes-256-cbc -a -K 00000000000000000000000000000000 -iv 00000000000000000000000000000000 "Encrypt ME"


title: How to log out of su and another user

text: So when I am logged in as a standard user in an ssh session and then su to root, how can I log out of both accounts with a single command? Rather than:               root@host:/exit     user@host:/exit      something like:               root@host:/magicallyLogEveryoneOut -bladow


title: What is Linux for SET FILE/ERASE_ON_DELETE?

text: In VMS one may tell the file system to write junk over the existing contents of a file when it is deleted. Here is the DCL command to identify the file for this kind of treatment:                $ SET FILE/ERASE_ON_DELETE SAMPLE.TXT      This allows the policy to be set at one point in time then later users of the file do not have to handle that detail of security. A standard delete which takes the file name out of the directory and frees the space for another file to use will also modify the existing contents to prevent the next user from reading it. The normal delete:               $ DELETE SAMPLE.TXT.*      What is Linux for this?


title: Why is ntpd listening on most of 192.168.1.X/192.168.2.X

text: I'm using the `ntp` package in debian squeeze and the ntpd process is listening on hundreds of rfc1918 addresses that are not configured on the server. Check this out: > Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14701]: ntpd 4.2.6p2@1.2194-o Sun Oct 17 > 13:45:13 UTC 2010 (1)   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: proto: precision = 0.986 usec   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen and drop on 0 v4wildcard 0.0.0.0 > UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen and drop on 1 v6wildcard :: UDP > 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 2 lo 127.0.0.1 UDP > 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 3 eth0 > 66.xxx.xxx.xxx UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 4 eth0 192.168.1.1 > UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 5 eth0 192.168.1.2 > UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 6 eth0 192.168.1.3 > UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 7 eth0 192.168.1.4 > UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 8 eth0 192.168.1.5 > UDP 123   >  ...   >  ...   >  ...   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 499 eth0 > 192.168.2.240 UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 500 eth0 > 192.168.2.241 UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 501 eth0 > 192.168.2.242 UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 502 eth0 > 192.168.2.243 UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 503 eth0 > 192.168.2.244 UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 504 tun0 10.13.37.1 > UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 505 tun1 10.13.42.2 > UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 506 lo ::1 UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 507 eth0 > 2600:xxxx::xxxx UDP 123   >  Mar 26 10:07:24 server ntpd[14702]: Listen normally on 508 eth0 fe80::xxxx > UDP 123 My configuration file: > driftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift   >  statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats   >  filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable   >  filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable   >  filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable   >  server 0.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst   >  server 1.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst   >  server 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst   >  server 3.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst   >  restrict -4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery   >  restrict -6 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery   >  restrict 127.0.0.1   >  restrict ::1 `ifconfig eth0`: > eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr f2:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx   >  inet addr:66.xxx.xxx.xxx Bcast:66.xxx.xxx.xxx Mask:255.255.255.0   >  inet6 addr: 2600:xxxx::xxxx/64 Scope:Global   >  inet6 addr: fe80::xxxx/64 Scope:Link   >  UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1   >  RX packets:69898198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0   >  TX packets:55539406 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0   >  collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000   >  RX bytes:25263193357 (23.5 GiB) TX bytes:41787470527 (38.9 GiB)   >  Interrupt:76 Any ideas why?


title: Configure MC and aptitude color schemes

text: I'm using Ubuntu, and I'm having trouble reading text in MC and Aptitude because of the color scheme. Is there any way to change it?


title: How to check will my computer is going to reboot(or shutting down)?

text: When I send a reboot command(or shutdown) command to a Linux machine does it keeps that messages at somewhere and can I query it. I.e. I will send a reboot command and after that I will run another command to check will my computer at reboot(or shutdown) mode(because it will not reboot immediately it will take some time to reboot and I will check it)? **EDIT** Server sends one of that commands to client(my server and client coded at Java ) If I ping after I send i.e. shutdown command, maybe machine will shutdown but still alive(it will shutdown maybe after 2 seconds later.) If I can query my client did it received a shutdown(or reboot) command even it is still alive I will accept that OK it will shutdown(or reboot) If I can not get an answer to my query to client it means that it is not alive, so I will accept that it is shutted(or rebooting). How can I query my machine like that?


title: What prevents a machine from responding to pings?

text: I have a `CentOS release 5.4` linux box on Amazon EC2 that I'm trying to set up to be monitored via Nagios. The machine is in the same security group as the nagios server, but it seems to be unresponsive to pings or NRPE checks, although apparently port 22 is open. The CentOS box can ping itself using it's internal IP address, and it can ping the Nagios server, but the server can not ping the CentOS box. I know the CentOS box is using `iptables`, here are the contents of the `/etc/sysconfig/iptables` file (some ips changed for security):               # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on May 16 11:28:45 2012     *filter     :INPUT DROP [0:0]     :FORWARD DROP [0:0]     :OUTPUT ACCEPT [56:6601]     -A INPUT -s 149.15.0.0/255.255.0.0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -s 72.14.1.153 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -s 184.119.28.174 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 5666 -j ACCEPT     COMMIT     # Completed on May 16 11:28:45 2012      The part that really gets me is that even after I do `/etc/init.d/iptables stop`:               Flushing firewall rules:                                   [  OK  ]     Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter                    [  OK  ]     Unloading iptables modules:                                [  OK  ]      I am still unable to ping the box or do NRPE checks on it. What else could be preventing `ping` or other connections? I'm not sure what else to try. Here is a list of processes found with `sudo ps -A`:               aio/0     atd     bash     cqueue/0     crond     dbus-daemon     dhclient     events/0     hald     hald-runner     init     kauditd     kblockd/0     khelper     khubd     kjournald     kmirrord     kmpathd/0     kpsmoused     kseriod     ksoftirqd/0     kswapd0     kthread     master     migration/0     mingetty     nscd     pdflush     pickup     qmgr     sshd     su     syslog-ng     udevd     watchdog/0     xenbus     xenwatch     xinetd


title: Linux editor with VMS EDT like direction mode

text: VMS editor EDT allows one to use the keypad to control most of ones editing commands. One of the rather nice features is that the direction of operation can be set to "up" or "down". This then effects commands like "move to next character" and "move to start of line". Another feature is that there are "character", "word" and "line" buffers that one can cut, copy and paste to/from. I am looking for a Linux editor that has these features? This is not a request for an EDT editor for Linux. I am "willing" to learn a new editor if it has these features.


title: Automate checking user submitted files

text: Since last few days, I'm facing some problem. It's about response to 100 users. Situation goes like this. On one end there are 100 user, each user has unique ID. User is supposed to submit one file to server/mail. At receivers end, someone has to check whether submitted file is in particular format or not. I want to automate to this process, starting from server/mailbox where some script should download submitted file, check it and store result in some output file. Can we setup some server on unix machine?can we use some mailbox to which people can send files in the form of an email? Please suggest some solution.


title: SOCKS proxy configuration on KDE 4.4.5 / Debian 6.0.5

text: I've been trying to use a SOCKS Proxy which I have been using with success from an Ubuntu 11.4 box with GNOME on my Debian box with KDE.The socks server is bound to the local port 1080 through the following ssh command:               ssh -p222 -D 1080 <my_username>@socks_server_domain_name      Following the advice I found here: http://emilsedgh.info/blog/index.php?/archives/14-SOCKS-proxy-on-KDE.html I edited my ~/.kde/share/config/kioslaverc file and now it looks like this:               jason@debian-laptop:~$ cat ~/.kde/share/config/kioslaverc     PersistentProxyConnection=true          [$Version]     socksProxy=socks://localhost:1080     update_info=kioslave.upd:kde2.2/r1,kioslave.upd:kde2.2/r2,kioslave.upd:kde2.2/r3      However, once I use System Settings->Network Settings->Proxy, I click on "Manually specify the proxy settings", but the dialog won't let me hit "apply" without prompting me to fill in information in the "setup" dialog: ![screenshot](http://i.stack.imgur.com/sOepv.png) which is not helpful at all, because there is no "SOCKS" protocol option in the "setup" dialog. I'd also like to add that, when switching to GNOME in the same box, I am able to run the SOCKS proxy by specifying "localhost" and "1080" in System->Preferences->Network Proxy, in exact the same way I did it in my Ubuntu box.


title: Locate postion then make a change using sed

text: This script uses sed to change all "" to "new stuff". How would one change just the "" after the yyy: using sed or anything else?               cat >sample.txt <<EOF     xxx:     ""     yyy:     ""     }     EOF     sed --expression='s/""/"new stuff"/' sample.txt


title: Migration from loop-aes to cryptsetup

text: I've upgraded my linux installation to kernel 2.6.38-2 (Debian testing). With the new kernel, loop-aes does not compile, so I cannot mount my encrypted volumes. I heared that it is possible to use some compatibility mode of cryptsetup to mount encrypted volumes of loop-aes, so my question is: How can I do that? I have been searching for hours with Google and couldn't find anything that worked. With loop-aes, I was mounting partitions with the following entry in /etc/fstab: /dev/sdb2 /mount/data ext4 user,noauto,loop,encryption=aes256 0 0 How would the cryptsetup command line look like? I would prefer an fstab entry, if possible, but a command line would do as well. I'm fairly desperate! Cheers, Thomas.


title: Why does `bash -c somecommand` sometimes not leave a bash process?

text: On an Ubuntu 12.04, with GNU bash, version 4.2.25(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux- gnu), I tried the following command:               $ bash -c 'pstree -s $$'     init───sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───pstree     $ bash -c 'pstree -s $$;echo'     init───sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───bash───pstree      I think the second one is as my expectation: the first `bash` is where I executed these commands; the second `bash` is what I started with `bash -c ...`; and then the second bash will start a subprocess called `pstree`. However, I'm wondering what happened with the first one. Why the second `bash` disappeared and the `pstree` became a subprocess of the original `bash`? And why the answer for the previous question doesn't apply to the second `bash -c ...`?


title: How to change the target directory for tab completion?

text: I found a short script to enable note-taking on onethingwell, which includes this:               function n { nano ~/n/$1.txt }      I'd like to extend it to do tab completion, so that if I want to edit the pre- existing note 'foobar' (~/n/foobar.txt) I can type `foo[TAB]` and have it automatically complete to `foobar`, rather than having to type in 'foobar' every time. The problem is that bash's built-in tab completion seems to be centered around the current directory, so if I'm in a folder that isn't ~/n, then my tab completion fails -- or, worse, completes to the wrong thing, since perhaps I have a file named 'footastic' in ~/snafu/ (meaning I type `$ n foo[TAB]`, and instead of seeing `$ n foobar`, I look at my input and see: `$ n footastic`. So, after all that preamble, here's the question: if it's possible, how can I tell bash that after I type 'n', for _just this once_ I want it to assume that we're completing using the files in ~/n for completion, rather than using the files in the current directory? If you understood all that e-mumbling, congratulations, and if you can _answer_ that, thank you very much!


title: shebang and path

text: Why does a shebang need a path? **Wrong**               #!ruby      **Correct**               #!/usr/local/bin/ruby          #!/usr/bin/env ruby      The operating system should have the information regarding the path for a registered command, and why does it still expect it to be given?


title: Bash: Convert Multi-line output to Single line

text: I am getting a multi-line output as follows: Actual Output:               GenuineIntel,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2687W 0 @ 3.10GHz,CPU0,64,EM64T Family 6 Model 45 Stepping 7,(null),3093,0     GenuineIntel,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2687W 0 @ 3.10GHz,CPU1,64,EM64T Family 6 Model 45 Stepping 7,(null),3093,0      In Bash script, I need to convert above output to a single line, with values in one column delimited by `#` symbol, and two columns separated by a comma. Expected Output:               GenuineIntel#GenuineIntel,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2687W 0 @ 3.10GHz#Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2687W 0 @ 3.10GHz,CPU0#CPU1 and so on.      How to do that?


title: How to give Root privileges for User in Centos 6.2 minimal

text: I installed Centos 6.2 minimal x86_64 server in Virtual Machine Manager. After installed I created Username in the server. And I added the User into a wheel group.                   # useradd testuser         # passwd testuser              # usermod -aG wheel testuser      Now my problem is, I want to give the root privileges to the User which I created. Some websites given that edit the sudoers file. But sudoers file is not under the /etc folder. Where is the Sudoers file in Centos 6.2 & How to give the Root privileges to the User.


title: What audit log files are created in linux to track a users activities?

text: One of the machines on our networks was consuming a large amount of Internet bandwidth. However no user was using the system. When I connected to the server using SSH and ran `who` it showed that a user is logged in from the an IP that I didn't recognize. I didn't create this user on the system. And in `/etc/sudoers` the user had unlimited root access:               test11   ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL      I terminated the session and changed the root password. I also deleted the user. Now I'm probably safe but need to analyze why this happened and also what activities were done by user. How do I find out more information about what was done by this user? What system log files could help me get more info about IP, duration, commands run, internet sites accessed, etc? Note: this is a default install of a CentOS 6 system. I have not installed any security or auditing software. Nor did I change any system configuration. I need to know what I can extract out of a default install.


title: Buildroot ignoring configuration files - building wrong kernel

text: I'm using Buildroot to create a Linux system for the NXP LPC3250 microcontroller. There are patches to the vanilla kernel to make it compatible with the LPC3250 controller: http://git.lpclinux.com/ I would like to build Kernel 2.6.39.2, but my Buildroot system always makes a 2.6.34 kernel! I have set the GIT repository to point to 2.6.39.2: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/wgZPZ.png) You can see that I've specified a Defconfig for the system I'm building for: `ea3250` I've edited my ea3250 defconfig as well: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/w7n0d.png) After doing a `make clean all` to clean everything and rebuild the system, looking inside the output kernel image shows it is still building 2.6.34: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/dCsGY.png) What am I doing wrong? Is there another menu I need to configure to get it to build 2.6.39.2?


title: Find X.org pointer grab owner

text: I have an application that seems to have grabbed the mouse (I can move it but can't click anywhere), is there a way to find which app owns the X.org mouse grab? The shortcut given here to release the mouse didn't seem to work, so I'm interested in something that could give me more information.


title: Can the UNIX command tree display only directories matching a pattern?

text: I'm trying to figure out if there is a way to get the UNIX command `tree` to display only directories that match a specific pattern.               % tree -d tstdir -P '*qm*' -L 1     tstdir     |-- d1     |-- d2     |-- qm1     |-- qm2     `-- qm3          5 directories      The **man page** shows this bit about the switch. > -P pattern List only those files that match the wild-card pattern. Note: you > must use the -a option to also consider those files beginning with a dot `.' > for matching. Valid wildcard operators are`*' (any zero or more characters), > `?' (any single character),`[...]' (any single character listed between > brackets (optional - (dash) for character range may be used: ex: [A-Z]), and > `[^...]' (any single character not listed in brackets) and`|' sepa‐ rates > alternate patterns. I'm assuming that the bit about **...List only those files...** is the issue. Am I correct in my interpretation that this switch will only pattern match on files and **NOT** directories?


title: How do I write a sed one-liner to add a character after every third character?

text: So, I have a string that looks like this:               AUGGCCAUGGCGCCCAGAACUGAGAUCAAUAGUACCCGUAUUAACGGGUGA      And I want to split the string into 3-character chunks delimited by a '+' sign.               AUG+GCC+AUG+GCG+CCC+AGA+ACU+GAG+AUC+AAU+AGU+ACC+CGU+AUU+AAC+GGG+UGA      And I want to do that with my good friend `sed`. I tried               cat codons | sed -r 's/([A-Z]\{3\})/\1\+/g'      ...with no success. What `sed` command can I use?


title: Compare three file and print the highest value

text: I have three files. All of them having only one column.               File1      M     0     M     A          File2      A     0     M     A          File3     M     0     A     A      compare each row in the three files, i.e, for first row (M,A,M) hence the maximum occurrence is M. The in the output file should contain M in the first row. likewise for other rows in the three files               Output file     M     0     M     A      can anybody tell the awk script for this....


title: Need help interpreting sendmail maillog response

text: I'm new using sendmail. I have sendmail set up to only transfer mail sent to "mydomain.com" to each user's personal email though none of the users are actual users of the system. I get a lot of traffic attempts showing up in /var/log/maillog from things like "309f451f1@mydomain.com" where mydomain.com is my domain. I believe that's 'backscatter'. Since there is no user by that name, it gets flagged as "User unknown" and is silently dropped and nothing happens, as far as I know. However, what bothers me the most, is every so often I get this:               Apr 11 04:21:15 www sm-mta[79055]: STARTTLS=client, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., version=     TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128     Apr 11 04:21:15 www sm-mta[79055]: STARTTLS=client, relay=alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., ver     sion=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128     Apr 11 04:21:17 www sm-mta[79055]: STARTTLS=client, relay=alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., ver     sion=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128     Apr 11 04:21:19 www sm-mta[79055]: STARTTLS=client, relay=alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., ver     sion=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128     Apr 11 04:21:20 www sm-mta[79055]: STARTTLS=client, relay=alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., ver     sion=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128     Apr 11 04:21:21 www sm-mta[79055]: s3B8TxnY078957: to=<patrick@mydomain.com>, delay=00:51     :20, xdelay=00:00:06, mailer=esmtp, pri=211323, relay=alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [173.194     .70.27], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: 421-4.7.0 [107.XXX.XX.XXX 15] Our system has detected a     n unusual rate of      Where patrick@mydomain.com is a real user but Patrick never gets any mail with that message in it either in his mailbox or spam mail and that last system message gets cut off like that but with our IP address of 107.etc. Googling around, that message is usually an indicator that Google is complaining about either a high rate of mail or receiving a lot of spam and, possibly, they are blocking that mail box. I once saw one message saying it would be "rate limited" but that was a week ago. However, he is receiving all his mail without issue so I'm at a loss as to what is actually happening. Perhaps I'm misinterpreting that and the message is actually being returned to the sender? I'm very concerned about getting his email address, or the site IP, blocked or blacklisted.


title: Get log from kernel while loading

text: There is a arm/omap2-based device without ethernet, UART ports. It has usb connection with host, numeric keyaboard, LCD display. There is working U-Boot and kernel images for this. I'm trying to made some little changes in linux kernel and deploy but there is some problem while kernel is loading and I can't receive any information while kernel is loading. May somebody suggest, what steps are needed to receive this information.


title: what does the dash `-` before `bash` on 'command not found' errors mean?

text: When you enter an invalid command at a bash prompt you get the message               -bash: {command}: command not found      What does the `-` at the very beginning signify?


title: The libblkid library: what is the 'blkid_superblocks_get_name' function for?

text: I'm trying to use the `libblkid` library to analyze various filesystems on a block device from a C/C++ program, and it works well. However I'm confused with the **blkid_superblocks_get_name** function from this library. The function assigns some `name`, but name of what? Also, what is the meaning of the first (input) argument `idx`? That kind of functions used to have the first argument of type `blkid_probe`.


title: Enabling IP forwarding at kernel compile time

text: I am compiling a kernel for a router. I know a way to enable IP forwarding in an existing Linux system. At compile time, `CONFIG_IP_FORWARD` is said to do the same task. I am configuring version 3.12.14 of the vanilla kernel using the GTK-based kernel configuration tool (`gconfig`). However, I can't see this option anywhere. Is there an alternate configuration option in recent kernels or am I missing something?


title: sed query for pattern matching

text: My file looks like `cat new`:               ALL          ALLOFTHEM    ALL1     OPS     BE2A    OPS1           ABE    ABE     ABE1      sed query below gives me the result as 1st line `sed -n '/\\([A-Z]\\{1,\\}\\)\1/p' new`:               ALL          ALLOFTHEM    ALL1      I guessed that 2nd line would also match as OPS is also a character length more than 1. Any ideas?


title: Compare two file and return a true or false value

text: I have two files with one column. If the first rows in the two files are same the print 1 otherwise print 0. `file1`:               M     A     A     M      `file2`:               M     M     A     A      `output`:               1     0     1     0      Can anybody tell me the awk script?


title: Commands inside bash not being interpreted?

text: I'm trying to execute a command inside a bash script, **$(pwd)** is not being interpreted at all, and not even using eval. This do not work:               cat apache-vhost.conf | sed 's/{path}/$(pwd)/g'      Neither does this:               eval cat apache-vhost.conf | sed 's/{path}/$(pwd)/g'      How can this be solved?


title: link count of deleted files

text: I am reading in `man lsof` that               +L enables the listing of file link counts. A specification of     the form "+L1" will select open files that have been unlinked.      I don't understand why deleted files should have count `1`. Should not the count for deleted files be `0` ?


title: How to inject data at the beginning of a child process's stdin?

text: TL;DR How can I fix this command line template, which fails when cat (on the client side) contends with ssh prompting for a password?               { echo some stuff; cat; } | ssh SERVER cat     { echo some stuff; cat; } | ssh SERVER ls      I'm not asking about creating public/private keys. I don't want to consume stdin in advance, since the remote command might be something which ignores its stdin (in which case, forcing the user to type ^D is a pain). I don't want the user to have to specify an option to the template to indicate whether or not the remote command will read its stdin. I want the template to work regardless of whether or not the remote command reads its stdin. * * * Details: I want to write client- and server-side wrappers for a command being run remotely via ssh. The command in question can be any command of the user's choosing. The purpose of the wrappers is to set up the environment of the command. The client-side wrapper needs to send a small amount of data to the server-side wrapper, but I don't want to send that data on the command line (I want to send it on stdin). Here's an example of how this might be called:               $ wrapper1 HOST wrapper2 sh -c "cat >file"     This data is sent to the remote side     ^D      Wrapper1 computes some data, passes it to wrapper2, which sets up the environment before execing sh. Cat reads from stdin and writes into file on the remote side. To accomplish this, I want the client-side wrapper to inject some data at the beginning of the stdin stream that is sent to the server-side wrapper. That extra data will be consumed from stdin by the server-side wrapper before the real command is run. After the injected data has been sent and consumed, I want the stdin pipeline to the remote command to be as it would have been without this data injection. The remote command may or may not bother to read anything from its stdin -- that depends on the particular command being run. Since the command being run is not known in advance, and it's not known in advance if it needs to read anything from stdin, I don't want the client-side to consume its entire stdin before calling the remote command. Here are even more details of what I'm trying to do: I want to write wrapper1 around "ssh HOST wrapper2 CMD", where CMD is not known in advance (assume it does not require a tty, but it may or may not read stdin). Wrapper1 will send some extra data to the remote side to be read by wrapper2 before wrapper2 execs CMD. I want wrapper1 to be more or less transparent; it should work just like ssh works, except for sending the extra data and running wrapper2 as the remote command to read the extra data before execing CMD. If the remote CMD reads stdin, I want it to get the contents of wrapper1's stdin, just as if "ssh HOST CMD" were run. I have coded this by having wrapper1 create a child process which writes the extra data to stdout followed by execing cat to copy stdin to stdout. Wrapper1 pipes the output of the child process into the stdin of the ssh command. However, this approach fails when ssh prompts for a password, since both cat and ssh are contending for input from the keyboard (when CMD is running interactively). If I insert a sleep before the child's cat, it will work, but obviously that is not optimal. Because I don't know if CMD reads stdin at all, I cannot consume all of stdin before execing ssh in order to avoid the conflict. In any case, it is suboptimal to read all of stdin under many scenarios (such as when it is very large, or it needs to be consumed incrementally). Is there any way of doing what I want? Right now all that I can think of is an option to wrapper1 which gives the choice of either:   1. Consume your entire stdin and send it to the remote side, or   2. Redirect stdin from /dev/null. But, it would be better to avoid making the user choose one of the two options and allow the data from stdin to be read incrementally as it normally would be without the wrappers.


title: Intelligently switch between multiple BASH processes

text: Say you're in a directory and you want to check something in another directory, so you type `bash` to spawn a new shell so you can `cd` and check that thing and then type `exit` to get out and go back to the original shell still in that old directory. Is there any way to keep both bashes running and switch between the two, sort of like Ctrl+Z + `fg`/`bg`?


title: how to use rsync (using password-less ssh), with sudo just on the local side?

text: This command works fine for me with password-less ssh:               rsync -aqve ssh ${user}@${remote_host}:/etc/bind /tmp/etc/bind      Since I would like to rsync directly to my own local /etc/bind with root permissions, I tried:               sudo rsync -aqve ssh ${user}@${remote_host}:/etc/bind /etc/bind      But now, I get a password prompt (this is bad). **How do I fix this line to copy directly to my local /etc/bind without a password prompt?**


title: Connecting one network interface to the Internet disconnects the other interface

text: We have got an HP-UX server, but whenever I got connected to that machine using the ethernet cable I got disconnected from internet although my laptop has 2 nw interfaces. One wired one wireless. Why? How can I solve this?


title: Calling speaker-test from usermode-helper API

text: I needed to call come audio-producing applications from kernel in a toy module. In order to test that, I thought of calling `speaker-test` from a simpler module, but no sound would ever come from it. I am using the usermode- helper API. Any ideas? Here is my code:               static int test( void )     {        char *argv[] = { "/usr/bin/speaker-test", NULL };        static char *envp[] = {        "HOME=/",        "TERM=xterm",        "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin", NULL };             return call_usermodehelper( argv[0], argv, envp, UMH_WAIT_PROC );     }          int init_module(void)     {        printk(KERN_INFO "module test init call\n");             test();             return 0;     }          void cleanup_module(void)     {        printk(KERN_INFO "module test end call\n");     }


title: Paravirtualized disk for Xen using libvirt?

text: I'm trying to use libvirt to create a paravirtualized xen domain. Here's the xml file that I'm passing to `virsh --connect xen:/// define`:               <domain type='xen'>       <name>xenguest</name>       <uuid>f51a3d97-3e35-335f-7853-de59610bddba</uuid>       <memory unit='KiB'>8286208</memory>       <currentMemory unit='KiB'>8286208</currentMemory>       <vcpu placement='static'>4</vcpu>       <bootloader>/usr/lib/xen-4.2/bin/pygrub</bootloader>       <os>         <type>linux</type>         <kernel>/vz/xen/kernels/vmlinuz-3.2.0-38-virtual</kernel>         <initrd>/vz/xen/kernels/initrd.img-3.2.0-38-virtual</initrd>         <cmdline>root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro   console=ttyS0</cmdline>       </os>       <clock offset='utc' adjustment='reset'/>       <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>       <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>       <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>       <devices>         <disk type='file' device='disk'>           <driver name='file'/>           <source file='/vz/disks/xenguest'/>           <target dev='sda1' bus='scsi'/>         </disk>         <interface type='bridge'>           <mac address='52:54:1a:8b:be:bc'/>           <source bridge='virbr0'/>         </interface>         <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/2'>           <source path='/dev/pts/2'/>           <target type='xen' port='0'/>         </console>         <input type='mouse' bus='xen'/>         <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>           <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>         </graphics>       </devices>     </domain>      However, after I add the guest, this line:               <emulator>/usr/lib/xen-4.2/bin/qemu-dm</emulator>      gets automatically added to the disk section. I even tried changing `<target dev='sda1' bus='scsi'/>` to `<target dev='xvda1' bus='xen'/>` and it automatically adds the "emulator" line. However, when I use the `bus='xen'` setting and boot the domain I can see that it is using the xenblk major number, so **my main question is: it using paravirtualized driver? Is there another way to check?**               root@xenhost:~# lsblk      NAME  MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT     xvda1 202:1    0  28G  0 disk /      Here is some more system information:               zje@host:~$ lsb_release -a     No LSB modules are available.     Distributor ID: Ubuntu     Description:    Ubuntu 13.04     Release:        13.04     Codename:       raring     zje@host:~$ uname -a     Linux host 3.8.0-35-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Tue Dec 3 01:24:59 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


title: Movie player for "acps" format .mov video in Linux?

text: I have been send and asked to review a number of video clips that came with the .mov extension. The video clips open fine in Apple's Quicktime 7 and Quicktime X movie player. However, when I tried to open the files with VLC, I get the following error: > No suitable decoder module: VLC does not support the audio or video format > "acps". Unfortunately there is no way for you to fix this The VLC log says (among lots of other output): > main error: no suitable decoder module for fourcc `apcs'. VLC probably does > not support this sound or video format. For numerous reasons using only Quicktime is not a viable option for me. Is there an alternative player that can play this format? Thank you.


title: REHL 6.4 and OpenSSL 1.0.1 - Dependency missing.. but it isn't?

text: I am trying to install phpMyAdmin, however I am getting an error about openssl libraries being missing. However, I have installed them using the ius repo;               Error: Package: php-cli-5.4.26-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi)                Requires: libcrypto.so.10(OPENSSL_1.0.1_EC)(64bit)     Error: Package: php-5.4.26-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi)                Requires: libcrypto.so.10(OPENSSL_1.0.1_EC)(64bit)     Error: Package: php-recode-5.4.26-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi)                Requires: librecode.so.0()(64bit)      You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem      You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest      Version check for openssl;               [root@fts003lhr yum.repos.d]# openssl version -a     OpenSSL 1.0.1e 11 Feb 2013     built on: Wed Oct 16 16:35:53 EDT 2013     platform: linux-x86_64     options:  bn(64,64) md2(int) rc4(8x,int) des(idx,cisc,16,int) idea(int) blowfish(idx)     compiler: gcc -fPIC -DOPENSSL_PIC -DZLIB -DOPENSSL_THREADS -D_REENTRANT -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -DKRB5_MIT -m64 -DL_ENDIAN -DTERMIO -Wall -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -Wa,--noexecstack -DPURIFY -DOPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT5 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m -DSHA1_ASM -DSHA256_ASM -DSHA512_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DAES_ASM -DVPAES_ASM -DBSAES_ASM -DWHIRLPOOL_ASM -DGHASH_ASM     OPENSSLDIR: "/etc/pki/tls"     engines:  rsax dynamic      I'm on RHEL 6.4 Santiago. EDIT: After running `whatprovides`               [root@fts003lhr yum.repos.d]# yum whatprovides */libcrypto.so.10     Loaded plugins: product-id, replace, rhnplugin, security, subscription-manager     This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.     This system is receiving updates from RHN Classic or RHN Satellite.     openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.5.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-4.el6.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.1.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.2.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.2.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-27.el6_4.2.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.4.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-10.el6_1.5.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-10.el6_1.5.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-10.el6_1.4.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-25.el6_3.1.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-4.el6.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-25.el6_3.1.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-4.el6_0.1.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-10.el6.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-4.el6_0.2.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-4.el6_0.2.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.4.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-10.el6.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-4.el6_0.1.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.5.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-27.el6_4.2.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.1.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-10.el6_1.4.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-27.el6.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.3.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.3.i686 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : rhel-x86_64-server-6-6.4.1     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10                    openssl10-libs-1.0.1e-2.ius.el6.x86_64 : A general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation     Repo        : installed     Matched from:     Filename    : /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10


title: Transaction check error in installing vim?

text: I recently updated my fedora to 20 and wanted to install vim.but running `sudo yum install vim` returned this error:               Transaction check error:       file /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz from install of vim-common-2:7.4.179-1.fc20.x86_64 conflicts with file from package vim-minimal-2:7.4.027-2.fc20.x86_64          Error Summary     -------------      How to fix this problem?


title: How to sort these lines?

text: I have this text:               menu.overlap.x: -7     menu.overlap.y: 0          !! Menu settings          menu.title.bg: Solid Flat     menu.title.bg.color: #fce855     menu.title.bg.colorTo: #daa30b     menu.title.bg.border.color: black     menu.title.text.color: #000000     menu.title.text.justify: left     menu.title.bg.interlace.color: #f5db14          !! General window settings     window.label.text.justify: center          !! focused window settings     window.active.client.color: #909498      If I paste it into LibreOffice Calc and use _Data_ > _Sort_ with the option of _Range contains column labels_ unticked, I get this output:               !! focused window settings     !! General window settings     !! Menu settings     menu.overlap.x: -7     menu.overlap.y: 0     menu.title.bg: Solid Flat     menu.title.bg.border.color: black     menu.title.bg.color: #fce855     menu.title.bg.colorTo: #daa30b     menu.title.bg.interlace.color: #f5db14     menu.title.text.color: #000000     menu.title.text.justify: left     window.active.client.color: #909498     window.label.text.justify: center      I've tried `sort` with various options but I get this:               !! focused window settings     !! General window settings     menu.overlap.x: -7     menu.overlap.y: 0     !! Menu settings     menu.title.bg.border.color: black     menu.title.bg.color: #fce855     menu.title.bg.colorTo: #daa30b     menu.title.bg.interlace.color: #f5db14     menu.title.bg: Solid Flat     menu.title.text.color: #000000     menu.title.text.justify: left     window.active.client.color: #909498     window.label.text.justify: center      Which Linux command lets me sort the sample content in the same way as LibreOffice Calc does? (Blank lines are not important.)


title: How to list files without directories, and filter by name (ls options)

text: I have a directory called `uploads`. It contains a bunch of files, plus a few subdirectories which in turn contain files. Is there a way I can (in one step) do the following:   1. List ONLY the files in the root uploads directory -- I do not want to see the subfolder names or their contents; **and**   2. Do NOT list any files that start with `t_` I know about the `-d` flag, but it doesn't get me quite what I want.


title: How to set keyboard layout used to enter password on an encrypted filesystem?

text: After my upgrade to Debian 6 (Squeeze), the keyboard layout used to enter the password of encrypted filesystem has been changed. How can I revert it back to previous one? My understanding is that, before the encrypted filesystem gets unlocked, the only active partition is `/boot`, therefore such a setting should be there somewhere. However, after extensive Internet searching and grepping `/boot`, I've not been able to find it. I've also tried to reconfigure the keyboard layout used by the console, running:               dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration      ...and:               dpkg-reconfigure console-data      ...with no effect.


title: Wifi on Fedora trouble

text: My university's WiFi is particularly unfriendly to Linux, and the only way to make WiFi work is to repeatedly "forget" the network settings for the student network, re-enter all the data about the network, and hope it will connect. I am using Fedora 19 64-bit on my laptop, but this is not the only distro that has WiFi connectivity problems. Android devices are generally incapable of WiFi access, and when I ran Ubuntu, CentOS, and Mint, they all had similar problems. My question is, how would I go about creating a script that would automate the "forget network, re-enter network info" hack that I've been using to get WiFi? As a side note, I am open to more investigative, less hackish solutions that might require more looking at system logs. I am no stranger to bash but logs and more hands on diagnostics are a bit of a mystery to me. Also, my WiFi works fine on my home network, and every other network I've used it with except my university WiFi. Additional info edit: using wpa_supplicant My university runs WPA2-enterprise with AES, and PEAP using MSCHAPv2


title: solaris.grant and granting/delegating rights?

text: I have a couple of question regarding Solaris 11... First off, as far as I can tell, Solaris has dropped the auth solaris.grant in Solaris 11... Why was it removed? Is it no longer needed? Did it get a new name? Is there alternatives - eg. using several other auths to gain the same result? Can it be reintroduced by editing a file like /etc/security/auths_attr (or what it's called, the file that lists auths)? Second, how exactly _does_ a user with the authority to grant or delegate rights (profiles, roles, auths) to other users? Which commands are involved? Can rights be granted both permanently and transiently?


title: Restart all services without reboot

text: I do some group permission changes on the CentOS server, And then need restart all services. How can I restart all services safely without rebooting?


title: If MBR is broken, how to fix on RAID + LUKS encryption?

text: Problem: After HDD failure in a Software-Raid Mirror Debian does not boot. Only black screen with blinking _ Debian Setup:   Within the raid I have a complete system encryption with luks. I am not 100% sure if the MBR is broken or missing or what causes the problem. Usually before the disk failure the PC did boot and I had to enter the passphrase for the encryption and the pc would boot. Current status:   I mounted the raid/luks manually and copied all data. So the data is secure. What I want to do: (#1 prefered) I would like to find the problem (repair MBR ?). Boot the pc. Add the new HDD to my raid and finish. (or #2 if #1 does not work) Since data is secure setting up a new system.


title: What is the source of help?

text: `help` displays information about builtin commands. What is the source of help? Does it maintain a database for builtin commands, or does it read some files of each builtin commands (similar to the manpage of each utilities)? Sometimes I find its information seems to expand that by `\--help`               $ cd --help     bash: cd: --: invalid option     cd: usage: cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]          $ help cd     cd: cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]         Change the shell working directory.              Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the         HOME shell variable.              The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing         DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).         A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins         with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.              If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,         the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,         its value is used for DIR.              Options:             -L  force symbolic links to be followed             -P  use the physical directory structure without following symbolic             links             -e  if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory             cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status              The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.              Exit Status:         Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when         -P is used; non-zero otherwise.      I thought `help` extract the help part of the executable, but for a python script pdf-merge.py, it isn't               $ help ./pdf-merge.py     bash: help: no help topics match `./pdf-merge.py'.  Try `help help' or `man -k ./pdf-merge.py' or `info ./pdf-merge.py'.          $ ./pdf-merge.py --help     usage: pdf-merge.py [-h] [-v] [--ask] [--output OUTPUT] [--title TITLE]                         [--author AUTHOR] [--keyword KEYWORD] [--pdftk PDFTK]                         [--gs GS] [--pdfmarks PDFMARKS] [--unicode]                         PDF [PDF ...]          Merge PDFs preserving bookmarks. Thanks to Larry Cai for suggesting that     Unicode be supported and for discussion about the `--pdfmarks` option.          positional arguments:       PDF                  an input PDF to merge          optional arguments:       -h, --help           show this help message and exit       -v, --version        show program's version number and exit       --ask                pause for manual pdfmark tweaking       --output OUTPUT      name of the output PDF       --title TITLE        title of output PDF       --author AUTHOR      author of output PDF       --keyword KEYWORD    keywords for the output PDF       --pdftk PDFTK        path to the pdftk executable       --gs GS              path to the gs (Ghostscript) executable       --pdfmarks PDFMARKS  path to pdfmarks file. If not given, a temporary file                            is used. If given and the file is missing, execution                            will stop after the file is created (before the                            Ghostscript run). If given and the file exists, no                            attempt will be make to use pdftk to generate the mark                            file (I assume your input file is what you want).       --unicode            instead of merging PDFs, convert PDF-formatted unicode                            strings. For example `--unicode '<FEFF03B103B203B3>'                            \u03b1\u03b2\u03b3`


title: Incoming Spam Mail in exim mail server

text: My domain getting lot of spam mail like xxx@mydomain.com, yyy@mydomain.com. We don't have such user's but we getting mails like that.Also getting lot of bounce mails, How to control spam like this in exim mail server.


Can I see images and watch movies inside the terminal emulator? In case of virtual console I can do it via framebuffer, but what about terminal emulators?


title: Debian 64-bit sees less than 4GB of RAM

text: I have a Debian wheezy (7.4) amd64 virtual machine running under VirtualBox 4.3.10 on a Win7 x64 host with AMD A10-5700 processor. The virtual machine is configured with 16GB of memory (the host has 32GB physical RAM, all of which appears to be recognized correctly). No other VMs are running. Nevertheless, the Debian VM sees far less RAM than allocated.               $ uname -a     Linux debian3 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.54-2 x86_64 GNU/Linux          $ free                  total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached     Mem:       3610656     958788    2651868          0     181072     379744     -/+ buffers/cache:     397972    3212684     Swap:      3668988          0    3668988          $ dmesg | grep BIOS-e820     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 00000000000a0000 (usable)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000de9df000 (usable)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000de9df000 - 00000000de9ec000 (reserved)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000de9ec000 - 00000000dfb6c000 (usable)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000dfb6c000 - 00000000dfbc4000 (reserved)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000dfbc4000 - 00000000dfbcc000 (ACPI data)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000dfbcc000 - 00000000dfbd0000 (ACPI NVS)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000dfbd0000 - 00000000dffd0000 (usable)     [    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000dffd0000 - 00000000dfff0000 (reserved)      I do have VirtualBox set up to use EFI with this VM, so here are some possibly-relevant messages:               $ dmesg | grep EFI     [    0.000000] EFI v2.31 by EDK II     [    0.000000] Kernel-defined memdesc doesn't match the one from EFI!     [    0.000000] EFI: mem00: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000000000-0x00000000000a0000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem01: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000100000-0x00000000003b1000) (2MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem02: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000003b1000-0x0000000002000000) (28MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem03: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000002000000-0x0000000002600000) (6MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem04: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000002600000-0x0000000036bf8000) (837MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem05: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000036bf8000-0x00000000375f4000) (9MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem06: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000375f4000-0x00000000a49a4000) (1747MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem07: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000a49a4000-0x00000000dc000000) (886MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem08: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dc000000-0x00000000dc020000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem09: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dc020000-0x00000000dddc3000) (29MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem10: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dddc3000-0x00000000de1a6000) (3MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem11: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000de1a6000-0x00000000de440000) (2MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem12: type=1, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000de440000-0x00000000de45d000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem13: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000de45d000-0x00000000de9df000) (5MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem14: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000de9df000-0x00000000de9ec000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem15: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000de9ec000-0x00000000deaec000) (1MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem16: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000deaec000-0x00000000deb1f000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem17: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000deb1f000-0x00000000deb25000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem18: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000deb25000-0x00000000df9ec000) (14MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem19: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000df9ec000-0x00000000df9ef000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem20: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000df9ef000-0x00000000dfb6c000) (1MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem21: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000dfb6c000-0x00000000dfb9c000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem22: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000dfb9c000-0x00000000dfbc0000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem23: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dfbc0000-0x00000000dfbc4000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem24: type=9, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dfbc4000-0x00000000dfbcc000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem25: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dfbcc000-0x00000000dfbd0000) (0MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem26: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dfbd0000-0x00000000dffd0000) (4MB)     [    0.000000] EFI: mem27: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000dffd0000-0x00000000dfff0000) (0MB)     [    1.204229] fb0: EFI VGA frame buffer device     [    6.734371] EFI Variables Facility v0.08 2004-May-17      And one other message (iommu-related) I'm pretty sure shouldn't be here:               $ dmesg | grep Calgary     [    0.000000] Calgary: detecting Calgary via BIOS EBDA area     [    0.000000] Calgary: Unable to locate Rio Grande table in EBDA - bailing!      The bootloader is `grub-efi-amd64`. All the above output was from booting with this configuration from `/boot/grub/grub.cfg`:               menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {             load_video             insmod gzio             insmod part_gpt             insmod ext2             set root='(hd0,gpt2)'             search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7d58d543-5c40-4e8d-bbfa-f3773dc7ca15             echo    'Loading Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64 ...'             linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-amd64 root=UUID=7d58d543-5c40-4e8d-bbfa-f3773dc7ca15 ro quiet             echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'             initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-amd64     }      I have looked at various parts of the kernel source and documentation, the VirtualBox documentation, and elsewhere for answers. I have tried adding and removing various combinations of `mem=16G`, `iommu=soft`, `swiotlb=force`, `allowdac`, `noefi`, and `add_efi_memmap` without any real effect. The `iommu=soft` parameter does eliminate the "Calgary"-related messages, as expected, but there is no effect on the reported memory. Just for fun, I tried reducing the configured memory to 8GB, but that had no apparent effect either. If it matters, I am running the stock kernel. What else might work? **Edit:** Here is the output of `dmidecode`:               # dmidecode 2.11     # SMBIOS entry point at 0xdfbce000     SMBIOS 2.5 present.     10 structures occupying 449 bytes.     Table at 0xDFBCE020.          Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes     BIOS Information         Vendor: innotek GmbH         Version: VirtualBox         Release Date: 12/01/2006         Address: 0xE0000         Runtime Size: 128 kB         ROM Size: 128 kB         Characteristics:             ISA is supported             PCI is supported             Boot from CD is supported             Selectable boot is supported             8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)             CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)             ACPI is supported          Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes     System Information         Manufacturer: innotek GmbH         Product Name: VirtualBox         Version: 1.2         Serial Number: 0         UUID: 0B1BEC54-20D1-4809-A92D-22EE66339AA8         Wake-up Type: Power Switch         SKU Number: Not Specified         Family: Virtual Machine          Handle 0x0008, DMI type 2, 15 bytes     Base Board Information         Manufacturer: Oracle Corporation         Product Name: VirtualBox         Version: 1.2         Serial Number: 0         Asset Tag: Not Specified         Features:             Board is a hosting board         Location In Chassis: Not Specified         Chassis Handle: 0x0003         Type: Motherboard         Contained Object Handles: 0          Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 13 bytes     Chassis Information         Manufacturer: Oracle Corporation         Type: Other         Lock: Not Present         Version: Not Specified         Serial Number: Not Specified         Asset Tag: Not Specified         Boot-up State: Safe         Power Supply State: Safe         Thermal State: Safe         Security Status: None          Handle 0x0007, DMI type 126, 42 bytes     Inactive          Handle 0x0005, DMI type 126, 15 bytes     Inactive          Handle 0x0006, DMI type 126, 28 bytes     Inactive          Handle 0x0002, DMI type 11, 7 bytes     OEM Strings         String 1: vboxVer_4.3.10         String 2: vboxRev_93012          Handle 0x0008, DMI type 128, 8 bytes     OEM-specific Type         Header and Data:             80 08 08 00 35 C7 31 00          Handle 0xFEFF, DMI type 127, 4 bytes     End Of Table


title: Fedora 20 Elantech Touchpad not working

text: I just purchased a _Toshiba Satellite E45t-A4100_ laptop, installed _Fedora 20_ , and cannot get the touchpad to work.   Here's my environment:               Toshiba Satellite E45t-A4100     ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad      * * *               uname -r     3.13.8-200.fc20.x86_64      * * *               dmesg | grep mouse     [    0.687578] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice     [    1.491139] psmouse serio1: elantech: assuming hardware version 4 (with firmware version 0x381f01)     [    1.518222] psmouse serio1: elantech: Synaptics capabilities query result 0x00, 0x14, 0x0c.      * * *               xinput --list | grep Touchpad     ⎜   ↳ ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad                  id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]      * * *               cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep syna     [    25.548] (II) LoadModule: "synaptics"     [    25.548] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/input/synaptics_drv.so     [    25.548] (II) Module synaptics: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [    25.548] (II) Using input driver 'synaptics' for 'ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad'     [    25.570] (II) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: found clickpad property     [    25.570] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: x-axis range 0 - 3097 (res 31)     [    25.570] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: y-axis range 0 - 1793 (res 31)     [    25.570] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: pressure range 0 - 255     [    25.570] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: finger width range 0 - 15     [    25.570] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: buttons: left double triple     [    25.570] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: Vendor 0x2 Product 0xe     [    25.570] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: touchpad found     [    25.580] (**) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: (accel) MinSpeed is now constant deceleration 2.5     [    25.580] (**) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: (accel) MaxSpeed is now 1.75     [    25.580] (**) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: (accel) AccelFactor is now 0.056     [    25.580] (--) synaptics: ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad: touchpad found      * * *               cat /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf     Section "InputClass"             Identifier "touchpad catchall"             Driver "synaptics"             MatchIsTouchpad "on"             MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"     EndSection          # This option enables the bottom right corner to be a right button on     # non-synaptics clickpads.     # This option is only interpreted by clickpads.     Section "InputClass"             Identifier "Default clickpad buttons"             MatchDriver "synaptics"             Option "SoftButtonAreas" "50% 0 82% 0 0 0 0 0"     EndSection     ...


title: Floating panel over fullscreen windows in tile WM

text: I want to create kiosk using GNU/Linux. I need to show GUI one application full screen. I've found that `ratpoison` suits my needs. But I also want to allow user to see and change keyboard layout and display digital clock on a panel. It's clear that I don't need all 1280 horizontal pixels to display this information. My fullscreen application has main menu and it would be great to use empty space on the right to overlay it with the panel. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/4TbKQ.png) I've achieved that with those lines in `tint2` config: ``` panel_position = top right horizontal panel_size = 150 24 strut_policy = none panel_layer = top ``` It works well with a "normal" WM (like `kwin`), but I cannot get the same result with a tile WM (I suppose it's easier to strengthen simple tile WM than a "normal" one). I've already tried `ratpoison`, `awesome` and `i3`. How can I achieve my goal? I can easily change WM or panel to a different one.


title: Write a script file 'account.awk' that from a file 'orders' creates the formated printout of account

text: Write a script file `account.awk` that from a file `orders` creates the formatted printout of account. The file `orders` is as follows: http://pastebin.com/kPF5B0c0 Beside the column `Cost` the account displays the column `Total`. To the total cost the measure `EUR` should be added. The last row is summary and includes the total number of pieces and the total cost.


title: Is making /var/log directory read only on debian linux safe?

text: I am installing a really small server which got a 512mb CF cars as HD. Not only I haven't plenty of space, but I would like to minimize the writes to disk. I would like to completely clear the /var/log directory and to make it read only (write protected). Will the system hang if I do so?


title: Postgres: authenticate as postgres user in non-interactive script

text: I am writing a non-interactive script that needs to execute postgres commands. The script will only be run by `root` or a user with `sudo` permissions, and the postgres commands need to be executed as the `postgres` user in postgresql. The trouble is that postgresql always (as far as I can tell) prompts for a password interactively (i.e. `pqsl -U postgres -W`) or does not accept a password at all (i.e. `psql -U postgres -w`). I would like to pass a password on the command line, similar to how mysql allows `mysql -u user -p password`. How can I do this with postgres?


title: Systemd: cause a script to execute *after* networking has started?

text: I am relatively new to systemd and am learning its architecture. Right now, I'm trying to figure out how to cause a custom shell script to run. This script needs to run _after_ the networking layer has started up. I'm running Arch, using systemd as well as netctl. To test, I wrote a simple script that simply executes `ip addr list > /tmp/ip.txt`. I created the following service file for this script.               (/etc/systemd/system/test.service)     [Unit]     Description=test service          [Service]     ExecStart=/root/test.script          [Install]     WantedBy=multi-user.target      I then enabled the script with,               systemctl enable test      Upon restarting, the script does indeed run, but it runs prior to the network being started. In other words, the output in `ip.txt` displays no IPv4 address assigned to the primary interface. By the time I login, the IPv4 address has indeed been assigned and networking is up. I'm guessing I could alter the point at which the script runs by messing with the `WantedBy` parameter, but I'm not sure how to do that. Could someone point me in the right direction?


title: alternative to nslookup in rhel7?

text: `nslookup` does not come preinstalled in RHEL 7 Beta. I noticed even `dig` and `host` was not pre installed. I read couple of links which mentions `nslookup` is dead/deprecated, so is there an alternative for `nslookup` introduced in RHEL7 which comes preinstalled?


title: Is there a way to prevent a non-terminal-attached process from executing 'who' inside my .envfile?

text: I made some modifications to the `/home/user/.envfile` so the `PS1` prompt would show date/time as well as the `pwd` etc. The modification is:               # `who am i` is used to obtain the name of the original user     case `who am i | awk '{print $1}'` in         'someuser')             #set the prompt to include the date and time             set -o allexport             unset _Y _M _D _h _m _s             eval $(date "+_Y=%Y;_M=%m;_D=%d;_h=%H;_m=%M;_s=%S")             ((SECONDS = 3600*${_h#0}+60*${_m#0}+${_s#0}))             typeset -Z2 _h _m _s             _tsub="(_m=(SECONDS/60%60)) == (_h=(SECONDS/3600%24)) + (_s=(SECONDS%60))"             _timehm='${_x[_tsub]}$_h:${_m}'             _timehms='${_x[_tsub]}$_h:$_m:${_s}'             _timedhms=$_Y'/'$_M'/'$_D" "'${_x[_tsub]}$_h:$_m:${_s}'             _hn=`hostname`             typeset -u _hn             # `whoami` is used here to display the name of the 'su' user             _un=`whoami | awk '{print $1}'`             typeset -u _un             export PS1="$_timedhms     "'['$_un']'$_hn':${PWD#$HOME/} $ '             set +o allexport         ;;         *)         ;;     esac      The prompt should look like:               2014/08/07 11:08:24     [su'd username]hostname:/home/username $      As you can see, this makes use of `whoami` to display the name of the current user in the prompt. Certain processes we run through this account are complaining:               who: 0551-012 The process is not attached to a terminal.             Do not run who am i as a background process.     Usage: who [-AabdHilmpqrsTtuwX?] [am {i,I}] [utmp_like_file]      Is there any way to prevent that modification from affecting this other process? Possibly by detecting when the process is not attached to a terminal?


title: HP Wifi printing problem

text: I have an HP PhotoSmart, under Debian 7.5. I'm trying to use my Wifi connection to print documents. It seems to work, but finally only prints the beginning of the pages I send. Any hints? With `hplip`, the printer is recognised (network/internet/wireless network), but `hplip` indicates "device communication error".


title: Kernels of different distributions of Unix and of Linux

text: I have heard that different distributions of Linux have the same Linux kernel up to that the Linux kernels may be in different versions. Do different distributions of Unix also share the same kernel up to different versions? What are some examples of various distributions of Unix? I've only heard of BSD.


title: configure error when trying to build OpenSSL on CentOS

text: I have a Centos 5.7 operating system box and I have installed OpenSSL 1.0.1h successfully. but when I am upgrading OpenSSH I am getting the below error message while running ./configure. Kindly help me on this and let me know if you have any questions.               checking whether snprintf correctly terminates long strings... yes     checking whether snprintf can declare const char *fmt... yes     checking whether system supports SO_PEERCRED getsockopt... yes     checking for (overly) strict mkstemp... yes     checking if openpty correctly handles controlling tty... yes     checking whether getpgrp requires zero arguments... yes     checking OpenSSL header version... 1000108f (OpenSSL 1.0.1h 5 Jun 2014)     checking OpenSSL library version... 90802f (OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008)     checking whether OpenSSL's headers match the library... no     configure: error: Your OpenSSL headers do not match your     library. Check config.log for details.     If you are sure your installation is consistent, you can disable the check     by running "./configure --without-openssl-header-check".     Also see contrib/findssl.sh for help identifying header/library mismatches.


title: How to automatically add my program to gnome panel

text: I wrote a program like dropbox seen in pic. I want to add the icon as that of dropbox. How could I do that? How to automatically do that? ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/E7pSg.png)


title: How To Install The GNOME 2 Fork 'Mate' Desktop (or similar)  On Fedora linux?

text: I am running Fedora 16 and keep wanting to do something about the awkward Desktop. I tried several shell extensions but wasn't satisfied with the results, then I heard about MATE, is there a tutorial on how to install it?


title: Extract IP address from a string

text: The Linux `host` command returns:               hostA.domain.com has address xx.xxx.xxx.xx      How do I get just the IP address and put it in the `$ipaddr` variable?               open(FILE, "hostlist.txt") or die("Unable to open file");     @hostnames = <FILE>;     close(FILE);     foreach $hostname (@hostnames)     {         $lookup = qx(host $hostname);         $ipaddr = grep ip_address $lookup;  <---- need help here         print $ipaddr;     }


title: What's the default boot parameter for CentOS 6.2?

text: I forgot to install a boot loader during LiveCD installation , since i've got other distribution resides in my system , i could add another entry into grub2 , but what's the default parameter for CentOS ?                 linux /vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 root=//dev/XX ??       initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64.img      Thanks !


title: Why don't all Mint 12 applications show up in my cairo-dock menu?

text: I'm running Mint12 with four monitors. Needless to say, the standard Gnome doesn't work well but it does when using Cairo-Dock instead of the default toolbars and menus. The problem is that my application menu for cairo-dock is not the same as the default menu for mint and some programs are not showing up. The add-on mint menu doesn't work, probably due to issues with compiz. Compiz does not play nice when using two different cards with xinerama. How can I load the get it to show the same applications? Thanks.


title: Is it worth using vdmfec for backups to external SATA/IDE hard drives?

text: I have some SATA/IDE hard drive enclosures that I use for backups. The drives for formatted with VFAT, since I need to be able to share them with Windows and OS/X machines. The backup scripts pipe the output through vdmfec to provide error correction for the files. (I started doing this when I found that some old backup files were damaged.) The example on the manpage refers to 1.44MB "floppy" discs. So my question is: is it worth using vdmfec for hard drives (as I've heard that newer ones have built-in error correction)? And if so, should I be using different settings than the defaults? Also: are there better tools for Linux than vdmfec for error correction?