title: Creating VLANs between network namespaces

text: I want to implement the topology shown in the figure below using network namespaces (ns1 to ns4).                       ![topology to implement](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Qe8QA.png) I can implement the above topology without splitting the network into two different VLANs using the following commands (based on this article, titled: Introducing Linux Network Namespaces):               sudo ip netns add ns1     sudo ip netns add ns2     sudo ip netns add ns3     sudo ip netns add ns4          sudo ip link add veth1 type veth peer name veth11     sudo ip link add veth2 type veth peer name veth12     sudo ip link add veth3 type veth peer name veth13     sudo ip link add veth4 type veth peer name veth14          sudo ip link set veth11 netns ns1     sudo ip link set veth12 netns ns2     sudo ip link set veth13 netns ns3     sudo ip link set veth14 netns ns4          sudo ip netns exec ns1  ifconfig lo up     sudo ip netns exec ns2  ifconfig lo up     sudo ip netns exec ns3  ifconfig lo up     sudo ip netns exec ns4  ifconfig lo up          sudo ifconfig veth1 10.1.11.1/24 up     sudo ifconfig veth2 10.1.12.1/24 up     sudo ifconfig veth3 10.1.13.1/24 up     sudo ifconfig veth4 10.1.14.1/24 up          sudo ip netns exec ns1 ifconfig veth11 10.1.11.2/24 up     sudo ip netns exec ns2 ifconfig veth12 10.1.12.2/24 up     sudo ip netns exec ns3 ifconfig veth13 10.1.13.2/24 up     sudo ip netns exec ns4 ifconfig veth14 10.1.14.2/24 up          sudo ip netns exec ns1 route add default gw 10.1.11.1 veth11     sudo ip netns exec ns2 route add default gw 10.1.12.1 veth12     sudo ip netns exec ns3 route add default gw 10.1.13.1 veth13     sudo ip netns exec ns4 route add default gw 10.1.14.1 veth14      Based on the above setup everyone can ping everyone else. Now I want to isolate ns1 and ns3 in one VLAN, and ns2 and ns4 in another. To implement the VLAN's I'm trying to use something like the following:               sudo vconfig add veth1 11     sudo vconfig add veth3 11     sudo vconfig add veth11 12     sudo vconfig add veth13 12      However still everyone can ping everyone else meaning that the network isn't divided into two different LANS. How can I achieve what I'm trying? Is there a different method for VLAN tagging for virtual interfaces?


title: is it possible to recover a raid 5 array by using usb enclosures?

text: I had a RAID 5 (Linux software RAID) server which recently decided not to boot anymore. It seems to be a motherboard problem possibly due to not being protected by a UPS during a power failure. It managed to extend its slow death to the point of taking up plenty of my time without much reward but I know that the drives are fine. Is it possible to rebuild the RAID array even though the drives will have different numbers by plugging it into a machine over USB adapters? Is it possible any damage can be done to the array in the process by attempting to rebuild the array with the wrong drive numbers? I don't want to do a `mdadm assemble --force` unless I know it's safe. Is there something I can do to investigate if it will be safe to force the assembly?


title: Can lvm2 volumes based on device names like sda, sdb etc be mounted if their names change?

text: Lets say I would like to make a large volume from external usb drives. I create the lvm volume on drives that have been given certain device names sdf sdg or whatever and at some point they are plugged in differently or in different ports will the volune still be mountable? will I have to change things to mount the volume ? Perhaps it's possible to work around this using UUIDs at the physical volume level? For bonus points is it possible to convert or migrate from device names to uuids ? I'm thinking perhaps through a sequence of pvmoves


title: Convert a .xlsx (MS Excel) file to .csv on command line with semicolon separated fields

text: I realize that this is _not_ an entirely unix/linux related question. But since this is something I'll do on linux, I hope someone has an answer. I have an online excel file (`.xlsx`) which gets updated periodically (by someone else). I want to write a script and put it in as a cronjob in order to to process that excel sheet. But to do that, I need to convert that into a text file (so a `.csv`) with semicolon separated columns. It can't be comma separated unfortunately since some columns have commas in them. Is it at all possible to do this conversion from shell? I have Open office installed and I can do this by using its GUI, but want to know if it is possible to do this from command line. Thanks! PS: I have a Mac machine as well, so if some solution can work there, thats good as well. :)


title: How can I tweak my Linux desktop to be more responsive?

text: I have the experience that Linux works fine until the physical memory is exhausted. As soon as swap space is used the performance is severely degraded and the GUI becomes unresponsive. This problem is not limited to a specific distro or desktop, because I've tried a few (and the issue remains). What can I do about this?


title: Stop program running at startup in Linux

text: How do I stop a program running at startup in Linux. I want to remove some apps from startup to allow them to be managed by `supervisord` e.g apache2


title: xargs line too long

text: I am trying to remove all files that have a hexadecimal digit in the first two digits, so I am using the following expression:               ls | grep -Z '^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]' | xargs -0 rm      However, the terminal outputs the error:               xargs: argument line too long      To double-check, I ran:               ls | grep -Z '^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]'       which outputs all of the files that I want to delete. Why am I getting this error? Additionally, how can I delete these files? Also, my file names are similar to the following:               ffc1abfa3149067e990620dbecfa96d325fbbd     ffcc72282168e33110ecf436e2726a5f901ca6     ffd010299a02ded0a8d41ee1ccc242f2193df2     ffd27295acbe3d35088a5a754f5593eac6a0ae     ffd332a39f7be05d58863fe3bf55d7aba68b69     ffd7ba85b0577b90c0fb1b3922303c486127d4     ffdb37718feaf64c404a6c2a3648f15cdf27b1     ffdbffe5b187c8a73d15da9e5f6cc0fb8d4df3     ffdd8c340650848759c7e59f90f8c112ac33ce     ffde57cb4ba9b69531a3b3f2c6588d2802f71b     ffdeb529353a85b642efa1404aa27e58982da1     ffe0bec99e3e64c61dd45e404c8ccf12d7bea5     ffe58837e9d976499781de17628f2f41e16c9a     ffee6887889924583762e43d5a6b9cd29b6690     fff0b6886aff6cb4073742fbf7bcc1b47d9b45      Perhaps the file names themselves are too long for `xargs`?


title: Which less popular shells do you use and what are their advantages?

text: Apart from what you can (arguably?) call the more popular shells (bash, csh, Korn, zsh) what other ones do you know and use and what unique features do they have? ps - One answer per shell would be ideal to gather a meaningful survey


title: CUPS gives 'Unable to open the initial device, quitting' when printing to network printer

text: I am trying to print over Wi-Fi to an HP Photosmart D110 printer which is successfully recognized by CUPS. But I only get a sheet with the error message `Unable to open the initial device, quitting`. And in the CUPS interface it says `Filter failed`. At home I have an HP Photosmart C3100 that works correctly over USB, so I think CUPS is not the problem. I have tried to no avail:   * reinstalling `cups`/`hplip`   * `pacman -S avahi nss-mdns` (like proposed here) The full text of `/var/log/cups/error_log` is here. The same printer works correctly over USB, too. I'm running Arch Linux x86-64 with cups 1.6.1. What am I missing?


title: rsync command to backup home tree to another disk

text: I want to make sure I am using the correct `rsync` command on Linux. I do not want to run an `rsync` and end up losing data as I am new to Linux and I have no backup now. On Linux Mint, I want to backup `/home/nasser/` and everything BELOW it to `/home/BACKUP/` where I have a backup disk mounted. Therefore, I'd like to end up with:               /home/nasser/file1     /home/nasser/file2     /home/nasser/A/file1      to               /home/BACKUP/file1     /home/BACKUP/file2     /home/BACKUP/A/file1      This should include all hidden files and directories preserving ownership and permissions. I made sure that `/home/BACKUP/` is owned by me (user and group). (I just created it using `sudo` and changed owner and group and mounted the backup disk at that point). The command I plan to use is:               rsync -apvr --delete --chmod=ugo=rwX  /home/nasser/  /home/BACKUP/      I will run this with my user account, not as root. Is the above command correct to do what I want so I end up with duplicate files in all aspects? I plan to use this for regular backups, so I will use this command each time I want to make sure the backup is up to date. For reference, these are the full steps I have performed to prepare for the backup.   1. Bought a USB external disk. Come home and plugin into the PC   2. Ran `dmesg` and saw [172850.144032] sd 9:0:0:0: >[sdc] [172850.170378] sd 9:0:0:0: >[sdc] Attached SCSI disk   3. Determined new disk is recognized at `/dev/sdc`   4. Deleted existing partition and created new primary partition. `# sudo fdisk /dev/sdc` Command (m for help): d   Selected partition 1 Command (m for help): n   Partition type:   p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)   e extended   Select (default p): p   Partition number (1-4, default 1): Chose defaults to use the whole disk. Command (m for help): w   ...   Syncing disks.   5. Create ext4 filesystem   `# sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1`   6. Create mount point   `# sudo mkdir /home/BACKUP`   7. Mount and assign everything to me, only needed to be done once   `# sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdc1 /home/BACKUP/`   `# sudo chgrp -R nasser /home/BACKUP/`   `# sudo chown -R nasser /home/BACKUP/`


title: Give permission to view files

text: I am new with servers and I started learning about Cloud servers. My server has Debian. I installed apache, php, and vsftpd and I added users with `adduser <user>`. Then I gave permission:               ln -s /var/www www     chown -R <user> /var/www      chmod -R 755 /var/www**      Now, I logged in through FTP and I went to the directory `/var/www` where `index.html` and `test.php` were. I deleted both files and upload another `test.html` file. When I try to access it I get:               You don't have permission to access /test.html on this server.      What do I have to do?


title: Domain Name problems in CentOS hosted under VirtualBox

text: When I `ping www.google.com` I get:               [root@ryanPC ~]# ping www.google.com     ping: unknown host www.google.com      Also, when I run `ping -n 8.8.8.8`, I get: `connect: Network is unreachable` So I have ran the following commands (as root) to disable `iptables` and `ip6tables`:               service iptables stop     service iptables save     service iptables status     iptables: Firewall is not running.          service ip6tables stop     service ip6tables save     service ip6tables status     ip6tables: Firewall is not running.      I think it will be important to mention that this is being ran on VirtualBox Attached to Bridged Adaptor. My colleague suggested I disable iptables which I did, does anyone else have any suggestions as to what to do? Update: So I have followed the article en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolv.conf that would manually edit the `/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0` file found in `/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/`. Furthermore, I have ran the command `echo nameserver 8.8.8.8 >> /etc/resolv.conf` But now here is what I am getting: ![networkRestart](http://i.stack.imgur.com/BfQ9g.png)


title: How do I run Gnome 3 sound control from KDE?

text: Skype is using pulse audio, which is part of Gnome and the main place I found to configure microphones was in the standard Gnome sound control. How can I configure the microphones from KDE?


title: Please explain Solaris boot sequence in detail

text: Its same question for Linux here at Please explain Linux boot sequence in detail but emphasis on Solaris style of things. I am preparing a document in detail showing light on the boot sequence of Solaris right from pressing of Power-on button the host to the login prompt appearance. It would be great if we could combine and collate that right answers here into a single place of reference. Please include any details worth possible to note during the startup. Once the document gets complete from all the points, I will post the document details here as well and update the link in the question. Please consider all possible scenarios like booting from disk, booting from usb, booting from network on a disk-less client where the rootfs(/) is on network.


title: discribe in details tha boot process of any linux system

text: I am preparing a document in detail showing light on the boot sequence of Linux right from pressing of Power-on button the host to the login prompt appearance. It would be great if we could combine and collate that right answers here into a single place of reference. Please include any details worth possible to note during the startup. Once the document gets complete from all the points, I will post the document details here as well and update the link in the question. Please consider all possible scenarios like booting from disk, booting from usb, booting from network on a disk-less client where the rootfs(/) is on network.


title: Why does the SELinux filesystem have it's own null device?

text: Looking through `/sys/fs/selinux`, I found this:               # ls -l /sys/fs/selinux/null     crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 24 02:47 /sys/fs/selinux/null      Which is identical to `/dev/null`:               # ls -l /dev/null     crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 24 10:47 /dev/null      So what's the point of SELinux having its own null device?


title: Fake installation of java-runtime package?

text: I don't use openjdk environment, and I've got oracle java installed, then linked the java / javac binaries to `/usr/bin`. Now when I build packages that requires `java-runtime` package, I had to edit the PKGBUILD everytime to strip off the dependency of that package. So, can I insert a record somewhere, so that make pacman believe `java- runtime` is installed already? **EDIT** I didn't use any package to install oracle java, I just extracted it some where then linked the binaries to $PATH


title: Debian [ Wheezy ] : Suricata : LibHTP outdated

text: While looking to test suricata from the Debian Wheezy repo I ran into an issue.               cat /var/log/suricata/suricata-start.log           23/9/2013 -- 19:25:03 - <Info> - This is Suricata version 1.2.1 (rev 872e3cb)     23/9/2013 -- 19:25:03 - <Warning> - [ERRCODE: SC_WARN_OUTDATED_LIBHTP(200)] - libhtp < 0.2.7 detected. Keyword http_raw_header will not be able to inspect response headers.     23/9/2013 -- 19:25:03 - <Info> - CPUs/cores online: 1     23/9/2013 -- 19:25:03 - <Info> - NFQ running in standard ACCEPT/DROP mode     23/9/2013 -- 19:25:03 - <Info> - Using PCRE match-limit setting of: 3500      While I've download the libhtp source for 0.5.7 , installed a `.deb` archive from Debian Jessy ( 0.2.12 ) the lib keeps pointing at the old lib. I've added `include /usr/local/lib/` to `/etc/ld.so.conf` Ran and reran `ldconfig -v` , manually erased the cache `/etc/ld.co.cache` and reran what I could figure out to no avail. Creating `/etc/ld.so.conf.d/libhtp.conf` containing `/usr/local/lib/libhtp*` seemed to result in               ldconfig -p | grep libhtp     libhtp-0.5.7.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/lib/libhtp-0.5.7.so.1     libhtp-0.2.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhtp-0.2.so.1      What's going, what am I doing wrong? There is extremely little to find on this.


title: TCP wrapper "except" option

text: I configured the `/etc/hosts.allow` at the machine 192.168.122.50 with the following option.               sshd : ALL EXCEPT 192.168.122.1      and tried `ssh root@192.168.122.50` from the machine 192.168.122.1 and I was able to connect to the machine 192.168.122.50 as root. Then I added the the following rule to the `/etc/hosts.deny` file at 192.168.122.50               sshd : 192.168.122.1      Again, I tried `ssh root@192.168.122.50` from the machine 192.168.122.1. But this time I was **not able to connect** and I got the error               ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host      This made me doubt the actual behaviour of the EXCEPT directive in `/etc/hosts.allow` and `/etc/hosts.deny`. Below is what I understand from this. If we put the **EXCEPT** directive in hosts.allow, it only means that we are not allowing the particular host/network that comes after it but a connection is still possible **until** we explicitly mention that particular host/network in `/etc/hosts.deny`. To put it simply **not allowing does not mean denying** If we put the **EXCEPT** directive in hosts.deny, it means that we are indirectly allowing the particular host/network to make a connection. To put it simply **not denying means allowing** Am I right in my judgement? Note 1: ssh daemon is restarted whenever I make a change in `/etc/hosts.allow` and `/etc/hosts.deny` even though it is not necessary. Note 2: I understand that allow has more priority than deny.


title: Debian 7.3 - Nautilus doesn't show devices and partitions in left panel after changing partitions

text: Today I changed some partitions (moving, resizing) on my second hard drive and after restarting Debian I noticed that Nautilus doesn't show either partitions nor removable devices in left panel. In the **Devices** section I can only see a cdrom device. Before changes I could see in that section all mounted and unmounted partitions and removable devices. In the **Computer** section I can only see 3 partitions mounted automatically from `/etc/fstab`. I've been looking in `/var/log/syslog` for any failure, but everything looks OK. ### EDIT #1 When I've run the command `fdisk -l` it shows that everything seems OK, but I noticed that it prints this info:               /dev/sda1   *        2048      718847      358400    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     /dev/sda2          718848   167776255    83528704    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     /dev/sda3       167778302  2930276351  1381249025    f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)     Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary.     /dev/sda5       167780350  1007702013   419960832    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     Partition 5 does not start on physical sector boundary.     /dev/sda6      1007704064  1530945535   261620736    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     /dev/sda7      1530947584  2579529727   524291072    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     /dev/sda8      2579531776  2930276351   175372288    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT      It also doesn't see my portable hard disk.


title: Perl dependency issue

text: I've installed CentOS 6.3 (i386) recently. It has two perl binary               /usr/bin/perl (v5.10.1)     /usr/local/appx/perl/bin/perl (v5.8.8)      My question: Is it possible to install some other funtinonality to that application using system wide perl & perl's module from that appx? Like below:               ./configue -prefix=/usrl/local/app_xyz -perl_lib_path=/usr/local/appx/perl/lib/5.8.8/      I've tried the above, I got error the following error:               RRD Perl Module -----------------**Not Found**      But that perl module `RRDs.pm` is available under the `/usr/local/appx/lib/5.8.8` directory. Also the `configure` script doesn't have `ARG` to map our appx perl binary path (`/usr/local/appx/perl/bin/perl`), it automatically picks the system wide perl as default.


title: What does %\/ do (zsh prompt expansion)?

text: What does the sequence `%\/` do in zsh prompt expansion? `man zshmisc` doesn't contain the string `%\`, which is where the rest of the prompt-specific expansions are. The sequence can be seen in Holmans dotfiles:               directory_name(){       echo "%{$fg_bold[cyan]%}%1/%\/%{$reset_color%}"     }          export PROMPT=$'in $(directory_name)› '


title: Is the sum of all PIDs "utime" the total system utime?

text: In order to measure a user's total CPU time, I'm using the "utime" field out of `/proc/[pid]/stat`:               utime %lu   Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user                 mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by                 sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK).  This includes guest time, guest_time                 (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), so that                 applications that are not aware of the guest time field do                 not lose that time from their calculations.      (from man proc (5)) So, my "user utime" is the sum of the `utime` of all PIDs this user is running. I'm hoping this will give me an accurate value for the number of CPU seconds this user has spent. Am I on the right track? Some of the things I don't understand or take into account yet:   * Each PID also has a parent PID (or zero). But I'm counting every PID, not just the ones with a ppid of 0. Is this correct?   * There are, in addition to utime, stime, cutime and cstime. Do I need to worry about those? I'm assuming that utime is the total number of cpu seconds for a PID, not counting the parent. If I calculate the system's total cpu time using `/proc/uptime`, this value is _fairly_ close to my sum for all users, but the difference is significant. For instance (in minutes):               system cpu_time:         96.13     sum of users_cputime:   111.45      Correction: I get "sensible looking" values for all kinds of things. At the moment I'm using the sum of utime, stime, cutime and cstime. And it reports values that, while I don't understand them, correlate very well with measurements from `time`. If I am completely on the wrong track, there's another question:   * What's the fairest way to monitor total CPU time - per user? (+500 Bounty) on Ask Ubuntu


title: Auto running bash script on login

text: I wanted to make a script which ran automatically on login so I put it into the file `~/bash.profile`, but it didnt run. When I put it in bashrc, it ran on opening a terminal. What I was doing in the script was accessing a file in the pictures folder. I just added `./script.sh` in `~/.bash_profile`. How to make it run on login? I'm using Unity on Ubuntu 11.10.


title: Replace filename with parent folder name

text: I have a bunch of files each in their own subdirectory. I need to write a script to rename each file to have the same name as its directory: For example, given:               ./1111/1234.pdf     ./2222/2345.pdf     ./1234/3214.pdf      I need them to be renamed to:               ./1111/1111.pdf     ./2222/2222.pdf     ./1234/1234.pdf      How can I do that?


title: How to get rid of dummy interface?

text: Hey guys I have a strange problem. There isn't an eth0 interface on my Linux embedded (ttylinux v7) client instead I have a dummy0 interface. With this interface I can't ping anything, and I think it does not work at all. If I run udhcpc to retrieve an IP during the boot process I can't get one (Sending discover.. No lease, failing). If I do the same after the login it works but the dummy0 continues there. That is strange because its a PXE boot so my dhcp server is running since the boot begins. I've already put the `NOZEROCONF` option on `/etc/network.conf`.


title: Debian: Upgraded to php 5.3 and lost phpcli, php-pear, etc

text: I upgraded to PHP5.3 using this tutorial: http://www.debiantutorials.com/how- to-install-upgrade-to-php-5-3-on-debian-lenny/ It removed the following packages:               Removing php-pear ...     Removing php5-pgsql ...     Removing php5-mysql ...     Removing php5-mcrypt ...     Removing php5-ldap ...     Removing php5-gd ...     Removing php5-curl ...     Removing php5-sasl ...     Removing php5-cli ...      All seemed well, it warned me those packages would be removed, which was fine, I figured I could just install them after. But now, when I try, it warns me that I am missing dependencies:               The following packages have unmet dependencies:       php5-cli: Depends: libc6 (>= 2.11) but 2.7-18lenny7 is to be installed                 Depends: libdb4.8 but it is not installable                 Depends: libgssapi-krb5-2 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2) but it is not installable                 Depends: libk5crypto3 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2) but it is not installable                 Depends: libkrb5-3 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2) but it is not installable                 Depends: libncurses5 (>= 5.7+20100313) but 5.7+20081213-1 is to be installed                 Depends: libreadline6 (>= 6.0) but it is not installable                 Depends: libssl0.9.8 (>= 0.9.8m-1) but 0.9.8g-15+lenny16 is to be installed                 Depends: libxml2 (>= 2.7.4) but 2.6.32.dfsg-5+lenny5 is to be installed     E: Broken packages      What can I do to fix this issue and get these back?


title: Risks involved with lazy_itable_init=1 for ext4 fs on SD card

text: My setup is the following:   * Linux kernel 2.6.28    * e2fsprogs 1.42.7   * 64 GB class 10 SD card I am attempting to speed up the time it takes to format the entire card to an ext4 filesystem. My research has pointed me towards the lazy_itable_init=1 option for mkfs.ext4. If I understand correctly, these options will improve the speed of formatting the SD card partition considerably, however this is achieved by deferring the initialization of the inodes to when the filesystem is first mounted. This initialization will then be performed in the background by the kernel (v2.6.27+ only) The man pages have the following sentence about this option: > This [flag] speeds up filesystem initialization noticeably, but it requires > the kernel to finish initializing the filesystem in the background when the > filesystem is first mounted. My question is, what happens if the kernel does not finish initializing the filesystem in the background? I have tested this by formatting using the lazy_itable_init=1 option, mounting the file system and then removing the SD card shortly after. When I insert the card again, I can mount the partition without problem and wrote several files of 100 MB containing zeros. These were read back and were correct. Is this just a fluke positive, would I be guaranteed to see this behavior after such a sequence of events?


title: Permissions UMASK for New Directories

text: I have a directory "dir1" who's owner is "owner1" and it has 775 permissions. Another user in the same group as "owner1" is called "owner2" Whenever a file is written to "dir1" by "owner2" I need the permissions to be 600, and if it writes a directory, I need it to be 700. How can I do this? Do I need a UMASK?


title: rsync mkstemp failed Invalid argument (22) with davfs mount of Box.com cloud

text: I mounted Box.com cloud storage using davfs according to these instructions. I mounted my Box.com account under /home/me/Cloud/Box I can access the mounted filesystem via Dolphin as well as via the terminal. It is a little slow, but I can list (ls) and navigate the entire directory structure with no errors. Next I attempted to run rsync as follows:               rsync -auvz  --max-size=250M --exclude '.*' /home/me/Music/ /home/me/Cloud/Box/Music      I also tried:               rsync -auv  /home/me/Music/A /home/me/Cloud/Box/Music      and other variations of rsync commands. The command is copying my Music from my local file system (/home/me/Music/) to the Box cloud (/home/me/Cloud/Box/Music) via the davfs mount. I always get a lot of errors of this form:               rsync: mkstemp <filename> failed: Invalid argument (22)      A specific example is:               rsync: mkstemp "/home/me/Cloud/Box/Music/VariousArtists/.01_Track_1.mp3.YVmFI9" failed: Invalid argument (22)      This is all happening on Kubuntu 12.04 LTS 64 bit, server grade hardware, with a fast/reliable cable modem connection (12 Mb/s upload speeds).


title: Fedora 16 dependency hell

text: There's a package `libvpx-0.9.7` which is required by empathy application. Now I want to install another application which requires `libvpx-1.0`... Update is not allowed because some applications depend on the old version. What's the solution to this situation?


title: Cleanly reinstalling an application

text: I am currently having problems with Hulu desktop, and want to reinstall it. However, when I attempt to uninstall and reinstall it, it saves my previous settings (even my username and password). How can I get it to completely uninstall and reinstall, so that it doesn't remember any previous settings? A general solution would be nice, in case I ever run into a similar problem.


title: How to make a GRUB Rescue Disc?

text: I am afraid that my GRUB is corrupted (I do a lot of experiments on my PC) and I know that I will not be able to reinstall Debian (downloading takes up a lot of time). Also, I am just 13 so I don't know much about it. I want to make a GRUB rescue USB (CD drive doesn't work). Could anyone tell me how to do it?


title: variable expansion within command substitution over SSH bash 4.X

text: I want to do this `ssh ${w100user}@web100 'ls -l "$(grep "${1}" /etc/pure- ftpd/pureftpd.passwd|cut -d':' -f6)"'` Which obviously performs an ssh session to server web100 as w100user and then greps for the script's first argument "$1" in the file pureftp.passwd, grabbing the 6th field which should be that user's home directory and will then list the contents with a long listing of that user's home directory. I can't seem to get $1 to expand properly before in the command substitution over SSH. I tried multiple quoting methods including '$( "$1" command...)' and at this point it's just guessing.


title: samba "username map" stopped to work

text: It was time to upgrade our group server (new HDs, problems with old installation of DRBD, etc..). Going as usually for _CentOS_ i upgraded whole system from 6.3 to 6.4 The later one came with _samba 3.6_ as the old one was _3.5_. I transferred most of users by copying `/etc/password`, `/etc/shadow` and samba accounts with `pdbedit`. Homes were on nfs-drive. The translation of unix accounts to samba accounts are located in `/etc/samba/smbusers`. Strangely enough on some windows clients there was problem to connect to samba-shares. In one case the only thing that worked was, instead of giving windows name, to use the unix account. In another one, it was possible to mount network drive and to open it in Windows Explorer, however other applications like "Total commander" at the attempt of opening this drive gave the message "Cannot connect to z:" (sometimes at this moment user/pass were requested). The `smb.conf` has following entries:               [global]             security = user             passdb backend = tdbsam             username map = /etc/samba/smbusers     ...     [Kris]                                         comment = Kris's Private                path = /SMB/Users/Kris                 writeable = yes                                read only = no             browseable = yes                                users =  krisr             printable = no                                 security mask = 0777                           force security mode = 0                        directory security mask = 0777                 force directory security mode = 0              force create mode = 0775                       force directory mode = 6775       The `smbusers`:               # Unix_name = SMB_name1 SMB_name2 ...     krisr = Kris      Of course `testparm` runs without any errors. I was used from _samba 3.5_ to outputs of form `Mapped user kris to krisr`. Nothing like this happens now. Just message `check_sam_security: Couldn't find user Kris in passdb`. I read on web that some guys had problem with 3.6 and `security = ADS`, but these were not helpful for me. I'm seriously thinking about downgrading back to samba 3.5 but before this step I wanted to ask if somebody knows the solution of these problems. p.s. i've asked this question at serverfault but no answer came. Maybe I have more luck with this forum. Sorry for duplicate if any of you reads both.


title: What is the website for `say` program?

text: Embarrassing, but after system upgrade `say` vanished from it -- either it is no longer provided by the distro, or I installed it independently before (but I don't remember how and where from). The problem is `say` word is so ubiquitous word, that google search is useless when looking for it. _For the record`say` is quite old now program, that can either pronounce the given text or convert it to SAMPA representation. There are probably alternatives (like espeak) but I **have to** get `say`._ So... anyone remembers/knows what is the website of `say`? **Update** : finally I found it. It is from rsynth package written by Nick Ing-Simmons.


title: Why does bash have a HISTCONTROL=ignorespace option?

text: Or to phrase it differently, why would you want to prevent commands from being written to the bash history? (Inspired by a related question.)


title: GLIBCXX 3.4.15 on Centos 6

text: I need to install GLIBCXX 3.4.15 on my Centos 6 version (to run a server for a game on Steam). I've googled around and had several websites where they installed programs where the error appeared where it said that 3.4.15 was needed (`LoadLibrary ERROR: /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6: version 'GLIBCXX_3.4.15' not found`), but they just used a way to bypass it/not install it. When I did `strings /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX`, this was the output:               GLIBCXX_3.4     GLIBCXX_3.4.1     GLIBCXX_3.4.2     GLIBCXX_3.4.3     GLIBCXX_3.4.4     GLIBCXX_3.4.5     GLIBCXX_3.4.6     GLIBCXX_3.4.7     GLIBCXX_3.4.8     GLIBCXX_3.4.9     GLIBCXX_3.4.10     GLIBCXX_3.4.11     GLIBCXX_3.4.12     GLIBCXX_3.4.13     GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW     GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH      So, how would I directly install GLIBCXX 3.4.15 on Centos 6?


title: RSS(resident set size) is differ when use pmap and ps command

text: $ pmap -x 10400     10400:   ./a.out     Address           Kbytes     RSS   Dirty Mode   Mapping     0000000000400000       0       0       0 r-x--  a.out     0000000000600000       0       4       4 r----  a.out     0000000000601000       0       4       4 rw---  a.out     00007f957085f000       0       4       0 r-x--  libc-2.15.so     00007f9570a12000       0       0       0 -----  libc-2.15.so     00007f9570c11000       0      16      16 r----  libc-2.15.so     00007f9570c15000       0       8       8 rw---  libc-2.15.so     00007f9570c17000       0       8       8 rw---    [ anon ]     00007f9570c1c000       0       0       0 r-x--  ld-2.15.so     00007f9570e1f000       0      12      12 rw---    [ anon ]     00007f9570e3c000       0       8       8 rw---    [ anon ]     00007f9570e3e000       0       4       4 r----  ld-2.15.so     00007f9570e3f000       0       8       8 rw---  ld-2.15.so     00007fff18a6d000       0      12      12 rw---    [ stack ]     00007fff18bff000       0       4       0 r-x--    [ anon ]     ffffffffff600000       0       0       0 r-x--    [ anon ]     ----------------  ------  ------  ------     total kB            4148      92      84       RSS is 92                     $ ps -o rss,sz,vsz 10400       RSS    SZ    VSZ        80  1037   4148      ` RSS is 80 why and what happened ?


title: Would my downloaded Ubuntu, require an Internet Conncetion?

text: So I download a setup of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS of about 600 MB (don't remember the actual size) and burned it on a USB using unetbootin. So, Is that Ubuntu, the Offline Installer? As I cant run online installer as I have a Broadband with a speed of 256 kbps.


title: Compiling Linux and Creating Bootable ISO Image

text: I have already compiled Linux kernel 3.12.6 but did not install it into `/boot` as I did not want my hard disk to have another OS. I have the compiled `bzImage` and I don't know how to take that and create a bootable ISO. When I created my own OS, I used `grub-mkrescue -o` to create a grub-bootable ISO, however, Linux is **way** more complicated, so I am not sure how to do it. My objective is to test the `.iso` in an emulator (`qemu`) and not on actual CD/DVD (at least not for now)


title: transfer file to remote host and append to file if existing

text: I have a command-line program that continuously generates output on the shell. I would like to be able to transfer the output to another unix host for which I know IP, username and password. Since the program does not terminate, I would also like to continuously update the file, without removing the previous output. Is there a way to do it from command line?


title: How to check if bash can print colors

text: I want to know if there's any way to check if my program can output terminal output using colors or not. Running commands like `less` and looking at the output from a program that outputs using colors, the output is displayed wrong, like `[ESC[0;32m0.052ESC[0m ESC[1;32m2,816.00 kbESC[0m]` Thanks


title: Make Install Linux Kernel Location Change

text: I have already run `make` to compile the Linux Kernel 3.12.6, but when I run `make install`, I don't want it to install it in `/boot` (as I don't want another OS on the hard disk). How can I change it so it installs somewhere else? My intentions are to create an `iso image` (not to install Linux on my hard disk for boot) to test in an emulator.


title: Granting Access to Computer Accounts on Samba Shares

text: I have a Synology NAS that uses Samba 3.6.9. I also have a Windows Domain Controller (Server 2012 R2) that I'm using Windows Server Backup on to backup the System State to the Synology NAS. When using SMB1, I have no issues, however, when using SMB2, I run into the following:               smbd/service.c:636: [2014/01/04 14:56:11.044645, all 2, pid=20301] create_connection_session_info     user 'NAUPLIUS\dc01$' (from session setup) not permitted to access this share (Backup)     smbd/service.c:847: [2014/01/04 14:56:11.045532, all 1, pid=20301] make_connection_snum     create_connection_session_info failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED     smbd/service.c:1453: [2014/01/04 14:56:20.283879, all 1, pid=20301] close_cnum     DC01 (10.10.20.8) closed connection to service Backup     smbd/connection.c:35: [2014/01/04 14:56:20.284802, all 3, pid=20301] yield_connection     Yielding connection to Backup     smbd/smb2_server.c:3120: [2014/01/04 14:56:20.289760, all 2, pid=20301] smbd_smb2_request_incoming     smbd_smb2_request_incoming: client read error NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_RESET     smbd/server_exit.c:181: [2014/01/04 14:56:20.293909, all 3, pid=20301] exit_server_common     Server exit (NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_RESET)      As you can see, Windows Server Backup in this case is attempting to access the share with the Computer Account. Now, if this was a Windows Server, Computer accounts can be added to a Windows Share just as easily as a User account. From what I gather, that is not the case with Samba. Can someone correct me if I'm wrong, is it possible to add a Domain Computer account to the Samba Share permissions? One thing to note is I did add "NAUPLIUS\Domain Controllers" (which DC01 is a member of), but that does not appear to have resolved the issue. The NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED errors continue.


title: Does IO prioritise by the very nature of renicing a task?

text: The CFQ IO scheduler supports priorities though I am not sure that Deadline does (I believe not). The premise is that when I renice a task it gets a larger share of CPU under the Completely Fair Scheduler. Since this task is likely to run more often it would call for IO more often as well when needed, correct? I am wondering if even though the IO scheduler does not support priorities that the task would get more/less IO when reniced? Or is the disk/memory management completely separate?


title: Is this a so-called "Hybrid" Mac Partition table, and how can I mount this in Linux?

text: I would like to better understand what is on this hard disk, and how I can mount it into Linux (specifically Debian GNU/Linux, Stable): It was created on a Powerbook g4 "alu book" with the default program, and used as a backup drive. Now I'm trying to rescue it or at least just use `dd` to save images of the partitions _where the data actually is_ **(where?)**. It has been mounted a few times in old macs, but doesn't always, and should have a single partition with a handful of files in it. I was thinking to use `dd` to blow away the appropriate bytes; will this let me mount it like a standard GPT uefi drive? Data speaks: ## First 2 blocks Here is what the first 2 512-byte-blocks look like, dumped out into Bash               ER���@x$����"��PM?AppleApple_partition_      ## Manual mount Trying to mount individual pieces of this partition, is not what I want to do; I want to mount the entire drive, like it would read on a mac. I don't understand where the files are, and why there are 15-16 partitions instead of one! ## Output from 'Analyse' option on `testdisk`               Disk /dev/sdb - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19457 255 63          Partition               Start        End    Size in sectors      P HFS                       262208  148499399  148237192      P HFS                    148499400  148523975      24576      P HFS                    148786120  212717799   63931680      P HFS                    212979944  271039599   58059656      P HFS                    271301744  312581791   41280048      and here are the preceeding partitions according to `testdisk` initial info:               1 P partition_map                  1         63         63                      2 P Driver43                      64        119         56     3 P Driver43                     120        175         56     4 P Driver_ATA                   176        231         56     5 P Driver_ATA                   232        287         56     6 P FWDriver                     288        799        512     7 P Driver_IOKit                 800       1311        512     8 P Patches                     1312       1823        512     9 P Free                        1824     263967     262144     10 P HFS                       263968 ...      ## parted:               (parted) unit b                                                                (parted) p                                                                     Model: ST916082 3AS (scsi)     Disk /dev/sdb: 160041885696B     Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B     Partition Table: mac          Number  Start          End            Size          File system  Name                      Flags      1      512B           32767B         32256B                     Apple      2      32768B         61439B         28672B                     Macintosh      3      61440B         90111B         28672B                     Macintosh      4      90112B         118783B        28672B                     Macintosh      5      118784B        147455B        28672B                     Macintosh      6      147456B        409599B        262144B                    Macintosh      7      409600B        671743B        262144B                    Macintosh      8      671744B        933887B        262144B                    Patch Partition     10      135151616B     91240419327B   91105267712B  hfs+         Apple_HFS_Untitled_1     11      91240419328B   91777290239B   536870912B    hfs+         Apple_HFS_Untitled_2     13      91911507968B   113693339647B  21781831680B  hfs+         Apple_HFS_Untitled_3     14      113693339648B  113727942655B  34603008B     hfs+         Apple_HFS_Untitled_4     16      113862160384B  160041877503B  46179717120B  hfs+         Apple_HFS_Untitled_5


title: ELF shared libraries - motivation for the PLT

text: Could self-modifying code be used to speed up function calling in dynamically linked libraries? As far as I understand it, ELF shared libraries use a kind of indirect jump table (the procedure linkage table, or PLT) to enable lazy binding of library functions. The purpose seems to be to avoid having to modify the table in the code segment while still enabling lazy resolution of function positions at the first call. Wouldn't it be faster to dynamically create the code for that table at load time, or possibly even at the first function call? Is it to enable sharing of the code segment between processes as much as possible (a dynamic table would be private to a process)? Is it for security reasons (writable code shouldn't be executable \- but JITs do that all the time, and the write permission could be added and removed by the loader before actually starting the program)? Or is it a combination of those, and the small performance gain per function call just wouldn't be worth the effort?


title: slitaz cooking grub2 loopback

text: I'm trying to get slitaz cooking ISO to boot using a grub2 loopback on a multiboot USB;               # /boot/grub/grub.cfg     insmod font     if loadfont /boot/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then         insmod efi_gop         insmod efi_uga          insmod gfxterm         insmod vbe         insmod vga         set gfxmode=auto         set gfxpayload=auto         terminal_output gfxterm          if terminal_output gfxterm; then true ; else             terminal gfxterm         fi     fi          menuentry "Slitaz Cooking" {         set isofile="/boot/slitaz-cooking.iso"         loopback loop $isofile         linux (loop)/boot/bzImage lang=en kmap=us isofrom=$isofile boot=live noeject noprompt root=/dev/null         initrd (loop)/boot/rootfs.gz     }      tried with `screen=text` and `screen=1024x768x24` kernel options but it never gets to a useable gui/terminal


title: Why did SDF switch from NetBSD to Linux?

text: I personally don't have much experience, but I was reading about SDF, and at one point the article mentions that SDF migrated to Linux in 1997, but due to the large number of malicious attacks it switched to NetBSD in 2001. What specific features of NetBSD kept SDF safer from malicious attacks than Linux?


title: CUPS - install once, use another printer (of the same model) without re-configuring problem

text: For example I have "HP 1020 LaserJet" local USB printer successfully installed on a CUPS. It uses one connection. If I get another HP 1020 LaserJet printer it wouldn't print, I am having to modify the printer and change it's connection. Why? How can I avoid this? I know that it's illogical to use the same type printer on the same computer, but that's my environment. How to make CUPS to use the same Connection for all printers of the same type, model, manufacturer etc.? Thank you!!! **EDIT:** I have found out that it's not possible through the configs or any other standard ways. The only way is to find a nice workaround.


title: Kernel panic on "apt-get upgrade" with DWA-160

text: I'm running on a minimal Ubuntu server 12.04.3 install and I installed a d-link DWA-160 usb wifi adapter as per the instructions shown in this page. After successfully connecting using these instructions (I basically ping google to confirm that I'm connected), I try to run apt-get update but end up getting what appears to be a kernel panic every time I do. The connection does not seem stable during the update process. For instance, as I'm typing this I've tried again and it seems stuck at :               9% [4 Release 3,980B/49.6 kB 8%]     [Waiting for headers]     [Waiting for headers]      I usually get a kernel panic shortly thereafter. I'll try to provide info as needed.


title: Why won't my xmodmap command run on startup/login?

text: I want to run this command every time I log in (or every time I start up, if that doesn't work): `xmodmap -e 'keysym Delete = Menu' -e 'keysym Menu = Delete'` I've tried many things. I put the command in `System > Preferences > Startup Applications`. I put it in a `.sh` file, marked it `chmod +x` and put that file in `System > Preferences > Startup Applications`. I put the script in `/etc/init.d`. I put the commands in `~/.profile`. Nothing seems to work. Finally, I put this in my `~/.profile`:               touch test1     xmodmap -e 'keysym Delete = Menu' -e 'keysym Menu = Delete'     touch test2      Both test1 and test2 get created, but the keys are still not remapped. If I just copy/paste the command and run it manually, it works fine. But it won't run on login. Any ideas?


title: Is it possible to import vmail folder from old iRedMail to new iRedMail installation?

text: Basically, what I did:   1. Copied vmail folder to my local machine.    2. Reinstalled my VPS.   3. Installed iRedMail again.   4. Created same users on the same domain. Question is - can I somehow copy over my old vmail folder in new one to import the old emails ? Ubuntu 12.04, iRedMail 0.8.5 on postgresql. Previous installation was on MySQL, I have full database backup. I do not know what info to give more, surely ask for any other.


title: add to end of line with pattern matched

text: inputs:               line1 with the PATTERN that contains ( )      line2 with the PATTERN that contains ( )      lineN with the PATTERN that contains ( )       outputs:               line1 with the PATTERN that contains ( ) ;     line2 with the PATTERN that contains ( ) ;     ...     lineN with the PATTERN that contains ( ) ;      I tried this:               find . -name "test.txt" -print | xargs sed -i "/PATTERN/ s/$)/); /g"      but it didn't work.


title: How do I see what logical volumes are on a physical volume?

text: I have a volume group composed of dissimilar drives - an HDD and an SSD. I'd like certain LVs to live on the SSD. I can suggest this to `lvcreate` when creating new LVs, and I can move things around with `pvmove`, but how do I see what the current state is?


title: Splitting RGB raw file into 3 files, one for each channel?

text: I need to convert an RGB raw file into 3 files containing each the red, green and blue channel. I have not been able to find a UNIX command line to help me with this task.


title: How to know what to grep for in dmesg?

text: I recently had some trouble with a wireless card, and an online forum suggested searching `dmesg` with `grep firmware`. That helped, I was able to find the problem immediately! However, the previous hour was spent looking at `dmesg` and I couldn't identify anything relevant due to the overwhelming quantity of information! **How does on know what to grep for in dmesg?** Sure, this was a hardware issue but I myself would never have thought to grep for the string "firmware". For someone _not_ intimately familiar with the output of `dmesg`, how might I make some educated guesses about what to grep for?


title: Chrome loses Compose sequences whose last character uses Shift

text: In Chrome 35.0.1916.153 or 36.0.1985.125, sometimes, my `Compose` key partially doesn't work. As far as I can tell, combinations whose last character uses the `Shift` key that don't work. For example, `'e`→`é` and `/=`→`≠` work but not `'E`→`É` or `->`→`→`. In this post, when I say that a combination doesn't work, I mean that nothing happens when I press it; for example, pressing `a` `Compose` `'` `e` `b` inserts `ab`. In my running instance, if I type `Compose` `'` `e`, this inserts the character `é`, as it should be. But if I type `Compose` `'` `Shift`+`e`, nothing happens. The same goes in an incognito window that I already have open. However, if I open a new incognito window in that instance, `Compose` `'` `Shift`+`e` inserts `É` as it should at first, but as soon as I open a web page, combinations ending in a shifted key stop working. The same goes with another user account with a fresh profile: `'E`→`É` only works until I load a web page. This problem didn't start today. I don't remember if it started when I upgraded from Chrome 34.x (stable) to Chrome 35.x (stable), but it started around that time. I normally have the environment variable `GTK_IM_MODULE=xim`, because I don't want Gtk applications to use an input method different from standard X applications. Removing this variable for Chrome seems to make `Compose` work normally. What is the effect of `GTK_IM_MODULE` on Chrome? How do I get it to reliably use the X11 input method?


title: Command to see the size of Harddrive in Debian?

text: It is perhaps `/proc` or something else. So how can I for sure know which harddrive I am using Debian?


title: mount with cifs fails but destination is still accessible with sftp

text: I had remote backup space mounted to my machine (Hetzner extra backup space for dedicated server). It was mounted with cifs. After restart I found that the mounted folder not accessible. `ls -l`:               ?---------   ? ?    ?        ?            ? backup     drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Nov 15  2011 bin      Where backup is a mounted folder. I am able to `umount` it and after trying:               mount /backup      `mount` fails with timeout error. I have `/etc/fstab` entry for `/backup` folder:               //<user>.your-backup.de/backup  /backup cifs user=<user>,password=<password> 0 0      If I try to connect with the same credentials via `sftp`, I succeed and have no problems. Is there any way to debug mount to see what goes wrong?


title: Faster alternatives to lsof

text: I want to extract the process id of a certain process in order to shut it down. The process is a local web server using a certain port (localhost:3000), and I am currently doing it like this to extract the relevant line:               lsof|grep localhost:3000      but the `lsof` command is too slow. Is there a faster way to extract the process id?


title: Pasting from clipboard to vi-enabled zsh or bash shell

text: I'd like to be able to paste from the system clipboard (or text selection) into my "vi-like" shell prompt using the keyboard. I normally use zsh and sometimes bash. In both cases, I have the shell set up with vi-like behaviour (`bindkey -v` / `set -o vi`). In vim, the behaviour I'm looking for is available with the key sequence `"+p`. This particular key sequence doesn't work as expected in a vi-enabled shell prompt, though. Is there any way to either enable this or a similar behaviour, using keyboard only, while remaining with vi-like keybindings in a zsh or bash shell prompt? \-- edit -- Usage case: I often navigate between Firefox with the Pentadactyl addon, a terminal emulator and vim itself - using the Xmonad window manager with custom keys to move around. All three programs have vi-like keybindings, which is very efficient (for "finger memory") so it would be ideal communicate text between them using vim syntax (or a very similar syntax) only.


title: 'mysql' user and group creation, ownership settings

text: I know what the linux command `chown` does, I used it to change the ownership or group of a file. If there is a **MySQL** installation on a **Ubuntu** machine, I saw some people doing the following thing:               sudo chown mysql:mysql /data/tmp      I get confused, I know the meaning of the above command, which is to change the owner of `/data/tmp` to user '`mysql`' and change the group of it to '`mysql`' group. But: **1.** Why would one run the above command?   **2.** Where do the 'mysql' owner and group come from? Does the installation of MySQL on a Linux machine automatically create the 'mysql' user and group?


title: Delete an array in awk

text: In awk, I can clear an array with a loop, making it an empty array, which is equivalent to deleting it.               for (key in array) delete array[key];      Is there a simpler way? Can I completely delete an array, so that the variable name can be re-used for a scalar?


title: NetworkManager on Fedora 15 can't find frequently used wireless network

text: NetworkManager has refused to find the wireless network I always connect to. It sees other wireless networks except the one which I need. In recent past occasions, I've had to delete the wireless network and restart my system, and it worked. But those steps have not been helpful today. Has anyone experienced this before? I'm running Fedora 15 on a Dell Inspiron 1525.


title: OOM Killer - killed MySQL server

text: On one of our MySQL master, OOM Killer got invoked and killed MySQL server which lead to big outage. Following is the kernel log:               [2006013.230723] mysqld invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x201da, order=0, oom_adj=0     [2006013.230733] Pid: 1319, comm: mysqld Tainted: P           2.6.32-5-amd64 #1     [2006013.230735] Call Trace:     [2006013.230744]  [<ffffffff810b6708>] ? oom_kill_process+0x7f/0x23f     [2006013.230750]  [<ffffffff8106bde2>] ? timekeeping_get_ns+0xe/0x2e     [2006013.230754]  [<ffffffff810b6c2c>] ? __out_of_memory+0x12a/0x141     [2006013.230757]  [<ffffffff810b6d83>] ? out_of_memory+0x140/0x172     [2006013.230762]  [<ffffffff810baae8>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x4ec/0x5fc     [2006013.230768]  [<ffffffff812fca02>] ? io_schedule+0x93/0xb7     [2006013.230773]  [<ffffffff810bc051>] ? __do_page_cache_readahead+0x9b/0x1b4     [2006013.230778]  [<ffffffff810652f8>] ? wake_bit_function+0x0/0x23     [2006013.230782]  [<ffffffff810bc186>] ? ra_submit+0x1c/0x20     [2006013.230785]  [<ffffffff810b4e53>] ? filemap_fault+0x17d/0x2f6     [2006013.230790]  [<ffffffff810cae1e>] ? __do_fault+0x54/0x3c3     [2006013.230794]  [<ffffffff812fce29>] ? __wait_on_bit_lock+0x76/0x84     [2006013.230798]  [<ffffffff810cd172>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x3b8/0x80f     [2006013.230803]  [<ffffffff8103a9a0>] ? pick_next_task+0x21/0x3c     [2006013.230808]  [<ffffffff810168ba>] ? sched_clock+0x5/0x8     [2006013.230813]  [<ffffffff81300186>] ? do_page_fault+0x2e0/0x2fc     [2006013.230817]  [<ffffffff812fe025>] ? page_fault+0x25/0x30      This machine has 64GB RAM. Following are the mysql config variables:               innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 48G     innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 512M     innodb_log_buffer_size         = 64M      Except some of the nagios plugins and metric collection scripts, nothing else runs on this machine. Can someone help me to find out why OOM killer got invoked and how can i prevent it to get invoked in future. Is there any way I can tell OOM killer not to kill mysql server. I know we can set `oom_adj` value to very less for a process to prevent it from getting killed by OOM killer. But is there any other way to prevent this.


title: How can I install Texas Instrument's dvsdk?

text: How can I install a file that doesn't even have a file extention? I followed the instructions, but I failed... Also apt doesn't do anything. Here is the link to the file and the installation process: http://software- dl.ti.com/dsps/dsps_public_sw/sdo_sb/targetcontent/dvsdk/DVSDK_4_00/latest/index_FDS.html (I'm running the latest Ubuntu)


title: System programming: How to gather info?

text: According to this question, a good way to learn system programming would be to implement the existing tools. I decided to try to rewrite `ls` and `ps`. My question is how would one proceed to get documentation for such?   * Where can I find the API of system calls needed to query the kernel, the file system, etc ...   * I thought that maybe I could take a look at the source code of the GNU tools. Where can I find it?   * Are there any (hopefully freely available online) good documentation you guys would recommend as to where to start?


title: Can I access X11's clipboard from tty1-6?

text: Sometimes, when I'm running on battery and don't need a window manager, I'll log into tty1, fire up fbterm and Vim and work. Later, if I need the window manager, I'll use the log in GUI but switch between them as required. The only issue I have with this, is when copying and pasting. If I'm running Vim in a terminal emulator, I can copy from a browser and paste into vim using `"``*``p`. When I'm running it in tty0, I can't (for obvious reasons, I guess). Is there a way I could share between them. For instance, automatically dumping the clipboard contents―when it changes―to a file and then using a macro to insert the contents into the current Vim buffer?


title: How to generate 4 WEP keys with linux commands?

text: I have a sagem router. this router is able to generate 4 WEP keys from a given passphrase. Example: > Passphrase: > "hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha" > > key1: **b583bc6804d5c1d7fc2ae46972** > > key2: d0494a8087e8d742e9e93cf2f5 > > key3: f0c5af9a3ab7e54337767db1a9 > > key4: 7e95d22229dacb8f09c9bbd1d7 I m wondering how it can generate 4 keys. I can use md5sum to generate 1 key like this: > $ echo -n "hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha" > | md5sum > > **b583bc6804d5c1d7fc2ae46972** 842868 Are there a way to generate the 4 keys and not only one key with linux command?


title: Adding prefixes/suffixes to file names without typing it all over again?

text: I would like to do something like the following               $ tmp=name*     $ mv $tmp new_$tmp     $ ls new_*     $ new_name-with-stuff-i-dont-want-to-type name-with-stuff-i-dont-want-to-type      Setting the environment variable seems to work               $ $tmp     $ name-with-stuff-i-dont-want-to-type      But not when I do the `mv`               $ mv $tmp new_$tmp     $ ls new_*     $ new_name*      Question: Is there a clever easy way of doing this to save some typing?


title: Arch Linux gets stuck on boot

text: I followed the Arch Linux Beginners' Guide up to the section Unmount the partitions and reboot.   After rebooting (I use grub as bootloader) without the `quiet` parameter, I get the following output: ![After boot](http://i.stack.imgur.com/e65UB.jpg) At this point Arch is stuck. The computer is an Acer Aspire One D270. Anybody got an idea what the problem is?


title: How does file descriptor re-assigment work?

text: In a way this question is a extension of another question. In bash you can do pretty neat stuff with file descriptors. Like               { command > /dev/null } 2>&1 | grep filter;      to grep on **stderr** only. My Question[s]:   * How many levels of descriptors are there. ( How high can the "numbers" go) ?   * Appart from `1` and `2` ( which are **stdout** and **stderr** ), what is the meaning and general use of those other "numbers"?   * Is the order in which they are specified important?   e.g. `command 1>&2 3>&1 2>&3` versus `command 2>&3 3>&1 1>&2`


title: File type based indentation in Kate

text: So after quite a lot of searching and frustration I'm here to ask how to do one of the most basic (or so I thought) things in a modern text editor. I want to set a different indentation for different files types. I almost all the time edit `javascript`+`HTML/XML`+`python` together, and cannot have a fixed `4-spaces` or `2-spaces` indentation. I tried setting the indentation mode for different files. However, I cannot find a way to change the number of spaces to indent for each mode. In `Settings->Configure Kate->Editing->Indentation`, I can set the `Default Indentation Mode` and select the number of spaces to indent. But there's no way to change the **number of spaces to indent** for each mode. ### Temporary solution: add,               <!-- kate: indent-width 2; -->      at the beginning of every XML file. Which is quite annoying. * * * Obviously I want to know if there's a easier way to do it, but if there's no way to do it from the UI, I would love if someone can help me cook up a solution. I found this bug report (filed 5years ago), where the person mentions something like > The current workaround is to type "kate: indent-mode " into Variables under > filetype properties. I don't know where to find this `filetype properties` :/ or even if it exists.


title: back-up database in Linux partition from windows partition!

text: Hello I am in a very embarrassing situation, I was trying to upgrade to ubuntu 10.04 from ubuntu 9.10 yesterday and while updating I forgot to put my laptop on charger and the battery ran out. Since we know that there is no track back process in linux, all I get now is a blank terminal screen at the start up. Even if I login, I still am stuck on that blank screen. So the only way I see is to, format and reinstall my windows and linux instances. So before I format it, I am trying to save all my data that is in the linux partition. I am using ext2explore to save all my files. I wanted to know if there was any possible way to export a database or a few tables into a file from my windows partition?? I need to back up my database in the linux partition using my windows partition!!


title: System call tracing

text: I am working on system call tracing for host based IDS, i need to trace a process as soon as it entered in the system (a new entry in `/proc`). Is there any interrupt or signal or kernel datastructure from where this information can be extracted.


title: Different "history" command output after reconnecting via SSH

text: Why do I get different results for the "history" command for the same user after I reconnect a disconnected SSH session?   * I connect to a server using putty (SSH), say as root   * My network gets disconnected   * I reconnect my putty session   * When I hit my up arrow key to re-run the last used command, it shows a different command I am guessing this is due to getting reconnected to a different pts. Am I right?


title: Would it be possible to jump between prev/next command prompts?

text: I'm using zsh in OS X Terminal.app and for quite a while, I've been longing for a way to jump back and forth between prev/next prompts in the terminal's output. One convenience with this would be to be able to review (and track errors at) the end of each command's output; eg. when you building stuff from source with ./configure; make; make install. Note: I'm obviously not referring to jumping back and forth in the command-history, but for a way to take a peek at the endings of each command's output. Has anyone heard of such functionality in the *nix (preferrably also Mac) world? Would it require some sort of OS-centric Terminal plugin, or can it be programmatically done via a shell script which can be tied to a keyboard shortcut? Maybe I'm the only one thinking about this? :)


title: making ssh hosts global to all the users on the computer

text: So **SSH** has these files that configure settings for a specific user.               ~/.ssh/authorized_keys     ~/.ssh/config     ~/.ssh/id_rsa     ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub     ~/.ssh/known_hosts      I'd like to globalise some of these files, like `config` and `known_hosts`. So that other users ( including **root** ) could share the configured hosts. What would be the best way to do this?


title: Turn off notifications under Scientific-linux 6.1

text: Besides:               chmod -x /usr/libexec/notification-daemon     reboot      are there any solutions to turn off permanently all the annoying notification messages?


title: How to run Steam from the Xfce desktop?

text: I've installed Steam on Debian 7.0 without any hassle, and I can run it by typing `steam &`. I've set it as a desktop launcher in Xfce, but when I ran it, nothing happened. Then I've check the "Run in terminal" option, and saw that it printed error messages about `GLIBC_2.5` missing, which I had previously installed in order to get Steam to work. I suspected that it probably needs my environment variables, and that Xfce isn't running it as "me" (why?). After that, I've created a `runsteam` script and linked the desktop launcher to it. The script tried to execute my `.bashrc` to get the environment variables, but it had its permission denied. I've set the variables in `runsteam` myself (copied from `.bashrc`), but the terminal window simply flashes and exits before I can see anything. These are the relevant contents of my `.bashrc`:               PATH=$PATH:/home/name/bin/     STEAMLIBS=${HOME}/steamlib     LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${STEAMLIBS}          export STEAMLIBS     export LD_LIBRARY_PATH      How can I run Steam from my Xfce desktop?


title: Is it a bad idea to disable portreserve?

text: chkconfig portreserve off      So that portreserve will not run at next boot. Can any bad things happen? I mean I think it's better to use "KISS" so that minimal applications will listen on 0.0.0.0.


title: Aliasing 'python' to 'ipython' only when 'python' is run without args

text: I thought it would be nice to have an alias (in ~/.zshrc) to have 'python' aliased to 'ipython' ONLY when 'python' is run without args (otherwise, programs won't launch). First of all, how to express "without args" in an alias? Secondly, what do you think about it?


title: Unable to rename a RAID device: stuck with /dev/md126

text: I had a fully working server.   I booted with SystemRescueCD, without writing anything. I didn't even mounted a partition. Then rebooted the server.   The server no longer boot correctly because some partitions don't mount. I see this is because the RAID partitions are not named as before.   /dev/md1 became /dev/md126   and /dev/md2 became /dev/127 I know how to rename a md device:               mdadm --stop /dev/126     mdadm --assemble --verbose --update=super-minor /dev/md1 /dev/sda6 /dev/sdb6     mount /dev/md1 /mnt/     echo 'dummy' > /mnt/dummy   # to be sure the kernel updates the superblock. See manpage      After that, the md1 device is okay... until I reboot.   After reboot it is returned to /dev/md126 Question 1: what's the magic behind the fact SystemRescueCD changed that ?   Question 2: what can I do to rename those md device as I want ?


title: Running Fedora20 on a sata drive connected to a usb

text: I want to install Fedora20 on a SATA drive connected via a USB cable. Eventually, it will be connected to the motherboard of the PC but until then only on the USB. I don't want to use the cutdown version of LiveCD on usb with persistent data for this reason. The existing PC has windows installed, I want the disk to be loaded according to the precedence set in the BIOS without any modifications to the MBR on the windows disk. So basically, I want to be able to remove the sata disk at any time and have the computer boot into windows as it does now, not GRUB menu etc. Is this possible? If so, how might I achieve this? There may be a better solution to this that I don't know about. For example, some way of starting a virtual machine with some sort of VirtualBox Boot CD or something. If there is a better solution I would like to know about it also but the major requirement is that I can't affect the existing windows disk.


title: How to capture the display screen before accessing the desktop?

text: To be able to use tools like gnome-screenshot or xfce4-screenshot one has to be logged in and with access to the desktop. But what about capturing previous screens? That would have to be done in the console. I do not imagine that the grub screen can be captured. But what about the next ones?   * **The login window** , the one for user and password ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/p2LTi.png) I have found some answers, like here. But I am in (Linux Mint 14) Xfce and I tried to replace `gdm` with `xdm` in the line               $ echo 'DISPLAY=:0 XAUTHORITY=/var/lib/gdm/:0.Xauth xwd -root' >/tmp/shot.sh      I get the error               no protocol specified     xwd: unable to open display ':0'        * **What about the following screen, to select the type of desktop?** ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/PEoVq.jpg)   * **And after that, the one to select between saved sessions?** (for which I could not find an image on the internet)


title: Send cron mails to root bundled every hour

text: Sometimes when there's a problem on my server, I get hundreds of emails in my root account which are caused by cron. I want to be notified about those problems but isn't there a way to bundle those mails and send them once an hour? Optimal would be if mail-subjects were analyzed and watched for new subjects within a timeframe of a day and **send mails with a new subject that day directly** , but following mails with a new subject bundled once an hour.


The following picture is snapped in a real Linux environment. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/bKvaC.png) Why can Linux show a file name containing character '/'?


title: Move to next flagged message in Mutt

text: Is it possible to move to the next flagged message in Mutt? In looking at the development manual, I wasn't able to see anything that would let me do this. I'm looking for something like `<next-new>`, but for skipping around to the next flagged message. If there's nothing like this in Mutt, can I fake it with macros?


title: How do I set up pulseaudio's RTP client to listen to a vlc RTP server?

text: Pulse audio provides the ability to load an rtp client which listens for SAP broadcasts,               pactl load-module module-rtp-recv      However, I can't get the combination or arguments right for `vlc` to announce on sap and stream to it. Could someone help take me through the process?


title: zpool status hangs forever

text: Openindiana oi_151a7. zpool with 15x 1TB raidz3 + 2x 8 disk 2TB raidz2. Many disk operations such as zpool status, creating a new iscsi volume (using sbdadm) etc hangs. Using iostat (-xne) I can determine that two block devices have errors, one is with high probability a cdrom, floppy or such, and the other is a 2TB disk (of one of the raidz2 vdevs the zpool consist of).               iostat -xne     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0 1344  22 1366 c10t32d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0  52 385 437 c9t5000C50057CEF65Fd0      The problem with "c9t5000C50057CEF65Fd0" is that it's not listed in 'format'. 'format' further lists all 16 2TB disks, while iostat lists 17. One of the 2TB disks was replaced 2-3 months ago so Im thinking it's possible that iostat still think it's present although its not. Let me point out that I know I have 16 2TB disks physically in the host, and 16 (as 2x8 disk raidz2) in vdevs. This is a node for backup, so while a reboot is definitely possible it would be very convenient to be able to investigate it further. Iostat and format in it's entirety:                                       extended device statistics       ---- errors ---      r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b s/w h/w trn tot device     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0  69   0  69 c5t0d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0   0   0   0 c4t0d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0   0   0   0 c4t1d0     5.0    0.0   80.1    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    3.4   0   2   0   0   0   0 c4t2d0     7.0    4.0  112.1   96.1  0.0  0.0    0.0    2.7   0   3   0   0   0   0 c4t3d0     13.0    5.0  208.1  184.1  0.0  0.1    0.0    3.0   0   5   0   0   0   0 c4t4d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD353d0     143.6  121.1  531.8  681.2  0.0  2.2    0.0    8.3   0  63   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD313d0     144.1  132.6  516.6  682.2  0.0  2.4    0.0    8.6   0  69   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD243d0     140.1  121.6  614.6  681.9  0.0  3.0    0.0   11.5   0  74   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD217d0     142.6  136.6  568.6  678.4  0.0  2.4    0.0    8.5   0  67   0   0   0   0  c7t50000393D8CAD2A7d0     143.1  149.1  539.1  680.9  0.0  2.3    0.0    7.9   0  69   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD32Bd0     150.1  118.1  571.1  683.2  0.0  2.7    0.0   10.0   0  71   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD29Bd0     143.1  111.6  502.6  679.4  0.0  2.2    0.0    8.7   0  62   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD1FBd0     146.1  156.1  539.1  679.2  0.0  2.4    0.0    7.8   0  69   0   0   0   0 c 7t50000393D8CAD24Bd0     146.1  136.6  533.8  680.7  0.0  2.4    0.0    8.5   0  67   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD25Bd0     143.1  129.6  529.1  679.9  0.0  2.1    0.0    7.8   0  60   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CABD2Fd0     149.1  123.6  511.6  682.9  0.0  2.5    0.0    9.3   0  73   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD35Fd0     142.6  140.6  540.6  680.4  0.0  2.4    0.0    8.3   0  69   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD3BFd0     143.6  112.6  555.4  683.4  0.0  2.8    0.0   10.8   0  70   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD34Fd0     140.1  143.6  514.1  680.9  0.0  2.5    0.0    8.9   0  71   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD33Fd0     138.6  137.6  624.9  682.4  0.0  2.3    0.0    8.4   0  70   0   0   0   0 c7t50000393D8CAD36Fd0     123.1  227.1  494.3 1304.1  0.0  1.3    0.0    3.8   0  35   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50056114317d0      54.0  122.6  336.2  426.5  0.0  0.3    0.0    1.5   0   8   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C500561161F3d0     51.0  104.1  319.7  427.3  0.0  0.5    0.0    3.2   0  12   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C5005611763Fd0     46.5  101.1  145.3  428.5  0.0  0.3    0.0    2.1   0   9   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50055FFF9EBd0     38.5  128.6  198.6  427.0  0.0  0.3    0.0    1.6   0   9   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50055FC6FD3d0     42.5   98.1  168.4  430.0  0.0  0.3    0.0    2.0   0  10   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50055FFC403d0     53.5  143.6  336.5  423.3  0.0  0.3    0.0    1.5   0   9   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C5005611431Fd0     52.0  143.6  330.2  419.5  0.0  0.3    0.0    1.4   0   8   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50056000BCBd0     36.0  148.6  270.4  426.5  0.0  0.2    0.0    1.2   0   7   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50055FC7BF7d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0   0   0   0 c4t5d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0 1344  22 1366 c10t32d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0   1  10  11 c10t33d0     108.6  257.2  642.4 1297.8  0.0  1.0    0.0    2.7   0  29   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50057CE4F2Bd0     116.1  238.7  620.1 1295.3  0.0  1.1    0.0    3.2   0  34   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50057CF51D7d0     0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0   0  52 385 437 c9t5000C50057CEF65Fd0     126.1  261.2  600.4 1294.3  0.0  1.0    0.0    2.5   0  32   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50057CE4ED7d0     119.6  238.2  653.7 1289.8  0.0  1.0    0.0    2.9   0  32   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50057CE50A7d0     112.1  220.6  484.6 1300.8  0.0  1.0    0.0    2.9   0  30   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50057CEF10Bd0     109.1  257.2  572.6 1294.6  0.0  1.1    0.0    3.0   0  31   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50057CE37DFd0     121.1  242.2  600.6 1293.8  0.0  1.1    0.0    3.0   0  33   0   0   0   0 c9t5000C50057CE4A6Bd0                  0. c4t0d0 <HP-LOGICALVOLUME-2.74 cyl 17841 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1e@d/pci103c,3245@0/sd@0,0        1. c4t1d0 <HP-LOGICALVOLUME-2.74 cyl 17841 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1e@d/pci103c,3245@0/sd@1,0        2. c4t2d0 <HP-LOGICALVOLUME-2.74 cyl 17841 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1e@d/pci103c,3245@0/sd@2,0        3. c4t3d0 <HP-LOGICAL VOLUME-2.74-68.33GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1e@d/pci103c,3245@0/sd@3,0        4. c4t4d0 <HP-LOGICAL VOLUME-2.74-68.33GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1e@d/pci103c,3245@0/sd@4,0        5. c4t5d0 <HP-LOGICAL VOLUME-2.74-68.33GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1e@d/pci103c,3245@0/sd@5,0        6. c7t50000393D8CABD2Fd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cabd2f,0        7. c7t50000393D8CAD1FBd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad1fb,0        8. c7t50000393D8CAD2A7d0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad2a7,0        9. c7t50000393D8CAD3BFd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad3bf,0       10. c7t50000393D8CAD24Bd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad24b,0       11. c7t50000393D8CAD25Bd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad25b,0       12. c7t50000393D8CAD29Bd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad29b,0       13. c7t50000393D8CAD32Bd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad32b,0       14. c7t50000393D8CAD33Fd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad33f,0       15. c7t50000393D8CAD34Fd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad34f,0       16. c7t50000393D8CAD35Fd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad35f,0       17. c7t50000393D8CAD36Fd0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad36f,0       18. c7t50000393D8CAD217d0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad217,0       19. c7t50000393D8CAD243d0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad243,0       20. c7t50000393D8CAD313d0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105-931.51GB>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad313,0       21. c7t50000393D8CAD353d0 <TOSHIBA-MK1001TRKB-0105 cyl 60798 alt 2 hd 255 sec 126>           /pci@0,0/pci1002,5a1f@b/pci10b5,8616@0/pci10b5,8616@5/pci1000,3080@0/iport@f0/disk@w50000393d8cad353,0       22. c9t5000C50055FC6FD3d0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50055fc6fd3       23. c9t5000C50055FC7BF7d0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50055fc7bf7       24. c9t5000C50055FFC403d0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50055ffc403       25. c9t5000C50055FFF9EBd0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50055fff9eb       26. c9t5000C50057CE4A6Bd0 <SEAGATE-ST2000NM0023-0003-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50057ce4a6b       27. c9t5000C50057CE4ED7d0 <SEAGATE-ST2000NM0023-0003-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50057ce4ed7       28. c9t5000C50057CE4F2Bd0 <SEAGATE-ST2000NM0023-0003-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50057ce4f2b       29. c9t5000C50057CE37DFd0 <SEAGATE-ST2000NM0023-0003-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50057ce37df       30. c9t5000C50057CE50A7d0 <SEAGATE-ST2000NM0023-0003-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50057ce50a7       31. c9t5000C50057CEF10Bd0 <SEAGATE-ST2000NM0023-0003-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50057cef10b       32. c9t5000C50057CF51D7d0 <SEAGATE-ST2000NM0023-0003-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50057cf51d7       33. c9t5000C50056000BCBd0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50056000bcb       34. c9t5000C500561161F3d0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c500561161f3       35. c9t5000C5005611763Fd0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c5005611763f       36. c9t5000C5005611431Fd0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c5005611431f       37. c9t5000C50056114317d0 <SEAGATE-ST32000645SS-0004-1.82TB>           /scsi_vhci/disk@g5000c50056114317       38. c10t32d0 <drive type unknown>           /iscsi/disk@0000iqn.1984-05.com.dell%3Apowervault.md3200i.6782bcb000311a0a000000004df9adc70001,0       39. c10t33d0 <drive type unknown>           /iscsi/disk@0000iqn.1984-05.com.dell%3Apowervault.md3200i.6782bcb000311a0a000000004df9adc70001,31


title: Counting the occurrences of the string

text: As input, we have some ids which are strings. How do we calculate what identifier has appeared most frequently and how many times? ### Example Input:               cat      dog      cat     dog     dog     dog      dog      fly     spider     spider     cat     cat      Output:               dog 5


title: SystemTap simple demo fails

text: Started learning SystemTap using RedHat's manual. Here is the example I'm trying to run. While executing `stap open.stp` I got the error:               [root@ror6ax ~]# stap open.stp     semantic error: while resolving probe point: identifier 'syscall' at open.stp:1:7             source: probe syscall.open                           ^          semantic error: no match     Pass 2: analysis failed.  [man error::pass2]      `open.stp` is as follows:               probe syscall.open     {       printf ("%s(%d) open\n", execname(), pid())     }      System is RHEL6.5, x86_64


title: Has my Debian installation disabled hibernate in Windows 7, on my dual booting machine?

text: Installing Debian on dual boot terms has disabled hibernate in Windows 7. The solution according to this thread is to make use of Grub's "makeactive" option. I don't understand. What is the poster suggesting I should do? I don't have to reinstall Grub do I? Can I just edit a config file or something? I've never had this problem before and I've made many Linux installations alongside Windows before while maintaining the hibernate function in Windows. Does anybody know why I lost it this time? System: Deb 6 testing 32 bit, dually running with Win 7 32 bit Pro Afterthought: one of the differences with this particular installation is I am not sure if GRUB was installed to the MBR or to the Linux partition. A) How would I check? and B) would reinstalling GRUB to the MBR if it is not already, restore hibernate on the Windows 7 side?


title: Find PHP process that logs to file

text: I have started a PHP script via browser and due to a loop error the script continues to be executed even after closing the browser. I am noticing it since the script is logging error messages to my logfile (path known). We have a Apache server where many developers work together and the user is `nmdev`. So how can I find out what process it the one running and logging to my logfile? `ps -afe | grep php53` gives me many processes of today like: `nmdev 26518 24151 0 11:51 ? 00:00:00 /opt/xxx/yyy/apache-php5/bin/httpd -k start`


title: Attach to tmux session and run a command

text: How I can run a command in Tmux when I'm attaching to a session ? I want attach and immediately run a command. I read the docs, but found only send keys, which not suits my needs.


title: How to resolve broken packages when upgrading: from Ubuntu 13.10 to 14.04

text: I am having an issues upgrading to 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) from 13.10 (Saucy Salamander), where I get a message `Could not calculate the upgrade`, and I believe it is due to my unofficial software packages. Can someone please suggest which packages I should resolve, and how to resolve these packages? My question is similar to this one here, but I need help in implementing the solution that resolves the packages. I already unchecked all packages under "other" in the `Software and Updates` menu while trying to upgrade through `Software Updater`. Running a `grep Broken /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log` showed me multiple packages, but I'm not sure which ones are broken and how to resolve them before upgrading. I suspect my configuration with Bumblebee and Nvidia Optimus has added some PPA's and other non-supported software. Here is my `grep Broken /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log` output:               Broken libqt5core5a:amd64 Breaks on libqt5core5 [ amd64 ] < 5.0.2+dfsg1-7ubuntu11.1 > ( libs ) (< 5.2.0+dfsg~)     Broken libharfbuzz0b:amd64 Conflicts on libharfbuzz0a [ amd64 ] < 0.9.19-1 > ( libs )     Broken cups-filters:amd64 Conflicts on foomatic-filters [ amd64 ] < 4.0.17-1ubuntu1 > ( universe/text )     Broken libboost1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libclutter-1.0-0:amd64 Breaks on libcogl12 [ amd64 ] < 1.14.0-2 > ( libs )     Broken unity-control-center:amd64 Conflicts on gnome-control-center-unity [ amd64 ] < 1.3+13.10.20131004-0ubuntu1 > ( gnome )     Broken libgoa-1.0-0b:amd64 Conflicts on libgoa-1.0-0 [ amd64 ] < 3.8.3-2 > ( libs )     Broken libtcl8.6:amd64 Conflicts on tcl8.6-lib [ amd64 ] < 8.6.0-1ubuntu1 > ( interpreters ) (< 8.6.0-2)     Broken unity-control-center-signon:amd64 Conflicts on gnome-control-center-signon [ amd64 ] < 0.1.7~+13.10.20130724.1-0ubuntu1 > ( gnome )     Broken libboost-serialization1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-serialization1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken evolution-data-server:amd64 Conflicts on evolution-data-server-goa [ amd64 ] < 3.8.5-1ubuntu3 > ( gnome ) (< 3.10.3-0ubuntu2~)     Broken libopenmpi1.6:amd64 Conflicts on libopenmpi1.3 [ amd64 ] < 1.4.5-1ubuntu2 > ( libs )     Broken libopenmpi1.6:amd64 Conflicts on openmpi-libs0 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken libtk8.6:amd64 Conflicts on tk8.6-lib [ amd64 ] < 8.6.0-1ubuntu1 > ( libs ) (< 8.6.0-2)     Broken libboost-system1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-system1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken tk:amd64 Conflicts on tk-lib [ amd64 ] < 8.5.0-2ubuntu5 > ( libs )     Broken tk:amd64 Conflicts on tk8.5-lib [ amd64 ] < 8.5.11-2ubuntu4 > ( libs )     Broken tcl:amd64 Conflicts on tcl-lib [ amd64 ] < 8.5.0-2ubuntu5 > ( interpreters )     Broken tcl:amd64 Conflicts on tcl8.5-lib [ amd64 ] < 8.5.13-1ubuntu4 > ( interpreters )     Broken libboost-filesystem1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-filesystem1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-date-time1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-date-time1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-test1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-test1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-atomic1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-atomic1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-chrono1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-chrono1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-mpi1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-mpi1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libunity-core-6.0-9:amd64 Conflicts on libunity-core-6.0-8 [ amd64 ] < 7.1.2+13.10.20131014.1-0ubuntu1 > ( libs )     Broken libunity-core-6.0-9:amd64 Conflicts on unity-common [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken libboost-mpi1.53.0:amd64 Depends on libopenmpi1.3 [ amd64 ] < 1.4.5-1ubuntu2 > ( libs )     Broken libboost-regex1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-regex1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-program-options1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-program-options1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-thread1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-thread1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken icu-devtools:amd64 Breaks on icu-tools [ amd64 ] < 4.8.1.1-12ubuntu2 > ( libdevel ) (< 52.1-3~)     Broken icu-devtools:amd64 Breaks on icu-tools [ i386 ] < none > ( none ) (< 52.1-3~)     Broken libboost-context1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-context1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-mpi-python1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-mpi-python1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-exception1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-exception1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-graph1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-graph1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-locale1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-locale1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost1.54-tools-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost1.53-tools-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost1.54-tools-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost1.53-tools-dev [ i386 ] < none > ( none )     Broken libboost-python1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-python1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-graph-parallel1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-graph-parallel1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-wave1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-wave1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-iostreams1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-iostreams1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-intel:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken libboost-timer1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-timer1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-math1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-math1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-signals1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-signals1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken libboost-random1.54-dev:amd64 Conflicts on libboost-random1.53-dev [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libdevel )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-nouveau:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken libboost-mpi-python1.53.0:amd64 Depends on libboost-mpi1.53.0 [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libs )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-glamoregl:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-radeon:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken libboost-graph-parallel1.53.0:amd64 Depends on libboost-mpi1.53.0 [ amd64 ] < 1.53.0-6+exp3ubuntu8 > ( libs )     Broken libcogl-pango12:amd64 Depends on libcogl12 [ amd64 ] < 1.14.0-2 > ( libs ) (>= 1.13.4)     Broken libgd-gd2-perl:amd64 Conflicts on libgd-gd2-noxpm-perl [ amd64 ] < none -> 1:2.46-2.1build1 > ( universe/perl )     Broken gnome-control-center-datetime:amd64 Depends on indicator-datetime [ amd64 ] < 13.10.0+13.10.20131023.2-0ubuntu1.1 -> 13.10.0+14.04.20140415.3-0ubuntu1 > ( misc ) (= 13.10.0+13.10.20131023.2-0ubuntu1.1)     Broken libvlccore5:amd64 Depends on vlc-data [ amd64 ] < 2.0.8-1 -> 2.1.2-2build2 > ( universe/graphics ) (= 2.0.8-1)     Broken libperl5.14:amd64 Depends on perl-base [ amd64 ] < 5.14.2-21build1 -> 5.18.2-2ubuntu1 > ( perl ) (= 5.14.2-21build1)     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-ati [ amd64 ] < 1:7.3.99+git20140420.48d3dbc8-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-intel [ amd64 ] < 2:2.99.911+git20140429.2fd1a05a-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-nouveau [ amd64 ] < 1:1.0.10+git20140220.480f0998-0ubuntu0sarvatt~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-intel:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-nouveau:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-ati [ amd64 ] < 1:7.3.99+git20140420.48d3dbc8-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-intel [ amd64 ] < 2:2.99.911+git20140429.2fd1a05a-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-nouveau [ amd64 ] < 1:1.0.10+git20140220.480f0998-0ubuntu0sarvatt~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-intel:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-nouveau:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-ati [ amd64 ] < 1:7.3.99+git20140420.48d3dbc8-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-intel:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-nouveau:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-ati [ amd64 ] < 1:7.3.99+git20140420.48d3dbc8-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-intel [ amd64 ] < 2:2.99.911+git20140429.2fd1a05a-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-nouveau [ amd64 ] < 1:1.0.10+git20140220.480f0998-0ubuntu0sarvatt~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-intel:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-nouveau:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-ati [ amd64 ] < 1:7.3.99+git20140420.48d3dbc8-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-intel [ amd64 ] < 2:2.99.911+git20140429.2fd1a05a-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-nouveau [ amd64 ] < 1:1.0.10+git20140220.480f0998-0ubuntu0sarvatt~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-intel:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-glamoregl [ amd64 ] < 0.6.0+git20140313.a4fbc773-0ubuntu0sarvatt~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-radeon [ amd64 ] < 1:7.3.99+git20140420.48d3dbc8-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-mach64:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-15 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-r128:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-15 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-glamoregl:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-intel:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-ati:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-radeon:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-nouveau:amd64 Depends on xorg-video-abi-14 [ amd64 ] < none > ( none )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-ati [ amd64 ] < 1:7.3.99+git20140420.48d3dbc8-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-intel [ amd64 ] < 2:2.99.911+git20140429.2fd1a05a-0ubuntu0ricotz~saucy > ( x11 )     Broken xserver-xorg-video-all:amd64 Depends on xserver-xorg-video-nouveau [ amd64 ] < 1:1.0.10+git20140220.480f0998-0ubuntu0sarvatt~saucy > ( x11 )