title: What IDE do you use for Mono development on KDE?

text: Currently I don't have a Linux installation with a GUI. All are running text mode. When I do, I usually use KDE. On Windows I am a .NET developer and I haven't done any Mono development, yet. I heard that Monodevelop is only for GNOME. If you develop Mono on a KDE environment, what IDE do you use?


title: rsync flock not deleting flocktmp.lock file?

text: Recently, I changed my `rsync` `flock` command, and now it has stopped deleting the flock file when the sync is done. Can anyone see the error in my command? That would really help me out!               flock -xn /tmp/flocktmp.lock -c "/usr/bin/rsync -avz --perms --chmod=a+rwx --delete \            'user@some.site.com:~/www/user.some.site.com/public_html/links/rtorrent_data/iRL\ REMUX/' \            /media/HDD01/shares/SB/iRL\ REMUX"


title: Linux as a complete development platform?

text: I want to make my Fedora Linux capable of following :   1. Use Linux for complete development platform without requiring any other OS installation but still able to build and test programs under different platforms.   2. Completely replace Windows machine for all the other work e.g. Office, Paint, Remote Desktop, etc.  Can you suggest open source projects and tools for achieving above objectives ?


title: How do I route web requests into my private network depending on the domain in the url?

text: Scenario: Due to limited number of IPs, several domains are resolved into the same IP address. However, these domains may not all run on the same webserver, VM, or even dedicated machine. Therefore, I would like to route the domains at the point of entry into the private network to the right place on condition of the domain in the url. How can I do this?


title: Difference between .deb files and .run file

text: What is the difference between creating **.deb files** and installing them and just running a **.run file**?


title: Is there a problem if I add a non-existing path to `PATH` environment variable?

text: I have a following lines in my `.bash_profile`.               if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then         PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"     fi      I think I found it somewhere in the internet. Is it also ok, if I write only `PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"` without checking directory existence? Does it cause a problem if I add a non-existing path to `$PATH`?


title: Formatting quotes from the fortune to use it with conky

text: I'm using fortune cookie outputs in my conky script. My fortune output is in the following format: > **Text1** : Some message including( line break   >  tags, e.g. and comma(,),=,semicolon(;) like symbols) Is it possible separate Text1 & Message(   and semicolon(;) are used to separate lines)?   Also can I render html tags in a conky script? I'm looking for some inline script (sed,awk or some built-in alternative) which I can readily use in the conky script.


title: Obtaining XWindows GUI menu item/widget names from the command line

text: I have just learned about dogtail, and it can allow enumeration of menu items/widgets of a GUI application from the command line; for instance (via Testing/Automation/DogtailTutorial - Ubuntu Wiki):               %> python     >>> from dogtail import tree     >>> gcalctool = tree.root.application('gcalctool')     >>> gcacltool.dump()     # You'll see something like:      {"gcalctool" application}      Node roleName='frame' name='Calculator  - Scientific' description=''       Node roleName='filler' name='' description=''        Node roleName='menu bar' name='' description=''         Node roleName='menu' name='Calculator' description='' text='Calculator'          click          Node roleName='tear off menu item' name='' description='' text=''           click          Node roleName='menu item' name='Quit' description='' text='Quit'           click          Node roleName='menu item' name='Empty' description='' text='Empty'           click         Node roleName='menu' name='Edit' description='' text='Edit'          click      However, it uses (as far as I can see) assistive/"accessibility technologies" of Gnome Desktop. So I was wondering - is there such a tool (which can at least enumerate widget names) which works on a lower level - e.g. on XWindows level? I guess (but do not know) that XWindows doesn't in itself offer any standard widget framework - and thus, it would be difficult to write a tool to query the GUI widget names on X-Windows level; is this correct? (I imagine something like `xdotool` or `wmctrl`, but neither of these can probe "inside" the GUI app). If so - is there a tool that can work with most desktop environment frameworks (Gnome, KDE ...) that could query/list the widget names of a running GUI app, but without using the accessibility technologies layer?


title: Difference between ' and " on command line (bash)?

text: I used to use '' and "" interchangeably on the command line, but I recently noticed that '$HOME/some/dir' is not expanded, while "$HOME/some/dir" is. I searched around a little bit and found that "" allows _some_ protection of special characters, while '' allows full protection. So what other characters are protected by '' and not ""? EDIT: What are _practical_ situations in which these differences might be significant?


title: New parent process when the parent process dies

text: In UNIX, when a parent process disappears, I thought that all child processes reset init as their parent. Is this not correct all the time? Are there any exceptions?


title: What is the tmp folder in /var?

text: I have a `tmp` folder in `/var` and it has the file `channel.xml` in it. I don't know what this is and if it should be there and what permissions it should have because at the moment it is wide open. Also what is the folder above `/var` called please?


title: Download yad with bash script

text: i'm building a simple deb package (single binary) for a little project i've been working on. Now I want to build a nice interface around it and used zenity for a couple of times, but this time I wanted to use yad. First I want to download yad so my execuatble script runs the **installyad** file with `gksudo`, so it runs with root privileges. Now you can't just download yad with apt-get install yad, you first need to add the new repository. installyad file               #!/bin/bash     sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager     sudo apt-get update     sudo apt-get install yad     echo "Yad installed"      Now even when I start a new **gnome-terminal** before this code, it just opens a new terminal but doesn't seem to do anything else. Does anyone know how to do this in a proper way? I'm a bash scripting beginner so it doesn't have to be the most difficult way to solve this problem. I'm pretty glad when it works. Regards Gijs


title: In which way is a commented line active in a program file?

text: To solve the bug reported here the solution seems to be commenting, not just adding a certain line in a file - as explained here and here. That is - to make that bug disappear in Xfce, a certain line has to be added. But as that is not enough, the suggested solution is to comment that very line. I have the impression that the solution works. Is that placebo? How come a line is necessary, but also has to be commented, that is - deactivated?


title: Command line expression solver?

text: I'm looking for a Linux-compatible TTY-based calculator. For example:               user@host:~$ calculate     > 2     2     user@host:~$ calculate     > 8*6-4     44     user@host:~$ calculate     > 8*(6-4)     16      Is there anything like this that supports basic operations, some built-in functions like `atan()`, and possibly custom functions via scripting?


title: centos 7, xhost and other user than root

text: The following worked under CentOS 6:               sudo su      xhost +      su - oracle      xclock      Under CentOS 7, I get an xclock after sudo su and xhost +, but a DISPLAY error when changing to the other user. Am I missing a security option here ? The answer to this is:               su - oracle     DISPLAY=:0.0; export DISPLAY     xclock      Sorry for bothering the community. Must be something with the 192.168.x.y address I am using.


title: navigating nautilus tree using arrow keys

text: I use mostly command line tools, but sometimes browsing a directory tree is more easy using GUI. In PCManFM I could use the arrow keys to walk the tree and left arrow and right arrow would open a closed tree node (as did explorer on Windows XP). Nautilus requires to use `Return` to open a directory if selected (using up and down) and I have not found a way to close using a key. Is there a way to configure nautilus so I can do all navigation, in the left pane tree, with the arrow keys instead of using the mouse?


title: rogue ssh (+svn?) process trying to connect to a remote server

text: I am using a remote server via ssh, svn, and sometimes with FileZilla all running on Mac OS 10.9.4. I connect to the server with no problems (i.e. my credentials pass every time I enter them). However, pretty quickly the server blocks my IP due to many failed connection attempts (I need to contact the sysadmin personally to unblock me). I tried an isolated experiment last night (only connecting with ssh once). I wasn't blocked up until this morning, but when I turned on my laptop the remote server had 13 failed attempts (note that I have NOT tried connecting to the server since last night!) Executing: `lsof -i -n -P` revealed that there is an ssh process that has a TCP connection to the server (it says (ESTABLISHED) next to it). It seems to be forked by an svn process (though, I'm not sure). Any thoughts on where is it coming from? I have Xcode running -- could it be trying to get updates from the server? Again, I haven't used either svn or ssh this morning, so I really have no idea what triggered them to run.


title: How to use the find command in Perl script?

text: Could someone tell me why the `find` command always go to the root directory but not the directory that is specified in `$srceDir`?               my $srceDir = "/mnt/SDrive/SV/Capture Data/";          my $find_cmd = 'find $srceDir -type f -newermt 2013-02-14 ! -newermt 2013-02-15';          open(FIND_FILE, "$find_cmd |");     while(<FIND_FILE>){          next if /^total/; # because we're only interested in real output         print $_;      }


title: .exrc file in home dir not effective

text: I made a simple `.exrc` vim config file in my home directory on RHEL 5.8. Here are the contents:               set nu      However, when I go into vim, the line number are not shown. It may be worth noting that I am logged in as a shared application user ID. I have access to other RHEL 5.8 hosts here at work as well under my own user and .exrc file does in fact work. Any idea what the problem might be?


title: How to create tar archive in a different directory?

text: I want to create a tar archive in a different directory rather than the current directory. I tried this command:               tar czf file.tar.gz file1 -C /var/www/      but it creates the archive in the current directory. Why?


title: Debian = Always latest Packages = Best Practice?

text: Most of the "Software" I install on my server needs to be the latest release (Java, Tomcat, MySQL-Cluster). So I never have the luck, that there are pre- built Debian packages (in the distribution) available. Therefore all the software is downloaded from the project-webpage and built from source. Now my question is, what is the correct way to install them on my Debian system? My main problem is, when installing them directly from the source, they are not included in the package management (with aptitude). Checkinstall seems to not really be suggested to be used and equiv also has drawbacks. Is the only correct way to handle this by building my own packages with dh_make and dpkg- buildpackage? What are you doing if you always need the latest version?


title: How can i determine the block size of an vxfs filesystem?

text: I am looking for a way to see what the current blocksize of an filesystem is. Normaly i would use `tune2fs -l | grep "Block size"`, but that doesn't work on vxfs. I googled a bit and found `fstyp -v /dev/vx/dsk/...` (VxFS_Block_Size), but there is no fstyp installed. So now im wondering if there is something else to find out the block size of an vxfs filesystem. System: VxFS on RHEL 5.8


title: rsync OpenIndiana repository on local server

text: I was looking for a repository from OpenIndiana but everything what I found is this: http://wiki.openindiana.org/oi/Making+a+LAN+mirror+of+global+package+repositories. I would like to sync OpenIndiana repo on a local server. How can I sync it? For example, for CentOS 7 I use something like this:                rsync rsync://ftp.nluug.nl/centoslinux/7/ /mnt/mirrors/stage/centos/7/ /mnt/bin/centos7.exclude      Can I do something like this for OpenIndiana too?


title: How do I change my monitor's gamma settings?

text: How do I change my laptop monitor's gamma settings on Linux Mint 9 (preferably using a GUI interface)?


title: how to troubleshoot intermittent no route to host error

text: I have a program that most of the time works, but every now and then it fails with a no route to host error. The machine is running AIX 5 and has five network interfaces en1, en3, en5, en7 and en10.


title: How can we customize linux file systems like ext2/3?

text: Actually IOzone is a filesystem benchmark tool. The benchmark generates and measures a variety of file operations like sequential reading/writing, random reading/writing. So I want to customize my own Linux file system ext3 either for random reading(Database intensive or OLTP) or sequential reading(audio/video app) so that there will be better performance for specific application. And how can we change file systems parameters like block size, disk cache, buffer size etc to achieve better performance. I am newbie in Linux file systems. So please tell me, where will I get excellent sources for reading about this task and load again this modified file system as a modules or in another way. Thanks


title: reading input in sed

text: i'm new to shell scripting. I'm learning little by little. I'm more familiar with php which is working toward my disadvantage right now. Anyway, i'm writing a shell script and i read in input with the following: `read $foo` i now want to use this variable in my sed string replacement like so: `sed -i 's/replaceme/$foo' myfile.txt` What i'm getting instead is the literal substitution not what $foo actually equals. Instead i want it to be the input of the user: **Example:** Using this line ( `read $foo` ) . Say i type 'bar'. Thus _$foo='bar'_ from user input. Current Output: `$foo` Desired Output `bar` Hope that makes sense.


title: Disabling USB ports in Linux

text: Recently my motherboard's built-in USB ports started malfunctioning. On Windows it said power surge in USB port, and in Linux it says nothing but also in Linux USB ports malfunction. So I installed a PCI card that have USB port in it. And in Windows I can disable malfunctioning ports by device manager. How can I disable those malfunctioning USB ports.


title: Debian and TI usb3410

text: I have a TI usb3410 usb device (it is a TI MSP-FET430UIF programmer), when connected to my debian machine (running squeeze 2.6.32-5-amd64) it shows up in dmesg as               [ 3159.380099] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0451, idProduct=f430     [ 3159.380108] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3     [ 3159.380116] usb 2-1: Product: MSP-FET430UIF JTAG Tool     [ 3159.380121] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Texas Instruments     [ 3159.380128] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: TUSB3410410886330C60FFD9     [ 3159.380411] usb 2-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice     [ 3159.384312] ti_usb_3410_5052 2-1:1.0: TI USB 3410 1 port adapter converter detected     [ 3159.384336] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting ti_usb-v0451-pf430.fw     [ 3159.391011] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting ti_3410.fw     [ 3159.399203] usb 2-1: ti_download_firmware - firmware not found     [ 3159.399240] ti_usb_3410_5052: probe of 2-1:1.0 failed with error -5      and lsusb as               Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0451:f430 Texas Instruments, Inc. MSP-FET430UIF JTAG Tool     Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub     Bus 001 Device 002: ID 05c8:010c Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd (Foxlink)      Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub      However, there is no corresponding device in /dev (it is supposed to show up as /dev/ttyUSB0 etc.) I have tried creating a udev rule (as described in http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/mspgcc/index.php?title=Getting_Started_with_Debugging), but that made no difference. In that page (and also http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=979460) it is suggested to copy (or link) the firmware to a new location - but on my system, the firmware does not exist in the original location (which makes copying / linking it kinda hard). I have installed the firmware packages (firmware-linux-nonfree, firmware- linux-free and firmware-linux) but it still does not exist. /lib/firmware looks like               3com              cxgb3                     hp           mts_gsm.fw     advansys          dabusb                    kaweth       r128     agere_ap_fw.bin   dsp56k                    keyspan_pda  radeon     agere_sta_fw.bin  dvb-fe-xc5000-1.6.114.fw  matrox       tehuti     av7110            dvb-usb-dib0700-1.20.fw   mts_cdma.fw  tigon     cis               e100                      mts_edge.fw      So my question is, what do I have to do to make this usb device work / where can I find the firmware files?


title: Run commands after unlocking X screen (KDE)

text: When I leave work, I lock my machine with ctrl + l to lock the screen. When I come back, I always forget to log into jabber. Is there a way to run a command after the screen is unlocked? This is in KDE. I'm not sure if the locking mechanism is an X feature or a KDE feature, so I'm not sure where to look.


title: Linux statistics script (Google analytics-like)

text: We own a few servers, each with about 100 users on it, some with 1 domain, some with a few. I'm looking for a script which runs in the background which can provide information about which users uses which amount of resource. I'd like to know what the load on our server is, `top` only gives me a 'now'-view, I want to be able to check out the load for a period of time. To make it more detailed, I'd like this per user, and if possible even more specific (which files are used a lot, or database usage, anything I can use to optimise a bit) I have no clue wether this exists, I can only find some code which only gives my live results, like `top` and `ps`, that's not what I'm looking for.


title: How can I resize my encrypted root and home partitions, to give root more space?

text: I need to enlarge my / (root) partition, I have a lot of space on my /home partition so how can I do this? The drive is encrypted with LUKS. My system is Fedora 20. I have another thread here which mentions system-config-lvm but this seems to be a outdated tool as it is not installed or in the repositories. Gparted doesn't work as it doesn't support LUKS encryption. Here is:               ~]$ sudo fdisk -l           Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors     Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes     Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes     I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes     Disklabel type: gpt     Disk identifier: 7AE6E531-9898-4C7C-8C35-41B4FDB9374A          Device           Start          End   Size Type     /dev/sda1         2048       411647   200M EFI System     /dev/sda2       411648      1435647   500M Microsoft basic data     /dev/sda3      1435648    976773119 465.1G Microsoft basic data               Disk /dev/mapper/luks-e69b0b4c-a8e0-425f-988d-8c635729503b: 465.1 GiB, 499370688512 bytes, 975333376 sectors     Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes     Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes     I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes          Disk /dev/mapper/fedora_hostname-swap: 3.8 GiB, 4043309056 bytes, 7897088 sectors     Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes     Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes     I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes          Disk /dev/mapper/fedora_hostname-root: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors     Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes     Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes     I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes          Disk /dev/mapper/luks-b7af1bce-82c4-4921-aac1-bce701e30256: 50 GiB, 53684994048 bytes, 104853504 sectors     Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes     Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes     I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes          Disk /dev/mapper/fedora_hostname-home: 411.3 GiB, 441639239680 bytes, 862576640 sectors     Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes     Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes     I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes      Here is:               ~]$ df -h     Filesystem                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on     /dev/dm-3                         50G   45G  2.0G  96% /     devtmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev     tmpfs                            1.9G   80K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm     tmpfs                            1.9G  9.0M  1.9G   1% /run     tmpfs                            1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup     tmpfs                            1.9G   20K  1.9G   1% /tmp     /dev/sda2                        477M  131M  317M  30% /boot     /dev/sda1                        200M  9.6M  191M   5% /boot/efi     /dev/mapper/fedora_hostname-home  405G  202G  183G  53% /home      Here is:               ]$ sudo lvdisplay               --- Logical volume ---       LV Path                /dev/fedora_hostname/swap       LV Name                swap       VG Name                fedora_hostname       LV UUID                qQQRVR-toXX-J0M7-lTH5-d8Lr-AUq3-EHJ6A4       LV Write Access        read/write       LV Creation host, time hostname.lan, 2014-03-24 15:51:10 +0000       LV Status              available       # open                 2       LV Size                3.77 GiB       Current LE             964       Segments               1       Allocation             inherit       Read ahead sectors     auto       - currently set to     256       Block device           253:1            --- Logical volume ---       LV Path                /dev/fedora_hostname/home       LV Name                home       VG Name                fedora_hostname       LV UUID                In2lRz-16ul-VhH5-SQOE-yqlt-tMB3-5JM7ea       LV Write Access        read/write       LV Creation host, time hostname.lan, 2014-03-24 15:51:10 +0000       LV Status              available       # open                 1       LV Size                411.31 GiB       Current LE             105295       Segments               1       Allocation             inherit       Read ahead sectors     auto       - currently set to     256       Block device           253:4            --- Logical volume ---       LV Path                /dev/fedora_hostname/root       LV Name                root       VG Name                fedora_hostname       LV UUID                bBWzcC-nhhd-s8km-MMGi-uGQ0-8yBv-HClQgp       LV Write Access        read/write       LV Creation host, time hostname.lan, 2014-03-24 15:51:16 +0000       LV Status              available       # open                 1       LV Size                50.00 GiB       Current LE             12800       Segments               1       Allocation             inherit       Read ahead sectors     auto       - currently set to     256       Block device           253:2


title: grep entire filesystem blocks on devices

text: ## Command               grep -rHinF --colour=always -e "aa:aa:aa:aa" /      ## Output               grep: /dev/geom.ctl: Operation not supported by device     grep: /dev/devctl: Device busy      It seems that `grep` can not proceed because it is waiting for a device. How can I skip such devices?


title: autofs error - “No such file or directory”

text: I am trying to link a remote RHEL machine to our network. I can now ssh between the machines using fixed NAT addresses. I have copied the `/etc/auto.misc`, `/etc/auto.master` and `/etc/exports` files from the local machine (called "cougar") to the remote machine (called "forth"), and restarted NFS and AUTOFS services on both. All ports are open on forth. sample of auto_misc: `forth_data -soft forth:/export/data` sample of `/etc/exports` on "forth" `/export/data cougar(rw)` Here's the command line error on cougar:               nm@cougar:/home/nm{119} cd /misc/forth_data     /misc/forth_data: No such file or directory.     nm@cougar:/home/nm{120}       Any thoughts?


title: Screen is terminating

text: I have installed screen on Fedora 19. When I test the command as root remotely through SSH, it works perfectly. For instance, if I enter `screen` a new terminal emulator is started and waits for commands. I can detach it, etc. However when I try to do the same once I am logged remotely through SSH as a standard user, the command terminates immediately. The only message I see is `[screen is terminating]`. Does someone have already had this problem? Is it related to bad permissions? **Update:**               $ strace -e trace=file screen     execve("/usr/bin/screen", ["screen"], [/* 23 vars */]) = 0     access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libtinfo.so.5", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libutempter.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libpam.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libfreebl3.so", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libaudit.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/usr/lib/locale/UTF-8/LC_CTYPE", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     access("/home/steam/.nethackrc", F_OK)  = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     readlink("/proc/self/fd/0", "/dev/pts/0", 4095) = 10     stat("/dev/pts/0", {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0     lstat("/dev/pts/0", {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0     open("/var/run/utmp", O_RDONLY)         = 3     open("/etc/nsswitch.conf", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/lib64/libnss_files.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     open("/etc/shadow", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)     readlink("/proc/self/fd/0", "/dev/pts/0", 4095) = 10     stat("/dev/pts/0", {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0     stat("/dev/pts/0", {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0     lstat("/dev/pts/0", {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0     stat("/var/run/screen", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=60, ...}) = 0     Directory '/var/run/screen' must have mode 777.     +++ exited with 1 +++      I have tried to change permissions to 777 but then when I execute `screen`, I get: > Directory '/var/run/screen' must have mode 775. Therefore, I have reverted my changes.


title: Build bash (or alternate linux package) with custom binary/doc name

text: I am trying to build Bash 4.2 as an RPM package for use on Enterprise Linux 5 systems, which come by default with 3.2.25. This works successfully, however, I want both versions to co-exist on the system, to avoid conflicts with the system package, and to allow system/other scripts to continue to use bash3 which they are compatible with. My plan is as follows:   * Rename the package 'bash4' and do not conflict with 'bash' or provide 'sh'   * Configure bash to build with the binary name 'bash4' and change the path of any docs or support files accordingly In theory this is simple and Vim offers binary prefix/suffix in it's configure scripts, however bash doesn't appear to have this feature. The closest I have found is automake's EXEEXT which provides support for executable extensions (such as .exe on Windows) but this isn't really designed for what I want to do, not does it solve the doc problem.


title: How to automaticaly enter sudo's grace period upon login

text: Knowing that giving a user a sudo's grace period right from the point when he/she login might be a security issue, I still think it will be a beneficial trade-off between security and usability in my setup. The question is: how to do that? As far as I know, the sudo doesn't provide CLI for it. I might somehow divert the gdm's typed password to something like `sudo false`, but again: how to get hold of the provided by the user password in the plain text? Should I write a custom `pam` module for it? Or maybe it is better to immerse into implementation details of the sudo and as a root directly manipulate the timestamp database?


title: What is the purpose of mail spools?

text: If I understand correctly, a spool is a temporary storage location. Traditionally, the mail is stored in a "mail spool", a mailbox in the `/var/spool/mail` directory, where users are expected to pick it up. Therefore, according to this view, once the mail has been read it should be deleted or moved elsewhere — most likely somewhere in the user's home directory. This way of handling the mail doesn't seem very efficient to me. And where does a program such as `procmail` fit into this scheme? If you have an MDA that automatically stores your mail into folders in your home directory, then why keep a mail spool at all?


title: emacs session attach back

text: When I was at VIM age, I used to enjoy working with screen which gives me the flexibility to switch between mulitple windows. And later I switched to emacs but I lost one of my favorite feature: screen session - when my putty window accidentally dies, all my windows are still there, if I attach back everything is there. in emacs, I can also open quite a few different screens and switch between them, the thing is when my putty window is closed, everything there is gone. I would hope that I can attach back to the emacs I am working on, and I am pretty sure this monster can achieve this, any ideas ?


title: Remounting HOME

text: I have my "/home" partition formatted as ext4 and mounted at "dev/sdc1" and occasionally have a strange problem coming up that looks a lot like this bug that I found here. A little more than half way down the bug I linked to above, there was a work- around offered for remounting the drive "on the fly" when this happens. So, before I try executing this command I wanted to run it by someone more proficient than me to be sure I won't "muck up" my system. Here it is:               mount -t ext4 -o rw,remount /dev/sdc1 /home      I still consider myself a bit new to Linux (about two years). I get the part about mounting the home partition as ext4 with read/write permissions, but wanted to be sure the last part `/dev/sdc1 /home` was mounting sdc1 'as' "/home". Thanks,


title: Why doesn't the sudo command need the root password?

text: I've been using Linux for a while now and whenever I typed `sudo` I thought I was switching over to the root user for a command. Apparently this is not true because all I need is my user account's password. I'm guessing since I haven't worked with multiple users I haven't really noticed this in the real world. I am unsure how Ubuntu sets up my first account. Is there a root user? Am I root? I'm guessing I just created a new user upon installation but it gave me root privileges? Just a little confused here... So why am I allowed to run root commands with my user's password?


title: What parts of the filesystem to tmpfs/squashfs/sparseimage for USB live system

text: I want to create a live system on a USB key / SDCard with Linux Mint 14 (KDE or Debian Edition) that stores data persistently. The USB key needs to have at least one fat32 partition. As storage for the persistent files I could either use this partition, another partition on the USB key (possibly with another filessytem) or an image file on a NTFS formated HDD. I've tried both Mint 14 Debian Edition and KDE Edition as a live system with persistence file/partition but failed both times when updates tried to change the boot system. I've now done a full install on the USB key, installed packages, updated and now want to change this into a live system by transferring most of the system to a read-only squashfs image on the fat partition, use a UnionFS (or aufs) to make that writable storing things on a second (ext2) partition of the USB key and mount things like /home from an image on the hdd (for disk space reasons). Can somebody advise which parts of the filesystem are suited to be placed inside the ro squashfs and which should be implemented as tmpfs ramdisks (/tmp? /var?). What's the best file system to be used inside the sparseimage for /home? What about /proc and other 'special' directories? Do they need to be handled differently? Is it sufficient to place the options in /etc/fstab? Or do I need to edit scripts inside the initrd.lz bootimage for the root fs? I know this is rather complicated. I'm also thankful for any links to blog posts or tutorials about that matter.


title: Everything works except Fedora

text: I'm taking an Operating Systems class online for college. It requires us to have a copy of Fedora 13, provided by our instructor, running on a virtual machine. On my machine, it boots to a message full of errors that ends like this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/8tmHC.png) I thought maybe it was just a problem with the instructor's virtual. I tried installing a fresh copy of Fedora 18, to see if I could get it to work for the class. When I do that, first this message flashes on the screen: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/b62iv.png) Then it boots up to show an image something like this, and stops there. The same thing happens even when I boot up in basic graphics mode from the Troubleshooting menu. My teacher gave me another virtual, this one for VirtualBox. It boots up immediately to this message: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/TzVvi.png) And for reference, my CPU is an AMD FX 4100. Fedora 18 on Virtual Box just goes to a blank black screen. I have since tried Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, OpenSUSE, Mint, Mageia, Windows 7 and Windows 8. Every single one of them worked without problems. Does anybody have any idea of what my problem could be? If it can be fixed, and how?               CPU:     AMD FX 4100     Host OS: Windows 7 Ultimate      Please let me know if any other information about my system is needed. **Update** I have enabled Virtualization in the BIOS. I then mucked around with the settings on this screen in VMware, trying every combination of item selections and check marks: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/CSlCP.png) But none of them seemed to have any effect. However, I have made some progress with Virtual Box. My teacher's virtual still does not work. However, the error screen has changed to be identical to the one that I get with VMware, word for word, address for address. I've had better luck with Fedora 18 however, which has successfully installed in Virtual Box. So, that's some progress. However, the main issue is to get my teacher's virtuals working, because he wants to be sure all the students are working with the same setup.


title: Configurable DNS cache for Linux

text: What I need is to configure a Linux machine, so that when user of that machine goes to `www.somesite.com` he/she is redirected to, say, 127.0.0.1. What is the best way to achieve it?


title: Don't let users reboot while root's logged in

text: On my system users can reboot and shut down the system. From time to time I need to update software (or do anything else) and I don't want users to reboot/shutdown the system until I've finished. Is there a way to prevent system from rebooting/shutting down while root is logged in (locally or over SSH)?


title: yum update presents hponcfg-4.2.0-0.x86_64 conflict

text: I am in the process of trying to get Cacti installed onto an HP DL360 running Centos 6.3.   Running `yum update` presents me with a few updates but when entering `y` it returns an error. How can I solve this?                   [root@Server hponcfg]# yum update     Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, security     Repository rpmforge is listed more than once in the configuration     Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile      * base: **.***.**.**      * contrib: **.***.**.**      * dell-omsa-indep: **.***.**.**      * epel: **.***.**.**      * extras: **.***.**.**      * hp-sdr: **.***.**.**      * updates: **.***.**.**     87 packages excluded due to repository priority protections     Setting up Update Process     Resolving Dependencies     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package centos-release.x86_64 0:6-3.el6.centos.9 will be updated     ---> Package centos-release.x86_64 0:6-5.el6.centos.11.2 will be an update     ---> Package cpqacuxe.x86_64 0:9.10-22.0 will be updated     ---> Package cpqacuxe.x86_64 0:9.40-12.0 will be an update     ---> Package dracut.noarch 0:004-284.el6_3.1 will be updated     ---> Package dracut.noarch 0:004-336.el6_5.2 will be an update     ---> Package dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-284.el6_3.1 will be updated     ---> Package dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-336.el6_5.2 will be an update     ---> Package hp-health.x86_64 0:9.1.0.42-54.rhel6 will be updated     ---> Package hp-health.x86_64 0:9.40-1602.44.rhel6 will be an update     ---> Package hp-smh-templates.noarch 0:9.1.0.33-32.all will be updated     ---> Package hp-smh-templates.noarch 0:9.4.0-1327.37 will be an update     ---> Package hp-snmp-agents.x86_64 0:9.1.0.57-51.rhel6 will be updated     ---> Package hp-snmp-agents.x86_64 0:9.40-2506.37.rhel6 will be an update     ---> Package hpacucli.x86_64 0:9.10-22.0 will be updated     ---> Package hpacucli.x86_64 0:9.40-12.0 will be an update     ---> Package hpdiags.x86_64 0:9.1.0-301 will be updated     ---> Package hpdiags.x86_64 0:9.5.0-938 will be an update     ---> Package hponcfg.noarch 0:4.0.0-0 will be updated     ---> Package hponcfg.x86_64 0:4.2.0-0 will be an update     ---> Package hpsmh.x86_64 0:7.1.0-16 will be updated     ---> Package hpsmh.x86_64 0:7.2.2-8 will be an update     --> Finished Dependency Resolution          Dependencies Resolved          =======================================================================================================================================================      Package                                 Arch                          Version                                    Repository                      Size     =======================================================================================================================================================     Updating:      centos-release                          x86_64                        6-5.el6.centos.11.2                        updates                         20 k      cpqacuxe                                x86_64                        9.40-12.0                                  hp-sdr                         5.6 M      dracut                                  noarch                        004-336.el6_5.2                            updates                        122 k      dracut-kernel                           noarch                        004-336.el6_5.2                            updates                         24 k      hp-health                               x86_64                        9.40-1602.44.rhel6                         hp-sdr                         316 k      hp-smh-templates                        noarch                        9.4.0-1327.37                              hp-sdr                         3.5 M      hp-snmp-agents                          x86_64                        9.40-2506.37.rhel6                         hp-sdr                         963 k      hpacucli                                x86_64                        9.40-12.0                                  hp-sdr                         6.5 M      hpdiags                                 x86_64                        9.5.0-938                                  hp-sdr                          15 M      hponcfg                                 x86_64                        4.2.0-0                                    hp-sdr                          40 k      hpsmh                                   x86_64                        7.2.2-8                                    hp-sdr                          13 M          Transaction Summary     =======================================================================================================================================================     Upgrade      11 Package(s)          Total size: 45 M     Is this ok [y/N]: y     Downloading Packages:     Running rpm_check_debug     Running Transaction Test               Transaction Check Error:       file /usr/share/doc/hponcfg/readme.txt from install of hponcfg-4.2.0-0.x86_64 conflicts with file from package hponcfg-4.0.0-0.noarch          Error Summary     -------------


title: How to change the contents of a line on the terminal as opposed to writing a new one?

text: So, when `wget` gets a web page, it shows you a status bar that indicated how much the file(s) is/are downloaded. It looks like this: `25%[=============>______________________________________] 25,000 100.0K/s` (underscores are spaces; I just couldn't figure out how to get more than one consecutive space in there) However, instead of writing another line to stdout and adding another progress bar, it updates it, like this: `50%[===========================>________________________] 50,000 100.0K/s` And `wget` isn't the only example of this, either. For example, when you pipe something into `less` and then exit, your original prompt is still there, along with the result of whatever commands that you ran previously. It's like you never left. So, my questions are, what is this called, how do I implement it, does it only work for a single line at a time, and can I use this in C?


title: How to install a TP-LINK network adapter?

text: How can I install a TP-LINK network adapter? I have 8 files for Linux driver they are: `compat.h`, `crc32.h`, `ethtool.h`, `Makefile`, `mii.c`, `mii.h`, `sundance_main.c` and `readme.txt`. I am new to Linux and am using Zorin OS. Any ideas? # I want to know how to install it?


title: How to print file with the PCL escape sequences?

text: I have CUPS and use a program that produces the raw PCL format of the document I want to print. I have no problem printing a plain text file as `lp filename` but when I give a file that has PCL or ESC/P escape sequences in it, I'll get immediately a completed status for this new print job - no printer reaction. The same happens when trying with each of the followings:               lpr -l filename     lp -o raw filename     lp -o document-format=application/octet-stream filename     lp -o document-format=application/octet-raw filename     lp -o document-format=application/octet-raster filename      Couldn't find in the man nor in cups documentation the way to print a file with filter/driver type defined (send direct pcl or esc/p) in the printing command. Tried to print with two HP printers DeskJet 640C and D2460. Portion from my `printers.conf` that I think can be relevant:               ...     Type     Filter application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -     Filter application/vnd.cups-raster 100 rastertogutenprint.5.2     Accepting Yes     ...     ErrorPolicy stop-printer     ...      Portion from my D2460 printers ppd file that I think can be relevant:               ...     *TTRasterizer: Type42     ...     *hpPrinterLanguage: "lidil"     *hpPrinterPlatform: "dj3600"     ...     *cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-raster 0 hpcups"     ...      In your comments please ask for other options to display from the config files if you find it to be relevant to this problem. My logs after issuing `lp -o raw filename` in access_log:               localhost - - [date] "POST /printers/printername HTTP/1.1" 200 390 Create-Job successful-ok     localhost - - [date] "POST /printers/printername HTTP/1.1" 200 1894 Send-Document successful-ok      In error_log:               D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 13 from localhost (Domain)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: clients=4     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: jobs=59     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: jobs-active=1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: printers=2     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: printers-implicit=0     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: stringpool-string-count=4354     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: stringpool-alloc-bytes=8592     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Report: stringpool-total-bytes=90176     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 CUPS-Get-Default 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Default     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Default (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Not busy     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST /printers/ujhp HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 Create-Job 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Create-Job ipp://localhost:631/printers/ujhp     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] add_job: setting context of job to UNKNOWN SL     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(----J-)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] add_job: requesting-user-name="root"     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Adding start banner page "none".     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Queued on "ujhp" by "root".     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Create-Job (ipp://localhost:631/printers/ujhp) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST /printers/ujhp HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 Send-Document 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Send-Document ipp://localhost:631/printers/ujhp     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdIsAuthorized: requesting-user-name="root"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(----J-)     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] File of type application/vnd.cups-raw queued by "root".     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Adding end banner page "none".     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(----J-)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(----J-)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients, printing jobs, and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] job-sheets=none,none     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] argv[0]="ujhp"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] argv[1]="80"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] argv[2]="root"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] argv[3]="filename"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] argv[4]="1"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] argv[5]="finishings=3 media=iso_a4_210x297mm number-up=1 scaling=98 job-uuid=urn:uuid:59dd158c-9473-30a3-478c-0202bcbcb78b job-originating-host-name=localhost"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] argv[6]="/var/spool/cups/d00080-001"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[0]="CUPS_CACHEDIR=/var/cache/cups"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[1]="CUPS_DATADIR=/usr/share/cups"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[2]="CUPS_DOCROOT=/usr/share/cups/www"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[3]="CUPS_FONTPATH=/usr/share/cups/fonts"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[4]="CUPS_REQUESTROOT=/var/spool/cups"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[5]="CUPS_SERVERBIN=/usr/lib/cups"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[6]="CUPS_SERVERROOT=/etc/cups"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[7]="CUPS_STATEDIR=/var/run/cups"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[8]="HOME=/var/spool/cups/tmp"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[9]="PATH=/usr/lib/cups/filter:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[10]="SERVER_ADMIN=root@serverlinux.hamorhq.ro"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[11]="SOFTWARE=CUPS/1.4.2"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[12]="TMPDIR=/var/spool/cups/tmp"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[13]="USER=root"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[14]="CUPS_SERVER=/var/run/cups/cups.sock"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[15]="CUPS_ENCRYPTION=IfRequested"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[16]="IPP_PORT=631"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[17]="CHARSET=utf-8"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[18]="LANG=en_US.UTF-8"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[19]="PPD=/etc/cups/ppd/ujhp.ppd"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[20]="RIP_MAX_CACHE=128m"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[21]="CONTENT_TYPE=application/vnd.cups-raw"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[22]="DEVICE_URI=usb://HP/Deskjet%20D2400%20series?serial=TH7BE541VR04Y7"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[23]="PRINTER_INFO=HP Deskjet D2400 series"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[24]="PRINTER_LOCATION=serverlinux.hamorhq.ro"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[25]="PRINTER=ujhp"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] envp[26]="CUPS_FILETYPE=document"     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Started backend /usr/lib/cups/backend/usb (PID 4967)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Send-Document (ipp://localhost:631/printers/ujhp) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Printing jobs and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 WAITING Closing on EOF     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdCloseClient: 13     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] STATE: +connecting-to-device     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Printer using device file "/dev/usblp0"...     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] STATE: -connecting-to-device     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] PAGE: 1 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Discarding unused job-progress event...     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] backendRunLoop(print_fd=5, device_fd=6, snmp_fd=-1, addr=(nil), use_bc=1, side_cb=0x4425d0)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Read 1635 bytes of print data...     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] STATE: -media-empty-warning     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] STATE: -offline-report     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Printer is now online.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Wrote 1635 bytes of print data...     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Sent print file, 1635 bytes...     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Discarding unused job-progress event...     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] PID 4967 (/usr/lib/cups/backend/usb) exited with no errors.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     I [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 80] Job completed.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(----J-)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdMarkDirty(-----S)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 13 from localhost (Domain)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 15 from localhost:631 (IPv6)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 18 from localhost:631 (IPv6)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 18 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 Get-Notifications 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Notifications /     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdIsAuthorized: requesting-user-name="z-laszlo"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Notifications (/) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 1.1 Get-Jobs 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Jobs ipp://localhost/printers/     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] [Job 75] Loading attributes...     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Jobs (ipp://localhost/printers/) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 18 1.1 Get-Jobs 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Jobs ipp://localhost/printers/     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Jobs (ipp://localhost/printers/) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 WAITING Closing on EOF     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdCloseClient: 15     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 18 WAITING Closing on EOF     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdCloseClient: 18     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 15 from localhost:631 (IPv6)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 1.1 Get-Notifications 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Notifications /     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdIsAuthorized: requesting-user-name="root"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Notifications (/) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 1.1 Get-Job-Attributes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Job-Attributes ipp://localhost/jobs/80     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Job-Attributes (ipp://localhost/jobs/80) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 WAITING Closing on EOF     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdCloseClient: 13     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 13 from localhost (Domain)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 Get-Notifications 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Notifications /     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdIsAuthorized: requesting-user-name="z-laszlo"     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Notifications (/) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 Get-Job-Attributes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Job-Attributes ipp://localhost/jobs/80     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Job-Attributes (ipp://localhost/jobs/80) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 18 from localhost (Domain)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 21 WAITING Closing on EOF     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdCloseClient: 21     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 18 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 18 1.1 Get-Printer-Attributes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Printer-Attributes ipp://serverlinux.hamorhq.ro:0/printers/ujhp     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Printer-Attributes (ipp://serverlinux.hamorhq.ro:0/printers/ujhp) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 18 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 18 1.1 Get-Job-Attributes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Job-Attributes ipp://localhost/jobs/80     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Job-Attributes (ipp://localhost/jobs/80) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 WAITING Closing on EOF     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdCloseClient: 13     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: skipping getpeercon()     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAcceptClient: 13 from localhost:631 (IPv6)     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 Get-Printer-Attributes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Printer-Attributes ipp://serverlinux.hamorhq.ro:0/printers/ujhp     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Printer-Attributes (ipp://serverlinux.hamorhq.ro:0/printers/ujhp) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 13 1.1 Get-Job-Attributes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Get-Job-Attributes ipp://localhost/jobs/80     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for Get-Job-Attributes (ipp://localhost/jobs/80) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Printers 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Printers     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Printers (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Classes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Classes     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Classes (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Default 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Default     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Default (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 15 WAITING Closing on EOF     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdCloseClient: 15     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Printers 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Printers     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Printers (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Classes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Classes     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Classes (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Default 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Default     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Default (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Printers 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Printers     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Printers (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Classes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Classes     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Classes (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Default 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Default     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Default (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Printers 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Printers     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Printers (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Classes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Classes     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Classes (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Default 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Default     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Default (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Printers 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Printers     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Printers (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Classes 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Classes     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Classes (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 POST / HTTP/1.1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Active clients and dirty files     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdAuthorize: No authentication data provided.     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdReadClient: 19 1.1 CUPS-Get-Default 1     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] CUPS-Get-Default     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] Returning IPP successful-ok for CUPS-Get-Default (no URI) from localhost     D [04/Dec/2013:10:48:51 +0200] cupsdSetBusyState: Dirty files      There are two threads in this question's comment that refer to a ghostscript converter script for PCL to PS but I saw that this solution has license limitations and I would prefer a more direct/native approach, solution by configuring cups and a little scripting or free script/application to disable the filtering of cups for PCL and/or convert PCL (and ESC/P) to PDF (as I understood PDF is the way for cups now).


title: How can I simulate keyboard shortcuts in a bash alias?

text: For example, one of my bash aliases is this               alias p='clear;ls -lt;pwd;'      `clear` also clears the history which I don't want. I just want to clear the screen momentarily. `Ctrl`+`L` however does exactly what I want. How can I use it in my alias?


title: How do I install GCC on a system with no compiler?

text: I've been messing around with my NAS which runs on Linux. I have root access, but there is no compiler. I seem to remember something about being able to compile on another system, but I'm not certain.               root@LSB1:~# uname -a     Linux LSB1 2.6.22.18-88f6281 #50 Tue Dec 22 18:06:23 JST 2009 armv5tejl unknown


title: xkb ɛ with acute accent

text: I've made a variant of Colemak which replaces ‘e’ with ‘ɛ’ – Latin letter open e (I have my reasons, but they're not relevant here). I have two problems:   * Though ‘ɛ́’ and other versions of ‘ɛ’ with diacritics exist, typing `AltGr``t`+`ɛ` does not produce anything. I imagine that this is because the accented ‘ɛ’ is a composite character, whereas ‘á’ (produced via `AltGr``t`+`a`) is a single character.   * I would like `AltGr``ɛ` to produce an accented ‘ɛ’. But with the accented ‘ɛ’ being a composite character, I have no way of putting it into an XKB layout file. My keyboard is based on gb Colemak, which is based on us Colemak. I'm using stable Arch (kernel version 3.15.5-1) with GNOME 3.12.2 and xorg-xkbcomp 1.2.4-2. I currently switch layouts via GNOME (using `Super``Space`, which cycles through input methods).


title: tmux color theme in emacs gtk

text: When I use emacs -nw I always use it in tmux 256-color mode. tmux applies its default color theme to emacs so it looks like this: ![emacs running in tmux](http://i.stack.imgur.com/HniAZ.png) For some reason I like that color theme far better than any other emacs theme I've tried. My question is: how can I get the same color theme when I run emacs in the normal X mode? I've searched around but I haven't found out if the default tmux color theme (that it applies to bash and other programs as well) even have a name ...


title: How do I count the number of occurrences of a word in a text file with the command line?

text: I have a large JSON file that is on one line, and I want to use the command line to be able to count the number of occurrences of a word in the file. How can I do that?


title: How do I get shared folders working under Fedora 19 (guest) with open-vm-tools?

text: Fedora 19 includes the open-vm-tools package. This was installed by default under a VMware Fusion host. Everything works except for shared folders. I'd rather not install from source, since that would mean compiling every time there's a kernel change.


title: Non-interactive customization and installation of FreeBSD Ports

text: I'm new to FreeBSD, coming from a Linux background. I want to install a port, changing one of the default configuration options, in a non-interactive way (so that I can script the installation for automated configuration of my FreeBSD servers). As a specific example, the `graphics/ImageMagick-nox11` port has a default configuration option of `PERL=on`. I want to change this. I realize that I can `make config` and then just use the generated entry in `/var/db/ports/` to avoid any interaction in the future, but this still requires the initial interaction to set the options in the ncurses interface. Ideally I want to be able to do something like the following, to build the package with perl support disabled but accepting all other defaults:               $ make PERL=off BATCH=yes install clean      What is the proper way to accomplish this? Can I somehow place port-specific configuration options like this in `/etc/make.conf`?


title: Learning Ubuntu - Testing on Mac OS 10.7?

text: I'm a beginner in learning Linux. I know that there are many different distributions of Linux including Ubuntu. I consider Mac OS as a distribution of Linux, is that right? My goal in learning Linux is just to be able to connect to server with my mac to do cloud computing. Here is my problem: I've found very useful videos on youtube teaching how to use Linux (commands in Linux) with Ubuntu distribution. I'm testing what I've learned with my Mac through the terminal. Not surprisingly, many commands in Ubuntu do not work on the Mac.   * What should I do?   * Is this a good strategy to learn Ubuntu? or instead I should learn commands in terminal?    * Is there anyway to install package so that Ubuntu commands work in mac? Would you guys help me and guide me what to do?


title: build script: how to implement a "skip previously completed step"

text: I'm trying to create a build script for GCC (which works, for now), but I would like to be able to skip rebuilding all the prereq libraries when I'm only updating GCC/binutils for example. I thought of making the script create a file in the main build directory containing all the steps to skip. How would I do that (something with the `cat` command and find to see if a step is in the file?). This would allow me, albeit manually, to enable a rebuild of certain parts when needed. UPDATE: The answers posted seem to assume that I need a makefile, while I find that very troublesome and don't want it; the build procedure consists of many cd, configure, make, make install steps that I simply don't want in a makefile. The script is near-finished, this is the last step I need for it... UPDATE2: as I said in the comment below, I'm on windows, using MSYS bash as shell. Thanks! PS: this "skipping completed steps" needs to be performed each time the script is run.


title: How to get external monitor resolution set by xrandr to persist

text: ### tl;dr My laptop keeps forgetting the correct resolution of the external monitor attached to it. How can I make the configuration "stick"? ### Details I have a laptop running Linux Mint attached to an external ViewSonic monitor. I set it up to use the external monitor as a second screen (i.e. not mirrored). This worked fine for some weeks. Suddenly, the laptop no longer recognized it as a ViewSonic, at which point it did not know its optimal resolution (`1600 x 1200`), only allowing a max of `1028 x 768`.1 This did not work well at all with my laptop, which has `1920 x 1200` resolution. After much frustration, I found this answer. It helped me to fix the problem, as follows (the output of the `cvt` command being the modeline which was used in the next command):               cvt 1600 1200     xrandr --newmode "1600x1200_60.00"  161.00  1600 1712 1880 2160  1200 1203 1207 1245 -hsync +vsync     xrandr --addmode VGA-1 1600x1200_60.00      This is _exactly_ what I had been wishing I could do, but could not do through the GUI. (There are reasons why I still love the command-line...) This once again worked well for a time. However, when I booted the computer today and signed in, I got a notification area popup with a string of errors about different attempted modes which weren't working, and the external monitor was switched off. I repeated the commands above, and it is working again. I have an nVidia card. I tried installing the proprietary driver when things began to go awry, but at that point the external monitor was no longer recognized at all, so I am back to the open source driver. I do not have an `Xorg.conf` or an `Xorg.conf.d`, only an `xorg.conf.failsafe`. I don't want to repeat these commands every time I boot the machine. Is there some way I can get this saved to my `Xorg.conf` or something? It's been a number of years since I've done much with X. Can anybody help me here? * * * 1I have been unable to determine why this happened. My best guess is a problematic driver update.


title: Output "Hollywood-hacker-scene" from a shell

text: This might seem like a strange question, but what would you use for creating the typical hollywood hacking scene? I got this request from a friend and my brain was blank. All I could think of was all the nmap scenes from movies like _The Matrix_ and so on. But this would need to be done on a Mac with default OSX, which I think is some flavour of *nix, right? They have no internet access so preparing with external tools is out of the question. I was thinking along the lines of writing the equivalent of /var/log/messages to screen maybe...


title: Get a list of directory names with find

text: I know I can do this to get a list of directory names:               find . -type d -maxdepth 1       The output looks like this:               .     ./foo     ./bar      I prefer the listing without `./`. Is there a way to get find to output just the raw names? I tried sending the list to stat to format it but that just gives me the same result:               find . -type d -maxdepth 1 -print0 | xargs -0 stat -f '%N'


title: Make GAIM (Pidgin) wait longer before starting new logfile for idle chat?

text: If I'm chatting w/ someone via GAIM, and the chat idles for a certain amount of time, GAIM creates a new logfile when the chat resumes. Example from /home/barrycarter/.gaim/logs/jabber/carter.barry@gmail.com/id-of-person/               2010-06-10.094139-0600MDT.txt [mod time: 2010-06-10 14:35]     2010-06-08.140656-0600MDT.txt [mod time: 2010-06-08 16:00]       These are actually the same conversation, with a gap from "2010-06-08 16:00" to "2010-06-10 09:41:39". How would I tell GAIM: "if the conversation idle is less than `<n>` hours, don't create a new log file?" Note: The above is just an example: in reality, I probably wouldn't want the same log file after a 2 day gap (a 20 hour gap, maybe).


title: How to remove a single line from history?

text: I'm working in Mac OSX, so I guess I'm using bash...? Sometimes I enter something that I don't want to be remembered in the history. How do I remove it?


title: What processes are started during linux boot and how to disable them?

text: I installed nfs-commons on my Ubuntu 11.04 machine so that I can mount an NFS drive. However I late decided to remove NFS from my system so I did a sudo apt-get remove. Now, 1 out of 5 times my machine does not boot. It hangs. The boot messages say somewhere > starting NFSv4 id <-> name mapper [fail] Also one of the message says > init: statd pre-start process (505) terminated with status 2 Now I think both these messages have got something to do with my previous NFS installation. But I don't understand that when I have uninstalled it, why is my OS trying to start these services ? I don't have any entry for NFS in my fstab either. So my question is this : How do I find out what processes / services are going to start during boot and how do I disable them ?


title: Bash - Continuous String Manipulation

text: #!/bin/bash          FILE="$(basename "$1")"     FILE="${FILE/%.jpeg/.jpg}"      Is there anyway to glue these two lines together into a one-liner?


title: Incrementally backup FTP to local computer

text: I want to backup a FTP directory (not backup _to_ ) with a cron script running daily. I'd prefer a solution that could sync the FTP to my local computer; only copy files changed and remove files that have been deleted. Is there such an application?


title: What is the difference between the "Retro" and "Standard" version of Puppy Linux?

text: In one of the download locations for Puppy Linux, two different ISOs are listed:   * `precise-5.7.1.iso` (156 MB)   * `precise-5.7.1-retro.iso` (200 MB) What is the difference between these two versions?


title: How to get netmask from bash?

text: I want to get my netmask on Linux. It is outputted with `ifconfig` but I want to extract the string.


title: Trying to connect to an open network with Ubuntu 14.04, no problem in Windows

text: The Ubuntu network connection seems to fail at every open network. I have no problem connecting at home to a WPA network. Using WICD. It seems it fail to get an IP. Here are the results of               sudo lshw -C network           sudo lspci -nn >> checksudo lspci -nn           sudo dmesg | grep -e wlan                       *-network            description: Wireless interface            product: AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express)            vendor: Qualcomm Atheros            physical id: 0            bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0            logical name: mon0            version: 01            serial: 48:5d:xx:xx:xx:xx            width: 64 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list logical wireless ethernet physical            configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=3.11.0-15-generic firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes promiscuous=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn            resources: irq:17 memory:f1900000-f190ffff       *-network            description: Ethernet interface            product: AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet            vendor: Qualcomm Atheros            physical id: 0            bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0            logical name: eth0            version: c0            serial: bc:ae:c5:35:f0:bc            capacity: 1Gbit/s            width: 64 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation            configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.1-NAPI latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair            resources: irq:48 memory:f1800000-f183ffff ioport:c000(size=128)               00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Core Processor DRAM Controller [8086:0044] (rev 18)     00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0046] (rev 18)     00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller [8086:3b64] (rev 06)     00:1a.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller [8086:3b3c] (rev 06)     00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio [8086:3b56] (rev 06)     00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 [8086:3b42] (rev 06)     00:1c.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 [8086:3b44] (rev 06)     00:1c.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 3 [8086:3b46] (rev 06)     00:1c.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 5 [8086:3b4a] (rev 06)     00:1d.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller [8086:3b34] (rev 06)     00:1e.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge [8086:2448] (rev a6)     00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller [8086:3b09] (rev 06)     00:1f.2 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 4 port SATA AHCI Controller [8086:3b29] (rev 06)     00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller [8086:3b30] (rev 06)     00:1f.6 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem [8086:3b32] (rev 06)     02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) [168c:002b] (rev 01)     05:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Qualcomm Atheros AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1063] (rev c0)     3f:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-core Registers [8086:2c62] (rev 05)     3f:00.1 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder [8086:2d01] (rev 05)     3f:02.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Link 0 [8086:2d10] (rev 05)     3f:02.1 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Physical 0 [8086:2d11] (rev 05)     3f:02.2 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved [8086:2d12] (rev 05)     3f:02.3 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved [8086:2d13] (rev 05)               [132673.227036] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132673.233781] wlan0: send auth to 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132673.235212] wlan0: authenticated     [132673.235328] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132673.238615] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132673.242412] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132673.242633] wlan0: associated     [132673.242656] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready     [132771.173489] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132771.176705] wlan0: send auth to 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132771.178662] wlan0: authenticated     [132771.178812] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132771.180561] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132771.183608] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132771.183788] wlan0: associated     [132847.144627] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132847.148698] wlan0: send auth to 02:0dxx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132847.151334] wlan0: authenticated     [132847.151516] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132847.153707] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132847.156603] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132847.156887] wlan0: associated     [132934.091818] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132934.096306] wlan0: send auth to 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132934.100465] wlan0: authenticated     [132934.100729] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132934.101241] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132934.109120] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132934.109371] wlan0: associated     [132968.899246] wlan0: deauthenticating from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx by local choice (reason=3)     [132975.768437] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [132976.537373] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [265430.541914] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [299569.814859] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [301615.881104] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan1: link is not ready     [301615.882783] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan1: link is not ready     [374676.306364] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [374677.397056] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [374679.467541] wlan0: authenticate with 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx      [374679.487502] wlan0: send auth to 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [374679.529658] wlan0: send auth to 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 2/3)     [374679.532999] wlan0: authenticated     [374679.534934] wlan0: associate with 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [374679.541256] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x1 status=0 aid=10)     [374679.541649] wlan0: associated     [374679.541667] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready     [374679.541999] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx by local choice (reason=3)     [374700.382139] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [132673.227036] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132673.233781] wlan0: send auth to 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132673.235212] wlan0: authenticated     [132673.235328] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132673.238615] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132673.242412] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132673.242633] wlan0: associated     [132673.242656] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready     [132771.173489] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132771.176705] wlan0: send auth to 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132771.178662] wlan0: authenticated     [132771.178812] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132771.180561] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132771.183608] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132771.183788] wlan0: associated     [132847.144627] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132847.148698] wlan0: send auth to 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132847.151334] wlan0: authenticated     [132847.151516] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132847.153707] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132847.156603] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132847.156887] wlan0: associated     [132934.091818] wlan0: authenticate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx      [132934.096306] wlan0: send auth to 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132934.100465] wlan0: authenticated     [132934.100729] ath9k 0000:02:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use     [132934.101241] wlan0: associate with 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [132934.109120] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=42)     [132934.109371] wlan0: associated     [132968.899246] wlan0: deauthenticating from 02:0d:xx:xx:xx:xx by local choice (reason=3)     [132975.768437] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [132976.537373] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [265430.541914] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [299569.814859] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [301615.881104] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan1: link is not ready     [301615.882783] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan1: link is not ready     [374676.306364] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [374677.397056] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready     [374679.467541] wlan0: authenticate with 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx      [374679.487502] wlan0: send auth to 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [374679.529658] wlan0: send auth to 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 2/3)     [374679.532999] wlan0: authenticated     [374679.534934] wlan0: associate with 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (try 1/3)     [374679.541256] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx (capab=0x1 status=0 aid=10)     [374679.541649] wlan0: associated     [374679.541667] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready     [374679.541999] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:15:xx:xx:xx:xx by local choice (reason=3)     [374700.382139] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready


title: make an application startup automatically

text: I'm new to linux. Here I have an application deployed to linux, I want the app to startup automatically when the linux start up. I'm using an command like `'sudo ./start'` to start the application. How Can I do that? Please give an detailed description. OS: CentOS 6 Thanks!


title: When will `find . -exec COMMAND {} +` execute COMMAND multiple times?

text: If I do               find . -exec echo {} +      it prints all paths in one line, i.e. command `echo` is only executed once. But according to `man find`, > >     -exec command {} + >         ... the number of invocations of the command will >     be much  less  than  the  number  of matched files. ... >   It seems that in some circumstances the command will be executed multiple times. Am I right? Please exemplify.


title: Testing intranet network

text: This is probably a question already discussed here and there. I'd like to try to gathering here all the information. Suppose I'm on a machine connected to a network. This network has access to the internet. I'd like to write a `bash` script to detect the maximum information possible in order to   1. Map the network around me      1. Number of devices connected     2. Types of services offered by each device   2. Know how many devices I must run through in order to reach the router to the internet (counting hops)   3. Latency between each step   4. Strength of signal if the link between A and B is wireless    5. Maximum uplink and downlink speed between two devices on the intranet I don't need the final script, I'd like to get dirty doing this, but I need tips on the right approach. I've got a good knowledge of network theory but really a poor knowledge of the practical side and the best I have come up with is flooding the subnet with pings and trying to reverse engineer the network using it.. rubbish!


title: xv-like image viewer that lets me annotate/mark images?

text: When I'm viewing many images w/ xv (sometimes in "visual schnauzer" mode), I sometimes want to "bookmark" or annotate a given image. I don't think xv can do this, but is there another xv-like image viewer that can? Is it possible to add "programmable hot-keys" to xv so that typing certain letters lets you call external commands (eg, "emacs (filename of picture you are viewing)")? I think that xv has a 'mark' feature, but that's more internal, and the marks go away after I close xv. I realize I could just open a text editor and make notes myself (typing in the filename by hand or maybe using xv's "info" window), but is there an easier way to do this?


title: Where do executables look for shared objects at runtime

text: The title is pretty explicit. I understand how to define include shared objects at linking/compile time. However I still wonder how do executables look for the shared object (*.so libraries) at execution time. For instance my app `a.out` calls functions defined in the `lib.so` library. After compiling, I move `lib.so` to a new directory in my `$HOME`. How can I tell `a.out` to go look for it there?


title: How can I fix "cannot find a valid baseurl for repo" errors on CentOS?

text: I finished installing CentOS 6, but when I tried running `yum update` I got:               [root@centos6test ~]# yum update     Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit     Determining fastest mirrors     Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=i386&repo=os     error was 14: PYCURL ERROR 6 - "" Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base      Why is that happening? How can I fix it?


title: Converting a history to a script?

text: Often times I've typed in a bunch of commands when I realize that I am going to keep typing them in and that I would really like a script. Now I understand that no matter how I save my history, I am going to have to edit it to clean things up, but would like to hear suggestions on how to save my history so that it is close to a usable script.


title: Does a process invoking oom-killer kill itself?

text: Looking through `syslog`, I see lines like `dd invoked oom-killer`. Does this mean `dd` is being killed by the `oom-killer` or does it mean `dd` asked oom- killer to go kill another high memory process?


title: SCP works, but SSH doesn't (over wifi)

text: As the title says, when I'm using wifi at my office, I'm able to copy files to and from my server using SCP, but for some reason SSH is non-responsive. It just hangs, doesn't print anything, and I can't `ctrl-c` to end it; I have to close the terminal window. When I'm plugged in on the LAN, everything works fine. Any ideas how to figure out what's going on?


title: Using sed to add a URL to the start of every line

text: I have the URL (see below) of a certain web page that lists many different versions of a software package.               URL=http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/      The following one-liner gets me the latest version tar ball and its signature file out of the HTML.               wget -qO- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/ | grep tar | cut -d\" -f6 | tail -n4 | grep gz      Probably not the shortest most efficient one liner, but hey, I'm learning and I'm open for feedback. The result of the above is this:               wget-1.15.tar.gz     wget-1.15.tar.gz.sig      Now, the next logical step (to me at least), is to pipe the output above into `sed` and append the `$URL` to the front of each line so that the output looks like:               http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.15.tar.gz     http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.15.tar.gz.sig      And then I want to pipe that right back into `wget` to download the files. The question is this: How do I append the value of the bash variable `$URL` to the front of each line of output using `sed`? I tried the following:               sed "s/^/$URL/"      But that only gives me the error:               sed: -e expression #1, char 11: unknown option to `s'      I also know that the basic concept is good, because when I use the following, I get good results...               VAR="Gorauskas, "     echo "Jonas" | sed "s/^/$VAR/"      So, my guess is that I need to somehow escape all of the `/` character in the `$URL` variable... Am I on the right track?


title: How to undo sudo add-apt-repository?

text: I run               sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/indicators      to install `my-weather-indicator` but it requires GTK3 and I don't want to proceed. So I'd like to undo that command. I'd checked my `/etc/apt/source.list` but I didn't find any line related to it. What should I do now?


title: Is there a command line utility to transpose a csv-file?

text: Given a file like so               First, Last, Age     Cory, Klein, 27     John Jacob, Smith, 30      Is there a command line utility to transpose the contents so the output appears like so               First, Cory, John Jacob     Last, Klein, Smith     Age, 27, 30