title: Why doesn't this udev rule trigger upon removal of the device?

text: I have two mice, one which has an issue where the middle mouse button and button6 get triggered simultaneously. So I configured my `~/.Xmodmap` to disable this button. At the same time, however, I wanted to be able to still use this button with my other mouse. So I wrote a `udev` rule that called `xmodmap` to change the button layout depending on which mouse is connected. * * * ## Setup This is my current setup: **/etc/udev/rules.d/logitech-g7.rules** :               # deactivate MB 6 when mouse 1 is connected     ACTION=="add", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", ENV{ID_VENDOR_ID}=="046d", ENV{ID_MODEL_ID}=="c51a", RUN+="/home/user/.scripts/Troubleshooting/Bugfixes/mouseswitcher_wrapper 1", OWNER="user"     # restore defaults when mouse 1 is disconnected     ACTION=="remove", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", ENV{ID_VENDOR_ID}=="046d", ENV{ID_MODEL_ID}=="c51a", RUN+="/home/user/.scripts/Troubleshooting/Bugfixes/mouseswitcher_wrapper 0", OWNER="user"      **/home/user/.scripts/Troubleshooting/Bugfixes/mouseswitcher_wrapper** :               #!/bin/bash     /home/user/.scripts/Troubleshooting/Bugfixes/mouseswitcher "$1"&      **/home/user/.scripts/Troubleshooting/Bugfixes/mouseswitcher**               #!/bin/bash     sleep 1     DISPLAY=":0.0"     HOME=/home/user/     XAUTHORITY=$HOME/.Xauthority     export DISPLAY XAUTHORITY HOME          if [[ "$1" == 1 ]] #differentiate between ADD (1) event and REMOVE (0) event       then           /usr/bin/xmodmap /home/user/.XmodmapG7 > /dev/null 2>&1       else           /usr/bin/xmodmap /home/user/.Xmodmap > /dev/null 2>&1     fi      If this seams a bit overcomplicated it's only because I stumbled on a number of problems whith udev, xmodmap and the DISPLAY variable. My scripts are based on this Q&A. * * * ## Current state The ADD action works fine, the REMOVE action doesn't. Executing either of the RUN commands manually in a terminal works fine. * * * ## What I've tried so far I found this forum post outlining why udev has problems with removal actions and accordingly replaced the ATTRS with ENV variables. But all of this was to no avail, the REMOVE trigger still doesn't work. There's gotta be something I'm doing wrong. I would really appreciate it if someone around here more versed in udev and Linux in general could take a look at my case. * * * ## Additional information Output of `udevadm monitor --environment --udev` when plugging the receiver in:               ######ADD#######          monitor will print the received events for:     UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing          UDEV  [21728.392805] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3 (usb)     ACTION=add     BUSNUM=002     DEVNAME=/dev/bus/usb/002/037     DEVNUM=037     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3     DEVTYPE=usb_device     ID_BUS=usb     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     MAJOR=189     MINOR=164     PRODUCT=46d/c51a/4100     SEQNUM=3139     SUBSYSTEM=usb     TYPE=0/0/0     UDEV_LOG=3     UPOWER_VENDOR=Logitech, Inc.     USEC_INITIALIZED=21727880859          UDEV  [21728.393864] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0 (usb)     ACTION=add     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0     DEVTYPE=usb_interface     INTERFACE=3/1/2     MODALIAS=usb:v046DpC51Ad4100dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc01ip02in00     PRODUCT=46d/c51a/4100     SEQNUM=3140     SUBSYSTEM=usb     TYPE=0/0/0     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21728393779          UDEV  [21728.395536] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1 (usb)     ACTION=add     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1     DEVTYPE=usb_interface     INTERFACE=3/0/0     MODALIAS=usb:v046DpC51Ad4100dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc00ip00in01     PRODUCT=46d/c51a/4100     SEQNUM=3146     SUBSYSTEM=usb     TYPE=0/0/0     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21728395426          UDEV  [21728.395737] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004B (hid)     ACTION=add     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004B     HID_ID=0003:0000046D:0000C51A     HID_NAME=Logitech USB Receiver     HID_PHYS=usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input0     MODALIAS=hid:b0003g0001v0000046Dp0000C51A     SEQNUM=3141     SUBSYSTEM=hid     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21728395467          UDEV  [21728.398102] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004C (hid)     ACTION=add     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004C     HID_ID=0003:0000046D:0000C51A     HID_NAME=Logitech USB Receiver     HID_PHYS=usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input1     MODALIAS=hid:b0003g0001v0000046Dp0000C51A     SEQNUM=3147     SUBSYSTEM=hid     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21728397927          UDEV  [21728.398650] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004B/hidraw/hidraw2 (hidraw)     ACTION=add     DEVNAME=/dev/hidraw2     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004B/hidraw/hidraw2     MAJOR=251     MINOR=2     SEQNUM=3145     SUBSYSTEM=hidraw     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21728398188          UDEV  [21728.399406] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004C/hidraw/hidraw3 (hidraw)     ACTION=add     DEVNAME=/dev/hidraw3     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004C/hidraw/hidraw3     MAJOR=251     MINOR=3     SEQNUM=3151     SUBSYSTEM=hidraw     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21728399273          UDEV  [21728.400119] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/usbmisc/hiddev1 (usbmisc)     ACTION=add     DEVNAME=/dev/usb/hiddev1     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/usbmisc/hiddev1     MAJOR=180     MINOR=1     SEQNUM=3150     SUBSYSTEM=usbmisc     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21727874845          UDEV  [21728.401438] add      /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input73 (input)     ACTION=add     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input73     EV=17     ID_BUS=usb     ID_INPUT=1     ID_INPUT_MOUSE=1     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.0     ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_1_3_1_0     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_TYPE=hid     ID_USB_DRIVER=usbhid     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     KEY=ffff0000 0 0 0 0     MODALIAS=input:b0003v046DpC51Ae0111-e0,1,2,4,k110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,11A,11B,11C,11D,11E,11F,r0,1,6,8,am4,lsfw     MSC=10     NAME="Logitech USB Receiver"     PHYS="usb-0000:00:1      Output of `udevadm monitor --environment --udev` when removing the receiver:               #######REMOVE#######               monitor will print the received events for:     UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing          UDEV  [21800.789239] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input75/mouse1 (input)     ACTION=remove     DEVLINKS=/dev/input/by-id/usb-Logitech_USB_Receiver-mouse /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.0-mouse     DEVNAME=/dev/input/mouse1     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input75/mouse1     ID_BUS=usb     ID_INPUT=1     ID_INPUT_MOUSE=1     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.0     ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_1_3_1_0     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_TYPE=hid     ID_USB_DRIVER=usbhid     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     MAJOR=13     MINOR=33     SEQNUM=3178     SUBSYSTEM=input     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21797014959          UDEV  [21800.792866] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input75/event6 (input)     ACTION=remove     DEVLINKS=/dev/input/by-id/usb-Logitech_USB_Receiver-event-mouse /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.0-event-mouse     DEVNAME=/dev/input/event6     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input75/event6     ID_BUS=usb     ID_INPUT=1     ID_INPUT_MOUSE=1     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.0     ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_1_3_1_0     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_TYPE=hid     ID_USB_DRIVER=usbhid     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     MAJOR=13     MINOR=70     SEQNUM=3179     SUBSYSTEM=input     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21797013896          UDEV  [21800.797061] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input75 (input)     ACTION=remove     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/input/input75     EV=17     ID_BUS=usb     ID_INPUT=1     ID_INPUT_MOUSE=1     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.0     ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_1_3_1_0     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_TYPE=hid     ID_USB_DRIVER=usbhid     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     KEY=ffff0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0     MODALIAS=input:b0003v046DpC51Ae0111-e0,1,2,4,k110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,11A,11B,11C,11D,11E,11F,r0,1,6,8,am4,lsfw     MSC=10     NAME="Logitech USB Receiver"     PHYS="usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input0"     PRODUCT=3/46d/c51a/111     PROP=0     REL=143     SEQNUM=3180     SUBSYSTEM=input     UDEV_LOG=3     UNIQ=""     USEC_INITIALIZED=21796479085          UDEV  [21800.797132] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004D/hidraw/hidraw2 (hidraw)     ACTION=remove     DEVNAME=/dev/hidraw2     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004D/hidraw/hidraw2     MAJOR=251     MINOR=2     SEQNUM=3181     SUBSYSTEM=hidraw     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21800796369          UDEV  [21800.797172] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004D (hid)     ACTION=remove     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/0003:046D:C51A.004D     HID_ID=0003:0000046D:0000C51A     HID_NAME=Logitech USB Receiver     HID_PHYS=usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input0     MODALIAS=hid:b0003g0001v0000046Dp0000C51A     SEQNUM=3182     SUBSYSTEM=hid     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21800796501          UDEV  [21800.798537] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0 (usb)     ACTION=remove     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0     DEVTYPE=usb_interface     INTERFACE=3/1/2     MODALIAS=usb:v046DpC51Ad4100dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc01ip02in00     PRODUCT=46d/c51a/4100     SEQNUM=3183     SUBSYSTEM=usb     TYPE=0/0/0     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21800796538          UDEV  [21800.814181] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/input/input76/event7 (input)     ACTION=remove     DEVLINKS=/dev/input/by-id/usb-Logitech_USB_Receiver-event-if01 /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.1-event     DEVNAME=/dev/input/event7     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/input/input76/event7     ID_BUS=usb     ID_INPUT=1     ID_INPUT_KEY=1     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.1     ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_1_3_1_1     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_TYPE=hid     ID_USB_DRIVER=usbhid     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=01     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     MAJOR=13     MINOR=71     SEQNUM=3184     SUBSYSTEM=input     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21797013933     XKBLAYOUT=de     XKBMODEL=pc105          UDEV  [21800.816765] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/input/input76 (input)     ABS=1 0     ACTION=remove     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/input/input76     EV=1f     ID_BUS=usb     ID_INPUT=1     ID_INPUT_KEY=1     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1.3:1.1     ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_1_3_1_1     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_TYPE=hid     ID_USB_DRIVER=usbhid     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=01     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     KEY=4837fff 72ff32d bf544446 0 0 1 20f90 8b17c000 677bfa d9415fed 9ed680 4400 0 10000002     MODALIAS=input:b0003v046DpC51Ae0111-e0,1,2,3,4,k71,72,73,74,77,80,82,83,85,86,87,88,89,8A,8B,8C,8E,90,96,98,9B,9C,9E,9F,A1,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9,AB,AC,AD,AE,B0,B1,B2,B5,B6,CE,CF,D0,D1,D2,D4,D8,D9,DB,DF,E4,E7,E8,E9,EA,EB,F1,100,161,162,166,16A,16E,172,174,176,178,179,17A,17B,17C,17D,17F,180,182,183,185,188,189,18C,18D,18E,18F,190,191,192,193,195,198,199,19A,1A0,1A1,1A2,1A3,1A4,1A5,1A6,1A7,1A8,1A9,1AA,1AB,1AC,1AD,1AE,1B0,1B1,1B7,1BA,r6,a20,m4,lsfw     MSC=10     NAME="Logitech USB Receiver"     PHYS="usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input1"     PRODUCT=3/46d/c51a/111     PROP=0     REL=40     SEQNUM=3185     SUBSYSTEM=input     UDEV_LOG=3     UNIQ=""     USEC_INITIALIZED=21796482192          UDEV  [21800.817249] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/usbmisc/hiddev1 (usbmisc)     ACTION=remove     DEVNAME=/dev/usb/hiddev1     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/usbmisc/hiddev1     MAJOR=180     MINOR=1     SEQNUM=3186     SUBSYSTEM=usbmisc     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21800816392          UDEV  [21800.818490] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004E/hidraw/hidraw3 (hidraw)     ACTION=remove     DEVNAME=/dev/hidraw3     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004E/hidraw/hidraw3     MAJOR=251     MINOR=3     SEQNUM=3187     SUBSYSTEM=hidraw     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21800816472          UDEV  [21800.818536] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004E (hid)     ACTION=remove     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1/0003:046D:C51A.004E     HID_ID=0003:0000046D:0000C51A     HID_NAME=Logitech USB Receiver     HID_PHYS=usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.3/input1     MODALIAS=hid:b0003g0001v0000046Dp0000C51A     SEQNUM=3188     SUBSYSTEM=hid     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21800816908          UDEV  [21800.818580] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1 (usb)     ACTION=remove     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.1     DEVTYPE=usb_interface     INTERFACE=3/0/0     MODALIAS=usb:v046DpC51Ad4100dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc00ip00in01     PRODUCT=46d/c51a/4100     SEQNUM=3189     SUBSYSTEM=usb     TYPE=0/0/0     UDEV_LOG=3     USEC_INITIALIZED=21800816945          UDEV  [21800.818645] remove   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3 (usb)     ACTION=remove     BUSNUM=002     DEVNAME=/dev/bus/usb/002/038     DEVNUM=038     DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3     DEVTYPE=usb_device     ID_BUS=usb     ID_MODEL=USB_Receiver     ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Receiver     ID_MODEL_ID=c51a     ID_REVISION=4100     ID_SERIAL=Logitech_USB_Receiver     ID_USB_INTERFACES=:030102:030000:     ID_VENDOR=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ENC=Logitech     ID_VENDOR_ID=046d     MAJOR=189     MINOR=165     PRODUCT=46d/c51a/4100     SEQNUM=3190     SUBSYSTEM=usb     TYPE=0/0/0     UDEV_LOG=3     UPOWER_VENDOR=Logitech, Inc.     USEC_INITIALIZED=21796488421


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text: I do tasks some of which require Windows while some require Ubuntu and thus I sometime need to access linux from windows, though the reverse is easily possible. So, I searched in google and got an article: (http://www.howtogeek.com/112888/3-ways-to-access-your-linux-partitions-from- windows/) about accessing linux Partitions from Windows. In the Article it says that it might be messy to write using the software. So, what can really go wrong if I do write or is it safe to write to a linux partition in such a way?


title: Measurement of free ram through /proc/meminfo with ramdisk (initrd)

text: I am booting a disk image via PXE, it is a full system on an `initrd` ramdisk. I would like to measure the actual free memory of the system (not including buffers and file system caching). I was told this is done by adding the MemFree, Buffers and Cached values from `/proc/meminfo`. For a regular system this gives accurate results. However with my ramdisk setup it does not give accurate results. I assume that the memory that is used by the ramdisk is added to the "Cached" value:               [root@node1 ~]# cat /proc/meminfo     MemTotal:        8173700 kB     MemFree:         7443696 kB     Buffers:               0 kB     Cached:           650236 kB     SwapCached:            0 kB     MemCommitted:          0 kB     VirtualSwap:           0 kB     Active:            27156 kB     Inactive:         632204 kB     Active(anon):       4636 kB     Inactive(anon):     4616 kB     Active(file):      22520 kB     Inactive(file):   627588 kB     Unevictable:           0 kB     Mlocked:               0 kB     SwapTotal:             0 kB     SwapFree:              0 kB     Dirty:                 0 kB     Writeback:             0 kB     AnonPages:          9156 kB     Mapped:             8712 kB     Shmem:               128 kB     Slab:              38548 kB     SReclaimable:      29420 kB     SUnreclaim:         9128 kB     KernelStack:         536 kB     PageTables:         1268 kB     NFS_Unstable:          0 kB     Bounce:                0 kB     WritebackTmp:          0 kB     CommitLimit:     4086848 kB     Committed_AS:      51216 kB     VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB     VmallocUsed:      288032 kB     VmallocChunk:   34359448036 kB     HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB     AnonHugePages:         0 kB     HugePages_Total:       0     HugePages_Free:        0     HugePages_Rsvd:        0     HugePages_Surp:        0     Hugepagesize:       2048 kB     DirectMap4k:       10240 kB      DirectMap2M:     8378368 kB      Now this unfortunately gives me incorrect values for two metrics I would like to calculate: %MemUsed and AmountMemFreeActual. With a Ramdisk the "Cached" value is at least in part unreclaimable, and therefore cannot be used to calculate the actual Free memory. To calculate both correctly, I would need to know the memory usage of the ramdisk, and i do not think I can simply take the "Cached" value, since this might also include other Cached Filesystem data. Preferably I would like to take the ramdisk memory use out of the picture for both metrics, since it is unreclaimable memory AFAIK. Any ideas where to look? Edit: "free" (@answer1) does provide the same wrong values. The "free" value from the "free" output is misleading anyways. "Free" memory is usually "Free"+"Buffers"+"Cached". My problem is that the ramdisk as non reclaimable memory (unlike usually cached filesystem data) cannot be reclaimed.


title: How to send mail from a remote SMTP host?

text: I have Postfix suite installed locally on Ubuntu 10.10. I can send/receive mail to my local address, e.g. `user@local.com`. I'm given credentials to a remote mail server mailbox, e.g. `other@remote.com`. What command line incantation on my local box would connect me to SMTP server at `remote.com` providing username and password and send mail through it? I've read `sendmail` and `smtp` manpages but that didn't give me any clue.


title: Adding Sleep command to shell script?

text: How can I add a 10sec sleep to my loop after each page is processed?               #!/bin/sh          for page in {1..50}     do         wget -q -U Mozilla "http://admin.domain.com/products_search/?p=$page" -O - \         | tr '"' '\n' | grep "^Product photo for " | cut -d ' ' -f 3 > bproduct.txt     done


title: Sed to reverse two words

text: echo "AXIS2C_HOME=/usr/local/Axis2C" | sed 's/\(^AXIS2C_HOME=\) \(.*\)/ \2 \1/'      The output I am expecting is `/usr/local/Axis2C AXIS2C_HOME=`. I can't figure out what I am doing wrong. :(


title: Disabling an Xorg server's extension at runtime (for new clients)?

text: I have an old Xorg server whose "Render" extension seems to be buggy (if enabled, most of the fonts are invisible, unless hovering over them -- after upgrading the packages with X clients and libraries). So, the problem is solved for new instances of the Xorg server by adding to `/etc/X11/xorg.conf`:               Section "Extensions"         Option      "RENDER" "Disable"     EndSection      But what if I want to continue an X session, but make new clients not use the extension? (Of course, logically, old clients can't be made not to use it; but what about new ones?) Some options are:   1. Can I turn one of the server's extension off on the fly, while the server is running?   2. Can I tell the clients not to use it (e.g., those written with a specific toolkit)?   3. IS there an "X proxy" which could be used for my goal: the proxy could simply not advertise that it has a "Render" extension, or translate the requests that involve it, and forward everything to the "physical" X server, and my new clients would then connect to the proxy's DISPLAY.


title: What is the equivalent of "ubuntu-desktop" package in Debian?

text: In Ubuntu, we can upgrade from text-mode installation to GUI desktop environment by installing `ubuntu-desktop` package. How to do the same with Debian?


title: Kernel Panic on 3.14.0-gentoo on an IBM 9228LGA / SMP Stack Trace

text: So I've spent the past weekend trying to get this IBM Xeon server up and running. I also took this opportunity to try and get a bootable GPT/Grub2/BIOS setup going. I am able to get the kernel booted, but I immediately get kernel panics. The kernel on the Gentoo LiveCD works fine. I've tried Gentoo and Vanilla sources and constantly see stack traces like the following. I've done a lot of searching and haven't been able to find anything useful. ![Kernel Panic on Boot](http://i.stack.imgur.com/YcFlk.jpg) I've tried disabling CPU Frequency scaling (based on some mailing lists that had a similar stack trace), but it gave me the same stack track on boot.


title: Difference between 2>&-, 2>/dev/null, |&, &>/dev/null and >/dev/null 2>&1

text: Just looking for the difference between   * `2>&-`   * `2>/dev/null`   * `|&`   * `&>/dev/null`   * `>/dev/null 2>&1` and their portability with `non-Bourne shells` like `tcsh`, `mksh`, etc.


title: How to enable horizontal scroll bar in GNU Emacs for linux ubuntu?

text: How can u put a horizontal scroll bar with "don't wrap"? I am also new to linux. Thanks ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/3uV5t.png)


title: Recovering ext4 superblocks

text: Recently, my external hard drive enclosure failed (the hard drive itself powers up in another enclosure). However, as a result, it appears its EXT4 file system is corrupt. The drive has a single partition and uses a GPT partition table (with the label `ears`). `fdisk -l /dev/sdb` shows:                  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System          /dev/sdb1          1  1953525167   976762583+  ee  GPT      `testdisk` shows the partition is intact:               1 P MS Data                     2049 1953524952 1953522904 [ears]      ... but the partition fails to mount:               $ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 a     mount: you must specify the filesystem type     $ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 a      mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1,      `fsck` reports an invalid superblock:               $ sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/sdb1                 e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)     fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...     fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb1      and `e2fsck` reports a similar error:               $ sudo e2fsck /dev/sdb1             Password:      e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)     e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...     e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb1      `dumpe2fs` also:               $ sudo dumpe2fs /dev/sdb1                           dumpe2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)     dumpe2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb1      * * * `mke2fs -n` (note, `-n`) returns the superblocks:               $ sudo mke2fs -n /dev/sdb1            mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)     Filesystem label=     OS type: Linux     Block size=4096 (log=2)     Fragment size=4096 (log=2)     Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks     61054976 inodes, 244190363 blocks     12209518 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user     First data block=0     Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296     7453 block groups     32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group     8192 inodes per group     Superblock backups stored on blocks:          32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,          4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,          102400000, 214990848      ... but trying "e2fsck -b [block]" for each block fails:               $ sudo e2fsck -b 71663616 /dev/sdb1      e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)     e2fsck: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/sdb1      However as I understand, these are where the superblocks were when the filesystem was created, which does not necessarily mean they are still intact. * * * I've also ran a `testdisk` deep search if anyone can decypher the log. It mentions many entry like:               recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/7452, s_mnt_count=6/20,     s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192     recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096     recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 244190363     recover_EXT2: part_size 1953522904     recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed      Running e2fsck with those values gives:               e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb1      I tried that with all superblocks in the `testdisk.log`               for i in $(grep e2fsck testdisk.log | uniq | cut -d " " -f 4); do        sudo e2fsck -b $i -B 4096 /dev/sdb1     done      ... all with the same `e2fsck` error message. * * * In my last attempt, I tried different filesystem offsets. For each offset `i`, where `i` is one of 31744, 32768, 1048064, 1049088:               $ sudo losetup -v -o $i /dev/loop0 /dev/sdb      ... and running `testdisk /dev/loop0`, I didn't find anything interesting. * * * I've been fairly exhaustive, but is there _any way_ to recover the file system without resorting to low-level file recovery tools (`foremost`/`photorec`)?


title: Combining multiple functions into a single bash script

text: Is there a way that I can combine the following commands (the last is a zsh function) into a single bash script?   * `find /path/to/directory/*/* ! -name "*.js" -type f -delete`   * `find /path/to/directory/*/* ! -name "*jquery*" -type f -delete`   * `find /path/to/directory/*/* ! -name "*jquery*" -type d -delete`   * `for dir (/path/to/directory/*(/)) rm -f $dir/*.js(OL[2,-1])`


title: crlibm Library Installation Problem

text: I am trying to install crlibm using the installation instructions, which is as usual:               ./configure     make     make install      Then I get the following output:               Making install in scs_lib     make[1]: Entering directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/scs_lib'     make[2]: Entering directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/scs_lib'     test -z "/usr/local/lib" || /bin/mkdir -p "/usr/local/lib"      /usr/bin/install -c -m 644  libscs.a '/usr/local/lib'      ( cd '/usr/local/lib' && ranlib libscs.a )     test -z "/usr/local/include" || /bin/mkdir -p "/usr/local/include"      /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 scs.h ../crlibm_config.h '/usr/local/include'     make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/scs_lib'     make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/scs_lib'     Making install in .     make[1]: Entering directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4'     make[2]: Entering directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4'     test -z "/usr/local/lib" || /bin/mkdir -p "/usr/local/lib"      /usr/bin/install -c -m 644  libcrlibm.a '/usr/local/lib'      ( cd '/usr/local/lib' && ranlib libcrlibm.a )     test -z "/usr/local/include" || /bin/mkdir -p "/usr/local/include"      /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 crlibm.h '/usr/local/include'     make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4'     make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4'     Making install in tests     make[1]: Entering directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/tests'     make[2]: Entering directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/tests'     test -z "/usr/local/bin" || /bin/mkdir -p "/usr/local/bin"       /usr/bin/install -c crlibm_testval crlibm_soaktest crlibm_testperf crlibm_blindtest crlibm_generate_test_vectors '/usr/local/bin'     make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.     make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/tests'     make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/xxx/Desktop/crlibm-1.0beta4/tests'      The crlibm is actually a requirement for another program, which I fail to install. After I get the output above, I still fail to install it. That means, the `crlibm` was not installed successfully. Why do I get such a problem, do you also get such an issue? How can I fix it?


title: Arch Linux system borked after update

text: I have been running arch on my macbook 5,2 since I purchased it back in 2009. This morning I did a full system update (after a few months going without updates) and found some things not working, specifically:   1. 'nobody cared' on IRQs 9 to 11, the first time this happened three years ago adding a 'irqpoll' option to the boot command line fixed this problem. This time however, the problem does not go away (the system still asks to put irqpoll on the command line).   2. wireless does not work. I rebuilt broadcom-wl after the update, but it caused a kernel panic at the next boot. I tried searching the usual resources (wiki, bbs, ...) but found no answer. Can anybody help..? EDIT: nevermind, the problem seemed to fix itself after rebooting to mac and then back to arch again...


title: How can I set default settings for htop?

text: Occasionally, I need to check resources on several machines throughout our data-centers for consolidation recommendations and the like. I prefer htop, mostly because of the interactive feel and the display. Is there a way to default some settings to my setup for htop? For example, one thing I'd like to always have shown is the average CPU load. _important note:_ Setting this on specific boxes isn't something feasible - I'm looking for maybe a way to set this dynamically every time I ssh into the box. Is this possible at all?


title: How to disable autocorrection for sudo [command] in zsh?

text: I have zsh and oh-my-zsh with default values and can't figure out how to turn off autocorrection for specific commands, that I often use, such as: sudo mc or sudo gem update. The thing is that I have `.mc` directory and `.gem` directory and zsh proposes autocorrections (`zsh: correct 'mc' to '.mc' [nyae]`). Generally I would like to config zsh so that `sudo [smth]` is not considered a separate command (which it is not) for autocorrection. What would be a fix for that?


title: How to securely delete a directory without leaving a trace?

text: I already know that using `shred` will overwrite my files in such a way that leaves them unrecoverable. However `shred` can't be used to hide directories. Error Message: > failed to open for writing: Is a directory I can't use hard-drive blasters/reformaters like `dd` as I do not own the hard-drive(I can only access it through ssh). My problem is that after I have deleted all of my actual files, my usefully named folder names are still there. The names tell the viewer what would have been inside. If I delete an empty folder is it still recoverable? Is there a `shred` for directories?


title: escaping a single dot with double backslash - awk

text: "effective awk programming" book has an example on Field-Splitting. here is the example: > If you want fields to be separated by a literal period followed by any > single character, use `‘FS = "\\\\.."’`. Why it is double backslash? shouldn’t it be `\\..`?


title: Any way to recover list of open terminal tabs/windows before my system went down unexpectedly?

text: I had been working with maybe 6 tabs open in various directories, when I left for a small vacation. Upon returning, I discover a power outage must have rebooted my machine. Is there any way for me to recover my lost tabs? I'm mostly interested in the directories I was in, but also the history for each tab would be very useful. EDIT: I am using Scientific Linux (SLC5), and the shell I use is bash.


title: Xorg hangs before login screen

text: I'm using a TripleHead2Go to host 2 1920x1080 monitors as one massive 3840x1080 display in addition to my laptop's 1920x1200 display. If I try boooting with it plugged in, however, it hangs and never makes it to the login screen. Things basically completely hang right before displaying the login screen; they seem to hang indefinitely. I have no idea why this adapter is causing things to hang. I was able to get the log by simply booting to a root shell and starting lightdm like so:               (sleep 30 && cp /var/log/Xorg.0.log ~/Desktop) &      sudo service lightdm start      Here's the whole log, available on pastebin. The display is DFP1, I believe. What's going wrong here?


title: Is it possible to show on open/forwarded session in KDE?

text: When I need to do some longer computation, I leave my computer unattended and just lock the screen. When I log in later to see how progress is going from a remote computer using ssh, it'd be great if I could have a open session as I left it. Is it possible to remotely view the windows which we're on display when the desktop was locked? Say I log in from another computer to my computer using ssh -Y and leave the forwarded session on that computer open, can I somehow view from a third computer the windows which are forwarded to the the other computer?


title: How to install fonts for X?

text: I would like to setup a Linux system with ScrotWM as the window manager, but I noticed that X is aware of only a few fonts. I would like to have UTF-8 fonts that support multiple languages, including Asian languages like Japanese and Traditional Chinese. How do I install fonts so that X can show them? What kind of fonts would they be? And will the fonts be universally available to other programs like Firefox or OpenOffice once I install them? Or will applications maintain separate groups of fonts for their own use? Thanks.


title: In Mac OS X Snow Leopard, how can one file's permissions be matched to another?

text: I need to make the permissions of a file exactly match the permissions of another file in OS X 10.6. I don't see 'getfacl' or 'setfacl' as suggested in some other posts for Linux. And, it doesn't look like chown/chmod have a --reference option in Snow Leopard. What is the equivalent on the Mac?


title: EGLIBC vs GLIBC on laptops

text: From what I understand the primary cause of fork/branch of EGLIBC as compared to GLIBC was the problem with patches for ARM that Debian devs wanted to push upstream. I have slightly different question - is there any significant difference for relatively fat (as compared to embedded platforms) x86-64 machines?


title: How to change/remove blue panel glow in KDE4.6?

text: After a system (as well as KDE) update, I got this blue panel glow which appears on hover. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ZoeFZ.jpg) I browsed through system settings, panel settings, desktop settings, but couldn't find an option to change/remove this blue glow. Did anyone else encounter this problem? Where should I look? I also tried this, but it didn't help. I use Arch, but don't think it matters much in this case... Thank you.


title: Too many open files in system in FreeBSD 9

text: I just installed FreeBSD 9 version with GNOME interface. Each time I want to open a folder from root a message box pops up and warns me with this message: `Too many open files in system`. What is the problem and how to avoid it?


title: How do you wrap executable commands so that they work in an alias or function?

text: I'm still getting around the quirks of shell scripting, but I feel like I'm getting a little more comfortable with it. I've been trying to create an alias to generate a tar file that I have to create frequently, but it always gives me tar errors. Just as a test I tried to create a simple wrapper but it doesn't work either:               function eztar(){              if [ -d $1 ]         then             export QTAR="$1.tar";             tar –cvf ${QTAR} "$1/";              else             echo "Missing directory name";         fi          }          >eztar mydir     tar: invalid option -- ''     Try `tar --help' or `tar --usage' for more information.      Is the -cvf option in this case getting eaten up somehow? Anyway here'es another one I had a problem where Apache would run out of memory. I found out that too many failed shutdowns cause the semaphore to get full so to fix that I discovered a script I liked and I tried to get it to run in alias. (BTW is there a better way to do this?) I think I need to put this in a function because when I check the aliases the for loop had expanded to the list of current semaphores, which isnt what I had intended.               alias semfix='eval "for i in `ipcs -s # grep apache # awk '{print $2}'` ; do ipcrm -s $i; done";'      I'm learning I cant just create an alias or wrapper function out of everything on Unix!


title: MySQL exact path

text: I am using               whereis mysql        in my terminal to get exact location of my MySQL installation, but it's showing too many locations:               mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /etc/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /usr/bin/X11/mysql /usr/share/mysql /opt/lampp/bin/mysql /opt/lampp/bin/mysql.server /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz        Does it mean that I have installed MySQL more than once?


title: Problems while installing Fedora 19

text: Currently I have Windows 7 installed in my machine with a 500GB hard disk. C(52 GB) drive has the windows7 installed. D Drive contains files which I do not wish to install. There is 52 GB of unallocated memory. I want to replace the C drive and use that partition along with the 52 GB of unallocated memory and install Fedora 19 there. These are the steps that I've followed.   1. Boot from DVD.   2. Install to Hard Drive.   3. Selected English as language   4. Installation Destination by default has `Automatic partitioning selected`. I clicked on it and it redirects to _Installation Destination_ page.   5. Click on Reclaim Space   6. Select C drive, click on delete click on reclaim.   7. Then I get this error `Error checking storage configuration. Click for details`. After I click on it, I get the following details:  > you have not created a bootloader stage1 target device > > sda5 must have one of the following disklabel types: gpt.   1. I then go to custom layout   2. Add mount point `/` 30 gb `ext4`   3. Add mount point `/boot` 2 gb `ext4`   4. Add mount point `swap` 6gb `swap`   5. Add mount point `/home` 65.99 gb `ext4`   6. Click on `Done -> Accept Changes` Then I get the following error > you have not created a bootloader stage1 target device > > sda2 must have one of the following disklabel types: gpt. What am I doing wrong? Please help.


title: tmp/krb5cc_[uid] is not getting purged regularly (kerberos credentials cache)

text: An ftp id wasn't able to authenticate itself using kerberos because it wasn't able to create /tmp/krb5cc_[uid]. This was caused because /tmp ran out of inode space, as there were innumerbale (don't know the exact number as ls -l|wc -l fails as there are too many arguments) kerberos credential cache files. Some were older than 2 years. Why is that the credential cache is not getting deleted after use? Is this a problem with the user profile?


title: Renaming a file to a shorter name easily using something like brace expansion

text: So I know about using braces when backing up a file to making this sweet and easy like so: `cp -v original.xml{,.backup}` But if I wanted to restore the original I would have to do this `cp -v original.xml.backup original.xml` Is there a neat way to shorten this in a way similar to how brace expansion shortened the first command?


title: Root has no permission on virtual console screen devices

text: Even being root I can't do the following:               # cat /dev/vcs1     cat: /dev/vcs1: Operation not permitted      And the rights are set correctly:               # ls -o /dev/     crw-r--r-- 1 root    7,   1 Aug  5 22:00 vcs1      What am I doing wrong?


title: Disabling anti-aliasing in fonts.conf causes random color

text: I installed Debian and Openbox. Whenever I disable anti-aliasing for fonts in `/etc/fonts/fonts.conf`, all the fonts turn into random colors, different color every time I refresh. I tried doing it only for that font, for all fonts, for fonts of a certain size with the same result each time. What am I doing wrong here? `fonts.conf` in question: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=wEvmkGAD **EDIT** : Same result when editing `/root/.fonts.conf`


title: rkhunter warnings scan, what to do

text: When i run a scan with `rkhunter` i get **2 warnings** , i checked the log file and warnings are as the following : first warning :               Warning: The command '/usr/bin/unhide.rb' has been replaced by a script: /usr/bin/unhide.rb: Ruby script, ASCII te$      second warning :               [15:05:43]   Checking for hidden files and directories       [ Warning ]     [15:05:43] Warning: Hidden directory found: '/etc/.java'      what i should do to correct these problems ? (I'm a newbie / My OS is DEBIAN Wheezy 7.1 )


title: merge unsorted file to sorted file using shell command

text: I want to merge/join or produce a new merged file . Both files contain common IDs in the first column . File 1 looks like this               ID     Tb927.4.4670     Tb927.8.3630     Tb09.160.4310     Tb927.8.3650      File 2 contains the ID and also functions for each gene and looks like this               ID              Function 1    Other field     Tb09.211.0140     A               eg     Tb11.03.0080      B               eg     Tb927.8.6200      C               eg     Tb927.7.690       D               eg      However, some IDs are missing in my file 2 as not all genes have known function so the fields in my file 2 are less than in my file 1. The IDs in file 2 are also sorted differently from my file 1. I want my merged file to follow the sequence in my file 1 with merged functions in the output . For the missing ID, it can either be empty or something like return '-' . Is it possible to merge this kind of files using linux command?


title: Misuse of go-r *

text: I am working on a test server. Was logged in as root and issued               cd /     chmod go-r *      I certainly revoked the write permissions for the users that I had created. Did I revoke the permissions (r/w/x) from all the groups that were created for processes like mysql, httpd, ftp etc - or do they chown it? How do I check that? [Update] I've restarted mysql and apache. mysqld is not running as root. Logs are being written. Checking what else would be a good idea?


title: How to setup proxy authentication in the Debian shell?

text: I think that once I used               export http_proxy=http://user:password@address:port/      successfully. But now when I use `wget` it shows > Error parsing proxy URL http://user:passwordaddress:port/: Bad port number. Why it ignores the `@` symbol? How to make it work? I also tried               wget --proxy-user=USERNAME --proxy-password=PASSWORD       But it returned > Proxy request sent, awaiting response... 407 Proxy Authentication Required > 2011-06-09 14:01:18 ERROR 407: Proxy Authentication Required.


title: Faster delayed execution than 1 minute?

text: I am working on a program that can "upgrade itself" by install a new package. In order to accomplish this, I am using the `at` command to specify that a shell script should be run one minute in the future and the shell script, in turn, will install the package. I would really like this to execute sooner than one minute into the future but that appears to be the best that I can do based upon what I have read in the man page for at. Is there a way to do this with tighter resolution?


title: Connecting remotely to Red Hat

text: so I've done this tutorials http://nearlydeaf.com/?p=1122   http://golubev.org/?p=73 also installed minimal version of gnome in Redhat   my firewall is open on port 3389 and then trying to connect using Remmina but I get unable to connect what am I doing wrong?   I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 locally and Red Hat 6 for the remote


title: DynDNS alternative for SSH?

text: I have an server that has a dynamic IP address and is accessible over SSH. On the server, a script uploads a text file containing the server's public IP address to a web location whenever that address changes. How can I connect from to the server from some other client? This would be similar to DynDNS, but using the web to obtain the IP address.


title: Related to apt-get update command

text: I am using Ubuntu12.04 and I installed lots of pkg. I want to update only one specific pkg. I tried using                $apt-get update pkgname      E: The update command takes no arguments      so then I tried               $apt-get update      all pkg updated successfully. Is there any another command to update only one specific pkg?


title: Redirecting output to file

text: I am looking forward to run commands and log their output in a temporary log file to be read later on by different processes. So, for example: `rc.d start ntpd > progress.txt` Returns: **`::`**`Daemon script` **`ntpd`**`does not exist or is not executable.` I assume, that since it's an error it doesn't get redirected, but, is there a way to force redirect everything to file?


title: How to add "always on top" button to window decoration in eOS?

text: Using the Tweaks tool, it's possible to change the buttons layout and also add a minimize button. However, how could we add a button for toggling "always on top"? There's a "custom layout" option in Tweaks, where you can write the buttons names and order them. Maybe there's a name for the always on top button? I've tried "top" and "alwaysontop" without success.


title: Why won't my computer connect to my Linux access point?

text: I'm setting up a Raspberry Pi as a proxy access point which accesses the internet via my USB tethered smartphone and is connected to my Windows PC via Ethernet. The internet works fine on the Pi, but I can't get my computer to connect to the Pi as it should. This is my computer's `ipconfig` when wired up to the Pi:               Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 4:             Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :         Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::1d6b:1514:ccb5:28cc%23        IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 169.254.123.199        Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0        Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :           Ethernet adapter Ethernet:             Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :         Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c0e:bb47:359a:cf33%13        Autoconfiguration IPv4 Address. . : 169.254.207.51        Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0        Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :       And here is my `/etc/network/interfaces` file on the Pi.               auto lo          iface lo inet loopback          allow-hotplug usb0     iface usb0 inet dhcp          iface eth0 inet static     address 192.168.20.1     network 192.168.20.0     netmask 255.255.255.0     broadcast 192.168.20.255     gateway 192.168.20.1      I've also tried it with this configuration, with the same results:               iface eth0 inet static     address 192.168.42.200     network 192.168.42.0     netmask 255.255.255.0     broadcast 192.168.42.255     gateway 192.168.42.129      `192.168.42.129` is the gateway that my smartphone uses, for reference. Any help would be greatly appreciated.


title: Nonblinking cursor in xmonad

text: I'm trying to get a nonblinking cursor in `gnome-terminal`. In gnome I used `gconftool-2 -s /apps/gnome- terminal/profiles/Default/cursor_blink_mode -t string off` do accomplish this. How can i stop the cursor from blinking in xmonad?


title: How to hardcopy to multiple pages per sheet?

text: Let's suppose I have a single sheet of `text` to print (8.5''x11''). Can I create multiple hardcopies of said text and scale them so that I can fit 4 copies per print sheet using VIM? ex.               ___________         ___________      text                text  text                   ->                            ->    text  text          ___________         ___________


title: Is it safe to install KDE along with Gnome?

text: I want to install KDE on my Linux Mint Debian Edition (which as of 10 June 2012 corresponds with Debian Wheezy). I already have Cinnamon (a Gnome Shell fork) installed, which has regular Gnome 3 dependencies. Last time I tried to install KDE through aptitude, sound stopped working. Other people also mention problems, see: kde install destroys gnome desktop. Is it safe to install KDE along with Gnome 3? What are the possible breakages after KDE installation and how should I solve them? What is the recommended way to install KDE on Debian Wheezy? **Edit:** I just did it and everything went well. In Debian, to install KDE, just install everything in an aptitude task called "kde-desktop". **Related question:** Is is possible to use KDE as well as Gnome on a machine?


title: How can I know how much space software takes?

text: I am using debian (unstable). My system was partitioning with 9 GiB for /. This is not enough for me and I use already 7,5 GiB. I don't want (for now) to use gparted in order to repartitioning (it takes a while and could be dangerous). Therefore, I am looking a way to see how much space softwares takes. I guess LaTeX takes a lot of space but, perhaps, I have (big) softwares installed which I don't need. I would like a list by size and I don't how to have this information.


title: Startup programs on virtual desktops

text: I'm now using .xsession to run my terminal/browser while xmonad is starting. What i'd want to be able to do is to start different programs on different virtual desktops in xmonad (eg browser on desktop 1, nautilus desktop 2). How can i do this in xmonad?


title: How to set permissions what users can see (drives, folders) on opensuse 12.1?

text: I have a several users on one machine and its needed to specify which user can access (read & write) specified folders and/or mounted drives. First of all, one user shouldn't see a `home/<%username%>/` of another user. edit: I'll try to explain very simply: Lets say we have two users: steven and john. Both of them have some private data under their directories: john/private, john/Desktop, steven/private, steven/Desktop. I would like to prevent that steven can access (read or write) under john/ dir and prevent john to read/write under steven/dir. i'm hope so I'm clear enough :)


title: Bash commands inside vi

text: Is it possible to type a bash command inside vi and get the stdout? I find it often tedious to close and reopen vi just because I want to look something up in the shell.


title: Prevent showing time stamp message when running "tar xzf"

text: When running `tar xzf`, how to prevent this message (Prevent showing time stamp message):               tar: node: time stamp 2011-06-07 02:02:30 is 8309 s in the future     tar: user/Node: time stamp 2011-06-07 01:56:05 is 7924 s in the future


title: Why there are two ifcfg-eth0 file but in different directory

text: I am trying to understand why there are 3 ifcfg-eth0 on my CentOS 6.4 server, they are hardlinks to the same file looks like. Anyone knows why ?               $ ll /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0     -rw-r--r--. **3** root root 166 Jul 31  2012 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0          $ find / -type f -name ifcfg-eth0 -exec openssl dgst -md5 {} \;     MD5(/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0)= **c5cd670606e1feb78752a9644f021c1f**     MD5(/etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg-eth0)= **c5cd670606e1feb78752a9644f021c1f**     MD5(/etc/sysconfig/networking/profiles/default/ifcfg-eth0)= **c5cd670606e1feb78752a9644f021c1f**


title: How do I set vim as the default editor when I sudo?

text: I'm working on a CentOS 5.9 machine, and I simply want to type > sudo vi somefile and have my trusty vim with syntax highlighting, etc. This seems simple enough, but after many attempts, it's still not working.               root@localhost> which vi     alias vi='vim'             /usr/bin/vim     root@localhost> sudo which vi     /bin/vi     root@localhost> sudo -i which vi     /bin/vi     root@localhost> sudo -E which vi     /bin/vi      I logged in as root to ensure that by default `vi somefile` invoked vim. It did. I also tried to preserve the environment with -E and run the login scripts with -i. That did not work. In both my .profile and /etc/environment, I export the EDITOR as vim, and set vi as an alias to vim. I also commented out a env_reset line in /etc/sudoers. What else should I try? I didn't think replacing vi with vim would be so difficult, and I really like to understand what is going on here.


title: How to avoid the need to issue "y" several times when removing protected file

text: I'm looking for a solution to be used as a response to "rm: remove write- protected regular file [x] ?" I was thinking of issuing a character followed by carriage return for several amount of times, in bashrc. How do we do that?


title: How to configure Syslinux to load the kernel images from a different partition or disk?

text: I'm running Archlinux using Syslinux as a bootloader. Right now the kernel image and initramfs are in `/boot` and all of the Syslinux stuff (configuration file and modules) are in `/boot/syslinux`. I'm planning on moving the Syslinux directory to a different partition, but I don't know how to modify the configuration so it loads the kernel from a different partition. This is the configuration part I have referring to Arch, how could I tell it to look for everything in a different partition?               LABEL arch     MENU LABEL Arch Linux     LINUX /boot/vmlinuz-linux     APPEND initrd=/boot/initramfs-linux.img root=/dev/disk/by-label/RootFS rootflags=,relatime,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered rootfstype=ext4 ro


title: Delete n minutes old file in solaris

text: Can some one please tell me how to delete n minutes old files in Solaris? My find does not -mmin option.


title: Why does xargs strip quotes from input?

text: Why does xargs strip quotes from input text? Here is a simplified example:               echo "/Place/='http://www.google.com'" | xargs echo      outputs               /Place/=http://www.google.com      Is there any way to work-around this? (xargs -0 doesn't help me)


title: Drive disappears from dev during ddrescue copy or testdisk recovery

text: I have been trying to recover data from a Seagate 7200.11 1.5TB drive (2 ext4 partitions_ for 3 days now, predominantly with ddrescue and testdisk, but because of some critical error on the disk (probably SA damage or something similar?), it gets dropped off /dev when the system accesses some specific sector(s). The closest I have come, I think, is with ddrescue. But the image it created was incomplete and I could not mount it as it gave "bad geometry: block count xxx exceeds size of device.." error among others. Last night I again fired up ddrescue, this time on the second partition, and after waiting for 3 hours, went to sleep. At that time, it had copied ~150GB from the ~700GB partition. Command used:               ddrescue -n -v -T 30 --skip-size=1M,10M --min-read-rate=50k /dev/sdc2 /media/rescue/Drive2.img /media/rescue/Drive2.log      I was pretty disappointed when I woke up and saw that the drive had disappeared from /dev/ and consequently ddrescue showed "error size" in 200GB+ range. The /var/log/messages contained repeating lines :               2014-06-13T10:54:08.526490+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6693.096125] Read(10): 28 00 5a 79 55 88 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T10:54:08.526491+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6693.096174] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T10:54:08.526491+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6693.096176] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T10:54:08.526492+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6693.096176] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T10:54:08.526493+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6693.096177] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T10:54:08.526494+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6693.096178] Read(10): 28 00 5a 79 4d e8 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T10:54:08.526494+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6693.096226] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code      and these around the time it disappeared from /dev (I think):               2014-06-13T07:34:30.290574+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6743.832817] ata3: EH complete     2014-06-13T07:34:33.892459+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.432198] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0     2014-06-13T07:34:33.892486+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.432203] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000008     2014-06-13T07:34:33.892489+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.432206] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED     2014-06-13T07:34:33.892502+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.432212] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:00:10:50:08/00:00:5c:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in     2014-06-13T07:34:33.892511+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.432212]          res 41/40:08:17:50:08/00:00:5c:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>     2014-06-13T07:34:33.892517+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.432215] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR }     2014-06-13T07:34:33.892519+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.432217] ata3.00: error: { UNC }     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003455+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543056] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003476+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543074] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled sense code     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003480+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543076] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:34:34.003483+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543078] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003486+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543080] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:34:34.003488+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543082] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor]     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003491+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543085] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003502+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543086]         72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00      2014-06-13T07:34:34.003503+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543095]         5c 08 50 17      2014-06-13T07:34:34.003504+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543099] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:34:34.003505+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543110] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003505+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543111] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:34:34.003506+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543112] Read(10): 28 00 5c 08 50 10 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003507+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543116] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1544048663     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003508+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543118] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 3270402     2014-06-13T07:34:34.003509+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6747.543127] ata3: EH complete     2014-06-13T07:34:36.758454+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.295735] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0     2014-06-13T07:34:36.758484+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.295740] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000008     2014-06-13T07:34:36.758488+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.295743] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED     2014-06-13T07:34:36.758492+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.295750] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:00:10:50:08/00:00:5c:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in     2014-06-13T07:34:36.758496+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.295750]          res 41/40:08:17:50:08/00:00:5c:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>     2014-06-13T07:34:36.758499+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.295752] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR }     2014-06-13T07:34:36.758502+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.295754] ata3.00: error: { UNC }     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932467+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469333] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932495+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469351] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled sense code     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932501+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469354] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:34:36.932504+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469355] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932507+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469357] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:34:36.932510+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469359] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor]     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932514+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469362] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932534+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469364]         72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00      2014-06-13T07:34:36.932546+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469372]         5c 08 50 17      2014-06-13T07:34:36.932551+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469376] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:34:36.932556+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469379] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932560+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469381] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:34:36.932564+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469382] Read(10): 28 00 5c 08 50 10 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932567+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469390] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1544048663     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932572+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469394] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 3270402     2014-06-13T07:34:36.932576+05:00 suse kernel: [ 6750.469420] ata3: EH complete     2014-06-13T07:36:15.441806+05:00 suse su: (to root) procyon on /dev/pts/5     2014-06-13T07:53:20.731456+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.286421] ata3: failed to read log page 10h (errno=-5)     2014-06-13T07:53:20.731483+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.286429] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0     2014-06-13T07:53:20.731487+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.286431] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000008     2014-06-13T07:53:20.731488+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.286434] ata3.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED     2014-06-13T07:53:20.731490+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.286440] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:00:10:59:6d/00:00:60:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in     2014-06-13T07:53:20.731493+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.286440]          res 40/00:00:10:59:6d/00:00:60:00:00/40 Emask 0x1 (device error)     2014-06-13T07:53:20.731495+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.286443] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }     2014-06-13T07:53:20.740442+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.296009] ata3.00: both IDENTIFYs aborted, assuming NODEV     2014-06-13T07:53:20.740462+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.296013] ata3.00: revalidation failed (errno=-2)     2014-06-13T07:53:20.740464+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.296018] ata3: hard resetting link     2014-06-13T07:53:21.045453+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.599792] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)     2014-06-13T07:53:21.065444+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.620355] ata3.00: both IDENTIFYs aborted, assuming NODEV     2014-06-13T07:53:21.065467+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7873.620359] ata3.00: revalidation failed (errno=-2)     2014-06-13T07:53:26.045451+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.595494] ata3: hard resetting link     2014-06-13T07:53:26.350457+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.900156] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395504+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945713] ata3.00: both IDENTIFYs aborted, assuming NODEV     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395516+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945717] ata3.00: revalidation failed (errno=-2)     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395518+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945719] ata3.00: disabled     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395520+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945752] ata3: EH complete     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395522+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945774] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395523+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945775] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395525+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945776] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395528+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945777] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395529+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945778] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 59 10 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395531+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945782] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617778960     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395532+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945784] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12486690     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395534+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945863] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395535+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945868] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395537+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945869] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395538+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945872] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395540+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945873] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 59 10 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395541+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945882] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617778960     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395543+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945885] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12486690     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395544+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.945997] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395546+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946000] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395547+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946002] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395548+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946004] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395550+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946005] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 59 80 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395551+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946012] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617779072     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395552+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946015] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12486704     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395554+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946076] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395555+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946080] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395557+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946082] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395558+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946085] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395560+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946100] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 5a 00 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395562+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946141] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617779200     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395563+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946152] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12486720     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395580+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946192] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395582+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946194] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395584+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946195] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395585+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946196] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395587+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946197] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 5b 00 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395588+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946202] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617779456     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395590+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946203] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12486752     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395592+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946221] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395593+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946223] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395595+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946224] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395596+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946224] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395598+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946227] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 5d 00 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395599+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946228] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617779968     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395601+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946229] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12486816     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395602+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946245] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395608+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946254] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395611+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946254] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395612+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946255] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395615+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946258] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 61 00 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395616+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946259] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617780992     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395618+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946260] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12486944     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395624+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946281] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395626+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946282] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.395628+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946284] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395629+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946285] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.395634+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946286] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 69 00 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395636+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946295] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617783040     2014-06-13T07:53:26.395637+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946297] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12487200     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396515+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946314] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396522+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946315] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.396524+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946316] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396527+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946318] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.396529+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946319] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 79 00 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396531+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946323] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617787136     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396533+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946325] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12487712     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396534+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946344] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396536+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946346] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.396538+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946347] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396540+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946348] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.396542+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946349] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d 99 00 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396544+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946354] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1617795328     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396546+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946356] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 12488736     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396548+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946374] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396550+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946376] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.396552+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946377] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396554+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946379] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      2014-06-13T07:53:26.396556+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946379] Read(10): 28 00 60 6d d9 08 00 00 08 00     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396557+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946401] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled error code     2014-06-13T07:53:26.396560+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946403] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc]       2014-06-13T07:53:26.396561+05:00 suse kernel: [ 7878.946404] Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK      Unfortunately, I can't figure out at which block/sector did the issue occur, so I can restart ddrescue from that point on, skipping the troublesome area. For now, The same was the case with testdisk when I tried to list the files for recovery; after I had painstakingly selected all the files to copy, testdisk failed to copy a single one of them because the drive had disappeared during the scanning I think. For now, I have restarted ddrescue with this :               ddrescue -n -v -T 30 -A --retrim -d -i 150G --skip-size=500k,10M --min-read-rate=50k /dev/sdc2 /media/rescue/Drive2.img /media/rescue/Drive2.log      But as it is bound to repeat the disappearing drive phenomenon again and producing an incomplete/almost-useless image, I really need some help in figuring out a way to skip the sectors that are causing this problem, or any other tips to recover the data.


title: Run remote shell daemon as non root user with tab-completion

text: I need to run any "remote shell daemon" (ssh, telnet, netcat, socat... I don't mind) as **non-root user**. The remote shell should provide _tab-completion_ and I want to be able to _browse history using arrows_. I am currently using a netcat-based solution, but I _loose tab-completion_ and I am unable to _browse history_ using arrows On server side :               # Run the "remote shell daemon"     $ mkfifo fifo     $ nc -l 2000 <fifo | /bin/bash &> fifo     $ rm fifo      On client side :               # Connect to the remote shell     $ nc $REMOTE_ADDR 2000      Adding the `-i` or `-l` argument to bash does not help.


title: How to restart KDE window decorations without loosing the running X session

text: For graphics editing of some special graphics formats I am using a java program called imagej. This has the annoying bug that one special function tends to kill KDE's window decorations if it has too many images open. At the moment I solve this by switching to a `tty` and restarting the `kdm` service. The downside of this solution is that I am kicked out of my running X session which may result in some lost work if there were still unsaved files open. Is there another way to restart my window decorations without getting logged out of my current X session? As it may be of importance:   * Kubuntu 12.04   * KDE 4.10 from the `kubuntu-ppa/backports` repo. Same problem already occurred with the stock KDE 4.8.5 from kubuntu 12.04


title: Where does "graphical shell" stand in the hierarchy of "windowing system, window manager, desktop environment"?

text: Today for the first time, I heard about "graphical shell" from that Unity of Ubuntu : > Unity is a graphical shell for the GNOME desktop environment developed by > Canonical Ltd. and > Graphical shells provide means for manipulating programs based on graphical > user interface (GUI), by allowing for operations such as opening, closing, > moving and resizing windows, as well as switching focus between windows. > **Graphical shells may be included with desktop environments or come > separately, even as a set of loosely coupled utilities.** I want to fit this new concept "graphical shell" into what I have heard about the hierarchy of "windowing system, window manager, desktop environment". Where does "graphical shell" stand in the hierarchy of "windowing system, window manager, desktop enviroment"? Is it part of one of the three? Unity and its alternative GNOME Shell both seem to be part of the GNOME desktop environment. So I guess graphical shells belong to desktop environments. But the quote says "Graphical shells may be included with desktop environments or come separately, even as a set of loosely coupled utilities." Also there is this table seeming to suggest something. Thanks.


title: One liner for padding columns (similar to printf) of output from the previous pipe command?

text: I'd normally use `printf` to pad each cell with enough whitespace to maintain header position over its respective column. Ultimately I can just iterate over each line of the output and do enough `cut` invocations so that I `printf` each line, but that seems like a horribly inefficient way of going about it. Is there a way I can turn the above output into a pretty printed format without going multiple lines or multiple calls to the same utilities?


title: Can I use and install Ubuntu packages in Debian?

text: I'm looking to install Linux Mint on my main work computer. Presently, I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 on it after upgrading from 9.10 (both 64bit). Previously, I have always backed up and formatted my hard disks, installing from scratch, as the distribution upgrades typically screw things up and slow things down. The problem is that usually, doing this kind of upgrade takes a long time, about a whole man-day, from backing up to installing the new system to installing and configuring all of my software, etc. I don't really have this kind of time laying around to spend 8-12 hours every four months to upgrade things. I'm pretty much ready to convert over to Linux Mint, my main decision is between the Ubuntu based version or the Debian one. My main question is if I can install Ubuntu packages and packages from Launchpad on LMDE (Linux Mint Debian Edition). I want a rolling version, I like living on the bleeding edge. Is it possible to essentially use Debian like Ubuntu, except keep it rolling?


title: Debian Lenny, Which mailserver to setup?

text: I want to setup a Debian box to handle all email for my domain. I can point my mx record to the box but... what software do I need on there.. I've seen Postfix and Courie.. are these okay for what I need? I only have one address at the moment but will need something scalable to maybe handle a couple more domains and up to 20 users. I've been doing some research and I can only find tuts on ISP style mailservers capable of handling thousands of domains. I'm not asking for details but a push in the right direction would be nice. Cheers


title: FreeBSD and Windows show different times

text: In a dual-boot system, I usually use FreeBSD 9 but when I boot to Windows 7 my system time in both OS automatically change and show incorrect time. What's the problem and How can I solve it?


title: list the difference and overlap between two plain data set

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Linux tools to treat files as sets and perform set operations on them I have two data sets, A and B. The format for each data set is one number per line. For instance,               12345     23456     67891     2345900     12345      Some of the data in A are not included in data set B. How to list all of these data in A, and how to list all of those data shared by A and B. How can I do that using Linux/UNIX commands?


title: How to create a user with given password on SuSE from command line?

text: I need to create bunch of new users with given password. What I want is a script that I would pass the user name of new user and it will create/add the user and set its password. (the password is the same for all new users - no security issues here.) Any suggestions how to do that on SuSE from command line?


title: why does my emacs whitespace mode add "Â" to my buffer?

text: I'm using Putty to ssh into a RedHat box, and I'm running GNU emacs inside the putty ssh window. When I turn on whitespace-mode using M-x whitespace mode, I notice I see a "Â" before each space or tab character:               Â·Â·Â·Â·thisÂ·isÂ·someÂ·spaces$     Â»       thisÂ·isÂ·aÂ·tab$      has anyone seen this before? I suspect its because of my terminal settings.


title: Linux Mint freezes while downloading eclipse

text: I installed linux mint on parallels on my mac computer. It seemed to work fine and then, while downloading eclipse from Software Manager the entire system froze when it got to 40%. I've tried restrating the VM and the computer. It freezes at exactly 40%.


title: How to run my script after SuSE finished booting up?

text: I want my server to notify me (via growl) that the (re)booting finished. I have the php file that sends out the growl ready but I do not know what file I should add the line in. What file I need to add my code so it is run only after booting of SuSE finished?


title: Use cgroup to limit the memory usage of virtualbox

text: I am trying to use `cgroup` (Control Group) to limit the memory usage of virtualbox, but it does not seem to work. My machine is:               $ uname -a     Linux fc.bgi 2.6.40-4.fc15.i686 #1 SMP Fri Jul 29 18:54:39 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux      I tried to get it to work like this:   1. Creating new cgroups under memory hierarchy:              $ cgcreate -g memory:vbox        2. Setting memory.limit_in_bytes for vbox:              $ cgset -r memory.limit_in_bytes=512M vbox        3. Grouping vbox running pid to vbox:              $ cgclassify -g memory:vbox 20015      Can someone explain why this is not working?


title: Organizing messy folder based on filetype

text: I have music lying on my desktop and in my downloads and Music folders. Similarly, I have .odt files lying all over my home folder (mainly desktop). Is there a tool (preferably GUI so my parents can use it later) that sorts all these files into folders (/music, /docs, /others) for some peace of mind?


title: Fork: Negative return value

text: From the fork(2) man page:               RETURN VALUE        On success, the PID of the child process is returned in the parent, and        0 is returned in the child.  On failure, -1 is returned in the  parent,        no child process is created, and errno is set appropriately.      I am wondering about the reasons that would make a fork call fail. What are the case scenarios where fork returns -1? I am writing a standard Unix shell in C. How should I handle the error?


title: Is there a CD/DVD disk reading test tool for Linux?

text: When I was using DOS and Windows I've seen quite a selection of tools to check optical disks for readability and benchmark an optical drive itself. Most of them were even visualising the results in form of a pretty chart. Are there any such for GNU/Linux OSes? I'd prefer to have a full-featured visual GUI tool, but for the particular case I've got now, I just need to check if my CD drive can read every byte of a particular heavily-scratched CD-RW disk.


title: curl ignores interface parameter

text: My Ubuntu 12.04 laptop is connected to the Internet by WiFi and to the intranet by cable. I would like to get the content of an intranet site via `curl` and have tried the following:               curl --interface eth0:1 intranet.bfs.admin.ch      the result is               curl: (6) Couldn't resolve host 'intranet.bfs.admin.ch'      When I disconnect the WiFi it works fine According to the man page this should work. I also tried (to no avail)               curl --interface eth0:0 intranet.bfs.admin.ch     curl --interface eth0 intranet.bfs.admin.ch     curl --interface 10.147.128.132 intranet.bfs.admin.ch      I should mention that it is important that the WiFi stay the default interface.


title: Setting SVN permissions with davsvnauthz

text: There seems to be a path inheritance issue which is boggling me over access restrictions. For instance, if I grant `rw` access one group/user, and wish to restrict it some `/../../secret` to none, it promptly spits in my face. Here is an example of what I'm trying to achieve in dav_svn.authz               [groups]     grp_W = a, b, c, g     grp_X = a, d, f, e     grp_Y = a, e,          [/]     * =      @grp_Y = rw          [somerepo1:/projectPot]     @grp_W = rw          [somerepo2:/projectKettle]     @grp_X = rw      What is expected: `grp_Y` has `rw` access to all repositories, while `grp_W` and `grp_X` only have access to their respective repositories. What occurs: `grp_Y` has access to all repositories, while `grp_W` and `grp_X` have access to nothing If I flip the access ordering where I give everyone access and restrict it in each repository, it promply ignores the invalidation rule (stripping of rights) and gives everyone the access granted at the root level. Forgoing groups, it performs the same with user specific provisions; even fully defined such as:               [/]     a = rw     b =      c =      d =      e =     f =      g = rw          [somerepo1:/projectPot]     a = rw     b = rw     c = rw     d =     e = rw     f =     g = rw          [somerepo2:/projectKettle]     a = rw     b     c     d = rw     e = rw     f = rw     g      Which yields the exact same result. According to the **documentation** I'm following all protocols so this is insane. Running on Apache2 with dav_svn


title: Format output of xargs

text: I would like to change the format of the output xargs displays cat k.txt 1 2 3 And               cat k.txt | xargs      1 2 3      However I would like to have 1, 2, 3 or 1|2|3. Any suggestions?


title: Why is badblocks segfaulting?

text: I am trying to check a mounted partition to see if the drive has errors:               [root@virtuality ~]# /sbin/badblocks -v /dev/sdb1     Segmentation fault      **Uh oh**. What does this mean? Why is `badblocks` segfaulting? Can I fix it? (System is CentOS release 4.6, drive is an SATA drive) **EDIT:** Using `strace`:               [root@virtuality ~]# strace /sbin/badblocks -v /dev/sdb1     ...[snip]...     open("/dev/sdb1", O_RDONLY)             = 3     ioctl(3, BLKGETSIZE, 0x7fbffff878)      = 0     close(3)                                = 0     open("/dev/sdb1", O_RDONLY)             = 3     --- SIGSEGV (Segmentation fault) @ 0 (0) ---     +++ killed by SIGSEGV +++


title: Installation Error Message Re: Samba4

text: Whenever I install software or get a software update, I'm always getting a Samba4 error. Here's a capture: > Errors were encountered while processing: samba4 Error in function: Setting > up samba4 (4.0.0+dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ... ERROR(): uncaught exception - unable to > parse dn string File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/samba/netcmd/ > **init**.py", line 175, in _run return self.run(*args, **kwargs) File > "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/samba/netcmd/dbcheck.py", line 108, in run > fix=fix, yes=yes, quiet=quiet, in_transaction=started_transaction) File > "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/samba/dbchecker.py", line 56, in **init** > self.infrastructure_dn = ldb.Dn(samdb, "CN=Infrastructure," + > samdb.domain_dn()) dpkg: error processing samba4 (--configure): subprocess > installed post-installation script returned error exit status 255 This particular error occurred after installing Cheese Webcam Booth in Xubuntu 13.04 using the Ubuntu Software Center. I grabbed these details after the installer told me a package operation failed. Cheese seems to have installed just fine. So, this is a nuisance error more than anything else. I'm not even sure Samba4 is misbehaving, as I can print to a shared Windows printer. Ideas on how to eliminate the messages? Should I uninstall and purge Samba4 and then reinstall?


title: Can't reboot with systemctl

text: I'm running openbox, and I'm trying to reboot with systemctl, but I got the following error message:               %> systemctl reboot     Failed to issue method call: Unix process subject does not have uid set     Failed to issue method call: Access denied      From the output of strace, it is reading the session file, `open("/run/systemd/sessions/2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4` And I do have a line `UID=1000` in that file. So I don't get it now, any ideas? **EDIT** Output of `loginctl show-session $XDG_SESSION_ID`               Id=1     Timestamp=Sun 2013-09-01 07:36:33 CST     TimestampMonotonic=14829938     DefaultControlGroup=systemd:/user/1000.user/1.session     VTNr=3     TTY=tty3     Remote=no     Service=login     Leader=1052     Audit=1     Type=tty     Class=user     Active=yes     State=active     KillProcesses=no     IdleHint=yes     IdleSinceHint=1377992182133333     IdleSinceHintMonotonic=3145123     Name=XX


title: Which linux distribution is best for multimedia and gaming?

text: I am looking for a Linux distribution which has good multimedia and gaming support for my laptop.


title: Skype install - debian amd64. libdbus issues

text: I have looked quite thoroughly for an answer to this question to no avail. I am trying to install Skype on Debian amd64 (with Xfce, which shouldn't make any difference...). After installing Skype the ''normal'' way               #dpkg --add-architecture i386     #apt-get update     #wget -O skype.deb http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb     #dpkg -i skype.deb      some dependencies cannot be satisfied, so I tried:               #apt-get install -f      to fix the broken packages. But this only seems to remove skype. So, something is seriously wrong. In particular these dependencies:               libqt4-dbus:i386     libqt4-network:i386     libqtwebkit4:i386      are not met. I am, however, unable to install any of them. I end up having to install `libdbus-1-3:i386`, but it will break `libdbus-1-3`, which in turn breaks `libdbus-1-3:i386`.               The following packages have unmet dependencies:         libdbus-1-3 : Breaks: libdbus-1-3:i386 (!= 1.6.8-1+deb7u1) but 1.6.8-1 is to be installed         libdbus-1-3:i386 : Breaks: libdbus-1-3 (!= 1.6.8-1) but 1.6.8-1+deb7u1 is to be installed         skype:i386 : Depends: libqt4-dbus:i386 (>= 4:4.5.3) but it is not going to be installed                      Depends: libqt4-network:i386 (>= 4:4.8.0) but it is not going to be installed                      Depends: libqtwebkit4:i386 (>= 2.1.0~2011week13) but it is not going to be installed      There is one word in German for this situation: zwickenmuehle. An ideas?


title: Cygwin : make install up to date problem

text: I have installed **mingw-gcc: GNU Compiler Collection** using the setup of **Cygwin**. When running "make install" command :               $ make install      And I get this message :               make: `install' is up to date.      What might be the reasons? And how can I fix this? Thanks!


title: How to create a GUI in shell script without any third party libs just like setup command

text: How to create a GUI in shell script without any third party libs (like setup command)


Linux: I need to create installer for my own application using shell script. I need to distribute my application as installer without GUI and also not as rpm's or any other packages. My application is java based. My installer should work in all Linux platforms (RHEL/ubuntu). Please suggest me steps to do or any tool which is open source ???


title: Arch linux vmware workstation 9 installation problem

text: After partitioning the drive and installing archlinux after reboot I get this error:               piix4_smbus 0000:00:07.3: Host SMBus controller not enabled.     sda1: WRITE SAME failed. Manually zeroing.      Then enters emergency mode.


title: Linux commands to fetch all files,size and path of files from all directories and subdirectories

text: Can anyone please guide me, how do I use Linux commands in PHP code to fetch all files names and their size and path of files from all directories and subdirectories. I am running a scan code. where I need to fetch the files and perform a scan. The issue is that when I run on linux server it takes too long to perform the scan. So, i thought of adding linux commands to my php script and check that if server is linux then instead of my function, those coomands can be used and hence increase increase the speed of scan.


title: Where are the variables stored for mate-calc?

text: I know that there's no way to delete them by default in the application, but they have to be stored somewhere? I'm pretty handy with the command line, so I can do some such there. I believe that mate-calc is based on gcalctool, so perhaps the solution to one is the same as the other?


title: How to recover from this NIS & NFS client error?

text: I have a centralized NIS and NFS server on my server. I use this server to control 100 Linux clients, `/$home/` directory and authentication are served by the centralized server. The other day in one of my clients unfortunately I disconnected the Ethernet connection (from the top panel), and the whole set- up was collapsed. Now I cannot login to that machine. It shows sort of `yp bind error`. I'm using ubuntu 12.04 LTS. kindly help me out.


title: Multi Head monitor with Intel HD Graphics - random black screen

text: I experience some troubles with a 3-head monitors configuration :   * hardware is an Intel NUC Core i5 - HD Graphics 4000 with 3 outputs (1 HDMI, 2 Mini-DP)   * debian wheezy, kernel 3.2 My Xorg configuration works well: one desktop on three screens, with xrandr commands to resize each screen and set position ... but the result is exactly what I need and works fine. Randomly at X start, one of the 3 screens - generally the same but sometimes another - remains black (not really black, more in stand by). And randomly 3 works well. For xrandr and xset q, everything is ok. I can get the black screen back with a:               xset dpms force off && xset dpms force on      (a `chvt 6 && chvt 7` works well too) This command gives me the 3 screens back, or one of these remains black (not always the same), but at 3th or 4th attempt, it's ok. The problem is exactly the same with different monitors and different NUC. The point is I want it working by itself, without any interactions. So I'm searching a way:   * to detect when one monitor is in this "black" mode (to run automaticaly the xset command until all screens are ok). But I have no leads to detect that.   * or to be sure the screens are "waked up", as a regular poke How can I solve this?


title: Create cron as a apache user and run as root user

text: I am creating this cron as apache user and want to run this cron as root, below is my code snippet:               # Create a cron job to restart apache     cron_file="/etc/cron.d/restart_apache_crontab"     cron_job="*/1 * * * * root condrestart-apache.sh"     echo "$cron_job" > $cron_file     chmod 777 $cron_file     exit 0      Provided sufficient privileges to cron.d directory (changes directory group to apache user) and script generated a cron file restart_apache_crontab at /etc/cron.d/ using the above script condrestart-apache.sh contains below code and has sufficient access permissions for apache user:               rm -f /etc/cron.d/restart_apache_crontab     /sbin/service httpd restart > restart-apache.log      This will first remove cron and then restart apache (means cron will run only for 1 time) I am able to create cron as apache user but not able to execute it as root user. Please help me on this.. code snippet will be really helpful..


title: Rhel7: telnet: no route to host

text: I have installed RHEL7 GA version, and installed the xinetd and telnet packages. But when I am trying to `telnet` from another host to RHEL 7 its giving this error:               Trying 10.235.x.x...     telnet: connect to address 10.235.x.x: No route to host     telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: No route to host But I am able to telnet from RHEL7 host to any other host.               rpm -qa|grep telnet       telnet-server-0.17-59.el7.x86_64       telnet-0.17-59.el7.x86_64          rpm -qa|grep xinetd       xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64


title: AIX question on cp command

text: I have come across an issue with cp command. We are using ksh and cp command goes like below               cp -p $PATH/file_name_${VARIABLE}_???.dat $PATH/file_name_to.dat      ??? - is for any three digit numbers. This has been running in a job for long time without any issues. All of a sudden, today this job failed with this error.               **cp -p $PATH/file_name_20140911_942.dat $PATH/file_name_20140911_942.dat $PATH/file_name_to.dat     cp: $PATH/file_name_to.dat: A file or directory in the path name does not exist.**      $PATH was expanded correctly in our job log. Could someone clarify me what could have caused the from file to appear twice in cp command which caused it to fail.