title: Running cron script with lynx fails to work

text: I'm trying to automate a login process that can only be done through a browser. I am using the lynx browser to script the actions required to do this. Lynx does this by dumping a user's keystrokes into a file and then it allows a flag: `-cmd_script=scriptfile` to load the script. I invoke lynx:               lynx -accept_all_cookies -cmd_script="myscript.lynx" www.example.com      From my interactive terminal, the resulting script works perfectly for me. I have cron run the task and it doesn't work. I checked /var/log/everything.log and I noticed that when the script ran, lynx asks:               Your Terminal type is unknown!     Enter a terminal type: [vt100]      To fix this, I used the flag `-term=linux` which stopped the issue, but the login process still did not seem to get past the first page (by looking at the log file). I've tried as many suggestions as I could find. I copied the results from env (in the interactive terminal) and pasted them into the script to see if the environment would fix it, but alas it did not. Another note: My login process involves a redirect (which doesn't redirect in the lynx browser so I just follow the link it gives)


title: Writing a driver to fool *nix systems about having a GPU

text: I'm into something about writing a "Mock GPU driver" for *nix based systems. What I mean is that, simply I want to write a driver (Behind X-server obviously) to answer X's API calls with some debugging messages. In other words I want to fool *nix system about having an actual GPU. So I can make a test-bed for GUI-accelerated packages in console based systems. Right now, if I execute a GUI-accelerated package in *nix console based systems; it'll simply dies due to lack of a real GPU (or a GPU driver better I'd say). **So I want to know:**   * Is it even possible? (Writing a GPU driver to fool *nix about having an actual GPU)   * What resources do you recommend before getting my hands dirty in code?   * Is there any similar projects around the net? PS: I'm an experienced ANSI-C programmer but I don't have any clue in real Kernel/Driver development under *nix (read some tutorials about USB driver development though), so any resources about these areas will be really appreciated as well. Thanks in advance.


title: Find all occurances in a file with sed

text: Using OPEN STEP 4.2 OS... I am currently using the following `sed` Command:               sed -n '1,/141.299.99.1/p' TESTFILE | tail -3      This command will find one instance in a file with the ip of 141.299.99.1 and also include 3 lines before it which is all good, with the exception that I would also like to find all the instances of the IP and the 3 lines before it and not just the first.


title: bash 'nounset' on sub-shell/child doesn't force main script to exit, how to workaround that globally?

text: With this script: _tstNounset.sh_               #!/bin/bash     set -x      set -o nounset;set -u          echo `echo $str`     function FUNC1() { echo $str; };export -f FUNC1;bash -c FUNC1     function FUNC2() { set -u;echo $str; };export -f FUNC2;bash -c FUNC2     echo "A - should not reach here?"     echo $str     echo "B - doesnt reach here."      I would like to prevent reaching "A", in a global manner, not requiring to check each variable for it. Also without using `set -e` (as I take care of errors and workaround most already, as many also are only warnings) I thought if there could have some way to detect **"unbound variable"** happened even from subshell/child, so I could force an exit from that? I couldnt make things work from How to have a bash script perform a specific action on errors of _each_ command? or How to trigger error using Trap command also. I found this old question too.


title: Bash code runs correctly when it is executed in terminal but does not work properly when executed using udev

text: I am trying to move various files present in a pendrive into their respective folders on PC. ie ,Music files into music folder,text files into Documents and so on.. I have written a script for that and it is working fine(all files are being moved into their respective folders) when I execute by typing ./cpphone.sh but when I use a udev rule the script not executing correctly (No files are being moved into their folders) however the echo's are being stored into the file testlog.txt. So the script is being executed but files are not being moved.Why is it so?. Script is owned by the root. My Udev rule is ACTION=="add", RUN+="/lib/udev/cpphone.sh" My script is                   #!/bin/bash         echo Hello > /home/ArunReddy/testlog.txt         exec 1>/dev/null 2>&1           DIR=$(date +%d-%m-%y)               if [ ! -d /home/ArunReddy/Pictures/"$DIR" ];         then             cd /home/ArunReddy/Pictures/         mkdir $DIR         fi              if [ ! -d /home/ArunReddy/Pictures/"$DIR" ];         then         cd /home/ArunReddy/Documents/             mkdir $DIR         fi              if [ ! -d /home/ArunReddy/Videos/"$DIR" ];         then         cd /home/ArunReddy/Videos/         mkdir $DIR         fi              if [ ! -d /home/ArunReddy/Music/"$DIR" ];         then         cd /home/ArunReddy/Music/         mkdir $DIR         fi              cd /run/media/ArunReddy/121C-E137         mv *.png /home/ArunReddy/Pictures/$DIR/         echo pngfilecmd executed>/home/ArunReddy/testlog.txt         mv *.jpg /home/ArunReddy/Pictures/$DIR/         mv *.bmp /home/ArunReddy/Pictures/$DIR/         mv *.txt /home/ArunReddy/Documents/$DIR/         mv *.odt /home/ArunReddy/Documents/$DIR/         mv *.doc /home/ArunReddy/Documents/$DIR/         mv *.pptx /home/ArunReddy/Documents/$DIR/         mv *.pdf /home/ArunReddy/Documents/$DIR/         mv *.ppt /home/ArunReddy/Documents/$DIR/         mv *.docx /home/ArunReddy/Documents/$DIR/         mv *.avi /home/ArunReddy/Videos/$DIR/         mv *.flv /home/ArunReddy/Videos/$DIR/         mv *.MP4 /home/ArunReddy/Videos/$DIR/         mv *.mpeg /home/ArunReddy/Videos/$DIR/         mv *.MP3 /home/ArunReddy/Music/$DIR/         exit


title: Masquerading a From address in the format servername@mycompany.local in sendmail

text: * Oracle Linux 5.10   * Sendmail version 8.13.8 I'm attempting to send email from a linux server to an Exchange Server and have it delivered to an external address.   Emails are currently being delivered to the exchanges server but are not being forwarded.   The exchange admin at our company tells me that I need to masquerade the From: address to be in the format of servername@mycompany.local.   I currently have the following values set in `sendmail.mc`:                  dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`gordmans.com')dnl        dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(gordmans.com)dnl      I am still getting a ctladdr in the maillog of "servername.mycompany.net", which is the same as the output of hostname -f How do I configure sendmail to send the right From: address?


title: What modules in the Linux source code take care of hot-pluggability?

text: Could someone shed more light on the code/modules that are responsible for the hot-pluggabilty of the hardware used in Linux machines?


title: CentOs eth2 wont start on reboot

text: I have Cent OS 6.4 inside my virtualbox with two ethernet devices. One is connected to the internet with NAT, the other is connected to the internal network. here is my eth2 config file               cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2      DEVICE=eth2      BOOTPROTO=none      NM_CONTROLLED=no     ONBOOT=yes      NAME='internal network'     NETWORK=10.0.1.0      NETMASK=255.255.255.0      IPADDR=10.0.1.27      USERCTL=no      if I run               /etc/init.d/network restart      the interface gets set up and everything works, but I have to run that after each reboot. How can I have that network configured after a reboot too. I thought **ONBOOT** was the only flag I needed. Edit: I had run               # chkconfig network on     # chkconfig | grep network       network           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off      Edit2: The problem vas that NetworkManager was on and the settings got overriden. Solved it with:               chkconfig NetworkManager off


title: How to limit the number of messages sent through a mail server?

text: I am running a small server on a LAN and do not expect more than a couple dozen emails an hour or so. A user on the LAN accidentally set off a few thousand emails at once. Is there a tool or setting (using exim4, but any popular open source MTA available on Ubuntu will do) that could temporarily block such episodes or at least send a notification so that the excitement can be contained? Nothing came up in a quick search, so even useful search terms would be helpful as an answer.


title: How Debian package should create user accounts?

text: The package `qqq.deb` installs the program `qqq` that should run from `uqqq` user account. The package consist of the `qqq` program, `qqq.conf` config file and `/etc/init.d/qqq` initscript. How should the package manage the creation of user `uqqq`? Are there any best practices or official guidelines about this?   1. Just create the user automatically `uqqq` in postinst;   2. Create the user automatically on first startup from `/etc/init.d/qqq` script;   3. Create the user automatically on first startup of `qqq` program (without arguments)   4. Don't create any user accounts, refuse to start unless the user is explicitly created by administrator (for example, using `qqq --create-user`);   5. Don't create any user accounts, run unsafely from root by default;   6. Interactively ask in postinst, init.d script or the `qqq` itself whether to create a user. Should the package remove the user account when uninstalled?


title: How to manage getops argument assignation

text: This is my first question. I'm trying to make a small script with options and I'm using `getopts` to do it. The weird thing is: The argument don't get assigned to the variable or it always enter the `if` codeblock (that seems the problem). Here is the script:               #!/bin/bash          function work () {         echo "It Works" }          function help () {         echo "Print some help and options" }          while getopts ha:b: OPT; do         case $OPT in             -h)                 help                 exit                 ;;             -a)             OPTA=$OPTARG             ;;             -b)             OPTB=$OPTARG                 ;;             \?)             help                 break                 ;;         esac done          echo $OPTB          if  [[ -z $OPTB ]]; then         echo "ERROR. Needs OPTB"     fi          if [[ -n $OPTB ]]; then         echo "All OK untill here"         work     fi      It allways prints the ERROR message.


title: how to calculate the average value of the column(big number of columns) that have the row ID?

text: I want to calculate the average value of my data when they have the same ID in the first column. I want to calculate the average values for the remaining columns that have the same value in the first column. I know how to do it for one column, but I got difficulty in doing the average for the whole columns I have. Here is my sample data File name: abraham               year    1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  45  46  47  48  49  50  51  52  53  54     1929    7.5 0   7.78    3.695   1.139   0.186   -0.074  -0.205  -0.323  -0.434  -0.539  -0.639  -0.735  -0.916  -1.085  -1.241  -1.387  -1.522  -1.818  -2.058  -2.247  -2.389  -2.488  -2.551  -2.582  -2.521  -2.404  -2.262  -2.118  -1.987  -1.872  -1.775  -1.691  -1.628  -1.578  -1.484  -1.395  -1.311  -1.229  -1.151  -1.075  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1929    6.11    0   6.112   3.536   1.227   0.252   -0.063  -0.201  -0.32   -0.43   -0.535  -0.634  -0.73   -0.91   -1.078  -1.234  -1.379  -1.512  -1.806  -2.046  -2.236  -2.378  -2.478  -2.54   -2.573  -2.515  -2.402  -2.262  -2.119  -1.988  -1.873  -1.776  -1.692  -1.629  -1.578  -1.484  -1.395  -1.311  -1.229  -1.151  -1.075  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1929    2.22    0   2.227   2.542   1.022   0.222   -0.058  -0.198  -0.317  -0.427  -0.531  -0.63   -0.725  -0.905  -1.072  -1.227  -1.371  -1.505  -1.798  -2.038  -2.227  -2.37   -2.471  -2.533  -2.567  -2.512  -2.4    -2.262  -2.12   -1.989  -1.874  -1.776  -1.693  -1.63   -1.579  -1.485  -1.395  -1.311  -1.229  -1.151  -1.075  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1929    2.78    0   2.779   1.993   0.819   0.18    -0.056  -0.195  -0.314  -0.424  -0.527  -0.626  -0.721  -0.9    -1.066  -1.221  -1.364  -1.498  -1.79   -2.03   -2.219  -2.362  -2.464  -2.526  -2.562  -2.509  -2.399  -2.262  -2.12   -1.99   -1.875  -1.777  -1.693  -1.63   -1.579  -1.485  -1.396  -1.311  -1.229  -1.151  -1.075  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1930    0.83    0   0.833   0.85    0.354   0.073   -0.052  -0.187  -0.305  -0.414  -0.517  -0.614  -0.708  -0.885  -1.049  -1.202  -1.344  -1.477  -1.768  -2.006  -2.196  -2.34   -2.442  -2.508  -2.549  -2.5    -2.395  -2.261  -2.122  -1.992  -1.877  -1.779  -1.695  -1.631  -1.58   -1.485  -1.396  -1.311  -1.23   -1.151  -1.076  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1930    -0.28   0   -0.278  0.461   0.242   0.049   -0.052  -0.185  -0.302  -0.411  -0.513  -0.61   -0.704  -0.88   -1.044  -1.196  -1.338  -1.47   -1.761  -1.999  -2.188  -2.332  -2.435  -2.502  -2.544  -2.498  -2.394  -2.261  -2.122  -1.992  -1.878  -1.779  -1.695  -1.631  -1.581  -1.486  -1.396  -1.312  -1.23   -1.152  -1.076  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1930    0.56    0.002   0.511   0.348   0.165   0.033   -0.052  -0.183  -0.299  -0.407  -0.509  -0.607  -0.7    -0.875  -1.038  -1.19   -1.332  -1.463  -1.753  -1.991  -2.18   -2.325  -2.429  -2.496  -2.54   -2.495  -2.393  -2.261  -2.123  -1.993  -1.878  -1.78   -1.696  -1.632  -1.581  -1.486  -1.396  -1.312  -1.23   -1.152  -1.076  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1930    3.89    0   3.884   0.96    0.243   0.041   -0.052  -0.181  -0.297  -0.404  -0.506  -0.603  -0.696  -0.87   -1.033  -1.184  -1.325  -1.457  -1.746  -1.983  -2.173  -2.318  -2.422  -2.49   -2.536  -2.492  -2.391  -2.26   -2.123  -1.994  -1.879  -1.78   -1.696  -1.632  -1.581  -1.486  -1.397  -1.312  -1.23   -1.152  -1.076  -1.002  -0.86   -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.558     1931    -7.22   0.057   -4.563  -0.299  0.035   0.007   -0.054  -0.175  -0.286  -0.391  -0.49   -0.585  -0.676  -0.847  -1.007  -1.156  -1.295  -1.425  -1.711  -1.947  -2.136  -2.282  -2.389  -2.46   -2.514  -2.478  -2.384  -2.259  -2.125  -1.996  -1.882  -1.783  -1.698  -1.633  -1.582  -1.487  -1.397  -1.312  -1.231  -1.152  -1.076  -1.003  -0.86   -0.722  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.307   0.444   0.558     1931    -6.11   0.057   -4.1    -0.663  0.004   -0.001  -0.055  -0.174  -0.284  -0.388  -0.487  -0.581  -0.672  -0.843  -1.002  -1.151  -1.289  -1.419  -1.704  -1.94   -2.129  -2.275  -2.382  -2.454  -2.51   -2.476  -2.383  -2.258  -2.125  -1.997  -1.883  -1.783  -1.698  -1.633  -1.583  -1.487  -1.397  -1.312  -1.231  -1.152  -1.076  -1.003  -0.86   -0.722  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.307   0.444   0.558     1931    -10.28  0.057   -6.362  -1.527  0   -0.001  -0.055  -0.173  -0.283  -0.386  -0.484  -0.578  -0.668  -0.839  -0.997  -1.145  -1.283  -1.413  -1.697  -1.933  -2.122  -2.268  -2.376  -2.448  -2.506  -2.473  -2.382  -2.258  -2.125  -1.998  -1.883  -1.784  -1.698  -1.633  -1.583  -1.487  -1.398  -1.312  -1.231  -1.152  -1.076  -1.003  -0.86   -0.722  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.307   0.444   0.558     1931    -10 0.057   -7.018  -2.259  -0.001  -0.001  -0.056  -0.172  -0.281  -0.384  -0.481  -0.575  -0.665  -0.834  -0.992  -1.14   -1.278  -1.406  -1.691  -1.926  -2.115  -2.261  -2.369  -2.443  -2.501  -2.47   -2.38   -2.258  -2.125  -1.998  -1.884  -1.784  -1.699  -1.634  -1.583  -1.487  -1.398  -1.313  -1.231  -1.152  -1.076  -1.003  -0.86   -0.722  -0.588  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.307   0.444   0.558      desired output               year    1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  45  46  47  48  49  50  51  52  53  54     1929    4.6525  0   4.7245  2.9415  1.05175 0.21    -0.06275    -0.19975    -0.3185 -0.42875    -0.533  -0.63225    -0.72775    -0.90775    -1.07525    -1.23075    -1.37525    -1.50925    -1.803  -2.043  -2.23225    -2.37475    -2.47525    -2.5375 -2.571  -2.51425    -2.40125    -2.262  -2.11925    -1.9885 -1.8735 -1.776  -1.69225    -1.62925    -1.5785 -1.4845 -1.39525    -1.311  -1.229  -1.151  -1.075  -1.002  -0.859  -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.559     1930    1.25    0.0005  1.2375  0.65475 0.251   0.049   -0.052  -0.184  -0.30075    -0.409  -0.51125    -0.6085 -0.702  -0.8775 -1.041  -1.193  -1.33475    -1.46675    -1.757  -1.99475    -2.18425    -2.32875    -2.432  -2.499  -2.54225    -2.49625    -2.39325    -2.26075    -2.1225 -1.99275    -1.878  -1.7795 -1.6955 -1.6315 -1.58075    -1.48575    -1.39625    -1.31175    -1.23   -1.15175    -1.076  -1.002  -0.85925    -0.721  -0.587  -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.308   0.445   0.55875     1931    -8.4025 0.057   -5.51075    -1.187  0.0095  0.001   -0.055  -0.1735 -0.2835 -0.38725    -0.4855 -0.57975    -0.67025    -0.84075    -0.9995 -1.148  -1.28625    -1.41575    -1.70075    -1.9365 -2.1255 -2.2715 -2.379  -2.45125    -2.50775    -2.47425    -2.38225    -2.25825    -2.125  -1.99725    -1.883  -1.7835 -1.69825    -1.63325    -1.58275    -1.487  -1.3975 -1.31225    -1.231  -1.152  -1.076  -1.003  -0.86   -0.722  -0.58725    -0.456  -0.328  -0.171  -0.017  0.068   0.151   0.307   0.444   0.558


title: Firefox mimetypes.rdf

text: Is it possible to create a default `mimeTypes.rdf` file for all the existing and new users ? So that whenever a user opens the firefox for the very first time, he will get the specified rdf file in his profile @ `~/.mozilla/firefox/*/mimeTypes.rdf`


title: Booting linux from usb using EFI

text: I need to use a USB drive as an installation media for my Mint and Ubuntu. For that I have unetbootin to make the usb bootable. But my PC only supports EFI boot (while adding the boot device, I need to provide an `.efi` file path etc). My question is how can I make my Linux distribution by copying some files (`.efi` file)? I have heard of a boot loader called `elilo`, but don't know how to use. And I tried rEFInd, rEFIt etc., they are booting from usb, but I don't know how to configure it to boot the Linux distribution in my usb drive.


title: Where do I download an RPM from?

text: Where do I download a source RPM from?


title: How to modify GRUB to boot from e.g.: USB or CDROM?

text: I have an installed Ubuntu (or e.g.: Fedora).   I need to boot from a CD or a pendrive.   I don't have access to the BIOS, so I can't set it to boot from a CDROM or from an USB flash drive. But I have root access to the installed Ubuntu (or e.g. Fedora).   So I though I would somehow modify the GRUB so that after the machine "boots from the HDD", the "GRUB boots from the USB flash drive". Is this possible?


title: How to lock on Solaris 10?

text: On Linux I use `flock lock command` to execute a command with an exclusive lock. What is the standard operating system command of Solaris 10 to do the same in a shell?


title: Rsync is skipping encrypted (but mounted) home directory

text: I have two user-home-directories in `/home/`, `/home/user1` and `/home/user2`, whereas `user1` is encrypted (using ecryptfs) and `user2` is not. If I use `rsync` like this (invoked as `user1` which is a `sudo` user)               sudo rsync -avX -x --compress-level=0 --stats -h  --exclude-from=excludelist --numeric-ids --link-dest=/remotpath/current/home /home/ user@host:/remotepath/incomplete/home/      and `excludelist` just contains `\- .Private` It skips `/home/user1` completely and backs up only `/home/user2`. If I remove the exclude-option same problem (but also transfers the encrypted content in `.Private`). Any idea, what may be wrong here?


title: How to initiate SMTP outbound traffic via secondary interface - Linux Sendmail

text: We have sendmail running in a RHEL box. We have two public IP address configured in the same box, one for SAP app and other for Sendmail. First interface will be used for SAP and second for Sendmail. I have `bind`ed the Sendmail daemon on secondary NIC, but when I send out a mail, traffic is getting initiated via the primary NIC and connection is getting refused as port 25 is blocked for the _this_ NIC in the firewall. Can someone please help me out to resolve this? Should I make changes in Sendmail's config to route SMTP traffic via secondary NIC, or should I play with IPtables to get this done? I need some ideas. Thanks in advance for the reply. Christopher As requested:               $ route -n     Kernel IP routing table     Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface     xxx.x.x.32      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.240 U     0      0        0 eth1     10.90.9.96      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.224 U     0      0        0 eth0     0.0.0.0         xx.x.x.33       0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth1


title: Configure dwm to automatically open applications

text: I've just got dwm configured to my liking in terms of colors and tags. I'm just looking for one more thing: the ability to have certain applications automatically start with dwm on certain tags. For example, I have a `irc` tag, I would like `irssi` to be run in that tag when I start my machine up. Is this possible? What would it look like in `config.h`?


title: Is it possible to view the list of file names of a zip file which is inside another zip file?

text: I know I can use `unzip -l file.zip` to view the file list of a zip file. But a got a zip file inside another zip file. I tried `unzip -l file.zip/sub_file.zip`, but failed. Is it possible to view the file list of the `sub_file.zip` without extract it out?


title: Do duplicate udev rules in different files cause any problems?

text: Do exact duplicate udev rules in different files cause any problems? In my case, it's an 'ADD' rule for a custom device. The rule is apparently working and I can access the device, but I don't know if there are any side-effects from having the rule show up twice.


Is this error message something that I should be worried about?               linux-y3pi:/usr/src/linux-2.6.38.8 # make modules     scripts/kconfig/conf --silentoldconfig Kconfig       CHK     include/linux/version.h       CHK     include/generated/utsrelease.h       CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh       Building modules, stage 2.       MODPOST 2516 modules     ***WARNING: modpost: Found 10 section mismatch(es).***     To see full details build your kernel with:     'make CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH=y'


title: debian - Package development, where's the path of compiled packages

text: Where's the path of compiled packages from source on debian ? for example:               git clone git://github.com/lightspark/lightspark.git     cd lightspark     dpkg-buildpackage     [...long output...]     dpkg-buildpackage: full upload; Debian-native package (full source is included)      then the packages is compiled successfully, but where the package (.deb) and source packages is located ?


title: Can anyone tell me how to install broadcom-wl-5.10.91.9.3-1.fc12.noarch.rpm?

text: [root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh wl-kmod-5.10.91.9.3-3.fc12.6.src.rpm      warning: wl-kmod-5.10.91.9.3-3.fc12.6.src.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 signature: NOKEY, key ID a3a882c1        1:wl-kmod                ########################################### [100%]     [root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh broadcom-wl-5.10.91.9.3-1.fc12.noarch.rpm      warning: broadcom-wl-5.10.91.9.3-1.fc12.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 signature: NOKEY, key ID a3a882c1     error: Failed dependencies:         wl-kmod >= 5.10.91.9.3 is needed by broadcom-wl-5.10.91.9.3-1.fc12.noarch


title: Commandline global proxy program?

text: I'm living in China, and lots of web service is not available or stable here like Github/Bitbucket/Imgur, When I'm using `wget`, `git` or some other commandline tools, I need using a proxy. Is there any tool to globally wrap socket connection in one terminal, so I don't need to memorize all the separate method for each commandline tools? I know there is some tools which can wrap std socket library.


title: upgraded to Ubuntu 13.04 Server, do-release-upgrade still shows

text: I upgraded my server to Ubuntu 13.04 Server a while ago. However, the notice that tells me there's a `New Release '13.04' available. Run 'do-release- upgrade' to upgrade to it.` still shows. Obviously, something somewhere went wrong, but everything is running fine. How can I fix this?


title: Rebinding "clear prompt" in mutt

text: By default, when entering information at the command prompt in `mutt`, you can clear the prompt with `Ctrl``g`, as described in the manual:               ^G              n/a             abort I have been trying to bind this function to `Escape`. Unfortunately, `abort` is not listed in the available functions, either in the manual, or in the source. I have tried using this in my `.muttrc`:               bind editor <esc>       abort but it throws an error: > Error in /home/jason/.mutt/muttrc, line 143: abort: no such function in map I have tried using a different map, like (`generic`) and experimented with other fictitious functions, like `clear`, to no avail. How would I bind `Escape` to clear the prompt line?


title: Byte-level versus file-level backups

text: This question is motivated from a reply by Craig Sanders. Thanks, Craig! In what case, are byte or block level backups, i.e. disk or partition image backups, more suitable than file-based backups? For example,   * for routine backup of partitions and disks,    * for case of emergency when data is lost, and one would like to create a copy and restore later, in order to perform different data recovery applications/methods to see which one actually works. One example of byte or block level backups, i.e. disk or partition image backups is `dd`. Some examples of file-based backups are `cp` and `rsync`. Thanks!


title: I can SSH and HTTP, but not ping or access particular UDP services over my LAN

text: So I've encountered a weird problem when trying to set up a Linux server running a variant of CRUX Linux. I am trying to configure it to be a Teamspeak server, but no clients can connect. The machine is on, I can SSH into it and access HTTP(S) services, and another TCP server program but I cannot ping the machine except from itself. The box is set to respond to ICMP requests, and this is the result of iptables:               Chain INPUT (policy DROP)     target     prot opt source               destination              ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:ssh      ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:http      ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:25565      ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED      ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:https           Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination      I have also tried adding an explicit rule to iptables for the port for teamspeak (9987) using:               iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s 0/0 --dport 9987 -j ACCEPT      but this makes no difference to the ability to connect. It seems like this is a network problem, but it's weird since the computer has an internet connection; it can ping other machines on the network; and I can access some of the services on it, but not, it seems, ICMP or UDP ones.


title: How to find what other machines are connected to the local network

text: How can I see a list of all machines that are available on the LAN I'm am part of.


title: Configuring screen, window problems

text: I Have recently started configuring "screen", I have included my `.screenrc` below. I have a problem that if windows 0 & 1 (containing bash) are idle for about 10 mins they will close only leaving window 2 containing irssi. Have I done something wrong? is there something i can do to stop this from happening? I have tried searching for similar problems or solutions but I am finding it difficult to find anything relevant.               startup_message off     autodetach on          shell /bin/bash      defutf8 on     altscreen on          hardstatus alwayslastline     hardstatus string '%{= kG}[ %{G}%H %{g}][%= %{=kw}%?%-Lw%?%{r}(%{W}%n*%f%t%?(%u)%?%{r})%{w}%?%+Lw%?%?%= %{g}][%{B}%Y-%m-%d %{W}%c %{g}]'          defscrollback 30000          # Default screens     screen -t bash-0    0     screen -t bash-1    1     screen -t irssi     2   irssi          select 0


title: Several questions about file-system character encoding on linux

text: Due to a lot of file exchange works between Windows (GBK encoding) and Linux (UTF-8 encoding), it will encounter character encoding issues easily, such as:   * zip/tar files whose name contains chinese characters on Windows system, unzip/untar it in Linux system.   * run migrated legacy java web application (designed on Windows system, using GBK encoding in JSP) which write GBK-encoding-named files to disk.   * ftp get/put GBK-encoding-named files between Windows FTP server and Linux client.   * switch LANG environment in Linux. The common issue of the previous mentioned are file locating/naming. After googled, I got an article **Using Unicode in Linux** http://www.linux.com/archive/feed/39912, it said: > the operating system and many utilities do not realize what characters the > bytes in file names represent. So, it's possible to have 2 中文.txt files with different encoding:               [root@fedora test]# ls     ????  中文     [root@fedora test]# ls | iconv -f GBK     中文     涓iconv: illegal input sequence at position 7     [root@fedora test]# ls 中文 && ls $'\xd6\xd0\xce\xc4'|iconv -f gbk     中文     中文      **Questions:**   1. Is it possible to config linux filesystem use fixed character encoding (like NTFS use UTF-16 internally) to store file names regardless of LANG/LC_ALL environment?   2. Or, what I actually want ask is: Is it possible to let file name 中文.txt (`$'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87.txt'`) in zh_CN.UTF-8 environment and file name 中文.txt (`$'\xd6\xd0\xce\xc4.txt'`) in zh_CN.GBK environment **refer to same file**?   3. If it's not configurable, then is it possible to patch kernel to translate character encoding between file-system and current environment (just a question, not request implementation)? and how much performance con effect if it's possible?


title: How to transfer a VirtualBox OSE VM to the metal

text: I have a bunch of VirtualBox VMs (Linux and Windows) and would like to know how to transfer any of them to the metal.


title: Are any SCSI modules needed in initrd if only SATA and IDE disks are used?

text: I am creating a cloning script to automate a minimalistic installation of Cent OS 5.5 on about 100 workstations of various hardware and age (2-10 years). The workstations are all either IDE or SATA. I am currently developing the script and testing it on VMs (ESXi 4) with virtual IDE disks. In the initrd I have commented out scsi_mod.ko, sd_mod.ko & scsi_transport_spi.ko, and it seems to work just fine for booting a VM that uses an IDE disk. The problem is that I don't have easy access to the physical workstations and there are no virtual SATA disks for ESXi, so I cannot test with SATA disks. Are the above SCSI modules needed on a workstation that only has a SATA disk? Are any SCSI modules needed for SATA disks (with a stock CentOS 5.5 kernel)? Thanks,   Lars


title: Fall-back for $VIM is invalid

text: I am working directly on a dev server and want to build my own `vim`, for my purposes, not for all system users. The build scenario is:               hg clone https://vim.googlecode.com/hg/ vim     cd vim/src     ./configure --enable-rubyinterp --enable-multibyte     make      The result of `./vim --version` is:               VIM - Vi IMproved 7.3 (2010 Aug 15, compiled Jun 22 2011 09:35:46)     Included patches: 1-230     Compiled by aeg@dev     Normal version without GUI.  Features included (+) or not (-):     -arabic +autocmd -balloon_eval -browse +builtin_terms +byte_offset +cindent      -clientserver -clipboard +cmdline_compl +cmdline_hist +cmdline_info +comments      -conceal +cryptv -cscope +cursorbind +cursorshape +dialog_con +diff +digraphs      -dnd -ebcdic -emacs_tags +eval +ex_extra +extra_search -farsi +file_in_path      +find_in_path +float +folding -footer +fork() +gettext -hangul_input +iconv      +insert_expand +jumplist -keymap -langmap +libcall +linebreak +lispindent      +listcmds +localmap -lua +menu +mksession +modify_fname +mouse -mouseshape      -mouse_dec -mouse_gpm -mouse_jsbterm -mouse_netterm -mouse_sysmouse      +mouse_xterm +multi_byte +multi_lang -mzscheme +netbeans_intg +path_extra -perl      +persistent_undo +postscript +printer -profile -python -python3 +quickfix      +reltime -rightleft +ruby +scrollbind +signs +smartindent -sniff +startuptime      +statusline -sun_workshop +syntax +tag_binary +tag_old_static -tag_any_white      -tcl +terminfo +termresponse +textobjects +title -toolbar +user_commands      +vertsplit +virtualedit +visual +visualextra +viminfo +vreplace +wildignore      +wildmenu +windows +writebackup -X11 -xfontset -xim -xsmp -xterm_clipboard      -xterm_save         system vimrc file: "$VIM/vimrc"          user vimrc file: "$HOME/.vimrc"           user exrc file: "$HOME/.exrc"       fall-back for $VIM: "/usr/local/share/vim"     Compilation:      gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H     -g -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1           Linking: gcc   -L.  -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic  -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,--as-needed -o vim       -lm -lncurses -lnsl         -lruby1.8 -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm  -L/usr/lib      When I open the just-built vim I get following:               Error detected while processing /home/aeg/.vimrc:     line  148:     E484: Can't open file /usr/local/share/vim/syntax/syntax.vim      The problem is because there is no /usr/local/share/vim. I have my plugins in `./vim` and I want vim to look for this path. It is Debian, and `/usr/bin/vim` settings differ `fall-back for $VIM: "/usr/share/vim"`


title: Why am I getting a "Listing remote folder failed" error when I try to connect with SFTP?

text: I set up SFTP, but I have a problem regarding iptables. Here are my rules:               A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT     A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT     A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT     A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT      By the way, I'm using the `vsftpd` service for FTP. So, it's not connecting to FTP, before stopping iptables service. When I attempt to connect to FTP, that's gives me "Listing remote folder failed" error. What should I do?


title: What is a valid hostname label?

text: I set up my hostname to a number, where running `hostname` gives:               6592      But when I run `ping 6592`, I get:               connect: Invalid argument      I checked the related Wikipedia page, and it does say that such a hostname is allowed (IIUC). What am I missing?


title: FreeBSD 8.1 on MacBook 5,2

text: I've been trying to dual-boot FreeBSD 8.1 with Mac OS X on my MacBook (5,2), but am having trouble trying to get the live cd to boot. I reach the FreeBSD Boot Loader Screen with the options for boot, boot without ACPI etc. However, I cannot select an option. I have tried with both the built in keyboard and a USB keyboard, but I do not think that that is the problem... Previously I have tried dual booting Ubuntu, but had problems with the live CD also. During the boot process, the boot seemed to freeze, and the CD stopped spinning. I think it might be a similiar problem here. Soon after arriving at this screen, the CD stops spinning. Thanks for any advice! I've tried using both the _amd64 disc1_ iso image and the _i386 disc1_ image for FreeBSD 8.1 **Further Boot Info** When booting, Mac's EFI allows me to choose to boot from the CD. The screen goes black, then the following appears:               CD Loader 1.2     Building the boot loader arguments     Looking up /BOOT/LOADER ... Found     Relocating the loader and the BTX     Starting the BTX Loader          BTX Loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.0.2     Consoles: internal video/keyboard     BIOS CD is cd0     BIOS drive C: is disk0     BIOS 639kB/1047552kB available memory          Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf     /boot/kernel/kernel text=0x8d5503 data=0x129bf8+039f8 syms=[0x8 + 0xddbf8 + 0x8 + 0xca37e]      It then continues to the FreeBSD Boot Loader Screen, and freezes **Update** Having tried both the _amd64_ and the _i386_ versions of FreeBSD 8. **1** , I've tried using the _i386_ version of FreeBSD 8. **2**. It acts exactly the same as previous attempts, except that instead of freezing at the FreeBSD Boot Loader Screen (linked above), it prints some information to the screen as follows (below the boot loader screen, as it doesn't clear it first):               Copyright (c) 1992-2011 The FreeBSD Project     Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994         The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.     FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.     FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE#0: Fri Feb 18 02:24:46 UTC 2011         root@almeida.cse.buffalo.edu.au:/usr/obj/usr/src/GENERIC i386     Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0     CPU: Intel(R) Core(™)2 Duo CPU  P7350 @ 2.00GHz (1990.43-MHz 686-class CPU)              Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0x1067a Family = 6 Model = 17 Stepping = 10         Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,™,PBE>         Features2=0x408e3bd<SSE3,DTES64,MON,DS_CPL,VMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1,XSAVE>         AMD Features=0x20100000<NX,LM>         AMD Features2=0x1<LAHF>         TSC: P-state invariant     real memory = 2147483648 (2048 MB)     avail memory = 1789763584 (1706 MB)     ACPI APIC Table: <APPLE Apple00>     AP #1 (PHY# 1) failed!     panic y/n? [y]      Then it freezes, I cannot even enter y/n. Again, thanks for any help.


title: How to change a hostname

text: During Debian installation, I set my hostname to the wrong value, and now I would like to correct that.


title: How can I forward traffic from my publicly available server to a computer that is not publicly available?

text: My home computer is behind an ISP-level NAT which does not allow me to host game servers as a result. I have a VPS which I use as a web server. I want to host a game server of Minecraft, but the VPS isn't powerful enough. Both my computer and my VPS are running Linux. My computer can connect to my server, but the server can not open connections to my home computer. What I would like to achieve is this:   * Some user connects to port 27015 on my server.   * The server then forwards all traffic from port 27015 on the server to port 27015 on my home computer via some connection that I opened with my home computer.  Can ssh do this? I know it can do the reverse. Is there some other program that does this if not?


title: Long time Windows user starting to use Linux - what is the essential knowledge I should learn?

text: > **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Good Introductory resources for linux I've been a Windows user since forever. I touched linux here and there, but my next job will have me use linux as my desktop computer 100% of the time. What are some essential tips/info I should know about?


title: Files have the same inode but they don't link to each other

text: I have a bash script in two places and I can't remember how I created them. they have the same inode but none of them seem to link to another. is there a hard link but should not Links count for that inode become two?               $ ls -l ~/bin/dropbox-backup      -rwxr-xr-x 1 bak bak 676 Aug 14 09:32 dropbox-backup          $ ls -l ~/Dropbox/linux/scripts/dropbox-backup      -rwxr-xr-x 1 bak bak 676 Aug 14 09:32 ~/Dropbox/linux/scripts/dropbox-backup          $ stat ~/bin/dropbox-backup        File: `dropbox-backup'       Size: 676         Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file     Device: 806h/2054d  Inode: 528738      Links: 1     Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x)  Uid: ( 1001/     bak)   Gid: ( 1001/     bak)     Access: 2013-08-14 20:40:25.599322386 +0100     Modify: 2013-08-14 09:32:47.748546462 +0100     Change: 2013-08-14 20:40:25.591322386 +0100      Birth: -          $ stat ~/Dropbox/linux/scripts/dropbox-backup       File: `/home/rag/Dropbox/linux/scripts/dropbox-backup'       Size: 676         Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file     Device: 806h/2054d  Inode: 528738      Links: 1     Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x)  Uid: ( 1001/     bak)   Gid: ( 1001/     bak)     Access: 2013-08-14 20:40:25.599322386 +0100     Modify: 2013-08-14 09:32:47.748546462 +0100     Change: 2013-08-14 20:40:25.591322386 +0100      Birth: -


title: Evoluent Mouse 4

text: I have this mouse: http://www.evoluent.com/vm4r.htm I configured it using:               xinput –set-button-map 15 1 2 3 9 8 0 0 4 0 5      s.t. the thumb buttons are the back forward wheel. (I want to be able to scroll using the thumb instead of the middle finger) The only problem is that when I click a thumb button, the computer scrolls by a certain amount. But what I want is that it scrolls as long as I hold the button pressed. Does someone know how to achieve this?


title: How to take a screenshot of an totally obscured window

text: I have a game running in the background, but I would like to take screenshots of the window which is not visible. Seems like all the screenshot utilities for X11 need the window to be visible. Is there a way to do this?


title: K3b to split volume across media

text: How do I get K3b to split a volumes across several media? For example if I give it a folder that has 6 GB (not one file of 6 GB), it should create several discs of 4.4 GB automatically, instead of me doing it manually? If K3B can't do it, is there any software that can?


title: Why can't we execute a list of commands as different user without sudo?

text: This question has been asked in a different way in other forums. But there has not been a decent explanation why you can't do the below in bash.               #!/bin/bash     command1     SWITCH_USER_TO rag     command2     command3      Usually, the suggested way is               #!/bin/bash     command1     sudo -u rag command2     sudo -u rag command3      but why is it not possible in `bash` to change to a different user at some point during the bash script execution and execute the rest of the commands as a different user?


title: fix webcam problem by changing its file in /dev/

text: At Ubuntu-Gnome 13.10, My webcam can be accessed by cheese; Also Skype determined the webcam, But it does not show any output for webcam at options window (Webcam also doesn't turn on). Skype determines the source file of webcam (USB Camera 093a:2627 /dev/video0). I want to change the webcam's file (/dev/video0) in order to help skype open the webcam correctly. Is this way correct? How can I do it. Or what is better way? Cheese shows the webcam output (Of course a little dark). Webcam model: Genius facecam 300 Thanks


title: Proxmox storage question

text: I am designing a proxmox installation for use as a home server, I chose it for the inherent flexibility and ease of administration, this restricts me to debian based solutions. So after some consideration I am looking at mounting LVM over a software based RAID 5 array. The hardware is a Dell T5500 with 2 xeon 2.66gig 4 core procs, 6 gig of ram, and 3 2tb hdds (more ram on order) Now that the background is out of the way this brings me to my question. Can I expand a RAID 5 by simply adding equal sized HDDs ie if the array is made of 3 2 TB HDDs can I add a 4th to the array and not have to many issues.


title: Solaris 10 Default File Permissions

text: I've created an NFS mountpoint with rw permissions. How do I set new files in a directory to be created by a specific user/group with certain permissions?


title: How to format textutil -excludedelements

text: I use `Geektool` on the Mac to display various information on my desktop. One feature of `Geektoool` is the ability to use shell mode to launch custom scripts or commands. I am not versed in any type of scripting, but find pieces on the web to use by copying and pasting. There are whole website dedicated to just this. I have for a long time used a command to pull a one day weather forecast from Weather Underground. However they have changed their site and the output of the script needs to be edited. I am now getting duplicate information being displayed. **Example**               Today is forecast to be Cooler than yesterday.     "weather_quickie": "Today is forecast to be Cooler than yesterday."      The script incorporates Textutil for the output.               curl -s http://www.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=94965 |      awk '/Today is/ || /Tomorrow is/' | textutil -convert txt -stdin -stdout -format html      From the man page of `textutil`, it seems like the option `-excludedelements` can be used to edit out the extra info. However I can't understand the `-excludedelements` explanation, nor figure out how to format it. > excludedelements (tag1, tag2, ...) - Specify which HTML elements should not > be used in generated HTML (the list should be a single argument, and so will > usually need to be quoted in a shell context). I would like to edit out the "weather_quickie" part of the output. Any insight will be greatly appreciated.


title: where does history timestamp stored before i enable it

text: I tried to set timestamp for history. My first attempt was do `export EXTENDED_HISTORY=ON` command, and it seems like doesn't work. Then i do `echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%d.%m.%y %T "' >> /etc/bash.bashrc` command, and it works. After i enabled the timestamp, i do `. /etc/bash.bashrc` to reload it, then i do `history` to show my history with timestamp. But the weird thing i noticed was how does the history can store the timestamp before i enable it? The first part of my history, all commands have the same timestamp 20:43:04: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/jxOlN.png) The second part, start from 619th command, the commands have save their own timestamp, **but at this moment, i never enable the history timestamp yet**. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/GdbkY.png) Instead, i enable the history timestamp at 694th command: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/TLrKK.png) My $HISTSIZE is set long time ago which was 1000 lines. I using Konsole 2.10.5 terminal and Ubuntu 13.04. I have no idea the cache is a feature from Konsole or bash. My question is, how and where does **history** store the timestamp before i do 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%d.%m.%y %T "' >> /etc/bash.bashrc`? And it seems like have limitation because not all previous history timestamp is store(i.e. 1st to 618th command share the same timestamp). May be it's because of 619th command is the first command for this konsole tab session, i don't remember.


title: USB Keyboard Hotplug Module not Working

text: The following module could be compiled and loaded without any error:               #include <linux/module.h>     #include <linux/kernel.h>     #include <linux/usb.h>     #include <linux/usb/input.h>     #include <linux/hid.h>          MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");     MODULE_AUTHOR("Parisa Bakhtou");     MODULE_DESCRIPTION("USB_KBD Module");          static struct usb_device_id usb_kbd_id_table[] = {         { USB_INTERFACE_INFO(             USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID,             USB_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS_BOOT,         USB_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL_KEYBOARD) },         { }      };          MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, usb_kbd_id_table);          static int kbd_probe(struct usb_interface *interface,         const struct usb_device_id *id)     {         pr_info("USB keyboard probe function called\n");         /* pr_info("Hello World!\n"); */         return 0;     }          static void kbd_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)     {         pr_info("USB keyboard disconnect function called\n");     }          static struct usb_driver kbd_driver = {         .name  = "usbkbd",         .probe = kbd_probe,         .disconnect = kbd_disconnect,         .id_table = usb_kbd_id_table,     };          static int __init kbd_init(void)     {         int res = 0;         res = usb_register(&kbd_driver);         if (res)             pr_err("usb_register failed with error %d", res);         return res;     }          static void __exit kbd_exit(void)     {         pr_debug("USB Keyboard Removed..\n");         usb_deregister(&kbd_driver);         return;     }          module_init(kbd_init);     module_exit(kbd_exit);      When I inserted it for the first time it worked every time I plugged and unplugged a usb keyboard: > /var/log/kern.log > > **_Sep 2 21:17:22 debian kernel: [11404.183318] USB keyboard probe function > called_** > > Sep 2 21:17:22 debian kernel: [11404.191438] input: Logitech USB Keyboard as > /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.1/1-1.1:1.1/input/input16 > > Sep 2 21:17:22 debian kernel: [11404.191936] generic-usb > 0003:046D:C31D.0002: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.10 Device [Logitech USB > Keyboard] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.1/input1 > > Sep 2 21:17:36 debian kernel: [11417.938737] usb 1-1.1: USB disconnect, > device number 7 > > **_Sep 2 21:17:36 debian kernel: [11417.938802] USB keyboard disconnect > function called_** But this is weird, after a `rmmod` and an `insmod` after that the log says the **usbkbd** is registered: > Sep 2 22:18:37 debian kernel: [ 2027.442962] usbcore: deregistering > interface driver usbkbd but there is no sign of it functioning in the log file and the logs that belong to that module and I've bolded in above piece do not apear. Does anyone know why?


title: Limiting readers on a pipe

text: I want to use a pipe to pass some security credential information from "process1" to another script. I only want authorized reader processes to be permitted to read the pipe. I am thinking I will create a temp pipe with process1, and only write to the pipe if the reader is a process is digitally signed or has a chksum that has been registered prior to the run. Has anyone done something similar and have any suggestions?


title: New Debian installation hanged

text: I installed a new copy of Debian on my laptop and upgraded it from testing repo. However, when I turn on my laptop, the system stops working. This error that I found in my logs is new for me and I can't find any good solution; every time I install Debian or upgrade it on my laptop this problem happens. ### dmesg               [  362.010297] ntpd            D ffff8802519c9350     0  2267      1 0x00000004     [  362.010302]  ffff8802519c9010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  362.010307]  ffff880251addfd8 ffff8802519c9010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880251addc80     [  362.010310]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff8802519c9010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  362.010314] Call Trace:     [  362.010328]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  362.010332]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  362.010336]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  362.010343]  [<ffffffff813ccca0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x30     [  362.010347]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     [  362.010351]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     [  362.010357]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     [  362.010360]  [<ffffffff813e8301>] ? netlink_insert+0x131/0x220     [  362.010364]  [<ffffffff813a81a1>] ? SYSC_sendto+0xf1/0x180     [  362.010368]  [<ffffffff813a51ea>] ? sock_alloc_file+0x9a/0x130     [  362.010373]  [<ffffffff811950d5>] ? __fd_install+0x15/0x40     [  362.010378]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     [  362.010382] INFO: task NetworkManager:2486 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     [  362.010462]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     [  362.010538] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     [  362.010629] NetworkManager  D ffff88024ff1bb40     0  2486      1 0x00000000     [  362.010633]  ffff88024ff1b800 0000000000000086 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  362.010637]  ffff8800373d3fd8 ffff88024ff1b800 ffffffff81887b60 ffff8800373d36f0     [  362.010640]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff88024ff1b800 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  362.010644] Call Trace:     [  362.010648]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  362.010652]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  362.010661]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  362.010675]  [<ffffffffa06c582a>] ? ieee80211_unregister_hw+0x4a/0x110 [mac80211]     [  362.010683]  [<ffffffffa078f163>] ? brcms_remove+0x43/0x70 [brcmsmac]     [  362.010691]  [<ffffffffa0791181>] ? brcms_ops_start+0x2b1/0x310 [brcmsmac]     [  362.010703]  [<ffffffffa05e9d5b>] ? cfg80211_netdev_notifier_call+0x3db/0x600 [cfg80211]     [  362.010714]  [<ffffffffa06d7ce1>] ? ieee80211_do_open+0x2d1/0xd90 [mac80211]     [  362.010719]  [<ffffffff813c1ae6>] ? __dev_open+0xa6/0x120     [  362.010722]  [<ffffffff813c1da1>] ? __dev_change_flags+0x91/0x160     [  362.010726]  [<ffffffff813c1e8e>] ? dev_change_flags+0x1e/0x60     [  362.010729]  [<ffffffff813cee32>] ? do_setlink+0x312/0x980     [  362.010734]  [<ffffffff81294b7c>] ? __nla_put+0xc/0x20     [  362.010737]  [<ffffffff81294bb8>] ? nla_put+0x28/0x40     [  362.010747]  [<ffffffffa0602940>] ? nl80211_send_wiphy+0x3d0/0x2180 [cfg80211]     [  362.010750]  [<ffffffff81294969>] ? nla_parse+0x29/0xc0     [  362.010754]  [<ffffffff813d00b4>] ? rtnl_newlink+0x394/0x5d0     [  362.010758]  [<ffffffff813e6e3b>] ? netlink_dump+0x11b/0x230     [  362.010762]  [<ffffffff813ccd4e>] ? rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x8e/0x250     [  362.010766]  [<ffffffff813b5cfe>] ? __skb_recv_datagram+0xfe/0x4c0     [  362.010769]  [<ffffffff813b0703>] ? __alloc_skb+0x43/0x2a0     [  362.010773]  [<ffffffff813cccc0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x30/0x30     [  362.010776]  [<ffffffff813e96f9>] ? netlink_rcv_skb+0xa9/0xc0     [  362.010780]  [<ffffffff813cccaf>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x1f/0x30     [  362.010783]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     [  362.010786]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     [  362.010790]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     [  362.010794]  [<ffffffff813a7d64>] ? move_addr_to_kernel.part.16+0x14/0x60     [  362.010797]  [<ffffffff813a8843>] ? ___sys_sendmsg+0x3c3/0x3d0     [  362.010801]  [<ffffffff8119fa4d>] ? __inode_wait_for_writeback+0x6d/0xc0     [  362.010808]  [<ffffffff81096f80>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x30/0x30     [  362.010811]  [<ffffffff814aa961>] ? __do_page_fault+0x1d1/0x500     [  362.010818]  [<ffffffff8117b278>] ? __fput+0x148/0x210     [  362.010822]  [<ffffffff813a8eb9>] ? __sys_sendmsg+0x39/0x70     [  362.010826]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     [  362.010845] INFO: task ifconfig:2765 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     [  362.010923]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     [  362.011000] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     [  362.011091] ifconfig        D ffff880252627350     0  2765   2713 0x00000004     [  362.011095]  ffff880252627010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  362.011099]  ffff880250b13fd8 ffff880252627010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880250b13df0     [  362.011102]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff880252627010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  362.011105] Call Trace:     [  362.011110]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  362.011113]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  362.011118]  [<ffffffff81188980>] ? path_openat+0x100/0x670     [  362.011122]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  362.011125]  [<ffffffff813d3055>] ? dev_ioctl+0x365/0x5d0     [  362.011129]  [<ffffffff813a534d>] ? sock_do_ioctl+0x3d/0x50     [  362.011132]  [<ffffffff813a5798>] ? sock_ioctl+0x1e8/0x2c0     [  362.011136]  [<ffffffff8118b94f>] ? do_vfs_ioctl+0x2cf/0x4a0     [  362.011139]  [<ffffffff8118bba0>] ? SyS_ioctl+0x80/0xa0     [  362.011143]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     [  482.058075] INFO: task ntpd:2267 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     [  482.058169]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     [  482.058244] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     [  482.058336] ntpd            D ffff8802519c9350     0  2267      1 0x00000004     [  482.058341]  ffff8802519c9010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  482.058346]  ffff880251addfd8 ffff8802519c9010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880251addc80     [  482.058352]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff8802519c9010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  482.058359] Call Trace:     [  482.058373]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  482.058378]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  482.058382]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  482.058388]  [<ffffffff813ccca0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x30     [  482.058393]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     [  482.058396]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     [  482.058402]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     [  482.058405]  [<ffffffff813e8301>] ? netlink_insert+0x131/0x220     [  482.058408]  [<ffffffff813a81a1>] ? SYSC_sendto+0xf1/0x180     [  482.058413]  [<ffffffff813a51ea>] ? sock_alloc_file+0x9a/0x130     [  482.058417]  [<ffffffff811950d5>] ? __fd_install+0x15/0x40     [  482.058423]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     [  482.058427] INFO: task NetworkManager:2486 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     [  482.058507]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     [  482.058582] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     [  482.058672] NetworkManager  D ffff88024ff1bb40     0  2486      1 0x00000000     [  482.058676]  ffff88024ff1b800 0000000000000086 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  482.058680]  ffff8800373d3fd8 ffff88024ff1b800 ffffffff81887b60 ffff8800373d36f0     [  482.058683]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff88024ff1b800 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  482.058687] Call Trace:     [  482.058691]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  482.058695]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  482.058705]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  482.058718]  [<ffffffffa06c582a>] ? ieee80211_unregister_hw+0x4a/0x110 [mac80211]     [  482.058726]  [<ffffffffa078f163>] ? brcms_remove+0x43/0x70 [brcmsmac]     [  482.058733]  [<ffffffffa0791181>] ? brcms_ops_start+0x2b1/0x310 [brcmsmac]     [  482.058744]  [<ffffffffa05e9d5b>] ? cfg80211_netdev_notifier_call+0x3db/0x600 [cfg80211]     [  482.058756]  [<ffffffffa06d7ce1>] ? ieee80211_do_open+0x2d1/0xd90 [mac80211]     [  482.058761]  [<ffffffff813c1ae6>] ? __dev_open+0xa6/0x120     [  482.058764]  [<ffffffff813c1da1>] ? __dev_change_flags+0x91/0x160     [  482.058768]  [<ffffffff813c1e8e>] ? dev_change_flags+0x1e/0x60     [  482.058771]  [<ffffffff813cee32>] ? do_setlink+0x312/0x980     [  482.058776]  [<ffffffff81294b7c>] ? __nla_put+0xc/0x20     [  482.058779]  [<ffffffff81294bb8>] ? nla_put+0x28/0x40     [  482.058789]  [<ffffffffa0602940>] ? nl80211_send_wiphy+0x3d0/0x2180 [cfg80211]     [  482.058792]  [<ffffffff81294969>] ? nla_parse+0x29/0xc0     [  482.058796]  [<ffffffff813d00b4>] ? rtnl_newlink+0x394/0x5d0     [  482.058800]  [<ffffffff813e6e3b>] ? netlink_dump+0x11b/0x230     [  482.058804]  [<ffffffff813ccd4e>] ? rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x8e/0x250     [  482.058808]  [<ffffffff813b5cfe>] ? __skb_recv_datagram+0xfe/0x4c0     [  482.058811]  [<ffffffff813b0703>] ? __alloc_skb+0x43/0x2a0     [  482.058815]  [<ffffffff813cccc0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x30/0x30     [  482.058818]  [<ffffffff813e96f9>] ? netlink_rcv_skb+0xa9/0xc0     [  482.058822]  [<ffffffff813cccaf>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x1f/0x30     [  482.058825]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     [  482.058828]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     [  482.058832]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     [  482.058836]  [<ffffffff813a7d64>] ? move_addr_to_kernel.part.16+0x14/0x60     [  482.058839]  [<ffffffff813a8843>] ? ___sys_sendmsg+0x3c3/0x3d0     [  482.058844]  [<ffffffff8119fa4d>] ? __inode_wait_for_writeback+0x6d/0xc0     [  482.058849]  [<ffffffff81096f80>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x30/0x30     [  482.058853]  [<ffffffff814aa961>] ? __do_page_fault+0x1d1/0x500     [  482.058857]  [<ffffffff8117b278>] ? __fput+0x148/0x210     [  482.058861]  [<ffffffff813a8eb9>] ? __sys_sendmsg+0x39/0x70     [  482.058865]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     [  482.058883] INFO: task ifconfig:2765 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     [  482.058962]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     [  482.059037] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     [  482.059127] ifconfig        D ffff880252627350     0  2765   2713 0x00000004     [  482.059131]  ffff880252627010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  482.059135]  ffff880250b13fd8 ffff880252627010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880250b13df0     [  482.059138]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff880252627010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  482.059141] Call Trace:     [  482.059146]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  482.059149]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  482.059155]  [<ffffffff81188980>] ? path_openat+0x100/0x670     [  482.059158]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  482.059162]  [<ffffffff813d3055>] ? dev_ioctl+0x365/0x5d0     [  482.059165]  [<ffffffff813a534d>] ? sock_do_ioctl+0x3d/0x50     [  482.059169]  [<ffffffff813a5798>] ? sock_ioctl+0x1e8/0x2c0     [  482.059172]  [<ffffffff8118b94f>] ? do_vfs_ioctl+0x2cf/0x4a0     [  482.059175]  [<ffffffff8118bba0>] ? SyS_ioctl+0x80/0xa0     [  482.059179]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     [  482.059183] INFO: task ip:2897 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     [  482.059260]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     [  482.059337] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     [  482.059427] ip              D ffff880250299350     0  2897   2896 0x00000000     [  482.059439]  ffff880250299010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  482.059443]  ffff880036debfd8 ffff880250299010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880036debba0     [  482.059446]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff880250299010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  482.059450] Call Trace:     [  482.059454]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  482.059457]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  482.059461]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  482.059465]  [<ffffffff813ccca0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x30     [  482.059468]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     [  482.059472]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     [  482.059475]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     [  482.059479]  [<ffffffff813a7d64>] ? move_addr_to_kernel.part.16+0x14/0x60     [  482.059483]  [<ffffffff813a8843>] ? ___sys_sendmsg+0x3c3/0x3d0     [  482.059486]  [<ffffffff8119fa4d>] ? __inode_wait_for_writeback+0x6d/0xc0     [  482.059490]  [<ffffffff81096f80>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x30/0x30     [  482.059493]  [<ffffffff814aa961>] ? __do_page_fault+0x1d1/0x500     [  482.059498]  [<ffffffff8118ef65>] ? dentry_kill+0x1d5/0x230     [  482.059501]  [<ffffffff8118f014>] ? dput+0x54/0xf0     [  482.059504]  [<ffffffff8117b278>] ? __fput+0x148/0x210     [  482.059508]  [<ffffffff813a8eb9>] ? __sys_sendmsg+0x39/0x70     [  482.059512]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     [  602.106145] INFO: task ntpd:2267 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     [  602.106239]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     [  602.106316] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     [  602.106408] ntpd            D ffff8802519c9350     0  2267      1 0x00000004     [  602.106413]  ffff8802519c9010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     [  602.106418]  ffff880251addfd8 ffff8802519c9010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880251addc80     [  602.106421]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff8802519c9010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     [  602.106425] Call Trace:     [  602.106438]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     [  602.106442]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     [  602.106446]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     [  602.106453]  [<ffffffff813ccca0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x30     [  602.106458]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     [  602.106461]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     [  602.106467]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     [  602.106470]  [<ffffffff813e8301>] ? netlink_insert+0x131/0x220     [  602.106474]  [<ffffffff813a81a1>] ? SYSC_sendto+0xf1/0x180     [  602.106478]  [<ffffffff813a51ea>] ? sock_alloc_file+0x9a/0x130     [  602.106483]  [<ffffffff811950d5>] ? __fd_install+0x15/0x40     [  602.106488]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b</code>              Linux deb 3.13-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.13.10-1 (2014-04-15) x86_64 GNU/Linux      ### syslog               May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058169]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058244] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058336] ntpd            D ffff8802519c9350     0  2267      1 0x00000004     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058341]  ffff8802519c9010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058346]  ffff880251addfd8 ffff8802519c9010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880251addc80     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058352]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff8802519c9010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058359] Call Trace:     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058373]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058378]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058382]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058388]  [<ffffffff813ccca0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x30     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058393]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058396]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058402]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058405]  [<ffffffff813e8301>] ? netlink_insert+0x131/0x220     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058408]  [<ffffffff813a81a1>] ? SYSC_sendto+0xf1/0x180     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058413]  [<ffffffff813a51ea>] ? sock_alloc_file+0x9a/0x130     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058417]  [<ffffffff811950d5>] ? __fd_install+0x15/0x40     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058423]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058427] INFO: task NetworkManager:2486 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058507]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058582] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058672] NetworkManager  D ffff88024ff1bb40     0  2486      1 0x00000000     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058676]  ffff88024ff1b800 0000000000000086 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058680]  ffff8800373d3fd8 ffff88024ff1b800 ffffffff81887b60 ffff8800373d36f0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058683]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff88024ff1b800 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058687] Call Trace:     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058691]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058695]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058705]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058718]  [<ffffffffa06c582a>] ? ieee80211_unregister_hw+0x4a/0x110 [mac80211]     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058726]  [<ffffffffa078f163>] ? brcms_remove+0x43/0x70 [brcmsmac]     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058733]  [<ffffffffa0791181>] ? brcms_ops_start+0x2b1/0x310 [brcmsmac]     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058744]  [<ffffffffa05e9d5b>] ? cfg80211_netdev_notifier_call+0x3db/0x600 [cfg80211]     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058756]  [<ffffffffa06d7ce1>] ? ieee80211_do_open+0x2d1/0xd90 [mac80211]     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058761]  [<ffffffff813c1ae6>] ? __dev_open+0xa6/0x120     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058764]  [<ffffffff813c1da1>] ? __dev_change_flags+0x91/0x160     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058768]  [<ffffffff813c1e8e>] ? dev_change_flags+0x1e/0x60     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058771]  [<ffffffff813cee32>] ? do_setlink+0x312/0x980     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058776]  [<ffffffff81294b7c>] ? __nla_put+0xc/0x20     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058779]  [<ffffffff81294bb8>] ? nla_put+0x28/0x40     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058789]  [<ffffffffa0602940>] ? nl80211_send_wiphy+0x3d0/0x2180 [cfg80211]     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058792]  [<ffffffff81294969>] ? nla_parse+0x29/0xc0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058796]  [<ffffffff813d00b4>] ? rtnl_newlink+0x394/0x5d0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058800]  [<ffffffff813e6e3b>] ? netlink_dump+0x11b/0x230     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058804]  [<ffffffff813ccd4e>] ? rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x8e/0x250     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058808]  [<ffffffff813b5cfe>] ? __skb_recv_datagram+0xfe/0x4c0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058811]  [<ffffffff813b0703>] ? __alloc_skb+0x43/0x2a0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058815]  [<ffffffff813cccc0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x30/0x30     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058818]  [<ffffffff813e96f9>] ? netlink_rcv_skb+0xa9/0xc0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058822]  [<ffffffff813cccaf>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x1f/0x30     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058825]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058828]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058832]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058836]  [<ffffffff813a7d64>] ? move_addr_to_kernel.part.16+0x14/0x60     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058839]  [<ffffffff813a8843>] ? ___sys_sendmsg+0x3c3/0x3d0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058844]  [<ffffffff8119fa4d>] ? __inode_wait_for_writeback+0x6d/0xc0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058849]  [<ffffffff81096f80>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x30/0x30     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058853]  [<ffffffff814aa961>] ? __do_page_fault+0x1d1/0x500     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058857]  [<ffffffff8117b278>] ? __fput+0x148/0x210     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058861]  [<ffffffff813a8eb9>] ? __sys_sendmsg+0x39/0x70     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058865]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058883] INFO: task ifconfig:2765 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.058962]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059037] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059127] ifconfig        D ffff880252627350     0  2765   2713 0x00000004     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059131]  ffff880252627010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059135]  ffff880250b13fd8 ffff880252627010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880250b13df0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059138]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff880252627010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059141] Call Trace:     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059146]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059149]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059155]  [<ffffffff81188980>] ? path_openat+0x100/0x670     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059158]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059162]  [<ffffffff813d3055>] ? dev_ioctl+0x365/0x5d0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059165]  [<ffffffff813a534d>] ? sock_do_ioctl+0x3d/0x50     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059169]  [<ffffffff813a5798>] ? sock_ioctl+0x1e8/0x2c0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059172]  [<ffffffff8118b94f>] ? do_vfs_ioctl+0x2cf/0x4a0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059175]  [<ffffffff8118bba0>] ? SyS_ioctl+0x80/0xa0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059179]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059183] INFO: task ip:2897 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059260]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059337] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059427] ip              D ffff880250299350     0  2897   2896 0x00000000     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059439]  ffff880250299010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059443]  ffff880036debfd8 ffff880250299010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880036debba0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059446]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff880250299010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059450] Call Trace:     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059454]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059457]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059461]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059465]  [<ffffffff813ccca0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x30     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059468]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059472]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059475]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059479]  [<ffffffff813a7d64>] ? move_addr_to_kernel.part.16+0x14/0x60     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059483]  [<ffffffff813a8843>] ? ___sys_sendmsg+0x3c3/0x3d0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059486]  [<ffffffff8119fa4d>] ? __inode_wait_for_writeback+0x6d/0xc0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059490]  [<ffffffff81096f80>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x30/0x30     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059493]  [<ffffffff814aa961>] ? __do_page_fault+0x1d1/0x500     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059498]  [<ffffffff8118ef65>] ? dentry_kill+0x1d5/0x230     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059501]  [<ffffffff8118f014>] ? dput+0x54/0xf0     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059504]  [<ffffffff8117b278>] ? __fput+0x148/0x210     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059508]  [<ffffffff813a8eb9>] ? __sys_sendmsg+0x39/0x70     May  3 10:52:04 deb kernel: [  482.059512]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106145] INFO: task ntpd:2267 blocked for more than 120 seconds.     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106239]       Tainted: G           O 3.13-1-amd64 #1     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106316] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106408] ntpd            D ffff8802519c9350     0  2267      1 0x00000004     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106413]  ffff8802519c9010 0000000000000082 0000000000014280 0000000000014280     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106418]  ffff880251addfd8 ffff8802519c9010 ffffffff81887b60 ffff880251addc80     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106421]  ffffffff81887b64 ffff8802519c9010 00000000ffffffff ffffffff81887b68     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106425] Call Trace:     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106438]  [<ffffffff814a45d0>] ? schedule_preempt_disabled+0x20/0x70     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106442]  [<ffffffff814a6043>] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x133/0x1b0     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106446]  [<ffffffff814a60d6>] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x25     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106453]  [<ffffffff813ccca0>] ? rtnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x30     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106458]  [<ffffffff813e8d1a>] ? netlink_unicast+0xca/0x1a0     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106461]  [<ffffffff813e910a>] ? netlink_sendmsg+0x31a/0x750     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106467]  [<ffffffff813a8036>] ? sock_sendmsg+0x86/0xc0     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106470]  [<ffffffff813e8301>] ? netlink_insert+0x131/0x220     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106474]  [<ffffffff813a81a1>] ? SYSC_sendto+0xf1/0x180     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106478]  [<ffffffff813a51ea>] ? sock_alloc_file+0x9a/0x130     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106483]  [<ffffffff811950d5>] ? __fd_install+0x15/0x40     May  3 10:54:04 deb kernel: [  602.106488]  [<ffffffff814aeb79>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b


title: Can I set a gnome keyboard shortcut to be a prefix key, like in emacs, tmux or screen?

text: I would like to setup some Gnome keyboard shortcuts to be a prefix-key, so that I can add several shortcuts with the same prefix. Eg. I'd like to be able to have `Super`+`x` be a prefix key, with the next letter determining the application to launch:   * `Super`+`x` `f` starts firefox   * `Super`+`x` `e` starts emacs   * `Super`+`x` `t` starts gnome-terminal Etc. Also, something like k as a prefix to workspace manipulation commands:   * `Super`+`k` `Left` workspace left   * `Super`+`k` `4` go to workspace 4 and so on. This is a natural analog to what `emacs`, `tmux` and other applications do with configurable shortcuts, and I can do this with the `stumpwm` window manager as well, but I wanted to try Unity on my new laptop and was trying to get the same efficient setup I had with `stumpwm`. Is this provided for in Gnome? Do I have to do some trickery to do this? It would be best if I could find a way to do this in gnome's keyboard shortcut editor.


title: Does "stopped" belong to "blocked" state?

text: The manpage of `ps` says               PROCESS STATE CODES        R  running or runnable (on run queue)        D  uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)        S  interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)        Z  defunct/zombie, terminated but not reaped by its parent        T  stopped, either by a job control signal or because           it is being traced      Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_state doesn't mention D, S and T states, at least explicitly. Do D, S and T belong to ready state, blocked state or some other state?


title: Warning for kernel "make config" command without sudo

text: while trying to configure kernel before compile, when I give this command without sudo privileges:               make config      I get these:               /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:488:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for ACPI_PCI_SLOT     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:490:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for ACPI_CONTAINER     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:491:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for ACPI_HOTPLUG_MEMORY     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:1565:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for BMP085     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:2979:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for POWER_SUPPLY     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:3214:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MFD_WM8400     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:4703:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for COMEDI_MISC_DRIVERS     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:4710:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for COMEDI_PCI_DRIVERS     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:4767:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for COMEDI_PCMCIA_DRIVERS     /boot/config-3.2.0-4-amd64:4775:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for COMEDI_USB_DRIVERS      while none of these come while doing `sudo make config`. Why is that?


title: How can I constantly see the current filename in vim?

text: I am using vim and I need a way to always be able to see the file that I am working on without having to do `^G`.   I see the file name when I start vim but when I start to work and use various functions it gets lost.   Also I have seen other people have some kind of "addons" in the lower part of the vim console that seem like they are "button"/"tabs" (I am not sure how to describe them) that show various info constantly including the file name.   Any idea what are these plugins? Or how can I achieve what I want?


title: How do I run a script n times at same time and how do I simulate a semaphore?

text: I have a text file, inside of this file is a number, and I have a script.sh in ksh. The script reads the file and gets the number, then increases the number by 1 and overwrites the new number in the file, then sleeps for some time and the process repeats until the number is equal to 120. I want to have this script running n times at the same time, how do I do this? But then I will have n processes trying to edit the file.txt and in order to have just one process editing and when it finishes (sleeps) the second can edit and so on... Probably you will tell me that I have to use a lockfile, but unfortunately I can't use that, so I have to find another way in order to simulate semaphores. Any ideas? Thanks.


title: Start scrolling command prompt when filled until a particular fraction

text: I'm using the default terminal command prompt on Ubuntu 12.04. When I'm doing something on the prompt (as opposed to editing in `VI`) the scrolling starts when the text reaches bottom of the screen. I don't like that because I have to keep my eyes always at the bottom of the screen. I would prefer if there were an option to start scrolling things up when we reach a particular fraction of vertical screen size. Currently I just use clear screen (`CTRL+L`) but it's tedious to do that every time. I don't like resizing command prompt because the background distracts me and I have to resize it each time in a new session. Is there some way to do scroll when prompt fills until a particular fraction (say 70%)?


title: Domain name resolution tool not specific to DNS

text: `host`, `dig` and `nslookup` can be used to lookup DNS names from the command line. However, they query the names from the DNS server directly, instead of using `nsswitch` to resolve host names. This means /etc/hosts and mDNS aren't used. Is there a command line tool that looks up the name by the standard way (honouring mDNS and /etc/hosts)? There is a similar question on Ask DIfferent, but it seems to be specific to OS X.


title: What is the usage of $& in bash?

text: I was looking into special parameters in bash. I am curious to know what is `$&` and how it is different from `$_`. I see the following output when running the commands but could not locate the meaning as well.               k@Linux:~$ echo $&     [1] 12397     $     k@Linux:~$ echo $n          [1]+  Done                    echo $     k@Linux:~$


title: If htaccess doesn't use cookies, then how does it identify the client?

text: If I log in to my site that I protected with htaccess (so it pops up for a username/pwd) then I can't see any cookies. But why? How could the server identify that I'm the one that already logged in to the htaccess protected site? Could that be that we are on a NAT'ed network, and the server will let in others with the same public IP?


title: Ubuntu change language encoding for file uploading

text: Previously we were running a Wordpress site on a Mac OS Server machine. We had several hundred images with Chinese characters for the image names. Now we're trying to migrate to a Ubuntu system and everything is fine except the images. Every time I try to upload an image with a Chinese name via FTP, I get the following message: `MyImage contains illegal characters. Please choose an appropriate text encoding`. I have no idea how to solve this issue, do I need to somehow change the system language encoding in Ubuntu to allow for Chinese charactered image uploading?


title: Unable to install open CV in Ubuntu 12.04

text: I am trying to install openCv for learning purpose and then using it for OCR(Optical Character Recognition) but i am unable to install it in Ubuntu 12.04 I am following this link and able to carry upto step of downloading ffmpeg but while configuring it getting following error               ERROR: libmp3lame >= 3.98.3 not found      I tried to install libmp3lame following this link but get this error again when configuring ffmpeg               ERROR: libmp3lame >= 3.98.3 not found


title: Can I forbid the creation of files with certain permissions?

text: I have a directory with a certain group ID, and I only want files with the same ID to be in that directory. So I set the SGID bit on that directory, so that everytime a file is created inside it, it gets the correct ID. Commands like cp or touch are fine now. The problem is that if someone uses mv to move a file inside the directory, its group ID isn't set to that of the directory. I do not want that to happen.


title: Network adapter forgetting address?

text: I started sysrescuecd v3.7.0 via USB on my PC because I'd like to backup my disk.   My idea was to use `dd` and `nc` to send data to a different PC, so I'm using `ip addr add` to configure the ethernet device like this:               ip addr add 192.168.212.11/24 dev enp0s25      and I can successfully ping the remote PC. Problem is that, after a little while (some minutes), it seems that the OS is _forgetting_ the configuration. Pinging doesn't work anymore and `ip addr show` displays an unconfigured network card. Of course, I'm not rebooting or issuing other `ip` commands in the meanwhile. Anybody could help me figure out this, please?


title: Replace hard drive in ubuntu

text: I know variants of this question have been asked before, but I couldn't find a specific answer to my situation. So here goes: Running ubuntu server 12.04 with the os on a separate drive and two 1,5 TB WD Green drives (sdc and sdd). The 2 WD greens make up a volume group using all the available space and this makes up a logical volume of the same size. One of the drives (sdd) are getting old, and I'm planning on replacing it. I have bought a WD Red 4 TB (sdb) drive on which I have managed to create a partition using the gpt partition table. I have added this drive to the volume group (/dev/storage) and logical volume (/dev/storage/storage (not ideal nomenclature, I know, but I didn't set this up to begin with)) and resized the file system using resize2fs (completed after 18 hours) so that all the space on the 3 drives are available. I'm using webmin from time to time (as well as the terminal), and I got the impression that one could tell the system to move all the contents from one drive to another one, but no luck. Getting error message telling me "No extents available for allocation". So this is where I'm stuck at the moment. I would really like some advice on what's the easiest way to make sure all my files on the oldest 1,5TB drive is moved to the new 4TB drive (or at least off the oldest one), so that I can remove the old one completely. From what I've read, I need to reduce the filesystem, then reduce the logical volume freeing enough space on my new drive to fit the files from the old one. Do I have to run lvreduce -L3T /dev/storage/storage followed by resize2fs to scale it down first? And then what? pvmove? Another solution might be to just create a new volume group and logical volume using the new 4TB drive, mount it, move everything from the old lv to the new one, and then remove the old lv and vg? I feel I have tangled myself into something I don't know the best way out of. Any input is greatly appreciated.


title: Expression error in bash script

text: I am getting this really weird error despite of the fact that the same script runs fine on one platform (Arch linux) but not on my other mobile platform (Maemo Linux). I'll pass here the relevant part of the code with the line numbering:               41 for DIR in $DIRS     42 do     43 tempdir=$DIR/     44 tempval=$(stat -c %Y $tempdir)     45 echo $tempval     46 if (( $tempval > $(date +%s) - 3600*24*30 )); then     47     echo "I am done basically. Exiting..."     48     exit     49 else     50     continue     51 fi     52 done      In the code above **DIRS** is a list which contains names of directories. In this loop i am trying to find one directory of the list which is newer than 30 days old and if i find one i exit the script. Line 45 is put there for debugging purposes basically. I am getting the error below:               ./script.sh : line 52 : 1372757584 : not found      **After some changes suggested from the comments:** Ok the error now is below:               scone.sh: line 46: ((: 1372768246 -gt 1372770593 - 3600*24*30 : syntax error     in expression (error token is "1372770593 - 3600*24*30 ")


title: Can you specify a separate trap in a subshell created with ()?

text: I'm writing a script that starts a subshell to go off and do some work. In a special case, the script needs to tell the subshell to cleanly stop what it's doing and exit early. However, my psuedo-code below doesn't seem to be working. Am I trying the impossible? Is it possible to define a separate trap for signals in a subshell?               #!/bin/bash          function myExitFunction { ... }     trap myExitFunction SIGTERM          while [ 1 ] ; do         waitForSpecialCondition              kill -0 $SUBSHELL_PID   # check if subshell is running         if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then  # and kill it if it is             kill $SUBSHELL_PID         fi              (         someProcess         MYOWNCHILD=$!           # save someProcess's pid to kill later if I need to         trap "kill $MYOWNCHILD" SIGTERM         ... # do stuff         ) &         SUBSHELL_PID=$!          done


title: Installing SCO OpenServer 5.0.7 Maintenance Pack

text: I have had so many issues on how to download, extract and install this software on SCO. And I'm sure there are loads of people having or had the same issue as I am having. So the question is, how do I install software in SCO?


title: Differences between sed on Mac OSX and other "standard" sed?

text: I am having some issues in using an answer provided on this site for this question about a sed command to replace a blank line with two other lines of content, and it was brought up if the sed command on Mac OS (10.6.7 for me) is different. I don't think that it is, but was wondering if others on this site thought differently.


title: "nopage" method for ISA vs PCI

text: This is with reference to LDD3 ch. 15, section "`Mapping memory with nopage`". I am having trouble understanding the `third paragraph on page 429`. It says: > Note that this implementation works for ISA memory regions but not for those > on the PCI bus. PCI memory is mapped above the highest system memory, and > there are no entries in the system memory map for those addresses. Because > there is no struct page to return a pointer to, nopage cannot be used in > these situations; you must use remap_pfn_range instead. Questions:   1. Why would there be NO struct pages for PCI addresses? Aren't these addresses still within the processor address range (i.e less than 4 GB)?   2. Referring to @gby's answer for http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11496999/how-does-one-determine-the-page-frame-number-for-device-memory, one explanation is that the "simple" module is useful only for mapping RAM areas to user virtual addresses. If so, how can one explain the invocation of the nopage method at all? By definition, arent all pages of main memory always available in the main memory? How can a page fault occur? I would really appreciate any inputs/responses on this.


title: Zip contents of some subfolders but not others

text: I would like to use the unix zip command to zip a directory. Let's say the directory is structured as follows:               dir1/     dir1/dir2/     dir1/dir2/file1     dir1/dir2/file2     dir1/dir3     dir1/dir3/file1     dir1/file1     dir1/file2      I would like to zip `dir1` into `dir1.zip` such that `dir1.zip` contains `dir1/file1, dir1/file2, dir1/dir2/file1, dir1/dir2/file2, dir3/`, but NOT `dir1/dir3/file1`. In short, I'd like to zip all of the FILES under `dir1`, `dir2` and all of its files, and `dir3` but NONE of its files. If I do `zip dir1 dir1/`, it will zip everything in `dir1`, all of its files and subfolders but not the contents of the subfolders. If I do `zip -r dir1 dir1/`, it will zip everything in `dir1`, including all of its files and all of the files of its subfolders. I would like to be able to control which subfolders should be zipped recursively and which shouldn't. Thanks.


title: How to stop Western Digital External HDD from Sleeping

text: I have one Western Digital External HDD(2TB) connected to Redhat Server with the Partition type Ext3. But I noticed that it goes to 'sleep' mode if no one is accessing it. So if I try to access it, it takes some time to wakeup I want to disabled this feature. Please advice me which parameter to disable # OUTPUT               sudo /sbin/hdparm /dev/sdb1          /dev/sdb1:      readonly     =  0 (off)      readahead    = 256 (on)      geometry     = 46589/255/63, sectors = 3906959742, start = 63