title: What's wrong with my AD/LDAP integration?

text: I upgraded a system from openSuSE 12.3 to 13.1 earlier this week. The upgrade trashed the networking and LDAP. The networking I was able to fix by deleting the bad adapter that the upgrade added, then restoring the right values to the good adapter. LDAP settings were also trashed, but putting them back has not helped. Along the way I also noticed that the winbind startup scripts got removed. I've added them back in, but still no success. Local logins work, but LDAP logins fail, and the domain user directories are showing numbers for IDs instead of user names. Permissions on those directories appear to be appropriate. Current notes:   * `winbind` fails during startup. However, when run manually it comes up fine.   * `wbinfo -t` succeeds.   * `wbinfo -a user` results in "Could not authenticate user with plaintext password"   * Attempts to login via ssh throw: > "pam_winbind(sshd:auth): request wbcLogonUser failed: WBC_ERR_AUTH_ERROR, > PAM error: PAM_SYSTEM_ERR (4), NTSTATUS: NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_DISCONNECTED, > Error message was: NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_DISCONNECTED" errors   * I also see periodic apparmor errors like this:  > "kernel: [86545.268317] type=1400 audit(1389282065.400:102): > apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" parent=2133 profile="/usr/sbin/winbindd" > name="/var/lib/samba/smb_krb5/krb5.conf.DOMAIN" pid=16744 comm="winbindd" > requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=0 ouid=0" I'm guessing that I'm missing some config setting somewhere, but I've wiped out and rebuilt it through yast without any success. Ideas?


title: How to debug the input from an input-device (/dev/input/event*)

text: I have a IR reciver that is using the imon-driver and i would like to get it working with the kernel. Right now half of the keys on the remote (image) works, but an all important think like the numeric keys doesnt! The weird think is that the kernel keymap module (rc-imon-pad) seems to be correct but it seems that it is not really used since excatly the same keys are working without that module. **EDIT:** It seems that the rc-imon-pad module always gets loaded when i load imon, and then i suspect that the keycodes are cached so it doesnt make a difference if i unload rc-imon-pad Now i am lost, if i do `cat /dev/input/event5` or `ir-keytable -t` there is data no matter what key i press, so the driver registers the buttons but it just seems that they are translated to the wrong keycodes. My kernels is an ubuntu stock kernel from Natty (Linux xbmc 2.6.37-11-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP Tue Dec 21 23:42:56 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux)


title: Extract Values from HTML via HTML parser

text: I initially asked about a way to use `grep`/`awk` directly from an HTML file. I got some feedback but I see that people did not have the whole HTML and so the solutions suggested failed. Some have mentioned that HTML parsing would be a much better option. As I have no idea I kindly would like to ask the experts here how this would work and if easily possible provided some input. I work on Raspberry Pi with standard Linux/Debian Wheezy. The HTML mentioned is found here, simple HTML...but I guess it's important to see the whole file to be able to help: https://www.dropbox.com/s/9jdgzen2hwjxhjp/main.htm So what is required is to:   * Extract the two values, Pplus and Pminus (18.0000 and 0.00000) and provide them, plus providing the SUM.    * Both values come from a smart meter (energy meter) that provides the energy generated P- and energy/power taken from the network P+.   * P- in case of sun and solar plant working, so 18W is at night, 0.0000 means no generation as no sun, just to give you some background information. I tried to update and ask for support in the original thread but seems that nobody's seen it again since there hasn't been any new feedback the last few days. This is my attempt now to bring this back to the experts here.


title: Java doesn't show menu text

text: I startet netbeans/intelliJ/squirrelSQL after I didn't use it for a few days/weeks and now the menu doesn't show text. There are just the underlineds. My system:   * ArchLinux (everything up to date, everything installed via pacman)   * Gnome 3.12.2   * OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.0) (Arch Linux build 7.u60_2.5.0-2-x86_64)   * OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.60-b09, mixed mode)   * Java: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk/jre/bin/java Any idea? Screenshot: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/AlMJO.png)


title: how to ssh -Y and then su - <another user> and still forward X applications to your local machine

text: it is easy enough to 'fetch' (ie draw locally) a remotely running linux application: If I `ssh -Y` to the remote machine and run an application, that application will surely enough pop up in my local desktop. If , however, while I am ssh'ed in the remote machine, and I `su` to a different user though, I can not forward the X application but to my local machine. It is `wrong authentication`. I am not sure how to tackle this case. The `echo $DISPLAY` is still correct (set by the initial `ssh -Y` logon), but the session cookie is probably only set for the initial user that logged on ssh. How can I overcome this difficult and forward other X applications that are run from different users? The reason I am not ssh'ing directly is because I don't want that user to be accessible through ssh (it is the "virtualbox" user, which is obviously an easy target for bots trying to ssh to that server)...


title: How to install Touchégg on Fedora 20

text: How do I install Touchégg on Fedora 20? https://code.google.com/p/touchegg/wiki/CompileSourceCode seems to be written for Ubuntu (Debian) systems, which makes me confused; > 1 - Download and unzip the source code: No problems. Just do what it says. > 2 - Install Touchégg dependencies. In Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot and recent > open a terminal and type: > > `$ sudo apt-get build-dep touchegg` How do I do this in Fedora? Or, if necessary, how do I do the alternative version "`sudo apt-get install build-essential libqt4-dev utouch libgeis-dev libx11-6 libxtst-dev`" in Fedora? > 3 - Compile and install Touchégg:   >  $ qmake   >  $ make   >  $ sudo make install I didn't get this far, but can I do exactly as it says? Do `qmake`, `make` and `make install` exist in Fedora and work as in Ubuntu/Debian?


title: Automatized kernel upgrade

text: I am writing a BASH script that automatically configures, builds and installs the most recent kernel image. The generated kernel should include the grsecurity patchset. It would use the previous configuration from `/proc/config.gz`, which I created manually when compiling the first custom kernel on the machine. Is it safe to fully automatize the process? It would look like this:   1. Check the most recent kernel that `grsecurity` is available for   2. Download the `grsecurity` patchset and the matching kernel source tree   3. Patch the kernel   4. Copy the previous kernel configuration file into the kernel source directory   5. Run `make olddefconfig` to configure the kernel based on the previous configuration   6. Compile the kernel with `fakeroot make deb-pkg`   7. Install the resulting packages and change bootloader priority   8. Send me a mail indicating that a reboot is required The main question: is it likely that a kernel compiled with `olddefconfig` will contain errors that prevent the system from booting if the previous configuration is working correctly? It is very important because it is a remote server accessed via SSH and a manual rescue would take a lot of effort.


title: What is `plan` for users?

text: Sometimes, I use `finger` - and I can't help but notice that when I specify a user: `finger admin` - The last thing the output says is:               No Plan.      What does that mean? Where can I find out more about this - ?


title: Why doesn't my udev rule work?

text: I created a file `/etc/udev/rules.d/60.alsa.rules` with the following content:               KERNEL=="0000:00:1b.0", SUBSYSTEM=="pci", ATTR{label}=="Realtek High Definition Audio Device", ATTR{vendor}=="0x8086", SYMLINK+="jumanji"      Then I restarted udev using init.d but the symbolic link `/dev/jumanji` was not created. What should I do? Additional information:               udevadm info -a -n /dev/snd/by-path/pci-0000\:00\:1b.0          looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/controlC0':         KERNEL=="controlC0"         SUBSYSTEM=="sound"         DRIVER==""            looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0':         KERNELS=="card0"         SUBSYSTEMS=="sound"         DRIVERS==""         ATTRS{id}=="PCH"         ATTRS{number}=="0"            looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0':         KERNELS=="0000:00:1b.0"         SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"         DRIVERS=="snd_hda_intel"         ATTRS{irq}=="45"         ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x8086"         ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"         ATTRS{class}=="0x040300"         ATTRS{index}=="1"         ATTRS{label}=="Realtek High Definition Audio Device"         ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="64"         ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="64"         ATTRS{local_cpus}=="ff"         ATTRS{device}=="0x1c20"         ATTRS{msi_bus}==""         ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-7"         ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"         ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x2042"         ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1"            looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':         KERNELS=="pci0000:00"         SUBSYSTEMS==""         DRIVERS==""


title: How to split a filename list in 5GB sets?

text: I have a pretty big list of files which I like to group in smaller list of 5GB each for further processing. The file list is in the following form: "size" (from `du`) "tab" "absolute path", like this (I obfuscate the file names for privacy of the owner):               $ cat unix_StackExchange_question.txt      543732  1.txt     543736  2.txt     543736  3.txt     543736  4.txt     543740  5.txt     543740  6.txt     543740  7.txt     543744  8.txt     543748  9.txt     543748  10.txt     543752  11.txt     543760  12.txt     543768  13.txt     543772  14.txt     543780  15.txt     543780  16.txt     543784  17.txt     543784  18.txt     543796  19.txt     543860  20.txt     546068  21.txt     546384  22.txt     548576  23.txt     549600  24.txt     549624  25.txt     549660  26.txt     549680  27.txt     549700  28.txt     549704  29.txt     549712  30.txt     549712  31.txt     549716  32.txt     549716  33.txt     549716  34.txt     549720  35.txt     549720  36.txt     549720  37.txt     549724  38.txt     549732  39.txt     549736  40.txt     549740  41.txt     549740  42.txt     549744  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976304  446.txt     979696  447.txt     979712  448.txt     988492  449.txt     1057628 450.txt     1090748 451.txt     1092992 452.txt     1098340 453.txt     1099496 454.txt     1100484 455.txt     1100528 456.txt     1100724 457.txt     1101532 458.txt     1111008 459.txt     1111016 460.txt     1111040 461.txt     1111052 462.txt     1111052 463.txt     1111056 464.txt     1111064 465.txt     1111072 466.txt     1111080 467.txt     1111084 468.txt     1111092 469.txt     1111100 470.txt     1111100 471.txt     1111100 472.txt     1111108 473.txt     1111120 474.txt     1111124 475.txt     1111132 476.txt     1111136 477.txt     1111136 478.txt     1111140 479.txt     1111160 480.txt     1111168 481.txt     1111168 482.txt     1111180 483.txt     1111184 484.txt     1111192 485.txt     1111236 486.txt     1111256 487.txt     1111344 488.txt     1116348 489.txt     1120988 490.txt     1137784 491.txt     1137784 492.txt     1138120 493.txt     1138120 494.txt     1138380 495.txt     1138380 496.txt     1204392 497.txt     1488592 498.txt     1757076 499.txt      BTW: those are just the biggest 500th files. Is there a easy way to split this list in lists with files that sum up to approximately 5GB? **Edit:** Wanted output for a possible solution               file1:         2500000  478.txt         2345872  400.txt         134325   300.txt     file2:         2134356  123.txt         2857439  4325.txt     file


title: How to add folders and file before compiling kernel

text: I'm building custom Android Kernel based on Cyanogenmod ROM' kernel source code. What I need to do is to add folders and files into the root folder of the OS ("/"). For instance, after having compiled my Kernel I expect that an extra folder named "toto" (absolute path = /toto) had been created I have really no idea which files have to be edited and how to do the work.


title: How to build a basic embedded linux on a Qualcomm router?

text: Not knowing the first thing on how to build a minimal linux system on an embedded device, I'd like to get some pointers in the right direction. **Generally speaking** , I'd like to know what are the basic requirements, pieces and steps to get a an ultra minimalistic *nix shell to run on an embedded processor, not already containing any accessible OS. **More specifically** , I have a Qualcomm `MDM9200` based router, that contain an embedded WebUI (probably `mini_httpd`), but is not running anything else, that can be accessed or used to change the WebUI. Also, this device is not based on a linux at all. So, I'd like to understand how I could run a simple linux like-shell (BusyBox?) on such a device?


title: How to log commands within a "sudo su -"?

text: If I:               [user@notebook ~] sudo echo 123456uu     123456uu     [user@notebook ~]       Then I can see that in the logs:               [root@notebook /var/log] grep 123456uu *     auth.log:Jan  9 17:01:51 notebook sudo: user : TTY=pts/3 ; PWD=/home/user ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/echo 123456uu     [root@notebook /var/log]       but if I:               [user@notebook ~] sudo su -     [root@notebook ~] echo 1234567zz     1234567zz     [root@notebook ~]       I cannot see it in the logs:               [root@notebook /var/log] grep 1234567zz *     [root@notebook /var/log] echo $?     1     [root@notebook /var/log]       **My question: How can I turn the logging on for the commands within the "sudo su -"?** OS is an Ubuntu 12.04 but the question is in general. UPDATE#1:               [user@notebook ~] sudo su -     [sudo] password for user:      [root@notebook ~] echo zizizi     zizizi     [root@notebook ~] cd /var/log     [root@notebook /var/log] grep -iIR 'zizizi' *     [root@notebook /var/log] grep 'COMMAND=/bin/su -' *     auth.log:Jan 10 15:42:42 notebook sudo: user : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/user ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/su -     [root@notebook /var/log]


title: What is the difference between a windowing system and a window manager?

text: What is the difference between a windowing system (for example X11, Wayland) and a window manager (Awesome, Compiz, OpenBox)?


title: Check some property for every line of a file

text: I have several (427 to be precise) text files with a million lines each containing 31 numbers separated be spaces (possible double spaces). However there might be some data corruption and there may be lines containing junk. I now want to check if every line satisfies the property of containing 31 items separated by spaces (I assume that those items are numbers. A method which checks that too would be better). My current way is               while read line;     do        if [ $(echo "$line" | sed 's/ /\n/g' | grep -v "^$" | wc -l) -ne 31 ]        then           echo "$file bad";        fi     done < $file      This replaces all spaces of a line by newlines, filters empty lines, counts the number of lines and compares it to 31. This approach is slow and there's probably a much better way involving some fancy regular expression. What would be a faster way?


title: /dev/disk/by-uuid/ not working on one machine

text: I have a iSCSI disk which I am mounting from several machines (exclusively, not concurrently). On machine `A`, I start iscsi `service open-iscsi start` and the iscsi disk is discovered as `/dev/sdb1`. Also, the `UUID` gets added in `/dev/disk/by-uuid/` On machine `B` I start iscsi `service open-iscsi start` and the iscsi disk is also discovered as `/dev/sdb1`. However, no `UUID` is generated (but `UUID` for other disks works fine) Why would UUID work on one machine, but not on another? I am using Debian Wheezy **UPDATE** : I have discovered, that when I run `partprobe` the UUID suddenly appears in `/dev/disk/by-uuid/`. However, when I stop `iscsi` and start it again, the UUID is not there. Do I have to run `partprobe` every time? **UPDATE2** : the iscsi disk is 4TB. My suspicion is that this is causing the problem (because it is larger than 2TB)


title: calling system("command") from signal handler

text: In a signal handler, I saw `system()` used to invoke some shell commands, like               void     sig_handler(int signum) {        system("command1");        system("command2");        system("command3");        signal(signum, SIG_DFL);     }      Is it safe to make calls in this way, in a signal handler (bound to `SIGSEGV`, `SIGABRT`, `SIGBUS` ...), and then invoke the default handler ? or does it depend on the _commands_ being invoked ?


title: Sharing /boot between two Ubuntu 12.04 Server installations?

text: This question may seem trivial at first sight, but it has certain implications and I'm wondering what is the recommended path to take here. Assume the following scenario: a server system. The default boot gets kicked off from a partition on the first hard drive which hosts the `/boot` volume and the GRUB2 code. The `/` volume is on an `md` device (RAID1, in case it matters) and GRUB2 is aware of that. Everything works fine and is nice and dandy. Now: another system is to be set up in parallel for rescue purposes, in case something happens to the `md`. The rescue shell isn't exactly too helpful, but having a full-fledged Ubuntu installation gives you a lot more power, I reckon. So the idea would be to clone the configuration - largely - which is kept under version control using `etckeeper` from the default system to the rescue system in a cron job and cherry pick some pieces such as the `sshd` host keys and `/etc/network/interfaces` to make sure the rescue system would end up booting into a remotely accessible state resembling that of the default system (possibly locked down to only allow root logins instead - but I think I know how to take care of those parts). How can these two installations share the same `/boot` volume? It makes sense to do it, because the existing one is on the first hard disk and so will the rescue system be. However, assuming updates and eventually pruning kernels from the default system, this would leave the rescue system in an unbootable state. How can I prevent this and recycle the `/boot` volume for both installations?


title: Is xfs_fsr safe to interrupt?

text: Is it safe to interrupt (`Ctrl`-`C`) a long running `xfs_fsr` job? I'm attempting to defragment a very large XFS volume.


title: Tar a folder without .git files?

text: If I tar a folder that is a git repository, can I do so without including the `.git` related files? If not, how would I go about doing that via a command?


title: How do I configure mutt to display the date header in my local time zone in the pager?

text: When I view a message in the pager mutt displays the time in the Date header in UTC rather than my local time zone. The index view displays the local time correctly. I found this old mailing list post that describes how to get the local time to display in the status bar at the bottom of the screen, but this still doesn't "fix" the time in the Date header at the top of the screen. Is there any way to get the pager to convert the Date header time to local time?


title: How to disable the trash can in KDE

text: From what I gather, the idea of a "trash can" is of Windows descent, and was to make a user's life easier. However, when I go to delete a file, _I don't hit delete unless I know I don't need it and will never need it ever again. Period._ I'm currently running OpenSuse and the trash can is a confusing "feature" (as I can't seem to find WHERE it is) that sometimes even creates cute little directories on my flash drives for trash. Basically put, I don't like the trash can idea. Is there a way I can "turn it off"? I'm assuming it's a filesystem thing, so it might be harder to do then I predict. Basically, I would like to perform a `rm -rf` on the file that is selected (`-r` in case it is a directory). Is this at all possible?


title: Use dedicated per-user log file for cron and?

text: On Ubuntu 12.04 how can I configure `cron` to log to a particular file when it runs jobs as a particular user? I am interested in redirecting both the messages that go into `auth.log` and those going into `syslog`.


title: Automate modprobe command at boot time on Fedora

text: My distribution is Fedora 17 Gnome. Every time I reboot/restart my computer I need to run this command as root:               modprobe rt2800usb      How can I make it permanent?


title: overheating fedora 19 gnome

text: Friends, my laptop is getting overheated. I have integrated graphics:               $ lspci | grep vga     (standard input):   3  :00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)     (standard input):  16  :01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108M [GeForce GT 540M] (rev a1)      and the temperature is getting too high:               $ sensors     acpitz-virtual-0     Adapter: Virtual device     temp1:        +84.0°C  (crit = +100.0°C)     temp2:        +84.0°C  (crit = +100.0°C)          nouveau-pci-0100     Adapter: PCI adapter     temp1:        +76.0°C  (high = +95.0°C, hyst =  +3.0°C)                            (crit = +105.0°C, hyst =  +5.0°C)                            (emerg = +135.0°C, hyst =  +5.0°C)          coretemp-isa-0000     Adapter: ISA adapter     Physical id 0:  +79.0°C  (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)     Core 0:         +79.0°C  (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)     Core 1:         +78.0°C  (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)     Core 2:         +75.0°C  (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)     Core 3:         +78.0°C  (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)      I tried to install xorg-x11-drv-nvidia as suggested in here, but then my X-system is not coming up. (I was basically bitten by this bug and updated my xorg's. If needed, I am posting my my xorgs:               $ rpm -qa|/usr/bin/grep xorg-x11     xorg-x11-drv-mga-1.6.2-7.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-modesetting-0.6.0-7.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-1.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-openchrome-0.3.3-1.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1.0.7-1.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-17.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.14.2-4.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-vmmouse-13.0.0-5.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-vmware-13.0.1-1.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-glamor-0.5.0-5.20130401git81aadb8.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-1.7.1-2.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-xauth-1.0.7-3.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-fbdev-0.4.3-9.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-proto-devel-7.7-4.fc19.noarch     xorg-x11-xinit-1.3.2-8.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-server-common-1.14.2-4.fc19.i686     xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.5-8.fc19.noarch     xorg-x11-drv-evdev-2.8.0-1.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-qxl-0.1.1-0.13.20130703git8b03ec16.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-ati-7.1.0-5.20130408git6e74aacc5.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-wacom-0.21.0-1.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-vesa-2.3.2-9.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-1-75dpi-7.5-8.fc19.noarch     xorg-x11-utils-7.5-9.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-7.fc19.x86_64     xorg-x11-drv-intel-2.21.8-1.fc19.x86_64      ) Kindly help. I am using fedora 19 with gnome 3.8 **EDIT**               $ top          top - 17:13:42 up 21 min,  3 users,  load average: 0.25, 0.34, 0.38     Tasks: 194 total,   2 running, 192 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie     %Cpu0  :  5.0 us,  2.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 91.1 id,  0.0 wa,  1.0 hi,  0.7 si,  0.0 st     %Cpu1  :  2.3 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 95.7 id,  0.0 wa,  1.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st     %Cpu2  :  6.0 us,  3.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 90.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.3 hi,  0.3 si,  0.0 st     %Cpu3  :  3.0 us,  0.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 95.7 id,  0.0 wa,  1.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st     %Cpu4  :  3.3 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 95.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.7 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st     %Cpu5  :  3.0 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 94.7 id,  0.0 wa,  1.0 hi,  0.3 si,  0.0 st     %Cpu6  : 76.3 us, 22.4 sy,  0.0 ni,  0.3 id,  0.0 wa,  1.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st     %Cpu7  :  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.7 id,  0.0 wa,  1.3 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st     KiB Mem:   3940864 total,  2037364 used,  1903500 free,    68784 buffers     KiB Swap:  8388604 total,        0 used,  8388604 free,  1126564 cached      and               $ sensors     acpitz-virtual-0     Adapter: Virtual device     temp1:        +84.0°C  (crit = +100.0°C)     temp2:        +84.0°C  (crit = +100.0°C)      These two commands were used back to back. So nothing is working really.


title: Running proprietary software on Linux safely

text: As a summer project, I'm looking to prevent any piece of proprietary software like many games I run from having access to my personal files. After looking a lot at sandboxing, I've decided that anything like chroot is far too complicated for me to use, as simplicity=security. I've created a user all these applications will be run as, and ensured only members of my personal account's group, which this user isn't in, can access my documents. Things seem at a surface level like they're working (especially after I added it to the video group), but I thought it prudent to ask what security issues still exist.   * Can an application steal control of Control-Alt-Fn[1-12]?      * Can an application read what's happening on another x server run by the other user?   * Does it matter if my account for proprietary software has a weak password?   * Since my /home/$USER folder itself gives no permissions to anyone not in my group or me, it doesn't matter what permissions the files in there have, does it? The file names inside can't be read, can they?   * Wine doesn't do any funky system-level things that would be a vulnerability, does it?   * Are there any vulnerabilities through the /tmp directory?   * Are there any other vulnerabilities, that any application running in that account could use to get access to my documents?    * What are the good practices for this sort of thing?   * What else can I do to restrict the privileges of this account?  I'm running debian testing. Any advice would be appreciated.


title: Multicast UDP not working

text: Multicast UDP on raspberry pi I haven't narrowed things down enough to know if my issue is because of debian, raspbian specifically, or if I am just missing a something completely. I have a python application that uses multicast UDP to let other devices on the network know that my application is up and running and available at a specific IP address. The UDP multicast group is 239.255.250.250 and port is 9131. If I run tcpdump, I can see that the packet I am trying to send is actualy sending out data, but I never see anything come through on other machines on the network. There are other devices that uses this same kind of "beacon" with same multicast group and port and I can see those packets come through on other machines. The router has no firewall, and I am really kind of out of options at this point. Below is the basic diagnostics I know how to run. The bad udp chksum looks like it's probably not helpful, but I don't really know anything about that. Output of ifconfig               eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:b2:79:12                 inet addr:192.168.2.7  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:1682 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:1686 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:119105 (116.3 KiB)  TX bytes:169570 (165.5 KiB)      Output of tcpdump while app is running                   tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes     03:29:15.722653 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 221)         192.168.2.7.33335 > 239.255.250.250.9131: [bad udp cksum 0xae84 -> 0xaabe!] UDP, length 193         0x0000:  4500 00dd 0000 4000 0111 cb66 c0a8 0207  E.....@....f....         0x0010:  efff fafa 8237 23ab 00c9 ae84 414d 5842  .....7#.....AMXB         0x0020:  3c4d 4143 2d41 4444 523d 6238 3a32 373a  <MAC-ADDR=b8:27:         0x0030:  6562 3a62 323a 3739 3a31 323e 3c2d 5555  eb:b2:79:12><-UU         0x0040:  4944 3d32 3032 3438 3135 3937 3537 3734  ID=2024815975774         0x0050:  3930 3e3c 2d53 444b 436c 6173 733d 5574  90><-SDKClass=Ut         0x0060:  696c 6974 793e 3c2d 4d61 6b65 3d69 5275  ility><-Make=iRu         0x0070:  6c65 426f 783e 3c2d 4d6f 6465 6c3d 5265  leBox><-Model=Re         0x0080:  6d6f 7465 426f 783e 3c2d 5265 7669 7369  moteBox><-Revisi         0x0090:  6f6e 3d30 2e31 3e3c 2d50 6b67 5f4c 6576  on=0.1><-Pkg_Lev         0x00a0:  656c 3d47 4350 4b30 3032 3e3c 2d43 6f6e  el=GCPK002><-Con         0x00b0:  6669 672d 5552 4c3d 6874 7470 3a2f 2f31  fig-URL=http://1         0x00c0:  3932 2e31 3638 2e32 2e37 3a38 303e 3c2d  92.168.2.7:80><-         0x00d0:  5374 6174 7573 3d52 6561 6479 3e         Status=Ready>     ^C     1 packet captured     1 packet received by filter     0 packets dropped by kernel      Output of netstat while program is running               Active Internet connections (servers and established)     Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name     udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:31144           0.0.0.0:*                           1510/dhclient        udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:33335           0.0.0.0:*                           2089/python          udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           1510/dhclient        udp        0      0 192.168.2.7:123         0.0.0.0:*                           1911/ntpd            udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:123             0.0.0.0:*                           1911/ntpd


title: Classification of Linux distributions

text: 1. What criteria distinguishes various distributions of Linux, such as Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE? In other words, given a release of a Linux OS, what features mean it is classified into one distribution not the other?   2. I heard that different distributions are grouped differently, for example, Debian-based, Gentoo-based, RPM-based, Slackware-based? I was wondering what criteria are used for the grouping?   3. Within a distribution, what distinguishes different releases? For example, within Ubuntu, Ubuntu 10.04 and 10.10.   4. As far as the concepts of release and distribution are concerned, is Windows 7 more of a counterpart of Ubuntu distribution or of Ubuntu 10.10? Is Windows NT family more of a counterpart of Ubuntu or of Debian-based Linux OSes? Thanks and regards!


title: fedora on the asus transformer?

text: Can you run fedora on the Asus Transformer? The form factor looks great, battery, having a tablet, etc; also, if/when gnome3 gets all touchy (sorry for the pun there), it'll be perfect for the transformer. So (back to the question), can it be done? has it been done?


title: saving in /tmp is not really saving?

text: Open e.g. a mail attachment from Firefox (without previously saving it); this is a Libre Office document, you edit it, and then push save (not save as) and close both text editor and browser. Then the document disappears, as it was stored by default in `/tmp`. At least this is the case on my Ubuntu 12.04. Do you think this is the correct behavior? Shouldn't the program at least remind you that you're not really saving anything? or is there some way to recover the file (also after logout and/or reboot)?


title: mounting volume protected against user access

text: I need to mount a directory in a way that prevents user accessing it. However I need to have access to all attributes (including permission) from root. Is following method safe or is there a way around it:               mkdir /mnt/protect     chmod 700 /mnt/protect     mkdir /mnt/protect/some_dir     mount /dev/sdXn /mnt/protect/some_dir


title: Is there any way to improve Putty on slow connections?

text: I'm working with `putty` but have a slow connection to the server. It's not slow everywhere and I don't need to get it faster. There is latency between when I type and when the text is displayed in the terminal. So the question : how to work with putty without the delay between my typing and the text appearing in the terminal. So I found this putty options : local echo and local line edit, but sure I can't use hotkeys with it. I need hotkeys so the subquestion is : How to make a hotkey to enable / disable local echo+line editing.


title: Setting /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches to clear cache

text: As part of doing some cold cache timings, I'm trying to free the OS cache. The kernel documentation says:               drop_caches          Writing to this will cause the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries and     inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free.          To free pagecache:         echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches     To free dentries and inodes:         echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches     To free pagecache, dentries and inodes:         echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches          As this is a non-destructive operation and dirty objects are not freeable, the     user should run `sync' first.      I'm a bit sketchy about the details. Running               echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches      frees pagecache, dentries and inodes. Ok. So, if I want the system to start caching normally again, do I need to reset it to 0 first? My system has the value currently set to 0, which I assume is the default. Or will it reset on its own? I see at least two possibilities here, and I'm not sure which one is true:   1. `echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches` frees pagecache, dentries and inodes. The system then immediately starts caching again. I'm not sure what I would expect the value in `/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches` to do if this is the case. Go back to 0 almost immediately?   2. If `/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches` is set to 3, the system does not do any memory caching till it is reset to 0. Which case is true?


title: Changing owner of NAS drive

text: I have setup a Freenas system that I would like to mount on my Ubuntu Desktop. Freenas is configured with **cifs** service. When I open the freenas server in nautilus smb://freenas/homenas/ I can create and delete files without a problem. Mounting the server also works:               sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.1.108/homenas /media/bigHD username=test,password=123      The **owner of all the files in /media/bigHD is tom** (my non root account). However **when I create a file under /media/bigHD its is owned by root**. I really do not wish to chown every file/folder after I create it. How can I fix this?


title: How does a shell (bash, for example) expand wildcard patterns?

text: Assume that a directory has 100 files starting with the letter 'a'. If I do a `grep <some string> a*` from the terminal, how will the shell handle this? Will it expand the regular expression, get a list of all files starting with a and grep on each one of those sequentially? Or is there some other way? Assume that I have an array of the above filenames that begin with 'a'. Will it take more/less time if I write a for loop and do the iteration myself in a shell script or a c program?


title: How do I install Plan 9 on Oracle VM VirtualBox?

text: I downloaded a Plan 9 (4th Edition) ISO from Bell Labs and gave the system twice the recommended memory and hard disk space. I followed the installation prompts, choosing the default options where possible. However, the installer warned that it ran out of space, despite completing the installation. When the machine tried to boot, it got multiple kernel panics and aborted. How do I get Plan 9 installed and running on VirtualBox?


title: List USB ports in linux

text: I want to list usb ports in linux and then send a message to the printer connected to it. That message is sensed by the printer to open the cash drawer. I know I can use `echo - e` and a port name, but my difficulty is finding the port name. How can I list the available ports or the ports that are currently used?


title: Newer versions of Mozilla (Iceweasel / Icedove) not working when X forwarding is used

text: On one of my machines (debian squeeze), I have just upgraded the standard version of Iceweasel provided with debian squeeze stable (3.5.16). I am now using the version available with the backports repository (18.0.1). I have upgraded Icedove, too. When Iceweasel or Icedove are called/run on the machine where they are installed, everything is fine. However, I have trouble using the new versions via ssh and through X forwarding. I am fairly sure it's not a basic issue with the X forwarding configuration because other applications (like gimp or an earlier version of Iceweasel) work well. Here's a screenshot of Iceweasel 3.5.16 (from a machine called "box"), working fine: ![Iceweasel 3 through X forwarding](http://i.stack.imgur.com/6EEt3.jpg) This is the blank window I get with the newer version of Iceweasel (18.0.1) or Icedove (10) through ssh/X forwarding on the same notebook, just called from a different machine ("boom") for test reasons: ![Icedove through X forwarding](http://i.stack.imgur.com/00UGK.jpg) One more hint: When I called the same new version of Iceweasel from an older debian istallation (lenny), I got a display in the window, but it crashed a lot (e.g. segmentation fault for some sizing issue with dialog boxed like Google's input bar). Since the exact same problem exists with both Iceweasel and Icedove, I am led to thinking that the newer versions of mozilla software are either buggy when confronted with X forwarding or require a configuration of X forwarding that I am not aware of. Edit: ... probably the latter. Things work when I access Iceweasel from one notebook (i386/debian squeeze), and the problems occur when I use another notebook (ppc/debian squeeze). Maybe I need some good hints in which config files I should look for differences...


title: All subprocesses are Bash (!),

text: I was trying to use GDB, and found that whenever it attempted to spawn the program I was debugging, Bash was spawned instead (GDB would say `starting myProg...`, and then Bash would appear. When I killed Bash, I'd be back in GDB, which would tell me Bash's exit status). At first I thought it was a bizarre problem with GDB, but then I discovered that trying to spawn a process from Vim also just spawned Bash. Through a weird flash of inspiration I connected this problem with the fact that my default shell is Tcsh, and as I'm not allowed to change it, I simply set my `.tcshrc` to contain `exec bash`. When I changed this to `bash` or just used Tcsh the problem disappeared. I have absolutely no insight into how the Tcsh thing leads to my problem. Could anyone provide any? * * * As an aside, I was able to get a temporary fix running GDB by `PATH="" /usr/bin/gdb` instead of just `gdb`. It spat out `bash: command not found`, and then proceeded to spawn the program I wanted to debug.


title: wget is returning an html page instead of original file

text: In my case the problem is with SourceForge.net. Actually I was trying to download these files:               http://sourceforge.net/projects/wxpython/files/wxPython/2.9.4.0/wxPython-src-2.9.4.0.tar.bz2/download     http://sourceforge.net/projects/wxpython/files/wxPython/2.9.4.0/wxPython-docs-2.9.4.0.tar.bz2/download      Something did not went good, so I logged **wget** , and the log file was:               --2012-08-21 09:52:17--  http://sourceforge.net/projects/wxpython/files/wxPython/2.9.4.0/wxPython-src-2.9.4.0.tar.bz2/download     Resolving sourceforge.net... 216.34.181.60     Connecting to sourceforge.net|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.     HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK     Length: 18846 (18K) [text/html]     Saving to: `download'               0K .......... ........                                   100% 6.30K=2.9s          2012-08-21 09:52:25 (6.30 KB/s) - `download' saved [18846/18846]          --2012-08-21 09:52:25--  http://sourceforge.net/projects/wxpython/files/wxPython/2.9.4.0/wxPython-docs-2.9.4.0.tar.bz2/download     Connecting to sourceforge.net|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.     HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK              The file is already fully retrieved; nothing to do.          FINISHED --2012-08-21 09:52:28--     Downloaded: 1 files, 18K in 2.9s (6.30 KB/s)      _As you can see in this log file, I end up in getting a single HTML file :(_ * * * This shows that wget doesn't waits on the page to let webpage to redirect it to another location, and it downloads the page itself. ### Question: I want those two files, with wget, how can I?


title: Can't format SSD during installation

text: Last night I tried to install Mandriva Linux on PC, where I have already Windows 7. In PC I've got 2 128GB SSD and 1 2TB HDD. On one SSD I installed Win7, and when I select the other empty SSD for installation, I couldn't format it. I get this message:               ext4 formatting of sdb1 failed      I don't remember what version on linux I tried to install. Is where a problem to have 2 operating systems on 2 different hard drives, and have option to choose which OS I want to run? How should I format empty SSD to install Linux on it?


title: ZSH, vcs_info, Mercurial, and Trac: weird branch and revision

text: I'm using zsh with vcs_info and it works nicely except when browsing a repo which is set up for Trac/Mercurial. Specifically, the hgrc for the repo has the following line in `[hooks]`: `changegroup = python:tracext.hg.hooks.add_changesets` as per the documentation. This leads to my vcs_info prompt displaying the branch as `configuration option hooks.changegroup = python:tracext.hg.hooks.add_changesets` and my revision as `untrusted`. Any ideas on why this is happening?


title: What are the scope restrictions for setting shopt extglob. and other options?

text: My non-interactive bash shell has `extglob off`. I would like to turn it on in the statement immediately before a command, but I have noticed that when `shopt -s extglob` is within an `if .. then .. else` block, it somehow does not register. The following _extglob-dependant_ command is not valid: `syntax error near unexpected token '('`. Where can `extglob` be set, and why is there a restriction, at all? Does this apply to other options? ... _GNU bash 4.1.5_ This works:               shopt -s extglob     if true ;then         touch a.bcd; ls a.@(bcd)     fi      This fails:               if true ;then         shopt -s extglob         touch a.bcd; ls a.@(bcd)     fi     ... line 17: syntax error near unexpected token `('     ... line 17: `touch a.bcd; ls a.@(bcd)'


title: What to do with a message/partial MIME type?

text: I used a copier/scanner to scan a document and email me the resulting image. It sent me several emails, each with a `message/partial` MIME attachment. `mutt` doesn't seem to understand these messages. What do I need to do to these to get my scanned image?


title: Mounting NFS share from Linux client on Windows domain

text: I've got a client (Ubuntu 13.10) joined to a Windows domain through PBIS/Likewise, serving Samba shares and allowing domain users to login with domain credentials. Outside of the Windows domain, there exists a network of Linux machines serving NFS shares and communicating UID/GID information over LDAP. From my client, I would like to preserve membership to the Windows domain and also be able to mount an NFS share from the Linux domain. We'll say that I'd like to access the Windows domain with my credentials as stan/windows^group and the Linux domain with my credentials as stan/linux^group. The usernames are identical and cannot be changed. Right now, I've installed nfs-common and I'm able to mount my NFS share while still participating as a Windows domain member. Listing the contents of the NFS share shows unrecognized UIDs/GIDs (i.e., 7513/7500 in lieu of stan/linux^group) and I have RO access. I've tried installing an LDAP client and joining the Linux domain with it-- This shows the correct user/group info, but hoses my ability to login as stan/windows^group (as anyone, actually. I uninstalled the LDAP client and rolled back my /etc/pam.d/common-* files to escape the problem). On top of that, I still couldn't write to the NFS share anyway. What options are available to me? Can I mount the NFS share with a specific UID/GID? Alias multiple UIDs/GIDs to a single user on my client? I'm looking for a solution that I can share with other Linux users on my team, so hard- coding ID #s isn't preferred. Note: Only settings on my client may be changed. Server-side configs are out of my hands.


title: How could I signal to a cron job to skip runs?

text: I have a cron job that runs every X mins and that I would like to have a way to "signal" it not to do anything if needed.   Is there a standard way for this? The only idea I had is to check some directory for the existence of a file and if it is there exit. Does this approach make sense? Are there any other approaches?


title: Using upstart with stop unknown instance

text: I'm just getting into upstart so i wrote a very basic script just to print to log file called: `vm-service.conf` that I put in `/etc/init`:               description "Virtual Images"     author      "Me"          start on runlevel [2345]     stop on runlevel [016]     respawn                  script     echo "DEBUG: `set`" >> /tmp/vm-service.log          end script               pre-stop script         echo "DEBUG: `set`" >> /tmp/vm-service.log     end script      if I run `sudo start vm-service`, it outputs:               vm-service start/running, process 29034      But, when I run `sudo stop vm-service`, it outputs:               stop: Unknown instance      I've tried running `sudo initctl reload-configuration`, but i still get the error on stop. I've looked at the cookbook but I'm probably missing something obvious.


title: How do I browse the internet from a Linux system masquerading it as a Windows or OSX system?

text: Hi I'd like to browse the internet from Chromium or Firefox on a Kubuntu system, but disguise my OS as Win/OS. Googling didn't help, but I'm not really sure I'm searching for the correct thing, since I'm not entirely sure what terminology to use for doing something like this.. I'll also add that there's no nefarious intentions, Time Warner's customer service chat app window says it runs only on Win/OSX, and as being a customer I'd like to enlist their online assistance from my Linux system.


title: reading a list of lines from a file writing output to a utility

text: I have a file with a list of lines I want to read from another file. I want to output those lines to a utility (`grep`) that lets me read the entire line and pull information from it. The file with the lines looks like this:               cat input.txt     2088     2089     2095     2096      For some reason I am stuck on this. I know `sed` can take a specific line number as an argument, but I can't figure how to get this into a variable to feed to it.


title: Fix terminal after displaying a binary file

text: I'd tried command `cat` with an executable file:               cat /bin/ls      Now I can't read any word in this terminal (Linux console). How can I fix it?


title: libssl1.0.0 won't let me install anything

text: I've been having the same issue with my computer for a while now and it's really been bugging me. It all started when I installed Skype about a month ago. Also, I apologize, I'm not actually using Ubuntu, though I would if I had the choice :P. I'm using Debian: SteamOS more specifically. I posted 3 different questions on the Debian user forums but got no answers. I was hoping maybe you guys could help instead considering I don't think this is a problem unique to Debian. Essentially, whenever I try to install most programs, I keep getting this error:               desktop@steamos:~$ sudo apt-get install zip     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:     The following packages have unmet dependencies:     libssl1.0.0 : Breaks: libssl1.0.0:i386 (!= 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4) but 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1 is to be installed     libssl1.0.0:i386 : Breaks: libssl1.0.0 (!= 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1) but 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4 is to be installed     E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).      I was reading around on here and found an answer for someone so I tried it. They said to simply redownload libssl1 and dpkg it. But this is what happened.               desktop@steamos:~$ sudo apt-get download libssl1.0.0:i386     [sudo] password for desktop:      Get:1 Downloading libssl1.0.0 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1 [3,008 kB]     Fetched 3,008 kB in 5s (528 kB/s)      desktop@steamos:~$ sudo dpkg -i '/home/desktop/libssl1.0.0_1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1_i386.deb'      (Reading database ... 114464 files and directories currently installed.)     Preparing to replace libssl1.0.0:i386 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1 (using .../libssl1.0.0_1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1_i386.deb) ...     De-configuring libssl1.0.0:amd64 ...     Unpacking replacement libssl1.0.0:i386 ...     dpkg: error processing libssl1.0.0:i386 (--install):package libssl1.0.0:i386 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1 cannot be configured because libssl1.0.0:amd64 is at a different version (1.0.1e-2+deb7u4)     dpkg: error processing libssl1.0.0:amd64 (--install):package libssl1.0.0:amd64 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4 cannot be configured because libssl1.0.0:i386 is at a different version (1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1)     Errors were encountered while processing:     libssl1.0.0:i386     libssl1.0.0:amd64      So any ideas how to fix this? I get the break error every time I try to install anything that uses libssl1 and it prevents me from using any unzipping tools (besides tar), WINE, and even dwarf fortress :( EDIT: after running               sudo apt-cache policy libssl1.0.0:i386      I get               desktop@steamos:~$ sudo apt-cache policy libssl1.0.0:i386     libssl1.0.0:i386:       Installed: 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1       Candidate: 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1       Version table:      *** 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1 0             500 http://repo.steampowered.com/steamos/ alchemist/main i386 Packages             500 http://repo.steampowered.com/steamos/ alchemist_beta/main i386 Packages             500 http://repo.steampowered.com/internal/steamos/ alchemist/main i386 Packages             100 /var/lib/dpkg/status          1.0.1e-2+deb7u4 0             500 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy/main i386 Packages          1.0.1e-2+deb7u3 0             500 http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ wheezy/updates/main i386 Packages      and after running               sudo apt-cache policy libssl1.0.0      I get:               desktop@steamos:~$ sudo apt-cache policy libssl1.0.0     libssl1.0.0:       Installed: 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4       Candidate: 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1       Version table:          1.0.1e-2+deb7u4+bsos1 0             500 http://repo.steampowered.com/steamos/ alchemist/main amd64 Packages             500 http://repo.steampowered.com/steamos/ alchemist_beta/main amd64 Packages             500 http://repo.steampowered.com/internal/steamos/ alchemist/main amd64 Packages      *** 1.0.1e-2+deb7u4 0             500 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy/main amd64 Packages             100 /var/lib/dpkg/status          1.0.1e-2+deb7u3 0             500 http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ wheezy/updates/main amd64 Packages


title: How to bind USB device under a static name?

text: I have an arduino which sometimes gets bound to `/dev/ttyUSB0` and other times to `/dev/ttyUSB1` making my script fail. I do not want to enumerate all the possibilities of where my device could be, but I rather have it be bound somewhere static, e.g. `/dev/arduinio`. How do I achieve that?


title: Copy a long single-line text from a terminal with undesired change-line

text: `locate ... | less` outputs a long path, which is shown as several lines in the terminal, although it is actually a single line. I copy the path from the terminal by selecting the text with mouse and hitting Ctrl+Shift+C. When I paste it into a text file, I get unwanted change-line in the text, exactly in the same way that it is shown in the terminal. But I remember sometimes I can copy a long path output by `locate ... | less`, without introducing unwanted line-change, and sometimes I can't. I don't realize if I do something differently. So I wonder how to make sure the problem will not happen? Thanks! My OS: Ubuntu 12.04. My terminal: Gnome Terminal 3.4.1.1


title: Pass bash script arguments in double quotes to php cli script

text: I am trying to pass arguments to a bash script and then to a php script, I have literally looked at 30+ links, and tried over a dozen examples, and I for whatever reason have not been able to get the following to work, I am seriously frustrated, any help is so very much appreciated. For the sake of this question, lets say I have the following bash script (test.sh)               #!/usr/bin/env bash          /usr/bin/php test.php $@      and I have the following PHP script (test.php)               <?php          print_r($argv);      and I am trying to execute the bash script with the following arguments               ./test.sh hello world "how are you"      the results of the above is the following               Array     (         [0] => test.php         [1] => hello         [2] => world         [3] => how         [4] => are         [5] => you     )      and I am looking for the results to be               Array     (         [0] => test.php         [1] => hello         [2] => world         [3] => how are you     )      Any ideas are greatly appreciated... I am banging my head against the desk....


title: Conky max height?

text: I need to set a maximum height in conky. I'm just wonder why I can set the maximum width but not the maximum height? I just trying to put a little box next to my tint2 panel but it is so hard when I can't set the height of the box.


title: What is the meaning of if [ -n "$(which voltdb 2> /dev/null)" ];?

text: I have very basic linux skills and now am trying to parse some shell scripts. I see this line in one of the scripts:               if [ -n "$(which voltdb 2> /dev/null)" ];      I know that /dev/null is the bit bucket and that which prints out the path that would have been executed had I run voltdb at the command line. Also, the whole line is obviously an if statement. But I am confused about many other things here.   1. Why is 2 being compared to /dev/null? These seem like incompatible types.    2. What does the switch -n do? I am used to using switches like rm -r filename but the -n does not seem to pair with any command   3. What do the brackets do? They seem to mean something else here than in this expression What is the meaning of this test expression []? Basically, what does this line do? There are too many unknowns in this for me -- so it's a little bit like hearing a sentence in a foreign language and missing so many words that you can't catch the basic structure.


title: Advantage to using Linux over Windows?

text: I want to get into using Linux more, all my programming and development has all been done under Windows. But I am wondering what is the core advantages to using Linux over Windows? What can I do in Linux that I can't do in Windows?


title: ssh - Could not open a connection to your authentication agent

text: Have tried everything I found in Google. Nothing seems to work. Here is what I've done.               user@home-machine ~ $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096     Generating public/private rsa key pair.     Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa):      /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.     Overwrite (y/n)? y     Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):      Enter same passphrase again:      Your identification has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.     Your public key has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.     The key fingerprint is:     xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx user@home-machine     The key's randomart image is:     +--[ RSA 4096]----+     xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     +-----------------+          user@home-machine ~ $ ssh-copy-id user@vps     user@vps's password:      Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'user@vps'", and check in:            ~/.ssh/authorized_keys          to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.                    user@home-machine ~ $ ssh user@vps      Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.     user@vps's password:           user@vps:~$ ssh-add     Could not open a connection to your authentication agent.     user@vps:~$ eval "$(ssh-agent)"     Agent pid 1501      I logged out, tried again and I still get the message: > Agent admitted failure to sign using the key. I try again ssh-add and I get: > Could not open a connection to your authentication agent. I deleted .ssh/authorized_keys and tried all over again and still nothing.


title: KVM network bridge and public static IP for both host and guests

text: I have a Debian Server with 4 public static addresses. There is a KVM guest (also Debian) installed and running. What I want is to give the guest an IP of the host, so that both machines have public IPs.               IP 1: 188.165.A.B     IP 2: 178.33.CCC.D     IP 3: 178.33.CCC.E     IP 4: 178.33.CCC.F      What should I do to have connection for host and guest ? This is network conf:               # ifconfig             br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28                 inet addr:188.165.A.B  Bcast:188.165.255.255  Mask:255.255.255.0               inet6 addr: fe80::ea40:f2ff:fe0a:cc28/64 Scope:Link               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:3618 errors:0 dropped:4 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:4853 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:0                RX bytes:599562 (585.5 KiB)  TX bytes:1693443 (1.6 MiB)          eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28                 inet6 addr: fe80::ea40:f2ff:fe0a:cc28/64 Scope:Link               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:4274 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:4879 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:720045 (703.1 KiB)  TX bytes:1715641 (1.6 MiB)               Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000           eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28                 inet addr:178.33.CCC.D  Bcast:178.33.255.255  Mask:255.255.255.255               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000           eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28                 inet addr:178.33.CCC.E  Bcast:178.33.255.255  Mask:255.255.255.255               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000           eth0:2    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28                 inet addr:178.33.CCC.F  Bcast:178.33.255.255  Mask:255.255.255.255               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000           lo        Link encap:Local Loopback                 inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0               inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host               UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1               RX packets:27932 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:27932 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:0                RX bytes:1820862 (1.7 MiB)  TX bytes:1820862 (1.7 MiB)          vnet0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr fe:54:00:87:40:ec                 inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe87:40ec/64 Scope:Link               UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:204 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:500                RX bytes:1452 (1.4 KiB)  TX bytes:16958 (16.5 KiB)          #route          Kernel IP routing table     Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface     default         aa.bb.cc.eu 0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 br0     188.165.255.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br0          # brctl show          bridge name bridge id       STP enabled     interfaces     br0     8000.e840f20acc28   no             eth0                                             vnet0      There is no firewall enabled and DNS is configured properly. What I want to achieve:                    |                         | |                +----+-------------------------+-+------+     |    |          Host           | |      |        |    |                         | |      |        |    |            +------------+------+ |     |  eth0           |          eth0:0-1 | |      |  188.165.A.B    |                   | |               |                 |                   | |               |                 |  br0     vnet0    | |      |                 +------------+------+ |     |                              |        |        |                              |        |        |                 +------------+------+ |     |                 |            |      | |        |                 |     eth0:2-+      | |     |                 |     178.33.CCC.F  | |     |                 |                   | |               |                 |       Guest       | |     |                 +-------------------+ |     +---------------------------------------+      Thanks you


title: mousekeys is too slow in gnome3 fedora

text: Today I had to use mousekeys feature and tried it but it was very slow and unsusable, can I incerase the speed of my cursor while using mousekeys?


title: Need help with a shell script

text: I have this script and it's not working and I don't know why.               #! /bin/bash          for dia in `more global_seismicity_feb27-apr19_2010.txt | awk '{print $2}' | sort -u`     do          #Count number of earthquakes in FINGER/NEIC, day $dia, between 33 - 38°S and 71 - 75°W.     #name this number num          num=`more global_seismicity_feb27-apr19_2010.txt | sed 's/,//g' | grep "FINGER/NEIC" | grep $dia | awk '{ if ( $4 > -38 && $4 < -33 && $5 > -75 && $5 < -71 ) print $0}' | awk 'END {print NR}'`          #Extract the number of days after the big earthqueake until day $dia     #name this number time          temp=`echo $dia | sed 's/\// /g' | awk '{print $2, $3, $1}'`     tiempo=`julday $temp | grep Julian | awk '{print $3-58}'`          #show data in terminal     echo $tiempo $num          done      the .txt files are here http://www.mttmllr.com/GMT/datos/ The error I get is:               ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     63     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     52     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     28     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     19     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     12     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     7     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     17     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     9     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     11     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     10     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     5     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     8     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     18     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     16     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     8     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     7     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     6     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     9     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     0     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     3     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     2     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     2     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     3     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     2     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     0     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     0     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     2     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     1     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     0     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     1     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     2     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     2     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     1     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     1     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     1     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     0     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     0     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     2     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     0     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     3     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     1     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     4     ./sismos_por_dia.sh: línea 15: julday: orden no encontrada     1


title: Is it possible to suggest an IP to my DHCP server for my client to use?

text: Is it possible for a DHCP client on Linux to suggest an IP to a DHCP server? I have no access to the DHCP server. I cannot use static networking, or DNS will not work. (DNS on my network is set up via DHCP via DHCP_HOSTNAME entry, and that _alone_ ) Thank you!!


title: Real copy to Android device

text: When i copy files to the Android phone, they are copied to some cache, but they aren't written. I don't like it, because i don't know what is done. I've tried these methods:   * copying via `thunar` file manager   * using `cp src dst` command   * using `rsync -aP src dst` I have to use `sync` to write data. I don't like it, because i can't see progress when copying large amount of data (using thunar, rsync).


title: Command substitution: cat with executable content

text: I have a file called `test` and the contents are:               ubuntu@regina:~$ cat test     ** test **      catting this file via command line works fine, but if I use command substitution I get an understandable but undesirable result.               ubuntu@regina:~$ A=$(cat test)     ubuntu@regina:~$ echo $A     deployment detect.sh htpasswd.py logs test uwsgi-1.0.4 uwsgi-1.0.4.tar.gz test deployment        detect.sh htpasswd.py logs test uwsgi-1.0.4 uwsgi-1.0.4.tar.gz      Because of the asterisks that exist in the file `test` it basically executes an `echo *` and lists the directory contents along with the file contents. Is there a parameter I can pass to the command substitution syntax that will not provide this result, or is there another idiom that should be used for this?


title: How do you tell what hard drive a file is on?

text: On Debian, I have multiple hard drives, how do I know where /var/www is? Bonus: How do I check the capacity and consumed capacity and of my drives?


title: Why does F10 in gnome-terminal open the right-click menu?

text: I am running Fedora 17 gnome (shell) 3 and gnome terminal 3.4.1.1. I am a user of both gnome-terminal and midnight commander. As default gnome- terminal has always used F10 (which I need while using mc), to opening the top menu. So was this time. I was able to disable that behaviour in the settings, as always. Which is new to me, is that after I disabled the setting, it started opening the "right-click menu" at the mouse cursor when I press F10. The key goes to mc too, but it is annoying to have to always close the menu. I assume it is caused by gnome terminal, as it does not happen in other apps. Is this a "feature" or bug, has anyone else encountered the same problem and how to fix it?


title: What is "Print to File" and can it be used from command line?

text: When you select "Print to File" in a Gnome print dialog (not cups-pdf): ![print-to-file](http://i.stack.imgur.com/K8PVs.png) ... what is the actual command that gets executed? (I'm interested in the postscript variant, as on the image) On the other hand - maybe there isn't a command call; maybe it is `gtk_print_operation_set_export_filename` from The new Gtk+ Printing API? In any case - is there a way for me to utilize this particular code from the command line (not `pdf2ps` and the like)? Say, by using `lpr` to "print to file" to a postscript file - as if I was using the dialog above?


title: Adding a new System call to Linux 3.2.x with a loadable kernel module

text: I want to add a particular new system call in the linux kernel 3.2.x but as a loadable kernel module (as I don't want to recompile the kernel again and again) I read through many posts on internet and also on SO, and some places claim that implementing system calls as loadable modules is not possible, while others say it is possible. Which is it? How is it done if it's possible?


title: using GPG key in Gajim without passphrase

text: I would like to use gpg key with Gajim (jabber client) without a passphrase. I have generated my gpg key without a passphrase (or with an empty passphrase, I don't know which - I just just pressed enter) I have configured gajim to use my gpg keys, but now when Gajim starts, it asks me for my passphrase, and I need just to press enter. I am wondering, is there a way to completely get rid of this passphrase dialog? Can I either generate the gpg key without a passphrase entirely, or can I tell gajim not to ask for the empty passphrase (or remember it) ?


title: start rsync download before upload completes

text: I'm uploading a file via rsync from my local machine to a server so that a colleague can download it to his machine. Normally I would notify him to start downloading when the upload is complete, but is there some combination of commands that would allow him to begin downloading while I am still uploading, and then resume after my upload is finished to get the complete file? I'd like to do this for individual files and for directories if possible.


title: How do I tell what version of Gentoo & Linux is running?

text: Is there a way to tell from Bash what distro version # I'm running and also what Kernel version is included?


title: Deleted files from home, deleted them from .local/share/Trash/files, System doesn't report back free space

text: I am running Crunchbang, a Debian variant with OpenBox WM. I have deleted a large number of files via browsing in thunar file manager and pressing del key. They disappear from view. I then go to ~/.local/share/Trash/files/ and delete them there too. The filesystem still doesn't report the freed space though.               df -h     Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on     /dev/sdb5              61G   57G  371M 100% /


title: Why is NetBSD the most stable OS here?

text: Please check figure 2 in this page: Linux versus Windows: OS impact on uptime and speed ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/xipKq.png) Why is NetBSD the most stable OS here?


title: There must be a better way to replace single newlines only?

text: I am in the habit of writing one line per sentence because I typically compile things to LaTex, or am writing in some other format where line breaks get ignored. I use a blank line to indicate the start of a new paragraph. Now, I have a file written in this style which I'd like to just send as plain text. I want to remove all the single linebreaks but leave the double linebreaks intact. This is what I've done:               sed 's/$^/NEWLINE/' file.txt | awk '{printf "%s ",$0}' | sed 's/NEWLINE/\n\n/g' > linebreakfile.txt      This replaces empty lines with some text I am confident doesn't appear in the file: `NEWLINE` and then it gets rid of all the line breaks with awk (I found that trick on some website) and then it replaces the `NEWLINE`s with the requisite two linebreaks. This seems like a long winded way to do a pretty simple thing. Is there a simpler way? Also, if there were a way to replace multiple spaces (which sometimes creep in for some reason) with single spaces, that would be good too. I use emacs, so if there's some emacs specific trick that's good, but I'd rather see a pure sed or pure awk version.


title: Ping a list of IP addresses and outputing duplicates

text: In Linux how can I ping a list of IP addresses (in a text file) and only output those that have duplicate ping replies?


title: pgModeler installation - Dependencies error

text: I'm trying to install the pgModeler. But I'm getting stuck. I have pgModeler at /opt/pgmodeler-0.5.2/ I have all the dependencies: Qt 5.0, Pg and the others. When I run the pgmodeler with ./pgmodeler, this error occurs:               ./pgmodeler: error while loading shared libraries: libutils.so.1:     cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory      For me the error is clear. Executing               $ ldd pgmodeler      the full stack of dependencies is shown. But in this part some files were not found.               libutils.so.1 => not found     libparsers.so.1 => not found     libdbconnect.so.1 => not found     libobjrenderer.so.1 => not found     libpgmodeler.so.1 => not found     libpgmodeler_ui.so.1 => not found     libQt5PrintSupport.so.5 => not found     libQt5Widgets.so.5 => not found     libQt5Gui.so.5 => not found     libQt5Core.so.5 => not found      I have all of these files. But I don't know how to set for pgmodeler find it. I created a file under /etc/profile.d/, called pgmodeler.sh, like the pgmodeler.vars suggest. No way! Still the problem occurs. Tried to add to PATH variable the paths of the dependecies, copy the files to the directory... Well. Nothing. :( Someone can help me? If need more information, I can bring it readily. Thank you so much.


title: New menu entry in GRUB2, "file not found" and "you need to load the kernel first" errors

text: I wanted to add new menu entry to my GRUB2 list. This is how I tried to do this and necessary info: **Erros** after choosing "Debian Wheezy" menu entry from GRUB2 list:               error:file not found     error:you need to load the kernel first      **/etc/grub.d/12_debian**               #!/bin/sh -e     cat << EOF     menuentry "Debian Wheezy" {     set root=(hd0,5)     linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64     initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64     }     EOF      **ls /boot**               config-3.2.0-3-amd64  initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64  vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64     grub                  System.map-3.2.0-3-amd64      **Partitioning**               sda1 - ntfs - Windows boot     sda2 - ntfs - Windows C:     sda3 - ntfs - Windows D:     sda4 - extended     -sda5 - ext4 - /boot     -sda6 - lvm - Debian testing     And inside sda6 there's LVM group calld G1 divided into volumes:     home, root, tmp, usr, var, swap      **Sources** that I used during my unsuccessful of setting everything up. GRUB2 Naming convention GRUB 2 bootloader - Full tutorial on Dedoimedo.com What's wrong? Sorry, I'm still a newbie. **EDIT #1** **fdisk -l**                  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System     /dev/sda1   *        2048      206847      102400    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     /dev/sda2          206848    83473739    41633446    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     /dev/sda3        83473799   935802314   426164258    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT     /dev/sda4       935802315   976771071    20484378+   f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)     /dev/sda5       935802880   936779775      488448   83  Linux     /dev/sda6       936781824   976771071    19994624   8e  Linux LVM      **EDIT #2** **Grub console**               linux /[TAB]     Possible files are:     lost+found/ bin/ share/ sbin/ lib/ include/ src/ games/ local/          set root=(hd0,msdos5)     linux/[TAB]     Possible files are:     lost+found/ config-3.2.0-3-amd64 vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64 grub/      System.map-3.2.0-3-amd64 initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64      **Grub console, boot test**               set root=(hd0,msdos5)     linux /vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64 root=/dev/G1/root     initrd /initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64     boot          #Many, many, many lines of text. After few seconds they stop. The most     #interesting i think are:          ALERT! /dev/G1/root does not exist. Dropping to a shell!     /bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off      **/etc/grub.d/12_debian another try**               #!/bin/sh -e     cat << EOF     menuentry "Debian Wheezy" {     insmod ext4     set root=(hd0,msdos5)     echo 'loading...'     linux /vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64     echo 'starting kernel...'     initrd /initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64     }     EOF      **Result:**               error:file not found     loading...     starting kernel...      **EDIT #3** **part of /boot/grub/grub.cfg**               ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###     menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.2.0-3-amd64' --class debian --    class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {         insmod gzio         insmod lvm         insmod part_msdos         insmod ext2         set root='(G1-root)'         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 94215fad-dcbe-4339-92be-f562b1b37133         echo    'Loading Linux 3.2.0-3-amd64 ...'         linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/G1-root ro  quiet         echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'         initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64     }     ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###      **/etc/grub.d/12_debian next try**               #!/bin/sh -e     cat << EOF     menuentry "Debian Wheezy" {     insmod ext4     set root=(hd0,msdos5)     echo 'loading...'     linux /vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/G1-root     echo 'starting kernel...'     initrd /initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64     }      **Result**               error:file not found     loading...     starting kernel...


title: Adding breaks between every two words in bash

text: My Query is:               QUERY="SELECT 'Your Name:', FullName, 'Your Phone:', Phone, 'Email:', Email FROM Table1 JOIN  WHERE EmpID=001;"      The output I get is               Your Name: Samanta Your Phone: 111-111-1111 Email: testemail@test.com      But I want this output when i print:                 Your Name: Samanta     Your Phone: 111-111-1111     Email: testemail@test.com      I tried this:   output=`executeSQLQuery "$QUERY" | tr -c ' ' '\n'`      It is not working.   I am new to bash and sql. Please help me.


title: How to commit a modified file if it wasn't locked by RCS beforehand (and I'm using Emacs VC mode)?

text: Sometimes, a file under the control of RCS gets modified while it is not locked (= checked out for modification by me). (In these cases, it was actually set read-only by RCS to prevent such modifications; but it might have been a configuration file under /etc/ which was modified because I was upgrading packages.) And then usually I want to nevertheless commit the new modifications, as if the last revision has been checked out before the modification. How is it best to proceed then? I usually use Emacs VC, and do `C-x v v` to check out and in. But if the file hasn't been checked out beforehand, this fails. Is there a way to proceed specifically from within Emacs? But answers with shell commands are also welcome.


title: Citrix on Wine under Centos 6.5 printing garbage characters

text: I have setup Centos 6.5 and wine is used to run Citric Apps. When printing from Citric it is printing garbage value. But printing fine from Centos. Printer is HP Laserjet pro 400 on network.


title: Why is yum not installing my softwares on RHEL 6 ?

text: I am trying to install `avr-gcc` using yum on a RHEL 6. But I get this error.               [root@xilinx etc]# yum install avr-gcc     Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin     There was an error parsing the RHN proxy settings.     RHN support will be disabled.     Setting up Install Process     No package avr-gcc available.     Error: Nothing to do      I am getting this error for even `yum update` What is the altertnative then ?


title: Mod_Auth_MySQL will not compile under Slackware 13

text: I tried to add the auth_mod_auth (3.0.0) module to my Slackware 13 (apache 2.2 & MySQL 5.0) system. I ran the usual command line for apxs (as mention in the BUILD file)               apxs -c -L/usr/lib/mysql -I/usr/include/mysql -lmysqlclient -lm -lz mod_auth_mysql.c      but I got the following error:               /usr/lib/apr-1.3.12/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=compile i486-slackware-linux-gcc -prefer-pic -O2 -march=i486 -mtune=i686  -DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -pthread -I/usr/include/httpd  -I/usr/include/apr-1   -I/usr/include/apr-1  -I/usr/include/mysql  -c -o mod_auth_mysql.lo mod_auth_mysql.c && touch mod_auth_mysql.slo     mod_auth_mysql.c:591: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:591: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:591: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[0].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:595: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:595: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:595: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[1].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:599: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:599: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:599: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[2].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:603: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:603: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:603: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[3].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:607: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:607: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:607: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[4].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:611: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:611: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:611: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[5].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:615: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:615: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:615: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[6].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:619: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:619: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:619: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[7].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:623: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:623: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:623: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[8].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:627: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:627: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:627: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[9].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:631: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:631: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:631: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[10].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:635: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:635: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:635: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[11].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:639: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:639: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:639: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[12].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:643: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:643: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:643: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[13].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:651: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:651: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:651: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[14].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:655: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:655: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:655: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[15].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:659: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:659: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:659: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[16].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:663: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:663: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:663: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[17].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:667: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:667: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:667: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[18].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c:671: error: expected expression before 'mysql_auth_config_rec'     mod_auth_mysql.c:671: error: initializer element is not constant     mod_auth_mysql.c:671: error: (near initialization for 'mysql_auth_cmds[19].cmd_data')     mod_auth_mysql.c: In function 'format_request':     mod_auth_mysql.c:947: warning: pointer/integer type mismatch in conditional expression     apxs:Error: Command failed with rc=65536      Seems like the mysql library do not match what the code expect. I looked around and it seems to be the last available version of the module although is getting old (june 2005). Has anyone made it work with a similar setup? I've been tweaking around for half a day without any success :-(


title: How to print gmail inbox messages

text: I want to print inbox messages one by one (like `cat someFile`) so that I can parse the message contents. something like `printGmail InboxMesg1 | grep some | sed some` Using `curl` I can access the first inbox message `curl -u '*myusername:mypassword*' -X "SEARCH UNSEEN" imaps://imap.gmail.com:993/INBOX` For example I can tell my self to execute a command by email `curl -u '*myusername:mypassword*' -X "SEARCH UNSEEN" imaps://imap.gmail.com:993/INBOX grep someCommand && echo request received executing command` How I can print the last (newest), 2nd last, etc messages. Also how to read emails in other folders such as spam, sent, etc