title: Read Error after installing Fedora

text: I have windows 7 x64 installed on my HDD and I wanted to install Fedora 20 KDE on my second HDD. Everything went perfect during the installation. After the installation finished it asked me for a reboot and when I restarted it, it automatically took me to windows. So I went in the BIOS and selected the second HDD (the one with Fedora installed) and booted it. All I got was this error "ReadError". Can anyone help me figure this out? i really wanted to try Fedora and I have no idea what to do.


title: Is cygwin like wine, but for linux applications?

text: Does cygwin work line wine, providing a compatibility layer inside a foreign os?


title: How to remote Linux desktop with audio support

text: I have a Debian PC (Server) and I would like to remote this machine from one client (Windows, Ubuntu,..) and be able to hear the sound from the server. I tried some tools (Radmin, RealVNC, but I can't use Teamviewer because of pricing) but I can not transfer sound from server to client. So, my question is what tool can solve this issue?


title: How can I restore file timestamps of video recordings using the embedded metadata?

text: I'm looking for a command that will read the metadata of a ‘`*.mp4`’ file and touch the file's timestamp with the creation time of the video. The command should be read-only with respect to the file contents, i.e. hashing the file before and after should yield the same result. Situation: I made the mistake of moving pictures and videos from the internal storage of my phone to an SD card using Android's stock tool to do so (‘Settings’ → ‘Storage’ → ‘Transfer data to SD card’). Unfortunately, this bumped the timestamps of all of the files, and also messed around with directories other than `DCIM/` (pictures and videos were also moved from the `Download/`, `image/`, `Pictures/`, and `video/` directories). In hindsight it seems silly that I used such a tool (I'd normally use Ghost Commander), but it appeared as a notification when running low on space and it just looked so easy. I'm now trying to piece back together the timestamps of various pictures and videos. I'm effectively looking for a video equivalent to the following command, which I used to sort out the images in `DCIM/100ANDRO/`:               exiv2 -T mv *.JPG      I skimmed through some FFmpeg documentation, but I see no mention of read-only commands or printing timestamps. (Unfortunately for my situation, this approach does not offer a solution for files I didn't create, such as those in `Download/`, for which I want to appear in the media collection in chronological order of when I obtained them.)


title: Emacs' file extension recognition

text: How do I get Emacs to recognize new file extensions? For example if I have a `.c` file and I open it in Emacs, I get the correct syntax highlighting for C, but if I have a `.bob` file format (which I know to be C), how do I tell Emacs to interpret it in the same way as a `.c` file?


title: the first five characters

text: I need to copy the first five characters from an output file, 25 lines in all, and copy that output to a file. also it might be nice to remove blank or null entries in the output.


title: What does this iptables entry mean?

text: iptables-save output:               *filter     :INPUT DROP [2929:172650]     :FORWARD DROP [0:0]     :OUTPUT ACCEPT [74596344:6265371965]      These are the opening lines of the iptables-save command. What do the numbers in the square brackets mean?


title: Passing options to subcommands in bash

text: I'm scripting a sequence of commands I used to enter by hand. The rough outline goes something like this               $ echo ${FILENAME_ARGS} | some | big | pipeline | sort -options | etc >temp     $ gs -OptionsThatNeverChange `cat temp`      Basically, the only thing that changes between runs are the options passed to sort and the files contained in FILENAME_ARGS. What I want to do is be able to type something like               $ do-thing -some -options *.pdf      and have all of the `-whatever` go to the options for sort, while all of the `*.pdf` go into FILENAME_ARGS. To do this I need a way to pick out all of the things that start with a `-` from `$@`. Is there some simple way to pull options out of the arguments passed to a shell script?


title: How to make a program/process a service ?

text: I wonder how can I make a regular application like for instance `noip2` updater a system process. I use Debian 6.0.2. For now I have it like this :   * the binary is in the `/usr/local/bin/` as `noip2` file   * the 'script' that launches is added to `/etc/rc.local` How can I make it a system service to be able to run/stop it with e.g. `service` command ?


title: Spawn a new terminal window from the terminal

text: Is there any terminal command I can execute that will pop open a new terminal window? I need something that will work in OSX' Terminal.app, but it would be nice if there were a way to do this that works on any common terminal emulator.


title: Display all network interfaces on Solaris

text: On Linux, the command `mii-tool` displays the list of Ethernet interfaces and other information. What equivalent command existson Solaris? My goal is to view all LAN networks that my Solaris machine is connected to.


title: install-recursive Error while installing libLBFGS + cygwin

text: I am building binaries for CRFSuite in cygwin based on these instructions:               In Linux environments, download the source package of libLBFGS, and build it.      If you do not want to install libLBFGS into your operating system, specify     "--prefix" option to the configure script. This example installs libLBFGS     to the directory local under the home directory ($HOME).          $ ./configure      $ make     $ make install      Here I run `./configure` and `make` without problem and also `make check` but when I run `make install`, I faced the following error:               $ make install     Making install in lib     make[1]: Entering directory '/cygdrive/c/home/liblbfgs-1.10/lib'     make[2]: Entering directory '/cygdrive/c/home/liblbfgs-1.10/lib'     test -z "/usr/local/lib" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/lib"     /bin/sh ../libtool --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c  'liblbfgs.la' '/usr/local/lib/liblbfgs.la'     /usr/bin/install -c .libs/liblbfgs.dll.a /usr/local/lib/liblbfgs.dll.a     base_file=`basename ${file}`     dlpath=`/bin/sh 2>&1 -c '. .libs/'${base_file}'i;echo $dlname'`     dldir=/usr/local/lib/`dirname $dlpath`     test -d $dldir || mkdir -p $dldir     /usr/bin/install -c .libs/cyglbfgs-1-10.dll $dldir/cyglbfgs-1-10.dll     /usr/bin/install -c .libs/liblbfgs.lai /usr/local/lib/liblbfgs.la     /usr/bin/install -c .libs/liblbfgs.a /usr/local/lib/liblbfgs.a     ranlib /usr/local/lib/liblbfgs.a     C:\Dwimperl\c\bin\ranlib.exe: '/usr/local/lib/liblbfgs.a': No such file     Makefile:239: recipe for target 'install-libLTLIBRARIES' failed     make[2]: *** [install-libLTLIBRARIES] Error 1     make[2]: Leaving directory '/cygdrive/c/home/liblbfgs-1.10/lib'     Makefile:413: recipe for target 'install-am' failed     make[1]: *** [install-am] Error 2     make[1]: Leaving directory '/cygdrive/c/home/liblbfgs-1.10/lib'     Makefile:282: recipe for target 'install-recursive' failed     make: *** [install-recursive] Error 1      any idea?


title: When to use a semi-colon between environment variables and a command

text: Can anyone explain why the semi-colon is necessary in order for the `LANG` to be seen as updated by bash? Doesn't work:               > LANG=Ja_JP bash -c "echo $LANG"     en_US      Works:               > LANG=Ja_JP ; bash -c "echo $LANG"     Ja_JP      I'm working with both bash 4.1.10 on linux and the same version under cygwin


title: GPS data logging in Linux

text: I am trying to log GPS co-ordinates and other data into a file using BU 353-S4 GPS receiver, but I am facing so many issues. For instance, In order to read the data from GPS , the data must be first converted into NMEA, which I haven't been able to do (See my separate question on that issue: GPS stopped working, gpsctl says: "gpsctl:ERROR: packet recognition timed out") Is there any other way beside using `gpsctl` to log the GPS data in Linux ? I just need to log the Longitude, Latitude and Altitude of the GPS data but having a real hard time since past couple of days.


title: Append variable string to itself

text: I have a variable into a do loop. I append its content to a file, but I want to append it to itself so I could use it to do other stuff like sending mail. I tried `variable+=$variable` but it didn't work. I want to have access to the variable outside the do...done


title: debian: what is "/var/log/apt/term.log" good for

text: My system is Debian Wheezy. I have noticed that when I run `apt-get`, additionally to `/var/log/apt/history.log` another log file gets created `/var/log/apt/term.log`. It seems to me that `term.log` contains the output that was sent to the terminal. What sense does it make to log this? Is there a way to disable it? I don't want to log useless information.


title: How to find files with 100% NUL characters in their contents?

text: What is the Linux command-line command that can identify such files? AFAIK the `find` command (or `grep`) can only _match_ a specific string inside the text file. But I want to match whole contents, i.e. I want to see which files match regular expression `\0+`, _ignoring the line end character(s)_. Maybe the `find . cat | grep` idiom could work, but I don't know how to make grep ignoring lines (and treat the file as binary). Background: Every few days, when my laptop freezes, my btrfs partition looses information: files opened for write gets their contents replaced with zeroes (the size of the file remains more-or-less intact). I use synchronization and I don't want these fake files to propagate: I need a way to identify them so I can grab them from backup.


title: Error while running bash script that moves files

text: I am new to bash script and want to create bash script that moves some days old files between source and destination as per days defined in script. When I run this script I get error find: paths must precede expression: mv Usage: find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-Olevel] [-D help|tree|search|stat|rates|opt|exec] [path...] [expression]               #!/bin/bash          echo "Enter Your Source Directory"     read soure          echo "Enter Your Destination Directory"     read destination           echo "Enter Days"     read days                            find $soure -mtime +$days  mv $soure $destination {} \;            echo "Files $days old moved from $soure to $destination"      What's missing or wrong ???? please help me to create this script.


title: How to write a file at various offsets to a filesystem partition with dd command

text: _**Requirement**_ I want to write a file at various offsets into the partition **Partition /dev/part2 is mounted at /mypart** I tried the command below:               dd if=/dev/urandom of=/mypart/aaa bs=1024 seek=0 count=15000     dd if=/dev/urandom of=/mypart/aaa bs=1024 seek=15000 count=15000     dd if=/dev/urandom of=/mypart/aaa bs=1024 seek=30000 count=15000      Are they doing what I want to do? Are they writing a file to the partition at offset 0, 15000K and 30000K? At what offset is the file written if I omit `seek` from `dd`               dd if=/dev/urandom of=/mypart/aaa bs=1024 count=15000


title: Understanding Mixing of sounds in ALSA

text: I can't seem to bend ALSA completely to my will, even after I spent a lot of time configuring it. I just do not seem to understand it well enough. Here is my `/etc/asound.conf`:               pcm.dmixed {             type asym             playback.pcm {                     # See plugin:dmix at http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm_plugins.html                     type dmix                          # Don't block other users, e.g. the Timidity midi-player daemon                     # http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm_plugins.html                     ipc_key_add_uid true                          ipc_key 5678293                     ipc_perm 0660                     ipc_gid audio                          slave {                             # 2 for stereo, 6 for surround51, 8 for surround71                             channels 6                             pcm {                                     format S32_LE                                     #format S16_LE                                          #rate 44100                                     rate 96000                                          # http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm_plugins.html                                     nonblock true                                          type hw                                     card 0                                     device 0                                     subdevice 0                             }                                  period_size 1024                                  # If too large, use CONFIG_SND_HDA_PREALLOC_SIZE=2048                             buffer_size 16384                     }             }             capture.pcm "hw:0"     }          pcm.!default{             type plug             slave.pcm "upmix20_51"     }          pcm.!surround20 {             type plug             slave.pcm "upmix20_51"     }          pcm.!surround40 {             type plug             slave.pcm "dmixed"             route_policy duplicate     }          pcm.!surround51 {             type plug             slave.pcm "dmixed"     }          pcm.upmix20_51 {             slave.pcm "dmixed"             slave.channels 6             type route                  # Front and rear             ttable.0.0 0.9             ttable.1.1 0.9             ttable.2.2 1             ttable.3.3 1                  # Center and LFE             ttable.4.4 1             ttable.5.5 1                  # Front left/right to center             ttable.0.4 0.5             ttable.1.4 0.5                  # Front left/right to rear             ttable.0.2 0.5             ttable.1.3 0.5     }      What it currently achieves is:   * Dmixing (I do not understand what this actually does, I think it ensures that the device will play sound no matter how many sources are outputting to alsa) with `dmixed`   * Forces sample rate to 96Khz   * Forces format to S32_LE (I think this works, although my media player doesn't say it works, I think it works because if I put S24_LE the sound will break.)   * Upmix 2.0 sounds to 5.1 with "upmix20_51" which is set as a slave to the "!default" pcm which I think is the normal output for 2.0 files.   * Upmix 4.0 to 5.1 via channel duplication (route_policy duplicate)   * Plays 5.1 sound normally granted it uses the "!surround51" pcm as it should. What I would like to know is:   * What exactly is dmixing for?   * Is the `pcm.!surround20` redundant? (Should I just remove it?)   * Can I check somehow if sample rate conversion is currently done with hardware or software?   * Will forcing the Frequency to 96khz and format to 32-bit have any benefits for quality?   * Will 5.1 sources ever use the "!default" pcm? And if it can happen, will the upmixing that is tied to it be problematic for that 5.1 source? Is there a better way to upmix 2.0 sources only?   * How do I upmix Mono sound to Stereo sound and then upmix that Stereo sound to 5.1 sound   * How do I downmix 7.1 sources (i.e. divide the side speakers between the front and rear speakers) to 5.1 in case I get one of those rare sources   * Is there any better/higher quality method to do upmixing than what I am currently doing with alsa? Any method that allows for greater control over how the sound is mixed?


title: Enable root login from GUI

text: I just installed Mint 16 and I see that root user is not available at login screen. I log in from normal user and went to "Login Window" option and there I set "Allow root login". Then I restarted the PC and still I don't see root user in login window. I also did the below but it also didn't work.               sudo passwd root     sudo sh -c 'echo "greeter-show-manual-login=true" >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf'


title: Non-standard logins

text: As part of a sort of esoteric "hack" I'm putting together, I've modified my `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/shadow` files to result in a user called `ニエット` ("Niet") with a shell pointing to a custom script I have written. This all works great, and I can do:               ssh ニエット@localhost      Enter the password, log in, and I get the output of my custom script (currently just "Hello, World!", wait five seconds, then disconnect). It works beautifully! There's only one problem. I can't seem to SSH in directly from tools like PuTTY. In fact, the only way I've been able to connect is by SSHing in to my normal user, then doing the `ssh` to `localhost` as above. I have tried putting `ニエット@example.com` in the "hostname" field and similarly in the "autologin username" option, but both result in trying to log in as `????` which obviously fails. This is in spite of ensuring the character encoding is set to UTF-8. Similarly, I've tried not using auto-login, but... well...               login as: ▒▒▒▒     ▒▒▒▒@example.com's password:     Access denied      Not _quite_ what I'm after. **I am well aware that what I have done with this username is a complete hack and I should probably be hit with a brick for it.** But it _does_ work, I just seem to be having a problem with my computer's PuTTY communicating with the server, since the server is perfectly able to communicate with itself. Am I missing an option or something to make this work?


title: Problem compiling postfix 2.9 on Archlinux

text: I decided to do a mail server on Linux (postfix, Dovecot, etc.). Therefore, I decided to begin with compiling postfix 2.9 on Archlinux. I need support for SSL, SASL and PCRE so I'm compiling like this:               make -f Makefile.init makefiles CCARGS='-DUSE_TLS -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_dovecot_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DHAS_PCRE -I/usr/local/include -DHAS_SSL -I/usr/include/openssl -DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include' AUXLIBS='-lldap -llber -lpcre -lssl -lsasl2 -L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient -lz -lm'      Problem: compilation exits prematurely with the following error (end of log):               gcc -Wmissing-prototypes -Wformat -DUSE_TLS -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_dovecot_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DHAS_PCRE -I/usr/local/include -DHAS_SSL -I/usr/include/openssl -DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include -g -O -I. -I../../include -DLINUX3 -c smtpd_resolve.c     gcc -Wmissing-prototypes -Wformat -DUSE_TLS -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_dovecot_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DHAS_PCRE -I/usr/local/include -DHAS_SSL -I/usr/include/openssl -DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include -g -O -I. -I../../include -DLINUX3 -c smtpd_expand.c     gcc -Wmissing-prototypes -Wformat -DUSE_TLS -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_dovecot_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DHAS_PCRE -I/usr/local/include -DHAS_SSL -I/usr/include/openssl -DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include -g -O -I. -I../../include -DLINUX3 -o smtpd smtpd.o smtpd_token.o smtpd_check.o smtpd_chat.o smtpd_state.o smtpd_peer.o smtpd_sasl_proto.o smtpd_sasl_glue.o smtpd_proxy.o smtpd_xforward.o smtpd_dsn_fix.o smtpd_milter.o smtpd_resolve.o smtpd_expand.o ../../lib/libmaster.a ../../lib/libtls.a ../../lib/libdns.a ../../lib/libxsasl.a ../../lib/libmilter.a ../../lib/libglobal.a ../../lib/libutil.a -lldap -llber -lpcre -lssl -lsasl2 -L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -ldb -lnsl -lresolv       /usr/bin/ld: ../../lib/libtls.a(tls_verify.o): undefined reference to symbol 'X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert'       /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line     collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status       Makefile:41: recipe for target 'smtpd' failed       make: *** [smtpd] Error 1       Makefile:46: recipe for target 'update' failed       make: *** [update] Error 1      I have tried many things, in particular reinstalling the libraries (OpenSSL, PCRE, etc). All required libs are accounted for. What might be the problem?


title: `/proc/$PID/cwd` : is there a POSIX equivalent?

text: Linux has a `/proc` directory and file‑system, which as far as I can tell, is not part of POSIX. In each `/proc/$PID` subdirectories, is a symbolic link, `cwd`, pointing to the actual working directory of the process of this PID (the `cwd` link is always up to date). This symbolic link is convenient for some use case, like working with distinct shells and exchanging files between the two shells (formally, their working directories). Is there a simple way to get something similar, only using POSIX feature? ### More on the question After a comment, more precision: it does not have to necessarily be a link and an environment variable lile `$<PID>_CWD`, would be as much fine too, although at first sigh, I don't believe such a solution exist. It just has to be easy to refer to (ex. symbolic link or environment variable) and be always up to date each time the other process switch it's working directory. The solution does not need to necessarily be POSIX, and the most important aspect is portability, but POSIX is surely a guarantee.


title: Print certain fields of each line until a marker is encountered, then print whole lines till the end of file

text: Hi have the following file                more  file.txt           1 2 3 4 4 2      23 4 5 23 2 3      END_OF_LINE      1 3 7 4 2       23 4 6 7 4 2 1 5       How to print only the fields 4 and 5 and 6 from each line until the line `END_OF_LINE` is encountered, then, starting from that point until the end of file, print the whole line? I have only a partial solution                awk '{print $4" "$5" "$6}'        Example: the desired output for the given input is:                awk syntax ..... file.txt       4 4 2      23 2 3      END_OF_LINE      1 3 7 4 2       23 4 6 7 4 2 1 5


title: Securely viewing an encrypted file

text: I have a file that is gpg encrypted. I would like to view the content of the file, but leave no trace of the output. Lets say for example that the encrypted file has some passwords, and I don't want them floating around in memory or wherever. I know the command               gpg -d file_name      will dump the output of the file to STDOUT, but is there a way to make sure that there are no traces of the contents to be found?


title: How do I make dnsmasq obey the order of servers in resolv.conf

text: here's the generated resolv.conf               # Generated by resolvconf     nameserver 127.0.0.1     nameserver 208.67.222.222     nameserver 208.67.220.220     nameserver 192.168.1.1      what's going on in the log appears to be, the `resolv.conf` before the network is loaded, and then after.               Dec 25 23:17:50 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: ignoring nameserver 127.0.0.1 - local interface     Dec 26 11:18:09 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: reading /etc/resolv.conf     Dec 26 11:18:09 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: using nameserver 208.67.220.220#53     Dec 26 11:18:09 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: using nameserver 208.67.222.222#53     Dec 26 11:18:09 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: ignoring nameserver 127.0.0.1 - local interface     Dec 26 11:18:23 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: reading /etc/resolv.conf     Dec 26 11:18:23 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: using nameserver 192.168.1.1#53     Dec 26 11:18:23 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: using nameserver 208.67.220.220#53     Dec 26 11:18:23 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: using nameserver 208.67.222.222#53     Dec 26 11:18:23 slave-vi dnsmasq[1051]: ignoring nameserver 127.0.0.1 - local interface      my problem is that the routers dns is becoming the primary dns for the system, which is not what I've specified. This is proven by the fact that opendns will return IP's for even BS domains, but I'm not getting that anymore, which means the protection it generally provides is also gone.


title: Can ramdisk improve performance when stats show low wait and system cpu use?

text: I have jobs that do I/O of rates peaking around 200mb/s. On high load (over twice cpu cores) I tried to copy large file and got only few mb/s. Gathered `dstat` show single digits in `wai` and `sys` category and `usr` above 80. Can I expect performance boost by moving I/O to /dev/shm given such experienced ad-hoc low throughput? If so, is large swap good option to prevent out of memory situation? Temporary files are twice amount of usable RAM.


title: Diff the output of the last two commands

text: I frequently find myself doing something like the following:               $ big long command 1     $ big long command 2     $ diff -u <(big long command 1) <(big long command 2)      How can I get the shell (`bash` in my case) to construct that third command for me, without the need to cut and paste those big long commands into the `<()`s? (It's obviously fine if the `big long command`s are re-executed; they are assumed to be safe to re-run.)


title: Unknown source sends "AT+GC" into /dev/rfcomm0 opened by BlueZ

text: I'm testing a bluetooth application running on an Android device. I registered a dummy service on the device and opened the RFCOMM channels to it from the PC running Ubuntu 12.04:               bluez-test-serial 7C:E9:D3:DE:03:0A 43502780-ef1e-11e2-b778-0800200c9a66      It spawns `/dev/rfcomm0` alright, but immediately after I'm catching channel input on the device side. It reads `AT+GC`. Surprisingly, it seems to happen only the first time after I login. I grepped through the BlueZ sources to no avail. Does anybody know what could be the source of this unsolicited AT command being fed into the channel?


title: Ffmpeg-php will not compile

text: FFMPEG:               ffmpeg version N-54768-g8d9c1b3-syslint Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers       built on Jul 16 2013 14:40:49 with gcc 4.4.7 (GCC) 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)       configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/cpffmpeg --enable-shared --enable-nonfree --enable-gpl --enable-pthreads --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-decoder=liba52 --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --extra-cflags=-I/usr/local/cpffmpeg/include/ --extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/cpffmpeg/lib --enable-version3 --extra-version=syslint       libavutil      52. 39.100 / 52. 39.100       libavcodec     55. 18.102 / 55. 18.102       libavformat    55. 12.102 / 55. 12.102       libavdevice    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100       libavfilter     3. 81.101 /  3. 81.101       libswscale      2.  3.100 /  2.  3.100       libswresample   0. 17.102 /  0. 17.102       libpostproc    52.  3.100 / 52.  3.100     Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder     usage: ffmpeg [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...          Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man ffmpeg'      and PHP:               ffmpeg-php-0.6.0]# ./configure && make     checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep     checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E     checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed     checking for cc... cc     checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out     checking whether the C compiler works... yes     checking whether we are cross compiling... no     checking for suffix of executables...     checking for suffix of object files... o     checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes     checking whether cc accepts -g... yes     checking for cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed     checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E     checking for icc... no     checking for suncc... no     checking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yes     checking for system library directory... lib     checking if compiler supports -R... no     checking if compiler supports -Wl,-rpath,... yes     checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu     checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu     checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu     checking for PHP prefix... /usr/local     checking for PHP includes... -I/usr/local/include/php -I/usr/local/include/php/main -I/usr/local/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/include/php/ext/date/lib     checking for PHP extension directory... /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626     checking for PHP installed headers prefix... /usr/local/include/php     checking if debug is enabled... no     checking if zts is enabled... no     checking for re2c... re2c     checking for re2c version... 0.13.5 (ok)     checking for gawk... gawk     checking for ffmpeg support... yes, shared     checking whether to force gd support in ffmpeg-php... no     checking for ffmpeg headers... ...found in /usr/local/include/ffmpeg     checking for ffmpeg libavcodec.so...     configure: error: ffmpeg shared libraries not found. Make sure ffmpeg is compiled as shared libraries using the --enable-shared option      I had everything installed with http://ffmpeginstaller.com/ and I don't know if that was my problem or not. I did try this:                 598  mkdir /usr/local/include/ffmpeg       599  cp -p /usr/src/ffmpegscript/ffmpeg/libavformat/avio.h       600  cp -p /usr/src/ffmpegscript/ffmpeg/libavformat/avio.h /usr/local/include/ffmpeg       601  cp -p /usr/src/ffmpegscript/ffmpeg/libavformat/avformat.h /usr/local/include/ffmpeg       602  cp -p /usr/src/ffmpegscript/ffmpeg/libavcodec/avcodec.h /usr/local/include/ffmpeg


title: How to cross compile linux kernel for ARM using GNU ARM toolchain?

text: I'm trying to cross compile latest Linux kernel 3.14 for ARM architecture. When I executed -                make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-      The terminal gave me an error that:               make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.      I have Ubuntu 12.04 as host system. Currently, I'm following the procedure given in 'Linux kernel in a Nutshell'; still it's giving the error. Please, guide me to the right steps to cross compile it.


title: Cheapest way to find the oldest file (recursively) from a directory under heavy load

text: What is the least expensive way to find the oldest file in a directory, including all directories underneath. Assume directory is backed by SAN and under heavy load. There is concern that "ls" could be locking and cause system degradation under heavy load. Edit: Find performs very well under a simple test case - find oldest file amongst 400 gigs of files on an SSD drive took 1/20 seconds. But this is a MacBook Pro Laptop under no load... So it's a bit of an apples to oranges test case. And as an aside what is the best way to find out implementations (underlying algorithms) for such commands?


title: Loginuid, should be allowed to change or not (mutable or not)?

text: I am trying to configure the linux kernel. I was confused by `Make audit loginuid immutable (AUDIT_LOGINUID_IMMUTABLE) [N/y/?]`. The help says: > +config AUDIT_LOGINUID_IMMUTABLE   >  \+ bool "Make audit loginuid immutable"   >  \+ depends on AUDIT   >  \+ help   >  \+ The config option toggles if a task setting it's loginuid requires   >  \+ CAP_SYS_AUDITCONTROL or if that task should require no special > permissions   >  \+ but should instead only allow setting its loginuid if it was never   >  \+ previously set. On systems which use systemd or a similar central   >  \+ process to restart login services this should be set to true. On older   >  \+ systems in which an admin would typically have to directly stop and   >  \+ start processes this should be set to false. Setting this to true allows   >  \+ one to drop potentially dangerous capabilites from the login tasks,   >  \+ but may not be backwards compatible with older init systems.   > Is `loginuid` the same as `euid` which can be changed so that, that particular process gains more privilege and permissions? If not, then can you explain it in simpler terms? Is it like, starting the process with more privileges like `sudo [process]` or giving a process more permissions during execution or only people who can execute `su` (system admins or root) can make use of this setting?


title: What does high, low, negative and constant values from pidstat command mean?

text: I needed information on the following: Can you please tell me the inference for the following in terms of high, low, negative and constant values from pidstat command in Linux. kB_rd/s, kB_wr/s, kB_ccwr/s, VSZ, RSS, cswch/s, nvcswch/s and Memory. Any directions towards relevant source of information will also be helpful.


title: Make yakuake outputting correct characters

text: I have some files that using japanese, korean and chinese characters in their filename, this is the example filename               栗山千明 - おいしい季節決定的三分間.rar      but when i tried to `ls -w1 *.rar` in the `yakuake` console, it shows as:               æ å±±åæ - ããããå£ç¯æ±ºå®çä¸åé.rar      my `locale` output:               LANG=en_CA.UTF-8     LC_CTYPE="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_NUMERIC="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_TIME="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_COLLATE="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_MONETARY="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_MESSAGES="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_PAPER="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_NAME="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_ADDRESS="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_TELEPHONE="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_MEASUREMENT="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_CA.UTF-8"     LC_ALL=      I'm using `Ubuntu Mono` font for the console.. Is there a way to fix this?


title: Connecting to network with terminal

text: I have a router at home with ESSID of **dlink_home** and **10** digits (0123456789) 64-bit **WEP** encryption of _Open Authentication Type_. I want to connect to it through terminal with bash commands, I tried               ifconfig wlan0 up     iwconfig wlan0 essid dlink_home key s:0123456789     dhclient wlan0      When using s: prefix it gives the following error: > Error for wireless request "Set Encode" (8B2A) : SET failed on device wlan0 > ; Invalid argument. and without it, it doesn't work, as s: prefix is for specifying string key rather than HEX key. The OS I am running is _Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6_.


title: After installing oh-my-zsh: ... /.zshrc:source:34: no such file or directory ... /.oh-my-zsh/oh-my-zsh.sh

text: I just tried to install oh-my-zsh. I get the following error when I try to run `rvm`:               zsh: command not found: rvm      I also get the following error when I try to open a new tab:               /Users/jack/.zshrc:source:34: no such file or directory: /Users/jack/.oh-my-zsh/oh-my-zsh.sh     /Users/jack/.zshrc:source:38: no such file or directory: .bashrc      Here's my `.zshrc` file:               # Path to your oh-my-zsh configuration.     ZSH=$HOME/.oh-my-zsh          # Set name of the theme to load.     # Look in ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/     # Optionally, if you set this to "random", it'll load a random theme each     # time that oh-my-zsh is loaded.     ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"          # Example aliases     # alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"     # alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"          # Set to this to use case-sensitive completion     # CASE_SENSITIVE="true"          # Comment this out to disable weekly auto-update checks     # DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true"          # Uncomment following line if you want to disable colors in ls     # DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"          # Uncomment following line if you want to disable autosetting terminal title.     # DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"          # Uncomment following line if you want red dots to be displayed while waiting for completion     # COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"          # Which plugins would you like to load? (plugins can be found in ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/*)     # Custom plugins may be added to ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/     # Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)     plugins=(git bundler brew gem rvm cscairns)          source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh          # Customize to your needs...          source .bashrc     export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH      What do I need to do to fix these errors?


title: Routing tables and default routes

text: I have two rules in my routing tables. The default route, which is to the gateway, and a second route which forwards everything in the network segment to * or to no gateway. Is this second rule necessary so that local packets do not by default go to the router first, or is the nic smart enough to check its own settings and see that if a packet is sending is in it's network segment, not to send it to the gateway?


title: i3 and XFCE: how to get rid of the Desktop container, float windows and shutdown the machine?

text: I'm using the i3 Window Manager, and am quite happy so far, but I have a few issues.   1. Using XFCE, my "Desktop" is seen as a separate container (window). That means that when I open a new program in the first workspace, that it will split the screen in two and show Desktop as one window, and the other program in another window. I can minimize the size of the desktop, or use the 'tabbed' option to minimize impact, but this is all not convenient. I want i3 not to treat the Desktop as a Window, at all. If that means 'losing' my Desktop, no problem. I tried 'closing' this window, but my whole session is closed and I return to the initial login screen.    2. There are notification windows from Thunderbird that should float but they appear as new windows instead. I tried adding `for_window [class="xfce4-notifyd"] floating enable` to my config file, but this does not work.    3. How can I shutdown with a keybinding? I tried `bindsym $mod+x exec shutdown` and `bindsym $mod+x exec /home/user/shutdown.sh` (which has `sudo shutdown -Ph now`), but none of them work.  I am using Arch Linux.


title: Max file size for create_compressed_fs tool

text: Somebody knows what the maximum size of file could be processed by `create_compressed_fs` tool or used by `/dev/cloop` device? I suspect that it could be the root of the issue. I created "ISO" (UDF) image with: `genisoimage --allow-limited-size` command and then passed it through the `create_compressed_fs`. But mounting on `/dev/cloop` is failed with reason: `cloop: final offset wrong (73........ not 61........)`


title: What are some common tools for intrusion detection?

text: Please give a brief description for each tool.


title: Simple telephone system to record kids' "calls"

text: My four year old daughter loves playing with an old POTS phone. She has these amazing conversations on it and I thought it would be nice to record them, and perhaps even let her pretend to make calls. So, I have an old G4 Mac Mini with Debian on it. It has a 56k modem built-in. Can I use it to generate a dial tone and push enough voltage for the POTS phone to work? Can I make it record her conversation after she "dials" a number? This page gives the details on my Mini, although the modem is listed as "56.6k v.92 (internal)": http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_g4_1.25.html


title: Is there an XML file editor for Linux with grid view support?

text: I have been using Altova XML Editor on Windows for a long time. It has a wonderful feature that lets you view XML files in "grid view." This makes life easy when reading very complex XML. My question is, is there an XML editor available on Linux with a similar feature? **EDIT** : I am looking for some free alternative. Following is an example of grid view: ![alt text](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Jji1L.gif)


title: Downsides of umask 077?

text: What are the cons, for having a restrictive umask of 077? A lot of distros (I believe all, except Red Hat? ) have a default umask of 022, configured in /etc/profile. This seems way too insecure for a non-desktop system, which multiple users are accessing, and security is of concern. On a related note, on Ubuntu, the users' home directories are also created with 755 permissions, and the installer states that this is for making it easier for users to share files. Assuming that users' are comfortable setting permissions by hand to make files shared, this is not a problem. What other downsides are there?


title: What are PCI quirks?

text: I hear a lot about PCI quirks when reading about the Linux kernel, but no website explains or defines PCI quirks. What are PCI quirks?


title: rsync exclude directory not working

text: I am running Fedora 17 64-bit and the `rsync --exclude=/home/ben/<dir>` is not working as expected. I am trying to `rsync` my home directory to a thumb drive, but I want to exclude certainly directories that hold cache files and build files. This is the command I'm using:               rsync --exclude=/home/ben/build/ --exclude=/home/ben/.ccache -arv /home/ben home-ben/      However, content from the `~/build` and `~/.ccache` is being copied by `rsync`. What am I doing wrong?


title: Not possible to recover or delete file in a ext4 filesystem

text: How can I fix a message like this (read after a `dmesg` command)?               EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_free_inode: bit already cleared for inode 119198     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_free_inode: bit already cleared for inode 119217     EXT4-fs warning (device hdb1): ext4_unlink: Deleting nonexistent file (119196), 0     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_free_inode: bit already cleared for inode 119201     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197     EXT4-fs error (device hdb1): ext4_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 119197      It seems impossible to retrieve (or delete) a bunch of files. Any suggestions?


title: What is the purpose of the command "yum list extras"?

text: According to the man pages, `yum list extras` performs the following action: $ yum list extras [glob_exp1] [...] List the packages installed on the system that are not available in any yum repository listed in the config file. According to another web page, `yum list extras` performs the following: > Show all packages not available via subscribed channels or repositories i.e > show packages installed via other repos: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/ When I run `yum list extras` all the packages come from either base, or updates. Those seem like pretty standard repo locations to me.               [root@mongo-test3 ~]# yum list extras |tail     smartmontools.x86_64                    1:5.42-2.el6                @base/6.3        sos.noarch                              2.2-29.el6                  @base/6.3        strace.x86_64                           4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2         @updates/6.3     systemtap-runtime.x86_64                1.7-5.el6_3.1               @updates/6.3     tar.x86_64                              2:1.23-7.el6                @base/6.3        tcsh.x86_64                             6.17-19.el6_2               @base/6.3        udev.x86_64                             147-2.42.el6                @updates/6.3     util-linux-ng.x86_64                    2.17.2-12.7.el6_3           @updates/6.3     virt-what.x86_64                        1.11-1.1.el6                @base/6.3        yum.noarch                              3.2.29-30.el6.centos        @base/6.3       I've even tried the following. It still is not clear to me what qualifies as `extras`               [root@mongo-test3 ~]# yum list > /tmp/yum_list.txt     [root@mongo-test3 ~]# yum list extras > /tmp/yum_list_extras.txt      `$ vimdiff /tmp/yum_list.txt /tmp/yum_list_extras.txt` ![ss of vimdiff](http://i.stack.imgur.com/gLqwT.png) Update #1: **Version**   CentOS 6.4               [root@mongo-test3 tmp]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/     10gen.repo  centos-base.repo  epel.repo  epel-testing.repo  puppetlabs.repo     [root@mongo-test3 tmp]# uname -a          Linux mongo-test3 2.6.32-279.22.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Feb 6 03:10:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


title: incrontab reports modifying a file that doesn't exists

text: I have created this incrontab entry:               /tmp IN_ALL_EVENTS /home/me/changes.sh $@/$# $%      and this script (changes.sh):               #!/bin/bash      echo "file $1  changed(flgs: $2)" >> /home/me/changes.log      When I use `tail -f /home/me/changes.log` it repeatedly prints this lines:               file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteNZQPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteNZQPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteNZQPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteNZQPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteNZQPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteNZQPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteNZQPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)     file /tmp/vteH1QPVW  changed(flgs: IN_MODIFY)      What these files could be? I can't find them in the `/tmp` directory. I also don't see any `IN_DELETE` flag for these files in the log file.


title: encfs encryted encfs6.xml itself

text: I am new to EncFS, I did the following:   1. I encrypted a folder using `encfs ~/.folder ~/folder`   2. Afterwards, I changed the password with `encfsctl passwd ~/.folder` Now, I cannot access my files anymore, because the `.encfs6.xml` file got encrypted itself. Can I do anything about this? It is very urgent for me to access the files. I still have the files, know the password and also saved the encrypted `.encfs6.xml` file. Any chance I can recover the files/decrypt the `.encfs6.xml` file?


title: Why does adding a non-VLANed interface to a bridge break the VLANed interfaces?

text: I'm working with VLANs on briges and have found that if I add a non-VLAN interface to any bridge, it breaks all the VLAN interfaces - packets leave just fine, but the return packets (which are appropriately VLAN tagged) are getting dropped somewhere. The minute I drop the non-VLAN interface from the bridge, the VLAN interfaces start working again. What is the reason for this? Is it a bug? To clear up any possible questions:               #setup bridges and vlans     vconfig add eth0 2     vconfig add eth0 3     brctl addbr br2     brctl addbr br3     brctl addif br2 eth2.2     brctl addif br3 eth2.3     ip link set dev br2 up     ip link set dev br3 up          #wait for forwarding state and test     arping -I br2 10.10.10.1     #this works - I get replies     arping -I br3 192.168.1.1     #this works - I get replies          brctl addbr br0     brctl addif eth0          arping -I br2 10.10.10.1     #broken - no replies. Wireshark shows reply packets coming in exactly as before.     arping -I br3 192.168.1.1     #also broken          ip link set br0 up     #wait for forwarding mode, then...     arping -I br3 192.168.1.1     #still broken          brctl delif br0 eth0     arping -I br3 192.168.1.1     #working again!


title: How to temporarily disable the Escape key in a Terminal?

text: I am parsing keyboard input via `read -n 1` and I haven't found a way to distinguish between an actual key-press of the `Escape` key and the first Escape character (byte) of a control sequence generated by some other key- press, eg. `LEFT`, `RIGHT`... I don't need the `Escape` key during the `read`, so disabling it should solve the problem. Is there some way to disable or re-assign just the `Escape` key in a localized manner? ...for just the current terminal, and for just the current script.


title: read line by line and take a string in line and assign that string to the subsequent line using perl

text: Data file is fixed length file, and I want to read file line by line and take a string from the current line, and then append that string to the subsequent line and write into another file. For example1, given the file:               AAABBBB11115678xxxx     BBBCCCC22221234YYYY     MTD0001abcdARN12345 abcdedfg     AA 0002bcde     BB 0003defg     CCCDDDD33331234zzzz     MTD0003qwerTRN56789 defghigk     AA 9876bvcn     BB 8765zxcv     XXXBBBB11115678aaaa     YYYCCCC22221234bbbb      The output should be:               AAABBBB11115678xxxx     BBBCCCC22221234YYYY     MTD0001abcdARN12345 abcdedfg     AA 0002bcdeARN12345     BB 0003defgARN12345     CCCDDDD33331234zzzz     MTD0003qwerARN56789 defghigk     AA 9876bvcnARN56789     BB 8765zxcvARN56789     XXXBBBB11115678aaaa     YYYCCCC22221234bbbb      Can you help me implement this with Perl? For example2, given the file:               AAABBBB11115678xxxxbedfgd     BBBCCCC22221234YYYYabcd     MTD0001abcdARN12345 abcdedfg 12345abcd     AA 0002bcde     BB 0003defg     CCCDDDD33331234zzzzqwerty     MTD0003qwerTRN56789 defghigk 45677defg     AA 9876bvcn     BB 8765zxcv     XXXBBBB11115678aaaazeftfy     YYYCCCC22221234bbbbefgydy      The output should be:               AAABBBB11115678xxxxbedfgd     BBBCCCC22221234YYYYabcd     MTD0001abcdARN12345 abcdedfg 12345abcd     AA 0002bcdeARN12345     BB 0003defgARN12345     CCCDDDD33331234zzzzqwerty     MTD0003qwerARN56789 defghigk 45677defg     AA 9876bvcnARN56789     BB 8765zxcvARN56789     XXXBBBB11115678aaaazeftfy     YYYCCCC22221234bbbbefgydy      Can you help me implement the above example 2 this with Perl?


title: SSH tunnel to VNC on a Windows 7 system. Error: Tunnel device open failed

text: The system I'm trying to SSH from is Fedora 20 x86_64. The system tunneling to is Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit and it has Cygwin installed with TigerVNC and OpenSSH.   * VNC is running on Windows 7 on port 2= Host:2   * XWinServer is running on Windows 7 in cygwin. This works `vncviewer Hostname:2`. When I run this command:               $ ssh -L 5902:localhost:5902 User@HostName -p port      I get this error but get connected through SSH to the Windows system:               Tunnel device failed.     Could not request tunnel forwarding      Here is the debug:               $ ssh -vvv -L 5902:localhost:5980 UserName@HostName -p Port     OpenSSH_6.4, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013     debug1: Reading configuration data /home/UserName/.ssh/config     debug1: /home/UserName/.ssh/config line 20: Applying options for *     debug1: /home/UserName/.ssh/config line 54: Applying options for *     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config     debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for *     debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 54: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Connecting to HostName [HostName] port Port.     debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug1: fd 3 clearing O_NONBLOCK     debug1: Connection established.     debug3: timeout: 499999 ms remain after connect     debug1: identity file /home/UserName/.ssh/id_rsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/UserName/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /home/UserName/.ssh/id_dsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/UserName/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /home/UserName/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/UserName/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1     debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0     debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.4     debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.6     debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.6 pat OpenSSH*     debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug3: put_host_port: [HostName]:Port     debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[HostName]:Port" from file "/home/UserName/.ssh/known_hosts"     debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/UserName/.ssh/known_hosts:5     debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys     debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com     debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com none     debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com     debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com none     debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY     debug1: Server host key: ECDSA b5:05:1a:33:1b:44:21:ae:00:37:0f:2b:24:ae:41:26     debug3: put_host_port: [HostName]:Port     debug3: put_host_port: [HostName]:Port     debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[HostName]:Port" from file "/home/UserName/.ssh/known_hosts"     debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/UserName/.ssh/known_hosts:5     debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys     debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[192.168.1.69]:34500" from file "/home/UserName/.ssh/known_hosts"     debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/UserName/.ssh/known_hosts:5     debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys     debug1: Host '[HostName]:34500' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.     debug1: Found key in /home/UserName/.ssh/known_hosts:5     debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct     debug2: kex_derive_keys     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received     debug1: Roaming not allowed by server     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent     debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received     debug2: key: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil)),     debug2: key: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)),     debug2: key: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)),     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive     debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password,keyboard-interactive     debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey     debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey     debug1: Next authentication method: publickey     debug1: Trying private key: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_rsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_rsa: No such file or directory     debug1: Trying private key: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_dsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory     debug1: Trying private key: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_ecdsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/UserName/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive     debug3: remaining preferred: password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled keyboard-interactive     debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive     debug2: userauth_kbdint     debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive     debug3: userauth_kbdint: disable: no info_req_seen     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup password     debug3: remaining preferred:      debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password     debug1: Next authentication method: password     UserName@HostName's password:      debug3: packet_send2: adding 48 (len 68 padlen 12 extra_pad 64)     debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply     debug1: Authentication succeeded (password).     Authenticated to HostName ([192.168.1.69]:34500).     debug1: Local connections to LOCALHOST:5902 forwarded to remote address localhost:5980     debug3: channel_setup_fwd_listener: type 2 wildcard 0 addr NULL     debug3: sock_set_v6only: set socket 4 IPV6_V6ONLY     debug1: Local forwarding listening on ::1 port 5902.     debug2: fd 4 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug3: fd 4 is O_NONBLOCK     debug1: channel 0: new [port listener]     debug1: Local forwarding listening on 127.0.0.1 port 5902.     debug2: fd 5 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug3: fd 5 is O_NONBLOCK     debug1: channel 1: new [port listener]     debug1: Requesting tun unit 2147483647 in mode 1     debug1: sys_tun_open: failed to configure tunnel (mode 1): Operation not permitted     Tunnel device open failed.     Could not request tunnel forwarding.     debug1: channel 2: new [client-session]     debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 2     debug2: channel 2: send open     debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com     debug1: Entering interactive session.     debug2: callback start     debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY     debug3: packet_set_tos: set IP_TOS 0x10     debug2: client_session2_setup: id 2     debug2: channel 2: request pty-req confirm 1     debug1: Sending environment.     debug3: Ignored env XDG_VTNR     debug3: Ignored env DREAL_TECHNO_NAME     debug3: Ignored env MANPATH     debug3: Ignored env VH_PATSFX     debug3: Ignored env SSH_AGENT_PID     debug3: Ignored env KDE_MULTIHEAD     debug3: Ignored env TPD_GLOBAL     debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_ID     debug3: Ignored env DM_CONTROL     debug3: Ignored env HOSTNAME     debug3: Ignored env IMSETTINGS_INTEGRATE_DESKTOP     debug3: Ignored env GPG_AGENT_INFO     debug3: Ignored env MBK_IN_PH     debug3: Ignored env TERM     debug3: Ignored env SHELL     debug3: Ignored env XDG_MENU_PREFIX     debug3: Ignored env XSCH_PARAM_NAME     debug3: Ignored env HISTSIZE     debug3: Ignored env XDM_MANAGED     debug3: Ignored env GTK2_RC_FILES     debug3: Ignored env KONSOLE_DBUS_SERVICE     debug3: Ignored env KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME     debug3: Ignored env VH_MAXERR     debug3: Ignored env GTK_RC_FILES     debug3: Ignored env GS_LIB     debug3: Ignored env WINDOWID     debug3: Ignored env QTDIR     debug3: Ignored env RDS_OUT     debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL     debug3: Ignored env QTINC     debug3: Ignored env SHELL_SESSION_ID     debug3: Ignored env XFSM_PARAM_NAME     debug3: Ignored env ALLIANCE_TOP     debug3: Ignored env GRAAL_TECHNO_NAME     debug3: Ignored env KDE_FULL_SESSION     debug3: Ignored env TPD_LOCAL     debug3: Ignored env IMSETTINGS_MODULE     debug3: Ignored env QT_GRAPHICSSYSTEM_CHECKED     debug3: Ignored env USER     debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS     debug3: Ignored env LD_LIBRARY_PATH     debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK     debug3: Ignored env SESSION_MANAGER     debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_SESSION     debug3: Ignored env PATH     debug3: Ignored env MAIL     debug3: Ignored env MBK_SCALE_X     debug3: Ignored env QT_IM_MODULE     debug3: Ignored env MBK_CATAL_NAME     debug3: Ignored env PWD     debug1: Sending env XMODIFIERS = @im=none     debug2: channel 2: request env confirm 0     debug3: Ignored env KONSOLE_DBUS_WINDOW     debug3: Ignored env MBK_OUT_PH     debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8     debug2: channel 2: request env confirm 0     debug3: Ignored env KDE_IS_PRELINKED     debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_PID     debug3: Ignored env KDE_SESSION_UID     debug3: Ignored env GENVIEW_TECHNO_NAME     debug3: Ignored env RDS_IN     debug3: Ignored env MBK_SPI_MODEL     debug3: Ignored env KDEDIRS     debug3: Ignored env MBK_OUT_LO     debug3: Ignored env KONSOLE_DBUS_SESSION     debug3: Ignored env MBK_VSS     debug3: Ignored env HISTCONTROL     debug3: Ignored env VH_BEHSFX     debug3: Ignored env SSH_ASKPASS     debug3: Ignored env GPG_TTY     debug3: Ignored env COLORFGBG     debug3: Ignored env SHLVL     debug3: Ignored env XDG_SEAT     debug3: Ignored env HOME     debug3: Ignored env KDE_SESSION_VERSION     debug1: Sending env LANGUAGE =      debug2: channel 2: request env confirm 0     debug3: Ignored env MBK_C4_LIB     debug3: Ignored env MBK_VDD     debug3: Ignored env MBK_TARGET_LIB     debug3: Ignored env XCURSOR_THEME     debug3: Ignored env RDS_TECHNO_NAME     debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME     debug3: Ignored env VH_DLYSFX     debug3: Ignored env QTLIB     debug3: Ignored env CVS_RSH     debug3: Ignored env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS     debug3: Ignored env XDG_DATA_DIRS     debug3: Ignored env MBK_IN_LO     debug3: Ignored env LESSOPEN     debug3: Ignored env MBK_WORK_LIB     debug3: Ignored env XPAT_PARAM_NAME     debug3: Ignored env WINDOWPATH     debug3: Ignored env PROFILEHOME     debug3: Ignored env XDG_RUNTIME_DIR     debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY     debug3: Ignored env QT_PLUGIN_PATH     debug3: Ignored env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP     debug3: Ignored env GTK_IM_MODULE     debug3: Ignored env ELP_TECHNO_NAME     debug3: Ignored env MBK_CATA_LIB     debug3: Ignored env CCACHE_HASHDIR     debug3: Ignored env XAUTHORITY     debug3: Ignored env _     debug2: channel 2: request shell confirm 1     debug2: callback done     debug2: channel 2: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768     debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 2     debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 2     debug2: channel 2: rcvd adjust 2097152     debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 2     debug2: shell request accepted on channel 2     Last login: Tue Apr 15 07:37:45 2014 from HostName.lan           ____________________,             ______________________________________        .QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQL_         |                                      |      .gQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ__   |                                      |      gQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ==   |                    _.---.)           |      QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQF=         |          (^--^)_.-"      `;          |      QQQQQQQQQ================!            |          ) ee (           |          |      QQQQQQQQ                              |         (_.__._)         /           |      QQQQQQQQ                              |           `--',        ,'            |      QQQQQQQQ     ~"jjj__,                 |            jgs )_|--')_|             |      QQQQQQQQ       "jjjjjjjjjj___         |                ""'   ""'             |      QQQQQQQQ        ~jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj__  |                                      |      QQQQQQQQ        _jjjjjjjjjjjjjj/~~~~  |      The Hippo says: Welcome to      |      QQQQQQQQ      .{jjjjjjj/~~~~~         |                             _        |      QQQQQQQQ     .{/~~~~`                 |  ____  _   _   ____  _ _ _ (_) ____  |      QQQQQQQQ                              | / ___)| | | | / _  || | | || ||  _ \ |      QQQQQQQQ                              |( (___ | |_| |( (_| || | | || || | | ||      QQQQQQQQQL_______________,            | \____) \__  | \___ | \___/ |_||_| |_||      QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQL___       |        (___/  (____|                 |      4QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ___  |                                      |      (=QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ====   |       -.-. -.-- --. .-- .. -.        |        (QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQF=         |______________________________________|               UserName@HostName ~     $


title: Modifying a set of binary files

text: I have several binary files with the character 0x04 in them, and I'd like to add an escape `\` character before each. Is there a script I can use to do this without needing to manually edit each one?


title: Install C# plugin for Eclipse on rhel 6.5 Workstation

text: I've been trying to install a C# IDE or C# programming support on my Redhat Workstation, but no luck. I couldn't get Monodevelop running. Now I get these errors on the emonic plugin install for eclipse:               An error occurred while collecting items to be installed     session context was:(profile=PlatformProfile, phase=org.eclipse.equinox.internal.p2.engine.phases.Collect, operand=, action=).     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/edu.arizona.cs.mbel2_1.9.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.base_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.base.build.ant_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.base.build.csant_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.base.build.msbuild_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.base.build.nant_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.debug.core_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.debug.remote_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.debug.ui_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.debugger_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic/org.emonic.monodoc_0.4.0.jar     internap.dl.sourceforge.net      I'm trying to install this plugin:link to website Anyone got any ideas on C# for RHEL 6.5 Workstation? EDIT: This is the errors when I changed to the link to the link from my first answer:               `An error occurred while collecting items to be installed     session context was:(profile=PlatformProfile,     phase=org.eclipse.equinox.internal.p2.engine.phases.Collect, operand=,     action=).     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /edu.arizona.cs.mbel2_1.9.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.base_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.base.build.ant_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.base.build.csant_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.base.build.msbuild_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.base.build.nant_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.debug.core_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.debug.remote_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.debug.ui_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.debugger_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net     Unknown Host: http://ovh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emonic     /org.emonic.monodoc_0.4.0.jar     ovh.dl.sourceforge.net`


title: Why is my Fedora 14 install failing?

text: While trying to install Amahi and Fedora 14 from 5 discs, I get this error: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/PMjK9.jpg) It says: > A fatal error occurred when installing the module-init-tools package. This > could indicate errors when reading installation media. Installation cannot > continue. When prompted, I opted to install the Fedora repository, the Fedora Updates repo, and added an Amahi repo. I didn't select the Fedora Test Updates repo. The checksums of the downloaded files are correct, and the media test approved all 5 of my CDs. What else could be the problem?


title: udev rule not working

text: I have created a `udev` rules which is supposed to mount a USB device, backup some datas et cleanup everything. I am actually working on a `Debian` server. There is the information about my usb device that I have with `lsusb` > Bus 001 Device 003: ID 054c:0243 Sony Corp. MicroVault Flash Drive (Actually the `lsusb` returns more Bus / Device, but I have to write them by hand since I am not posting from my Debian machine :)) Then I have written my `udev` rule called :               10-usb_back.rules      into:               /etc/udev/rules.d/      (I used 95 because the backup script takes some seconds and I want to run it as late as I can for avoiding to delay other stuff) And finally the rule itself:               ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTR{idProduct}=="0243", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/mount_usb"     ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="054c", ATTR{idProduct}=="0243", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/backup_database"      I have tried this too:               ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="054c", ATTR{idProduct}=="0234", RUN+="bash /usr/local/bin/mount_usb"      Unsuccessfully :( Then I restart `udev`               sudo /etc/init.d/udev restart      And when I plug my USB device I got this weird message: > [1348.295280] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through twice But nothing happened. No USB device mounted, no data backed up.               I looked with tail -f /var/log/message      And the USB drive looks like detected:               usb 1-3: Product Storage Media      usb 1-3 Manufacturer Sony`     ...      Something must be wrong somewhere but I don't know what, neither where :( Edit: Since I've been a little bit lazy because I can't rewrite everything from my server, please ask for further information if needed, such as the script or more logs messages :)


title: Weird behavior when sourcing .zshrc

text: I'm using `zsh 5.0.2 (x86_64-apple-darwin12.3.0)` on the latest MacOSX. If it makes any difference, I have also enabled `oh-my-zsh`. The shell seems to be missing the `.zshrc` file when I want to source it. The result of the execution of the following commands should expose my problem clearly. (`~ »` is my prompt). **The file exists**               ~ » ls -l .zshrc     -rw-r--r--  1 user  staff  1882 May 16 10:43 .zshrc     ~ » [[ -r .zshrc ]] && echo "Exists"     Exists      **The file isn't read by "."**               ~ » . .zshrc     .: no such file or directory: .zshrc      I don't know what causes this behavior, especially that this works               ~ » . "$(pwd)"/.zshrc     Success!      My question is: **Why won't`. .zshrc` work?**


title: Trying to remove password echo in Redhat 5 when logging in

text: I'm running Redhat 5.6 with the gnome display manager. I would like to configure the login manager so that there is no echo of the password when typing it in (no asterisks or the like). I have edited the files `/usr/share/gdm/defaults.conf` and `/usr/share/gdm/factory-defaults.conf` and changed the line `#UseInvisibleInEntry=false` to `UseInvisibleInEntry=true`, but I still get a password echo of asterisks at the login screen.


title: How to determine the sequence of ordering certificates by browser?

text: I did a Mutual Certificate Authentication implementation with OpenSSL and Apache Web Server on CentOS platform. To simple explanation see this diagram: > * * * >   >   >                     ---------- >                   |  Root CA  |    // Self-Signed Certificate >                     ---------- >                         |   >                     ---------- >                   |  SiteA CA  |  // Intermediate Certificate signed by Root > CA >                     ---------- >                    |          | >                --------    -------- >              | Server1 | | Client1 |  //Certificates signed by SiteA CA >                --------    --------   >   > > * * * in Apache Configuration I edited next:   make a chain crt:               sudo cat server.crt rootca.crt serverCA.crt > server_chain.crt       edit ssl config :               sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf      edit those four lines :               SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/server.crt      SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/server.key      SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/pki/tls/server_chain.crt      SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/rootca.crt      and to make it (two-way) Mutual Authentication :               SSLVerifyClient require     SSLVerifyDepth  10      Then : restart apache=httpd service :               sudo service httpd restart      you know that you should give your browser root ca certificate and client certificate and while I was doing a Testing I did next: I removed `rootca.crt` from browser and noticed that Firefox and Chrome ask me for client certificate confirmation before telling me that the server is not a trusted, while Opera browser acts right, first tell me that it's not trusted and then show me Client certificate information. I was told that in IIS there's an option for telling the web server which one to ask about first, but I couldn't find that option here in Apache.   Can anybody help ?


title: Say I have a file's path, how do I reference that file's directory from the command line?

text: I can type:               dirname ~/home/blah/file.zip      for instance, and this works fine alone, but when I use this syntax as the parameter for some command it always reads 'dirname' as the desired directory. i.e.:               cd dirname ~/home/blah/file.zip     bash: cd: dirname: No such file or directory      Basically, how do I get 'dirname _file_ ' to be read as one entity?


title: Find the exact string with grep

text: by way of example, I've a big text file with many email address, using bash I need search/verify that an email exists (or no). Should be use (only) the "anchors"?               grep '^user1@example.com' text_file      or there're better ways? I need create a bash script and I'd like be safe.


title: Dead (compose) keys not working in GTK apps since upgrade

text: I'm running Kubuntu with KDE as my main desktop environment. A while ago I set up dead keys so I can type Chinese pinyin and other accented letters and special characters. As a side note, I use IBUS because it seemed to be easiest to set up my Chinese character IMEs with. Until the update, dead/compose keys worked fine in all applications. Now, they work in QT applications, but not GTK ones (such as this browser). This is unfortunate, as it's where I do most of my typing. My workaround right now is to type accents into KDE's launcher and copy past (Alt+F2, type using dead keys, Ctrl+X, Esc, Ctrl+V), which is kind of a hassle. I'm not sure what information is useful in debugging this, as it's been a while since I set this all up. Interestingly, the environment variable $QT_IM_MODULE has no value. $GTK_IM_MODULE has xim. I have ibus-gtk3 installed, I can post whatever information else would be helpful in diagnosing. I have pasted below the setup script that is in various places (ex. en_US, /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/ibus, etc.). I'm not sure which one takes priority, and I'm not sure any are being run, as QT_IM_MODULE has no value when I echo it, whereas these all indicate it should be "xim" by default if not ibus. I should mention also that the libraries (im-ibus.so, etc) mentioned below I do not have, nor can I find how to get them or where they are to link them. In fact, my gtk-3.0.0/ and qt4/ directories do not even have an inputmethod/ or plugin/ directory. This may be part of the problem, but again, it was working before the update, so I don't know.               # start IBus     # vim: set sts=4 expandtab:          # start IBus daemon     #/usr/bin/ibus-daemon --daemonize --xim     XIM=ibus     XIM_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/ibus-daemon     XIM_ARGS="--xim"          # set variables for the plain XIM     XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus          GTK_IM_MODULE=xim     # use immodule only when available for both GTK 2.0 and 3.0     IM_CONFIG_MARKER2=0     for IM_CONFIG_MARKER in /usr/lib/*/gtk-2.0/*/immodules/im-ibus.so \                             /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/*/immodules/im-ibus.so ; do         if [ -e $IM_CONFIG_MARKER ]; then             IM_CONFIG_MARKER2=1             break         fi     done          IM_CONFIG_MARKER3=0     for IM_CONFIG_MARKER in /usr/lib/*/gtk-3.0/*/immodules/im-ibus.so \                             /usr/lib/gtk-3.0/*/immodules/im-ibus.so ; do         if [ -e $IM_CONFIG_MARKER ]; then             IM_CONFIG_MARKER3=1             break         fi     done     if [ $IM_CONFIG_MARKER2 = 1 ] && [ $IM_CONFIG_MARKER3 = 1 ] ; then         GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus     fi          QT_IM_MODULE=xim     # use immodule when available for Qt4 (Qt3 has been long dead)     for IM_CONFIG_MARKER in /usr/lib/*/qt4/plugins/inputmethods/libqtim-ibus.so\                             /usr/lib/qt4/plugins/inputmethods/libqtim-ibus.so ; do         if [ -e $IM_CONFIG_MARKER ]; then             QT_IM_MODULE=ibus             break         fi     done          CLUTTER_IM_MODULE=xim     # use immodule when available for clutter     for IM_CONFIG_MARKER in /usr/lib/*/clutter-imcontext/immodules/im-ibus.so \                             /usr/lib/clutter-imcontext/immodules/im-ibus.so; do         if [ -e $IM_CONFIG_MARKER ]; then             CLUTTER_IM_MODULE=ibus             break         fi     done          DEPENDS="ibus, ibus-gtk|ibus-qt4|ibus-clutter"


title: Nginx Owncloud 4 produces "No input file specified."

text: I'm trying to setup an Owncloud 4 instance with nginx as a webserver. The host device is a Raspberry Pi with preinstalled Debian 6. When I try to open the URL to the Owncloud installation in a browser, I get a `No input file specified`. The installation is placed in `/var/www/owncloud/owncloud`. I use `spawn_fcgi` for cgi.   My nginx configurationfile `/etc/nginx/sites-available/default` looks like this:               server {              listen   80; ## listen for ipv4         #listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6              server_name raspberrypi;              access_log  /var/log/nginx/localhost.access.log;              root /var/www/owncloud/owncloud/;         index index.php;              # deny direct access         location ~ ^/(data|config|\.ht|db_structure\.xml|README) {                 deny all;         }              # default try order         location / {                 try_files $uri $uri/  @webdav;         }              # owncloud WebDAV         location @webdav {                 fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;                 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # or use php-fpm with: "unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;"                 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;                 include fastcgi_params;         }                   # enable php         location ~ \.php$ {                 include fastcgi_params;                 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;                 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # or use php-fpm with: "unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;"         }              location /doc {                 root   /usr/share;                 autoindex on;                 allow 127.0.0.1;                 deny all;         }              location /images {                 root   /usr/share;                 autoindex on;         }          }      My `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf` looks like this:               user www-data;     worker_processes  1;          error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;       pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;          events {     worker_connections  1024;     # multi_accept on;     }          http {     include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;          access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;          sendfile        on;     #tcp_nopush     on;          #keepalive_timeout  0;     keepalive_timeout  65;     tcp_nodelay        on;          gzip  on;     gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";          include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;     include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;     }      Can you help me to find the misconfiguration?


title: How to make Chinese characters display properly on Chromium

text: When I use Iceweasel (Debian version of Firefox), I can see Chinese characters found on this page, but not when using Chromium. I instead see rectangles. This is on Debian 7 (Wheezy).


title: Inserting a file into another file using sed

text: I want to insert the contents of file1 into file2 after a matching PATTERN. I want to do it only after the first occurrence of the PATTERN. I would like to know the modification I need to make to the following command for my needs. `sed -i "/PATTERN/r file1" file2`


title: How to disable X support for emacs

text: After I install `emacs` package on Debian 7 (Wheezy), when I start it up on a GUI terminal, it opens a GUI (GTK-based). I would rather it just run from the terminal.


title: Are there any editline configuration files available to make it act more like readline?

text: With editline replacing readline in a few software packages I use, the annoyance is growing at editline's behaviors and shortcomings. Is there someone maintaining a configuration file to at least make editline as close in behavior as possible to readline?


title: How to check if port forwarding is enabled?

text: I have just set up a DNS server for my own network, and many guides online suggest to make sure that port forwarding on port 53 is not enabled. The thing that is not clear to me is this: should I configure this at the router level or at the firewall level? If I should do this on the firewall, how would I go about doing this on an Ubuntu Server 12.04? My home network has a few clients, an ESXi server and a home router. One of the VMs inside ESXi is the DNS server (running on Ubuntu Server 12.04) which is used to handle local DNS requests but is also configured as to forward requests for external IPs to Google's DNS servers.


title: Command line friendly virtual machine

text: I've been using Virtualbox for a while now, but the only way I've learned to interact with it is through the graphical interface. Is there a way for me to send bash commands to the vm through the commandline so that I can write scripts from the host that interact with the guest? e.g.               $ sendMessage vmName "echo hello"      I am willing to try new virtualization software. I am currently on a Mac and I would like to run a Linux guest this way. Edit: I want to run possibly malicious code to see its behavior. Ideally, I want to disable networking on the guest so that I can be sure the guest is completely isolated. I was hoping the guest and the host could communicate purely through stdin/stdout.


title: How to check that ssh login was successful in a script?

text: I do run `ssh server "svn info /path/to/codebase"` from php. It works fine but I wan to know how to check if the ssh login was not successful. I want to **check from my php script** that ssh server is up and **login process finished successfully**. How can do that?


title: How can I change the GTK engine on Cinnamon >= 2.0?

text: I just upgraded to Cinnamon 2.0.14 on my LMDE laptop and in this new version I am unable to change the GTK engine used. Menus and widgets in general look very ugly: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/C33hF.png) When they should look something like this: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/NBmVo.png) In principle, I should be able to change this using Cinnamon's own settings app in System Settings => Themes => Other Settings => Controls: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ngO2R.png) However, while most options available in that window work (Window Borders for example), the "Controls" and "Icons" options are ignored. Starting from version 2.0, Cinnamon has become independent of Gnome and in fact conflicts with it. I have therefore had to remove Gnome to install this version of Cinnamon which may be relevant. I do have the necessary GTK packages installed though:               $ dpkg -l | grep engines | grep gtk | awk '{printf "%s  %-26s %-22s\n",$1,$2,$3}'     ii  gtk2-engines:amd64         1:2.20.2-3                 ii  gtk2-engines-aurora        1.5.1-3                    ii  gtk2-engines-candido       0.9.1-pablo4               ii  gtk2-engines-magicchicken  1.1.1-9                    ii  gtk2-engines-moblin        1.1.1-1.1                  ii  gtk2-engines-murrine:amd64 0.98.1.1-5                 ii  gtk2-engines-nodoka        0.7.0-1.2                  ii  gtk2-engines-oxygen:amd64  1.3.3-2                    ii  gtk2-engines-pixbuf:amd64  2.24.20-1                  ii  gtk2-engines-wonderland    1.0-8                      ii  gtk2-engines-xfce          3.0.1-2                    ii  gtk3-engines-oxygen:amd64  1.1.4-1                    ii  gtk3-engines-unico:amd64   1.0.2-1              So, how can I choose the GTK engine used by Cinnamon to make my new desktop pretty?


title: How to install Ubuntu in a netbook, but keeping the original win7 installation in storage

text: I have a Samsung N210 netbook. It has windows 7, starter edition. I´ve tried the latest Ubuntu version using a pendrive and loved it so far. **I would like to install it in my netbook, but I would also like to keep all my installation** in case something goes wrong (or I don´t like it after using it extensively), and want to get bak to my win7 install (wich is the original software, that came with the samsung and I have all original updates there). Is there a way to create a mirror and store it in an external storage drive?


title: Is there a command to switch to into an existing namespace?

text: I am using multiple UTS namespaces, each of them has some servers constantly running. I can get the namespace IDs via `readlink /proc/<pid>/ns/uts`, now I would like to change into a given namespace to do modifications there. As far as I understand from `man 2 setns` it should be possible to do this, by using the `setns()` system call. There is even an example program which could do what I am looking for, but I was hoping that there is already some utility that most distributions include which can do the same job. The `unshare` command doesn't seem to work for me because it only creates new namespaces to launch processes in, but it doesn't allow me to specify an existing namespace.


title: Downloading files over ssh based on a list of filenames

text: So here is what I have done already: I have a file called abc.txt which contains list of files. I am using abc.txt to move those files to a folder, tar that folder and finally I download the tar to my local PC from my server, which is running GNU/Linux. Here are the steps in list form:   1. abc.txt   2. abc.txt (listed files) -> folder   3. Folder -> folder.tar   4. folder.tar -> local PC. If abc.txt contains 2 files, for example:               example1.css     example2.css      I need to download those files from abc.txt separately and directly to the local PC. Since ftp or sftp need the file name to download it, how can I read that from abc.txt?


title: output while reading keyboard input

text: I'm trying to write a script that will `ssh` into a box, start a processes that needs to be monitored (by a human) for success or failure then move onto the next box and repeat. I've been trying to use tail or `tail -f` on the log that the process writes to, but I've yet to find a way to get the script to read keyboard input while the `tail -f` is running. Ideally I'd like to `tail -f` the log until I see the process was successful, press a key and have the script move on, OR press another key if the startup errors out and exit the script. Is this possible? So far I've only come up with:                   #!/bin/bash         kb=""         until [ "$kb" == "n" ]; do         tail /var/log/java-app.log         read -t 1 kb         done      It mostly works, but it's klunky. I'm starting up java apps and there are pauses so occasionally the same 10 lines are repeated and I have to hit `enter` to have the `n` acknowledged. I'd really like to use `tail -f` and still read (ideally 2) different vars from the keyboard. Is this possible? {edit}   I'm actually thinking that               tail -f /var/log/java-app.log | tee > ( grep -q "YADA YADA" )      Is my best bet. I can just `Ctrl+C` if I find errors.


title: How can I prevent drivers from binding USB devices on a certain bus?

text: I have a setup with two Logitech Unifying receivers, each receiver has a keyboard bound to it. One of the receiver is to be used by the physical machine to which the devices are connected, the other one has to be passed to a QEMU virtual machine. I am able to manually unbind one receiver following the instructions in How to use Linux kernel driver bind/unbind interface for USB-HID devices?. This method has some disadvantages:   * I have to determine the device identifier manually by looking at dmesg.   * Each time the virtual machine is closed, and on every reboot, the unbinding process has to be repeated. I then tried to find kernel module options that prevents the USB driver from binding it at all and found the `quirks` option for `usbhid`. Unfortunately, this parameter cannot be used since I have two identical receivers with the same vendor and device ID. The two devices are distinguishable by their separate buses. That is, `lsusb` looks like:               Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver     Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver      Is there a way to prevent `hid-logitech-dj` (or `usbhid`) from binding a USB device on a certain bus? The target machine is running Arch Linux 64-bit with a Linux 3.9 kernel.


title: How to count rows ordered by the first field in bash

text: Here is a snippet from the INPUT:               ...     ####################     Bala Bela;XXXXXX12345;XXXXXX12345678;A     SERVER345Z3.DOMAIN.com0     SERVER346Z3.DOMAIN.com0     SERVER347Z3.DOMAIN.com0     SERVER348Z3.DOMAIN.com0     ssh-dss ...pubkeyhere...     ####################     Ize Jova;XXXXXX12345;XXXXXX12345;A     SERVER342Z3.DOMAIN.com0     SERVER343Z3.DOMAIN.com0     SERVER345Z3.DOMAIN.com0     ssh-rsa ...pubkeyhere...     ...      And here is a snippet from the OUTPUT that I need:               Bala Bela;XXXXXX12345;XXXXXX12345678;A     4     Ize Jova;XXXXXX12345;XXXXXX12345;A     3      So I need an OUTPUT from the INPUT, so that I could see that how many rows starting with "SERVER" goes to given user (ex.: "Bala Bela;XXXXXX12345;XXXXXX12345678;A"). How can I do this in bash?


title: SSH login attempts per minute per IP

text: How can i limit SSH login attempts per minute per IP ? I want to disable login attempts during 5 seconds after a failure. Is this possible ? I'm not talking about ban a user after parsing logs like Fail2ban.


title: Keyboard-only captioning in digikam

text: In digikam 2.5.0, is it possible to caption a series of photos using only the keyboard? If yes, how?


title: Program for choosing computers to run X clients on - what are such programs called?

text: At my college some 20 years ago they ran HPUX and had several X-terminals (terminals with graphic-cards that ran an X server, but left the running of X clients to the main computer). The college had several servers, so rather than getting the normal Display Manager screen with GUI login and password prompt, you got a list of servers with their load-averages. Once you selected one of the server, you got the usual Display Manager prompt. What is the generic name of such a choosers? (I mean "generic" in the way WindowManager is generic as opposed to mwm, fvwm or afterstep and DisplayManager is generic as opposed to xdm, mdm and asdm). Is it a specific program, or something like an option to the DisplayManager? If it's a specific program, which are available? Are there any which is part of the standard X packages (or perhaps as a contrib)? * * * Wordlist (what I mean):   * DisplayManager: Used with GUI-logins, prompts for username and password.   * WindowManager: Draws window-borders, allows resizing, moving, minimizing etc. Often with extra functions (like DesktopManager).   * DesktopManager: Allow switching between separate and/or parts of an oversized desktop.   * DesktopEnviroment: Combination of WM, DesktopManager and a set of commonly used utilities and applicatins; all with a similar look and feel, all integrated (more or less) together, often with some standards about menu choices and buttons (easy to recognize between different programs).


title: How do I exit full screen after enabling via the right click context menu of kwin (KDE)?

text: This is related to my other question: Kate has no window borders, and thus no minimize, maximize, and close buttons In KDE, after right-clickin on any window border, or it's entry in the task manager, I can select `More Actions` and then `Fullscreen`. Once in this mode, normal window manager commands such as `alt`-`tab` and `alt`-`f4` no longer work. Moreover, the task bar and everything else remain permanently hidden until I quit the window via the `File` menu. ## How do I un-fullscreen a window managed by kwin?


title: Usb tethering with linux and htc desire s other than rndis_host

text: I want to share the connection of my htc desire s with linux and I'm doing it but if it is possibile I'd like to avoid using the `rndis_host` module. The tethering can be configured as "windows" or "mac osx" and actually it is set to "windows". Can I set it to "mac osx" and use more standard protocol? Which module should I enable in the kernel?


title: ssh reverse tunneling not working

text: So, I have a server and a home machine. My server can't talk to internet, but my home machine can. So, I set up a reverse tunnel through home to server using:               ssh -R 9001:www.google.com:80 server      Now, when I try to ping from server, it says unknown host.               ping locahost:9001      Any idea what am I doing wrong?