title: How can I view gzipped files in less without having to type zless?

text: I am using Ubuntu, and I would like to be able to type `less compressed_text_file.gz` and page the contents of the text file in uncompressed form. Is there a way to do this?


title: where in Apache2 do you set the Servername directive globally?

text: **NOTE:** This is related to my question: "apache 2.4 won't reload, any problem with my configuration?". The thing is I'm trying to test a local site, locally. As I understand Apache2 (and perhaps Apache as well) has something called `VirtualHost`. My little bit of understanding tells me that virtualhosting is a way where one server/IP address can serve multiple domains.   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_hosting .  Anyways, I'm getting the following error when running Apache2's `configtest` to see where I'm failing. I'm running Apache 2.4.10-1 and it seems there are a lot of changes which have happened between Apache 2.2 and Apache 2.4 which I'm not aware of.               $ sudo apache2ctl configtest     [sudo] password for shirish:      AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message     Syntax OK      This is the `/etc/hosts` file:                $ cat /etc/hosts     127.0.0.1   localhost      127.0.1.1   debian mini      I also see an empty `/etc/hosts.conf` file. Perhaps the data in `/etc/hosts` needs to be copied to `/etc/hosts.conf` for the server to take cognizance? My hostname:               $ hostname     debian      This is the configuration file of the site:               $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/minidebconfindia.conf      <VirtualHost mini:80>     ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost          DocumentRoot /var/www/html/in2014.mini/website     <Directory />     Options +FollowSymLinks +Includes     Require all granted     </Directory>     <Directory /var/www/html/in2014.mini/website/>     Options +Indexes +FollowSymLinks +MultiViews +Includes     Require all granted     </Directory>     </VirtualHost>      I also read about binding to addresses and ports but haven't understood that well for multiple reasons. It doesn't give/share an example as to in which file those lines need to be put and what will come before and after. An example would have been much better. I did that and restarted the server but still get the same error.               ~$ sudo apache2ctl configtest     AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message     Syntax OK      It seems there are three configuration files in Debian that I need to know and understand.               /etc/apache2$ ls *.conf     apache2.conf  ports.conf      and               /etc/apache2/conf.d$ ls *.conf     httpd.conf      Apparently, apache2.conf IS the global configuration file while the httpd.conf is a user-configuration file. There is also ports.conf . Both apache2.conf and ports.conf are at the defaults except I have changed the loglevel of Apache from `warn` to `debug`. I tried one another thing :-               $ sudo apache2ctl -S     AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message     VirtualHost configuration:     127.0.1.1:80           debian (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/minidebconfindia.conf:1)     *:80                   127.0.1.1 (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf:1)     ServerRoot: "/etc/apache2"     Main DocumentRoot: "/var/www/html"     Main ErrorLog: "/var/log/apache2/error.log"     Mutex watchdog-callback: using_defaults     Mutex default: dir="/var/lock/apache2" mechanism=fcntl      Mutex mpm-accept: using_defaults     PidFile: "/var/run/apache2/apache2.pid"     Define: DUMP_VHOSTS     Define: DUMP_RUN_CFG     User: name="www-data" id=33     Group: name="www-data" id=33      Maybe somebody has more insight.


title: Vim spell punctuation for ⸮

text: I am finding myself using the point d'irony (⸮) more and more. However, vim spelling does not recognise it as a valid punctuation character. How can I add it to vim so that the spelling works?


title: Is cmp faster than diff -q?

text: In a recent AU question on checking whether some files have differing content, I saw a comment stating that if the differing sections didn't matter, `cmp` would be faster than `diff`. This SO answer concurs, giving the reason that `cmp` would stop at the first differing byte. However, GNU `diff` has `-q` (or `--brief`) flag, which is supposed to make it `report only when files differ`. It would seem logical that GNU diff would also stop comparing once any difference is found (like grep would stop searching after first match when `-l` is specified). So is `cmp` truly faster than `diff -q`, in the context of Linux systems, which are likely to have the GNU version?


title: How do I run Linux on a MacBookPro(11,2) with more than one CPU?

text: I have a late 2013 15-inch MacBookPro (MacBookPro11,2). I need to have Linux running on it. The closest I have come is loading Xubuntu, which only boots with the `maxcpus=1` kernel option. Question 1: Is there anyway to run Xubuntu on this machine without the single CPU limit? Alternate Question: Is there any Linux Distribution that will boot on this machine without the single CPU limit? Note: Virtualization works fine, but the final goal is to dual-boot OSX and Linux.


title: Why IP address for Linux Bridge which is layer 2 virtual device?

text: Shouldn't bridge (or a switch) be working without having an IP address? I believe I can have a bridge `br0` setup with `eth0` and `eth1` as members both having no IP addresses. I can't understand why an address should be allocated to `br0`?


title: I'm trying to count and print song file names using awk as following

text: RANK  NAME                    BAND  YEAR   GENERE  DOMESTIC/INTERNATIONAL        206:Reach Out, I'll Be There:The Four Tops:1978:Pop:3/2              207:Bye Bye Love:The Everly Brothers:1950:Classic:3/2          208:Gloria:Them:1965:Classic:1/1           209:In My Room:The Beach Boys:1985:Classic:5/7       210:96 Tears:? & the Mysterians:1964:Classic:20/15          211:Caroline, No:The Beach Boys:1975:Classic:5/7        212:1999:Prince:1958:Classic:5/7            213:Your Cheatin' Heart:Hank Williams:1988:Soul:7/6       (1) I tried to print a list of Rank, performers and songs with new header so I tried:               nawk  'BEGIN { FS=":"      printf "%-10s %-35s %-55s\n", "RANK", "PERFORMER","SONG"     print "=====================================================================\n"}     {printf "%-10s %-35s %-55s\n", $1, $3, $2}' songs      but the output still have the default header under the line so how i remove the first line under the new header? (2)I need to count the number of songs from each type of Genre and report totals of each genre Desired output is example:               classic 10     R&B 5     Soul 9 etc..      I tried but failed to get the desired output:               awk '{count+$5} END {print $5}' songs


title: Force ssh to always use SSH_ASKPASS

text: I want to force ssh to always use the program specified by `SSH_ASKPASS`. In my case the program is just a bash script returning the passphrase. The problem is, as the ssh documentation says: > If ssh needs a passphrase, **it will read the passphrase from the current > terminal if it was run from a terminal**. So if I run ssh from a terminal, `SSH_ASKPASS` is ignored. There is a similar question: Tell SSH to use a graphical prompt for key passphrase which proposes create an alias for ssh, like this               $ alias ssh="setsid ssh"      but doesn't work for me, because I don't call ssh directly, is called from git or rsync. I also found an open issue in the OpenSSH Bugzilla asking for a fix, but was opened in 2002, so I don't believe is going to be implemented. I'm thinking on probably weird solutions:   1. Make a fake ssh agent, which calls the script and returns the passphrase.    2. Create a process looking for new ssh processes and detach them from the terminal before ssh asks for the password. Any better sugestion?


title: Live Linux distribution with preinstalled NVIDIA CUDA support

text: Is there any Linux distribution with preinstalled NVIDIA CUDA support that could be launched from a live CD/USB drive?


title: Strange error (?) when I run `man` command from a folder that no longer exists

text: Let's have a look at the followings:               radu@Radu:~$ mkdir test     radu@Radu:~$ cd test     radu@Radu:~/test$ rmdir ~/test     radu@Radu:~/test$ man ls     man: can't change directory to '': No such file or directory Normally, I would say that the last line from the previous output from my terminal is an error. But how can I understand it? And why does this appear only in the case of `man` command (as far as I know; even `pwd` or `ls` does not have any problem)? Furthermore, let's see again:               radu@Radu:~/test$ man ls     man: can't change directory to '': No such file or directory     radu@Radu:~/test$ echo $?     0 What? It was a success (see the output of `man man |& grep -A 1 '^EXIT STATUS$'`)? ### Another version of man When attempted with another version of `man` the same thing works.               $ mkdir mantst     $ cd mantst/     $ man ls            <--- works     $ rmdir ../mantst/     $ man ls            <--- works     $ man --version     man 2.6.3


title: How to prepend a particular text file contents to every text file in a directory and its subdirectories?

text: I hate to clutter my source code files with licensing/attribution comments but some times it is a requirement. So having dozens of source code files (organized in a tree of subdirectories) written I need to add the same multiline comment to the beginning of each of them. I suspect this is a very easy task to do with standard GNU/Linux command line tools though I am hardly proficient in making any serious use of them, so I beg your pardon and ask for your help. What I need is to replace every `theTargetFile.txt` in `./*.txt` (including in subdirectories recursively) with something like `cat theCommonComment.txt theTargetFile.txt`. I would also prefer to exclude files fitting a particular more specific mask like consider all `*.txt` but leave `*.DontTouch.txt` intact. I think the hardest part of what I actually need is a fancy `find`-based spell that would run through subdirectories, include *.txt files and exclude *.DontTouch.txt files.


title: GNUBG configure: error: You need to have glib2 to compile GNU backgammon

text: I do have it my system says `Package glib2-2.26.1-3.el6.i686 already installed and latest version` I'm just trying to get an open source backgammon or chess game working on centos 6.5 32 bit system and not having much luck. So I followed this But many of those libraries must be wrong for my system because they come up as no package available but i did get the basic ones and I was able to command `./autogen.sh` but with configure command it says I need glib2 which i already have. So why would it say I need it when it is already installed? Perhaps someone else is having same problems as I am with repositories.


title: Tracking down where disk space has gone on Linux?

text: When administering Linux systems I often find myself struggling to track down the culprit after a partition goes full. I normally use `du / | sort -nr` but on a large filesystem this takes a long time before any results are returned. Also, this is usually successful in highlighting the worst offender but I've often found myself resorting to `du` without the `sort` in more subtle cases and then had to trawl through the output. I'd prefer a command line solution which relies on standard Linux commands since I have to administer quite a few systems and installing new software is a hassle (especially when out of disk space!)


title: Lightweight VirtualBox Host OS for single guest

text: I'm thinking about replacing some PC's on our network, some win32 and some linux. I'd like to run the actual OS I want in a VirtualBox instance, only one per PC, so I want a mega-thin Linux distribution which will let me boot (without login - I don't need access to the host OS except to configure the VM) straight into a VBox instance, taking the whole screen etc etc. This might seem like an odd thing to do, but it seems perfect for my requirements where things move around quite a bit, and the ability to (re-)provision extra clients on any available hardware would give me lots of flexibility. Note that I don't mind if the image is on the PC or booted over the network - the flexibility to do either would be great. I'm not sure I've explained what I want clearly, but I hope someone understands what I want!


title: Applications get started in the network instead of localhost

text: Normally `uname -a` shows me `Linux localhost.localdomain [more stuff...]` but for some reason it shows me some other other domain (but it is still my own terminal but really slow). I guess I am connected to own pc over the network and the same is true for my applications like my Chromium browser that I started from Gnome 3 and not from my terminal. I think it occurred while I switched my network connections from LAN to WLAN and back, is my assessment of the situation correct and how can I repair this?               $ uname -a     Linux localhost.localdomain 3.6.8-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Nov 26 22:10:40 CET 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux     $ gnome-shell --version     GNOME Shell 3.6.2      Edit: Thank you all for the help! Since the problem stopped I cannot provide more details or try your suggestions but I will do the next time it occurs. Interestingly, I get a different output from `uname -a` today ("localhost" instead of "localhost.localdomain") but maybe that is because I did an update with my package manager:               Linux localhost 3.6.8-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Nov 26 22:10:40 CET 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux      Edit: I finally got the error again. Here the output of my `uname -a`: `Linux somename.something.myuniversity.de 3.6.10-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Dec 11 09:40:17 CET 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux` (host name replaced to not provide information about where I live). When I type "exit" in a terminal with "konrad@somename" in the upper right corner, the terminal just closes. `whoami` just displays my username. P.S.: Why was this question closed? And what is this about "this is not a real question"? My questions are: what causes this question, how can I prevent and repair this, isn't this obvious?


title: Imagemagick resize

text: I am familiar with `convert -resize %` for decreasing a size by percentage but what is the command to increase an image from say 700 pixels to 800 pixels? Horizontal width should resize, too. I need to preserve the overall quality and look of the image as best as possible. EDIT:               mogrify -resize geometry      that appears to be what I need to resize the images. Link to article for the next person trying to figure out how to resize.


title: Can I limit connections per second for certain UserAgents using UFW?

text: GoogleBot is hitting my server hard - and even though I have set the CrawlRate in Webmaster Tools it is still hiking up the load on my server and slowing down Apache for the rest of the normal web traffic. Is it possible to limit / rate-limit connections per second / minute using UFW based on a user agent string? If not how can I do it for GoogleBot's IP ranges?


title: grep output of expect script

text: I'm trying to run some expect language, and grep/parse the output all in one script. I want to grep the output of and look for "error" (I should note that standard linux commands like awk, sed, grep, etc are not available on the remote VPlexcli machine)               #!/bin/bash          expect - << EOF     # connect to vplexcli     spawn vplexcli     # Look for login prompt     expect -re "Name:"     # Send login     send "service\r"     # Look for password prompt     expect -re "Password:"     # Send password     send "letmein123\r"     expect -re "VPlexcli:/> "     send "ll /clusters/cluster-1/storage-elements/\r"     expect -re "VPlexcli:/> "     send "exit\r"     EOF      Output looks like this:               VPD83T3:6006016036c02c00e217465c0516e211  ok            APM00121002844.SPA  APM00121002844.SPB  both        0x002e000000000000  implicit-explicit     VPD83T3:6006016036c02c00e4dc0671f907e211  ok            APM00121002844.SPA  APM00121002844.SPB  both        0x0010000000000000  implicit-explicit     VPD83T3:6006016036c02c00ec79619bdd08e211  error         APM00121002844.SPA  APM00121002844.SPB  none                            implicit-explicit     VPD83T3:6006016036c02c00f0bfd3dedd08e211  error         APM00121002844.SPA  APM00121002844.SPB  none                            implicit-explicit


Why the shell show "/dev/sda2 has gone 49710 days without being checked, check forced." at centos start and then reboot? ...... /dev/sda2: Superblock last mount time is in the future. FIXED. /dev/sda2: Superblock last write time is in the future. FIXED. /dev/sda2 has gone 49710 days without being checked, check forced. /dev/sda2: **_**REBOOT LINUX **_**


title: Display lines inbetween text with grep

text: I know that I can use the -A and -B command for grep to get a lot of what I am looking for however that is not quite what I want. I am looking to parse the httpd.conf file **to search for a domain**. Then **display everything between the VirtualHost tags for that domain**. A example of the virtualhost is as follows. To search for a domain I run the following command:               less /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf |grep domain.tld      But that does not give me the full virtualhost only the lines that contain the domain.               <VirtualHost 192.168.1.10:80>         SSLEngine on         SSLCACertificateFile /usr/share/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt         SuexecUserGroup anzenketh wheel         ServerName     anzenketh.net         ServerAlias    www.anzenketh.net         ServerAdmin    root@anzenketh.net         DocumentRoot   /home/anzenketh/www/anzenketh.net         ScriptAlias    /cgi-bin/ "/home/anzenketh/www/cgi-bin/"         <Directory /home/anzenketh/www/cgi-bin>             AllowOverride None             Options ExecCGI             Order allow,deny             Allow from all         </Directory>         CustomLog      /var/log/httpd/anzenketh/anzenketh.net-access_log combined         ErrorLog       /var/log/httpd/anzenketh/anzenketh.net-error_log     </VirtualHost>


title: ssh connection fails after login at one user

text: Have server with 2 users - (e.g. - `user` and `root`). SSH login to `root` works corrctly. But I can't login to `user` \- it immediatelly fails with "write failed - broken pipe" after login.               ssh -vvv user@localhost     OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4, OpenSSL 1.0.1e 11 Feb 2013     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config     debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 22.     debug1: Connection established.     debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1     debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4     debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4 pat OpenSSH*     debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0     debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4     debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "localhost" from file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts"     debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 0 keys     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY     debug1: Server host key: ECDSA 35:d4:ac:99:60:5f:09:75:10:51:d8:eb:9f:34:ea:54     debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "localhost" from file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts"     debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 0 keys     The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.     ECDSA key fingerprint is 35:d4:ac:99:60:5f:09:75:10:51:d8:eb:9f:34:ea:54.     Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes     Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.     debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct     debug2: kex_derive_keys     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received     debug1: Roaming not allowed by server     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent     debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received     debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil))     debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))     debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil))     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password     debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password     debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey     debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey     debug1: Next authentication method: publickey     debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa     debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa     debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa     debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa     debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa     debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup password     debug3: remaining preferred: ,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password     debug1: Next authentication method: password     user@localhost's password:      debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 57 padlen 7 extra_pad 64)     debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply     debug1: Authentication succeeded (password).     Authenticated to localhost ([127.0.0.1]:22).     debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]     debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0     debug2: channel 0: send open     debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com     debug1: Entering interactive session.     Write failed: Broken pipe      Also:               ssh -t user@localhost /bin/bash     user@localhost's password:     Write failed: Broken pipe      * * * ssh_config:               # This is the ssh client system-wide configuration file.  See     # ssh_config(5) for more information.  This file provides defaults for     # users, and the values can be changed in per-user configuration files     # or on the command line.          # Configuration data is parsed as follows:     #  1. command line options     #  2. user-specific file     #  3. system-wide file     # Any configuration value is only changed the first time it is set.     # Thus, host-specific definitions should be at the beginning of the     # configuration file, and defaults at the end.          # Site-wide defaults for some commonly used options.  For a comprehensive     # list of available options, their meanings and defaults, please see the     # ssh_config(5) man page.          Host *     #   ForwardAgent no     #   ForwardX11 no     #   ForwardX11Trusted yes     #   RhostsRSAAuthentication no     #   RSAAuthentication yes     #   PasswordAuthentication yes     #   HostbasedAuthentication no     #   GSSAPIAuthentication no     #   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no     #   GSSAPIKeyExchange no     #   GSSAPITrustDNS no     #   BatchMode no     #   CheckHostIP yes     #   AddressFamily any     #   ConnectTimeout 0     #   StrictHostKeyChecking ask     #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/identity     #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa     #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa     #   Port 22     #   Protocol 2,1     #   Cipher 3des     #   Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc     #   MACs hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160     #   EscapeChar ~     #   Tunnel no     #   TunnelDevice any:any     #   PermitLocalCommand no     #   VisualHostKey no     #   ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p gateway.example.com         SendEnv LANG LC_*         HashKnownHosts no         GSSAPIAuthentication no         GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no          #Host *     #ClientAliveInterval 120     #ServerAliveInterval 120      sshd_config:               # Package generated configuration file     # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details          # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for     Port 22     # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to     #ListenAddress ::     #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0     Protocol 2     # HostKeys for protocol version 2     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key     #Privilege Separation is turned on for security     UsePrivilegeSeparation yes          # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key     KeyRegenerationInterval 3600     ServerKeyBits 768          # Logging     SyslogFacility AUTH     LogLevel INFO          # Authentication:     LoginGraceTime 120     PermitRootLogin yes     StrictModes yes          RSAAuthentication yes     PubkeyAuthentication yes     #AuthorizedKeysFile     %h/.ssh/authorized_keys          # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files     IgnoreRhosts yes     # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts     RhostsRSAAuthentication no     # similar for protocol version 2     HostbasedAuthentication no     # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication     #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes          # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)     PermitEmptyPasswords no          # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with     # some PAM modules and threads)     ChallengeResponseAuthentication no          # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords     #PasswordAuthentication yes          # Kerberos options     #KerberosAuthentication no     #KerberosGetAFSToken no     #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes     #KerberosTicketCleanup yes          # GSSAPI options     GSSAPIAuthentication no     #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes          X11Forwarding yes     X11DisplayOffset 10     PrintMotd no     PrintLastLog yes     TCPKeepAlive yes     #UseLogin no          #MaxStartups 10:30:60     #Banner /etc/issue.net          # Allow client to pass locale environment variables     AcceptEnv LANG LC_*          #Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server          # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,     # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will     # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and     # PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,     # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass     # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".     # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without     # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication     # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.     UsePAM yes          Subsystem sftp internal-sftp     Match Group sftp         ChrootDirectory %h         AllowTCPForwarding no         ForceCommand internal-sftp


title: Configuring Yaboot and Debian to Boot into a Command Line Login Shell?

text: I have a Debian Squeeze variant (MintPPC 9) installed on an old Mac Powerbook G4 (PowerPC CPU). I wish to boot it into a multiuser CLI login shell instead of automatically booting into the login screen for LXDE. I do, however, wish to keep GDM or whatever DM is used by LXDE since I also use it to switch between LXDE and Awesome WM. I wish to boot by default into a CLI login shell; I could then `startx` to start my GUI if I need it. I am aware that `Ctrl-Alt-(F1-6)` will open a separate tty instance with a login shell but it seems wasteful to have a GUI running even if asleep if I am working purely from the command line particularly considering the limited resources of my Powerbook G4. I now know how to do this on Ubuntu installs on other, Intel based machines, by configuring GRUB, however this machine uses Yaboot as the bootloader.


title: How do I install Arch using an older kernel? No ISOs seem to exist

text: This is my first time in Arch, and I'm following this tutorial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSGWiFOp_7o&list=PLj97-HQdMXyZSvMD1xRTqPEeh4nSA6dpC which is great, except that I can't go any farther than partitioning the drive. The reason is that when I try to mount my newly-made partitions, I hit an error that gives me               sda1: WRITE SAME failed. Manually zeroing.      Then it just sits there, not giving me back the command line. I thought maybe it was "manually zeroing" something, so I let it work, but it never came out of it. So I went looking for help online. I found this forum entry: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=161843 that recommended a different kernel, the LTS release. I've been back to the Arch website to download the older image, but I can't find it anywhere. I did find an LTS kernel here: https://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/x86_64/linux-lts/ but that can't be what I need, it's only 46 Mb in size. I need the ISO so I can install from scratch - I don't have a running install that I can grab just the kernel with. I hunted around some more and saw that someone had recommended trying               pacman -S linux-lts      but that just came back, telling me that the databases could not be found, or reached, or whatever. Does anyone know how I can install Arch using the LTS kernel? Thanks in advance


title: What do the arguments '-v' and '-x' mean to bash?

text: I have seen a couple of shell scripts with the following shebang:               #!/bin/bash -x -v       However, `man bash` does not explain what these arguments `-x` and `-v` stand for, if they are belong to `bash` at all. So what do those `-x` and `-v` (and other possible arguments) mean?


title: X.org missing fonts

text: I have a font installed (7x14, part of the xorg-fonts-miscbitmaps package), which I would like to use in my xterm. Problem is, X won't let me. X seems to pick up the font dir:               # grep -A 3 FontPath /var/log/Xorg.0.log     (==) FontPath set to:     /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,     /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/,     /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/OTF      ... but it doesn't show up inside X:               # xlsfonts | egrep "[0-9]+x[0-9]"     6x13      The `/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/misc` folder contains a bunch of NxM-*.pcf.gz files, for various values of N and M. Only the 6x13 one seems to be useable, though. How do I make the rest of the misc-fonts available?


title: Is the crazy partition layout in Fedora 15 really nessesary?

text: As I'm installing Fedora 15 on another computer I'm really starting to question the crazy partition layout. On this computer there's an existing Windows 7 installation, so I'm cramming Fedora right next to it in a small 15 GB slice of space (don't plan on storing much data there) But the installer generates this crazy partition layout   * Windows 7 stuff   * Extended Partition      * /boot (EXT4, 500 MB)     * LVM(!) Volume Group (14858 MB)     * lv_root (8660 MB)     * lv_swap (5888 MB)     * My home (Whats left: 310(!?!) MB) That doesn't seem like much space. Even on my other system which has a whole 80 GB hard drive to itself the LVM gives the root filesystem and the root folder 50 GB and me a measly 20 GB. I sometimes run out of space when Virtualbox gets a lot of snapshots or bittorrent gets out of control. Is there anything wrong with a simple layout like this?   * Windows 7 stuff   * Extended Partition (15 GB)      * Swap (5 GB)     * Root filesystem (10 GB) _Note: The sizes can increase if absolutely necessary_. Note the lack of LVM and separate partitions for everything. Will anything break with this layout? Are there any large disadvantages with this layout?


title: Why is kernel boot starting too late

text: Log message from ARM Cortex A9 based board. Running linux.               [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.207 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.207 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.207 2014] U-Boot 2013.07 (Apr 09 2014 - 12:31:52)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.207 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.207 2014] Memory: ECC disabled     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.207 2014] DRAM:  1 GiB     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.224 2014] MMC:   zynq_sdhci: 0     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.224 2014] SF: Detected N25Q128A with page size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.245 2014] In:    serial     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.245 2014] Out:   serial     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.245 2014] Err:   serial     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.245 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.245 2014] boot Petalinux     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] Device: zynq_sdhci     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] Manufacturer ID: 2     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] OEM: 544d     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] Name: SA04G      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] Tran Speed: 50000000     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] Rd Block Len: 512     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] SD version 3.0     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] High Capacity: Yes     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] Capacity: 3.7 GiB     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] Bus Width: 4-bit     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.303 2014] reading image.ub     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014] 1395836 bytes read in 166 ms (8 MiB/s)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014] ## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 01000000 ...     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]    Using 'conf@1' configuration     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]    Trying 'kernel@1' kernel subimage     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Description:  PetaLinux Kernel     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Type:         Kernel Image     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Compression:  gzip compressed     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Data Start:   0x010000f0     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Data Size:    1383397 Bytes = 1.3 MiB     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Architecture: ARM     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      OS:           Linux     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Load Address: 0x00008000     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Entry Point:  0x00008000     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Hash algo:    crc32     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]      Hash value:   c02e0858     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.520 2014]    Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ OK     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014] ## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 01000000 ...     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]    Using 'conf@1' configuration     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]    Trying 'fdt@1' fdt subimage     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Description:  Flattened Device Tree blob     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Type:         Flat Device Tree     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Compression:  uncompressed     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Data Start:   0x01151dbc     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Data Size:    11101 Bytes = 10.8 KiB     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Architecture: ARM     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Hash algo:    crc32     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Hash value:   5e16707d     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Hash algo:    sha1     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]      Hash value:   0af07559d7f0578246fb91abe17c7987dcee216a     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.579 2014]    Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.596 2014]    Booting using the fdt blob at 0x1151dbc     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.596 2014]    Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014]    Loading Device Tree to 07ffa000, end 07fffb5c ... OK     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014] Starting kernel ...     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] Linux version 3.8.11 (root@xilinx) (gcc version 4.7.3 (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2013.05-40) ) #2 SMP PREEMPT Sat Apr 12 19:11:59 IST 2014     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=18c53c7d     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] Machine: Xilinx Zynq Platform, model: Xilinx-ZC702-14.7     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writealloc     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] PERCPU: Embedded 7 pages/cpu @c0af2000 s5568 r8192 d14912 u32768     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 260096     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.342 2014] Kernel command line: console=ttyPS0,115200     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.342 2014] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.342 2014] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.342 2014] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.343 2014] __ex_table already sorted, skipping sort     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.343 2014] Memory: 1024MB = 1024MB total     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.343 2014] Memory: 1036484k/1036484k available, 12092k reserved, 270336K highmem     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.343 2014] Virtual kernel memory layout:     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.343 2014]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.343 2014]     fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]     vmalloc : 0xf0000000 - 0xff000000   ( 240 MB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xef800000   ( 760 MB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]     pkmap   : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000   (   2 MB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]     modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000   (  14 MB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]       .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0208d94   (2052 kB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]       .init : 0xc0209000 - 0xc02b55c0   ( 690 kB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]       .data : 0xc02b6000 - 0xc02d3ea0   ( 120 kB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]        .bss : 0xc02d3ea0 - 0xc02e6898   (  75 kB)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.387 2014]  RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=4 to nr_cpu_ids=2.     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] MIO pin 47 not assigned(00001220)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] xslcr mapped to f0002000     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] Zynq clock init     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] sched_clock: 16 bits at 54kHz, resolution 18432ns, wraps every 1207ms     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] ps7-ttc #0 at f0004000, irq=43     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] Console: colour dummy device 80x30     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] Calibrating delay loop... 1332.01 BogoMIPS (lpj=6660096)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] pid_max: default: 4096 minimum: 301     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.435 2014] Setting up static identity map for 0x1b6990 - 0x1b69c4     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] L310 cache controller enabled     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] l2x0: 8 ways, CACHE_ID 0x000000c0, AUX_CTRL 0x72360000, Cache size: 524288 B     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] CPU1: Booted secondary processor     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] Brought up 2 CPUs     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated (2664.03 BogoMIPS).     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] devtmpfs: initialized     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] NET: Registered protocol family 16     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] I reach build/linux/kernel/xlnx-3.8/source/net/socket.c:     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.476 2014] xgpiops e000a000.ps7-gpio: gpio at 0xe000a000 mapped to 0xf004e000     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] GPIO IRQ not connected     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] XGpio: /amba@0/gpio@41220000: registered, base is 255     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] GPIO IRQ not connected     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] XGpio: /amba@0/gpio@41200000: registered, base is 251     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] usbcore: registered new device driver usb     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] Switching to clocksource xttcps_clocksource     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] e0001000.serial: ttyPS0 at MMIO 0xe0001000 (irq = 82) is a xuartps     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.518 2014] console [ttyPS0] enabled     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.534 2014] xdevcfg f8007000.ps7-dev-cfg: ioremap f8007000 to f0052000 with size 100     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.548 2014] xqspips e000d000.ps7-qspi: master is unqueued, this is deprecated     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.566 2014] m25p80 spi32766.0: found n25q128, expected n25q128     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.566 2014] m25p80 spi32766.0: n25q128 (16384 Kbytes)     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.566 2014] 4 ofpart partitions found on MTD device spi32766.0     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.566 2014] Creating 4 MTD partitions on "spi32766.0":     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.566 2014] 0x000000000000-0x000000500000 : "boot"     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.566 2014] 0x000000500000-0x000000520000 : "bootenv"     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.580 2014] 0x000000520000-0x0000006416c0 : "image"     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.580 2014] mtd: partition "image" doesn't end on an erase block -- force read-only     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.580 2014] 0x0000006416c0-0x000000a416c0 : "jffs2"     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.580 2014] mtd: partition "jffs2" doesn't start on an erase block boundary -- force read-only     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.598 2014] xqspips e000d000.ps7-qspi: at 0xE000D000 mapped to 0xF0054000, irq=51     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.598 2014] libphy: XEMACPS mii bus: probed     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.613 2014] xemacps e000b000.ps7-ethernet: invalid address, use assigned     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.613 2014] xemacps e000b000.ps7-ethernet: MAC updated ce:5e:a9:56:ee:44     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.613 2014] xemacps e000b000.ps7-ethernet: pdev->id -1, baseaddr 0xe000b000, irq 54     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.630 2014] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.630 2014] ULPI transceiver vendor/product ID 0x0424/0x0007     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.630 2014] Found SMSC USB3320 ULPI transceiver.     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.630 2014] ULPI integrity check: passed.     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.646 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: Xilinx PS USB EHCI Host Controller     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.646 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.660 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: irq 53, io mem 0x00000000     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.677 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.696 2014] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.696 2014] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.696 2014] xi2cps e0004000.ps7-i2c: 400 kHz mmio e0004000 irq 57     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.696 2014] xadcps f8007100.ps7-xadc: enabled:   yes reference:  external     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.716 2014] xwdtps f8005000.ps7-wdt: Xilinx Watchdog Timer at f0074000 with timeout 10s     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.716 2014] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.716 2014] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.716 2014] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.736 2014] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.736 2014] usbhid: USB HID core driver     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.736 2014]  I am at build/linux/kernel/xlnx-3.8/source/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.736 2014] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.746 2014] Freeing init memory: 688K     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.759 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.759 2014] Hello world from myinit.c!      Problem is here:               [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014] Starting kernel ...     [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014]      [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0      Booting is starting after close to 0.6 seconds. How can I make it faster? I want that the booting should start after 0.1 second of the `Starting kernel ...` What should be my focus for improving this ? **Update** I am back with the same issue again. I would like to know what functions are called after " Starting kernel...". I have put several printf and printk statements in following files, but did not get any thing useful as of now: 1- bootm.c 2- setup.c 3- main.c Still I am having these messages:                   [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014] Starting kernel ...         [Sat Apr 12 19:33:50.692 2014]            [Sat Apr 12 19:33:51.298 2014] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0       I am not able to find the breakup of the time between these two messages. Even if I could know software cointrol between these two lines, it will help me in reaching the root cause. In particular I want to know what line of code(s) are being executed between these two messages. I know some initilization might be happening between these lines, but where is the code for the same? The problem is there is no main() function so I am unable to find the sequnce of the funnction calls in the above file.


title: Command to trace rsh server to check behaviour of particular system call

text: I am working with rsh. I want to check the whole process from beginning to end. For that I used strace. Os name is CentOS. I am working on single machine, server and client are on same machine. My command is , `rsh localhost ulimit -n` To take a trace, I used `strace rsh localhost ulimit -n`. I read all the files that is open during executing above command. But I want to trace how the rsh server sets the limit of `ulimit -n`, because all commands in rsh run by rsh daemon. The system call I am looking for is, `setrlimit`, but it didn't show this system call by using `strace rsh localhost ulimit -n`. For that I have to trace rsh server , i.e, rsh daemon. But I don't know, how I perform this task. Please tell me the command and their explanations also. **I know rsh is not used in current scenario, but my project is using that, so please don't tell , rsh is not good. I know all these stuffs.** **Edit No. 1** **[service@jhamb xinetd.d]$ sudo lsof -i :514**               COMMAND  PID USER    FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE  NODE  NAME     syslogd 2210 root    9u  IPv4   6259       UDP *:syslog     xinetd  2658 root    8u  IPv4   8745       TCP *:shell (LISTEN)      and, /etc/xinetd.d, does not contain rshd, it contains rsh, rexec, rlogin, rsync, etc. **Edit no 2** [related to comment by Chris Down] **rsh localhost strace -o log_new bash -c 'ulimit -n'** It gives different answer that it gives when I run `strace rsh localhost ulimit -n`               execve("/bin/bash", ["bash", "-c", "ulimit", "-n"], [/* 15 vars */]) = 0     brk(0)                                  = 0x13e86000     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2af7bbab2000     uname({sys="Linux", node="jhamb.XXX.XXX", ...}) = 0     access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY)      = 3     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=57641, ...}) = 0     mmap(NULL, 57641, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x2af7bbab3000     close(3)                                = 0     open("/lib64/libtermcap.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3     read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0@\17\300T4\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=15584, ...}) = 0     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2af7bbac2000     mmap(0x3454c00000, 2108688, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3454c00000     mprotect(0x3454c03000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0     mmap(0x3454e02000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x2000) = 0x3454e02000     close(3)                                = 0     open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY)     = 3     read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\20\16@T4\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=23360, ...}) = 0     mmap(0x3454400000, 2109696, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3454400000     mprotect(0x3454402000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0     mmap(0x3454602000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x2000) = 0x3454602000     close(3)                                = 0     open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY)      = 3     read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\300\332\1T4\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1726320, ...}) = 0     mmap(0x3454000000, 3506520, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x3454000000     mprotect(0x345414f000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0     mmap(0x345434f000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x14f000) = 0x345434f000     mmap(0x3454354000, 16728, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x3454354000     close(3)                                = 0     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2af7bbac3000     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2af7bbac4000     arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x2af7bbac3dd0) = 0     mprotect(0x3454602000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0     mprotect(0x345434f000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0     mprotect(0x3453e1c000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0     munmap(0x2af7bbab3000, 57641)           = 0     rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8)  = 0     open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)     = -1 ENXIO (No such device or address)     ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, 0x7fffb504cb00) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)     brk(0)                                  = 0x13e86000     brk(0x13ea7000)                         = 0x13ea7000     getuid()                                = 500     getgid()                                = 500     geteuid()                               = 500     getegid()                               = 500     rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8)  = 0     open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2af7bbab3000     read(3, "MemTotal:      3920228 kB\nMemFre"..., 4096) = 777     close(3)                                = 0     munmap(0x2af7bbab3000, 4096)            = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, 8) = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, 8) = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, 8) = 0     rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8)  = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x1, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, 8) = 0     uname({sys="Linux", node="jhamb.XXX.XXX", ...}) = 0     stat("/home/service", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0700, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0     stat(".", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0700, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0     getpid()                                = 30873     getppid()                               = 30829     stat(".", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0700, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0     stat("/home/service/bin/bash", 0x7fffb504cab0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     stat("/usr/local/sbin/bash", 0x7fffb504cab0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     stat("/usr/local/bin/bash", 0x7fffb504cab0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     stat("/usr/sbin/bash", 0x7fffb504cab0)  = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     stat("/sbin/bash", 0x7fffb504cab0)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     stat("/usr/kerberos/bin/bash", 0x7fffb504cab0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     stat("/usr/bin/bash", 0x7fffb504cab0)   = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)     stat("/bin/bash", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=801512, ...}) = 0     access("/bin/bash", X_OK)               = 0     access("/bin/bash", R_OK)               = 0     stat("/bin/bash", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=801512, ...}) = 0     access("/bin/bash", X_OK)               = 0     access("/bin/bash", R_OK)               = 0     getpgrp()                               = 30829     rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {0x436080, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, {SIG_DFL, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x3454030330}, 8) = 0     rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8)  = 0     getpeername(0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(61000), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [5255137823777882128]) = 0     rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8)  = 0     rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8)  = 0     getrlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE, {rlim_cur=RLIM_INFINITY, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0     fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2af7bbab3000     write(1, "unlimited\n", 10)             = 10     exit_group(0)                           = ?      **Edit No.3** **[root@jhamb rsh_trace]# grep -e ulimit -e setrlimit rsh.strace.***               rsh.strace.31472:14:22:42.966361 setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, {rlim_cur=1024, rlim_max=1024}) = 0     rsh.strace.31474:14:22:43.085822 execve("/bin/bash", ["bash", "-c", "ulimit -n"], [/* 4 vars */]) = 0     rsh.strace.31474:14:22:43.546754 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, {rlim_cur=RLIM_INFINITY, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0      **Edit No. 4: /etc/security/limits.conf with comments removed**               *                soft    core            unlimited     *                hard    core            unlimited     @service          hard    nofile          13000     @service          soft    nofile          13000     *                soft    nofile          12000     *                hard    nofile          12000


title: MTS MBlaze 3G USB Dongle in Mint 14 Cinnamon

text: I recently installed Linux Mint 14 Cinnamon 64-bit along with Windows 7. I have a MTS Mblaze 3G USB dongle. This dongle has 2 modes i.e., 1X mode which gives less speed up--to 30 kbp/s and a broadband mode which gives more speed-- up to or greater than 500 kbp/s. In Win 7, this dongle works fine in broadband mode. For using the 3g USB dongle I followed steps from this page: http://telecomtalk.info/step-by-step-guide-configuring-usb-modem- ubuntu/101849/ It's good that Mint has inbuilt support for MTS dongles. But I am facing a problem as I cannot use my dongle in broadband mode in Mint. I have to start Windows, change the dongle mode to 1X mode and then start Mint. Then it connects to internet with 1X mode only giving less speed. How can I connect the dongle in Broadband mode in Mint? I also tried using `wvdial` but it gives an error as `/dev/modem` not found.


title: Merge a number of text files into one with next line for every file

text: I have 2 files. I want to merge them. File1 contents:               abc      File2 contents:               def      Combined File should be:               abc      def


title: Get path of current script when executed through a symlink

text: I have a utility consisting of a couple directories with some bash scripts and supporting files that will be deployed to several machines possibly in a different directory on each machine. The scripts need to be able to reference paths relative to themselves so I need to be able to get the path to the file that's currently being executed. I am aware of the `dirname $0` idiom which works perfectly when my script is called directly. Unfortunately there is a desire to be able to create symlinks to these scripts from a totally different directory and still have the relative pathing logic work. An example of the overall driectory structure is as follows:               /      |-usr/local/lib      |  |-foo      |  |  |-bin      |  |  |  |-script.sh      |  |  |-res      |  |  |  |-resource_file.txt      |-home/mike/bin      |  |-link_to_script (symlink to /usr/local/lib/foo/bin/script.sh)      How can I reliably reference `/usr/local/lib/foo/res/resource_file.txt` from `script.sh` whether it is invoked by `/usr/local/lib/foo/bin/script.sh` or `~mike/bin/link_to_script`?


title: How do I push a Mercurial repository to BitBucket over ssh?

text: I created a public key for ssh and registered that key with BitBucket. I then attempted to push:               $ hg push ssh://jhayward@bitbucket.org/johncharrell/[project name]     pushing to ssh://jhayward@bitbucket.org/johncharrell/[project name     running ssh jhayward@bitbucket.org "hg -R johncharrell/[project name serve --stdio"     remote: Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '[server IP]' to the list of known hosts.     remote: Permission denied (publickey).     abort: no suitable response from remote hg!      What do I need to do so that my public key (or some other created for the purpose) will let me do an hg push from the shell or crontab? In BitBucket, I have read and write permissions to the project, but not to my knowledge anything administrative.


title: how to make customized ISO?

text: I have made changes in RHEL starting from partition and also I have changed so many parameters. Now I want to use this changed OS as ISO image so that I can directly install it without doing all the stuff again.


title: How can I get a copy of /var for SunOS 5.5.1

text: I had a problem on my SunOS 5.5.1 installation, so I tried to restore from a backup. After the restoration completed, `/var` was empty. I have another workstation with the same OS. How could I get a copy of `/var` from one machine to the other?


title: How do I compile wxWidgets with the same options as the package as the repository?

text: I am compiling wxWidgets as a pre-step to compiling the newest version of pgAdmin3 since there isn't a deb version in the repository that supports version postgres 9.2. I am having troubles and eliminating possibilities. The default package has a version of wxWidgets that works with pgAdmin3. I want to install the same options of this package. When I type:               ./configure --help      I get a whole host of options. How do I find out the options used to compile the default package version so I can match its functionality. I have tried to use:               --enable-debug --enable-button --enable-ect.      but after 10 or so options I worry that I will miss something (and according to the output of the other compile I am) or I will add something that is conflicting. Is there a list of options that the repository is using for wxWidgets. Using Mint Nadia 14/Ubuntu 12.10.


title: Redirection doesn't show up as an argument to a sourced script

text: My problem is that I can't print to the screen when I write a bash script               . myBashScript.sh < text.txt      In `myBashScript.sh` I just print out               echo $2      But instead of printing "text.txt", it show a 'newLine'. As I have been know that '<' is a new line. Why is `$2` not `text.txt`?


title: Expand pattern under cursor to all files matching it

text: Is there anyway to let VIM expand the glob pattern to all files that match it? e.g when I type `*.c`, and press some key, it would become `a.c b.c`


title: Ignoring "print banner page" flag in inbound LPD jobs (CUPS-LPD)

text: I have a USB inkjet printer connected to a server running CentOS 5.7 (64). I installed and enabled cups-lpd so that another Unix server could send print jobs to that printer. The other Unix server assumes you want a banner page printed unless you use the `-o nobanner` option on it's `lp` command but I have an application there that uses `lp` but has no way to specify that option. Consequently, the LPD transacion includes a "Print banner page" option (RFC1179 section 7.5) - at least I'm fairly sure (though I haven't checked with tcpdump etc) The result is I get an unwanted page saying "Cover Page" in big letters and giving Job-Id, Title and User name. This serves no purpose in my environment. **Is there any way to configure cups-lpd to ignore this "print banner page" flag?** * * * Update: Here's the start of /etc/cups/printers.conf               # Printer configuration file for CUPS v1.3.7     # Written by cupsd on 2012-09-13 15:43     <Printer inkjet1>     Info HP PSC 2210     Location Ground FLoor, Outlet  A3/A4     DeviceURI usb://HP/PSC%202200%20Series?serial=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX     State Idle     StateTime 1347547335     Accepting Yes     Shared Yes     JobSheets none none     QuotaPeriod 0     PageLimit 0     KLimit 0     OpPolicy default     ErrorPolicy stop-printer     </Printer>


title: Create a Random ISO Image Using dd

text: I would like to create a ISO file for testing optical drives with the method mentioned here. I want to create an ISO file filled with random data, so I can burn it to a CD, read it back and compare with the original ISO. I think the command bellow will do what I want.               dd if=/dev/urandom of=cd-rom_test.iso bs=2048 count=333000      However, I am unsure of a few things. First of all what should the block size be? Do ISO images include the header and error correction data that is on a CD? Should the block size be 2048 (without header and error correction) or 2352 (with header and error correction)? Secondly, a few sites I have come across have `sync` in the `conv` option (example here). Which as far as I can see fills the header and error correction information with 0s, which surely isn't right.


title: How do I limit the number of getty processes started?

text: I've got a FreeBSD (9.2) box that I'm trying to strip down as lightweight as possible. It's running on a VM server, so other than ttyv0, we don't ever use the console. I'd like (if possible and reasonable) to not start the extra getty processes that run ttyv1 through ttyv7. How do I accomplish that in a FreeBSD supported manner?


title: Is rpm the only file extension for repositories

text: I've noticed that repositories in CentOS have the .rpm extension.   * Are there other extensions?    * Is .rpm specific to the operating system? i.e. do other linux operating systems have other extensions?


title: Why does `exec 2>&1` fail in this bourne shell script?

text: I am porting an old ksh script to Bourne shell. The old ksh script contains the following code:               #!/bin/sh          tmpLog=/var/tmp/logfile.$$          exec 1> $tmpLog     exec 2>&1          eval $*     another_command_1     another_command_2      From what I read, it seems that these two exec statements are intended to execute $*, another_command_1, another_command_2 and all following commands; and then redirect all STDERR and STDOUT from those commands into `/var/tmp/logfile.$$`. However, when I run this in a script the script fails after `exec 2>&1`.               stefanl@host:~ $ sh -xv ./output.sh echo "Hello"     #!/bin/sh          tmpLog=/var/tmp/logfile.$$     + tmpLog=/var/tmp/logfile.39918          exec 1> $tmpLog     + exec     exec 2>&1     + exec     stefanl@host:~ $      And when I run this on the commandline, my shell freezes after I execute `exec 2>&1`:               stefanl@host:~ $ tmpLog=/var/tmp/logfile.$$     stefanl@host:~ $ exec 1> $tmpLog     stefanl@host:~ $ exec 2>&1     ### FREEZE ###      My questions:   1. What is `exec 2>&1` supposed to do?   2. Why is it failing for me?


title: Sabayon: UFW blocking all incoming connections, although default policies are set to "Allow"

text: I have the following problem with ufw/iptables: When I start/reboot my computer, ufw fails to load:               # ufw status          Status: inactive      I did enable it:               # systemctl enable ufw      Still I do have many chains defined in iptables:               # iptables -L          Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination              ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             ctstate     RELATED,ESTABLISHED     ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 INPUT_direct  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 INPUT_ZONES  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere                 REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             reject-with     icmp-host-prohibited          Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination              ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             ctstate     RELATED,ESTABLISHED     ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FORWARD_direct  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FORWARD_IN_ZONES  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FORWARD_OUT_ZONES  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere                 REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             reject-with     icmp-host-prohibited          Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination              OUTPUT_direct  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                      Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination              FWDI_public  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            [goto]      FWDI_public  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            [goto]           Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination              FWDO_public  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            [goto]      FWDO_public  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            [goto]           Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FORWARD_direct (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FWDI_public (2 references)     target     prot opt source               destination              FWDI_public_log  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FWDI_public_deny  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FWDI_public_allow  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                      Chain FWDI_public_allow (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FWDI_public_deny (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FWDI_public_log (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FWDO_public (2 references)     target     prot opt source               destination              FWDO_public_log  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FWDO_public_deny  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 FWDO_public_allow  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                      Chain FWDO_public_allow (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FWDO_public_deny (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain FWDO_public_log (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain INPUT_ZONES (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination              IN_public  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            [goto]      IN_public  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            [goto]           Chain INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain INPUT_direct (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain IN_public (2 references)     target     prot opt source               destination              IN_public_log  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 IN_public_deny  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                 IN_public_allow  all  --  anywhere             anywhere                      Chain IN_public_allow (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination              ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:ssh     ctstate NEW          Chain IN_public_deny (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain IN_public_log (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination                   Chain OUTPUT_direct (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination               I can manually enable ufw:               # ufw enable          Firewall is active and enabled on system startup      Policies are set to "Allow", and no other rules are defined:               # ufw status verbose          Status: active     Logging: on (full)     Default: allow (incoming), allow (outgoing)     New profiles: skip      Still, my incoming connections get dropped.   * How can I make ufw start automatically?   * Why does iptables still drop connections, although I configured ufw to allow everything? I'd be very grateful for any pointers in the right direction! Thank you for your time!


title: Figuring out physical cache layout in FreeBSD

text: I'm trying to figure out they physical cache layout of my CPU in FreeBSD 10. I see the following from               sysctl kern.sched.topology_spec          kern.sched.topology_spec: <groups>      <group level="1" cache-level="0">       <cpu count="4" mask="f">0, 1, 2, 3</cpu>       <children>        <group level="2" cache-level="2">         <cpu count="4" mask="f">0, 1, 2, 3</cpu>        </group>       </children>      </group>     </groups>      However, I know that this doesn't match the datasheet for my CPU and dmidecode shows that it is unified L2 as well. Is there anywhere else that might be worth looking? Or, if the datasheet is incorrect, how could I verify this? This is for an Intel® Xeon® Processor E5320. From third party websites, this processor should have 2MB per core of L2 cache which is not what is being reported.


title: List installed, top-level packages in Fedora

text: I used to use yum to list all installed packages:               yum list installed      Now I need to list top level packages only i.e. if a package is a dependency of another, it should not be shown. GNOME's _Add/Remove Software_ can do this but I need the output in a terminal. I checked yum manual but I could not find a switch for that.


title: mutt: gmail IMAP unresponsive

text: I read gmail via IMAP with the `mutt` MUA. If I leave `mutt` open and idle for several minutes, then the program becomes unresponsive to keyboard input, requiring me to kill the process. I am not certain whether the issue is IMAP timeout or something else. I have changed pertinent IMAP settings to values that should preclude IMAP timeout. Relevant settings from my `.muttrc` configuration file:               unset imap_passive     set imap_keepalive = 120     set timeout = 30     set mail_check = 60      How can I troubleshoot the keyboard unresponsiveness especially with regard to determining whether it is attributable to loss of the IMAP connection. Thanks.


title: How can I substitute into this shell command?

text: I have a `find` command that I want to substitute a list of GIDs into. Here's the command: `find / -follow \( -group 39 -o -acl_group 39 \) -exec ls -ln {} \; 2> $HOME/error.39.log 1> $HOME/results.39.log` I also have a file with the contents:               3       100005       21       7         How can I substitute each entry in the file into the `find` command in turn so that a separate output and error file is created for each?


title: How to view second hard drive with Windows 7 in Linux

text: I have one PC with two disk drives. The first one has Win 7 Pro on it (sda1). The second drive has Linux CentOS 7 (sda). I want to be able to access everything in sda1 while I am running CentOS from sda. I tried mounting it, but I got the following error: what I tried: mount /dev/sda1 /media/windrive The error I got: mount: unknown filesystem type 'ntfs'


title: Split log file by time range

text: I have a log file and would like to cut it into copies of 15min. In the log file the lines start with:               dd mmm yyyy hh:mm:ss,xxx       e.g.               12 Feb 2013 16:05:02,xxx log text...      and the file rotates every hour so I would like to take a copy of the log file, split it into 15min of logging and have say 4 log files.


title: What does this regular expression do?

text: I have been provided a %post script inside a spec file to edit a config file (called foo). I have ben tasked with writing another, almost identical script to edit a file called 'bar'. While my solution for 'bar' technically works, it is dramatically different semantically. The custodian is requesting I rewrite it for consistency. foo.groovy before               messageQueue.secretKey = "<ENTER-KEY-HERE>"       foo.groovy after               messageQueue.secretKey = "y775hUYKR1Bm4gUWNRbzqg65"      The script given me is the following:               %define oauth_client_Secret \     echo "  Setting the message queue secret key..." \     MESSAGEQUEUESECRETKEY=`dd if=/dev/urandom count=16 bs=1 2>/dev/null | base64` \     for config_file in `find /opt/foo/etc -name *.groovy` \     do \     sed -i -e "/messageQueue.secretKey/ { " \\\             -e "    s?^//\s*??" \\\             -e "    s?<ENTER-KEY-HERE>?${MESSAGEQUEUESECRETKEY}?" \\\             -e "}" \\\         ${config_file} \     done      What I am trying to figure out:   1. What does this regex do? `s?^//\s*??"` I assume it is looking for an equals sign?   2. What is the purpose of the trailing slashes ? `\\\`   3. Why did the previous author surround the expression in brackets `{ }` ? * * * For reference, here is my script (for bar), that I am trying to rewrite to match the above script (for foo) bar.groovy before               clientSecret:"<ENTER-CLIENTSECRET-HERE>",      bar.groovy after               clientSecret:"4gUWNRbzqg65y775hUYKR1Bm",      bar script               %define oauth_client_Secret \     echo "  Generating oauth clientSecret..." \     MESSAGEQUEUESECRETKEY=`dd if=/dev/urandom count=16 bs=1 2>/dev/null | base64` \     for config_file in `find /opt/bar/etc -name *.groovy` \     do \     sed -i "s/<ENTER-CLIENTSECRET-HERE>/${MESSAGEQUEUESECRETKEY}/g" ${config_file} \     done


title: Command to move a window to all desktops

text: I'd like to be able to move (pin) an existing window to all desktops using a scriptable command, rather than through the window menu. `wmctrl -r <WIN> -t <DESK>` will move a window to a different desktop, but I haven't found a way to use this to cause the window to be displayed on all desktops. `wmctrl -l` shows `-1` as the desktop number for windows which are displayed on all desktops, but passing `-1` to `-t` doesn't work. An unresolved fedora bug report seems to address this issue: apparently the -1 value is used internally by `wmctrl`, and for this reason cannot be passed to `-t`. The bug report also mentions window can be pinned with some window managers by giving the target window the _sticky_ property. However, I'm running openbox and this approach does not seem to work for me. There is actually a patch posted to that bug report; I haven't tried using it. It is from 2009. I'd prefer to avoid patching `wmctrl` or anything else. Is there another way to script this behaviour that will work under openbox?


title: bash set env variable is not working in pdsh

text: I am using PDSH to control multiple servers through one command line. The command below works fine on individual servers, but when I enter the export command within PDSH, echoing it back is empty. Any ideas on why this is, or how to fix it? **Specific example:** This works just fine:               # export CRAWL_DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d);     # echo $CRAWL_DATE     20131206      but in PDSH, it echos blank values:               pdsh> export CRAWL_DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d);     pdsh> echo $CRAWL_DATE;     <IP 1>:      <IP 2>:


title: How to "rpm -i" a package only when an older version does not exist?

text: I wish to install some RPM packages from a shell script. I want to ensure that each package is indeed installed, but I do not want to update a package that would already have an older version installed (to avoid going to deep into dependency resolution). How can I achieve this in such a way, that a case where an older version is already installed will return without an error code, while in other cases of failures there will be an error code returned? This so that I am able to control the good execution of the script.


title: Debian unstable: ia32-libs can not be used

text: After an dist-upgrade within Debian unstable (amd64) I can not use 32 bit programs anymore, because `ia32-libs` is not possible to install:               # apt-get install ia32-libs     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have     requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable     distribution that some required packages have not yet been created     or been moved out of Incoming.     The following information may help to resolve the situation:          The following packages have unmet dependencies:      ia32-libs : Depends: ia32-libs-i386     E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.          # apt-get install ia32-libs-i386     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have     requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable     distribution that some required packages have not yet been created     or been moved out of Incoming.     The following information may help to resolve the situation:          The following packages have unmet dependencies:      ia32-libs-i386:i386 : Depends: libcups2:i386 (>= 1.4.4-7+squeeze1) but it is not going to be installed                            Depends: libcurl3:i386 (>= 7.21.0-2) but it is not going to be installed                            Depends: libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 (>= 1.8.3+dfsg-4squeeze2) but it is not going to be installed                            Depends: libk5crypto3:i386 (>= 1.8.3+dfsg-4squeeze2) but it is not going to be installed                            Depends: libkrb5-3:i386 (>= 1.8.3+dfsg-4squeeze2) but it is not going to be installed                            Depends: libkrb5support0:i386 (>= 1.8.3+dfsg-4squeeze2) but it is not going to be installed     E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.      What can I do, to run e.g. google-earth?


title: Running services without sudo

text: I want to run a nodeJS web server on a couple of machines which I don't have sudo access on. What would be a good way to do this? The two requirements are:   1. running the service without being logged in (obviously)   2. automatically restarting if the machine is rebooted. For 1., I've typically used `nohup` but is this a reasonable approach for production instances? For 2., I can (hackily) add a `crontab` that starts the service, which will simply fail if it's already running. Is there a better way? These servers are RHEL, but I'd prefer solutions that would also work for Ubuntu, if possible.


title: How do I set time and date from the Internet?

text: How do I retrieve the date from the Internet and set my computer's clock, from the command line?


title: How to find where a library is installed?

text: I have installed libgoogle-perftools-dev via software center in Ubuntu 12.04. As suggested by http://pj.freefaculty.org/blog/?p=140, I want to add to my cpp file:               #include <gperftools/profiler.h>      But the compiler says                gperftools/profiler.h: No such file or directory      I tried to find where it is:               $ locate -i gperftools      no return, and               $ locate -i "profiler.h"      returns               /usr/include/c++/4.6/profile/impl/profiler.h     /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-23-generic-pae/include/config/function/profiler.h      which I am not sure if are for `gperftools`. So I wonder how to find   * where libgoogle-perftools-dev is installed?   * where gperftools/profiler.h is located?


title: Search for a text in Linux but don't display the complete line in results

text: I'm using grep to do this, like:               grep someText file.log      But this returns the complete line in results. If `someText` is found in the middle of a line I don't want to ouput the whole line, just the part after and including the `someText`. Is there a way to achieve this?


title: vim: hide status line in the bottom

text: Sometimes I work with really small terminal windows and need every piece of space available. So I want to hide the vim status line. I already `set laststatus=0` this hides one of the status lines. But there is still another one with the content `-- INSERT --` and `"filename.ext" 22L 500C`. How can I hide this line?


title: Divorced input line in GNU Screen

text: Is it possible to divorce my input from the overall shell using Screen? What I'm aiming for is akin to a status line that expands if I type more than would fit within a single line and is 'submitted'/'sent' to the shell when I press enter. I'm looking to put together a simple configuration to use as a MUSH/MUD/MUCK/MOO client using screen+telnet. The current issue with using telnet is that data sent from the remote server is inserted at the cursor position, which sucks badly if you're typing a lengthy paragraph.


title: BTX loader manual

text: I Can't find any good manual/reference about BTX bootloader integrated into FreeBSD. Especially I would like to know:   * if it's functionality resembles GRUB 2. For example, if it can boot OS other than FreeBSD   * how to edit it's boot menu, what options are available   * how to use it's command line ( I know there is help in command line, but it's very base )   * how to 'troubleshoot' Do you know any good resources ?


title: Is it possible to cancel a job in the printer spooler with cancel -a

text: I need to cancel a printing job in a printer cause the job I want to send is a "high priority" job. I have CentOS 6.2 installed. I know that with CUPS and `cancel -a` I can cancel all local printer jobs BUT :   1. Does the spooler cancelling is limited to the local spooler (the computer) or can I cancel all jobs even those coming from other computers?   2. Does it do the same if the printer is linked by usb or by the network?


title: Linking option while installing Linux

text: I have installed Linux kernel from source. The way I do this is that I first do `make menuconfig` and then `make` inside the root directory of the source code. As a result of this I get a an image file which I have to run. My question is do I have control over linking also? make would do both compilation and linking. What I want is just compile and stop, then inspect the compiled files, and then issue command for linking, finally generating the image. Is it possible, how?


title: Intermittent freezes

text: I have a PC running RHEL6.5, and had a new problem emerge yesterday after installing a new video card (Radeon HD5450, PCIe1x) and configuring it to use three monitors (connected via DisplayPort, DVI, and VGA). Previously, it was using the motherboard video with a single monitor. Once or twice per hour, the system appears to freeze. Sometimes the mouse pointer disappears, sometimes it simply becomes immobile. Keyboard input appears to be buffered during the freeze & executed once the freeze ends 5-10 seconds later. In other words, if I do something like `ctrl`+`tab` while it's frozen, it has no immediate effect, but once the computer comes back to life a few seconds later, it launches the Gnome task launcher. I'm not sure about mouse input... I've never had the pointer freeze over something potentially-clickable to see whether the click was buffered. I've never managed to observe it happening when there was sound playing in the background, so I don't know whether the freezes begin and end with desktop- rendering, or involve some deeper scheduling problem. There seems to be some correlation with rendering activity, like navigating to a new URL in Firefox & having the system freeze a moment after it renders the initial view of the page. If it's a hardware problem, then it's probably something endemic to the design or implementation itself, and not a random build-quality defect. I have 4 coworkers with identical hardware who've all reported the same problem. I know that under Windows (Vista, in particular), this problem is usually caused by over-aggressive IRQ-sharing. **Update** The hangs seem to be 3-4 seconds, and there are entries in /var/log/Xorg.0.log like the following whose timestamps appear to correlate with the beginning of the freeze:               [  4782.094] AUDIT: Tue Jun 10 16:24:53 2014: 4963: client 37 connected from local host ( uid=999 gid=999 pid=5339 )       Auth name: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 ID: 741     [  4782.094] AUDIT: Tue Jun 10 16:24:53 2014: 4963: client 37 disconnected      If I press and release the `Ctrl` key during a freeze (I enabled "locate mouse" to help recognize freezes), it has no effect at the moment I press it... but the blue aura appears the moment everything else unfreezes 2-3 seconds later. I looked up the pids of the last few entries in the log... Most were Nautilus, a few were Brasero (CD/DVD burning). The optical drive has no disc. Perhaps the second or two hang is being caused by something trying to autoprobe for a nonexistent optical disc that hangs everything else until it times out? (side question: is it even _possible_ for a badly-behaving app to swallow & hold on to the mouse pointer or hang the UI? Or, in theory at least, is the window manager supposed to be completely indifferent to the state of the running apps and the rest of the OS?) **UPDATE 2** Looking at the timestamps in Xorg.0.log, the hangs are happening almost like clockwork every 2:49... 4:41:47, 4:44:36, 4:47:25, 4:50:14, etc.


title: Number of processors in /proc/cpuinfo

text: While i was learning about cpu load i came to know that it depends on numbers of core. if i have 2 cores then load 2 will give 100% cpu utilization. So i tried to find out cores.( i already know that system has 2 cores, 4 threads so 2 virtual cores Check here about processor).So i ran `cat /proc/cpuinfo` Which gave me               processor   : 0     vendor_id   : GenuineIntel     cpu family  : 6     model       : 69     model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz     stepping    : 1     microcode   : 0x17     cpu MHz     : 774.000     cache size  : 4096 KB     physical id : 0     siblings    : 4     core id     : 0     cpu cores   : 2     apicid      : 0     initial apicid  : 0     fpu     : yes     fpu_exception   : yes     cpuid level : 13     wp      : yes     flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid     bogomips    : 3591.40     clflush size    : 64     cache_alignment : 64     address sizes   : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual     power management:          processor   : 1     vendor_id   : GenuineIntel     cpu family  : 6     model       : 69     model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz     stepping    : 1     microcode   : 0x17     cpu MHz     : 1600.000     cache size  : 4096 KB     physical id : 0     siblings    : 4     core id     : 0     cpu cores   : 2     apicid      : 1     initial apicid  : 1     fpu     : yes     fpu_exception   : yes     cpuid level : 13     wp      : yes     flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid     bogomips    : 3591.40     clflush size    : 64     cache_alignment : 64     address sizes   : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual     power management:          processor   : 2     vendor_id   : GenuineIntel     cpu family  : 6     model       : 69     model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz     stepping    : 1     microcode   : 0x17     cpu MHz     : 800.000     cache size  : 4096 KB     physical id : 0     siblings    : 4     core id     : 1     cpu cores   : 2     apicid      : 2     initial apicid  : 2     fpu     : yes     fpu_exception   : yes     cpuid level : 13     wp      : yes     flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid     bogomips    : 3591.40     clflush size    : 64     cache_alignment : 64     address sizes   : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual     power management:          processor   : 3     vendor_id   : GenuineIntel     cpu family  : 6     model       : 69     model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz     stepping    : 1     microcode   : 0x17     cpu MHz     : 774.000     cache size  : 4096 KB     physical id : 0     siblings    : 4     core id     : 1     cpu cores   : 2     apicid      : 3     initial apicid  : 3     fpu     : yes     fpu_exception   : yes     cpuid level : 13     wp      : yes     flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid     bogomips    : 3591.40     clflush size    : 64     cache_alignment : 64     address sizes   : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual     power management:      Now i am totally confused. it gives 4 proessor. with 2 cpu cores. Can anyone explain this output ? Once my cpu load was 3.70, Is this maximum load? Still at that time cpu was at <50%. What about turbo boost ? Are all cores are turbo boosted or only physical ? Any method in ubuntu to get current cpu freq. if processor is on turbo boost or not. **Edit :** Load was to 3.70 about 100%. But CPU usage wasn't 100% because of IO response time.This does not means that IO device will be at maximum speed, but io device will be 100% busy, which sometimes affects applications using IO ex: music may break.


title: What is "kernel dynamic memory" as reported by smem?

text: While diagnosing low memory problems in my desktop machine (details at U&L) I've noticed that my noncache "kernel dynamic memory" is _big_ :               # smem -twk     Area                           Used      Cache   Noncache      firmware/hardware                 0          0          0      kernel image                      0          0          0      kernel dynamic memory          1.1G     369.3M     801.7M      userspace memory               2.0G     133.3M       1.9G      free memory                  734.1M     734.1M          0      ----------------------------------------------------------                                    3.9G       1.2G       2.7G      On two other systems I checked it was 150MiB (also a desktop, but with 8GiB or RAM) and 29MiB. Nowhere near the 20% of my desktop machine. How can I find out what makes it this large? BTW: I already checked `smem` sources, it basically does (memtotal - userspace - free - cache). `/proc/meminfo`:               # cat /proc/meminfo      MemTotal:        4051956 kB     MemFree:          508276 kB     Buffers:           35232 kB     Cached:           651052 kB     SwapCached:       121380 kB     Active:          1358008 kB     Inactive:        1351596 kB     Active(anon):    1184616 kB     Inactive(anon):   886904 kB     Active(file):     173392 kB     Inactive(file):   464692 kB     Unevictable:        8616 kB     Mlocked:            8616 kB     SwapTotal:       4051952 kB     SwapFree:        3815780 kB     Dirty:               348 kB     Writeback:             0 kB     AnonPages:       1971164 kB     Mapped:           140108 kB     Shmem:             44656 kB     Slab:             176564 kB     SReclaimable:      62080 kB     SUnreclaim:       114484 kB     KernelStack:        3352 kB     PageTables:        43012 kB     NFS_Unstable:          0 kB     Bounce:                0 kB     WritebackTmp:          0 kB     CommitLimit:     6077928 kB     Committed_AS:    3681164 kB     VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB     VmallocUsed:      139780 kB     VmallocChunk:   34359570976 kB     HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB     AnonHugePages:    448512 kB     HugePages_Total:       0     HugePages_Free:        0     HugePages_Rsvd:        0     HugePages_Surp:        0     Hugepagesize:       2048 kB     DirectMap4k:     2536128 kB     DirectMap2M:     1656832 kB


title: Does networkmanager supports LEAP/WPA2/AES?

text: I know I will have to connect through wireless that is using WPA2/LEAP/AES. Will my networkmanager connect to this network? UPDATE: then why can't I find "AES" or CCMP in my nm-applet on Ubuntu 10.04?