title: Ubuntu and Fedora with slow intervals

text: I recently switched from Windows 7 to Linux and am completely new to this operating system. Although I am convinced by its advantages, an insurmountable problem has come up during this transition. Both Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and Fedora 17 exhibit brief intervals of normal operation, alternated by periods of extreme lag. The latter are characterized by drop-down lists that barely open, slow switching between programs, buttons that become highlighted only after a few seconds, etc. After some time my radiator roars for 10 seconds, the whole systems accelerates and becomes (very) fast again. Turning off some visual gimmicks doesn't help. My current set-up: Asus N53S, Intel Core i7-2670QM, 2.2 GHz, 8 GB RAM.


title: Custom shortcut to i3lock screen

text: I'm having difficulties with creating a custom keyboard shortcut. I'm trying to lock my screen using `i3lock` with a picture. From the terminal, the command               i3lock -i ~/Pictures/lock.png      works like charm. When I go `System Settings -> Keyboard -> Custom Shortcut` what do I write into the `Command` line? I've tried:               gnome-terminal -e "i3lock -i ~/Pictures/lock.png"      but it doesn't work.


title: Is it possible to stop a shutdown command?

text: Assuming you've just entered the command `shutdown -h now` (or something equivalent), is there realistically anything you can do (if you're quick enough) to prevent the machine shutting down?


title: Rsync protocol name full path,not a module

text: Is it possible to name the full path to source directory in rsync command instead of the name of the module. For example:               rsync -av rsync://10.171.73.23/home/user/work/tests .      instead of :               rsync -av rsync://10.171.73.23/ftp/work/tests .      (ftp is a module from /etc/rstncd.conf) When trying the first version I get `'@ERROR: Unknown module 'home''`


title: What does \? mean in a regular expression?

text: The following command is used to search for a 7-digit phone number:               grep "[[:digit:]]\{3\}[ -]\?[[:digit:]]\{4\}" file      What does `\?` stand for?


title: Are there any repositories for Fedora 3?

text: Is there any alive repository for my Fedora Core 3 Linux? (I want to use the `yum` command but one error comes and tells that `base url is not valid`) Any help to find any alive repository is very much appreciated :)


title: bash event not found trying to match and exclude parenthesis in grep

text: In a very long line I'll summarize with:               (foo),(bar,baz(word,right),(end)      I want to print only:                     (bar,baz(word,right      To match the second parenthesis, I exclude the word that follows the third one:               $ grep -oP "\\(.*(?!word).*right"      but Bash interprets the exclamation mark: > -bash: !word: event not found Protecting the exclamation mark with single quote fails with `grep: missing )`               $ grep -oP '\\(.*(?!word).*right'     $ grep -oP '\\((?!word)(.*right)'      Protecting the exclamation mark with backslash fails with `grep: unrecognized character after (? or (?-` Any idea? Note: `-P` is for Perl regex and `-o` is to print only the matching part of a line


title: Compiling FreeRTOS on ubuntu

text: How could I compile the FreeRTOS Source Code and run it (possibly on qemu) on Ubuntu 11.04?


title: RHEL 7.0 can't connect to internet

text: I'm setting up a new RHEL 7.0 installation (we're running the trial), but I can't get it to connect to the internet from command line. I'm trying to add these repos, as I currently have 0 installed, but I get `curl: (6) Could not resolve host: URL; Unknown error`. I just tried to `wget` a file and it just sits indefinitely. I cannot ping the server from my local network. `ifconfig eth0` results are shown below.               eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.201.92  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.201.255         inet6 fe80::215::5dff:feca:963e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         ether 00:15:5d:ca:96:3e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 704958  bytes 80931741 (77.1 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 36906  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 84  bytes 10038 (9.8 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0      Per request, here is `ip ro`. `/etc/resolv.conf` exists but is blank.               default via 192.168.201.199 dev eth0  proto static  metric 1024     192.168.201.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.201.92      * * * I found a typo in my config file, and I can now `wget` files. The `rpm` commands given in the above linked article are still failing with the given error.


title: Is it possible to put arithmetic expressions in a crontab?

text: I know I can do simple arithmetic in shell scripts, like so:               #!/bin/bash     ((sum = 1 + 2))     echo sum      This will output 3 on execution. My question now is, can this kind of expressions be used in crontab? For example, see this line:               03,13,23,33,43,53 * * * * ~/DoSomeStuff.sh      The minutes could be specified as `x+3` with `x` the expression `*/10`, which can be used in crontabs. However, simply writing `*/10+3` or `((*/10+3))` wont work. Is there any way to do this? And what is the correct syntax? The alternative, that certainly works, is putting a `sleep 3m`. I'm just wondering if the arithmetic way of doing it is somehow possible.


title: Create map network_iface_name <--> IPv4 address

text: I'd like to implement a bash script that creates a mapping between the network cards (or interfaces) names in my computer and their IP address (in CIDR format, if possible). The goal is having something like an associative array, or a file looking like:               lo: "127.0.0.1/8"     eth0: "192.168.1.123/24"     br-priv: ""      # <-- No IP assigned     wlan0: "10.42.0.10/24"      I have the `ifconfig` and the `ip` commands available, but the parsing of their outputs is a bit tricky, because the IP address and the interface's name don't appear in the same line so I would have to find the interface IP address and then rollback to find the network's name, or viceversa. Is there any other way to find my interfaces IP addresses? I have all the interfaces names (as directory names) under `/sys/class/net/`               root@borrajax:~# ls /sys/class/net/     br-priv/   eth0/    lo/    mon0/   wlan0/      But I haven't been able to find their IP in those directories. Doing that would be great, because I could just walk the directory, retrieve the directory's name and then read the IP from some other file. This is intended to run in an embedded system running OpenWRT, but a solution for a Debian based system might be suitable. My `bash`'s version is 4.2.28, just in case.


title: xmodmap -e 'remove mod2 = Num_Lock' NumLock not working with Citrix Session

text: I've installed CentOS 6.5 - 32-bit and am using GNOME, connecting to a Citrix App server. While connecting, I'm not able to use the `Numlock` in the session. So from a blog I've found how to fix this usijg the following command:               xmodmap -e 'remove mod2 = Num_Lock'      After executing this command, `Numlock` works fine within the Citrix session, but the Numlock LED is no longer lighting up (on/off) when pressed. When the session is closed, the `Numlock` continues to not work in other Linux apps until the above command is executed from a terminal.


title: Treatment of backslashes across shells

text: How do `echo` and `printf` treat backslashes in `zsh`, `bash` and other shells? Under **zsh** I get the following behavior:               $ echo "foo\bar\baz"     foaaz     $ echo "foo\\bar\\baz"     foaaz     $ echo 'foo\bar\baz'     foaaz     $ echo 'foo\\bar\\baz'     foo\bar\baz      Under **bash** , things seem a bit more consistent:               bash$ echo "foo\bar\baz"     foo\bar\baz     bash$ echo 'foo\bar\baz'     foo\bar\baz     bash$      But more concretely: **How can I pass a string containing backslashes such as`\\\foo\bar\something`** to:   * `echo`   * `printf`   * `print` **and get exactly the same string?** (in `zsh` and `bash`)? Here is another experiment with functions in zsh:               function foo     {         echo -E '$1'     }          $ foo \\here\is\some\path     $1      How can I have it just print `\\\here\is\some\path`? ### Update (Note: this has now been answered in Stephane's comment) I have tried the following in zsh 5.0.2:               function foo     {         printf '$s\n' $1      }          foo '\\some\path'      But this prints `$s` ?


title: Can groff create a ps file with interpreted ANSI escape characters?

text: This question is inspired by this one on SU. How can I print bold or color using `lp` and ANSI escape sequences? I know how to display, for example, bold text in the terminal: > $ echo -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold\033[00;0m,this will not'   >  **this text will be bold** ,this will not However, when I pipe this directly to `lp` I get a file that looks like this:               01;1mthis text will be bold00;0m,this will not      So, I figure the way to do this would be to use `groff` to create a postscript file and print that. It looks like `groff` should be able to do this, I know it can correctly convert a man page to a ps file and keep whatever is bold in the man page bold in the postscript. However, the `groff` documentation is enormous and kind of esoteric to someone with no postscript experience. I have tried various combinations of options, all of which result in a postscript file that looks like the line above:               echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold\033[00;0m,this will not' | groff >a.ps     echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold\033[00;0m,this will not' | groff -c >a.ps     echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold\033[00;0m,this will not' | groff -Pc >a.ps     echo  -e '\033\[01;1m\]this text will be bold\033\[00;0m\],this will not' | groff -Tascii >a.ps      echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold'| groff -man >a.ps      echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold'| groff -mdoc >a.ps      echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold'| groff -me >a.ps     echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold'| groff -mm >a.ps     echo  -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold'| groff -ms >a.ps      So, how can I use `lp` and `groff` or any other tool combination to print bold or colored text from the terminal?


title: Hardware and software inventorying

text: ### Objective Collect hardware and software information from lab computers, respecting students' privacy. ### Type of information to collect Examples:   * System memory   * Bash verion   * JVM version   * Operating system version (build/last update) ### User base   * OS X   * Linux   * FreeBSD ### Type of information to _avoid_ collecting   * CPU serial number   * Computer serial number (e.g. output of `sudo lshw`)   * Network interface card MAC address ### Method of delivery   * Clients join the lab network and execute a Bash script as plain users (i.e. not `root`) ### Constraints   * No backgrounding of processes   * No installation of custom software outside distribution packages   * No reading of any personal data, anywhere   * No agents   * No self-scheduling of re-execution at a later time/date   * Script to be kept open-source, students can look at it at any time (full transparency) ### Permissible to do   * Block network access until the script has been run ( _notice: code that does this exists already, actually keeping the VLAN shut until the "report" has been sent back and validated.. no need to code this_ )   * If only a user has 16GB of RAM, although that uniquely identifies him/her, that's fine ### Example of acceptable commands               printf -v operating_system \               'OS X v%s (build %s)' \               $(sw_vers -productVersion) \               $(sw_vers -buildVersion)      or                local -r linux_kernel_version=$(uname -r)      printf -v operating_system \                'Linux (kernel %s)' \                "$linux_kernel_version"      if [[ -f /etc/issue ]]; then        operating_system+=" $(cat /etc/issue | sed 's/ \\n \\l//g')"      fi      ### Condition _If this kind of script is available already somewhere else, a user profile "sanitised" not to contain any personally identifiable info, useful to a support centre, I have picked the wrong project. Much better to use an existing framework and direct my learner's energies somewhere else._


title: How to run "find -exec <script> {}\;

text: I have a script that changes the properties of the files for a folder. Here is the example tree:               dir 1         --file 1         --file 2         --file 3     dir 2         --file 1         --file 2     dir 3         --file 1         --file 2         --file 3      I am running this command on the terminal for which I wan to run the shell script (script.sh) for every directory               find . -type d -exec ./script.sh {}\;      it does not run and errors' this:               find: missing argument to `-exec'      What am I missing here?


title: Can't yum WINE from repo - No package wine available

text: I'm trying to install WINE on Centos 5.10 as per some instructions I wrote last year using this instruction:               # yum install wine      However when run, it can't find any package under that name:               # yum install wine      Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security      Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile      * base: mirror.mhd.uk.as44574.net      * extras: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net      * updates: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net     Setting up Install Process     No package wine available.     Nothing to do      I tried saving the RPMs from the Centos 5.10 livecd locally and using them as a repo but it's not found there either. How can I install WINE via yum without having to resort to RPMs?


title: Increase brightness in a part of the display

text: I have a laptop with a damaged screen: while it displays an image, one half of it is darker than the other half. Is there any tool to increase the brightness of only a single part of the display? I managed to make things slightly better by playing with `xgamma`, but it's not quite what I want.


title: How to do df only on root partition?

text: How can get df results only for `/` partition. The partition name/identification (`/dev/sda2`, `/dev/cciss/c0d0p1`) could vary on different computers.


title: Do Solaris 10 and 11 still use slab allocation for their kernel memory allocator

text: If not, what do they use. Please provide a source.


title: I want completely remove Fedora 16 from PC

text: As my title says I want to remove Fedora 16 from my system and reinstall later. I have dual boot to Windows. So can anyone help me to get out of this?


title: Install Edimax EW-7612UAn wireless on CentOS 6.5

text: Does anyone know how to install the driver for Edimax EW-7612UAn on CentOS 6.5? I've tried to install it on Ubuntu, but I never gotten it to work. EDIT: Here is an attempt building a downloaded driver from the answer from slm:               Authentication requested [root] for make driver:     make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64/build M=/home/kristjan/Downloads/RTL8192CU_linux_v3.0.2164.20110715_EDIMAX EW-7612UAn V2/RTL8192CU_8188CUS_8188CE-VAU_linux_v3.0.2164.20110715/driver/rtl8192_8188CU_linux_v3.0.2164.20110715  modules     make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64'     make[1]: *** No rule to make target `EW-7612UAn'.  Stop.     make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64'     make: *** [modules] Error 2     Compile make driver error: 2, Please check error Mesg


title: Public key problem when installing ovirt on aws

text: I started an instance on AWS with centos 6.4. I ran the following two commands:               $ yum localinstall http://resources.ovirt.org/releases/ovirt-release.noarch.rpm     $ yum -y install ovirt-engine      I got the following messages: > warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: > NOKEY > > Public key for python-websockify-0.5.1-1.el6.noarch.rpm is not installed How can I solve this public key problem?


title: Daemons fall into what category?

text: Above system call, there are library routines, utilities and applications. Do daemons fall into any of these categories or they have their own category?


title: Software RAID 10 + LVM on mixed drives, sector alignment?

text: I have 4 2.5" 7.2k drives lying about and I'd like to build some RAID arrays for a bit of VM storage on my KVM lab box. There are 2x 320GB drives and 2x 500GB drives. I'm looking to create a RAID 10 array using 4x 320GB partitions. Then the remaining 180GB on the 500GB drives I'll build into a RAID 5 partition with another spare drive. I realise that performance will take a hit because there'll be contention on 2 of the drives in the RAID 10 array and using non-matched drives is also not-optimal but this is solely for a lab/test environment. Initially I thought I would just create 4 matching partitions, create the RAID 10 array, LVM on top of that and done. But once I started looking into LVM on top of raid and 4k disks the subject of sector/block alignment came up and now I don't know where to start. The 320GB drives report Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes The 500GB drives report Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes So from some reading there are the following variables that I need to take into account for this:   * Partition start/alignment   * RAID stripe size   * RAID superblock position (?)   * LVM PV --dataalignment   * then alignment of any file systems in the LVs Here are the resources that I am basing this on: http://askubuntu.com/a/19572 and http://tytso.livejournal.com/2009/02/20 In some brief exchanges on IRC I have also received conflicing advice, that mdadm, the LVM tools and even fdisk are clever enough these days to take this into account and that I shouldn't worry. Is that the case? Is anyone able to run through what I'd need to do in this specific case to get optimal alignment/sector/stripe size? Please try and ignore the fact that the mixed drives mean the whole thing isn't optimal to start with, as I said, this is a test/lab environment.


title: apt-get doesn't upgrade openssl on debian 7

text: I'm facing the following problem. If I run the command `sudo apt-get upgrade`, I get:               Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     The following packages have been kept back:       libssl1.0.0:i386     0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.      and if I run `sudo apt-get install libssl1.0.0:i386`               Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming.     The following information may help to resolve the situation:          The following packages have unmet dependencies:      apache2-mpm-prefork : Depends: apache2.2-bin (= 2.2.22-13+deb7u1) but it is not going to be installed      apache2.2-common : Depends: apache2.2-bin (= 2.2.22-13+deb7u1) but it is not going to be installed                     Depends: apache2-utils but it is not going to be installed                     Recommends: ssl-cert but it is not going to be installed      libssl1.0.0 : Breaks: libssl1.0.0:i386 (!= 1.0.1e-2+deb7u6) but 1.0.1e 2+deb7u7 is to be installed      libssl1.0.0:i386 : Breaks: libssl1.0.0 (!= 1.0.1e-2+deb7u7) but 1.0.1e-2+deb7u6 is to be installed     E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.      I'm using Debian 7 64. Could you please explain what's really going on? Is there somethign wrong in my server? Thank you.


title: Can't get upstart service to honor capabilities(7)

text: I am developing a daemon started by `upstart` (Ubuntu 14.04) which needs to run as a non-privileged user (for security), but bind privileged port 443. I am using `setcap` to set the `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE` capability for the executable (it's not a script). I am setting it in Permitted, Effective, and Inherited sets (`setcap 'cap_net_bind_service+eip' EXEC`). I can `su` to the non-privileged user, and run it directly, and it works perfectly. It correctly binds the port, and `/proc/PID/status` shows the proper capabilities masks with `0x400` bit set. But when I start the service via `upstart` it does not run with the capabilities specified for the binary, and the `bind()` fails (`EPERM`). `/proc/PID/status` shows capabilities masks are all 0. Any ideas?


title: Connect to the Internet on a VPN connected server without Internet

text: I've a remote server which is not connected to the internet, but I can connect from via SSH to it through a VPN tunnel. On this client I got internet. Is it possible 'get internet' from the client through the VPN conection? The server is a Debian 7 machine.


title: Kill all queued jobs

text: I need to kill all the queued and running jobs on my ID. I have tried                  at -l | awk '{print $1}'| at -r {}      But I keep getting                  {} does not exist      Which leads me to believe that I am parsing the statement wrong. I have never worked with piping output, could someone help me out?


title: Find pattern and move

text: I'm wondering if anybody knows how to find a pattern and then move it to a different location. For example, I have many files named:               odbc.ini_20110630     odbc.ini_20110639     odbc.ini_20110643     etc... I want to search the pattern of just `odbc.ini` and move all of them to a different folder. I'm not too familiar with how to execute two commands at one time (piping).


title: Why does initramfs mount the root filesystem read-only

text: What is the reason for the root filesystem being mounted `ro` in the initramfs (and in initrd). For example the Gentoo initramfs guide mounts the root filesystem with:               mount -o ro /dev/sda1 /mnt/root      Why not the following?               mount -o rw /dev/sda1 /mnt/root      I can see that there is a probably a good reason (and it probably involves `switchroot`), however it does not seem to be documented anywhere.


title: Suspend from console without leaving authenticated terminam on wake up

text: I want to suspend my computer from terminal (one obtained by CTR+ALT+F1). If I call:               # echo -n mem > /sys/power/state       after wakeup I'm leaving authenticated console with (possibly) root credentials open to anyone. Is there any elegant way to suspend computer without leaving this console open? Background: Suspend button is not working on my XFCE desktop and because of many reasons I don`t want to fix it right now. So it is easier to just suspend from terminal.


title: How do I force yum to install without prompting the user, using bash?

text: I'm writing a bash script to install php5.4 and I'd like to automate this for a test VM. The rpm command I have is:               rpm -Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el5/latest.rpm     yum install php54w      Now, in the middle of this running, there is a user prompt to enter [Y/N] whether or not to download the dependencies. So I either need to:   1. Simulate the user input of [Y]; or   2. pass in a command for yum not to ask and assume [Y] What is the best method for a bash script and how do I accomplish both of the above?


title: Fedora 18 detecting non-existent monitor

text: I have an HP Envy dv7 with a dual boot setup of Win 8 and Fedora 18. On 07/22/2013 I updated all packages in Fedora 18 that had updates available. After a reboot, Fedora is now detecting that a second monitor is connected on the vga-2 port (according to `xrandr`) but I don't have a second monitor. Is there a way to prevent it from detecting this monitor? Edit: Thanks for the suggestion below @slm however that just gave me a blank screen. While working on that solution I realized that there is a new grub menu entry. I compared it to the old menu entry and the only difference is the kernel version. If I log in with the old version the problem isn't there but if I use the new version it is. If I run xrandr with the old kernel I get the following:               Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1600 x 900, maximum 8192 x 8192     LVDS1 connected 1600x900+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 382mm x 215mm        1600x900       60.0*+   40.0          1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        59.9       VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     VGA-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)      However if I run it under the new kernel I get:               Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1600 x 900, maximum 8192 x 8192     LVDS1 connected primary 1600x900+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 382mm x 215mm        1600x900       60.0*+   40.0          1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        59.9       VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     VGA-2 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)        1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          848x480        60.0          640x480        59.9         1024x768 (0x63)   65.0MHz             h: width  1024 start 1048 end 1184 total 1344 skew    0 clock   48.4KHz             v: height  768 start  771 end  777 total  806           clock   60.0Hz       800x600 (0x64)   40.0MHz             h: width   800 start  840 end  968 total 1056 skew    0 clock   37.9KHz             v: height  600 start  601 end  605 total  628           clock   60.3Hz       800x600 (0x65)   36.0MHz             h: width   800 start  824 end  896 total 1024 skew    0 clock   35.2KHz             v: height  600 start  601 end  603 total  625           clock   56.2Hz      Not sure what's causing this but since I can still use the old kernel, I'll just do that and see if Fedora pushes out an update that fixes it. Thanks again for the help.


title: How do I output a suggestion for a user to accept and use as input?

text: What can I do to leave the cursor on the same line of the suggestion in a Bash script? Bash version = 3.2.51 It's purpose is to suggest a string so that the user should only press Enter.               #!/bin/sh     echo "@@@@@@@@@@     @ Enter the new plarform name [for example: our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4]:     @@@@@@@@@@"     echo "our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4"     read SuggestDefaultPlatform          echo "Stored name: " ${SuggestDefaultPlatform}      which prompts:               @@@@@@@@@@     @ Enter the new plarform name [for example: our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4]:     @@@@@@@@@@      our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4     _      where the underscore "`_`" stands for the cursor. I don't want to use a "Y/n" logic workaround, assigning a default value to the "`SuggestDefaultPlatform`" variable               SuggestDefaultPlatform='our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4';      and then prompt a question like:               Are you okay with `'our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4'` as your platform name? [Y/n]...      Instead the user might want to change just a few digits of a prompted suggestion and press Enter. See below the cursor "`_`" at the end of the "`SuggestDefaultPlatform`" variable:               @@@@@@@@@@     @ Enter the new plarform name [for example: our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4]:     @@@@@@@@@@      our-platform-7.26-2.17-res4_      so that the user can move the cursor, modify the suggestion and/or press Enter.               our-platform-7.26-2.17-res_     our-platform-7.26-2.17-re_     our-platform-7.26-2.17-r_     our-platform-7.26-2.17-_     our-platform-7.26-2.17_     our-platform-7.26-2.1_     our-platform-7.26-2.18-alpha1_      Press Enter. which prompts:               Stored name: our-platform-7.26-2.18-alpha1


title: Is there way to close Guake tab by center click?

text: I want to close Guake's tab by mouse wheel click. As far as I see there is no configuration for it. Is there a way to do it? For example by configuring with a `~/.guakerc` file or so.


title: How to delete files only, but keep the directory structure?

text: I would like to delete every file, but keep the folder structure. Is there a way? NOTE: (I'm using GNU bash 4.1.5).


title: Replace value within single quotes in a line that contains certain word using sed command

text: I have a line as below in a html file,               shahar.push(['remoteUrl', 'staging.zazzercode.com']);      Depending upon environment, I want to replace the `remoteUrl` value with `sed` command. **eg,**               shahar.push(['remoteUrl', 'staging.zazzercode.com']);     shahar.push(['remoteUrl', 'production.zazzercode.com']);      I used               sed -i '/remoteUrl/c\shahar.push(['remoteUrl','staging.zazzercode.com']);' predict.html      It works but removing single quotes over `'remoteUrl'` and `'staging.zazzercode.com'` causing html error.               shahar.push([remoteUrl, staging.zazzercode.com]);      **So to be safe,** I want to change `sed` command just to change the value between two single quotes after `,` in a line with `remoteUrl`. Or I want other `sed` options than What I knew to replace whole line but with single quotes.


title: Extracting with grep/sed a first pattern and then a second pattern that occured some lines before and related to the first

text:
I'm trying to extract a specific line from a `.htm` file when a pattern occur ("Event 100" in my example below) but at the same time I need to retrieve also another pattern which is related to the first but which comes from one of the lines above it. This second pattern represent the time at which the first pattern occurred: Example:               <AZ>207994</AZ>     <AZ>09:10:41.9</AZ>     <AZ>02/04</AZ>     <AZ>[990875]</AZ>
     <AZ>207995</AZ>     <AZ>09:10:56.4</AZ>     <AZ>02/04</AZ>     <AZ>[990876]</AZ>     <AZ>30718</AZ><AZ></AZ><AZ></AZ><AZ></AZ>     <AZ>TN (speed)  Event 3 occurred

     <AZ>30719	</AZ><AZ></AZ><AZ></AZ>     <AZ>TN (speed)  Event 100 occurred

     <AZ>30720</AZ><AZ></AZ><AZ></AZ><AZ></AZ>      I want the following result: 02/04 09:10:56.4 [990876] Event 100 occurred


title: Converting multiple image files from JPEG to PDF format

text: I want to convert some files from jpeg to pdf. I am using following command.               $ convert image1.jpg image1.pdf       But I have 100 images. How should I convert all of them to corresponding pdfs? I tried               $ convert image*.jpg image*.pdf       It doesn't work.


title: Are Debian- and RedHat-style repositories compromised by Heartbleed OpenSSL bug?

text: The Heartbleed exploit (CVE-2014-0160) makes SSL connections using OpenSSL vulnerable to private key leakage. Does it mean that official update channels in RHEL/CentOS/etc. and Debian/Ubuntu shall be considered compromised?


title: Can I set font face by file comments in Emacs?

text: I wonder if we can set the font in Emacs according to the comments in the file. E.g. > -*- fond: "my-font"; -*-


title: GNU Screen: Creating new window with title specified

text: Is there a way of creating new window in GNU screen with title specified while creating the window itself. I know that I can create a new window and then set the title using `^A A` but is there a way of mentioning tilte while creating the window itself.


title: Installing Virtual machine on a virtual Machine

text: I am implementing Oracle RAC using 11.2. For shared disc option and low cost, we are planning to use Virtual Machines. I have installed one virtual machine (PARENT) Specifications: Oracle Linux 5.8 (64 bit) RAM 16GB HDD 90GB CPU 1 After installing VM, I tried to install another VM (CHILD) using Oracle Virtual Box. Specification for CHILD vm Oracle Linux 5.8 (32 bit) [ as Oracle VM doesnt give a 64 bit option while installing Child virtual machine] RAM 2GB HDD 50GB CPU 1 Its giving error Starting udev:................................[Failed] Questions:   1. What is the possible the possible reason?   2. I want to use Oracle RAC using Linux 5.8. We have don't have other option than Linux. What is the procedure which I need to follow.   3. When I am installing Oracle VM Box on 64 bit machine. The option for 64 bit child machine is not available at the time of creating virtual machine. Thanks in advance :)


title: Need help setting up networking for KVM on Gentoo with exit to wifi adaṕter

text: I am running Gentoo Linux on an AMD64 laptop, and I am having an extremely hard time setting up host networking on KVM. I alreay have KVM, libvirtd, virt-manager, the kernel modules required to get virtualization working, and I already rebuilt my kernel with new configuration options according to this guide here, and I still cannot seem to be able to get host networking running. I am able to create a VM using virt-manager, but I am unable to choose a network interface to connect my VM to, on virt-manager's final dialog under Advanced options, all the options on the drop-down box are disabled except "No networking" and "Specify shared device name". I cannot use bridge networking because my internet exit is through a wi-fi NIC. I just spent a good few hours bashing my head with this and I still can't get networking on KVM running. I do not want to use Oracle VM VirtualBox because I had a lot of problems with it in the past. Did I miss something? Is my computer acting up?


title: What is the best way to add a user to the sudoer group?

text: So far I have found four different ways to add a user to the sudoers group and not all methods work in all systems. Why so many different implementations? What is the best? What is the standard (i.e. work in most systems)? Different implementations:   1. Adding the user to the 'wheel' group.    2. Adding the user to the 'sudo' group.    3. Editing the file /etc/sudoers   4. Editing the file /etc/sudoers using visudo


title: Laptop doesn´t go to sleep if HDD is in standby

text: So I have one mSata-SSD where my whole System is installed and one HDD where I put my Videos and Music! I don´t need my HDD all the Time so I put it to sleep on Startup               sudo hdparm -Y /dev/sda      The Problem I´m facing is when my HDD has the Status 'Standby' and I close my Laptop LID it doesn´t go to sleep anymore. Anyone an Idea what could cause that Problem? I´m on ArchLinux with Gnome3


title: Is a journaling filesystem a good idea with a dm-crypt encrypted drive?

text: I was looking at `dm-crypt` and have seen that you can use whatever filesystem you like on top of the encrypted drive. So I was wondering if a journaled filesystem is a good idea as opposed to a non-journaled one. Also, what filesystem would be best to deal with power failures with an encrypted drive?


title: Output the common lines (similarities) of two text files (the opposite of diff)?

text: Diff is a great tool to display the changes between two files. But how to display the similarities of two text files (while ignoring the differences)? I.e. sample input:               a:     Foo Bar     X     Hello     World     42          b:     Foo Baz     Hello     World     23      Pseudo output (something like this):               @@ 2,3     =Hello World      Just sorting both files and using comm is not enough, because in that case the line information is lost.


title: USB Ubuntu with whole-disk encryption

text: Is it possible to create a single-user USB installation (with persistence) of Ubuntu Linux such that the entire USB stick is encrypted and requires a passphrase at boot time? Is there an online tutorial for this?


title: Is PXE in a 802.1x network for LTSP possible?

text: I have an LTSP server in a network that requires 802.1x authentication. Is it possible to boot the terminals through PXE without disabling the 802.1x authentication? If not, are there alternatives to simply disabling auth for the terminals?


title: Intercept "command not found" error in zsh

text: Is there a way to intercept the "command not found" error in ZSH? I've seen this is possible in bash apparently, but I couldn't find anything about doing it in zsh.


title: Under Ubuntu, how do I set a static IP for firewire?

text: I am using Ubuntu 10.10 on my laptop, which connects to our network wirelessly. Since it sits on my desk next to my desktop, I have a private network between the two using a firewire cable, because `synergy` and file copies are much more plesant over firewire than wifi. I want to set a static IP for the `firewire` device on boot so I don't have to keep using `ifconfig` each time. However the device doesn't appear in Gnome's NetworkManager. How can I set a static IP for the firewire device? Terminal commands are fine, as long as NetworkManager won't blow the config away.


title: Delete spaces, hyphens, and underscores in filenames?

text: What is a good command to delete spaces, hyphens, and underscores from all files in a directory, or selected files? I use the following command with Thunar Custom Actions to slugify filenames:               for file in %N; do mv "$file" "$(echo "$file" | tr -s ' ' | tr ' A-Z' '-a-z' | tr -s '-' | tr -c '[:alnum:][:cntrl:].' '-')"; done      But that command only replaces spaces with dashes/hyphens and lowercases capped characters. I've used the following command in terminal to delete spaces from thousands of filenames in a folder, and it worked pretty fast:                rename "s/ //g" *      Again, it only deletes spaces, and not hyphens/dashes and underscores as well. Ideally I don't want any spaces, hyphens/dashes, and underscores in my filenames. And it would be great if the command could be used with Thunar Custom Actions on selected files.


title: Centos 7 and VNC access right?

text: UPDATE: I posted on the Tiger VNC forum and someone suggested that this may be a result of PolicyKit (now called PolKit, I believe). Does anyone know how to change this policy? These are all machines behind a firewall in a small startup. It would be much easier if I could get GUI admin rights when I use VNC to connect to the server. -- I've installed (Tiger) VNC Server on a new Centos 7 install. It seems to be working ok but when I use VNC to connect as user admin (created as ua system administrator) it does not get administrator rights. For example, via VNC the admin user cannot change network settings but when logged in directly the same user can change network settings. Same for other administrator functions. I suspect its something to do with the PAM security context or the `runuser -l` command that starts the server but I can't seem to find out what to change. Any suggestions most appreciated. FYI: I setup the VNC Server these instructions from this blog post. and from the directions at the top of the file: `/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service` and `man systemctl` page


title: Only apply Match keyword to single Host in ssh config

text: I have a host which I ssh into. Sometimes I'm inside the same network, and can ssh directly into it, other times I'm outside it and I need to use a proxy. Because ssh via the proxy server is much slower than direct, I'd like to have my ssh config set up such that I try to connect directly, falling back to the proxy if that fails. Currently the config looks like:                   Host proxy_server         User user         Port port         Hostname some_domain              Host target_host         User user         Port port         Hostname ip_addr_of_host         Match exec not_inside_network         ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p proxy_server      The `target_host` entry is the last entry in my config file, yet `not_inside_network` gets called by any ssh connection to unrelated servers in the config file. How can I make `Match` only apply to this one server?


title: Lags on file access, is my HDD going to break?

text: Yesterday, I noticed that there is a 5 second delay around those things which used to be instantly. However, it just occurs sometimes, usually only on the first time (maybe kernel cache).   * Opening a new terminal and starting the shell. It takes a while for the prompt to load. This happens in both Fish and Bash   * Opening a file in Vim.   * Launching a command from Awesome WM and using the tab-completion. It takes a while until the completion show up.   * Creating a new commit in git, when I already ran `git status` which usually caches the whole repo. Each time, I see the HDD LED flicker pretty dimly. I think that means that it is busy, but the read rate is very low. That probably means that the HDD is moving around a lot without a lot of reads. I have the impression that the harddrive has a physical problem and has to re- read the sectors again and again to come up with the data. The actions used to be faster, though. Background:   * The drive serves as `/home` and is formatted with EXT4.   * My data is stored in a eCryptfs container.   * The system is a ThinkPad X220 with Kubuntu 14.04. How can I find out which files got corrupted, if any?


title: RHEL5 to RHEL6 Upgrade

text: I'm trying to upgrade our RHEL 5.9 servers to RHEL 6.4. We have lots of third party software and mounted systems so it would be nice if we could upgrade without re-installing. I know RedHat doesn't support updates between major releases and we'll go the re-install route if all else fails. If I have a fresh install of 5.9 I'm able to upgrade to 6.4 without many issues using 'linux upgradeany' on a installation cd. But older physical servers that I have successfully cloned as a VM seem to hang while doing the package installation. At first it was hanging on polkit, so I removed all gui desktops with the intent on reinstalling after the upgrade. Now it's hanging on Cyrus- SASL. The logs don't give any useful information on why it is hanging. There are some guides on updating but none have seemed to work for us. http://bitc.bme.emory.edu/~lzhou/blogs/?p=203 http://www.it-hure.de/2011/10/update-rhel5-to-rhel6/ checked /tmp/anaconda.log, /tmp/syslog, /tmp/yum.log, /tmp/storage.log, /tmp/product.log and nothing seems to indicate why the update has halted. If anyone's been able to upgrade successfully I would appreciate any advice you might have.


title: Linux - Shell Script and Colorized Text

text: From my most recent post: (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15046851/linux- colorizing-text-in-files) I can now colorize text, in my terminal window. (using `echo`) Now I'm to the point that I'd like to run a Shell Script that will over-write my `/etc/issue` whenever I decide to execute my shell script. Here is my script:               #!/bin/sh     # re-write /etc/issue     echo "Welcome Back!........whatever message I will put later on" > /etc/issue      So now I'm looking to colorize the text "Welcome Back!" According to This Site, I need to Escape my color codes by using Ctrl+V+ESC But how does one do that inside a shell script, with the goal to re-write the `/etc/issue`? I did copy and paste the author's example (rc.issue) that he gives. Indeed, the `/etc/issue` file gets re-written upon boot, but no color. Just plain text shows. Can anyone enlighten me on this?


title: Please explain the Awk script provided below

text: Can anyone please expain me step by step below AWK script written. I have the below code written in my script to format the flat file data. Just wanted to understand so that i can reuse -- I am not a unix guy but task has being assigned to me.kindly help!               awk -vsep=$SEPARATOR 'NR>2{if(NF){if(!s){gsub(" *"sep"[ \t]*",sep);printf "%d%s\n",NR-2,$0}}else s=1}' file_name > new_file           # where $SEPARATOR = ';'      Thanks in Advance.


title: Linux permissions sudoers file

text: Is there other file like /etc/sudoers where I assign sudo permissions to the users or groups that I have created?. I have this server that has a user that is not root but when I look at sudoers file there is nothing there saying that this user can do sudo, so I'm little confused about this. I have this output from group               $ more /etc/group     root::0:     other::1:root     bin::2:root,daemon     sys::3:root,bin,adm     adm::4:root,daemon     uucp::5:root     mail::6:root     tty::7:root,adm     lp::8:root,adm     nuucp::9:root     staff::10:     daemon::12:root     sysadmin::14:     games::20:     smmsp::25:     gdm::50:     upnp::52:     xvm::60:     netadm::65:     mysql::70:     openldap::75:     webservd::80:     postgres::90:     slocate::95:     unknown::96:     nobody::60001:     noaccess::60002:     nogroup::65534:     aiuser::61:     ftp::21:     pkg5srv::97:     oinstall::1001:     dba::502:oracle     oper::503:oracle      And this output from id:               $ id oracle     uid=100(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall)


title: Install firefox and Mozrepl on Server

text: I used the following guide To Install `firefox`. I then used the following guide and `cpan install Mozrepl` To install `mozrepl`. However when I run /usr/bin/firefox I get `bash: No Such file or directory` Running `file firefox` in `/opt`:               firefox: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=0x6e884103555b3e2bc8ecc62624d2d8123d61980e, stripped      `uname -u`:               Linux hostname 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.41-2+deb7u2 x86_64 GNU/Linux      `file firefox` in `/usr/bin`:               firefox: symbolic link to `/opt/firefox/firefox'      Everything seems alright except that there is a 32-bit 64-bit mismatch. According to this guide I should install `ia32-libs`, when i try I get the following:               ia32-libs : Depends: ia32-libs-i386 which is a virtual package.     The following actions will resolve these dependencies:               Keep the following packages at their current version:     1)     ia32-libs [Not Installed]      What should I do?


title: How can I improve battery life in Fedora 15?

text: I am seeing a horrible battery life with Fedora 15 (lovelock) with Gnome Shell 3 on my laptop. I keep the screen brightness, back light pretty low. I still get about 1 hr 50 minutes battery life out of it after a full charge while just browsing. I also got a brand new battery from lenovo but no luck. I tried the workaround mentioned here — booting with `pcie_aspm=force` — but that did not help any. It is a Lenovo T420s with a 6 cell battery. The kernel version is 2.6.40-4.fc15.x86_64 and CPU is Intel® Core™ i5-2540M CPU @ 2.60GHz. Kernel config can be found here. Is this pretty much what everyone else is seeing? Is it something with Fedora 15? Should I downgrade to Fedora 14? Are there any specific packages I can remove to make the battery life better? I think I should be able to get around 3 to 4 hours with a 6 cell battery - less than 2 hours sounds very low. Here are paste bin links to power top wakeup stats and tunables stats. FYI - I found this link to be an excellent source for tips on reducing power usage. I am going to follow some of the advices posted there.


title: How can I simply adjust monitor color temperture in X?

text: I have a new 27" iMac, on which I run Fedora 15 (with no Apple OS) — just boot straight to Linux. The colors are basically accurate to my eye, but the white point is much higher than I'd like (that is, everything is quite blue). I suppose it's 9300K, and may be due to fancy LED backlighting or some such. I dunno; I'm a software guy. I'd like to adjust it to a more comfortable 6500K. In the olden days (including my old LCD monitor), one would just push a button on the monitor and select that from the menu. On an iMac, of course, that's not really an option. Can I do this in software instead? I know that full-on profiling and calibration software runs on Linux, and I may get to that eventually, but for now I'd just like a simple option. What should I do?


title: sed: what does "/ " mean?

text: x=`src/lstat64 $TEST_DIR/$tmp.1 | sed -n -e '/ Links: /s/.*Links: *//p'`      In this script. I understand this part `"/s/.*Links: *//p'"` the only thing I don't understand is `'/ Links: '` what does `"/ "` mean? thank you!


title: How to permanently disable Orca on Debian Wheezy?

text: **How do I permanently disable the GNOME screen reader ("Orca") on Debian Wheezy, without breaking GNOME?** I'm running Xfce. Things I have tried, or looked at:   * I found the command `gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.a11y.applications screen-reader-enabled false` on one site, and if I execute it in a terminal it seems to be respected (I get a spoken "goodbye" and subsequently setting it to `true` does not appear to do anything) but the next time I log in "welcome to Orca" is spoken again.   * I edited /etc/xdg/autostart/orca-autostart.desktop to set `NoDisplay=false` but it still doesn't show up in _Session and Startup_ under _Application Autostart_.   * I had a look in `dconf-editor` which faithfully reports that the `screen-reader-enabled` value is set to `false` even on login to a new session. However, it still gets launched.   * Another suggestion I saw was to use `apt-get` to remove the `gnome-orca` package entirely, but since `gnome` depends on `gnome-orca`, that would remove all of GNOME, which I do not want.


title: How to tell which file is original if hard link is created

text: For example, I have a file `myold_file`. Then I use `ln` to create a hard link as `mylink`:               ln myold_file mylink      Then, even by using `ls -a`, I cannot tell which is the old one. Is there anyway to tell?


title: Live-CDs no longer boot as expected

text: For some reason on my office machine every Linux Live-CD either takes forever to boot or goes to a terminal interface instead of the expected GUI. I used to boot to an _Ubuntu 10.10 Live-CD_ and _Live-Thumb-Drive_ on a regular basis. Today I tried the Live-CDs for _GParted_ (got a terminal interface), _Lubuntu_ (the latest version - I think 11.04?) (got a terminal interface), and _Ubuntu 10.10_ desktop (Took 20 minutes to get to Try or Install - And then went nowhere after I clicked "Try" and left it alone for an hour. I do not know what is going on. I do have a striped drive set for _Windows XP_ but in the past _Linux_ still booted I just could not mount those two drives. All of these live CDs boot normally in a VM inside Windows XP.


title: Can't Install Debian On wm8505 Tablet

text: I have WM8505 sylvania brand tablet which is come with windows ce 6.0 installed on it. I am trying to install Abrasive's Debian on it but when i remove sd (after install) it reboots and shows nothing on screen. **Here is the link for abrassiv's debian for wm8505** http://etiny.tk/G


title: Reverse pkg-config?

text: Suppose using the `pkg-config` I can find which link flags are needed add a library to my code, suppose if I need cairo libraries to add, I can find the appropriate `-l` flag by               > pkg-config --libs cairo     > -lcairo      How do I find the reverse (i.e. link flags --> library name)? Suppose I want to know which library will be added by invoking `-lm` flag, how do I do that?


title: How to create a fixed size Linux ramdisk which does never swap to disk?

text: I want to create a fixed size Linux ramdisk which never swaps to disk. Note that my question is not "why" I want to do this (let say, for example, that it's for an educative purpose or for research): the question is _how_ to do it. As I understand `ramfs` cannot be limited in size, so it doesn't fit my requirement of having a fixed size ramdisk. It also seems that `tmpfs` _may_ be swapped to disk. So it doesn't fit my requirement of never swapping to disk. How can you create a fixed size Linux ramdisk which does never swap to disk? Is it possible, for example, to create `tmpfs` inside a `ramfs` (would such a solution fit both my requirements) and if so how? Note that performances are not an issue and the ramdisk getting full and triggering "disk full" errors ain't an issue either.


title: Keep keyboard layout upon inserting external keyboard

text: I have a custom keyboard layout, that I enable using this commands:               setxkbmap -verbose us -variant altgr-intl     xmodmap -verbose /home/coub/.myxmodmap      This works just fine, the thing is, that when I attach an external keyboard, the attaching will dismiss my settings and set the default "QWERTY". I would like to keep my settings. I don't know how to disable this fall back to "QWERTY" on attaching, so at least I've tried to set an `udev` rule to enable my settings again. However the environment in `udev` doesn't have access to `Xorg` environment, so the commands fail. To workaround this I've written a watcher, that uses `inotifywait` to watch a file and then I change this file by writing to it from an `udev` rule. This almost works, when the keyboard is plugged, it loads my settings, but the keys with third modifier, that is `ALT-gr`+`KEY` gets mapped incorrectly to some weird keys, that I don't have in my setting. When I change the file (by `echoing` "something" > watched_file) from terminal emulator, it just works and my keyboard setting is loaded properly.


title: Right-align comments in vim

text: I'm writing C code using vim and are searching for a possibility to right- align my comments so that they all end at col 80. To give a short example:               int a = 80; /* initialize a */     int b = 7; /* initialize b */     printf("%d + %d = %d", a, b, a+b); /*calculate the result */      should turn into               int a = 80;                               /* initialize a */     int b = 7;                                /* initialize b */     printf("%d + %d = %d", a, b, a+b); /*calculate the result */                                                                ^col 80      I have installed `vim-easy-align` to do other formattings but did not find out yet how to perform this alignment. Maybe someone knows how? I do not insist on `vim-easy-align`. If you have another plugin that does the job.. Just tell me ;).


title: How to process/pipe TCPDUMPs output in realtime

text: If I want to tcpdump DNS requests by clients (on an OpenWrt 10.04 router), then I               root@ROUTER:/etc# tcpdump -n -i br-lan dst port 53 2>&1            tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode     listening on br-lan, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes     22:29:38.989412 IP 192.168.1.200.55919 > 192.168.1.1.53: 5697+ A? foo.org. (25)     22:29:39.538981 IP 192.168.1.200.60071 > 192.168.1.1.53: 17481+ PTR? 150.33.87.208.in-addr.arpa. (44)     ^C     2 packets captured     3 packets received by filter     0 packets dropped by kernel      That's fully ok. But. Why can't I pipe the tcpdumps output in realtime?               root@ROUTER:/etc# tcpdump -n -i br-lan dst port 53 2>&1 | awk '/\?/ {print $3}'     ^C     root@ROUTER:/etc#       If I awk, etc. anything after tcpdump, I don't get ANY output. Why is that? Why can't I process the output of tcpdump with pipelining in realtime? (so that e.g.: in the example in only outputs the 3rd column) Are there any solutions for this?


title: How do I add Xft suppport to dwm?

text: I would like to use the inconsolata font in dwm's statusbar. Right now my config.h is set up like so using terminus:               static const char font[] = "-*-terminus-medium-r-normal-*-14-*-*-*-*-*-*-*";      I tried changing that to:               static const char font[] = "-*-inconsolata-medium-r-normal-*-17-*-*-*-*-*-*-*";      But it didn't work. I currently have inconsolata working in urxvt by setting the following line in .Xdefaults:               URxvt.font: xft:inconsolata:size=10      So, I believe the best bet would be to just patch Xft support into dwm, but I can't seem to find a patch anywhere and I'm not sure how to do it myself. Any help would be greatly appreciated. I am currently using dwm 5.8.2. _(At the time of this writing I didn't have enough points to create new tags so I just went with X11 and fonts, please feel free to modify)._


title: opensuse: cannot install proprietary graphic driver fglrx

text: I installed OpenSUSE 13.1 in dual boot on my Samsung ATIV Book 6 pre-installed with Windows 8 with a USB key (ultrabook, no DVD reader at the moment). I tried to install the proprietary driver fglrx following every different procedure indicated in http://en.opensuse.org/SDB:AMD_fglrx but after rebooting, I get a black screen. I therefore tried the 1-click procedure, the yast, the zipper command-line and the script from the german fellow. Concerning the last one, the script failed and stated that my graphic card (Radeon HD 8850M) was not compatible. Here is the Xorg log when I booted with fglrx installed and without nomodeset option: http://susepaste.org/88126850


title: Finding MFLOPS using Linux

text: How can I find out the Mflops on my linux computer? I can see the bogomips on my /proc/cpuinfo but I don't see any Mflops on that file:               $ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -ie mips -ie flops          bogomips    : 3591.29     bogomips    : 3590.96     bogomips    : 3590.96     bogomips    : 3590.96


title: Does (should) LC_COLLATE affect character ranges?

text: Collation order through `LC_COLLATE` defines not only the sort order of individual characters, but also the meaning of character ranges. Or does it? Consider the following snippet:               unset LANGUAGE LC_ALL     echo B | LC_COLLATE=en_US grep '[a-z]'      Intuitively, `B` isn't in `[a-z]`, so this shouldn't output anything. That's what happens on Ubuntu 8.04 or 10.04. But on some machines running Debian lenny or squeeze, `B` is found, because the range `a-z` includes everything that's between `a` and `z` in the collation order, including the capital letters `B` through `Z`. All systems tested do have the `en_US` locale generated. I also tried varying the locale: on the machines where `B` is matched above, the same happens in every available locale (mostly latin-based: `{en_{AU,CA,GB,IE,US},fr_FR,it_IT,es_ES,de_DE}{iso8859-1,iso8859-15,utf-8}`, also Chinese locales) except Japanese (in any available encoding) and `C`/`POSIX`. **What do character ranges mean in regular expressions** , when you go beyond ASCII? Why is there a difference between some Debian installations on the one hand, and other Debian installations and Ubuntu on the other? How do other systems behave? Who's right, and who should have a bug reported against? (Note that I'm specifically asking about the behavior of character ranges such as `[a-z]` in `en_US` locales, primarily on GNU libc-based systems. I'm not asking how to match lowercase letters or ASCII lowercase letters.) * * * On two Debian machines, one where `B` is in `[a-z]` and one where it isn't, the output of `LC_COLLATE=en_US locale -k LC_COLLATE` is               collate-nrules=4     collate-rulesets=""     collate-symb-hash-sizemb=1     collate-codeset="ISO-8859-1"      and the output of `LC_COLLATE=en_US.utf8 locale -k LC_COLLATE` is               collate-nrules=4     collate-rulesets=""     collate-symb-hash-sizemb=2039     collate-codeset="UTF-8"


title: Disable stack protection on Ubuntu for buffer overflow without C compiler flags

text: I'd like to try some shell codes and I want to disable linux protections. I know I could compile using flags but I know another way exists to disable these protections in general I just can't remember. Can you help me?


title: Does anyone know if synapse launcher can be installed in Debian?

text: I am thinking of changing from linux mint cinnamon to linux mint debian cinnamon, but synapse launcher is something I cant work without, but it doesnt seem to be available in Debian. Does anyone know if it is possible to install it and use all the features it offers? Cheers


title: How can I delete a folder with lots of subfolders fast?

text: I have a folder with 266778 subfolders. How can I delete it? I have tried               cd ~/.local/share/Trash/     sudo rm -rf *      but it takes much time. After 1 minute 25 seconds real time and 0.072 seconds user time it only deleted 2500 folders. This way, it will take over two hours to delete this folder. Is there a faster way to delete this folder? Why is there such a big difference between user time and real time?               real    1m25.474s     user    0m0.072s     sys     0m28.142s      I use Linux 2.6.32 (Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS).


title: Openswan established NATed tunnel but, I can't ping remote end's lan PC

text: I am establishing site to site tunnel.               192.168.2.0/24===10.103.6.40<10.103.6.40>---10.103.6.1...10.103.6.29<10.103.6.29>===192.168.1.0/24;      Local ip: 10.103.6.40 Local lan: 192.168.2.0/24 Remote lan is behind 10.103.6.29 (router) has lan 10.1.1.0/24. Remote ip: 10.1.1.44 (Behind 10.103.6.29, I have enabled VPN Passthrough) Remote lan: 192.168.1.0/24 Now, Tunnel is established, but i can not ping remote lan's machine on 192.168.1.2. Log of ipsec:               Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: listening for IKE messages     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: adding interface br0/br0 192.168.2.1:500     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: adding interface br0/br0 192.168.2.1:4500     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: adding interface eth3/eth3 10.103.6.40:500     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: adding interface eth3/eth3 10.103.6.40:4500     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: adding interface lo/lo 127.0.0.1:500     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: adding interface lo/lo 127.0.0.1:4500     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: adding interface lo/lo ::1:500     Mar  4 16:34:45 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: loading secrets from "/etc/ipsec.secrets"     Mar  4 16:34:46 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: initiating Main Mode     Mar  4 16:34:46 NG daemon.err ipsec__plutorun: 104 "NG" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate     Mar  4 16:34:46 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Openswan (this version) 2.6.38 ]     Mar  4 16:34:46 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection]     Mar  4 16:34:46 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=115      Mar  4 16:34:46 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: enabling possible NAT-traversal with method RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal)     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: transition from state STATE_MAIN_I1 to state STATE_MAIN_I2     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using draft-ietf-ipsec-nat-t-ike (MacOS X): peer is NATed     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: transition from state STATE_MAIN_I2 to state STATE_MAIN_I3     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: received Vendor ID payload [CAN-IKEv2]     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: Main mode peer ID is ID_IPV4_ADDR: '10.103.6.29'     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: transition from state STATE_MAIN_I3 to state STATE_MAIN_I4     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=aes_128 prf=oakley_md5 group=modp1024}     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #1: Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706): enabled     Mar  4 16:34:47 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #2: initiating Quick Mode PSK+ENCRYPT+TUNNEL+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK {using isakmp#1 msgid:f5d74d20 proposal=AES(12)_128-MD5(1)_128, AES(12)_192-MD5(1)_128, AES(12)_256-MD5(1)_128, AES(12)_128-SHA1(2)_160, AES(12)_192-SHA1(2)_160, AES(12)_256-SHA1(2)_160, 3DES(3)_192-MD5(1)_128, 3DES(3)_192-SHA1(2)_160 pfsgroup=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP1024}     Mar  4 16:34:49 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #2: Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706): enabled     Mar  4 16:34:49 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #2: transition from state STATE_QUICK_I1 to state STATE_QUICK_I2     Mar  4 16:34:49 NG authpriv.warn pluto[9431]: "NG" #2: STATE_QUICK_I2: sent QI2, IPsec SA established tunnel mode {ESP=>0x9143bd7d <0x1cb79f9a xfrm=AES_128-HMAC_MD5 NATOA=none NATD=10.103.6.29:4500 DPD=enabled}      Tunnel is established successfully. local configuration (At 10.103.6.40 side):               config setup         nat_traversal=yes         oe=off         protostack=netkey          conn NGpassthrough         left=192.168.2.1         right=0.0.0.0         leftsubnet=192.168.2.0/24         rightsubnet=192.168.2.0/24         authby=never         type=passthrough         auto=route          conn NG         right=10.103.6.29         rightsubnet=192.168.1.0/24         left=10.103.6.40         leftsubnet=192.168.2.0/24         leftnexthop=10.103.6.1         auto=start         leftid=10.103.6.40         rightid=10.103.6.29         #x_rightdynamic=yes         authby=secret         compress=no         failureshunt=drop         dpddelay=15         dpdtimeout=60         dpdaction=restart         pfs=yes         ike=aes128-md5-modp1024,aes192-md5-modp1024,aes256-md5-modp1024,aes128-sha1-modp1024,aes192-sha1-modp1024,aes256-sha1-modp1024,3des-md5-modp1024,3des-sha1-modp1024,aes128-md5-modp1536,aes192-md5-modp1536,aes256-md5-modp1536,aes128-sha1-modp1536,aes192-sha1-modp1536,aes256-sha1-modp1536,3des-md5-modp1536,3des-sha1-modp1536,aes128-md5-modp2048,aes192-md5-modp2048,aes256-md5-modp2048,aes128-sha1-modp2048,aes192-sha1-modp2048,aes256-sha1-modp2048,3des-md5-modp2048,3des-sha1-modp2048         esp=aes128-md5,aes192-md5,aes256-md5,aes128-sha1,aes192-sha1,aes256-sha1,3des-md5,3des-sha1      Remote Configuartion (At 10.1.1.44 side):               config setup         nat_traversal=yes         oe=off         protostack=netkey          conn NGpassthrough         left=192.168.1.1         right=0.0.0.0         leftsubnet=192.168.1.0/24         rightsubnet=192.168.1.0/24         authby=never         type=passthrough         auto=route          conn NG         right=10.103.6.40         rightsubnet=192.168.2.0/24         left=10.1.1.44         leftsubnet=192.168.1.0/24         leftnexthop=10.1.1.1         auto=start         leftid=10.103.6.29         rightid=10.103.6.40         #x_rightdynamic=yes         authby=secret         compress=no         failureshunt=drop         dpddelay=15         dpdtimeout=60         dpdaction=restart         pfs=yes         ike=aes128-md5-modp1024,aes192-md5-modp1024,aes256-md5-modp1024,aes128-sha1-modp1024,aes192-sha1-modp1024,aes256-sha1-modp1024,3des-md5-modp1024,3des-sha1-modp1024,aes128-md5-modp1536,aes192-md5-modp1536,aes256-md5-modp1536,aes128-sha1-modp1536,aes192-sha1-modp1536,aes256-sha1-modp1536,3des-md5-modp1536,3des-sha1-modp1536,aes128-md5-modp2048,aes192-md5-modp2048,aes256-md5-modp2048,aes128-sha1-modp2048,aes192-sha1-modp2048,aes256-sha1-modp2048,3des-md5-modp2048,3des-sha1-modp2048         esp=aes128-md5,aes192-md5,aes256-md5,aes128-sha1,aes192-sha1,aes256-sha1,3des-md5,3des-sha1      Firewall rule on 10.103.6.29:               -A PREROUTING -p udp -m udp --dport 500 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.1.44:500      -A PREROUTING -p udp -m udp --dport 4500 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.1.44:4500       I have two pc's at both end. On local side PC has ip 192.168.2.2 and at remote side PC has ip 192.168.1.2. I CAN PING REMOTE ROUTER (192.168.1.1) but, can't access/ping remote lan PC (192.168.1.2). Help me please.


title: Bash is automatically reloading (injecting) updates into a running script upon saving it: Why? Any practical use?

text: I was writing a bash script, and happened to updated the code (saved the script file to disk) while the script was waiting for some input in a `while` loop. After I returned to the terminal and continued with the previous invocation of the script, bash gave an error about the file syntax:               /home/aularon/bin/script: line 58: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'     /home/aularon/bin/script: line 67: syntax error: unexpected end of file      So I tried doing the following: **1st:** create a script, `self-update.sh` let's call it:               #!/bin/bash     fname=$(mktemp)     cat $0 | sed 's/BEFORE\./AFTER!./' > $fname     cp $fname $0     rm -f $fname     echo 'String: BEFORE.';      What the script does is reading its code, changing the word 'BEFORE' into 'AFTER', then re-write itself with the new code. **2nd** Run it:               chmod +x self-update.sh     ./self-update.sh      **3rd** wonder...               aularon@aularon-laptop:~$ ./self-update.sh      String: AFTER!.      Now, I wouldn't have guessed that on the same invocation it would output _AFTER!_ , on the second run for sure, but not on the first one. So my question is: is it intentional (by design)? or it is because of the way bash runs the script? Line by line or command by command. Is there any good use of such behaviour? Any example of it? * * * **Edit:** I tried reformatting the file to put all command in one line, it does not work now:               #!/bin/bash     fname=$(mktemp);cat $0 | sed 's/BEFORE\./AFTER!./' > $fname;cp $fname $0;rm -f $fname;echo 'String: BEFORE.';      Output:               aularon@aularon-laptop:~$ ./self-update.sh #First invocation     String: BEFORE.     aularon@aularon-laptop:~$ ./self-update.sh #Second invocation     String: AFTER!.      While when moving the `echo` string to the next line, separating it from the rewriting (`cp`) call:               #!/bin/bash     fname=$(mktemp);cat $0 | sed 's/BEFORE\./AFTER!./' > $fname;cp $fname $0;rm -f $fname;     echo 'String: BEFORE.';      And now it works again:               aularon@aularon-laptop:~$ ./self-update.sh      String: AFTER!.


title: Make custom iso debian file

text: I tried to create a custom distribution based on debian, after reading debian document, I found preseed file that can generate debian with preconfigured parameters. But this is not enough for me, because I need to add some packages with their dependencies in the generated iso file, and I need to script execution after installation of my custom debian, this script can compile and install my software with a shell script. How to do it?


title: Bash: change variable defined at top of script

text: At the top of my script I have some variables defined like so               # Start Variables     defaultmap="de_dust2"     port="27015"     sourcetvport="27020"     clientport="27005"     maxplayers="16"     ip="0.0.0.0"     parms="-game csgo -usercon +map ${defaultmap} -strictportbind -ip ${ip} -port ${port} +clientport ${clientport} +tv_port ${sourcetvport} -maxplayers ${maxplayers}"      I have a function fn_`autoip` that is designed to change `${ip}` if it is set to `0.0.0.0` to the network card IP (somthing like 192.168.1.2). However it is not changing this. My guess is that it is not changing `${ip}` because is is within another variable `${parms}` that was already defined when `${ip}` was `0.0.0.0`. This is how it is executed:               fn_debugserver(){     fn_autoip     ${executable} ${parms}     }      Is there a way where `${parms}` can be 'reloaded' with the new `${ip}` from `fn_autoip`? This is from my project on GitHub


title: Redirect output half-way through a script, and restore later

text: I would like to re-direct stdout half-way through a script. How can I do this in Zsh?               # Do something     # ...           # Redirect stdout to a file (e.g. foo.txt)     for x in *;     print $x;     done     # Re-direct stdout back to default          # Do something else     # ...


title: How do I get the shell on the screen?

text: I'm completely new to Linux. I've googled but I can't find the keyboard shortcut command for this anywhere. I tried Ctrl-Alt-F3 from the graphical desktop, but it takes me to a login screen. Back on the desktop, I went to open bash through the GUI but it did nothing at all. This is so frustrating. I'm running "Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.6 alias squeeze" inside VirtualBox for Windows, from here, and it has two sets of login details: http://virtualboxes.org/images/debian/ Also: I remember seeing someone pull-up the shell over a graphical desktop, almost like Alt-tabbing in Windows but with the text overlaid on the desktop with a semi-transparent black background. Is this possible for Debian?


title: Equivalent of openvswitch-brcompat on Fedora/RHEL/CentOS

text: On Debian & Ubuntu, the openvswitch-brcompat package will install Open vSwitch bridge compatibility support. Is there an equivalent package on Fedora-based distros like RHEL and CentOS?


title: bash_completion not working (for some commands)

text: I have new installation of Debian Wheezy, and I have noticed `bash_completion` does not work for some commands. For example, it works for `ping`, but not for `host` (both `ping` and `host` should complete hostnames from `/etc/hosts`). Further, I have noticed that unlike previous version of Debian (Squeeze), the bash completion settings are no longer stored as separate files in `/etc/bash_completion.d`, but rather as one file in `/usr/share/bash- completion/bash_completion`. Looks like the infrastructure has been changed. Could somebody please advise how to make `bash_completion` work for the `host` command?


title: Setting up traffic for GRE Tunnel

text: I want to set up clients that are behind NAT with a public IP but allow them to have one or more public IP's on their device. The idea is to have a linux box with either 1 or two network cards. Lets take two for simplicity. Router1 Loop back interface: 100.100.100.1/30 Router1 if1 - 100.100.100.5/30 Router1 static route: 172.16.50.0/24 via 100.100.100.6 Router1 static route: 172.16.50.0/24 via 100.100.100.6 VPN_Server1: 100.100.100.6/30 Linux_box1 with two interfaces: eth0: DHCP from router (IP will most likely be 192.168.1.10/24 with default GW of 192.168.1.1) eth1: 100.100.100.129/25 PPTP/L2TP or some other sort of protocol that will connect to the VPN server with. The VPN servers IP will say be 172.16.50.1 and the Linux box will have 172.16.50.2. I will then set up a GRE tunnel between 172.16.50.1 and 100.100.100.1. The over all goal that I am trying to do is give clients a device that will be as if they are with me in the data center. They will connect a server to Linux_box1 as a router and go out to the internet. There is one other scenario where the Linux box will have a public IP however it wont be static from the ISP so it will still need the tunnel. However in this case there is no point in sending back the traffic via the tunnel. We would simply send it out to the internet.


title: Error building Oracle client 11g R2 on RHEL 5.5

text: We are trying to install oracle 11g R2 64 bit in Rhel 5.5 machine ( 64 bit ). Kernel version is 2.6.18-194.el5. We are getting the below error while installation.               error in  invoking target 'mkldflags ntcontab.o nnfgt.o' of makefile '/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/network/lib/ins_net_client.mk'.     See '/home/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installAction2013-09-03_04-52-05PM.log' for details.      We have installed all necessary library packages.               binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5.x86_64     compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64     compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386     elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5.x86_64     elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5.i386     elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.x86_64     elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.i386      elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.x86_64     elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.i386     gcc-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64     gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64     glibc-2.5-49.x86_64     glibc-2.5-49.i686     glibc-common-2.5-49.x86_64     glibc-devel-2.5-49.x86_64     glibc-devel-2.5-49.i386     glibc-headers-2.5-49.x86_64     ksh-20100202-1.el5.x86_64     libaio-0.3.106-5.x86_64     libaio-0.3.106-5.i386     libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.x86_64     libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386     libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64     libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5.i386     libstdc++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64     libstdc++-4.1.2-48.el5.i386      libstdc++44-devel-4.4.0-6.el5.x86_64     libstdc++44-devel-4.4.0-6.el5.i386     libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64      libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-48.el5.i386      make is already installed:               make-3.81-3.el5.x86_64      Contents of log file:               INFO: Calling Query fileQueries10.1.0.3.0  exists          filename = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a     INFO: Query Returned: false     INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  registerForMake             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/network/lib/ins_nau.mk             installTarget = ioklist             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             undoMakeFileName = null             undoTarget = null             undoArguments = null             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             progMsg = Linking Adapters          INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  registerForMake             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/network/lib/ins_nau.mk             installTarget = iokinit             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             undoMakeFileName = null             undoTarget = null             undoArguments = null             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             progMsg = Linking Adapters          INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  registerForMake             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/network/lib/ins_nau.mk             installTarget = iokdstry             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             undoMakeFileName = null             undoTarget = null             undoArguments = null             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             progMsg = Linking Adapters          INFO: Linking 'Oracle Database Utilities 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: Linking 'Oracle Database Utilities 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: 9/3/13 4:54:07 PM IST: Starting install Link Phase of component Oracle Database Utilities     INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  registerForMake             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk             installTarget = utilities             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             undoMakeFileName = null             undoTarget = null             undoArguments = null             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             progMsg = Linking Utilities Executables          INFO: Linking 'SQL*Plus 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: Linking 'SQL*Plus 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: 9/3/13 4:54:07 PM IST: Starting install Link Phase of component SQL*Plus     INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  registerForMake             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/sqlplus/lib/ins_sqlplus.mk             installTarget = install             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             undoMakeFileName = null             undoTarget = null             undoArguments = null             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             progMsg = Linking SQLPLUS Executables          INFO: Linking 'Oracle Programmer 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: Linking 'Oracle Programmer 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: 9/3/13 4:54:07 PM IST: Starting install Link Phase of component Oracle Programmer     INFO: Linking 'Oracle Internet Directory Client 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: Linking 'Oracle Internet Directory Client 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: 9/3/13 4:54:07 PM IST: Starting install Link Phase of component Oracle Internet Directory Client     INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  registerForMake             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/ldap/lib/ins_ldap.mk             installTarget = clientonlyinstall             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             undoMakeFileName = null             undoTarget = clientonlyinstall             undoArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             progMsg = Linking OID Client          INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  registerForMake             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/ldap/lib/ins_ldap.mk             installTarget = clientonlyinstall             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             undoMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/ldap/lib/ins_ldap.mk             undoTarget = clientonlyinstall             undoArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             progMsg = Linking Client-only Install          INFO: Linking 'SQLJ Runtime 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: Linking 'SQLJ Runtime 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: 9/3/13 4:54:07 PM IST: Starting install Link Phase of component SQLJ Runtime     INFO: Linking 'Oracle SQLJ 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: Linking 'Oracle SQLJ 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: 9/3/13 4:54:07 PM IST: Starting install Link Phase of component Oracle SQLJ     INFO: Linking 'Oracle Client 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: Linking 'Oracle Client 11.2.0.3.0 '     INFO: 9/3/13 4:54:07 PM IST: Starting install Link Phase of component Oracle Client     INFO: Linking in progress     INFO: Linking in progress     INFO: Link Phase JRE files in Scratch :0     INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0  make             registerOnly = false             installMakePath = /usr/bin/make             installMakeFileName = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/network/lib/ins_net_client.mk             installTarget = mkldflags ntcontab.o nnfgt.o             undoMakeFileName =             installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0             logFile = /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log             undoTarget =             progMsg = Linking ldflags Executables          INFO: Linking ldflags Executables     INFO: Linking ldflags Executables     INFO: The output of this make operation is also available at: '/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/install/make.log'     INFO:          INFO: Start output from spawned process:     INFO: ----------------------------------     INFO:          INFO: rm -f ntcontab.*          INFO: (if [ "compile" = "compile" ] ; then \               /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/bin/gennttab > ntcontab.c ;\               /usr/bin/gcc -m32  -m32  -fPIC -c ntcontab.c ;\               rm -f /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/lib/ntcontab.o ;\               mv ntcontab.o /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/lib/ ;\               /usr/bin/ar rv /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/lib/libn11.a /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/lib/ntcontab.o ; fi)          INFO: /bin/sh: line 2: /usr/bin/gcc: No such file or directory          INFO: mv: cannot stat `ntcontab.o'     INFO: : No such file or directory          INFO: /usr/bin/ar: /home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/lib/ntcontab.o: No such file or directory          INFO: make: *** [ntcontab.o] Error 1          INFO: End output from spawned process.     INFO: ----------------------------------     INFO: Exception thrown from action: make     Exception Name: MakefileException     Exception String: Error in invoking target 'mkldflags ntcontab.o nnfgt.o' of makefile '/home/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/network/lib/ins_net_client.mk'. See '/home/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2013-09-03_04-52-05PM.log' for details.     Exception Severity: 1     INFO: Adding ExitStatus STOP_INSTALL to the exit status set     INFO: Finding the most appropriate exit status for the current application     INFO: Exit Status is -4     INFO: Shutdown Oracle Client Installer      Kindly let us know what is the solution for this error.


title: Local mail not arriving when sending external mail through an external SMTP server

text: I am in the process of setting up postfix. I want it to send external mails through a GMail account and have followed the tutorial: http://rtcamp.com/wordpress-nginx/tutorials/linux/ubuntu-postfix-gmail-smtp/ It works fine when I am sending external mails! However, when I try to send a local mail to myself:               test@desktop1204test:~$ echo "The body 1" | mail -s "Local to me" test      I get this unwanted result in /var/log/mail.log (only the 14:56 lines are relevant)               test@desktop1204test:~$ tail -n 6 /var/log/mail.log      Sep  4 14:54:52 desktop1204test postfix/qmgr[3982]: 82DE9EFC4: removed     Sep  4 14:56:50 desktop1204test postfix/pickup[3983]: DE7B9CB21: uid=1000 from=<test>     Sep  4 14:56:50 desktop1204test postfix/cleanup[4565]: DE7B9CB21: message-id=<20130904125650.DE7B9CB21@desktop1204test.localdomain>     Sep  4 14:56:50 desktop1204test postfix/qmgr[3982]: DE7B9CB21: from=<test@desktop1204test.localdomain>, size=398, nrcpt=1 (queue active)     Sep  4 14:56:52 desktop1204test postfix/smtp[4567]: DE7B9CB21: to=<test@desktop1204test.localdomain>, orig_to=<test@desktop1204test>, relay=smtp.gmail.com[74.125.143.108]:587, delay=1.9, delays=0.02/0.01/0.85/1.1, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1378299412 f17sm10560634lbo.12 - gsmtp)     Sep  4 14:56:52 desktop1204test postfix/qmgr[3982]: DE7B9CB21: removed      It seems like it is letting smtp.gmail.com handle the message sending _even though_ I am sending a local mail. I have `relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587` in my `main.cf`, but looking at the documentation for relayhost it says: > The next-hop destination of non-local mail; overrides non-local domains in > recipient addresses. And I am sending a local mail... Here is my `/etc/postfix/main.cf`:               # TLS parameters     smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem     smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key     smtpd_use_tls=yes     smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache     smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache          # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for     # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.          alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases     alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases     mydestination = desktop1204test.farm, desktop1204test, localhost.localdomain, localhost     relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587     mynetworks = loopback-only     mailbox_size_limit = 0     recipient_delimiter = +     inet_interfaces = loopback-only          # From tutorial     smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes     smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd     smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous     smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem     smtp_use_tls = yes      # Questions   1. Why is this happening and how do I fix it?   2. I have never used local mail before. The only way I check if I got any mail is by issuing `biff y` when logged in as the `test` user. Is it enough or do I have to check it some other way? I just want to see if the mail arrived, to have a MUA installed is less important at the moment.


title: How does RPM handle file locations?

text: I am trying to create a .spec file for creating mapserver as an rpm package. I am building on an RHEL6 64-bit server. I am a bit new to the whole concept, so bear with me if I am not seeing something very obvious. In rpm files I can use some dir references like `%{_libdir}`, `%{_bindir}` and `%{_libexecdir}`. Where are these dir paths configured, and which can be used? The %files part of my rpm spec looks lige this:               %files     %defattr(-,root,root)     %doc README COMMITERS GD-COPYING HISTORY.TXT     %doc INSTALL MIGRATION_GUIDE.txt     %doc symbols tests     %doc fonts     %{_bindir}/*     %{_libdir}/libmapserver*.so     %{_libexecdir}/mapserv      but when I run my build I get the errors:               File not found by glob: /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/lib64/libmapserver*.so     File not found: /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/libexec/mapserv      It seems like the files that are missing are insted located in               /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/lib/libmapserver-6.2.1.so     /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/lib/libmapserver.la     /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/lib/libmapserver.so     /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/libmapserver-6.2.1.so.debug     /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/libmapserver.so.debug          /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/usr/bin/mapserv     /home/kfadm/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/mapserver-6.2.1-3.x86_64/var/www/cgi-bin/mapserv      How do I fix the rpm spec to find the files at the correct path?


Can I set defaults for rsync in non daemon mode? I know the daemon mode has this configuration file: `/etc/rsyncd.conf` But I typically use the non daemon version in this sort of manner:               rsync -avzcO --exclude-from=/path/to/rsync/exclude/list {from...} {to...}      Is there a way that I can set those flags to be defaults? I'm using `rsync version 2.6.9 protocol version 29` but I am happy to install a newer version if it has support for a default configuration file. I suppose I could setup an `alias` but it just seems strange if there really is not a config file.


title: service vs. initctl in Ubuntu

text: Why are some deamons run out of `service` and some out of `initctl` in Ubuntu? Do both tools do the same thing and it is just a matter of personal preference of the user what they will use? E.g.               sudo service --status-all      vs               sudo initctl list      In my particular instance `cron` runs out of `initctl`, and `ssh` runs out of `service`. But on Fedora, for example, both of those will be in `systemctl`.


title: Is it possible to change the key binding for completion in bash shell?

text: For `bash`, I would to modify the tab key for completion to the escape key. I know that key bindings are defined in `/etc/inputrc`. But I don't know if something like this could work:               `"\e" : complete`      I want to do that because my users were from Solaris where the escape key does the auto-completion.


title: intel-virtual-output for openSUSE 13.1

text: Where can I find the binaries for the intel-virtual-output tool for openSUSE 13.1? My Google-FU terribly failed me on this one and I have no idea how to compile it by myself (Source: http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/driver/xf86-video- intel/tree/tools)


title: XFCE: image as whole applications menu button, not just icon

text: This is what I want for my applications menu, the whole thing, not just the icon that should sit behind the optional text: ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/UMRA0.png) What I get when I change the icon is: ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/hsIKk.png) But what I want is this (edited in GIMP): ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/QwsC6.png) How do I achieve this? Thanks.