title: Mint 15 High temps on e-450, fan seemingly not reacting

text: I'm running a 64-bit Mint 15 on a Lenovo x121e with AMD E-450 and Radeon HD graphics. I'm worried about the high temperatures (I had Ubuntu before and never even noticed anything, so I never checked to have a comparison). My idle temp is about 60, simple browsing 65-70. Watching a youtube video gets me up to 75. I haven't installed LaTeX yet, but I'm worried compiling there - which I do a lot - will be even worse... Additionally I don't really see the fan rpm responding to the temp changes in a way I would deem appropriate. I'm attaching a printscreen of psensors for the temperature and fan rpm. You can see the temp go up from about 65 to 75 over a couple of minutes - this is me watching a youtube video - but the fan rpm stays at 500 +/- 2. What gives? (The max rpm of 570 you an see is from startup, then it falls to around 500 and stays there no matter what). ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/oXeUw.png) This is all with the laptop flat on a table surface, ambient temperature at 25. I like it being quiet, but I'd rather it make some noise than constantly work at such high temps.. Any ideas? Also, yesterday I left it idle for a few hours - all it was doing was syncing dropbox - and after I came back the max temp showed 80!?


title: D-Link DWM-156 HSPA USB Modem doesn't work with SIM card inserted

text: I have a D-Link DWM-156 HSPA modem, that I bought just a few days ago. The modem has drivers in its internal storage. There are Debian packages (.deb) for both i386 and amd64, so obviously I installed the amd64.deb using Software Center: `3g_modem_connect_D300_amd64.deb`. Then I did:               sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x2001 product=0x7d01      I have confirmed that the device switched to usbserial mode from usb-storage mode, as the product ID was a706 before. Although there are no commands like `usbdeviceswitchdlink` after installation. But here is the thing, the device is detected and I get the mobile broadband options in the network menu **only** when a SIM card is **not** present in the modem. If a SIM card is present, the modem switches to usbserial mode but after that, there is no change in the network menu. I can't use my modem in Ubuntu at all.


title: External VGA monitor port not working on HP Elitebook 2540p running RHEL 6.5

text: I'm running RHEL 6.5 on an HP EliteBook 2540p. When I connect the external VGA port to a projector or external monitor and press `Fn`+`F3` to switch to the external port, nothing happens. Under _System_ -> _Preferences_ -> _Display_ I only see one monitor. I have looked for Intel VGA drivers for Linux but Intel only offers them for Windows. I've also checked the BIOS and confirmed the port is enabled. What do I need to do to enable the external VGA port in RHEL?               My `xorg.conf` is below.          Section "Device"         Identifier "Videocard0"         Driver "vesa"     EndSection      My xrandr output is as follows:               xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default Screen 0: minimum 1280 x 800, current 1280 x 800, maximum 1280 x 800 default connected 1280x800+0+0 0mm x 0mm 1280x800 0.0


title: setup sudoers to mount network shares and loop devices and misc

text: I would like to setup sudoers to grant users to mount all kind of network shares and loop devices to their home directory. Here is a try that I found and changed a bit on one old post in unix.stackexchange.com:               Cmnd_Alias       MOUNTING = "/bin/mount -t nfs,smbfs,cifs  //* $HOME", "/bin/mount -o loop * $HOME", "/bin/umount $HOME"     Cmnd_Alias       SYSTEMDIAG = "/bin/dmesg"   # Yeah, I also would like to do this     %users           localhost = NOPASSWD: MOUNTING, SYSTEMDIAG      I would like to be sure this is fine before attempting it.


title: Converting .odm to .odt

text: How can I convert LibreOffice Master Document which consists of several .odt files into a single .odt file?


title: CentOS 6.4: SSH RSA key issue, "[...]== rsa-key-20140711\n failed"

text: For some reason `sshd` is reading from my `authorized_keys` file a new line that does not exist. I generated the keys with `puttygen`, copied the public key text in as required, concatenated the key into one long string starting with `ssh-rsa` and according to _Vi_ and _nano_ , there are no extra lines. However, from my secure log, every time I try to use this it's a problem. I get the `trying to get more bytes than in buffer error` as well as `error: key_from_blob: can't read rsa key` then the rest of the error which shows the `\n` after the key comment. It will also do `\n` even if I remove the comment. Any ideas what is the problem?


title: How can I dump the contents of a filesystem's superblock?

text: I understand that I can list the location of a filesystem's superblocks using the following commands. ### Example First get the device handle for the current directory.               $ df -h .     Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on     /dev/mapper/fedora_greeneggs-home  402G  146G  236G  39% /home      Then use this command to list the superblocks for handle `/dev/mapper/fedora_greeneggs-home`.               $ sudo dumpe2fs /dev/mapper/fedora_greeneggs-home | grep -i superblock     dumpe2fs 1.42.7 (21-Jan-2013)       Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-26       Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32794       Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98330       Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163866       Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229402       Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294938       Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819226       Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-884762       Backup superblock at 1605632, Group descriptors at 1605633-1605658       Backup superblock at 2654208, Group descriptors at 2654209-2654234       Backup superblock at 4096000, Group descriptors at 4096001-4096026       Backup superblock at 7962624, Group descriptors at 7962625-7962650       Backup superblock at 11239424, Group descriptors at 11239425-11239450       Backup superblock at 20480000, Group descriptors at 20480001-20480026       Backup superblock at 23887872, Group descriptors at 23887873-23887898       Backup superblock at 71663616, Group descriptors at 71663617-71663642       Backup superblock at 78675968, Group descriptors at 78675969-78675994       Backup superblock at 102400000, Group descriptors at 102400001-102400026      But how does one actually examine the contents of one of these superblocks?


title: Unix last password change date

text: My understanding is that the last change date(in `/etc/shadow`) is the number of days since 01/01/1970 that the password was changed, but I'm seeing numbers like 19708 which translate to 17/12/2023 (future). How is it so?


title: Arch Linux GRUB install: "EFI variables are not supported on this system"

text: I am attempting to install Arch linux to a new (and very crappy) HP Pavillion 15 Notebook. This is a UEFI-based machine. After several swings at it, I have managed to get pretty far. Legacy mode is disabled in the system setup, and I have EFI- booted to the Arch DVD I burned, and progressed through both the Arch Beginner's Guide and the more advanced Installation Guide to the point where I am installing grub. While `chroot`ed, I execute: `grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader- id=arch_grub --recheck --debug` This emits a ton of output, including: > EFI variables are not supported on this system The first time I got to this point, I continued with the installation, not knowing if it was an actual problem. Turns out it was, as when I rebooted the machine no bootable medium could be found and the machine refused to boot. I was able at that point to go in to the UEFI setup menu and select an EFI file to boot, and the Arch Linux would boot up. But I am now going back and reinstalling again, trying to fix the problem above. How can I get GRUB to install correctly?


title: Cannot install and use nvidia drivers (Wheezy)

text: I have a build with the GTX 560 TI card every time I try to install the Linux drivers (with Debian Wheezy and using tecmint.com or debian wiki as a guide), I always end up restarting X or the computer (same thing really) and X never starts correctly. The closest I got was using the first guide there and I actually got it to say that it couldn't find the device "nvidia" and there were no screens. I'm really not sure what to do from here. (if there is a log I can provide you with please let me know)


title: ENV variables in relation to xargs loops

text: Are env variables (set using `export`) treated differently when the same script is run multiple times simultaneously? That's a weird question, so here's an example I built out which is similar to my actual problem. **hello.sh**               #!/bin/bash     export COUNTER=$((COUNTER+1));     echo $COUNTER;     sleep 5;     /hello.sh      **nums.txt**               1     2     3     4     5      **bash**               # cat /nums.txt | xargs -L 1 -P 5 /hello.sh      **expected output**               1     2     3     4     5        (...5 seconds later)     6     7     8     9     10      **actual output**               1     1     1     1     1        (... 5 seconds later)     2     2     2     2     2      So running it just once, works fine. But when I start to run it multiple time in parallel is when i witness this behavior. I assume it's for a reason but I have no clue how to prevent it. To add background, my goal here is so that when each script finishes, it starts back up with the next increment read from $COUNTER. This way I can set it once starting with 5 separate threads, and each of those will continually increment and call the script.


title: Bacula: Stalled disk backup job doesn't resume when disk is remounted

text: I'm using Bacula to backup to a disk file. The thing is, I'm backing up to an external USB disk and I want the backup to be robust to accidental unmounts of the external disk. Ideally, I would like to have the backup job stall if the disk isn't mounted (so it doesn't swamp the server's HDD) but resume when the disk is remounted. I have accomplished the first objective by setting the backup directory to a specific directory on the external disk so that when the disk is unmounted, Bacula can't find it and the backup job gets stalled. When I remount the disk, however, the job fails to resume. My current device definition in `bacula-sd.conf`:               Device{       Name=Backups       Media Type=File       Archive Device = /mnt/backup/backups/ #Disk mounted on /mnt/backup       Label Media = Yes;       Random Access = Yes;       Removable Media = No; # Otherwise, Bacula expects the backup volumes to already exist on disk       Requires Mount = No; #Automounted via udev       Always Open = No;     }      Is there a better way to ensure that the backup jobs will automatically resume when `/mnt/backup` is remounted? * * * **Update** When I cancel the stalled backup job, the queued ones resume normally.


title: Have man pages display how far I am through the file

text: With `less`, the `-m` flag extends the prompt to include a percentage. But how do I get man to do the same thing?


title: grep to extract substrings in a string

text: I have an output for a command as below.               Heading1        I am one value.        I am another value.        I am third value.      Heading2        I am some value.        I am someother value.         I am new value.      Heading3      As we can see, there is a space in the beginning of the line if it is not a **heading**. I am trying to extract all the values under Heading1. I need the output as,               I am one value.     I am another value.     I am third value.       If I try the command,               grep mycommand | heading1       It gives me only the Heading1 line. **UPDATE:** I know, I have to extract the string from the starting of `Heading1`. But, I do not know the ending string (i.e, here I have mentioned as Heading2, but I won't be knowing it). All I know is, I have to extract everything till the next heading which starts in a new line.


title: Command works from a terminal but not in .profile

text: I included this command in my .profile file: `xfce4-power-manager --no- daemon`. The `.profile` runs at startup as expected, but it's unable to run this command (which is the last in the file, so other commands can not be in its way). However, when I run `xfce4-power-manager --no-daemon` on my terminal, in the same way, not being root, it starts the power manager above, with GUI and all. What can I do to make it run on every boot?


title: Broken package system in Linux Mint - Firefox looks like the culprit

text: Synaptic and the likes are giving me this error: You have 1 broken package on your system. I have tried to use the fix broken packages option but Synaptic simply crashes. It seems that Firefox 17.0.1 is the package causing all the issues. So I tried to use `sudo apt-get -f install firefox` and received these errors               $ sudo apt-get -f install firefox     Reading package lists ... Done     Building dependency ratio     Reading state information ... Done     Suggested packages: latex-xft-fonts     The following packages will be upgraded: firefox     1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 16 not upgraded.     1 packages not fully installed or removed.     Must obtain 0 B/22.4 MB of archives.     After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.     (Reading database ... 161323 files and directories currently installed.)     Preparing to replace firefox 17.0 + build2-0ubuntu0.11.10.1 (using ... /   firefox_17.0.1 + build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.1_amd64.deb) ...     Unpacking replacement firefox ...     dpkg: error processing / var/cache/apt/archives/firefox_17.0.1 + build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.1_amd64.deb (- unpack):     trying to overwrite '/ usr / lib / firefox / extensions "that are also present in the package mint-search-addon 2011.08.15     Please restart all running instances of firefox, or you will experience problems.     Processing triggers for man-db ...     Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...     Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...     Rebuilding / usr / share / applications / bamf.index ...     Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...     Errors occurred in the treatment of:      / Var/cache/apt/archives/firefox_17.0.1 + build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.1_amd64.deb     E: Sub-process / usr / bin / dpkg returned an error code (1)      Next I tried using               sudo apt-get install && sudo-apt get update reinstall firefox     sudo apt-get remove --purge firefox     sudo apt-get update      Unfortunately they were all to no avail. I also tried reinstalling synaptic but that too failed. What is wrong?


title: shell unexpected end of file error

text: I had the below script working in a linux machine.               page="$(curl http://www.google.com/| grep "title")"     if [ -z "$page" ]; then     echo "Empty page"     else     echo "Valid page"     fi      When am running in another machine, I am getting the error **syntax error: unexpected end of file**. Why am getting this error?


title: how to forward from port 80 to 8080 using iptables without opening port 8080?

text: The following iptables configuration work for forwarding port 80 to 8080.               #nat chains          *nat     :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]     :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]     :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]     -A PREROUTING -i bond1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080      -A PREROUTING -i bond1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8443      COMMIT          #filter chains           *filter     :INPUT DROP [0:0]     :FORWARD DROP [0:0]     :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]     -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8443 -j ACCEPT     -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT     COMMIT      However in this setup a user can send a request to port 80 and to port 8080 because of                -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT      Is there a way to define the ip table rules so that port 80 forwards to port 8080 but port 8080 is not exposed to the outside world?


title: Why do I have to make my own drivers?

text: Why does *NIX require me to `make` (i.e. build) my own drivers to install them? Couldn't they just be pre-built by the author and so long as they target the right CPU architecture I could install the binaries which would save me having to have all the right dependencies to build them. I ask because I am currently faced with this problem: make ASUS PCE-N15 driver errors on SteamOS. It has been suggested to me in another forum the the issue maybe they target an old version of the kernel - so what am I suppose to do in this instance? Are you telling me drivers target specific versions of the kernel and are tied to it - that sounds like a nightmare!


title: GNU Screen switch from vertical split to horizontal and back

text: I'm using a recent version of GNU Screen, supporting vertical splits. Once I have split a window in 2, how can I switch so that they are both dividing the whole region in half horizontally versus vertical? I need to change to horizontal in order to copy some text with mouse from one window without the visual selection overflowing and grabbing text from the other window. Then I would need to switch back again to a vertical split from horizontal.


title: Split file based on a pattern with leading zeros

text: I have a book in text format. I would like to split the book into several files where each file contains a single chapter. Therefore I'm using the following command:               awk '/Chapter/{i++}{print > "chap"i}' "$f.txt"      where $f is just the variable in a for-loop. I notice however that the files are named:               chap1     chap9     chap11      Is their a way to add leading zeros? So the files are named:               chap001     chap009     chap011      I'm using `/bin/sh` as default shell.


title: Setup multiple access points with multiple wifi cards

text: I've got an old PC with debian on it, which works as some kind of router. It is set up as wireless access point using hostapd. I want to setup multiple access points, one on old wifi card with 2.4hz, and one on new one with 5hz. I wonder if there is a way to do that?


title: API for panel applets on eOS Pantheon?

text: Is there any API (esp python or bash) to append new applets on eOS Pantheon's panel? I can't find proper documentation.


title: Can anyone help me in leaning bash scripts?

text: I want to learn bash scripting on Linux. Can anyone provide good links for starting bash scripts?


title: dd: 'bs', 'count' & 'seek'

text: I've read many guides and forum posts describing how to use dd, but one thing I've noticed is that people always use different values for the 'bs=', 'count=' and 'seek=' switches. Please can someone explain what these switches do exactly (the man page isn't very detailed), and explain what the best settings for them are for different tasks, such as creating files from /dev/random or /dev/zero, and overwriting partitions and external drives.


title: How to plot many linegraphs on one page with gnuplot

text: In gnuplot, I want to plot many line graph in one window. I drew graph with `multiplot` but the label names are not displayed properly, label1 and label2 are printed over each other. How can I solve this issue? Also can I save a figure?


title: Getting "NTFS5: No ang0" error message when booting Linux Mint

text: I am getting the following message as shown in the link below when trying to boot into linux mint 13. ![](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ISRKT.png)               Try (hd0,0): NFTS5: No ang0     Try (hd0,1): NTFS5: No ang0     Try (hd0,2): NTFS5: No ang0     Try (hd0,3): Extended:     Try (hd0,4): NTFS5: No ang0     Try (hd0,5): Extended:     Try (hd0,5): EXT2:      I am dual booting Linux Mint with Windows 7. I was able to boot Linux Mint when I last used it a month ago, but know I get the message show below. I haven't made any changes to the Linux Mint partition. Can anyone suggest how to fix this problem?


title: Where are internet connection logs stored in Mint12 x64 and how to analyze them

text: I am a novice in Linux who just switched from Windows. Today while I was surfing internet I got a message on screen > "XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX" IP is trying to view your screen. Click yes to continue? I immediately disconnected and also closed that window. Now I want to know how to retrieve my internet logs to see the incoming IP. What are the logs I should look at to analyze this? How can I secure the Linux box from further attacks?


title: Is there a program that can send me a notification e-mail when a process finishes?

text: I am a computational scientist, and I run a lot of lengthy calculations on Linux. Specifically, I run molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the GROMACS package. These simulations can take days or weeks, running on (for example) 8 to 24 cores. I have access to several nodes of a cluster, which means that at any given time, I am running approximately 4 or 5 jobs (each on a different node, and each on 8-24 cores). The problem is that the simulation take a variable amount of time. I like to keep all nodes working on simulations around the clock, but to start a new simulation, I need to do log in with a terminal and do some manual work. But I always forget how much time is left in a simulation, so I always end up constantly checking them. Is there any way that I can receive an e-mail when a Linux process finishes? Could there be a Linux program that does this? That way I would know when to log in with a terminal and prepare the next simulation. I am using Ubuntu Linux. Thanks for your time.


title: Would installing linux ease my Mac OS problems?

text: I have a Mac. I'm in college studying physics. Because of this, I would need to compile a lot of C++ libraries (think `vtk`, `gsl`, ...). I usually need to patch some Makefiles, compile from source, look for dependencies and other annoying problems, because it seems that Mac OS X, though Unix, has some differences with the default Linux systems. Therefore I was thinking about doing the old switcheroo to a Linux OS (probably Debian). **Q:** Would this be a good step towards solving all the compatability issues described above? (I hear from friends running Linux they have issues too), or would it be trading one set of problems against another? Is it worth it? Exchanging my 100% it-will-work-well _(1)_ operating system with a more widely used system yet that would have some hardware problems (probably)? After all a Mac is Unix too, so would the gain be profitable? * * * _(1)_ with this I mean that Mac software is built to run under Mac hardware, whilst Linux software, though universal, isn't. Trying some stuff out in VirtualBox, I noticed the correct keymap for my keyboard isn't available on Ubuntu or Debian. I also notice (from these same friends of mine) that Linux tends to have driver problems etc. Perhaps I shouldn't listen to these friends of mine.


title: Kubuntu doesn't reconnect to Wifi after waking up from sleep

text: I just installed Kubuntu on my laptop and it's working fine so far, except the wireless connection is not switched on after waking up from sleep. I do have to click "Enable wireless" so that it reconnects. For that matters, my laptop is an Asus N56VZ and the wireless connection requires Personal WPA2. Thanks in advance.


title: Problems creating nested directories in VSFTP on CENTOS7

text: So here at work, I was asked to migrate some of our services from Windows to Linux using free software, including for proxy, DNS, and FTP. I was also asked to try to avoid GUIs, so I went for CentOS 7. After a long fight, I managed to have CentOS 7 up and running with vsftpd running. I created an admin account and everything worked like a charm. What I'm having trouble doing is copying the directory tree I have in my actual FTP. I use said FTP to transfer files to my 30 clients. Each one has a folder numbered from 1 to 30 by customer ID and they can only access their own folder and subfolders with full permissions. These client folders are nested under a "Clients" folder which is managed by the area in charge of uploading files to each client. This area should have full access to every customer id folder. Right now it looks like this:               -FTP         -Clients             -01             -02             -##             -30      To accomplish something similar, i created the following accounts:               adduser uploaders -d /home/clients     adduser clientname01 -d /home/clients/01     adduser clientname02 -d /home/clients/02     adduser clientname## -d /home/clients/##     adduser clientname30 -d /home/clients/30      And jailed them to their chroot               chroot_local_user=YES        * When I log in to the `uploaders` account I am locked in my chroot but I can't access the numbered folders   * When I log in to any of my clients' accounts I'm standing on the root directory and can access almost every folder there.  What would be the correct way to achieve what I'm trying?


title: How to deal with a pre-packaged program not adhering to the Rule of Silence?

text: Concrete problem: Mailman comes with a script to synchronize mailing list subscribers from a flat file (sync_members(8)). This script does not very well adhere to the Rule of Silence. For example, when there is nothing to do (e.g. the current subscribers and the flat file are the same) it prints "Nothing to do." to `stdout`. As we're running this program every few minutes and any output is logged to our log server (with rsyslogd) which then sents daily emails with the logs there tend to be a lot of useless messages in it. There are several ways to deal with this, and I'm wondering which one is the most appropriate one:   1. Pipe `stdout` to `/dev/null`.   2. Use rsyslogd filtering to specifically filter out these messages.   3. Modify the source code of `sync_members` to adhere to the Rule of Silence.   4. Copy the source code of `sync_members`, modify the copy and use that one from now on. While each would achieve the desired result, each has its disadvantages:   1. What if at some time there's something interesting on `stdout`?   2. Seems a rather _"unclean"_ and _"hackerish"_ solution, and I daresay there are a lot of programs our there not adhering to the Rule of Silence.   3. What happens if there's an update?   4. Same as 3. I tend to option 2, though if I have to do this for every badly behaved program in our system... What do you think? Is there an additional option or argument in favor or against? Is there a best practice for this case (I daresay this problem is not new)?


title: Adding openSuSe mono repository?

text: Question: I want to install mono3 from here: http://download.mono- project.com/archive/3.0.3/linux/x64/ How can I add this link to the appropriate OpenSuse package installation program ? I tried zypper ar http://download.mono- project.com/archive/3.0.3/linux/x64/ mono3 but that yields "Repository type cannot be determined" Repository mono3 is invalid.


title: Read the title from a DVD?

text: I've noticed that each DVD image has a semi-unique uppercase name. Is there a standardized way for me to simply read this name as a non-root user in Linux? I'm on an Ubuntu 12.04 derivative running kernel 3.7. I'd like to simply get the name of any disk currently in the drive like so:               DVD_NAME="$( ./read-dvd-name.sh )"


title: Proper place to put shell prompt(PS1) when use sh/bash/zsh together

text: I'm using dash(sh) or bash or zsh. If possible, I would prefer to put in common place. I want to put proper PS1 settings when I interactive with shell, so these situation should be considered   1. login (show PS1)   2. su   3. sudo   4. script (Don't show PS1) I was put PS1 on .bashrc, but it seems not always workable.


title: Ignore "other" domains when downloading with wget?

text: I would like to crawl links under www.website.com/XYZ and only download the links that is under www.website.com/ABC. I am using the following wget command to get the files I want:               wget  -I ABC -r -e robots=off --wait 0.25  http://www.website.com/XYZ      This works perfectly when I use wget 1.13.4. But the problem is I have to use this command on a server which has wget 1.11 and when I use the same command, it ends up downloading additional domains such as:               www.website.de      www.website.it      ...      How can I avoid this problem? I tried using               --exclude domains=www.website.de,www.website.it      however it kept downloading those domains. Also note that I can't use `\--no-parent` since the files I want is in upper level (I want files under website.com/ABC by crawling links under website.com/XYZ). Any hints?


title: socat reliable file transfer over TCP

text: I am aware of disadvantages of "wait->stop" design, that usually is proposed with netcat:               server$ cat test.dat | nc -q 10 -l -p 7878     client$ nc -w 10 remotehost 7878 > out.dat      (It's not reliable : no meter how long you wait it's always possible that there was network bottleneck for one second longer. - Another thing -> why wait 10second if you can know immediately that data are transferred and start processing them !) I'd like solution, with **reliable and nice tcp stream closing**. I've found socat, with closing as described in `man socat` : > When one of the streams effectively reaches EOF, the closing phase begins. > Socat transfers the EOF condition to the other stream, i.e. tries to > shutdown only its write stream, giving it a chance to terminate gracefully. I found following commands working: Server sending file:               server$ socat -u FILE:test.dat TCP-LISTEN:9876,reuseaddr     client$ socat -u TCP:127.0.0.1:9876 OPEN:out.dat,creat      Server receiving file:               server$ socat -u TCP-LISTEN:9876,reuseaddr OPEN:out.txt,creat && cat out.txt     client$ socat -u FILE:test.txt TCP:127.0.0.1:9876      Is it reliable? Can it be improved? (Have I used right options? Are there better options to setup? - There are so many of them with socat)


title: Can I install a distro booted from a drive to the same drive?

text: I know how stupid this sounds BUT is it possible to install a linux distro that has been loaded to the drive it was booted from? I was thinking of installing Arch or Puppy to a flashdrive that Would be hosting itself. OR Is there a precompiled drag and drop style distro that you can drop the files to and run with constant persistence from drive to drive? Other limiting factor is that the overall size of distro must be <4GB. EDIT: To clarify, I want to install a system to a flashdrive that it is livecd'd from. Scenario for reference:   1. I use LiLi to put ubuntu-minimal.iso on a flashdrive   2. Boot ubuntu-minimal.iso from flashdrive.   3. Install the iso to the same drive it booted from.


title: Adding a user to a group by default

text: I have a group that all users on the system share. The group name is common and it is to allow for a universal fileshare for everyone on the machine. How would I make it so that all new users are added to this group by default? [No manual intervention needed on an adduser command]


title: fuser vs lsof to check files in use

text: I've been getting some suggestions on how to figure out why my serial port is busy. Specifically, when I try to start gammu-smsd, it refuses to start on /dev/ttyS0 because it says that port is busy:               sudo /etc/init.d/gammu-smsd start     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: Starting phone communication...     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: [Gammu            - 1.26.1 built 21:46:06 Nov 24 2009 using GCC 4.4]     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: [Connection       - "at115200"]     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: [Connection index - 0]     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: [Model type       - ""]     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: [Device           - "/dev/ttyS0"]     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: [Runing on        - Linux, kernel 2.6.32-42-server (#95-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 25 16:10:49 UTC 2012)]     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: [System error     - open in serial_open, 16, "Device or resource busy"]     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: gammu: Init:GSM_TryGetModel failed with error DEVICEOPENERROR[2]: Error opening device. Unknown, busy or no permissions.     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: Can't open device (Error opening device. Unknown, busy or no permissions.:2)     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: Using PGSQL service     Sep 30 16:16:51 porkypig gammu-smsd[25355]: Disconnecting from PostgreSQL      I used two different commands. Both of them find different processes culpable. First I try fuser:               fuser -m -u /dev/ttyS0      /dev/ttyS0:          21624(guarddoggps)     cd /proc/21624     cat status     Name:   dropbox     State:  S (sleeping)     Tgid:   21624     Pid:    21624     PPid:   1     TracerPid:  0     Uid:    1001    1001    1001    1001     Gid:    1001    1001    1001    1001     FDSize: 64     Groups: 5 27 1001 5004      VmPeak:   873732 kB     VmSize:   806040 kB     VmLck:         0 kB     VmHWM:    207668 kB     VmRSS:    131864 kB     VmData:   547820 kB     VmStk:       160 kB     VmExe:      3524 kB     VmLib:     29660 kB     VmPTE:      1244 kB     Threads:    21     SigQ:   0/16382     SigPnd: 0000000000000000     ShdPnd: 0000000000000000     SigBlk: 0000000000000000     SigIgn: 0000000001001000     SigCgt: 00000001800004c8     CapInh: 0000000000000000     CapPrm: 0000000000000000     CapEff: 0000000000000000     CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff     Cpus_allowed:   ff     Cpus_allowed_list:  0-7     Mems_allowed:   00000000,00000001     Mems_allowed_list:  0     voluntary_ctxt_switches:    202     nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 1      So fuser says dropbox is using it. Then I use lsof:               sudo lsof | grep ttyS0     screen    23520        root    6u      CHR               4,64         0t0       1421 /dev/ttyS0      lsof says screen (rather than dropbox) is using it. So which of these programs (dropbox or screen) is really causing gammu-smsd to refuse to start because of the resourcing being "busy"?


title: How can I exclude some library paths listed in " pkg-config --variable pc_path pkg-config"?

text: I have Ubuntu 14.04 upgraded from 12.04 making dist-upgrades. I did many manual installations such as ffmpeg, libglib and so on, in the past. I have a nice custom distro now, it works well but I have problems while trying to compile applications. It stems from library conflicts between manually installed packages from source code and native distro libraries. A guy advised me to rename `/usr/local` it works but boot failed on next reboot. When I look for directories added by `pkg-config` with                 pkg-config --variable pc_path pkg-config      it lists                /usr/local/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/share/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig      I don't want it to look for paths in `/usr/local/lib...` How can I ban those paths not to let `pkg-config` look for?


title: How to treat a file as a single line with grep to apply a regexp search pattern?

text: I want to match everything that is between some lines with regexp but not this that match the start and the end. This sound to me as positive lookbehind and positive lookahead                   start text         bla bla          bla         end      There are multiple number of this kind of blocks so i would like to extract all this blocks and then for each of these blocks i would like to extract something based on a different regexp.So it should be something like:               match start      then match everything until the first occurrence of end     match start      then match everything until the first occurrence of end      and so on... so i made sth like this: (?<=start).*(?=end) This does not work because i guess i use the command line grep with treats the file as a set of lines and tries to apply the regex in every single line. Is there any way to treat the file as a whole line or this is not a good solution and i have to use a combination of various command line tools like extracting the text with sed and then build a file whose lines contains the concatenation of various lines from the initial file?


title: ARM cross compilation package not found

text: I'm trying for arm cross compilation on my `i386` machine using `sysroot` and `chroot`.I want to set environment variables like `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` to `sysroot`.Right now my code is not compiling because it is not able to find `.pc` files installed on `sysroot` path.I'm using `automake` and when I try to run `configure` script it is throwing that some package is missing.How can I resolve this issue?


title: What would cause file-roller Gtk-CRITICAL errors?

text: I'm running Fedora F16 (with XFCE rather than Gnome 3) and ever since I installed it I've been getting errors like this one whenever I run GUI software from the terminal:               (file-roller:4828): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_style_provider_get_style_property: assertion `g_type_is_a (gtk_widget_path_get_object_type (path), pspec->owner_type)' failed     (file-roller:4828): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_style_provider_get_style_property: assertion `g_type_is_a (gtk_widget_path_get_object_type (path), pspec->owner_type)' failed     (file-roller:4828): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_style_provider_get_style_property: assertion `g_type_is_a (gtk_widget_path_get_object_type (path), pspec->owner_type)' failed     (file-roller:4828): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_style_provider_get_style_property: assertion `g_type_is_a (gtk_widget_path_get_object_type (path), pspec->owner_type)' failed      This particular error was from opening a zip file using `gnome-open`, while opening `gedit` gives no error on launch, but the following error on every save operation:               ** (gedit:4900): CRITICAL **: gedit_spell_checker_language_to_key: assertion `lang != NULL' failed      I'm not 100% sure they're related, but I've been getting a lot of these and it seems basically any GUI program is likely to have one or more "CRITICAL" error before starting up so something fundamental seems to be broken somewhere I just don't even know where to start. Does anyone have any ideas of how to track this down?


title: Linux : Alternative of install_name_tool of MAC in CentOS

text: I am looking for alternative of install_name_tool of MAC in CentOS. Exactly I want to build MySQL on non default location. Also the shared libraries of the mysql binary should be on non default location and properly linked. I wasnt able to link shared libraries libssl & libcrypto to the mysqld binary.               [user@localhost mysql]$ ldd /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld             linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0x00186000)             libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x008e2000)             libz.so.1 => /lib/libz.so.1 (0x0097f000)             librt.so.1 => /lib/librt.so.1 (0x00912000)             libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00c70000)             libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00727000)             libssl.so.1.0.0 => not found             libcrypto.so.1.0.0 => not found             libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00a7e000)             libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x008b0000)             libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00a70000)             libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00755000)             /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00731000)      I am sure that openssl is installed in /usr/local/extra directory as i also installed apache perfectly, which is currently working, my configure command is :               cmake . -LH -DCMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/extra/include -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/extra/lib -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/var -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock -DCURSES_LIBRARY=/usr/local/extra/lib/libncurses.so.5 -DCURSES_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/extra/include -DWITH_SSL=yes -DWITH_ZLIB=system      While configuring it also shows :               -- checking for module 'openssl'     --   found openssl, version 0.9.8e-rhel5     -- Found OpenSSL: /usr/local/extra/lib/libssl.so;/usr/local/extra/lib/libcrypto.so (found version "1..")      Can any one suggest me a tool to link shared libraries to the binary.


title: Why does Vim only activate my highlight configuration after I source my .vimrc manually?

text: I was cleaning up my vimrc today, splitting it into separate files to make it easier to maintain. On completion of these changes, all my configuration, mappings and plugins appear to be working, except for highlighting trailing whitespace. I have the following lines in .vim/rc/appearance.vim:               highlight RedundantSpaces term=standout ctermbg=red guibg=red     match RedundantSpaces /\s\+$\| \+\ze\t/ "\ze sets end of match so only spaces highlighted      As I understand it, the first line creates a highlight group 'RedundantSpaces', and instructs vim to make the background of any text matching the highlight group red, when on a colour terminal. The second line defines the pattern used to identify text matching the highlight group. When I open a file in vim and start typing spaces on a blank line, they are not highlighted in red. If I run `:source ~/.vimrc`, the highlighting appears. If I remove the lines sourcing all my individual `rc/*.vim` files from `.vimrc` and put the above two `RedundantSpaces` lines in `.vimrc` directly, vim behaves as expected, and trailing whitespace is highlighted. However, if I leave in the lines sourcing `rc/*.vim`, and then have the `RedundantSpaces` lines at the end of my `.vimrc` (i.e. those commands are the last to be run when vim is invoked), the highlighting still does not work, and I need to `source ~/.vimrc`. It seems clear that something in my `rc/*.vim` files is interacting poorly with the highlighting configuration, however I'm at a loss to explain what that is. Nothing in any of those files should be interacting with the highlight configuration. Can anyone suggest what might be going wrong here?


title: Detecting X session in a bash script (.bashrc etc.)

text: Recently I put `xset b off` to my .bashrc. Now I'm annoyed by the error thet pops up when I log in via tty or via ssh, i.e. outside X session. First thing that came in my mind was `[[ -z "$SOME_VAR" ]] && xset b off` (well, turns out that testing variable being set vs. being empty is a different question). But which SOME_VAR is the correct one? So I diffed tty's `set` output and urxvt's `set` output to see which variables are set in X and missing in tty. As expected, there were quite many differences (listing only those that seemed relevant to me):   * `DESKTOP_SESSION`   * `DISPLAY`   * `GDMSESSION`   * `SESSION_MANAGER`   * `WINDOWID`   * `WINDOWPATH`   * `XAUTHORITY`   * `XDG_SESSION_COOKIE`   * `XDG_CONFIG_DIRS`   * `XDG_DATA_DIRS`   * `XDG_MENU_PREFIX` Which one is the most correct and universal one to test in order to detect if I'm in an X session or not? Something that would work across as many distros and platforms and desktop environments as possible? Or is there even better way than testing environment variables?


title: How to add my own created certificate authority to system trusted repositories

text: I was told that I can add my created CA to trusted repositories/authorities in my system instead of adding it from browser and configuring in in `ssl.conf`. Yet I can't find anything similar on the web. Is that possible?   I'm working on CentOS server .


title: Better string escaping for hg

text: So periodically I remove files that are listed as missing by the version control system hg. What I've noticed is that this (admittedly ugly) script I have does not properly escape strings:               hg status | grep ! | colrm 1 2 | sed 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs hg remove      It works in a lot of cases, but some strange strings like `recognition- systems2013/20110531-information-fusion.key/\\!\\(\\*-4.pdf` cause it to break. Incidentally hg tells me these strings are not "Windows safe"...whatever the hell that means. Can someone work out a better way to remove the files hg lists as "!" or missing?


title: SSL Configurations for Intermediate certificate

text: I had implement a mutual certificate authentication and it worked successfully for following steps :   1. create root ca (self-signed)   2. create server certificate and sign it with ca private key   3. create users certificates and sign them with ca private key   4. import server.crt as "authority" to browser and user.crt as "your certificates"    5. configure ssl.conf to add those lines :              SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/safaa/rootca/certs/server.key          SSLCertificateFile /home/safaa/rootca/certs/server.crt          SSLCACertificateFile /home/safaa/rootca/certs/rootca.crt          SSLVerifyDepth  10          SSLVerifyClient require      now I've added an Intermediate certificate to my flowchart and steps have became :   1. create root CA (self-signed)   2. create server CA and sign it with CA private key   3. create server certificate and sign it with server CA private key   4. create users certificates and sign them with server CA private key   5. import server.crt as "authority" to browser and user.crt as "your certificates"    6. configure ssl.conf to add those lines :              SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/safaa/serverCA/certs/server.key          SSLCertificateFile /home/safaa/serverCA/certs/server.crt          SSLCACertificateFile /home/safaa/serverCA/certs/serverCA.crt          SSLVerifyDepth  10          SSLVerifyClient require      now when I'm trying to restart httpd service : service httpd restart I'm getting               #sudo service httpd start     Starting httpd:                                            [FAILED]          #sudo service httpd status      httpd is stopped      I have tried to comment & uncomment lines but I had failed to make it work               SSLCertificateChainFile /home/safaa/rootca/certs/rootca.crt     SSLCACertificateFile /home/safaa/serverCA/certs/serverCA.crt      also , every certificate I had generated I did a verification and all of them five me that verify is OK , I also changed owner and permissions for folders of rootca && serverCA and make them the same for ssl.conf p.s : I'm running my bash for php . what have I missed ? someone had told me that I can use trusted repository in Linux instead of configuring ssl , is that possible ? where to add my ca to Linux to make it see it as verisign !?


title: What is the relation between the Linux device drivers "domains"?

text: As I'm reading about the Linux device drivers and power management API I keep encountering terms like "system level", "subsystem", "platform", "class", and so on. What is the relation between them? Is the system a subtype of platform? Or is system and platform exist in parallel with no inclusion relation? How does "class" differ from "system"? What each domain is good for (i.e. if I want to implement a certain functionality, should it be a class level functionality, or or platform functionality, or some other etcetera)? In short, can someone explain to me what these different things are?


title: How to get the first word of a string?

text: When I `'echo *'` I get the following output:               file1 file2 file3 ...      What I want is to pick out the first word. How can I proceed?


title: Use UMTS Stick as a "dial in" modem - no dataplan required

text: I would like to create an on demand very low bandwidth data connection between two computers. For this I am planing to have a proxy and a client which both have a umts modem (e.g. huawei e169). The simcard inside the proxies umts stick has the ability to call the clients number for free! When I want access to the client from the proxy I want to do the following:               Proxy:        Calls client ->      Client:       Picks up ->     Proxy/Client: Use some kind of protocol to establish an internet connection       When I want access from the client to the proxy I want to do the following:               Client:       Calls proxy ->      Proxy:        Declines the call ->     Proxy:        Calls client back ->     Client:       Picks up ->     Proxy/Client: Use some kind of protocol to establish an internet connection                   using DTMF or something like it.      Now to the questions:   * Is it possible to place/receive calls in linux (debian)?   * Is this possible with the Huawei E169? I chose it as it seemed to have very good linux support but am able to switch.   * Is it possible to use pppd for this?   * Else is it possible to redirect the phone output to something like python and work with it from there? Is this where I could use mgetty?


title: Having owner access on files upon mounted NFS directory

text: I have a Linux RedHat server and a Solaris 10 client. I have mounted a directory which locates on the RedHat server, in the Solaris system with RW(read/write) option. I already have some directories on the server (Redhat), created using a user, say ruser. The permissions on those directories are **drwxr-xr-x** . I mean it must be like this so that only the owner can write on the directory. the problem is, when I try to write to these directories from my Solaris system through the mounted directory, I get the permission denied error. however when I change the directory permission to drwxrwxrwx it works fine. How can I keep my **drwxr-xr-x** permission on the server while I am able to write through the mounted client directory? I've already tried creating the same user(ruser) with the same password on the client system, but it seems not enough yet. Any idea? thanks.


title: What's technical difference between official virtualbox and VirtualBox-OSE?

text: What's technical difference between official VirtualBox and VirtualBox-OSE? My scenario: I'm using Debian sid, it uses a `3.2.0-4` kernel. When you want to download VirtualBox, you have 3 options:   * customized for distro: such as Debian, Fedora and so on,   * `.bin`, and   * source code. When you install a customized on recommended distro, It means on its kernel, you don't have any problem. When you compile a kernel or install a kernel that virtualbox.org doesn't support you get kernel oops. I posted it on the VirtualBox forum, but I didn't get an answer. Maybe I will just install on a certified kernel or install VirtualBox from repository. **Question:** I don't have any idea on VirtualBox-OSE, such as speed, memory, and etc. Do have experience on it?What's technical difference between official VirtualBox and VirtualBox-OSE?


title: run a command as different user with available sudo permissions

text: I want to run the below command               echo 1000 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness      i cannot do it it like below beecause bash is the process that actually directs output to the root-owned brightness file.               sudo echo 1000 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness      so how would i run this command but i   * do not want to be prompted for root password   * do not want to login as root, execute command and exit   * should use available sudo permissions available for current user to execute command


title: Difference between sar -W and sar -B ?

text: What is the difference between the output from sar -W and sar -B they seem to be similar but the man pages only confuse me further on this matter any who clarify this for me ?


title: How to extend LVM in RHEL 5.6

text: I need to extend the LVM on one server. This is the output of `df -h`:               Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on     /dev/cciss/c0d0p2      58G   26G   29G  48% /     /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00                           476G   86G  366G  19% /u001/app/oracle     /dev/cciss/c0d0p1     487M   17M  445M   4% /boot     tmpfs                  16G  730M   16G   5% /dev/shm      And I need to extend `/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00` from 475G to 700G. I have enough space to do this. Any suggestions? _Please mention all steps and prerequisites_ ### Further Details Before I go and apply this on actual server. I first plan to do this on a virtual machine. So I installed 5.6 on VirtualBox and assigned 25GB for installation. `df -h` result: ![df -h](http://i.stack.imgur.com/w8C6m.png) And when I used the command               lvextend -L +500M /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVoll00      its reply was “insufficient space”. ![lvextend](http://i.stack.imgur.com/AN6Ri.png) Although there is uninitialized space ready to be used. ![vgdisplay](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Le4ck.png) Seems it didn't work. Please advice whats wrong here. ### Output of `vgs` and `pvs` commands ![vgs & pvs](http://i.stack.imgur.com/45ibq.png)


title: opengl/glx core dumps - generic intel linux drivers, RHEL6

text: Recently, I switched from using a dedicated ATI video card and proprietary drivers to the onboard Intel video card and default/generic Intel drivers because the ATI video card was damaged and I couldn't get the proprietary driver to play nicely with my X server. Anyway, now I get core dumps whenever a program that uses OpenGL runs. E.g.:               [birdsnest ~]% glxinfo -v       name of display: :0     zsh: segmentation fault (core dumped)  glxinfo -v      T̶h̶e̶r̶e̶ ̶i̶s̶ ̶n̶o̶t̶h̶i̶n̶g̶ ̶s̶u̶s̶p̶i̶c̶i̶o̶u̶s̶ ̶i̶n̶ ̶m̶y̶ ̶/̶v̶a̶r̶/̶l̶o̶g̶/̶x̶o̶r̶g̶.̶0̶.̶l̶o̶g̶,̶ ̶a̶n̶d̶ ̶a̶l̶l̶ ̶a̶p̶p̶e̶a̶r̶s̶ ̶t̶o̶ ̶b̶e̶ ̶w̶e̶l̶l̶:̶               [    33.580] (II) LoadModule: "glx"     [    33.604] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so     [    33.645] (II) Module glx: vendor="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc."     [    33.645]    compiled for 6.9.0, module version = 1.0.0     [    33.645] Loading extension GLX     [    33.645] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0     [    33.645] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1     [    33.645] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 2     [    33.645] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3     [    33.645] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout     [    33.645] (II) LoadModule: "intel"     [    33.645] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so     [    33.700] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [    33.700]    compiled for 1.12.99.905, module version = 2.20.2     [    33.700]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [    33.700]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0     [    33.700] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"     [    33.700] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so     [    33.709] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [    33.709]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 2.3.2     [    33.709]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [    33.709]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0     [    33.709] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"     [    33.710] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so     [    33.723] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [    33.723]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 0.5.0     [    33.723]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [    33.723]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0     [    33.723] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"     [    33.723] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so     [    33.731] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"     [    33.731]    compiled for 1.12.99.905, module version = 0.4.3     [    33.731]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver     [    33.731]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0     [    33.731] (II) intel: Driver for Intel Integrated Graphics Chipsets: i810,             i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G, 915G,             E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM, Pineview G,             965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33, GM45,             4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43, B43, Clarkdale, Arrandale,             Sandybridge Desktop (GT1), Sandybridge Desktop (GT2),             Sandybridge Desktop (GT2+), Sandybridge Mobile (GT1),             Sandybridge Mobile (GT2), Sandybridge Mobile (GT2+),             Sandybridge Server, Ivybridge Mobile (GT1), Ivybridge Mobile (GT2),             Ivybridge Desktop (GT1), Ivybridge Desktop (GT2), Ivybridge Server,             Ivybridge Server (GT2)     [    33.731] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa     [    33.731] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms     [    33.731] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev     [    33.731] (++) using VT number 1      edit: backtrace from core dump (I have no idea how useful this is or what to make of it):               Core was generated by `glxinfo -l'.     Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.     #0  0x000000341ea0a240 in xcb_glx_query_server_string_string_length () from /usr/lib64/libxcb-glx.so.0     Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glx-utils-9.0-0.8.el6_4.3.x86_64     (gdb) bt     #0  0x000000341ea0a240 in xcb_glx_query_server_string_string_length () from /usr/lib64/libxcb-glx.so.0     #1  0x00000031fa444bf4 in __glXQueryServerString () from /usr/lib64/libGL.so.1     #2  0x00000031fa420ca0 in ?? () from /usr/lib64/libGL.so.1     #3  0x00000031fa41d92d in ?? () from /usr/lib64/libGL.so.1     #4  0x00000031fa41ea8f in glXChooseVisual () from /usr/lib64/libGL.so.1     #5  0x000000000040163e in ?? ()     #6  0x0000000000402d8a in ?? ()     #7  0x000000340c61ecdd in __libc_start_main () from /lib64/libc.so.6     #8  0x0000000000401179 in ?? ()     #9  0x00007fffd0ae5628 in ?? ()     #10 0x000000000000001c in ?? ()     #11 0x0000000000000002 in ?? ()     #12 0x00007fffd0ae74d2 in ?? ()     #13 0x00007fffd0ae74da in ?? ()     #14 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()      So I'm not sure if this is a driver issue or something else, and I have no clue how to debug. Does anybody know how I should go about debugging this issue? edit: I just noticed the line `Module glx: vendor="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc."` in my xorg log. I noticed that file has a fairly recent last modified time - around the time I installed the ATI video drivers. Is it possible that this library was clobbered when I installed the proprietary ATI driver?


title: Interactively concatenate video files

text: ## Problem : **How to concatenate (join) multiple MP4 video files into one file interactively?** There are a lot of programs that do this for two files from the command line. For instance :   `ffmpeg`,   `avconv`,   `MP4Box` But we frequently need a solution to do this interactively.


title: RHEL - shutdown a locked out system

text: I have a RHEL system which is locked out. I don't have the password of the system. If am able to shut it down or properly restart it, I can edit the kernel to have single mode and then reset the password. But for that, I need to shut down the system without affecting any of the user processes. Is there any way of doing it rather than the long press or killing of the power?


title: Remapping keys in vim's "directory view"

text: The "Netrw Directory Listing" you get by opening a directory in vim (e.g. `:e .`) seems to use a different set of keybindings than plain vim for navigation I have my hjkl keys remapped thus:               noremap d h     noremap h gj     noremap t gk     noremap n l     noremap e d     noremap l n      But when I press 't' (aka arrow-up) in the directory listing, it actually opens the file under the cursor, instead of going up. How do I implement similar key mappings under this directory listing mode?


title: Easiest way to upgrade my onboard NIC drivers on a machine without connectivity?

text: I was assigned a workstation where I work and I needed to install Debian on it. I chose Wheezy because the other machines I use also have it, but I ran into a problem. The workstation is a _Dell Optiplex 990_ (I should've opted out of it.), and it has the following ethernet card on it:               $ lspci | grep Network          $ Intel Corporation 82579LM Gigabit Network       Apparently, the stable release of Debian 7.1 does not support this driver. The best way to update the more up-to-date version would be to just compile the newer driver. This is where my trouble begins though. To compile the driver, I need a kernel development package. To create the kernel development package and compile the custom kernel, I need a boatload of other packages (notably gcc, make, etc.) that have a lot of dependencies. Since I don't want to get too deep inside dependency hell, I was wondering what my best course of action here could be. Trying to install _all_ the dependencies manually will probably result in an error somewhere even if I'm careful, as I'm dealing with kernel stuff here. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.


title: run x and getty on the same virtual console?

text: is it possible to start the x server on a virtual console that is running `getty` already? i like the responsiveness of `getty` - scrolling through the `man` pages or scrolling in `vi` is much quicker than `xterm` (gnome terminal). but i also like being able to `alt`+`tab` between web browser and `xterm`. it would be great if i could `alt`+`tab` between `getty` and my `chromium` web browser. i'm running debian wheezy with gnome. p.s. i know i could switch between `x` on tty7 and `getty` on tty6 say, but if i do it this way then i cannot use `alt`+`tab`.


title: No monetdbd installed on linux64 (opensuse 12.2)

text: I have installed `monetdb` from `MonetDB-11.15.7.zip` on a linux64 box following the instruction in the `HowToStart.rst` file. The Download is available here. According to the Monetdb's quick start page I should be able to run (note monetdb **is not** monetdbd)               shell> monetdbd create /path/to/mydbfarm      but there's no **`monetdbd`** installed on my system according to               find / -iname "*monetdbd"      Instead **`monetdb`** and `mclient` are installed, but I got respectively               monetdb status     > monetdb: cannot find a control socket, use -h and/or -p          mclient     > could not connect to localhost:50000: Connection refused      What has gone wrong with my installation? **SOLVED** Actually I should have payed attention to the `./configure` output               ./configure ...          * Enabled/disabled components:         gdk is enabled         monetdb5 is enabled         sql is enabled         jaql is enabled         geom is enabled         fits is enabled         rdf is disabled (by default)         datacell is disabled (by default)         odbc is enabled         jdbc is enabled         control is enabled         testing is enabled      Most of the needed library were missing when I first installed it.


title: Mounting external HFS+ device with truecrypt - read only file-system

text: I´m trying to mount my external HFS+ HDDs on my raspberry pi with raspbian "wheezy". The disks are encrypted with truecrypt so I mount them with the command `truecrypt /dev/sda /media/usbdisk/disk1`. But each time I try to write something to the disk, for example a new folder, it tells me   `mkdir: cannot create directory 'newFolder': Read-only file system`. I´ve tried to google that but could not find anything that solves the problem. I have already installed the packages `hfsplus`, `hfsutils` and `hfsprogs`. Does anyone know what I have to do to write something to the disks?


title: Problems with tight vnc on Suse 11 enterprise x86_x64

text: We have a production machine running Suse 11 Enterprise Server x86_x64 with tigtvnc as the VNC server used to connect remotely via UltraVNC view on a Windows 7 machine. Up to this point, the setup has worked wonderfully. This machine is one of lesser accessed machines by one of my coworkers that prefers a GUI administration. With that said, I am not sure when the problem started or what might have caused it. The first sign of the problem that was noticed was when trying to launch Konqueror. It acts like it tries to start (as evident in the task bar) for a moment, then disappears and nothing ever launches. The other problem is that when you go to add a widget, then entire X session greys out with the only option to end the VNC session. The real problem is when I try to kill the session via putty I get:               server:/ # vncserver -kill :1          Cant't find file /root/.vnc/server:1.pid     You'll have to kill Xvnc process manually      And when I try to start it:               server:/ # vnserver :1     A VNC server is already running as :1      Also tried this:               server:/ # /sbin/service vncserver stop     service: no such service vncserver      And using `ps -A` doesn't reveal anything VNC related (Xvnc, vncserver, etc. I'll post the process list if requested) What gives? **How do I kill this thing?** Since it's on a production machine, any restart request is a big bureaucratic process, so I am trying to avoid that as well.


title: Unicode text doesn't appeared correctly in shell

text: I'm using the terminal in Kali Linux and I try to type Arabic text the characters are shown but separated (appearance not correct) This what my shell shows me ex. لا ا ل ه ا لا ا ل ل ه, which should be لا اله الا الله ## can the shell support Unicode text the output of command ps $$ $PPID; locale                PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND      3777 ?        Sl     0:15 gnome-terminal      6092 pts/1    Ss     0:00 bash     LANG=en_US.UTF-8     LANGUAGE=     LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_ALL=      it seems it is utf-8 ok **can i change the font used for shell output to another font? and where the fonts located?**


title: Re-installing Fedora 20: are automatic partitions safe to use?

text: I intend to re-install Fedora 20 on a new computer as I am having a lot of trouble with the installation done by the vendor of the computer. It is a dual boot machine with a small Windows XP3 partition for things I cannot do in Linux (mainly proprietary software for electronic devices) It may be my fault fumbling things that has caused the problems, but anyway I want to re-install it from the official DVD. My question is: can I just accept the automatic partitioning, will it preserve the existing partitions, and will the dual boot Grub still work? I have no data stored on the new machine: all that was backed up on separate hard drives from the old one, and I have done no permanent work on the new one. Please can anyone help, with just this simple one (or one and a bit) question? I don't want answers giving reasons why I shouldn't do it, however kindly intended. Reading the list of "Similar Questions", this may have been already answered, but it looks as though I will lose this typing if I leave the page to go and look. I apologise if that is the case.


title: Why does the kernel boot faster with less memory allocated?

text: This is not a important question, I'm just curious. Something strange happened, which isn't quiet clear to me: In the kernel command line, the amount of the memory can be set statically with the `mem=128M` (for 128 MB). If the `mem` command is left out, I believe the kernel figures this out by itself. Now, when I leave out the `mem` command, the Linux boots in `6.906 s`. If I put it to the max. of RAM statically, that too leads to `6.906 s` startup time, same with `80 MB` and some other values. But if I set `50 MB` or `60 MB` the system boots in `6.775 s` (that's a `130 ms` shorter startup time). But why ? Does it need less time for searching if there isn't much space left to look for? [ **Edit:** ] The time was measured on an embedded System with the help of a scope and a GPIO pin, which was set 'high' at very first command in the 1st- lvl-Bootloader, and was set to 'low' in the last script of `/etc/init.d/` An ARM9 SAM9G25 was used with 400 MHz (for further information about the CPU here's a link with its paramters link)


title: Multithread http downloader with webui

text: I looking for software similar to JDownloader or PyLoad. JD is pretty good but use heavy Java and for now have very weak web interface. PyLoad is awesome, include simple but powerful web-UI but downloading 10 files (10 threads each, so summary it's 100 connections running at around 8MB/s all) consume a lot of cpu - it's whole core for me. Do you know any lightweight alternatives? Aria2c is good for console but I failed to find any good webui, official one is good but after adding more files almost crashes Chrome :)


title: Bad superblock after server crash

text: My server (CentOS 6) crashed, and it now kernel panics on boot. It's currently using a mdadm RAID1 array with two 1TB drives. ![mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/vg_server2422-LogVol01](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Zec3w.png)   * `vg_server2422-LogVol01` is /   * `vg_server2422-LogVol00` is Swap   * `vg_server2422-LogVol02` is the partition with all my data. I have booted into a CentOS 6.3 LiveCD via. the Virtual Media, and I have run `lvscan`, which returns the volumes as active. `fsck` says: > The filesystem size (according to the superblock is 232603648 blocks > > The physical size of the device is 214958080 blocks > > Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt! If I don't abort it for LogVol02:               /dev/mapper/vg_server2422-LogVol02 contains a file system with errors, check forced.     Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes     Pass 2: Checking directory structure     Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity     Pass 4: Checking reference counts     Pass 5: Checking group summary informatoin     Error reading block 214958080 (Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes          Force rewrite<y>? yes          Error reading block 214958080 (Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes          Force rewrite<y>? yes          Error reading block 214958081 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes          Force rewrite<y>? yes          Error reading block 214958081 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes          Error reading block 215482368 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes          Force rewrite<y>? yes          Error reading block 215482368 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes          Error reading block 216006656 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>? yes          Force rewrite<y>? yes          Error reading block 216006656 (Invalid argument) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error<y>?      ...you get the idea. It continues for a long time. Trying to mount after that throws the same error (wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock). I've tried all of the SuperBlock backups with `fsck`, they all do not work. Any ideas? I followed one of the suggestions at Recovering ext4 superblocks and ran `mke2fs -S -b 4096`, then `fsck`, however after a while `fsck` just crashed with "Segmentation Fault".


title: Memcache 'stats' reports non-zero 'curr_connections' - but lsof shows no socket connections

text: Our memcache daemon reports non-zero 'curr_connections'...               $ telnet memcache-server 11211     Escape character is '^]'.     stats     ...     STAT curr_connections 12     ...      ...and yet, `lsof` shows no socket connections:               $ ssh memcache-server     # lsof -P -i -n | grep memcache     memcached 1759 memcached   26u  IPv4  11638      0t0  TCP *:11211 (LISTEN)     memcached 1759 memcached   27u  IPv6  11639      0t0  TCP *:11211 (LISTEN)     memcached 1759 memcached   28u  IPv4  11642      0t0  UDP *:11211      memcached 1759 memcached   29u  IPv6  11643      0t0  UDP *:11211       I am guessing 'curr_connections' does not mean what I think it does...


title: Any better alternative to chroot  on an OpenVZ VPS?

text: Are there any better alternative to chroot environment? I'm thinking about running nginx on a jailed environment. BTW, I'm on OpenVZ VPS, so modifying the Kernel is a no-no. (I think that prevents me from installing SELinux, AppArmor, etc.)


title: Escaping of meta characters in basic/extended posix regex strings in grep

text: Is it possible to escape all meta characters of a string inside a variable before passing it to grep? I know similar question has been asked before on SE (here) and also a good explanation here, but I was just curious about whether it is possible with basic/extended posix regex pattern instead of perl pattern? (currently I'm reading perl regex syntax to understand it first instead of jumping into the solution) **Why this requirement:** (Meta, not required for answer) I was trying to write a small script for splitting large files where I split files to `file_name.ext.000`, `file_name.ext.001`... etc. which works fine. Now I don't like to split those files which are already split (ie. have files names having 3 character extension which are all digits, and their size sum up to original file size. Now if I use a plain shell expansion like `file_name.ext.*` it also matchs files having `file_name.ext.ext2` and hence the total size mismatches and split occurs even though there's no need to resplit. So I would check only for those files having name `file_name.ext.###` where `###` are digits. My current expression to find file size of these parts look like this:               FILE_SIZE_EXISTING=$( (find "$DESTINATION" -type f -regextype posix-extended -regex "^$DESTINATION/$FILE_BASENAME(\.[[:digit:]]{3})?$" -print0 | xargs -0 stat --printf="%s\\n" 2>/dev/null || echo 0) | paste -sd+ | bc)      This works for simple file names. However, it does not work if some fancy name e.g. containing [ ] etc. Is there a workaround? I'm new to shell scripting and hence don't know perl much.


title: Understanding linux desktop

text: I use debian wheezy xfce and want to set up my desktop. But I read some settings are redundant. Hence I want to understand how everything works, but I am massively lost. Can someone please sort, complete and entitle the following list and explain me what uses what? KDE, Gnome, XFCE, X11, dgm, kdm, GTK(x), Sessions, lxdm, lightdm, compiz, Kwin, window- and desktopmanager... etc Always when I think I understood it I find new expressions I never heard before. Okay heres what I know. Gnome, KDE, XFCE are Desktops. They are on top of the stack. X11 is a library that displays something and makes use of the graphic driver, hence I think it is at the bottom of the stack. (But above the graphic driver)...


title: Cronjob for rebooting everyday

text: I have set this cronjob because I want my server to be rebooted everyday at 05:00               # file: /etc/cron.d/reboot     * 5 * * * root reboot &> /dev/null      I think it worked the first time as I was kicked out of the ssh connection. But now I came back some days later and found this:               $ uptime     07:12:13 up 7 days      Does this mean that it hasn't rebooted in 7 days? What is wrong?


title: Random restarts caused by a machine check exception

text: My laptop restarts randomly about twice a day. It shows the following error log before the restart. ![error log](http://i.stack.imgur.com/53vgG.jpg). Unfortunately I don't have an idea how to decode the Machine Check Exception (MCE). `mcelog --ascii` outputs nothing. Is there a chance that this is a software problem? The laptop is Samsung NP900X3C with the Intel Core i5-3317U processor. I use Arch Linux with the 3.13.5 kernel.


title: Is there a way to lock command line?

text: For example, in X session, I can use `Ctrl`-`Alt`-`L` to lock the screen, so it would ask for password to unlock and prevent somebody from messing with mine computer. But if I have an open terminal session on one of the tty's (which I can access with `Ctrl`-`Alt`-`F1`, for example) - then it is not locked, and somebody can still use it to do some harm. Is there a way to 'lock' that command line (with some background processes running in it, maybe)?


title: Permanently Storing a command in bash history

text: Is there any way to store a command in bash history permanently? The actual scenario goes like this:- I have a project in C and in order to configure my project, I have to run a very long command which is very difficult to remember. Once configured and build, I don't need that command for almost a month or so. Due to automatically deletion of old commands from the bash history, next time when I need that command, its not there in the history. Note: Don't post solutions like store the command in a script file and execute script whenever required.


title: Ubuntu Server - Access webserver from other LAN computer, setting up SSH or FTP, closing ports?

text: I'm running Ubuntu 11.10 x64 Server, with apache2 installed. The setup is pretty much default configuration. I have a few questions about; `DocumentRoot`/`Static IP`/`Connect from LAN`/`SSH or FTP?`/`Firewall ports services`   * I changed the `default` DocumentRoot location in the configuration file from sites-available to `/srv/www/000` from `/var/www`. Even though I changed `DocumentRoot` to the new location, in that same .conf file there are tags with `<directory /var/www/> </directory>` which were there by default, should I correct this, or should I only worry about changing `DocumentRoot`.   * How can I change my ip address to a non-DHCP static ip? (I'm talking LAN) I want to know how I can connect to Apache server from another computer on LAN, but also make sure Apache isn't reachable from WAN. (I'm not sure if it could be even be reach from WAN)   * Its my first time really messing with the configuration of Apache, I usually leave it at its defaults and just mess in `/var/www`. Since I'm not using a GUI or web browser, I can't program and check my work from the local machine, I need to access the webserver from another computer on LAN, how can I do this?   * I have no experience setting up or using SSH, but I'd like to create a group for SSH put my user in it, change the permissions for `/srv/www/000` for this group to edit only and allow SSH to `/srv/www/000` or, should I try installing an FTP server?    * If the only services that will be running on this server are `apache2`, `php5`, `mysql`, `SSH` or `FTP`. How can I check for other services that I might not need, and check for ports which are opened and I might not need running. I'm not going to make this server public to the web, but I'd like the experience of locking it down the right way anyway. Thank you for reading - I apprentice any advice.


title: Can't print from a remote laptop. The printer connected to the desktop computer is missing and randomly appears

text: I've got a desktop and a laptop, both of them with Linux Mint 13 'Maya' as OS. The desktop is cable-connected to a router and the laptop has a wi-fi connection to it. The desktop computer is also connected to a laser printer, a Brother HL-2130. What I can _always_ do is printing documents from the desktop computer. What I can _seldom_ do is printing documents from the laptop computer (of course the desktop is always switched on when I try to print from the laptop), because the printer is often missing in the list of printers (i.e. I can only print files as PDF documents). Then, without an apparent reason, sometimes the printer magically appears again and I can print. Is there a possible explanation/solution? Are there any log files that I can read to understand what's going wrong?


title: Switching from Xorg to console does not work

text: I am running Debian testing with Xfce. When I boot the machine I can see some usual booting messages, the last message is this:               Waiting for /dev to be fully populated ...      After a short time (1-2 seconds) the screen goes blank and Xfce is loaded. Now when I want to switch from Xorg/Xfce to a console as usual I hit `<Ctrl>+<Alt>+F1`. The console is correctly shown, however, I get no prompt or shell. Instead, I can still see that last boot messages with the message shown above last. The cursor is blinking after the last character in that message, the console however is not responding to any keyboard input.               $ pgrep -l tty     3345 getty     3346 getty     3347 getty     3348 getty     3349 getty     3350 getty      Any ideas how I can access the shell from this console?


title: How to customize Bash command completion?

text: In bash, it's easy enough to set up customized completion of command arguments using the `complete` built-in. For example, if, for a hypothetical command with a synopsis of `foo --a | --b | --c`, you could do `complete -W '--a --b --c' foo` You can also customize the completion you get when you press `Tab` at an _empty_ prompt using `complete -E`, e.g., `complete -E -W 'foo bar'`. Then pressing tab at the empty prompt would suggest only `foo` and `bar`. **How do I customize command completion at a _non_ -empty prompt?** E.g., if I'm sitting at:               anthony@Zia:~$ f      how do customize completion so pressing tab would always complete to `foo`? (The actual case I'd like is `loc``TAB` → `localc`. And my brother, who prompted me to ask this, wants it with mplayer).


title: Unable to get graphics to work on a Fedora 17 on a Intel Atom board

text: I have a Intel N2800 motherboard with the PoverVR Cedar Trail GPU. It seemed that it was not possible to make it work other than using some meego kernel patch that works on a specific kernel version. Even the graphical part of the installer did not boot up. To fix this issue I bought a Club 3D PCI-E x1 Nvidia GT-610 graphics card. With this card I was able to install the OS, but still can't get it to work. With the nouveau driver that comes with the F17, the booting gets stuck at the "F" logo. With kmod-nvidia drivers I got to the login screen, but it freezes there. When I installed the nvidia proprietary driver and used `nouveau.modeset=0` on the kernel command line to disable the nouveau driver it got stuck at booting after the text messages go past. After the text messages there is a black screen with the white "text cursor" in the top left corner. Every once in a while the screen blinks and show the text boot log that is presumably "below" the black screen. I read that more than one fedora user has resolved this by removing xorg.conf. I tried that too, but it didn't work either. After removing the file it gets stuck on the "F" logo, with yellow stripes and other "artifacts". The motherboard has only a single short x1 pci-e bus connector, so there are not that many other cards that can be tried. There is also a slight possibility of a mb failure, as the USB's seem to get sometimes unresponsive at random. Is there anything software related I could try?


title: What's exactly Compile time, Load time, and Execution time?

text: It's said, Compile time -- When it is known at compile time where the process will reside, compile time binding is used to generate the absolute code. Here I'm not sure what is the absolute code? Load time -- When it is not known at compile time where the process will reside in memory, then the compiler generates re-locatable code. What's re- locatable code? Execution time -- If the process can be moved during its execution from one memory segment to another, then binding must be delayed to be done at run time. If I have a simple C program, like Hello World.c What mechanism Linux usually use from three choices above to allocate the process to run the hello world program?


title: Mysterious file I can't remove

text: root@host [/home2/newgames/public_html/hello/cache/javascripttostring.com]# rm -rf *     root@host [/home2/newgames/public_html/hello/cache/javascripttostring.com]# ls     /bin/ls: cannot access http\260\353\232\366\354\a: No such file or directory     ./  ../  http\260\353\232\366\354\a     root@host [/home2/newgames/public_html/hello/cache/javascripttostring.com]#      What should I do? rm -rf * doesn't work. There is this one magical file that is in limbo. Between existing and non existing. The hard drive were once full


title: Observe multiple log files in one output

text: Is there an easy way to do something like `tail -f mylogfile` but to have the changes of more than one file displayed (maybe with the file name added as prefix to each line)? Or maybe a GUI tool? I am running Debian.


title: How to rsync over ssh when directory names have spaces

text: I am new to Linux and am trying to rsync from one server to another. The servers have the same directory structure but I am having trouble getting the remotes server to properly recognize the path name on the remote when there is a space in it. Here are the details The local directory is               mnt/xlses/split/v2/name with space      The remote directory is               mnt/xlses/split/v2/name with space      I have tried everything I can find the latest attempt was               rsync --size-only -avzPe ssh  /mnt/xlses/split/v2/name\ with\ space/ root@myserver.com:/mnt/xlses/split/v2/"name with space"      when that runs the first thing it reports is that it is creating a new directory I interrupt it and see that there is a new directory               mnt/xlses/split/v2/name      all of my files are in that directory I was expecting them to be in               mnt/xlses/split/v2/name with space


title: Google Chrome Repo (Debian Stable)

text: I need to install google-chrome on debian stable. Is there any way I can add the google's repos and have always the recent version of chrome installed?


title: Issue with installing CPAN XML::RSS

text: I'am running debian on my server and want to install the CPAN module `XML::RSS`. But I get this error: http://pastebin.com/5syPaQfe (Pastebin because it's really long) I'am trying to install RequestTracker and installed the dependancies with `make fixdeps`. The only dep missing is `XML::RSS`.


title: What are the reasons for each line in Makefile to be executed in a separate shell?

text: Each command in Makefile is executed by a separate shell. What is the reason for this? Why commands aren't executed as in a regular script? I am aware that it is possible to use one shell using `.ONESHELL` special target. But what are the reasons for default behavior?


title: Doubt when compiling USB/IP drivers

text: I need to install a USB 3G modem to a Windows virtual machine (running on OVM). The modem will be plugged on a Linux host. (Would Windows be easier?) I don't understand what the following README file says.               For newer kernels ( >=2.6.28 ), try linux-staging code!          This directory contains the source code of usbip drivers for mainline kernel.          [How to make USB/IP drivers]         1. cd $(top)/drivers/{version}/              2. make KSOURCE=/usr/src/kernel-source-2.6.20                      KSOURCE is the directory that your kernel was built.              3. If succeed, usbip_common_mod.ko, vhci-hcd.ko and usbip.ko are built.              4. Copy these kernel modules to client and server hosts.              5. Don't forget to make USB/IP tools. See $(top)/src/README.      The result of my `cat /proc/version` is:               Linux version 2.6.39-400.209.1.el6uek.x86_64 (mockbuild@ca-build44.us.oracle.com) (gcc version 4.4.6 20110731 (Red Hat 4.4.6-3) (GCC) )      What is this `linux-staging code`? It says I'll need it. Another thing is that the `MAKE` call requires the `KSOURCE` location, but I've checked it and it's empty. I should download and extract the `2.6.39` kernel source there, right? Where should I put the generated .ko files as instructed by item 4?


title: Executing a command inside a running LXC

text: I want to execute a command inside an existing lxc without going through the regular Linux init. `lxc-execute` command is for that I guess but I get the following error when I run this command on my existing test lxc.               sudo lxc-execute -n test -- service apache2 start       I get following error:               lxc-execute: Failed to find an lxc-init     lxc-execute: invalid sequence number 1. expected 4     lxc-execute: failed to spawn 'test'


title: How to query EFI signature

text: It appears that Grub-EFI will only boot a "signed" Linux kernel. Is there some command that will allow me to _query_ a given kernel image to find out what signatures (if any) are present on it?


title: unable to segment theora vorbis video file with ffmpeg

text: i am trying to split ogg video into 10 sec ogg video segments with ffmpeg segmenter.               ffmpeg -i www/VideoPlayer/Videos/wr3libvorbis.ogg -map 0 -f segment -segment_time 10 -segment_list www/VideoPlayer/Videos/wr3libvorbis.m3u8 -acodec libvorbis www/VideoPlayer/Videos/wr3libvorbis%03d.ogg      I got following error:               [ogg @ 0x9bda5e0] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 1: 567505 >= 567505     av_interleaved_write_frame(): Invalid argument      with `-acodec flaac` i could successfully segment the video. what extra options should i need to give, to segment into vorbis audio codec video?


title: Factor is too large

text: I'm trying to use a `factor` utility but it tells me that number is too large. Is there any utility that can do what `factor` doing but not tells that number is too large?


title: How to use paste command for many files whose names are not numbers? (paste columns from each file to one file)

text: To paste many files, whose names are incremental numbers:               paste {1..8}| column -s $'\t' -t        * What if your files wasn't named by number, but only words?   * It can be up to ten files, what should I do? In addition, you have a list of files that contains all the files you want. So far, my approach is:               mkdir paste     j=0; while read i; do let j+=1; cp $i/ paste/$j; done<list;     cd paste; paste {1..8}| column -s $'\t' -t      I have no problem with this approach, I just want to ask if there is any shorter one. * * * Actually my files have the same name, just on different direction, for instance `1MUI/PQR/A/sum, 2QHK/PQR/A/sum, 2RKF/PQR/A/sum`. The `paste` command should be `paste {list}/PQR/A/sum`. The list file is:               1MUI     2QHK     2RKF     ...


title: kernel config with strange dependancies

text: I am trying to build the Android Linux kernel from source following this README. The instructions very clearly state: > 1.1 Required enabled config options: > > After building a standard defconfig, ensure that these options are enabled > in your .config or defconfig if they are not already. Based off the > msm_defconfig. However, things get strange very soon with `FB`, which is missing: ![i.imgur.com/SF1VIBR.png](http://i.stack.imgur.com/SP1PE.png) Here is `FB` on a Gentoo kernel: ![i.imgur.com/watutXJ.png](http://i.stack.imgur.com/XeHiy.png) And it also has a PCI requirement. There is nothing PCI on an android, which makes me wonder. Needless to say all of the rest of the `FB` based requirements won't initialize. Am I supposed to be using a different version of the msm defconfig? `git@gitorious.org:linux-on-qualcomm-s-msm/linux-msm.git` is what I used. These modules are also completely missing from both android and gentoo:               CONFIG_YAFFS_SHORT_NAMES_IN_RAM     DAB


title: How to check if the ISO was written to my USB stick without errors?

text: I followed these _DebianEeePC HowTo InstallUsingStandardInstaller_ instructions at the Debian Wiki, to write a Debian ISO to my USB.               dd if=debian-*-netinst.iso of=/dev/sdX      Using `sha1sum`, I can check the checksums of my downloaded ISO file. How can I check the checksum of the USB stick devive, to be sure that the USB stick does not have any problems and that the ISO was copied perfectly?


title: When a member of multiple groups, how do I set the default group for newly created files?

text: With `umask`, I can determine the permissions for newly created files. But if I am a member of multiple groups, how do I set the default group for newly created files? This question seems relevant, but its answers relate how the system administrator can change the _default_ group for a particular user. I am not system administrator, but just a mere user, and have no permission to do `usermod -g` even on myself. So how would I proceed to set the default group for newly created files?


title: Does Desktop Environment effect the performance of program?

text: I was wondering why some DE use more resources while others uses less. Does it have to do anything with performances or is it consuming more resources because of it's appearance. What's difference between light-weight DE XFCE, LXDE and other DE like KDE, UNITY?


title: print all values of a file after removing some characters using grep

text: I have a file in which the values are stored as below.               Assistant Professor at SASTRA University     St John's memorial college     Paul George Univeristy     Department Chair at University of Texas      I am extracting all the characters after the first **at** using the below command.               grep -o ' at .*$' checkin.txt | cut -c5-      Now, I am trying to get the output as,               SASTRA University     St John's memorial college     Paul George University     University of Texas      This is the script I have.               while read -r line; do     echo $line     done < <( grep -o ' at .*$' checkin.txt | cut -c5- )      However, the script gives me the below output.               SASTRA University     University of Texas      How can I extract all the values?


title: What are the commands to apply changes made to /etc/ssh/sshd_config?

text: I have made some changes to `/etc/ssh/sshd` file and wanted these effects should take place.   I know I can run below command for the effects to take place.               /etc/init.d/sshd reload      But on my box I could not find `/etc/init.d/sshd` itself. So is there any other command can I run which is equivalent to               /etc/init.d/sshd reload       **Edit** : I am on linux kernel 2.6.28 running on embedded development board.


title: Source files with `*.in` extension

text: When poking around in some source code trees, sometimes I encounter files with extension "*.in", typically for non-compiled files that belong somewhere under /etc or /usr/share. For example, in openwsman source code, I can see file:               etc/owsmangencert.sh.in      which by content corresponds to               /etc/openwsman/owsmangencert.sh      when deployed from RPM (RHEL7), save for some variable references. I assume files like this are used in building process to finally appear in the mentioned path. But why are they named `originalname.in` instead of `originalname`? What usually happens with files like this before they land? How are such files called? Can anybody point me to the right documents? Note that Openwsman also has etc/owsmangencert.sh.cmake, which is similar case.


title: Rename directory inside of a tar archive

text: Is it possible to rename a directory inside of a tar archive? My use case is that I have an externally provided RPM spec file that assumes a tarball with a certain directory structure, and I have an externally provided tarball whose top-level directory name does not match what the spec file expects. I don't control either the script that generates the tarballs or the RPM spec file, so I can't make a change to either of those to match the other. What I have been doing is untarring, changing the directory name, and then creating a new tarball, but I was wondering if there was an alternative to doing that.


title: How to set special folder permission on proFTPD?

text: On one of my servers, I have ProFTPD installed in Debian 7. I need special permission only for 2 specific folders. These are: **_append_** - user must be able to append data to an existing file **_rename_** - user must **not** be able to rename file if same exists How can I do this?


title: Searching in many files

text: Is there some sophisticated technique to search strings in many files? I tried this basic technique               for i in `find .`; do grep searched_string "$i"; done;      It doesn't look much sophisticated and moreover it has found nothing in hierarchy of files.


title: How to get rid of "Alarm clock" message in perl timeout?

text: [user@notebook ~] time perl -e 'alarm shift @ARGV; exec @ARGV' 1 sleep 2     Alarm clock          real    0m1.004s     user    0m0.004s     sys 0m0.000s     [user@notebook ~]       My question: how can I get rid of that "Alarm clock" message?? I just want to terminate a process after given time with a perl oneliner..


title: Fedora 18 safe remove usb drive

text: How can I safe remove a usb drive from the Gnome 3.6.2 GUI? This feature used to be available in the past (up to 16, I haven't used 17) from the Desktop and Computer tab in nautilus. The eject arrow and the unmount features do not power down the device. So, is there a way to do this "old" safe remove?


title: How to move files from one directory to a nested directory using SSH?

text: I'm new to SSH. I would like to know how to move all the files, not the folder or directory, to an existing folder or directory two levels down.


title: Is there a way to prevent the creation of a given file?

text: When ever I use a browser reading PDF the acrobat plugin is used producing a file called `C:\nppdf32Log\debuglog.txt` in my home. Is there any way to prevent that this given file can be created? I mean I could create it with root permissions so that this file already exists but I want to silently vanish this file. I am using ext4.


title: Split tmux window with same command

text: I have a tmux window that I've open with a certain command. Is it possible to split that window with a new pane which also runs the same command, not the default command? The point is to avoid having to remember and type the original command again.