What's special about this wrench?
- Hex Key provides access to 3/16-Inch and 5/16-Inch hard to reach valves
- Adapter fits 1/4-Inch square wrench opening
- Spring loaded ball bearing locks securely into wrench
- Fits with Klein Refrigeration Wrenches 86938 and 68310 for easy ratcheting action
- Perfect for heating, AC, and refrigeration applications
- Proudly made in the USA
- Black oxide coatin
Adapt any 1/4-Inch square wrench opening to 3/16-Inch and 5/16-Inch hex head sizes. This spring loaded ball bearing adapter locks securely into wrench. Fits Klein Refrigeration Wrenches 86938 and 68310 and provides an easy ratcheting action for hard to reach valves. Perfect for heating, AC, and refrigeration applications. Made in the USA.Type: Adapter for Refrigeration Wrench used in HVAC. Overall Width: —. Weight: 0.7 oz (20 g). Overall Length: 2.125" (54.0 mm). Overall Height: —. Application: Valve Access: 3/16" and 5/16" Hex Adapter. Material: Steel. Special Features: Spring Loaded. Shank Type: Square. Finish: Black Oxide. Shank Size: 0.25" (6.4 mm). Hex Size: 3/16" and 5/16". Connector Type: Spring Loaded Ball Bearing. Diameter: 5/16" (7.9 mm).
|P1003011||Hex Key Adapter for Refrigeration Wrench||
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the red yarn | HOOFDDORP - NEDERLAND - KVK 63689766 | PRIVACY, COOKIES EN ALGEMENE VOORWAARDEN
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text:
|Publication number||US5441302 A|
|Application number||US 08/295,296|
|Publication date||Aug 15, 1995|
|Filing date||Aug 23, 1994|
|Priority date||Aug 23, 1994|
|Also published as||EP0698534A1|
|Publication number||08295296, 295296, US 5441302 A, US 5441302A, US-A-5441302, US5441302 A, US5441302A|
|Inventors||Kelly B. Johnson, Walter A. Moore, Leland B. Kort, Karl K. Rink|
|Original Assignee||Morton International, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (51), Classifications (14), Legal Events (7)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an inflator for an inflatable air bag, and more particularly, to such an inflator having a thin-walled hermetic liner, filled with stored gas, with a minimal number of joints required to be sealed.
2. Description of the Related Art
An inflatable air bag is a safety device for protecting automotive vehicle occupants in a collision. When a sensor discerns an imminent collision and the need for inflation of the air bag, an initiator is fired. This releases gas under high pressure from an inflator into the air bag which is initially folded. The air bag expands and provides a protective cushion that restrains the driver or passenger against various impact conditions.
Many types of inflators have been disclosed in the art for use in an inflatable restraint system. One involves the utilization of a quantity of stored compressed gas which is released at the stored temperature to inflate the air bag. Another derives a gas source from a combustible gas generating material which, upon ignition, generates a quantity of hot gas sufficient to inflate the air bag. In a third type, the air bag inflating gas results from a combination of stored compressed inert gas and a gas generating material. The last mentioned type, commonly referred to as an augmented gas or hybrid inflator, delivers hot gas to the air bag.
As noted in U.S. Pat. No. 3,756,621 granted to Donald J. Lewis, et al., on Sep. 4, 1973, the use of a quantity of compressed argon, an inert gas, is advantageous. Compressed air and compressed nitrogen have specific problems related to their use. Air is not inert and when compressed to relatively high pressure becomes a source of significant hazard. Nitrogen is relatively inert when compressed but contributes to the production of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide especially when intermixed with hot gases generated by combustible materials.
The inflator may comprise a quantity of inert gas under high pressure in a storage cylinder or bottle. An advantage accrues, however, where a stored compressed gas augmented by a generated gas is utilized. This advantage involves the addition of energy to the stored compressed gas to aid in filling the air bag. Current technology with hybrid inflators to obtain this advantage is to heat the stored high pressure gas with some type of pyrotechnic. Such hybrid inflators, however, are subject to a disadvantage, even when argon is used as the stored compressed gas, because the gas delivered to the air bag is hot and is mixed with a gas produced by combustion of the pyrotechnic. Such systems fill air bags with some types of gases, particulates or smoke that can be irritating or noxious to occupants of a vehicle.
In a recent improvement in hybrid inflator technology, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,301,979 that on Apr. 12, 1994 was granted to John E. Allard and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, cold pressurized pure inert gas (i.e., argon, nitrogen) is delivered to an air bag by an inflator with the addition of mechanical energy instead of heat energy. The inflator comprises a high strength container having a cylindrical section that is filled with the inert gas. A piston is located at one end of the cylindrical section with a high energy pyrotechnic behind it. During storage both sides of the piston are at the same pressure. An initiator is located in the high energy pyrotechnic. A burst disk is located at the opposite end of the cylindrical section. When the initiator is fired, the piston is driven down the length of the cylindrical section. When the pressure in the container exceeds the burst disk strength, the pure inert gas expands in a blow down manner into the air bag. There is no intermixture of gases or particulates produced by the pyrotechnic.
In order to ensure operability over ten (10) or more years, the life of the vehicle in which it is installed, the container of the pressurized pure gas inflator of the Allard patent must be hermetically sealed. Also, the rate at which the air bag is filled is slower and less controllable than desirable for some purposes.
There is a need and a demand for improvement in inflators to the end of providing a simpler, less expensive assembly process and the creation of an inflator that will fill the air bag quicker than a cold gas or blow down system of the same size and pressure, wherein the production of unwanted gaseous products of combustion are eliminated, and virtually no particulate matter is produced.
A rather comprehensive disclosure regarding fluid-filled inflators is disclosed in application Ser. No. 08/252036 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on May 31, 1994 by Karl Rink and Bradley W. Smith entitled "FLUID FUELED AIR BAG INFLATOR" and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. This disclosure comprises an apparatus and method for inflating a vehicular inflatable device that is adaptable to a variety of fuels and oxidants wherein a fluid fuel is burned and mixed with stored, pressurized gas to produce inflation gas containing little or no particulate.
It is an object of the invention to provide an inflator which meets the needs of a gas for inflating an air bag without the above-mentioned disadvantages.
Another object of the invention is to provide an inflator with a minimal number of joints required for hermetic sealing and wherein structural support is provided by parts that are not required to be hermetic.
A further object of the invention is to provide an inflator having relatively few parts, most of which are of low cost, and that is operable to fill an air bag quicker than a cold gas or blow down system of the same size and pressure and yet, in which the production of unwanted gaseous products of combustion are eliminated, and virtually no particulate matter is produced.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a low cost piston-activated, compression-ignition, fluid-filled inflator.
In accomplishing these and other objectives of the invention, there is provided an air bag inflator having a thin-walled hermetic liner, filled with stored gas, with a minimal number of joints required for hermetic sealing, as by welding. Structural support is provided by parts that are not required to be hermetic.
In order to actuate the inflator, a small amount of pyrotechnic is used to move a piston, crushing the liner and causing the stored gas to escape into the air bag. Optionally, the stored gases can be augmented by the hot gases produced by the pyrotechnic.
There is also provided a low cost inflator that uses readily available gaseous and liquid fuels and in which the stored gas is chosen such that it must be compressed to ignite.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages, and specific objects attained by its use, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated.
With this description of the invention, a detailed description follows with reference being made to the accompanying figures of drawing which form part of the specification, and of which:
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional side view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional side view of another embodiment of the invention in which the gas flow is supplemented by hot gases produced by a pyrotechnic;
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional side view illustrating a further embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional side view illustrating a modification of the invention embodiment shown in FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional side view illustrating an additional embodiment of the invention.
Referring to the drawings, there is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 an inflator assembly 10 for inflating an automotive vehicle occupant restraint such as an air bag (not shown). The inflator assembly 10 comprises a high strength container or cylindrical support tube 12. Contained within the inflator 10 backed by the support tube 12 is a cylindrical one piece liner 14 having a closed convexly shaped first end, and within which is stored pressurized gas (argon, nitrogen, air or other). The function of the liner 14 is to provide a hermetic barrier with a minimal number of potential leak paths, such as welds. The support tube 12 provides structure to the liner 14.
A piston 16 is located within the support tube 12 at a position during storage adjacent to a first end 18 of the support tube 12. On one side thereof the piston 16 is provided with a concave or hemispherical opening 20, that is, an opening that is hollow and curving inward as the interior of a sphere. The convexly shaped closed first end 22 of the cylindrical liner 14 is disposed within the concave opening 20.
As those skilled in the art will understand, it is possible to use a concavely shaped closed first end 22 of the cylindrical liner 14 into which a piston 16 having a convexly shaped portion is disposed, or a variety of other shapes. What is important is that the shapes of the liner 14 and piston 16 are closely matched.
The other side 24 of the piston 16 is planar, that is, flat, and positioned at an angle of substantially 90° with respect to a longitudinal axis 26 through the support tube 12. Contained within the support tube 12 between the end 18 thereof and the flat side or surface 24 of the piston 16 is a pyrotechnic material 28. Closing the end 18 of the support tube 12 is an inwardly curved plug 30 that is firmly secured in the first end 18 of support tube 12 by crimping indicated at 31. If deemed necessary, an environmental seal to prevent moisture penetration into the pyrotechnic material can be incorporated at the plug and piston interface. An initiator 32 for activating the pyrotechnic material 28 is located therein, being positioned in plug 30. The initiator 32 may comprise a conventional electric squib having a pair of externally extending terminals (not shown).
An end plug 34 is located at the second end 36 of the cylindrical liner 14 at a position adjacent the second end 38 of the support tube 12. The cylindrical hermetic liner 14 is welded or brazed to the end plug 34. The second end 38 of the support tube 12 is crimped to the end plug 34. That is, the interior wall of the support tube 12 for a short distance-at the second end 38 thereof is milled to form a circular groove 40 into which the end plug 34 is positioned after being welded or brazed to the cylindrical liner 14. A portion 42 of the second end 38 of the support tube 12 is bent or crimped over the end plug 34 to firmly secure it in the groove 40 in the second end 38 of the support tube 12.
A burst disk 44 is located in the end plug 34. The burst disk 44 seals a release or outlet conduit 46 that is in communication with an annular diffuser 48. Diffuser 48 surrounds support tube 12, being attached thereto by a weld 49, and is in communication with an air bag (not shown) to be inflated. This attachment does not need to be hermetic and can be made using a spot weld or other suitable means. Suitably spaced orifices 50 in diffuser 48 provide diffusion of the flow of gas from the inflator 10.
A fill port 52 also is located in the end plug 34. An inert gas under high pressure (typically 4000 pounds per square inch or less in the invention embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 3) is supplied through fill port 52 to the interior of the cylindrical liner 14.
In the invention embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 discussed hereinafter which involve the use of flammable or combustible fluids, the pressure is significantly less than 4000 pounds per square inch and is more on the order of 250-1500 pounds per square inch.
The liner 14 is a one-piece thin-walled insert made from a crushable material. The crushability of the liner 14 may be accomplished by using a flexible material, such as a plastic or heavy paper product laminated to be hermetic, or by using a thin layer of a stiffer material, such as aluminum, similar to a soda pop can.
The support tube 12 does not need to be sealed hermetically. This allows a simpler and less expensive assembly process, for example, crimping, instead of welding. The support tube 12 also eliminates possible concerns related to exposing the pyrotechnic material 28 and initiator 32 to high storage pressures. The cylindrical liner 14 is sealed hermetically in three places: it is welded or brazed to the end plug 34, the burst disk 44 is welded or brazed to the end plug 34, and the fill port 52 is closed, as by welding, after the inflator 10 has been pressurized.
The inflator 10 is actuated by igniting the pyrotechnic material 28 with the initiator 32, creating pressure behind the piston 16. The piston moves crushing the liner and increasing the pressure of the stored gas contained within the liner 14. This causes the burst disk 44 to rupture, allowing the inert gas to flow through the resulting orifice or outlet 46 in end plug 34 into the annular diffuser 48 and subsequently through orifices 50 into the air bag (not shown). Throttling can occur at the outlet 46 thereby providing the proper fill rate for the air bag. A coarse screen, perforated metal sheet or an expanded metal ring (not shown) may be included near the burst disk 44 to prevent fragments of the burst disk 44 from entering the air bag assembly.
Optionally, the gas flow can be supplemented by the hot gases produced by the pyrotechnic material 28. In order to obtain this result spaced radial orifices 54 are provided in the support tube 12 as shown in FIG. 3. As the piston 16 passes the radial orifices 54 in the support tube 12, the hot gases are allowed to flow into the diffuser 48, mixing with the cold gases before entering the air bag. Radial orifices 54 can be used to provide throttling if hot gas supplements the output.
If hot gas augmentation is not needed to meet performance requirements, the ports or vents 54 in the support tube 12 may be omitted, as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, the diffuser 48 can be changed to a smaller version at the end of the inflator or eliminated entirely. With such arrangements the pressure behind the piston 16 would bleed down through the unsealed joints of the structure after the air bag has been inflated.
The invention reduces the number of welds required to hermetically seal the stored gas and has relatively few parts. If the hot gas augmentation option is not used, the gases used to fill the air bag are clean and cool, eliminating concerns about toxicity, particulate and temperature. The inflator will fill an air bag quicker than a cold gas blow down system of the same size and pressure because pressure is increased through movement of the piston.
The invention embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 for use in air bag inflatable systems is a fluid-filled gas generator. This invention embodiment, similarly to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, consists of an inflator 10', comprising a high strength container or cylindrical support tube 12. A cylindrical liner 14 is contained within the inflator 10' backed by the support tube 12. Stored within the cylindrical liner 14 is a combustible mixture of pressurized fluid or mixture 56. The cylindrical liner 14 provides a hermetic barrier with a minimal number of potential leak paths, such as welds. The support tube 12 provides structure to the liner 14.
Located within the support tube 12 at a position, during storage, adjacent the first end 18 of the support tube 12 is a piston 16 having a concave opening 20 into which the convexly shaped closed first end 22 of the cylindrical liner 14 is disposed. Between the other side of the piston 16, which side is flat, and the first end 18 of the support tube 12 is a pyrotechnic, combustible mixture, or hybrid mixture designated 58. An inwardly curved plug 30 closes the first end 18 of the support tube 5, being crimped thereto. Suitably located in plug 30 is an initiator 32 for activating the pyrotechnic combustible or hybrid mixture 58.
Located at the second end 36 of the cylindrical liner 14 adjacent the second end 38 of the support tube 12 is an end plug 34 to which the cylindrical liner 14 is welded or brazed. The second end 38 of the support tube 12 is crimped to the end plug 34 as described hereinbefore.
A burst disk 44, located in the end plug 34, seals a release or outlet conduit 46 that is in communication with the annular diffuser 48 having spaced orifices 50 therein for providing diffusion for the flow of gas from the inflator 10'.
A fill port 52 also is located in the end plug 34.
As in the embodiment of the invention disclosed in FIGS. 1-3, the cylindrical liner 14 is a one piece thin walled insert made from a crushable material, characterized as previously described herein. Contained within the chamber defined by cylindrical liner 14 in FIG. 4, however, is a combustible mixture 56 instead of solely an inert gas.
The invention embodiment of FIG. 4 features two chambers, one designated 60, being a relatively small chamber and contained in the support tube 12 between the plug 30 at the first end of the support tube 12 and the closed first end 22 of the cylindrical liner 14, but not including the volume of the piston 16. The second chamber, designated 62, is larger and is contained within the volume defined by the cylindrical liner 14.
In the general schematic of the invention shown in FIG. 4, the small chamber 60, for convenience designated a driving chamber, contains a pyrotechnic ignition source, the initiator 32, in direct contact with the premixed, combustible fluid 58. One end of the small chamber 60 is exposed to the flat side 24 of the piston 16.
The piston-driving combustible mixture 58 may be composed of a wide variety of fluids or fluid/solid mixtures. By way of example and not limitation, the chamber 60 may contain a liquid fuel such as ethyl alcohol in direct contact with air, oxygen or oxygen-argon mixtures used as an oxidizer in such proportions to produce a rapid reaction. Storage pressures of the oxidant may range from 200 to 2000 psi.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5, a gaseous or liquid fuel 64 may be stored in the small chamber 60 with a gaseous oxidant 66 at a mixture strength not capable of sustained ignition. In this case, a third solid material 68 may be used to release a combustible gas upon either receiving heat input from the pyrotechnic and/or being exposed to water created from the pyrotechnic and from combustion products created in locally fuel-rich regions. In this manner, the overall mixture will burn rapidly as the supplemented gas is released.
A way to eliminate the possibilty of autoignition is to store fuel in an internal flexible bladder so that it is not in intimate contact with the oxidant.
Alternatively, a spark-discharge source, rather than a pyrotechnic device, may be used for ignition of specific mixtures.
Regardless of the combustible mixture composition, the pressure created by the reaction results in immediate movement of the piston 16. The piston 16, in turn, is used to crush another pressurized, combustible mixture, that designated 56 and held within the specially-designed cylindrical liner 14. This liner 14 is backed by the cylindrical support tube 12. The function of the liner 14 is to provide a hermetic barrier with a minimal number Of potential leak paths (such as welds) while the support tube 12 provides structure to the liner 14.
The crushability of the liner 14 may be accomplished by using a flexible material (such as a plastic or heavy paper material laminated to be hermetic) or by using a thin layer of stiffer material such as aluminum or steel. The support tube 12 does not need to be sealed hermetically. This allows a simpler and less expensive assembly process than that used to assemble current hybrid inflators.
The state of the combustible gas mixture 56 held within the large chamber 62 defined by the cylindrical liner 14 is chosen so that as the liner 14 is crushed by the moving piston 16, the pressure of the stored fluid in the chamber 62 increases, causing ignition of the mixture. If required, the fuel and oxidizer constituents composing the combustible material can be separated using an additional burst disk that ruptures upon piston movement, allowing oxidizer and fuel to mix and react. Subsequently, the temperature and pressure of the mixture increases dramatically and ruptures the burst disk 44 located in the end plug 34 provided in the end of the cylindrical support tube 12 and liner 14. The gases from within the liner 14 expand rapidly and flow through the annular diffuser 48 and into an air bag (not shown). The diffuser 48 is provided with a plurality of spaced orifices 50 to achieve the proper flow discharge characteristic. The annular diffuser 48 contain an oxidant 70 that is stored at low pressure to provide additional burnout of CO and unburned hydrocarbons, as well as dilution of the exhaust products.
As the combustible mixture 56 ignites, the pressure on that side of the piston becomes higher than on the other side, possibly driving the piston back in the other direction. The resulting change in volume will affect the mass flow of the gases from the liner. Initiator performance can thus be tuned by changing the mass of the piston or the load of the piston-driving pyrotechnic. These factors both affect the amount/timing of piston backlash.
The gaseous emissions characteristics of the inflator 10' can be optimized by varying not only the storage pressure, storage volume, and type of fuel and oxidizer held within the liner 14, but also by variations in the composition of the stored fluid through addition of inert diluents such as argon and nitrogen. By judicious selection of the gas type and composition, the mixture 56 stored in the cylindrical liner 14 will not ignite unless it is compressed to high pressure by the piston 16. Thus, the possibility of inadvertent ignition of the mixture 56 is eliminated.
A particular advantage of this arrangement is that the combustion products created by the process required to move the piston 16 will not enter the gas stream into the air bag. In this way, the initial piston-driving material may be a standard pyrotechnic, a combustible fluid mixture, or a hybrid system as discussed hereinbefore. The presence of the piston 16 prevents any undesired gaseous or particulate matter formed during the initial ignition process from entering the gas stored within the cylindrical liner 14.
Another advantage of this arrangement is that a wide range of fuels, oxidants and fuel/oxidant mixtures are potentially applicable. Potential fuels and oxidants include: methane, propane, ethane, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, gasoline, butane, hydrogen, methanol, and air, oxygen or mixtures of oxygen and inert gas (argon, nitrogen, helium, etc.). More general names for the listed potential fuels would be hydrocarbons (paraffinic, olefinic and naphthenic), hydrocarbon derivatives (alcohols, ethers and esters). Those skilled in the art may combine various other fuels, oxidants and inert gases in a similar manner.
Thus, there has been provided, in accordance with the invention, a low cost inflator which reduces the number of welds required to hermetically seal the stored gas, and has relatively few parts. By proper selection of the gas mixture used to fill the air bag, the inflator 10' will fill the air bag quicker than a cold gas or blow down system of the same size and pressure, yet the production of unwanted gaseous products of combustion are minimized, and virtually no particulate matter is produced. Since the stored gas 56 is chosen such that it must be compressed to ignite, storage and handling problems problematic of some inflator arrangements featuring combustible fluid mixtures are eliminated. Additionally, the invention uses readily available gaseous and liquid fuels.
In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 6, an orifice 72 is placed in the piston 16 through which the stored (inert) cold gas can escape and mix with the hot gases from the pyrotechnic 28. The liner 14 itself can serve as its own burst disk. As the piston 16 moves, the radial orifices 54 are uncovered, and the mixture escapes into the air bag (not shown). The diffuser 48 is not needed in this configuration.
Featured in the invention embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 are the elimination from the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3 of the burst disk 44 and orifice 46 in the end plate 34, and of the diffuser 48.
In the inactivated state of the pyrotechnic 28 in FIG. 6, the orifice 72 in the piston 16 is closed by the abutting end 74 of the hermetic liner 14. Inert cold gas can mix with and escape with the hot gases from the pyrotechnic material 28 through the spaced radial orifices 54 in the support tube 12 upon initiation of the pyrotechnic material by the initiator 32.
The end plug 34 in this embodiment of the invention is a simple end plug having a fill port 52 similar to that shown in FIG. 3 but having no burst disk 44 or orifice 46.
As the piston 16 moves when activated by the initiator 32, the radial holes in the support tube are uncovered as the liner 14 is crushed and ruptured. The mixture of pyrotechnic gas and gas stored in the liner 14 escapes into an air bag (not shown) through the radial holes 54.
With this description of the invention in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. Therefore, it is not intended that the scope of the invention be limited to the specific embodiments that have been illustrated and described. Rather, it is intended that the scope of the invention be determined by the scope of the appended claims.
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|US5571988 *||Apr 6, 1995||Nov 5, 1996||Dynamit Nobel Ag||Gas-producing material|
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|US5611567 *||Dec 18, 1995||Mar 18, 1997||Cartridge Actuated Devices, Inc.||Non-explosive linear release device|
|US5616883 *||Oct 25, 1994||Apr 1, 1997||Oea, Inc.||Hybrid inflator and related propellants|
|US5623116 *||Jan 11, 1996||Apr 22, 1997||Oea, Inc.||Hybrid inflator and related propellants|
|US5627337 *||Jan 11, 1996||May 6, 1997||Oea, Inc.||Hybrid inflator and related propellants|
|US5630618 *||Sep 11, 1995||May 20, 1997||Oea, Inc.||Hybrid inflator with a valve|
|US5639117 *||Jun 5, 1996||Jun 17, 1997||Lockheed Martin Corporation||Vehicle occupant restraint apparatus|
|US5649720 *||Nov 30, 1995||Jul 22, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Inflators which store premixed fluid fuel and oxidizer in a porous matrix|
|US5669631 *||Nov 18, 1996||Sep 23, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Liquid propellant airbag inflator with auto injection combustion chamber|
|US5673933 *||Nov 30, 1995||Oct 7, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Canister assembled fluid fueled inflator|
|US5675102 *||Jan 11, 1996||Oct 7, 1997||Oea, Inc.||Method of assembling a hybrid inflator and related propellants|
|US5678857 *||Feb 23, 1996||Oct 21, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Assembly and method for the moderation of inflator output|
|US5679915 *||Nov 3, 1995||Oct 21, 1997||Oea, Inc.||Method of assembling a hybrid inflator|
|US5683104 *||Mar 22, 1996||Nov 4, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Combustion moderation in an airbag inflator|
|US5683107 *||May 2, 1996||Nov 4, 1997||Trw Inc.||Container of vehicle air bag inflator having fluid with combustible portion|
|US5692776 *||Aug 8, 1995||Dec 2, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Liquid-fueled, porous-piston-actuated, inflator for an airbag inflatable restraint system|
|US5695216 *||Jun 27, 1996||Dec 9, 1997||Bofors Explosives Ab||Airbag device and propellant for airbags|
|US5711546 *||Sep 11, 1995||Jan 27, 1998||Oea, Inc.||Hybrid inflator with coaxial chamber|
|US5732972 *||Apr 10, 1996||Mar 31, 1998||Morton International, Inc.||Cold deployment pyrotechnic inflator for air bag systems|
|US5787563 *||May 7, 1996||Aug 4, 1998||Mst Automotive Of America Inc.||Method for assembling a compressed air bag inflator|
|US5789827 *||Oct 9, 1996||Aug 4, 1998||Sensitron, Inc.||Two-wire interface to automobile horn relay circuit|
|US5803492 *||Sep 30, 1996||Sep 8, 1998||Morton International, Inc.||Fuel containment for fluid fueled airbag inflators|
|US5806884 *||Feb 18, 1997||Sep 15, 1998||Autoliv Asp, Inc.||Adaptive regenerative inflator|
|US5821448 *||Sep 11, 1995||Oct 13, 1998||Oea, Inc.||Compact hybrid inflator|
|US5847314 *||Jan 15, 1997||Dec 8, 1998||Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc.||Apparatus for inflating a vehicle occupant protection device|
|US5853160 *||Dec 23, 1997||Dec 29, 1998||Martin Engineering Company||Aerator valve assembly|
|US6099033 *||Apr 24, 1998||Aug 8, 2000||Mst Automotive Of America||Compressed air bag inflator|
|US6155600 *||Jan 25, 1996||Dec 5, 2000||Reynolds; George L.||Safety air bag inflation device|
|US6236301 *||Sep 4, 1996||May 22, 2001||Sensitron, Inc.||Cantilevered deflection sensing system|
|US6302202 *||Jan 28, 2000||Oct 16, 2001||Gregory James Moore||Inflatable plug assembly for borehole|
|US6392527||Sep 4, 1996||May 21, 2002||Sensitron, Inc.||Impact detection system|
|US6709011 *||Feb 21, 2001||Mar 23, 2004||Autoliv Asp, Inc.||Leak detection enhancing insert for an airbag inflator assembly|
|US7273205||Jan 13, 2005||Sep 25, 2007||Martin Engineering Company||Positive pressure actuated aerator valve assembly|
|US7401809 *||May 4, 2006||Jul 22, 2008||Takata-Petri Ag||Airbag device|
|US8657333||Jul 27, 2011||Feb 25, 2014||Autoliv Asp, Inc.||Inflator device with fuel-rich monolithic grain and oxidant-enhanced combustion|
|US8783188 *||Jun 30, 2011||Jul 22, 2014||Tk Holdings Inc.||Inflator|
|US8863743 *||Jul 16, 2010||Oct 21, 2014||Ametek Ameron, Llc||Hermetically welded sealed oxygen cylinder assembly and method of charging|
|US20040212182 *||Apr 22, 2003||Oct 28, 2004||Canterberry Jb||Inflator with movable pressure vessel|
|US20050151100 *||Jan 13, 2005||Jul 14, 2005||Christian Dalmasso||Positive pressure actuated aerator valve assembly|
|US20060267320 *||May 4, 2006||Nov 30, 2006||Takata-Petri Ag||Airbag device|
|US20120111871 *||Jul 16, 2010||May 10, 2012||Sitabkhan Abdul N||Hermetically welded sealed oxygen cylinder assembly and method of charging|
|USRE36296 *||Dec 11, 1996||Sep 14, 1999||Alliant Techsystems, Inc.||Propellant composition for automotive safety applications|
|EP0776798A2||Nov 21, 1996||Jun 4, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Canister assembled fluid fueled inflator|
|EP0776798A3 *||Nov 21, 1996||Sep 15, 1999||Morton International, Inc.||Canister assembled fluid fueled inflator|
|EP0791512A1 *||Feb 20, 1997||Aug 27, 1997||Morton International, Inc.||Assembly and method for the moderation of inflator output|
|WO1997010975A1 *||Aug 29, 1996||Mar 27, 1997||Atlantic Research Corporation||Hybrid inflator and method of use|
|WO1997027087A1 *||Jan 22, 1997||Jul 31, 1997||General Motors Corporation||Air bag assembly with diffuser|
|WO1998057829A1 *||Jun 4, 1998||Dec 23, 1998||Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik||Gas generator|
|U.S. Classification||280/736, 280/741, 222/3, 280/737|
|International Classification||B60R21/268, B60R21/264, B60R21/272|
|Cooperative Classification||B60R2021/2725, B60R21/264, B60R21/268, B60R21/272|
|European Classification||B60R21/272, B60R21/264, B60R21/268|
|Aug 23, 1994||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MORTON INTERNATIONAL, INC., ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JOHNSON, KELLY B.;MOORE, WALTER A.;KORT, LELAND B.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007131/0978;SIGNING DATES FROM 19940809 TO 19940818
|Nov 16, 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: AUTOLIV ASP, INC, UTAH
Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MORTON INTERNATIONAL, INC;REEL/FRAME:009866/0350
Effective date: 19970429
|Nov 17, 1998||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 24, 2002||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 28, 2007||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Aug 15, 2007||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Oct 2, 2007||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20070815

domain: chemistry


text:
Applications due: April 19, 2022
Impact with purpose
“People of today should not bear the burden of the laws of yesterday; while the world has changed and we are able to profit from the industry, it is our civic duty to liberate those who do not enjoy this privilege.”
Founder/CEO of TOQi, makers of intuitive cannabis technology.
TOQi has taken charge in leading the Fellowship opportunity, which will fund and support Cannabis Amnesty to hire two paid summer interns with the support of Aurora Cannabis.
About Cannabis Amnesty
As lawyers, activists and academics, we are acutely aware that historically, cannabis laws were unequally enforced by law enforcement in Canada, disproportionately impacting Black and Indigenous communities. Cannabis convictions limit economic opportunities for these groups, thus further entrenching systemic racism through poverty and disenfranchisement.
As Canadians benefit and prosper from the legalization of cannabis, these groups continue to suffer. One of the central objectives of Cannabis Amnesty is to disrupt the way that systemic racism in the criminal justice system has created barriers to economic opportunity for marginalized communities.
Cannabis Amnesty is a registered not-for-profit organization focused on righting the historical wrongs caused by decades of cannabis criminalization, particularly its impact on racialized communities. Since 2018, Cannabis Amnesty has been at the forefront of advocating for justice and fairness on behalf of those who continue to suffer as a result of cannabis convictions. We challenge the stigma of cannabis convictions, lobby the government on behalf of communities harmed by criminalization and champion equity within the cannabis industry. Learn more at www.cannabisamnesty.ca and follow us on Instagram, LinkedIn and Twitter.
2022 Summer Paid-Internship
May 16, 2022 to August 12, 2022
The TOQi Fellowship is a 12-week internship program that takes place in Toronto, Ontario–the location of the headquarters of Cannabis Amnesty. Two interns will be hired. The Fellowship will run from May 16, 2022 to August 12, 2022.
This Fellowship program is focused on mentorship and skill-building around effective communication and advocacy in the not-for-profit sector, particularly as it engages with government and the for-profit cannabis industry. Interns will be directly supervised and mentored by the Cannabis Amnesty Board members, with the support of TOQi CEO, Drew Henson. Interns will also have the opportunity to engage with program partner, Aurora Cannabis, to learn more about the cannabis industry.
Post-secondary education is an asset but not required. We understand systemic barriers exist that exclude people from marginalized communities from these institutions.
We strongly encourage applicants who identify as BIPOC, underrepresented community members and those who have been affected by cannabis prohibition.
Estimated lives affected
While difficult to pin an exact number, it is estimated that 500K+ Canadians have records for cannabis-related offences
Canadian records cleared
Since the government passed Bill C-93 to provide expedited pardons for simple cannabis possession offences in 2019, less than 500 pardons have actually been granted.
The amount of time it takes to share this Fellowship to help get the message where it needs to go.
A special thank you to our 2022 co-sponsor:
“As a proudly Canadian company, Aurora values our roots in advocating for cannabis record pardons with Cannabis Amnesty. We have a responsibility to those who have been disproportionately impacted and commit to doing our part. Canadians, or anyone for that matter, shouldn’t be burdened with a criminal record for a minor, non-harmful act that is no longer a crime. We deeply admire the team at Cannabis Amnesty for their relentless pursuit of fairness and are honoured to be a part of affording others the opportunity to also be a part of this critical cause.”

domain: sociology


text:
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domain: entertainment


About the company
Startup or self-employed
6776 Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
Jan Grimbrandt, Wlodzimierz Blasiak
Affordable and clean energy
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Sustainable cities and communities
Responsible consumption and production
Disruptive small-scale energy from waste and biomass residues: Clean and affordable power, heat, and thermal cooling for direct local use
BOSON ENERGY offers a future-proof, modular, and integrated distributed technology platform for Advanced Thermal Treatment (ATT) that converts complex streams of waste and low-value biomass into local ‘light infrastructure’ electricity, heat, or thermal cooling. We work with local producers and owners of waste streams to treat waste locally to 'full stop’ – with industry leading volume reduction and no toxic residues to transport or treat. By working with us they maximize the financial advantages of their resource - while minimizing their environmental footprint. Offering waste elimination AND much needed local baseload energy. ATT solutions like BOSON’s are highly resilient and cost effective complements to other green energy technologies such as wind and solar. BOSON also reaches a uniquely low CAPEX per ton CO2e saved over lifecycle – and a larger scale rollout quickly aggregates to gigaton CO2e savings.
Distributed solution treating 150-300 tons per day of complex waste locally – with industry-leading energy efficiency and output. | Affordable, reliable, and clean commercial power, heat, and thermal cooling adapted to local needs – providing high resilience, capital efficient CO2e savings, and requiring only light distributed infrastructure.
– Treats a wide range of waste streams with industry-leading volume reduction of 95-98%: Municipal, commercial, industrial, and medical waste (including hazardous waste). | Industry-low emissions and zero residues to soil and water. No contaminated residues to further treat or deposit (no IBA or fly ash from air pollution control). | Industry-low NOx, SOx, and particulates emissions; including drastic cuts in truck-kilometres, congestion, and pollution due to avoided waste transportation. | Unmatched capital efficiency per CO2e saved over lifecycle. 0.25 to 2 megaton of CO2e saving per plant over lifecycle means gigaton savings in a large scale rollout. | Produces 2-10 MWe of power and 2-20 MWth of heat or thermal cooling from 150-300 tons of waste per day – local impact for communities and businesses
Categories of application
Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Sustainable cities and communities, Responsible consumption and production
Sector of application
Energy from waste, Energy distribution & management, Energy storage, End-of-pipe industrial pollution management, Communities infrastructures, Building and shelters, Circular economy of solid wastes


text:
Justin Bieber posted a brand new song to his SoundCloud called “Looking for You” on Thursday night (May 29).
The 20-year-old singer is joined by rapper Migos for the uptempo summer jam.
“Tonight might be the night, you might mess around and fall in love. And I might be the guy that’ll make you wanna fall in love,” Justin croons over the music.
“Loving life and smiling everyday. Keeping it positive. New beginnings,” he tweeted before dropping the song.
Check out the full song below!
WHAT DO YOU THINK of Justin Bieber’s new song?

domain: artistic


text:
A free roll is the most effective method to get familiar with the game and develop winning strategies. You can deposit money into your ufabet account with a credit card, cash or any other conventional method. You can also trade in-game money for real money. This unique system allows you to make use of your own money on the gambling site without spending any money. It is important to know that the credit you earn from ufabet cannot be taken away.
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text:
Catalog Search Results
Love Netflix's Squid Games - Try These Reads
NYRA Young Adult
The Giver Read Alikes
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Reese Witherspoon's Hello Sunshine Book Club
Strong Female Characters
16) Only mine
It’s the most anticipated reality television event of the season:...
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text:
Wednesday, June 27, 2012
06/27/2012 | 54m 33s
Tonight on the program, we examine the continuing wildfires in Colorado as thousands were made to flee their homes. Also: Congress works on new deals for student loans and transportation funding, the effect of the violent drug war in Mexico and elections, problems public universities are facing in the wake of the UVA controversy, and remembering writer, director Nora Ephron.
Problems Playing Video? | Closed Captioning

domain: news


text:
The City of Greer is among the best places for young families to settle down and raise a family in South Carolina according to a survey by online financial site NerdWallet.
Greer ranked 12th in the state in the survey, which is designed to better inform young families and parents-to-be by analyzing cities and towns across the state according to five criteria:
• Public school ratings
• Median home value
• Cost of homeownership
• Median income
• Economic growth
“The City of Greer has been one of the state’s fastest-growing cities over the past decade and young families have comprised a large percentage of that growth,” City Administrator Ed Driggers said. “They have discovered that the city strives to always improve the quality of life for residents through such services as parks and recreation, special events, and a rapid response to needs. I believe this survey validates the high quality of life our residents enjoy.”


text:
This is the second novel I have read by Jaime Jo Wright. Like the other one I read, this book is a split time romantic suspense. I have to say that Jaime Jo Wright does such a great job of drawing the reader into the mystery and intrigue of her books that you have a hard time putting the book down. As with the other book I read, the two time periods within the book are interrelated and clearly marked so you do not get confused. Not only is there a puzzle in each time period but there is also somewhat of a puzzle when trying to figure out the complete relation between the two time periods I think. Slowly as you read, you find out more and more of the puzzle. However, as with any mystery, I like to try to come up with what I think the answer is before it is actually revealed. The intensity of this book is so well written that I find myself feeling anxiety that is felt by several of the characters. To me, it is this intense suspense that makes these books so good.
Disclaimer: I received a free copy of this book in order to give an honest review.


Jake Paul was recently out with his girlfriend, Julia Rose, and brother, Logan Paul for a family get-together in Los Angeles. The Paul brothers were at the BOA restaurant for dinner where they got chased by paparazzi and fans who wanted to click pictures and take autographs. During the whole scenario, the fans who were patiently waiting for the YouTuber turned boxer to arrive lost control and tried to force their way to get pictures.
This behavior from the paparazzi and fans was strongly discarded by Paul as he was furious about the whole incident. According to the reports, Paul angrily addressed the fans to stop as her girlfriend Rose was pregnant and she needed some free space. There is no solid proof or recorded evidence about Paul actually saying this and it will not be a surprise if this turns out to be a major rumor about the couple.
During August of 2021, there was similar news about Rose being pregnant when Paul disclosed it in his brother‘s podcast ‘IMPULSIVE‘. But later it was found out that it was just another misinformation in the form of a joke that may be spread to gain more media attention.
It’s still hard to say if this time Jake is serious or just playing around to attract more public attention, only time will tell. The couple has been together since the beginning of 2020 after the boxer parted ways with her wife Tana Mongeau. Paul in one of his YouTube vlogs introduced Julia and revealed that they met on a set of a music video shoot and instantly fell in love. Since then the couple has grown stronger and has spoken about being extremely serious about each other.
Jake Paul is taking a break from boxing :
Paul seemed to enjoy his off time from his professional life as a boxer. He is spending time with Julia and doing charity work currently at Puerto Rico. The 24-year-old has fought three fights in the year 2021 and has knocked out all his opponents. As he continues to spread his name in the boxing world, Paul is now looking for bigger opportunities. After defeating Tyron Woodley for the second time in a row, Paul called out massive UFC stars like Jorge Masvidal, Nate Diaz, and Conor McGregor.
Along with that, the Cleveland native is not losing any chance to make new controversies and create the buzz around his name. Recently he called out UFC President Dana White for not paying his fighters properly and ignoring their healthcare.


|Page (1) of 1 - 08/30/13||email article||print page|
Scott Schuman collaborated with Gant to feature ten stylish New Yorkers wearing items from Gant with their own wardrobe, photographed in their own neighborhoods. Here¯¯¯s an exclusive clip from the behind-the-scenes video shot by documentary filmmaker Kiki Allgeier during the portrait sessions.
|Behind the Scenes with The Sartorialist and GANT|
Source:GrabNetworks (c). All Rights Reserved


text:
The Cloisters and The GuggenheimAugust 7, 2018 in the United States ⋅ ☀ 30 °C
I don’t remember visiting the Met Cloisters before. I always thought it was too far uptown in too rough an area. Well, I’m glad I went. The medieval art was exquisite. Tapestries, cloisonné, painting, and, of course, the gardens. The garden tour was “meh” but the gardens themselves were wonderful.
This old monastery is in the middle of a park with nothing close by. Hence, the cafe on sight was wildly overpriced and mediocre for lunch. At least the views were lovely. You get some stunners of the Hudson River nearby.
Next and last museum for the New York leg of my trip was the Guggenheim and it did not disappoint. The building alone is a sight to see. Gorgeous light and slanted walls and floors. Giacometti was the main exhibit. The audio guide was really interesting. I also went through the permanent collection and two other smaller galleries. I did the whole darn thing!
I had dinner with an old friend. He was a dancer who went to my performing arts school, Talent Unlimited HS. He went on to dance with several ballet companies and traveled around both performing and teaching. Lots of old memories.
Tomorrow I’m headed to Margate to visit with my mother-in-law. And get some chocolate. And swim in the ocean. Stay tuned.Read more


text:
Posted in Shop
Seattle Small Businesses on a Sustainable Mission
|It turns out the city famous for its coffee is also brewing up sustainable small businesses. Here are three community-conscious ones to check out:
Learn about other Seattle small businesses that are benefiting the community with sustainable missions.
- Riding a green path. Alchemy Goods upcycles discarded bicycle inner tubes, vinyl billboards, and other materials into stylish bags, wallets, and accessories. By partnering with over 550 US bike shops, 425,000+ tubes have been saved from landfills since 2004.
- Creating a sustainable buzz. Big Dipper Wax Works makes all-natural handcrafted candles using only 100% beeswax to help support the sustainable industry of beekeeping. The company also donates 10% of its net profits to other beekeeping organizations.
- Sewn with compassion. Refugee Artisan Initiative is a non-profit organization helping refugee and immigrant women who arrive in Washington State by matching them with companies seeking handmade and sewn goods. The initiative also sells its own line of ethically manufactured jewelry, clothing, and accessories via its retail brand, Mimi Globe Goods.

domain: economics


text:
A rapid growth of interest in low temperature plasma in medicine in recent years has given a rise to a number of different applications. We report a low cost kHz driven argon plasma jet with flow rate less than 0.15 L min-1 suitable for treatment of small areas infected with the wide-spread yeast pathogen Candida albicans. The plasma jet has been applied for inactivation of C. albicans seeded on an agar surface as well as yeast suspensions. The effects of different treatment parameters (gas composition, distance and treatment time) have been studied on the efficiency of yeast inactivation. C. albicans viability was evaluated by XTT assay and by measuring diameters of circular transparent zones.
Financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. SP/I/1/77065/10 by the strategic scientific research and experimental development program:
SYNAT - “Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information”.

domain: literature


WHy the speakers sound scratchy?
The speakers on my computer are working but they sound really scratchy. Do I need to get new speakers or something?
This question was answered on April 17, 2003. Much of the information contained herein may have changed since posting.Cause:
Hardware or interference issue.
Are there any other devices around the speakers or wires for the speakers? Electric Magnetic Interference can cause poor audio, try moving your speakers and wires around and away from other devices.
Especially if you have recently added any new cards within a desktop computer attempt to move the card to another location within the computer Cards within the computer can also cause Electric Magnetic Interference.
Finally verify that you are not encountering a hardware issue with the speakers by trying another pair of computer speakers.
Need Help with this Issue?
We help people with technology! It's what we do.
Schedule an Appointment with a location for help!
Posted by olivia of Katharine Gibbs School - New York on April 17, 2003


One of the more interesting new digital cameras to be announced in the last month or two is the Nikon Coolpix S1000pj – the world’s first compact digital camera with its own built in projector. Yes you can spend the day out taking happy snaps and then have your own slideshow in the evening.
The Nikon Coolpix S1000pj projects images up to 40 inches up to 2 meters and comes with its own remote control to help get through the projected images.
Other Specs – The camera is a 12.1 megapixel camera with a 5x optical zoom lens and a 2.7 inch LCD. It has an ISO range of up to 6400 and comes with 5 different stabilization features, 16 scene modes and 4 movie modes.


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Le nouveau musée à Paris: Bourse de Commerce - Pinault Collection
Quand j’ai déménagé à Paris en 2017, j’ai noté un bâtiment inhabituel près du Forum des Halles, où je suis allée tout le temps pour acheter les choses pour mon appartement. Ce bâtiment était grand et rond et il était entouré par les échafaudages…c’était un chantier. J’étais curieuse de connaitre qu’est-ce que c’est ce bâtiment. Enfin le mystère a été résolu quand j’ai lu l'année dernière que c’est la vieille « Bourse de Commerce » et que l’homme d’affaires français François Pinault restaurait comme un musée pour sa collection d’art contemporain. La Bourse de Commerce-Pinault Collection est ouvert le 22 mai et j’y suis allée la semaine dernière.
When I moved to Paris in 2017, I noticed an unusual building close to the “Forum des Halles” a shopping center where I found myself spending a lot of time buying things for my apartment. This building was large and round and surrounded by scaffolding…it was a construction site. I was of course curious about this building, but it wasn’t until last year that I finally saw something about it in the press. The building was the old Bourse de Commerce (stock exchange) and it was being restored by billionaire French businessman François Pinault, to house part of his contemporary art collection (over 10,000 works of art from the 1960’s to the present). The Bourse de Commerce-Pinault Collection opened the 22nd of May and I went last week for my first visit.
Front of building and entrance
Back of the building....the 15th century Medici column is on the left
D’abord, un peu d’histoire du bâtiment. Le bâtiment de la Bourse de Commerce témoigne de cinq siècles de prouesses architecturales et techniques. Il associe la première colonne isolée de Paris, édifiée au 15e siècle pour l’hôtel de Catherine de Médicis, les vestiges d’une halle au blé à l’impressionnant plan circulaire du 18e siècle, couverte dès 1812 par une spectaculaire coupole de métal et de verre. Il a été recomposé en 1889 pour devenir la « Bourse de Commerce ».
Le monument est aujourd’hui revivifié par le geste architectural contemporain de Tadao Ando.
The Bourse de Commerce building represents four centuries of architectural and technical feats. It brings together the first free-standing column in Paris, erected in the 15th century for Catherine de Medicis’ palace, with the vestiges of a granary impressive for its circular 18th-century design, which was capped in 1812 with a spectacular metal and glass dome. The building was then modified in 1889 to become the “Paris Stock Exchange”.
For 20 years, François Pinault had been looking for a Paris home for his contemporary art collection. Finally in 2017, he announced that he had acquired a renewable 50-year lease of the Bourse de Commerce. The building’s masterful renovation and redesign was overseen by Japanese architect Tadao Ando
Beautifully-restored original Corinthian columns, moldings and sculptural detail in the museum entrance hall
Let me just say that, the collection aside (though I must say that it's growing on me), I am very impressed by the building. The marrying of old and new, tradition and modernity, the quality of the renovation and attention to every detail. The nod to the past while embracing the present new use of the building. Paris is fortunate to have this historic building restored and open for all to enjoy. It is indeed a wonderful gift that François Pinault has bestowed on Paris, its citizens and visitors.
Of course, the building is dominated by the immense rotunda at its center. Upon entering, the eye is immediately drawn to the glass and metal dome soaring 40 meters above, then to the restored 19th century frescoes entitled "Triumphal France," representing the history of trade between the five continents. Next are two levels of original windows and finally the 9 meter high concrete cylinder dropped into the Rotunda by architect Ando. It is truly a magnificent space!
Viewed from the balcony created by the Ando's concrete cylinder
Faux pigeons on the balcony
Old and new.....19th century frescoes, original plaster work and Ando's concrete cylinder
Two doors of the "passageway" which surrounds the Rotunda
Original details - stock exchange bell?
A museum guard in the Rotunda
Installed in the Rotunda is a piece by Swiss artist Urs Fischer. As described on the museum website: “Composed of wax sculptures, Untitled (2011) is a group of monumental candles lit on the first day of the exhibition. It is a life-size replica of Giambologna’s The Abduction of the Sabine Women (1579-1582). In addition, there is an effigy of artist Rudolf Stingel [Urs Fischer’s friend and peer] contemplating seven different chairs (ranging from an African stool to a banal plastic chair to an airline seat). Before being lit, this ensemble of candles encapsulates mastery, realism, verticality, and virtuosity but over the course of the exhibition, as the candles burn, these values are inverted by the workings of chance and entropy: the sculpture becomes informal, even formless. The wax liquefies, and that which seemed perennial and genuine, turns out to be fragile and fictitious. Untitled lasts as long as the wicks of the candles continue to burn." In 6 months, the piece will have burned away.
Wax drippings are visible on the chest of the female figure
The female figure's left arm has burned off and was lying in pieces on the floor
Woman and wax sculpture of artist Rudolf Stingel, a friend of the artist
Two levels of exhibition galleries circumnavigate the Rotunda. For the inaugural exhibition, Pinault personally curated the selections from his collection and entitled it "Ouverture" (Opening). Thirty artists are represented, more than a third of whom had not previously been exhibited in the collection.
Sesta by Antonio Obá
Untitled by David Hammons
The Wonderful One by Kerry James Marshall
View of Rotunda from a gallery's windows
Another view featuring visitor's "rope" chair designed by Ronan & Erwan Bouroullec
A wonderful feature of the Bourse de Commerce is its "double helix staircase," a vestige of the 18th century Halle au blé (grain exchange). At that time, corn was stored on two levels, the ground floor and a granary to which the double helix stairway led. The two ramps, which intertwined in two distinct helixes, allowed the porters who went up and down carrying voluminous sacks of corn to avoid crossing each other. The staircase has been enhanced by 3 vertical lights designed by Ronan and Erwan Bouroullec, who were commissioned to design the museum's furnishings.
Rope bench and chairs designed by the Bouroullec brothers in the "passageway" on the perifery of the Rotunda
In addition to the lighting, team Bouroullec also designed all the furniture (including sumptuous carpets), both inside and outside, including 3 glorious shimmering flags which I absolutely LOVE! In the words of the designers: “We also imagined flags up in the air like mobiles. Because of the material they’re made of, the flags appear like molten metal, somewhere between water and metal, gold and silver. The mast, which will probably be gilded, will sit on an imposing base inspired by a rock. The mobile is like a sculpture, creating something intangible while reflecting the surroundings, the sky and Paris itself. “
I will confess that, immediately after my visit to the Bourse-Pinault (as I refer to it), I told a friend that I was not "wowed" by either the collection or the building. However, the more I read about François Pinault as an art collector and patron of the arts, about architect Tadao Ando and his creative process, and about Ronan and Erwan Bouroullec and their approach to design, I changed my mind. I am totally and completely WOWED by the new Bourse de Commerce-Pinault Collection and strongly encourage those who can to see it.....I doubt you will be disappointed.


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One of the most beloved and celebrated of all classic Hollywood films, An American in Paris is a visual masterpiece featuring some of the most stunning dance numbers you will ever see. Directed by Vincent Minnelli and starring the genius Gene Kelly, the film won six academy awards and is a continuous source of inspiration to me.
In addition to the infamous ballet at the end, my favourite sequence is where we are introduced to the many facets of Lise, a young French woman who expresses her personality to the audience through dance. As each of her traits is discussed by her older beau, Lise, played by the exquisite Leslie Caron, dances in the respective style contrasted against monochromatic set designs.
First she is an “enchanting girl” wearing a pale pink dress that pops against a royal blue set. The monochromatic set, despite being saturated in the deep blue, is overtly traditional with a vignette of a console with cabriole legs, an ornate mirror and heavy acanthus sconces.
Next Lise is an “exciting girl” in a bright violet dress against a demure pale pink set, complete with lush swagging drapery, skirted table and an open-back dining chair.
Then she is “sweet and shy” dressed in bright yellow pleated dress while dancing with a bouquet in a rich green living room, complete with an ornate mantel, panelled doors and many types of frames.
In the most sparse of the sets, Lise is “vivacious and modern” as she kicks up her heels in white fringe against a spicy red backdrop.
She “reads incessantly” in a preppy black unitard with a sharp white collar against a pale yellow library set, which includes a massive desk, oversized mantel, built-in book shelves and heavily carved columns.
Finally, she is “the gayest girl in the world” as she pirouettes circles in a sky blue tutu around a lavender set with feminine detailing, including an armoire, oversized harp and curved settee.
All these traits come together at the end in one final flourish that reconciles all her traits into one – what fun!


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02 SEP 13 ANNE FARNSWORTH
Eliane Elias' latest recording was just released May 28 but it has already reached #1 in sales and airplay in the U.S. and France on Amazon and #2 on iTunes. I Thought About You (A Tribute To Chet Baker) is an affectionate homage to the soulful trumpet player who sang with a wistful, wounded-soul tenor that captivated jazz fans.
With the 25th anniversary of Baker's death, there have been several releases dedicated to his memory. But Elias has some bona fides to go along with her innate artistry -- her husband, bassist Marc Johnson, and drummer Victor Lewis, who, with Elias on piano, make up her rhythm section on this set, played with the man himself. Legendary musician Randy Brecker fills in for Baker on trumpet and flugelhorn on three of the tracks, leading soli intro sections and contributing sensitive Baker-ish solos on "There Will Never Be Another You" and "Just Friends," as well as opening "That Old Feeling" with the little-heard verse melody.
Rather than a mere reproduction of Baker's best-known songs, Elias brings her Brazilian sensibilities to bear on the arrangements. "I Thought About You," the first track, begins with a reharmonization of the opening changes. "Blue Room" opens with the first chorus done as a duet of Johnson's bass and Elias' voice.
Baker standards "There Will Never Be Another You" and "Let's Get Lost" sparkle as sambas, while "Embraceable You" grooves to a sultry bossa nova beat.
It's a full circle of style and influence, as Elias explains: "Chet and the cool jazz movement were influential to the bossa nova artists in the 1950s. João Gilberto, Toquinho, Vinicius de Moraes, and Antonio Carlos Jobim are just a few who have spoken to this influence. Chet sang and played with a purity of sound, and had a way of phrasing without much affectation, floating over the bar line, an approach which is immediately recognizable in the delivery of some of the great bossa nova artists, like João Gilberto."


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Do You Snore?
Having an Obstructed Sleep Airway (OSA) is a condition which is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. Though one of the most prominent symptoms is loud snoring, sleeping disorders can cause a person to wake in the middle of the night gasping for air, and they can lead to serious health risks when left untreated. In addition, many men and women do not realize they have a problem because they are sleeping. Oftentimes, a partner or family member first notices the symptoms of snoring and gasping and urges the person with the condition to seek treatment.
The first signs of OSA can include severe snoring, pauses in breathing for several seconds, feeling sleepy during the day, gasping for air, and teeth grinding. When left untreated for a prolonged period of time, lack of proper sleep can cause a person to experience symptoms like:
- Frequent Headaches
- Daytime Fatigue When Driving or Working
- Memory Loss
- Acid Reflux
Serious health conditions can result, including:
- Weight Gain
- High Blood Pressure
- Heart Disease
- Sudden Cardiac Death
Fortunately, there are a number of treatment options – including customized oral nightguards – that can eliminate snoring and help you achieve healthy sleep.
Sleep Apnea Evaluation
Dr. Sacknoff and Dr. Wilson at Pomerado Cosmetic Dentistry are committed to offering patients the best possible care related to your overall health. Recently, all members of our team received advanced training in the field of Sleep Medicine from the OSA University, which offers dental education courses on screening and treatment for sleeping disorders. Once you have been screened by completing a questionnaire and having a visual exam of your mouth, it will be determined if there may be cause for concern. A simple at-home sleep test worn in the comfort of your own bed will be sent to you and then evaluated by a board-certified sleep physician who will provide your results as Normal, Slight, Moderate, or Severe. Your primary care physician will be informed and included in this important part of your medical care.
Once you have been diagnosed, one of our experienced dentists at Pomerado Cosmetic Dentistry can discuss the ideal sleep treatment for your needs – one that can help you maintain a healthy flow of air while sleeping and reduce the symptoms and risks associated with an obstructed airway. It’s also important to note that medical insurance typically covers this treatment at our practice.
Sleep Apnea Treatments
Oral Sleep Appliances and Snoreguards are some of the most common and effective treatments for sleep apnea. These custom-made oral appliances can keep the air passages open and flowing during sleep. They are designed to fit comfortably in the mouth and can also prevent patients from grinding their teeth during the night. Oftentimes, these treatment options effectively relieve the symptoms of sleep apnea and allow the patient to sleep uninterrupted. Unlike C-PAP machines, customized oral appliances do not rely on a large loud apparatus that covers the mouth and nose to work with a pressurized air forcing the airway to open. They look very much like orthodontic retainers and are specifically designed to help individuals maintain a normal opening for a healthy flow of air to pass through during sleep.
For more information about how to improve the quality of your sleep and the type of oral appliance that can eliminate your snoring, please call Pomerado Cosmetic Dentistry at 858-485-6900 to schedule a consultation.

domain: medical


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December 11, 2019 at 2:12 pm #327143PikeManParticipant
Thank you for responding. Yea it’s defiantly taxing and like you said, one day your fine, the next you’re struggling, like i am today. My plan is to talk to her tonight after church, and see how she feels things are at. I keep having this little devil on my shoulder telling me that she’s going to move out at the end of the year so i want to address that feeling with her, see what she says. Hopefully it’s just me overreacting and just being a worrier (which i always have been)..
Again, thank you.December 12, 2019 at 6:00 am #327217PikeManParticipant
Well, we talked last night. I told her that i appreciate the way she has been treating me with respect and thinking of my needs lately. I then said that i have a tiny devil on my shoulder saying that you’re just playing nice until the end of the year then you’ll move out. Her response was “it’s a strong possibility, yes”..
So we started to talk about what that would look like, her moving out, and i got the feeling she didn’t really think this all through. She has talked to no one but the counselor so i told her she needs to talk to her mom and dad, get this off her chest, or talk to someone..
I want to give her an ultimatum, talk to her parents or i will. I feel that they need to know.. Thoughts?December 12, 2019 at 7:18 am #327233anitaParticipant
I don’t think you should give her an ultimatum or talk to her parents.
In your original post you presented yourself as a “faithful, hardworking, honest, loyal man who loves his wife very much”. Later you revealed yourself as less of all of these things, you referred to yourself as a selfish, arrogant man who has never put his wife first in anything (“I never put my wife first, for anything”).
In light of this I think that you should no longer act selfishly, arrogantly and aggressively toward your wife, giving her ultimatums, threatening her and pressuring her by talking to her parents. Instead, be kind to her. Put her first in something, for the first time in your marriage to her.
anitaDecember 12, 2019 at 7:32 am #327239JimParticipant
i wouldnt give her an ultimatum. I know that would get things off of your chest, but it wont effectively help the situation in your favor of staying together. She will likely move out at that point.
i know how it feels, so exhausting that you just want it to be over with, but want it to end in your favor. Its a process. The hardest part is waiting it out without making the mistakes. As han beings, others on the outside think we can be coached as puppets on a string and follow the advice without our emotions getting involved, where we will make mistakes. It honestly feels impossible to follow the advice. Personally, i know how to treat situations in order to have them fall in my favor, but my emotions get too heightened at times that i cannot hold off from continuing to have involvement for my closure.
i do believe that in your situation, you need communication of the current situation, and you dont want to be toyed with. At first she wasnt touching you, now she is, but still is talking of moving out. That makes it confusing. These are the types of behaviors that cause people to break down and give up. The best you can do is talk when she brings things up, and just try to demonstrate being as centered as possible.
if you are feeling the jittery feeling and wrenching in your gut, i honestly feel for you. Its really tough and hopefully you can get some resolve.December 18, 2019 at 8:53 am #328399LulushParticipant
i think a woman must go through a lot to finally feel distant or even thinking about ending the relationship / divorving with children in the marriage. Man are mostly ungratheful and dont even see whats infront of them until its gone and enough for the woman. Sometimes being good from 0 to 10 dont even matter anymore after putting their partner / your wife through a lot. I just dont get how some people can be that selfish. I would feel very horrible inside me and couldnt even sleep. This woman is someones daughter. I bet you wouldnt want someone to treat your daughter like you treated your wife right? You should constantly be not just a good husband but a good human being with empathie and just do everything you can for your children and your wife if you really care. But dont do it just to win the marriage back. It should last forever. Its not a game to be good to gain your marriage back. It should be a lifestyle and a changing moment to finally grow up. If you just do it for a period of time to win peace and fall into your old habits believe me karma gets you back. If your children grow up and will know what you did to their mom believe me they wont respect you or even want to talk to you. I’ve seeb a couple of bad situation where marriages after 30 years fall apart because if the selfishness of the man… Be careful..December 23, 2019 at 3:35 pm #329169MayaParticipant
Hi, I hope everything will work out best for every one .December 23, 2019 at 4:14 pm #329173NekoshemaParticipant
I’m sorry to hear that. I was in a similar situation a year ago with my fiance, so I know how your wife feels. The difference is, she seems unwilling to fix it. I felt distant with my fiance, we talked through it and decided to have more us time. We picked one day a week to be alone, go on dates, be intimate, or just cuddle on the couch and watch a movie. He also disliked how much I’m on my phone so I’m making an effort o reduce the amount of time I’m on my phone. I didn’t like how I would be in one room and he would be in another, so now I’ll bring my laptop into the living room while he’s playing video games, and he’ll come into the bedroom to nap instead of on the couch. It’s little changes but they’ve made a big difference. The fact she won’t even go on a date night upsets me. Furthermore, divorce isn’t “quitting” it is a healthy option. [no, I’m not saying run out and get that divorce] We grow and change as people over time, and someone you loved five years ago might not be the same person today. The other major one is if your future goals don’t align. There’s a show I love Aggretsuko [yes, anime fan, go with it] in its second season, it pushes this point home. Retsuko falls in love with this perfect guy, and Tadano is amazing. The two get along perfectly, they’re both better people together and want to be together forever. The conflict comes when Tadano tells her he doesn’t believe in marriage and doesn’t want kids. Retsuko realizes at that moment that’s her dream, to one day be a wife and mother, but Tadano doesn’t want that. They both love each other, they’re perfect for each other, but to live “happily ever after” Retsuko would have to give up on her dream. They break up, it’s painful for both of them, but they know it’s for the best. That’s a very painful lesson we don’t teach enough, you’re not losing, or quitting, by forcing yourself to stay somewhere that wouldn’t fulfil you, you’re failing yourself.
If she seriously wants this, go out on that date, talk about your dreams, do the work together. You both deserve to be happy, as do your kids. As someone who’s parents divorced, I can tell you, the kids know when mom and dad are upset. You can show them more if you are honest, civil, and loving. It will hurt, but how you handle it [divorce, reconciliation, or remaining in a loveless marriage] will teach your children a lesson, and hopefully the right one. Yes, work together, fall back in love with each other, remember why you fell for each other, and rediscover the people you’ve become [13 years, so much can change. Think about your favourite show 13 years ago, is it still your favourite? time marches on and things change so slowly you don’t notice]
I wish you both the best of luck and I hope things work out better than you dream.

domain: psychology


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David Shultz, a 53-year-old man, was last seen picking up a load of pigs from Eagle Grove, Iowa, in November. His truck was found on Nov. 21, facing away from his delivery location in Sac County.
For 71 days since Schultz’s disappearance, his wife, Sarah, has posted about her missing husband on social media.
The Sac County Board of Supervisors has offered a $25,000 reward to help find the missing man. Volunteers and organizations have deployed drones and cadaver dogs, combing areas in hopes of finding clues to Schultz’s disappearance.
Despite being unsuccessful in their search, groups were able to find another missing man — Mark Riesburg — of Iowa. Riesburg went missing on Oct. 28 after leaving his phone and wallet at home. He was found dead with a single bullet wound; foul play is not suspected.
The Sac County Sheriff’s Department has continued investigating Shultz’s disappearance. And his wife is adamant that foul play was involved.
“He wouldn’t leave his boys,” she has shared on numerous occasions on Facebook.
Many on Facebook share concerns about foul play. Last week, Sarah Shultz posted to a cattle trucking group on Facebook about a suspicious incident that another trucker had shared with her.
“He was in the same vicinity as your husband,” shared the trucker. A carload of people began pointing at his truck as if to tell him something was wrong with the vehicle. “He, of course, ignored them. They pulled in front of his semi and were brake-checking him to get him to stop.”
According to Sarah Shultz’s post, the driver ignored them and called 9-1-1 to report the incident.
“When the car stopped again, he rammed their car, sending them into the median,” she wrote on Facebook that the driver conveyed to her.
After hitting the other car, dispatch told him not to stop and that the police would respond.
Another driver, Chad Hanson, posted on social media about an incident in November on Highway 20 (a similar location to where Shultz went missing). Hanson reported that another vehicle started trying to get him to stop, slowing down in front of the trucker and turning on their lights.
The driver also called 9-1-1 and continued talking to dispatch for 40 miles. He was instructed not to stop. Officers conducted a traffic stop, and the Sioux City Journal reported that the reckless driver was arrested on charges of possession of cocaine and felony possession of a firearm.
Although responding to law enforcement, the Woodbury County Sheriff’s Office has indicated that there was no indication that the traffic stop is connected to David Schultz, the incidents are no less hair-raising.
Anyone with information regarding Schultz’s disappearance is asked to contact the Sac County Sheriff’s Office Communications Center at (712) 662-7127.
»Related: 3 weeks late: Iowa man still missing, leaving truckload of pigs


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domain: finance


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Did you wonder which dog breeds bring and which dogs ward off good luck? We made a list of the worst dogs to have in the house if you want the luck to be on your side. Check our list and avoid these dog breeds!
1. Goofy little shizzzz From 2. Tag them! From @lillygolden.retriever 3. Works every time? From 4. Golde--- I mean Cheese Retriever From 5. The Audacity From @alaskan__malamute_love 6. Nothing goes past this woofer From TT 7. Happy Birthday to Woooooo From @ivar_the_malamute 8. You got Henry or Leo? From 9. Tag a

domain: pet