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Male fertility: supplements, foods, tests to take
LAST UPDATED: Jan 06, 2022
8 MIN READ
HERE'S WHAT WE'LL COVER
If you’re trying to have a baby and it’s taking longer than you expected, you are far from alone. Millions of people worldwide struggle to conceive. In the U.S. alone, about 15% of couples face infertility or not being able to conceive naturally, despite having frequent, unprotected sex for a year (Leslie, 2021).
In the past, a woman's fertility was usually the focus of fertility concerns. That’s changed, as research now shows that male infertility is the cause of about 20-30% of infertility cases and is a factor in about 50% of cases (Agarwal, 2015).
Because of this information, more male partners are undergoing fertility testing and may turn to supplements or foods to boost their fertility. Many supplements and foods are touted as ways to increase male fertility. While these are not going to cure specific medical conditions, they may help boost sperm quality and quantity.
Let’s take a look at what the research says about male fertility supplements, foods to increase male fertility, and what to expect when seeking answers to your fertility concerns.
What is male infertility?
Male infertility means a man has a problem with his reproductive system which lowers the chances of his female partner getting pregnant. Male infertility is suspected if a man and a fertile female partner are not able to naturally start a pregnancy after a year of trying.
The common causes of male infertility include low semen quality, which is a measure of male fertility. Low semen quality can include low sperm count, sperm that aren’t moving well or have abnormalities, and blocked sperm ducts. Genetics, chronic health problems, age, injury, a lack of sleep, stress, and lifestyle choices such as smoking, drinking, diet, and exercise can all factor into male infertility (Leslie, 2021).
Male fertility and age
Like women, men do have a form of a biological clock. A male fertility age graph will show that as men age, fertility decreases. One study tracked sperm quality changes by age and found (Sharma, 2015):
Age 34: Sperm count begins to decline.
Age 43-45: Sperm motility (movement) and ejaculate volume decline.
Overall, research shows that it takes longer to get pregnant and the risk of birth defects slightly increases after the age of 40 (Sharma, 2015). That said, birth defects are rare and can happen at any age. If you’re trying to conceive with your partner, know that most men can be part of healthy pregnancies as they age (Fang, 2020).
Fertility tests for men
Waiting a year to see if you can achieve a pregnancy can be stressful and may not be practical. Reproductive health experts often suggest couples seek testing after six months of trying, especially if the female partner is over age 35 (ASRM, 2016).
Past or present medical conditions like an undescended testicle, a serious trauma to the testicles or problems with erectile dysfunction that’s limiting your ability to have sex are reasons to check in with a healthcare provider early on (Ferlin, 2020).
For men, initial fertility testing involves a conversation with a urologist, a physical exam, and a semen analysis. Here’s what to expect:
This is usually a casual conversation about anything that may affect your fertility. It includes past injuries, surgeries, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can damage testicles.
Overall health, exercise habits, diet, medications, and whether you smoke, use drugs, or drink a lot of alcohol are issues that can affect sperm quality. If you’re having problems with libido or erectile dysfunction, treatment can help increase the ability to have sex and conceive (Leslie, 2021).
A physical exam is used to identify conditions such as varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum) or an undescended testicle. Both affect male fertility by warming the testicles, which can decrease sperm production (Leslie, 2021).
A semen analysis is the core male fertility test. If you’re having your semen quality checked, you’ll likely be asked to abstain from sex or masturbation for at least three days and provide a semen sample (during an office visit or quickly transported from home at room temperature within the hour). Sperm counts can vary, and a second sample is typically taken after at least a week if the first test showed abnormal results (Leslie, 2021).
Experts check the semen and the sperm and look at the following (Leslie, 2021):
Total sperm number
Vitality (percent of sperm alive)
Movement of the sperm (motility)
Shape of the sperm
At-home sperm tests
There are also a variety of home kits for testing sperm. An at-home male fertility test typically measures sperm count but does not look at overall sperm function. And a normal sperm count on its own doesn’t say a lot about male fertility. Some tests that involve mailing a semen sample to a lab show the shape and movement of sperm and may be able to flag more specific problems.
Overall, the tests can be helpful as a guide. But if you are concerned about achieving a quick pregnancy and want a complete fertility assessment, it’s best to see a specialist, who can run a series of tests like the ones mentioned above. (Leslie, 2021).
If your healthcare provider finds that there is a low sperm count, no sperm (azoospermia), or abnormalities in shape or sperm movement, or if your medical history raises a red flag, they may suggest additional tests which could include one or more of the following (Leslie, 2021):
Hormone test: Abnormal levels of hormones such as testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) can cause male infertility. A blood test can measure levels. In some cases, hormone treatment can trigger sperm production and reverse infertility.
Anti-sperm antibody test: While it’s fairly uncommon, sometimes a man’s antibodies attack sperm. This can happen after testicular surgery, prostatitis, or anytime sperm comes in contact with blood. The test involves giving a semen sample which is tested for antibodies.
Post-ejaculation urinalysis: A condition called retrograde ejaculation can cause sperm to travel backward into the bladder rather than out through the penis. Finding sperm in a urine sample is used to diagnose retrograde ejaculation, which can be caused by medical conditions, surgery, or taking certain medications.
DNA integrity test: This type of test, also known as sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing, looks at the quality of sperm. SDF can be observed even in men with normal semen analysis results. DNA damage can make it harder to conceive, reduce the chances of a successful pregnancy, and increase the risk of genetic diseases passed down to a child (Kim, 2018).
Genetic test: If a sperm count is very low, there could be a genetic cause. A blood test can show any Y chromosome changes or any inherited conditions that may affect sperm production.
Testicular biopsy: Checking for sperm using a needle biopsy may show that sperm production is normal and that a blockage may cause low sperm counts.
Imaging tests: Imaging tests vary depending on what’s being checked. Scrotal ultrasound uses sound waves to check for problems such as varicocele.
How to increase male fertility
If a medical condition is the cause of male infertility, there may be a procedure, such as a varicocele repair or sperm duct resection, that may improve the chances of conception. In other cases, hormone therapy may help start-up sperm production.
Whether medical treatment is advised or not, fertility specialists usually encourage lifestyle changes that can increase male fertility. These start with a healthy diet, exercise, and weight loss if needed. Some advise the use of various supplements to boost the nutrients known to improve sperm quality. Below, we’ll dive deeper into how food, supplements, and lifestyle changes can help boost fertility in males.
Foods to increase male fertility
Sperm is made from proteins, cholesterol, and a lot of other nutrients that your body gets from foods. Some men facing infertility have low levels of nutrients like zinc, magnesium, calcium, copper, and selenium; others have poor diets full of fatty acids. Avoiding some foods and eating more of others might improve sperm quantity, mobility, and decrease sperm DNA fragmentation (Skoracka, 2020).
If you’re trying to increase male fertility, try to avoid processed meats, red meat, high-fat dairy, sweet drinks, salty and sweet snacks (if unhealthy ingredients), and trans-fats, which are often found in fast-food and packaged products. Trans-fatty acids have been linked to poor sperm quality, inflammation, oxidative stress, and lower testosterone levels (Skoracka, 2020).
Here are some of the top foods to increase male fertility:
Fruits and vegetables
Studies show men who eat the most fruits and vegetables, which are high in antioxidants, have higher sperm concentration, vitality (live sperm), and motility compared to men who have a low intake of fruits and vegetables.
Nuts, seeds, and whole grains
Snacking on walnuts is good for sperm. In a small study, the men who ate 18 walnuts a day for 12 weeks had improved sperm vitality compared to those who ate no nuts (Robbins, 2012). A separate study looking at adding mixed tree nuts into a Western-style diet found that adding nuts improved the number of sperm, vitality, motility, and morphology of the sperm.
Seeds and whole grains are also a part of a ‘sperm healthy diet’ (Skoracka, 2020).
Fish and shellfish
Studies have shown eating fish is linked to better sperm movement and improved fertility. The benefits may be due to high omega-3 fatty acid levels in fish (Ricci, 2017). Shellfish is an important source of omega-3’s and zinc, which help produce and activate sperm (Maldonato-Carceles, 2019).
The Mediterranean diet: a “male fertility” diet
If you are looking to follow a specific diet to boost fertility, the Mediterranean diet may fit the bill. A 2019 study looking at eating a Mediterranean diet, which features large quantities of fruit and vegetables, whole grain products, olive oil, nuts, and fish, linked this diet to better sperm motility (Salas-Huetos-a, 2019).
A separate study of 225 men attending a fertility clinic with their partners showed that men eating a Mediterranean diet had a higher sperm count, higher number of normally shaped sperm, and increased sperm motility (Karayiannis, 2017).
Male fertility supplements
A variety of dietary supplements have some evidence that they boost male fertility. Most are traditional vitamin or nutrient supplements that have antioxidant effects; others are herbal remedies that, in some cases, have antioxidants and also may boost the body’s testosterone production (Yao, 2016).
Because all are considered dietary supplements, they aren’t well-regulated by the FDA. So, the things they claim on their labeling are not proven (FDA, 2015). Finding well-researched supplements and talking to your healthcare provider is the best way to determine if a male fertility supplement will help you.
The following supplements are among the most researched for male fertility:
Vitamin & nutrient supplements
Vitamins, minerals, and amino acids show promise in boosting sperm quality and quantity. Many of these are antioxidants that may help protect against oxidative stress. Others appear to play roles in sperm production.
Since these supplements have few downsides, fertility specialists might suggest that men try them, since they may be helpful and are not considered harmful.
Herbal supplements for male fertility
For centuries men have used herbal remedies to treat infertility. And while the list of herbal supplements that may have fertility benefits is extensive, many of them do not have larger studies to back up their claims. What’s more, many supplements are linked to better sperm quality, but that doesn’t mean they can treat male infertility.
Here are some of the herbal supplements with the most research behind them:
Ashwagandha: A 2018 review of ashwagandha’s effect on male fertility found improvements in sperm counts and quality, along with increased hormone and antioxidant levels. But the researchers say the studies at hand are too small to draw conclusions about ashwagandha in the treatment of male infertility (Durg, 2018).
Maca root: A number of studies have shown maca can help with libido, erectile dysfunction, and increase sperm concentration and mobility. It also has antioxidant properties (Zenico, 2009; Melnikova, 2015).
Tribulus terrestris: Tribulus terrestris (TT) is a Mediterranean plant traditionally used to treat various ailments such as inflammation, swelling, cardiovascular disease, and male infertility. A 2019 review of studies showed it may improve sperm count, motility and morphology (Sanagoo, 2019).
While many herbal supplements have mild—if any—side effects, some can be dangerous for certain groups of people, like those with medical conditions. So, it’s best to talk about all supplements you plan on taking with your healthcare provider.
Lifestyle changes to boost fertility
Here are some other lifestyle changes that may give your fertility a boost:
Weight loss and male fertility
Increased adipose (fat) weight is linked to lower testosterone levels, poorer sperm quality, and reduced fertility compared to men of normal weight. One study shows the odds of infertility increase by 10% for every 20 pounds a man is overweight (Katib, 2015).
If healthy eating leads to weight loss, it may increase male fertility just by reducing body fat if there are no other medical problems. Excessive body weight also is linked to erectile dysfunction.
Additional ways to increase male fertility
Increasing male fertility goes beyond a good diet and healthy weight. Here is a range of lifestyle factors that can help protect and enhance sperm production (Durairajanayagam, 2018; Leslie, 2021):
Getting enough sleep (poor sleep is linked to decreased sperm quality)
Avoiding testicle injuries
Avoiding anabolic steroids, which change hormone levels and can lead to low sperm count or no sperm
Avoiding drugs and limiting alcohol (two drinks a day or less)
Avoiding heating testicles (skip hot tubs, saunas, laptop computers on the lap)
Reducing stress (psychological stress may decrease semen quality)
Many cases of infertility can be reversed and couples who don’t conceive naturally also have the option of assisted reproductive therapies such as in vitro fertilization.
If you’re a man who has not been able to conceive with your partner, reach out to your healthcare provider or a fertility specialist who can help you get to the bottom of your fertility problems.
If you have any medical questions or concerns, please talk to your healthcare provider. The articles on Health Guide are underpinned by peer-reviewed research and information drawn from medical societies and governmental agencies. However, they are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
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ASRM. (2016). Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion . Fertility and Sterility.
Retrieved on Dec. 17, 2021 from link https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/asrm/asrm-content/news-and-publications/practice-guidelines/for-members/optimizing_natural_fertility.pdf
Durairajanayagam, D. (2018). Lifestyle causes of male infertility. Arab Journal of Urology , 16 (1), 10–20. doi:10.1016/j.aju.2017.12.004. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922227/
Durg, S., Shivaram, S. B., & Bavage, S. (2018). Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in male infertility: An evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine , 50 , 247–256. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.11.011. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30466985/
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Ferlin, A. & Foresta, C. (2020). Infertility: Practical clinical issues for routine investigation of the male partner. Journal of Clinical Medicine , 9 (6), 1644. doi:10.3390/jcm9061644. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7356539/
Karayiannis, D., Kontogianni, M. D., Mendorou, C., Douka, L., Mastrominas, M., & Yiannakouris, N. (2016). Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and semen quality parameters in male partners of couples attempting fertility. Human Reproduction, 32 (1): 215-222. doi:10.1093/humrep/dew288. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27994040/
Katib, A. (2015). Mechanisms linking obesity with male infertility. Central European Journal of Urology , 68 . doi:10.5173/ceju.2015.01.435. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408383/
Kim, G. Y. (2018). What should be done for men with sperm DNA fragmentation? Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine , 45 (3), 101–109. doi:10.5653/cerm.2018.45.3.101. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6125150/
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Mackenzie, S. C. & Gellatly, S. A. (2019). Vaginal lubricants in the couple trying-to-conceive: Assessing healthcare professional recommendations and effect on in vitro sperm function. PLOS One , 14 (5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209950. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6516666/
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Ricci, E., Al-Beitawi, S., Cipriani, S., Alteri, A., Chiaffarino, F., Candiani, M., et al. (2017). Dietary habits and semen parameters: A systematic narrative review. Andrology , 6 (1), 104–116. doi:10.1111/andr.12452. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/andr.12452
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Salas-Huetos, A., Moraleda, R., Giardina, S., Anton, E., Blanco, J., Salas-Salvadó, J., et al. (2018). Effect of nut consumption on semen quality and functionality in healthy men consuming a western-style diet: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 108 (5), 953–962. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy181. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30475967/
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Sharma, R., Agarwal, A., Rohra, V. K., Assidi, M., Abu-Elmagd, M., & Turki, R. F. (2015). Effects of increased paternal age on sperm quality, reproductive outcome and associated epigenetic risks to offspring. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology , 13 (1). doi:10.1186/s12958-015-0028-x. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4455614/
Skoracka, K., Eder, P., Łykowska-Szuber, L., Dobrowolska, A., & Krela-Kaźmierczak, I. (2020). Diet and nutritional factors in male (in)fertility—underestimated factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine , 9 (5), 1400. doi:10.3390/jcm9051400. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7291266/
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (n.d.). FDA 101: Dietary supplements. Retrieved Dec. 17, 2021 from https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-101-dietary-supplements
Vishvkarma, R., Alahmar, A. T., Gupta, G., & Rajender, S. (2020). Coenzyme Q10 effect on semen parameters: Profound or meagre? Andrologia , 52 (6). doi:10.1111/and.13570. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32271472/
Wise, L. A., Rothman, K. J., Wesselink, A. K., Mikkelsen, E. M., Sorensen, H. T., McKinnon, C. J., et al. (2018). Male sleep duration and fecundability in a North American preconception cohort study. Fertility and Sterility , 109 (3), 453–459. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.037. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868973/
Yao, D. F. & Mills, J. N. (2016). Male infertility: Lifestyle factors and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies. Asian Journal of Andrology , 18 (3), 410. doi:10.4103/1008-682x.175779. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854092/
Zenico, T., Cicero, A. F., Valmorri, L., Mercuriali, M., & Bercovich, E. (2009). Subjective effects oflepidium meyenii(maca) extract on well-being and sexual performances in patients with mild erectile dysfunction: A randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Andrologia , 41 (2), 95–99. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00892.x. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19260845/


Hastelloy DIN 2.4675 nuts are a fascinating aspect of advanced engineering materials. These nuts are made from a high-performance alloy, Hastelloy, which exhibits outstanding resistance to an extensive range of harsh environments. This intriguing alloy, Hastelloy DIN 2.4675, is primarily composed of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium, with nominal concentrations of 57%, 16%, and 16%, respectively. While nickel provides overall stability, the combination of molybdenum and chromium imparts excellent corrosion resistance, especially in conditions involving acidic and oxidizing agents. The composition has fewer other elements, such as tungsten, cobalt, iron, and manganese, which are also present, offering additional enhancements to the alloy's properties. By understanding the unique chemical composition of Hastelloy DIN 2.4675 nuts, engineers and material scientists can further harness this versatile alloy to create robust and reliable structures for various applications.
Hastelloy DIN 2.4675 nuts are renowned for their exceptional properties and wide range of applications in various industries. These high-performance nuts boast an extraordinary combination of strength, durability, and resistance to extreme temperatures and corrosive environments. Their remarkable resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking is further enhanced by molybdenum, chromium, and tungsten in their composition. An essential characteristic of Hastelloy DIN 2.4675 nuts is their ability to maintain their structural integrity even when exposed to temperatures up to 1100˚F, making them an ideal choice for use in high-stress and high-temperature applications. Industries such as chemical processing, aerospace, and power generation widely use these nuts due to their superior performance in demanding conditions. Their low magnetic permeability and excellent mechanical properties make them suitable for specialized applications like nuclear reactors and cryogenic storage. In summary, Hastelloy DIN2 4675 Nuts are indispensable in several industries, delivering exceptional reliability and performance.


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If you have young kids then you know how difficult it can be to find something that everyone can participate in. We understand and have designed our family ministry with that in mind. It doesn't matter what ages your children are there will be opportunities for everyone to serve together, from mission projects to fun and games, we ensure your family will grow closer to God and each other.
Fall Festival: The last Sunday in October families gather together for an evening of fun, food, and games for the kids.
Easter Egg-stravaganza: Around Easter young families gather together to celebrate the resurrection with fun activities for the kids.
Mission Opportunities: Throughout the year families serve together in a mission project that anyone, regardless of age, can participate in.
Special Events: Sometimes we go on day trips or have something special at the church, either way, it's fun for the whole family.

domain: sociology


Obsolete Date: 3/1/2013
(a) Entry of Judgment. Upon the filing of an order for judgment, the prevailing party must submit to the clerk an appropriate form of the judgment. The clerk must sign and file the judgment and enter it in the register of civil actions, at which time the judgment becomes effective.
If the prevailing party fails to submit to the clerk an appropriate form of the judgment within 30 days after the order for judgment is filed, any party may submit an appropriate form without prejudice to any rights that party may have to challenge it.
If the judgment directs the payment of money for a sum certain, or a sum that can be made certain by calculation, the clerk must also docket the judgment in the judgment docket as provided by law.
(b) Notice of Entry of Judgment. Within 14 days after entry of judgment in an action in which an appearance has been made, notice of entry of judgment, and a copy of the judgment or a general description of the nature and amount of relief and damages granted, must be served by the prevailing party on the opposing party and filed. Service of notice of entry of judgment is not required to begin the time for filing a post-judgment motion or an appeal if the record clearly evidences actual knowledge of entry of judgment through the affirmative action of the moving or appealing party.
Subdivision (a) was amended, effective January 1, 1988, to change the document where the judgment must be entered from the judgment book to the register of civil actions.
Subdivision (b) was adopted, effective March 1, 2000. Subdivision (b) was formerly subdivision (d) of Rule 77.
Although subdivision (b) only refers to a judgment, Rule 54(a)defines a judgment as including "any order from which an appeal lies."
Under paragraph (b)(4), service of notice of entry of judgment is not required to start the time running for filing a post-judgment motion or an appeal if the record clearly evidences actual knowledge of entry of judgment by the affirmative action of the moving or appealing party.
Subdivision (b) was amended, effective March 1, 2011, to increase the time to serve and file the notice of entry of judgment from 10 to 14 days after entry of judgment.
Subdivision (b) was amended, effective March 1, 2013, to require the prevailing party to identify the docket number and the date the judgment was signed in the notice of entry of judgment; to serve a copy of the judgment with the notice of entry; and to file the notice of entry of judgment.
Rule 58 was amended, effective March 1, 2011, in response to the December 1, 2007, revision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The language and organization of the rule were changed to make the rule more easily understood and to make style and terminology consistent throughout the rules.
SOURCES: Joint Procedure Committee Minutes of April 25-26, 2013, pages 3-16; April 26-27, 2012, pages 3-7; January 26-27, 2012, pages 9-12; September 30, 2011, pages 22-27; April 29-30, 2010, page 15; January 28-29, 2010, page 10; September 24-25, 1998, page 16; September 18-19, 1986, pages 3-4;September 26-27, 1985, pages 3, 9; November 29-30, 1979, pages 17-18.


Well of course Piers wanted some extra attention, and since the 51-year-old thinks he's SOOO funny, after the clip aired, Piers asked if anyone had a bucket before pretending to throw up into his trash can. UGH.
On Monday evening, the comedian revealed that he and his wife Molly McNearney are expecting their second child together. Awwww!
However, this wasn't the only bit of good news the late night host confirmed to his Jimmy Kimmel Live! audience. In fact, this pregnancy truth bomb came shortly after Kimmel shared he would be hosting the Oscarsin February. It's a good time to be Jimmy!
This time, the Starboy singer was in Paris where he shared the stage with SEVERAL sexy models including ex-girlfriend Bella Hadid! Even though it could've been an awkward situation, the two were 100% professional!


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Ten Thousand Apologies (Fat White Family and the Miracle of Failure)
Take Ten Thousand Apologies (Fat White Family and the Miracle of Failure) with a pinch of salt or, more appropriately, a line of something stronger, and revel in its well written mythologies. Questions about truth or otherwise are totally beside the point, as the very first sentence suggests, “This is a fictional biography and an alternative version of historic events”. How do you even figure out the truth when the Fat White’s head honcho, Lias Saoudi, a bloke with a dad from Algeria, a mum from Huddersfield, who’s lived in Scotland, Ireland and ‘that London’, and has taken more drugs than most people have had hot dinners? The truth? It’s as truthful as any other rock biog or music book. Just forget the audit and take Ten Thousand Apologies as a ride, a beautiful, insane ride, immaculately organised and written by Adelle Stripe and Lias Saoudi, which tells the story of both the Fat White and Saoudi Families. And what a story it is, a story that had me in a stranglehold from page one, and don’t tell anyone, I don’t even particularly like the Fat Whites (“…a drug band with a rock problem….”). With never a dull word, sentence or paragraph, I loved every tender, tendentious, fun, filthy and raucous page of it. From Algeria to London and everywhere in between, Ten Thousand Apologies makes most books about the artist as a young man, the music biz and being in a band just a little bit pallid. Music book of the year? Already? Don’t bet against it.
Ten Thousand Apologies (Fat White Family and the Miracle of Failure) – Adelle Stripe and Lias Saoudi – publ. White Rabbit - £20.00

domain: artistic


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B's Pork Mop
- Preparation Time: 5
- 1/2 cup Balsamic vinegar
- 1 cup apple cider vinegar
- 1 1/2 cups apple cider
- 5 larg cloves garlic, chopped fine
- 1/4 cup honey
- 1 lime, juiced and zested
- Mix all ingredients together and allow to sit refrigerated for about an hour before use to meld the flavors.
- If you like you can strain it...but I leave it as is.
- Use it as a mop to keep your bar b que juicy or as an injection to marinade shoulders, hams and poultry

domain: food


02/07/2002 - Old RF News
The New Scientist (29.06.02) carried a thinly disguised advertorial about
magnetic wood that can block mobile phone signals. The wood, containing
nickel-zinc ferrite, absorbs microwave radio signals, making it impossible to
use a mobile phone in any room lined with it, without resorting to illegal
signal jammers. Hideo Oka, who developed the product in Japan, hopes that it
will soon be possible to buy the novel wood panelling by the metre at your local
hardware store. He hopes to be able to use recycled magnetic materials and waste
wood. He expects these panels to help in the rollout of Bluetooth technology,
now that it is hoped that many homes will be fitted with wireless computing
networks, which can interfere with each other. Whilst a this new composite wood
is good idea, there are other materials that are offer more effective radiowave
signal reduction possibilities. None of these were mentioned or referred to. As
an advert it will please Oka. As an article about materials to block mobile
phone signals, it was too one-sided to give a considered over view. We expect
better of New Scientist's reporting of "Frontier Developments".
There is an EXCELLENT report comparing the RF shielding capabilities of 88
materials (yes, 88!) available from 24 mainly German manufacturers and
distributors that gives graphs of the attenuation characteristics from 200 MHz
to 10 GHz. This printed report of work carried out at a German University costs
15 Euros within Europe and may be obtained by sending a 15 Euro banknote to one
of the authors, Dr-Ing.Dietrich Moldan, Am Henkelsee 13, D-97346 Iphofen,
A recent memorandum from the Chief Fire Officer for Somerset to Somerset
County Councillors (20th May 2002) about TETRA concludes:
"It is clear that the events of September 11th and subsequently policy
decisions by the government has undermined the commendable partnership work of
the SW fire brigades. The decisions will result in significant delay which will
bring with it problems over the continued viability of our current system. We
may be forced, through financial disincentives to adopt a provider (TETRA) who
would not be our first choice. On the positive side, if the County Council
adopts the national procurement (TETRA), we have been verbally assured that it
will be fully funded by central government." So, the Fire Brigade can choose
TETRA, not their first choice for a number of reasons (uncertainty about health
effects from using the handsets, which being underpowered, because of the
uncertainty, are proving unreliable in the field), and the Government will pay.
If they choose another system which they prefer, they will have to pay for
it themselves. Hobson's choice!!
The European Commission has called for EU member states to be more flexible
over the deployment of next-generation mobile phone networks, although licensing
terms should not be changed. British operators paid large amounts to operate
UMTS licenses and have reported major financial problems because of the licenses
and deployment costs. The European Commission gave its support to the
proposition that operators be allowed to share UMTS network infrastructure, a
point on which some member states disagree. The European Union's executive body
also backed the idea that licenses that have not yet been allocated be treated
as normal assets, which would allow operators to eventually sell them. This
would not apply to existing licences. It said that the conditions for allocating
licenses should not be changed in order to ensure "favourable security for
After a long-running protest campaign about the adverse health effects on
local residents, a community in Bavaria has managed to force the US-run "Radio
Liberty" to remove its five broadcasting towers in 2005. The 300 metre tall
structures form the US govt-sponsored station which transmits programmes to
eastern Europe and central Asia. To transmit the programmes that distance, the
towers have to put out up to a million watts. Over the past fifty years people
have moved to the community around the village of Valley,
southeast of Munich, to get out of the city and find some peace and quiet amid picturesque
surroundings. Nearly one in two of them now has cancer which Valley residents believe is
due to the electromagnetic radiation from the transmitters. For decades, locals have been
complaining of headaches, insomnia, constant ringing in the ears and heart palpitations.
But it was the area's high cancer rate that decided the local residents to take action.
In addition to health problems, the high levels of electromagnetic radiation put out by
Radio Liberty has meant that telephones and even kitchen sinks have become unwanted
receivers, broadcasting out programmes in Russian and Farsi. The local church had to trade
in its electronic organ for a mechanical one, since the constant "electronic
smog" interfered with the first organ's circuits.
After complaining to local authorities for some six years with no results, the citizens of
Valley turned to the USA. Last year they complained to the Federal District Court in
Washington DC and petitioned for the transmitter to be removed from the area. This action
persuaded the German parliament to look into the issue, and it has agreed to Valley's
demands saying it will not renew the 50-year-old transmitter's lease when it expires in
Radio Liberty is seen to be playing a vital part in America's fight against terrorism, and
Germany's foreign ministry is reluctant to remove it, because of its close ties with the
US. As a result, it has stepped in and said before removing the towers, it wants to see
studies 'proving' that the electromagnetic emissions are harming health. Those could be
hard to come by, since the scientific community is in dispute over whether such radiation
has detrimental health effects.
Conservative estimates have suggested that it may be at least 10 years before consensus is
nearer. The courts then will have a field day in deciding 'new' legal proofs (not
scientific ones, they admit they are in no position to decide the science, but as the big
companies can hire the scientists who agree with their viewpoint (possibly as a result of
research paid for by the companies) and local communities have no such resources to hire
independent scientists (who are thin on the ground - see news item on Journals and papers
in the Power section)), without legal precedents. Meanwhile the local residents are
frustrated as their health deteriorates - living proof that seems to be ignored.
How will the German government decide?
At the moment, the community of Valley are optimistic that the transmitter towers will be
moved. They are even offering to pay for the removal themselves.
The ongoing row about putting mobile phone masts on churches has been stepped
We all know that church's are strapped for cash, to keep their building structures in a
state of good repair. The Church of England authorities have decided to back the idea by
entering into an agreement with Quintel S4, which will install equipment, pay rent
to churches on a nationally agreed scale - which could be up to £10,000 a year per mast -
and then rent the masts out to telecom companies. Five networks are seeking locations for
masts to provide the forthcoming 3G services for mobile phones.
The Church insists the decision on whether to accept masts must lie with individual vicars
but the deal sends a clear sign to parishes that the hierarchy approves in principle. Of
its 16,000 properties, 5,000 churches have already expressed an interest in signing up for
the masts and 200 local deals have already been agreed. It must be a very tempting offer,
especially in relatively poor parishes. A Church of England spokesperson said: "All
the church will do centrally is provide advice on
how to go about making the decision, such as on environmental, health and conservation
grounds. We don't tell them it's bad or good. But if they do want one then we can tell
them that that there's a company which has said it will work within the guidelines we have
The Diocese of London has already warned clergy at its 480 churches to exercise
"great caution" over such deals because, it said, "the jury is still out on
whether there is any harm from mobile phone masts". It is also aware of the deal
alienating a lot of their already dwindling congregation.
Individual churches such as St Mary's in West Hampstead have accepted offers from
operators worth several thousand pounds a year. St Barnabas in Beckenham faced a large
protest from locals who discovered it was considering allowing Hutchison 3G to put a
transmitter inside a cross on its
roof. John Hunt, of campaign group Mast Action UK, said: "The Church's deal with
Quintel will tear churches apart as they have to choose between the carrot of regular easy
money and the divisiveness the masts will cause within their communities." Mr Hunt
added that there was "no absolute guarantee that churches would not become liable for
damages should mobile phones and masts subsequently be proven to be hazardous to
Planning rows over new telephone masts are seriously delaying mobile phone companies'
introduction of the next-generation "3G" services. Hutchison 3G, the only one of
the five companies with a 3G licence that does not already have a mobile phone network,
admitted it was delaying the launch of its service by two months, from September to
November. The five licence operators between them have to erect between 20,000 and 30,000
new masts in the next few months, as 50,000 masts may be needed for the entire network and
there are only (!) 24,000 installed as yet. The telephone companies are reluctant to
discuss the problem, for fears of hurting their rocky share prices.
In some cases, the attempts to install new masts actually works against the companies.
When new applications are made, old installations, the rental fees payable and length of
the contract, can cause local opposition, as a result of which all existing operators are
removed when contracts are due for renewal, rather than new equipment being given the OK.
To the phone companies, offering a 3G service is essential to survival. The
"next-generation" service would be able to transmit video and music clips, offer
location information correct to a couple of metres, and be "always-on" for
internet and email use. When the five operators between them paid £22.5 billion for their
3G licences, the internet boom made them seem like a guarantee of untold riches. But with
the furore over 3G masts likely to rumble on, that prediction looks a long way off.
Luton Mast Action
In Stopsley emissions from a T-Mobile phone mast have been recorded in a school cafeteria
where children sit and eat their dinners exceeding 4 volts per metre. The cafeteria is
located at least 100 metres away.
In the brochures circulated amongst the local residents prior to commissioning, the
proposed emitted levels were stated as being far less than what is regularly observed on a
According to the FEI code of best practice, published in August 2001,
telecommunications companies are supposed to:- provide "specific staff resources
to respond to complaints and enquiries about radio base stations", and to
develop "clear standards and procedures to deliver significantly improved
consultation with local communities."
Ever tried to get information from mobile phone companies? It seems that the "clear
standards and procedures" means 'glossy brochures, repeating company policy' and
"consultation with local communities" and "resources to
respond to enquiries about radio base stations" means sending out these
brochures when a member of the public enquires, but not addressing the enquiry itself.
"We have tried to obtain info from both BT and Orange on several occasions. The
reply is always a duplicate copy of their glossy brochure and a standard letter which does
not even try to address any individual questions".
having a WHO factsheet sent to me twice (Vodafone), no matter what my
letters asked for was just to depressing to waste anymore stamps". "This has
ended in me deciding to give up"
"At a council planning meeting Orange were asked why they had not consulted with
the local school on the proposed mast. They replied that there was no need because the
original application pre dated the obligation to comply with 10 commitments and
"Orange are evidently not interested in listening to residents' concerns, are
arrogant, seem to want to look for any way they can to circumvent real concerns and are
definitely not customer oriented."
"Applications have been made by various operators including Hutchison 3G where
the operator has said that they did not need to consult a nursery or a school boarding
facility as neither of these are technically schools - where is the spirit of consultation
in all this?"
If you have any queries about the operation of the mobile phone operators' commitments,
you could contact the Federation of the Electronics Industry at: Russell Square House, 10
- 12 Russell Square, London WC1B 5EE Tel: 020 7331 2015 or email the FEI
Mobile Phone Advisory Group Director Michael Dolan: firstname.lastname@example.org Is all this meant to
dispirit communities so much that they give up the fight?
. Think on,
There are two invitation only meetings about these issues in London on Wednesday 17th
July. There is a Stakeholder Round Table Meeting staring in the morning to which Mast
Action UK and Powerwatch are invited, and then an All Party Parliamentary Group meeting
staring at 4pm in the Attlee Suite, Portcullis House, Westminster, entitled "The
Ten Commitments: All talk no action?"
You are formally invited to the next meeting of the All Party Parliamentary Mobile Group.
The group was established to look at issues affecting the mobile sector. The meeting will
discuss the mobile operators' ten best practice commitments relating to the development of
Remember Planning Policy Guidance 8 (PPG8) and Paragraph 100 in the Annex
stating "Mobile phone operators already keep their RF power outputs to the lowest
possible levels commensurate with effective service provision"?
This is patently untrue, as readings near Orange masts especially, but increasingly
T-Mobile masts are operating at unecessarily high levels and the Health and Safety
Executive (who are responsible for ensuring that operators conform to this underlying
assumption upon which other parts of PPG8 are based) are refusing to accept responsibility
not only for answering public enquiries, but for monitoring, and even putting up warning
signs next to masts that exceed ICNIRP!
Sally Keeble, MP, the Minister for Health and Safety, still states that if it doesn't
actually cook us we're okay (to summarise)!!!!
A prominent mast campaigner says "There are pavements in Chorleywood,
Rickmansworth and Watford, in Hertfordshire that measure 6.5 volts per metre on a COM
Monitor - that is like standing a metre away from a microwave oven when it is
The Welsh Assembly Government's Planning Division are proposing to revise
their Technical Advice Note (Wales) 19, 'Telecommunications'. In it, they are apparently
intending to make it clear that it is not their responsibility if pre-rollout programmes
are not entered into by telecommunications companies. They state is up to the Operators to
stick to the commitment agreed with the Federation of the Electronics Industry (FEI) in
August 2001. However, (and comfortingly!) the Welsh Assembly Government "strongly
encourages operators and local planning authorities to carry out annual discussions based
on the annual roll out plans for each authority's area (public access to these plans is
subject to commercial confidentiality issues, of course- Powerwatch comment) and other
information. Pre-application discussion should also be carried out between operators and
authorities, with the operators also involving other organisations such as residential
groups and community councils".
Vodafone Group PLC said (c.19th June 2002) it has been named in four
personal injury cases in the US, which allege mobile phone use has caused brain cancer
among other injuries. Vodafone will be vigorously defending these cases. "These
actions are at an early stage and no accurate qualification of any losses which may arise
out of the claims can therefore be made at the date of the report," Vodafone said.
They will not welcome the results from the Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority,
that found in laboratory tests that human cells exposed to radiation levels consistent
with mobile phone use for one hour showed changes to protein chemistry that could lead to
brain cancer or cause tissue damage.
Is Your BlueTooth Ringing? Bionic cell phones.
A new design for a tooth implant that receives digital signals from radios and mobile
phones will be on display at the Science Museum in London beginning Friday. The exhibit
was designed by Jimmy Loizeau and James Auger, research associates from MIT Media Lab
Europe, as a collaboration between the Science Museum and the Royal College of Art.
A micro-vibration device and a wireless receiver can be implanted into a natural tooth
during routine, inexpensive dental surgery. Your head is the receiver, your jaw the
antenna. Insomniacs can listen to the world service without disturbing their sleeping
partner, you can follow work colleagues' deals whilst on holiday, students can listen to
music in particularly boring lessons. In fact, having more than one tuneful tooth
implanted creates a "surround sound" effect, your own private rave.
Sounds are transferred from the tooth into the inner ear by bone resonance (digital
signals being converted into audio). And for those who might be worried about a buzzing
mouth, sound reception is assured to be totally discreet. "The vibrations are on a
molecular level, so the user only experiences pure sound streaming into their
consciousness," Loizeau says. We are assured by them that health issues are minimal,
only about the same as the issues raised by the use of mobile phones. Well, that's a
Auger says it is a chosen 'Darwinian advantage.' Surpassing the Jones's or what? Briefly,
at least, until Alzheimer's or a brain (or jaw) cancer gets you.
We have many instances of people, who without the aid of such an implanted device are
'hearing' broadcasts from mobile phone masts.
The signals can clearly be transferred to the brain through bone resonance, as this
technology shows. And they said it was all in the mind
.. May the force always be
A school psychologist in Chicago is very concerned about the spread of networked computer
systems springing up in educational establishments. In her school, (kindergarten-5) there
are three wireless labs (42 wireless notebooks)---they are AirPort systems by Apple
transmitting pulsed 2.45 GHz waves up to 150 feet in all directions.
Physicist Bill Curry has detailed the exposures and risks presented by such systems. His
estimate of children sitting 18 inches away from the screen-embedded antennas is a serious
overestimate, according to the psychologist, who has seen 9 year olds often sitting half
that distance (quadrupling the exposure), and one resting his chin on the keyboard as he
read the screen. She is very concerned about these children, and is afraid to see what the
6 year olds are doing.
Neither teachers nor parents appear to have considered the potential health risks to their
children. (Nor the fact that computer use is strongly associated with electrical
hypersensitivity, a chronic, debilitating condition.) Neither do they seem to realize that
the system is emitting RF radiation when it is turned on and charging, even when the
computers are not in use. Apple itself recommends in its literature that no one should go
closer than 8 inches of the base station (which looks like a cute little space ship), but
no one seems to know that either. Of course, in some schools, permanent base stations are
transmitting all day every day from central locations throughout.
A Chicago district is about to file a lawsuit against their school governing body for
exposing children to this radiation in their school classrooms.
Cellular Tower concerns from Israel
Many Bnei Brak residents claim that they are very worried about the possible environmental
effects of mobile phone antennas. They demand that no cellular communication tower be
constructed in residential areas, due to concerns over potential health hazards. The city
will commission professional reports from additional sources, according to Bnei Brak Mayor
Rabbi Mordechai Karelitz "This is in order to satisfy the concerns of the public who,
on the one hand, want excellent reception for their cellular phones, and on the other,
want to be completely reassured about the likelihood of radiation emanating from these
antennas" Unlike other Western countries, Israel requires a permit certifying
acceptable (acceptable to whom? - Powerwatch comment) levels of radiation emissions for
every single communication installation. As part of a planning application, the operator
must submit a report detailing potential risks. Factors such as the location of the
installation, its possible effects on the environment, engineering needs, technical
details, equipment, location of other antennas in the area, antenna interactions and other
aspects of each site are assessed before a permit is issued.
21st June 2002
Judge Catherine Blake in Baltimore, America, is to rule on a case where Christopher Newman
has been suing a mobile phone company for causing his brain tumour. She is to base her
judgement on the results of a single paper produced by Lennart Hardell of Sweden on the
effects of mobile and cordless phones on the development of brain tumours.
She has been asked to rule upon the admissibility of certain evidence -- and the question
of scientific "peer review" or publication has been raised. The conclusions
drawn from two widely cited papers by Muscat & Inskip, touted as 'no problems' papers,
were amended later by the authors, that the time scales were too short to make definitive
statements about potential health effects; that latency periods for slow-growing tumours
had to be allowed for. Lennart Hardell's work, taking a slightly longer time scale into
account was beginning to show concerning trends of increased risk of brain tumour
development with increasing years of mobile phone (and cordless phone) use. Not only will
her decision determine whether the case becomes the first to go to trial, but it likely
will set a precedent for the nine or so cancer lawsuits pending against the mobile-phone
industry. A ruling against Newman would essentially doom the lawsuit and others like it.
Dr. Robert Kane, author of Cellular Telephone Russian Roulette and former insider in the
telecom industry, comments that the question raised with the judge over the credibility of
'peer reviewed papers only' is a phony issue. It has nothing to do with
"science." It has to do with a system of 'science reporting' which is heavily
biased against scientific advances that may challenge certain vested interests. A system,
in other words, that looks the other way as challenges to the 'establishment' journals are
not reported on an equal basis with the coverage that is given to the 'circle the wagons'
defenders of the status quo. Science seems to be more concerned with defending the notion
that we already know 'all there is to know'. Perhaps this flaw in the character of science
today has something to do with 'defending the sources of funding?'
Is it a coincidence that Robert Kane's book has been withdrawn from amazon.de and they say
that their wholesaler (Barnes & Noble) has eliminated his book suddenly from their
Latest international advice to youngsters on mobile phone use
The French Government have recently reminded parents that, on a precautionary basis, they
should tell their children to limit the use of mobile phones, and that when using an
earpiece pregnant women should keep the phone away from their developing baby and teenage
boys should keep it away from their testicles. (March 2002).
Bangladesh is preparing to ban mobile phones for children under 16 to protect them from
exposure to radiation that could damage their brains. Experts are preparing regulations to
stop companies from selling mobile phones to children. Mobile phone companies have lashed
out at the proposal, saying there is no scientific basis for the measure. (June 2002)
Thailand's interior minister, Purachai Piemsomboon, is considering banning the use of
cellphones by teenagers. He said that if teenagers continued to ignore the warnings about
mobile phones emitting radiation harmful to brain cells and nerves, a law might become
necessary to prevent them from using cellphones. (May 2002)
The UK Government's position continues to be that young people under the age of 16 should
ONLY use a mobile phone in an emergency and should not use one in other circumstances. It
is estimated 90% of 11-15 year-olds in the UK have their own mobile phone!
19th June 2002, Mobile Phones blood-brain barrier damage fears
A major study into the safety of mobile phones has concluded that they may affect the
health of people who use them.
New research carried out by scientists in Finland suggests radiation from mobile phones
causes changes in the brain.
At lass scientists are looking at at the effects of mobile phone radiation real human
brain cells. It was also announced that new studies involving real people with brain
tumours and their past mobile phone use weresoon to be started.
Professor Darius Leszcynski's two-year study concluded that even low-level
emissions from handsets are damaging. Scientists from the Radiation and Nuclear
Safety Authority found that exposing human cells to mobile phone radiation damaged the
blood-brain barrier - a safety barrier in the body that stops harmful substances in blood
from entering the brain. They discovered that the exposure caused the cells in blood
vessel walls to shrink which enabled toxic molecules to pass into brain tissue. This could
be relavant to brain tumours and dementias, etc.
But speaking to BBC News Online, Professor Leszcynski said: "The blood-brain
barrier has also been shown to be affected by radiation in animal studies. There is a lot
of uncertainty about whether this happens in humans. We have shown some biological
effects." He said these changes could have a serious impact on a person's health
if they were found to happen in humans rather than just isolated human brain cells in the
"If it did happen it could lead to disturbances, such as headaches, feeling tired
or problems with sleeping. A study by a Swedish research group even
suggested it could lead to Alzheimer's disease." However, he added: "It
is important to remember that our study has been done in the laboratory where we can
detect even the smallest changes. We cannot say whether it happens in humans. We need
further study looking at real people to see if the blood-brain barrier is affected. What
is happening in human brain is absolute enigma we don't know at all."
Prof Leszcynski also claimed that mobile phones were still safe to use. How he reconciles
this with his new work is rather puzzling.
"At the moment, there is no scientific support for introducing any sort of
limitation either on use of mobile phones or setting new safety limits."
"There is no need because we don't have any science to support it. All the
guidelines in place at the moment are fine." He said.
Prof Leszcynski will present his findings at the BEMS annual conference in Quebec, Canada,
In the latest (May / June) edition of Microwave News, it was reported that China (the
Chinese Ministry of Health and the Environmental Protection Agency), with over 166 million
mobile phone users, is considering adopting 1W/Kg SAR limit for mobile phones. This would
be the strictest SAR phone standard in the world. They are meeting opposition from
industry, who see this as a limitation on trade expansion. Representatives of Chinese
government agencies will visit Europe and the USA on fact-finding missions before a final
decision is made.
The Chinese health ministry has long had one of the world's strictest standards for
exposures to microwave radiation for both public and workers.
Chiang, a member of the Joint Working Group, wrote that the ICNIRP limits "are
based on short-term, immediate health effects", but that "there is a
body of literature which suggests that biological effects can be shown at levels of
radiation which do not produce heating or stimulation."
The London Borough of Harrow carried out a survey of ALL Local
Planning Authorities in England, as a result of which a Local Authority Telecoms Network
Conference was held in June to consider if it would be appropriate to set up a Local
Authority Network. The objectives would be to share information on telecoms and associated
issues, to act as a lobby group to influence Central Government legislation and guidance,
to consider commissioning research and information- gathering projects, and to liaise with
other technical & interested groups. The general view seemed to be that existing
Government advice was inadequate as was guidance on dealing with public fear and perceived
health risks. Community concerns have not been alleviated by PPG8. There seemed to be
support for the network in principle, and although suggestions were made in terms of its
organisation, resourcing and funding, these were not resolved !!
Professor Lawrie Challis, vice-chairman of the Stewart Committee is to
speak at a Devon seminar on mobile phone masts at the Tiverton Hotel, on 5
July 2002 between 9.30am and 4.30pm. It has been organised after the Express
& Echo highlighted the concerns about the number of cancers suffered by residents
living near to a mast in Crediton. Other speakers will include top-level scientists,
representatives of Devon & Cornwall Police, legal experts and telecommunications
industry representatives, including 3G and TETRA. A number of spaces are still available @
£10 for members of the public who will have opportunities to ask questions. For further
information call Mike Shaw on 01884 234229 by July 1.
The High Court rules that Health is a material planning consideration
Mr Justice Hooper has confirmed in an order granting leave for judicial review that health
is a material consideration that must be taken into account when making decision on
telecommunication installations. The case has profound significance for every local
authority in the country as it clearly makes the point that not only is health a material
planning consideration, but that members of the public should expect that decision makers
give reasons for their decisions.
Mr Justice Hooper said that he felt that residents were entitled to a decision which
explained why it was considered appropriate for a mast to be built so close to a school,
in view of the Stewart Report.
The Judge then went on to recommend to the local authority that they should not oppose the
This decision follows on from the decision of Mr Justice Ouseley in R v Stockport MBC
exparte Smith, who granted leave for judicial review where health was not taken into
There are, therefore, now two cases that clearly demonstrate that health MUST be taken
into account, to decide an application otherwise is unlawful.
CfPS (Campaign for Planning Sanity) Chair Chris Maile said "This judgement is
significant and will fundamentally alter the manner in which phone mast applications are
considered. And further that planning authorities MUST take into account the findings of
the Stewart report. And that they must give detailed reasons for their decision, in order
that residents can best understand the reasons for approving the application."
Not taking into account health considerations is now unlawful.
The matter was later put back to the planning committee, who refused the application on,
amongst other grounds, the concerns of residents of adverse health. The decision is now on
appeal to the planning inspector, and a public inquiry is expected later in the year.
The sad story printed in the Western Gazette on 13th June (see below) about the teenager
who died of a brain tumour, raises questions about the environmentally hazardous world we
now live in.
Samantha, a hairdressing student, and her parents were convinced that it was her intensive
and extensive mobile phone use which was responsible for her brain tumour. The fact that
the tumour was in the place where the main emissions from her phone would have radiated
her brain, makes the argument a persuasive one. It is likely that the RF exposure she was
subject to played an important part in the growth, if not in the initiation of the tumour.
The cause of cancer is rarely simple, one sole cause rarely leads to the outcome. If it
were that simple, there would be a large number of teenagers, who use their phones with as
much eagerness as did Samantha, who would be suffering from brain tumours, and this isn't
Most cancers have a multi-stage process. Each individual carries a different genetic
history, and then is exposed to different environmental exposures, and chooses to lead a
unique lifestyle. There may be a genetic tendency, there may be exposure to ionising
radiation, there may be illnesses, there may be chemical exposures, an inadequate or poor
diet, there may be spontaneous DNA mutation, there may be exposure to electromagnetic
radiation (from our use of power, or telecommunications).
It seems that some combinations can lead to tragic consequences in one person, and can be
shrugged off by immune system repair mechanisms in another. The more our immune systems
are compromised by our lifestyle, the more we are likely (though not certain) to reap the
consequences in adverse health reactions.
Chemicals used in hairdressing have been associated in the past with an increased risk of
developing cancers. The chemicals have changed, eliminating the more hazardous ones.
However, it is difficult to keep pace with the changing chemical exposures we are subject
to. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in America, currently recognises more than
four million chemical compounds. More than 60,000 of these are produced commercially, with
three new compounds introduced each day - the vast majority were not found in the natural
environment of people living on Earth. In 1992, an EPA study revealed that of 7,000
Americans chosen at random, 71 percent had toxic chemical residues in their urine.
In the same way as not all heavy mobile phone using teenagers get brain tumours, not all
hairdressers get cancer. Life is never that simple, or we would avoid the obvious
contaminants - possibly.
However, people still smoke, they still drink-drive, they eat barbecued meat (associated
with cancer), they don't consume 5 portions of fruit and / or vegetables a day (associated
with a reduction in cancer risk). We have to weigh up the risks we are exposed to and make
It is a tragedy that Samantha is no longer able to make the risk assessments we have to
make daily in the course of living. Our heartfelt sympathies go out to her family.
13th June 2002: Mobile
Phone killed our daughter
The grieving parents of a student who died
of a brain tumour have blamed her tragic death on radiation from her mobile phone. The
phone had an antenna and where she held it to her head was where the tumour appeared. It
is extremely rare for someone as young as Samantha to get a brain tumour. It is most
common in men over 65 Said Mrs Miller, 38 of Yeovil.
Parents grieve for student who died from a brain tumour.
Samantha Miller, aged 17 has died after a 15 month battle against the cancer. Samantha was
diagnosed with the tumour a glioblastoma multiforme- after complaining of severe
headaches. In March last year surgeons at Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, operated on the
tumour. This was followed by a course of radiotherapy but this January it returned. She
died at Littlebridge House a childrens hospice in Fremington, Devon.
The Strode College (Street, Somerset, UK) student was studying hairdressing and had been
an extremely popular member of the course said Barbara Millard, deputy head of the
colleges hair, beauty and complementary therapy team. Samanth's parents Bill and
Janet, of Marl Close, Yeovil, said they wanted to publicly thank everyone who had
supported their daughter and their family through such a traumatic time.
Mr and Mrs Miller plan to lay Samantha to rest in Yeovil Cemetery on what would have been
her 18th birthday on Wednesday. Mrs Miller said: "Samantha was a very popular and
bubbly girl, I could not believe how many friends she had. She was always on the
phone to them. We think that is what caused the tumour in the first place. Samantha also
Abridged. Western Gazette today (13 June 2002). By Simon Garnett Front page


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GK & Current Affairs Quiz: May 16, 2019
Watch Video Here
1. Which of the bowlers has been adjudged as 2019 CEAT International Bowler of the Year?
2. The United Nations (UN) has decided to hold its 2020 ocean conference in which of the following cities?
3. Who of the following spinners has become the world’s most successful women’s ODI spinner?
4. Which country has started test run on world’s fastest-ever bullet train “Alfa-X”?
5. Yuvika 2019, which is in news recently, is associated to which of the organizations?
|View All E-Books: Recent Release|

domain: news


text:
Kennesaw State was playing their second game of the day as they advanced to the Atlantic Sun championship game to play against top-seeded Belmont. In the prior game on Saturday Kennesaw State defeated Florida Gulf Coast 14-3 for the right to play in the title game. However, the momentum ran out for Kennesaw State who loss to top-seeded Belmont 10-4.
The win for Belmont avenged their opening round loss to Kennesaw State and it was their second consecutive Atlantic Sun tournament championship.
Kennesaw State got on the board first and led 2-0 heading into the bottom of the third inning, but then Belmont tied the game when they scored a pair of runs when freshman Matt Beaty drove in Belmont's first run on a sacrifice fly to left. The next run was scored by junior Judah Akers who singled to center to tie the game.
Belmont then had a four-run fifth inning to take a 6-2 lead over Kennesaw State. Kennesaw State did make a comeback by scoring a pair of runs in the top of the seventh inning to make it a 7-4 game, but Belmont had one more strong inning and put up three more runs in the bottom of the eighth inning to seal the game.


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What is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens?
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a biofungicide and bactericide to control garden-based plant diseases; it is a species of bacterium belonging to the Bacillus genus. Bacillus amylolquefaciens is considered a biocontrol bacterium that is known for its proficiency in root colonization. Specifically, this bacterium fights against plant root pathogens in a variety of settings including, aquaculture, agriculture, and hydroponics. One of the ways that the bacterium fights against pathogens is by out-competing the pathogen in question and has shown effectiveness against a variety of root pathogens that harm crop output in the agricultural and hydroponic communities.
Appearance: Brown/yellow powder
Minimum Viable Count: 10 Billion CFU/g
- Keep in a cool, dry place under average temperature.
- Avoid sun exposure.
- Seal after each use.
- Use regularly after opening.
Shelf Life: Freshness guaranteed for 18 months in well-sealed condition and stored at or below 18 C / 64 F. Do not freeze.
Warning: This product is not intended for human consumption.

domain: agronomy


Ayesha Barenblat wants you to think before you buy your next article of clothing. She's the founder of Remake, a San Francisco–based nonprofit dedicated to raising awareness about the environmental destruction and human cost of the fashion industry.
She gets people to think primarily through digital storytelling — creating videos, photo-rich stories, and other compelling content meant to encourage people to "buy better." Buying better means taking into account the working conditions of workers in factories that make cheap clothing. It also means taking into account the pollution that unsustainable manufacturing practices cause across the world.
To compete with the companies whose practices it hopes to expose, Remake must make high-quality digital content. But on a shoestring budget, accessing tools such as Adobe Photoshop and Premiere — or any of the programs available in the Adobe Creative Cloud — can be challenging. However, programs like Adobe for Nonprofits at TechSoup can make accessing these products a reality for nonprofits.
Equipped with professional digital tools, Remake continues to amplify the conversation about the true cost of the clothing industry — and will do so for years to come.
Additional Resources: Adobe for Nonprofits
- Learn how to tell your nonprofit's story with TechSoup's online course.
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- Compare Premiere Pro, Premiere Elements, and Premiere Rush.


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Hundreds of Australians serving in Viet Nam were honoured by the United States of America, the Republic of South Viet Nam and Cambodia for personal gallantry, service and as part of a unit or formation. Personnel from the Australian Navy, Army and Air Force and those serving in non-military employment were all recipients.
In 1995 the Australian government authorised the acceptance and the wearing of personal USA awards, Unit Awards was permitted from 1968 when D Company 6RAR was presented with the US Presidential Citation (Army).
December 1997 the Australian Government produced a Special Gazette to include awards from the Republic of South Vietnam (SVN) and Cambodia. Awards from the USA government was covered in a gazette of 1995.
Based on the information in Special Gazette S548 dated 22 December 1997 a number of applications were forwarded to various government ministers and the Army seeking approval for acceptance and the wearing of the Vietnamese Awards intended for those Australian warriors named as recipients to the Honours and Awards parade held at Nui Dat, the Australian base in Phuoc Tuy Province on 2 September 1966.
The government of the 1966 advised that Australians were unable to accept foreign awards without approval from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. General Thieu, the then Chief of State, Vice President and Commander in Chief if the Republic of Viet Nam Armed Forces was caught between the a rock and a hard place. To 'save face' and honour the intent, he presented a gift instead of the medal on the understanding that approval would be sort and given, for the gallantry awards to individuals and the Cross of Gallantry with Palm Unit Citation to be presented at a later date.
Names of Recipients
Newspaper report of the day
Applications for the acceptance were submitted with the issuing of Special Gazette S548. For months there was no reply to correspondence from the Minister responsible for the administration of the applications to wear foreign decorations. Eventually a letter in reply was received stating that the South Vietnamese government did not intend to present decorations.
A year later, after irrefutable evidence was presented debunking that line, the next correspondence said that they intended to present but declined to do so. That too has been shown be incorrect. Mixed amongst all these false statements the government line changed saying that as the Vietnamese government no longer in exists no approval could be sort. A letter from South Vietnamese ambassador also reinforced his government's intention was not accepted.
Additional evidence was then presented to two Government Reviews, the End of Viet Nam War List. Its Term of Reference were too narrow to encompass these submissions.
Submissions were then presented to the other committee, the Southeast Asia Review into Anomalies of Service 1955 to 1975. This Committee also stated that its Terms of Reference did not permit the Long Tan submissions and referred the applicants back to the End of War Review. Reading the terms of reference to the SE Asia Review certainly indicates that this review was the correct place for the submission, not the End of War List Review.
At the time of assembling this page, November 1999, nothing has been resolved.
The government refuses to accept those submissions presented privately and to the Reviews into the Honours and Awards. The government had set the Terms of Reference that also allowed the exclusion of all Long Tan Warriors from any South Vietnamese awards.
Then after many months of frustration and anger the government suddenly released copies of cables from the Ambassador for Viet Nam Lewis Border to The Department of External Affairs in Canberra. These documents are part of the secret file held in Foreign Affairs and Trade as indicated to General Mohr, Chairman to a Review Committee.
These documents only continued to stiffen the resolve of those requesting fairness and justice.
The Commanding Officer of D Company 6RAR wrote to Mr Tran Van Lam who at the time, 18 August 1966, was President to the South Vietnamese Senate, later to become Ambassador to Australia. This letter was submitted to the Prime Minister and Cabinet Office as additional proof in support to previous submissions. Again the government refuted the claim.
Since 1996 the government has replied in the same manner, some replies verbatim to previous correspondence. The bureaucrats have effectively put the shutters up and across all departments the same standard replies are being received.
A search for photographic evidence of General Thieu presenting the gifts and not medals drew a blank. All evidence of this parade and presentation of gifts in all government departments has been erased. Thankfully Australia's free press carried the event in its publications otherwise there is no official proof that it ever took place.
An attempt is now being made to contact Gen Thieu who presented dolls instead of medals to the Australians. We know the truth but have been unable to convince our government to accept its bungling in the past.
Change of mind by government 26 June 2004
THE HON MAL BROUGH MP
MINISTER FOR EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
MINISTER ASSISTING THE MINISTER FOR DEFENCE
26 June 2004
22 VETERANS RECOGNISED FOR GALLANTRY AT LONG TAN
The Australian Government has today announced that 22 Veterans of the Battle of Long Tan have been granted permission by the Governor General to wear honours offered by the then South Vietnamese Government 38 years ago.
"'Following the Battle of Long Tan, the then South Vietnamese Government sought to award 22 soldiers of Delta Company 6th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment with military decorations for gallantry. During the course of the course of the Vietnam War, presentation of the medals did not take place due to protocol concerns held by the Australian Government at the time," Assistant Defence Minister, Mal Brough said today.
Understandably Australian Governments over time had difficulty resolving the issue following the demise of the former South Vietnamese Government. Noting there as no way to resolve the matter, a rare discretion in the principles of the Honours and Awards system was employed to allow those medals that were awarded, to be worn."
"The Howard Government agrees that there is sufficient evidence that the honour was bestowed on these gallantry men of the Australian Army, and Delta Company 6 RAR in particular."
"Obviously the Australian Government cannot issue the medals, however, we can complete the role the Australian Government does have and grant permission for those Awards, where available, to be worn. This small gesture honours these brave men."
"The Vietnamese conflict is part of our history. We now have a very different view and positive relationship with Vietnam, as do many of our Veterans groups. Together we can honour the lives lost on both sides."
The list of relevant Awards that the intended recipients can wear is attached
Media Enquiries: David Moore 0417 774 724
Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medals
Delta Company The Sixth Battalion Royal Australian Regiment
The Battle of Long Tan
National Order of Vietnam 5th Class
Brig O.D. Jackson [1ATF]
Maj H. Smith [D6RAR]
Cross of Gallantry with Palm
Lt Col C.M. Townsend [CO6RAR]
Capt C. Mollison [A6RAR]
2nd Lt D. Sabben [D6RAR]
2nd Lt G. Kendall [D6RAR]
Cross of Gallantry with Gold Star
Sgt R.S. Buick [D6RAR]
Cpl W.R. Moore [D6RAR
LCpl W. Roche [D6RAR]
LCpl B. Magnusson [D6RAR]
Cross of Gallantry with Silver Star
Pte G. Peters [D6RAR]
Pte A. May [D6RAR]
Pte N. Bextram [D6RAR]
Pte N. Grimes [D6RAR]
Pte I. Campbell [D6RAR]
Pte W. Akell [D6RAR]
Tpr P. McNamara [1APC]
LCpl G. Truss [A6RAR]
Bdr A. Graham [161 Bty RNZA]
Gnr P. Prosser [1 Fd Regt]
Sgt R. Richards [1APC]
Posthumous Cross of Gallantry with Gold Star
Cpl P.E. Clements [1APC]

domain: politics


text:
UNITED NATIONS, — United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has called the renewed fighting in South Sudan’s capital outrageous while pointedly addressing what he describes as the failed leadership in the country.
Ban warned Monday that the gravity of the situation demanded a rapid response, calling on the UN Security Council to impose an immediate arms embargo on the country, to expand targeted sanctions against leader and commanders blocking progress and to fortify the UN Mission with additional troops and equipment.
Ban spoke a day after the Security Council condemned the recent violence which has claimed closed to 300 lives since renewed fighting the country’s rival factions erupted in the capital, Juba, on Friday. Those killed included two Chinese UN peacekeepers and a civilian UN staff.
The work of UN peacekeepers has been impeded by the renewed fighting as factions loyal to President Salva Kiir and to First Vice-President Riek Machar marked the countries fifth anniversary of independence with fighting on the streets of the nation’s capital.
Ban said: “The renewed fighting is outrageous. It is yet another grievous setback, it deepens the country’s suffering. It makes a mockery of commitments to peace. Many people have been killed in heavy fighting. There are growing fears that many more could die in another round violence.”
UN compounds and protection sites have been caught in the crossfire with warnings that attacks on civilians, UN personnel, assets and premises could constitute war crimes.
“Yet again, the leaders of South Sudan have failed their people. Rarely has a country squandered so much promise so quickly. What kind of leadership is it that resorts to deadly weapons and identity politics, time and again? Failed leadership. My message to President Salva Kiir and First Vice-President Riek Machar is clear: do everything in your power to de-escalate the hostilities immediately. Order your respective forces to withdraw to their basis,” added Ban.
Both leaders have reportedly called on their factions to stand down but fighting continues. This has raised serious questions about command and control of military forces in the country and whether Kiir and Machar have the influence over their commanders and troops. Kiir has now reportedly ordered a ceasefire, saying he remains ready to work with his rival.
Ban said: “Today I urge the Council to take action on three fronts. First: impose an immediate arms embargo on South Sudan. Second: enact additional targeted sanctions on leaders or commanders blocking the implementation of the agreement. Third: fortify the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). We desperately need attack helicopters and other material to fulfil our mandate to protect civilians. I also urge all countries contributing to UNMISS to stand their ground while withdrawals would send precisely the wrong signals in South Sudan and across the world.”
The Secretary-General is expected to meet the Security Council on Tuesday to discuss the needs of the UN mission that is no longer keeping the peace but caught in the crossfire of identity politics and factionalism.
Source: Name News Network


It is known as Little Tibet and is located in northern India. It's called Ladakh. It is a huge cold desert where 274,000 people live. People live from agriculture and animal husbandry. These activities are maintained thanks to the spring melting of the glaciers. But the global temperature is melting them. Droughts are more common. What to do? Sonam Wangchuk, engineer of the place wondered. And he came up with the idea of artificial glaciers, ice stupas.
Another engineer had built embankments at different heights near the mountains. They stored the water that flowed from the streams in winter as small dams. This created flat artificial glaciers like frozen pools. In the past, the water evaporated before you could use it. They challenged Sonam Wangchuk, who likes to call himself a "problem solver".
A new idea
After thinking many times, an idea came to him. He would build an artificial glacier inspired by a stupa, the Buddhist sanctuary so common in Southeast Asia. Thanks to its conical shape, the surface exposed to the sun would be minimal. So would it take several months before it merged?
Wangchuk started work on the first prototype of an ice stupa in 2014. And it worked. «No electricity or other energy is needed. The only force that is needed to function is gravity, "he says. It's about guiding the water that flows in winter through a pipe to where the stupa is being built. At this point, it ends Pipe with a vertical section, the moment the channel is opened and, due to the physical principle of the communicating vessels, the water shoots up and tends to reach the height of the point at which it was collected When the ice-cold night is released, the droplets under pressure freeze almost instantly, falling into an ice pyramid around a simple structure of branches and trunks.
The first ice stupa
In 2015, Wnagchuk raised $ 125,000. With the help of the entire village, he managed to build the first ice stupa in Fiang Village. It was almost 20 meters high and remained frozen until April. Then it started to release up to one and a half million liters of water for two months. It was delivered to 5,000 young poplars that forged an oasis of hope as they grew. After this success, when he received the Rolex Initiative Award in 2016, Wangchuk took on his next challenge: to build another 20 ice stupas, each 30 meters high, in Ladakh. He tried to green the desert that stretches across the foothills of the Himalayas.
But it is not only in this area that they will benefit from artificial glaciers. The invention is interested in many places in the world. Also in Europe, where he built his first ice stupa in the Swiss Alps last year. This year 2020 he will work to freeze a glacial lake in Sikkim to stop flash floods.
The beauty of this idea is its simplicity, says Wangchuk. A simplicity that, as another great inventor, Leonardo da Vinci, allegedly said, is the greatest sophistication.


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The bighorn sheep is the mammalian symbol of Colorado Parks and Wildlife and Colorado's official animal. Colorado is home to the largest population of the species anywhere. The animals are five to six feet long with a tail three to six inches in length.


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The Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players Are Back TONIGHT!
The Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players aren’t your typical family band that performs songs based on slides of strangers they’ve found in garage sales and beyond. They are also one of the few bands lucky enough to say they’ve performed on Late Night TV (Late Night with Conan O’ Brien) and have had a documentary made about them out in which they’re heralded by Time Out New York, Pitchfork and more.
Okay, so they’re probably the only family band that can say they’ve done all of these things, but that’s exactly why you should check them out tonight at Bar Matchless. After a few years hiatus, the Players are back and gearing up to promote their just-released new album, Lost and Found.
Bands The Well Informed and Turner Cody are also on the bill, all part of a new series called “Campari Soda Presents” so hopefully that means there will be some Campari drink specials as well. Tonight’s also Ladies Night at Matchless, aka $4 well drinks until 2am for the Ladies.. $6 pint of Bud and a shot all night for everyone !
Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players
with The Well Informed and Turner Cody
557 Manhattan Avenue (at Driggs)
Photo Credit: Last.fm

domain: entertainment


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Bloom Alert: Crape-Myrtle
Most of the Garden’s crape-myrtle cultivars are in bloom now. These large, multistemmed shrubs are members of the genus Lagerstroemia and are native to Asia, India, and Australia. Their extravagant panicles of crinkly flowers appear in a wide array of colors ranging from white to multiple hues of pink to red.
In the U.S., crape-myrtles have long been favorites in Southern gardens and parks, but many cultivars are hardy in New York City too, even more so as the climate warms. Most members of the genus also have colorful fall foliage and smooth, pink and brown exfoliating bark, which extends the shrub's visual appeal into winter, after the leaves drop.
At the Garden, most of the crape-myrtles are concentrated near the Lilac Collection and along Lily Pool Terrace. There are three shrubs along the stairway at the south end of the Osborne Garden and two rows of various cultivars lining the staircase leading from the Overlook to the Cranford Rose Garden. There are also two white-flowered crape-myrtles—‘Natchez’—in the Perennial Border and three specimens of ‘Muskogee’ at the south end of Lily Pool Terrace. These have purple-pink flowers and bloom a bit later than the rest.
These beautiful summer blooms will likely persist through most of August. Be sure to see them!

domain: biology


text:
'GOJJELL' is Maltese for Jewel.
I am of Maltese origin and I believe my place of birth is a special 'jewel' in the heart of the Mediterranean.
Gozo, Malta's sister island,is tiny, a speck in the beautiful Mediterranean sea, yet it is blessed with so much natural beauty and uniqueness.
I thoroughly love working with beads! My creations are inspired by the actual beads I use which are sourced from all over the world.
All my pieces are one off because I believe originality is important and each piece should be 'special' to its wearer as well as its creator!
Have a browse through my store and see if you can find that special 'jewel' which you want to make your own.
Visit my blog for more insight into me and my journey.....always welcome to browse and comment of course!…
- Born on October 6
- Joined April 30, 2008


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Is America headed toward economic freedom—or the road to serfdom? That was the provocative title of a presentation made by W. Michael Cox, Ph.D., director of the O’Neil Center for Global Markets and Freedom at SMU’s Cox School of Business, at a forum hosted yesterday by the North Texas Commercial Association of Realtors.
Cox addressed a variety of topics regarding the future of the capitalist model in modern American economics, including big government vs. economic freedom, equality vs. opportunity, redistribution vs. production, dependence vs. responsibility, and poverty vs. wealth.
He began with a variety of statistics outlining Texas’s economic growth and standing relative to other states, and challenged national aggregated data that ranked Texas 30th in student testing scores by providing a breakdown of scores divided by students’ race and ethnicity. Those showed score rankings of first for white Texan students, sixth for Hispanic Texan students, seventh for black Texan students, third for Asian students, and second among all other states in data that ranks demographics separately rather than aggregating.
He then discussed motivators behind the economic philosophy behind both capitalism and socialism, saying that socialism stems from lofty humanistic goals regarding helping those less fortunate, while capitalism stems from money-motivated individuals who put themselves and their financial stability first. He explained that socialism, in theory, aims to uphold the principles of altruism and freedom but, in practice, yields coercion and greed, while capitalism, in both theory and practice yields freedom and greed, the latter of which Cox calls an “artifact of humanity,” or natural byproduct of the human condition.
Cox said capitalism is an economic strategy that “lifts the social well-being of the masses through voluntary exchange.” His presentation emphasized, through the use of examples of implementation of either philosophy by governments in Chile, the former Soviet Union, and Cuba, that capitalism, rather than socialism, does the most effective job creating wealthy individuals and distributing overall wealth most evenly among many—an assertion he supported with the statistic that the poorest 5 percent of Americans are better off than two-thirds of the rest of the world.
Cox shared a translated quote attributed to philosopher Cicero: “The budget should be balanced, the Treasury should be refilled, public debt should be reduced, the arrogance of officialdom should be tempered and controlled, and assistance to foreign hands should be curtailed, lest (the nation) fail. People must again learn to work, instead of living on public assistance.”
Cox wrapped up his presentation with a list of do’s and don’t for the audience: Do, he says, understand how the capitalist model works. Do support, defend and appreciate it, and be grateful and generous when it yields strong returns. Don’t, however, act without a rational understanding of the model, show off or make a public spectacle of the wealth it facilitates, envy, or become complacent or apathetic about the capitalist system. By abiding by these simple guidelines, Cox says citizens can fulfill their responsibilities of saving the capitalist system to create and fuel a better America.


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domain: health