|Publication number||US4855677 A|
|Application number||US 07/167,289|
|Publication date||Aug 8, 1989|
|Filing date||Mar 11, 1988|
|Priority date||Mar 11, 1988|
|Also published as||EP0332048A2, EP0332048A3|
|Publication number||07167289, 167289, US 4855677 A, US 4855677A, US-A-4855677, US4855677 A, US4855677A|
|Inventors||William G. Clark, Jr., Michael J. Metala|
|Original Assignee||Westinghouse Electric Corp.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (87), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention generally relates to an eddy current probe system and method, and is specifically concerned with an improved probe system having a plurality of concentrically-disposed coils for simultaneously detecting different types of flaws or disconinuities at different depths within a wall of, for example, an InconelŽ tube.
Eddy current probes for inspecting the walls of metallic conduits are known in the prior art. Such probes are particularly useful in inspecting the Inconel tubes used as heat exchangers in nuclear steam generators for flaws caused by corrosion or fretting. Generally, these eddy current probes comprise a coil mounted in a probe head that is slidably movable within the interior of the tube being inspected, and electrically connected to a current generator which conducts an alternating current through the coil as it is moved. The current generator is typically capable of generating alternating currents having frequencies of between 10 kHz and 1 MHz. An impedance detecting circuit, which may take the form of an inductive bridge. is also connected across the leads of the coil. In operation, the alternating current conducted through the coil excites it into generating a pulsating magnetic field whose magnitude and polarity changes in accordance with the frequency of the current. When the coil of the probe is positioned in the vicinity of an electrically conductive wall, the changing magnetic flux emanating from the coil induces eddy currents in a portion of the wall. The particular voltage, amperage and direction of the eddy currents produced are dependent in part upon the specific impedance of the portion of the wall that conducts the eddy current. Because the direction of flow of the eddy currents generated by the coil is opposite to the current flowing through the probe coil, the magnetic field created by the eddy currents creates an impedance in the probe coil. The impedance experienced by the eddy currents is in turn dependent upon the resistance these currents encounter as they circulate through the wall. Since flaws in the metal wall (such as cracks, pits, or regions of local thinning) create regions of higher resistances at the flaw locations, eddy current probes may be used to locate flaws by constantly monitoring the impedances of the coils as the probe coils are moved along the walls of the tube. Sharp changes in impedance over localized areas would indicate the existence of cracks or pits or other relatively small-area flaws, whereas gradual changes in impedance over a broad region of the conduit might indicate large-area flaws such as a grain change in the metal, an area of material creep, or a thinned wall region.
Typically, such prior art eddy current probes utilize either a single bobbin type coil whose axis of rotation is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the conduit being inspected (and which is operated in an "absolute" mode), or a pair of bobbin coils having the same radius which are spaced apart from one another (which are operated in a "differential" mode). In either case, the probe head containing either the single or the double coil is moved within the interior of the tube along its longitudinal axis. More recently, "pancake-type" probe coil configurations have come in to use. In such configurations, the axis of rotation of the windings of a relatively flat coil is disposed along the radius of the conduit, and the coil is used to scan the inner wall of the conduit by moving it both radially and longitudinally, thereby imparting a helical motion to the coil. Such pancake-type coils are capable of more accurately locating the precise point where some types of flaws reside in the conduit wall. Both configurations have been successfully used in hostile environments where direct inspection of tubing is impossible, such as the walls of the approximately 40 miles of Inconel tubes used as heat exchangers in nuclear steam generators.
While such probes are capable of performing satisfactory inspections of such heat exchanger tubes, the applicants have noted a number of problems associated with these probes which, up to now, has limited their usefulness. For example, since the depth of penetration of a particular pulsating magnetic field is dependent upon its frequency, it is difficult or impossible for a coil conducting an alternating current of a fixed frequency to simultaneously and reliably resolve flaws at all depths of the conduit wall. Secondly, while a small-diametered coil is best able to accurately pinpoint the location of a particular flaw, such a coil is incapable of transmitting pulsating magnetic fields having frequencies low enough to completely penetrate the conduit walls if the coil diameter is made too small. The applicants have observed that these constraints often necessitate multiple scans of the tube wall with different diametered coils operating at different frequencies if all of the flaws therein are to be accurately and reliably located. However, the multiple scanning of a particular tube wall with different probe coils operating at different current frequencies greatly protracts the time necessary for the testing which in turn results in increased down-time for the steam generator being inspected. As the typical revenue losses associated with such generator down-time often exceeds $100,000.00 a day, the expenses associated with the necessary multiple scans are very substantial Moreover, such multiple scanning also increases the time that the inspecting personnel are exposed to potentially hazardous radiation, which adds even more to the cost of the eddy current testing.
In view of the foregoing, the applicants have concluded that there is a need for an eddy current probe system which is capable of accurately and reliably plotting all types of flaws at all different depths within the walls of a small diametered metallic tube with only a single rapid scan. Ideally, such an eddy current probe system would provide better resolution than any prior art probe system or combination of any such systems. Finally, the eddy current probe system should be extremely versatile, and capable of instantaneously adjusting its pulsating magnetic fields for maximum coupling with the flaw areas detected so as to afford maximum resolution under a broad range of conditions.
Generally speaking, the invention is an improved eddy current probe for simultaneously detecting different types of flaws at different depths. The improved probe includes a current generator for generating alternating currents of substantially different frequencies, and a plurality of concentrically arranged coils, each of which separately communicates with the current generating means and each of which conducts an alternating current of substantially different frequency for detecting different types of flaws at different depths within the metallic wall. A magnetic shielding material is disposed between the edges of adjacent coils for preventing cross-talk between each coil and the pulsating magnetic fields generated by adjacent coils. The probe system further includes an impedance detector circuit for providing an electrical output representative of the relative impedance of the respective coils. Both the current generator means and impedance detector circuit may be parts of a commercially available eddy current testing device.
Preferably, the highest frequency alternating current is conducted through the coil having the smallest diameter, whereas the lowest frequency alternating current is conducted through the coil having the largest diameter, for two reasons. First, the application of a relatively low frequency alternating current to the largest diameter coil insures that at least one of the pulsating fields emanating from the coils will penetrate far enough into the tube wall and resolve flaws located on the exterior tube surface, such as areas of grain change, creep and wall thinning due to corrosion, fretting or mechanical scratching. Second, the application of a relatively high frequency alternating current to the smallest diameter coil not only allows this coil to detect and to pinpoint the location of small area flaws such as cracks and pits, but also creates a small and well defined reference point that the probe system operator may use to infer the location of all of the other coils in the probe head at all times. The probe head of the preferred embodiment includes three concentrically disposed coils of progressively larger diameter which may conduct frequencies as high as 1.0 MHz and as low as 30 kHz. The inner coil preferably initially conducts an alternating current of approximately 500 kHz, the middle coil a current of approximately 250 kHz, and the outer coil a current of approximately 50 kHz.
Finally, the improved eddy current probe system may include a computer connected to both the impedance detector circuit and the current generator for adjusting and multiplexing the frequencies of the alternating current conducted through the coils of the probe head as the head is moved along a selected portion of the metallic wall and comparing the resulting amounts of coil impedance detected in order to minimize the impedance of each coil and hence to maximize the flaw-detecting resolution of the probe head.
In the method of the invention, the computer receives and stores the value of the impedance of each coil as the probe is helically moved around the interior of the tube wall. When impedance changes are detected, the computer incrementally adjusts the frequencies of these currents either upwardly or downwardly, and compares the values of the impedances of each coil associated with both the old frequency and the new incrementally adjusted frequency. The computer makes subsequent incremental adjustments to the alternating current frequencies based on the resulting comparisons for the purpose of arriving at the minimum impedance values achievable with the coils. When such maximum impedances are obtained, the resolution of the probe head, as a whole, is maximized.
The probe system of the invention obviates the need for multiple scans of the tube wall being inspected. The concentric arrangement of the coils locates flaws and other discontinuities in a faster and more accurate manner than would a colinear or other multiple arrangement of such coils due to the clear reference point provided by the centrally disposed, small diameter coil which preferably transmits a sharply focused, high-frequency pulsating magnetic field. Finally, the near-instantaneous, impedance minimizing adjustments of the frequencies of the alternating currents conducted through the various-diametered coils insures that the resolution of the probe head will be maximized at every point of inspection without any significant sacrifice in scanning time.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the overall system of the invention, illustrating both the manner in which the probe head scans a tube, the manner in which the probe output is displayed, and the lay-out of the components of the eddy current circuitry that implements the method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded, side view of the probe head of the invention;
FIG. 3A is a plan view of the probe head illustrated in FIG. 2 with the coils shown in phantom;
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional side view of the probe head illustrated in FIG. 3A;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are a schematic diagram of a pancake-type eddy current probe coil, and a graph representing the relationship between the depth of penetration of the pulsating magnetic field emanated by a particular probe coil as a function both of the diameter of the probe, and the frequency of the alternating current applied thereto, and
FIGS. 5A and 5B together form a flow chart illustrating the preferred method of the invention as implemented by the circuitry illustrated in FIG. 1.
With reference now to FIG. 1, wherein like numbers designate like components throughout all the several figures, the eddy current probe system 1 of the invention is particularly well adapted for inspecting the walls 2 of an Inconel tube 3 of the type used in nuclear steam generators for different types of flaws at different depths within the walls 3, such as cracks 4 (both axially and radially aligned), pits 5, and broader sections 6 of the tube wall which have been subjected to creep or grain change, or thinned by corrosion, fretting or mechanical abrasion. The probe system 1 includes a probe head 8 which emanates a magnetic field 9 generated by a multiplicity of concentrically-arranged coils, each of which conducts a different frequency alternating current. The probe head 8 is mechanically mounted in a probe body (not shown) that is moved along a helical path by a drive unit 8.5 that includes an electric drive motor coupled to an optical encoder. The drive unit 8.5 is selectively actuated by a switching circuit 9.5 that is in turn connected to a power source (not shown).
The probe head 8 is electrically connected via a cable to eddy current circuitry generally designated at 10. This eddy current circuitry 10 includes a computer-compatible frequency multiplexer 11 which, in the preferred embodiment, is a model MIZ 18 manufactured by Zetec, Inc., located in Isaquah, Washington. The frequency multiplexer 11 is connected to a computer 12 which is programmed to adjust the frequencies of the currents conducted through the coils of the probe head 8 to optimize resolution whenever an impedance change indicative of a flaw or other discontinuity is detected. In the preferred embodiment, the computer 12 is preferably a Model HP 9836 and an IEEE 488 interface circuit manufactured by Hewlett-Packard located in Palo Alto, California, modified by a Zetec DDA-4 processing package.
The output of the computer 12 is connected to a cathode ray tube (CRT) 13 which displays, through selected computer graphics, the impedance changes experienced by the coils within the probe head 8 as they are helically moved around the inner surface of the wall 2 of the Inconel tube 3. The frequency multiplexer 11 includes a current generator 14 for generating a multiplicity of alternating currents. The leads of the concentrically arranged coils within the probe head 8 are connected to the current generator 14 by way of a switching circuit 15. This switching circuit 15 acts to selectively conduct the same current through one or more of the concentrically arranged coils in the probe head 8 when the overall resolution of the system 1 would be enhanced by such an interconnection The current generator 14 is connected to and controlled by a frequency adjusting and timing circuit 16. The circuit 16 is capable of not only changing the frequency of the currents conducted through each of the concentrically arranged coils of the probe head 8, but also of multiplexing a sequence of different-frequency currents through each of the coils. Finally, the frequency multiplexer 11 includes an impedance measuring circuit 17 which may be an inductive bridge connected to the current generator 14 for measuring changes in impedance experienced by the concentrically arranged coils in the probe head 8 as they are helically moved along the tube 3.
In operation, the probe head 8 is mounted within a probe body such as the DelrinŽ probe carrier of the combined ultrasonic and eddy current inspection probe described and claimed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 079,860, filed July 30, 1987, by Thomas Arzenti and assigned to the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the entire specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. The probe carrier of the aforementioned probe helically moves the probe head 8 in wiping engagement with the inner surface of the wall 2 of an Inconel tube 3 to scan the same. As is indicated in FIG. 1, such helical motion includes an axial component along the longitudinal axis Y of the tube 3, as well as an angular component w along the radius r of the tube 3. As will be described in more detail hereinafter, as the probe head 8 is scanningly moved throughout the inner surface of the tube wall 2, different frequencies of alternating current are conducted through different probe coils so as to generate a plurality of different shaped pulsating magnetic fields. At least one of these coils generates a field that penetrates completely through the wall 2 of the tube 3 so that exterior surface flaws such as the thinned portion 6 of the tube may be detected. At least one of the coils generates a magnetic field which interacts substantially with the inner surface of the wall 2 of the tube 3 so that interior surface flaws such as pit 5 which exist predominantly in the interior portion of the wall 2 may be detected. Finally, at least one of the coils in the probe head 8 generates a pulsating magnetic field whose lines of flux interact principally with the interior portion of the wall 2 in order to resolve flaws such as the crack 4 which extends completely through the wall 2 of the tube 3.
The results of the scan may be displayed on the CRT tube 13 by way of computer graphics wherein the vertical axis designates the impedance changes experienced by each of the coils, the perspective axis represents the longitudinal axis Y of the tube 3 and the horizontal axis represents the angular location of the probe head 8 with respect to the radius of the tube 3. Preferably, each one of the ten scans illustrated on the CRT screen 13 includes a different-colored output for each of the coils in the probe head 8. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, three coils are used in the probe head 8, although many more of such coils may be used if desired. In the graph displayed on CRT screen 13, the output of the small-frequency coil is illustrated by a small-dashed line, while the output of the medium and low frequency coils are represented by large-dashed and solid lines, respectively. In the preferred embodiment, the small, medium and large diametered coils are initially operated at 500, 250 and 50 kHz respectively, and are adjusted to maximize the resolution of the probe system 1 when an impedance change indicative of a flaw is detected.
With reference now to FIGS. 2 3A and 3B, the exterior of the probe head 8 is formed by a casing 19 preferably fabricated from a plastic material such as Delrin. The casing 19 includes a ring-shaped side wall 20 for retaining the coils and the probe head 8, as well as a circular back plate 21 having a centrally disposed mounting lug 22 projecting therefrom. In the preferred embodiment, the ring-shaped side wall 20, the circular back plate 21 and mounting lug 22 are all integrally formed. The interior of the probe head 8 includes outer, middle and inner shield walls 23, 25 and 27, as well outer, middle and inner probe coils 32, 34, 36. Each of the shield walls 23, 25 and 27 is formed from a ring 29 of material that is very high in magnetic permeability which is closely circumscribed by a ring 30 of material which is somewhat lower in magnetic permeability but which has higher saturation characteristics than the ring 29 that it circumscribes. In the preferred embodiment, the inner ring 29 of each shield is formed from Netic* foil, while the outer ring 30 of each shield is formed from Co-Netic* foil. The ring-shaped shield walls 23, 25 and 27 insulate each of the coils 32, 34 and 36 from the pulsating magnetic fields created by the coils adjacent thereto by providing a low reluctance path that diverts potentially interfering magnetic fields from the coil surrounded thereby. Such shielding in turn prevents inter coil cross-talk during the operation of the probe system 1. As is evident in FIG. 2, each of the coils 32, 34 and 36 includes a pair of leads 33a, 33b, 35a, 35b and 37a, 37b which is ultimately connected to the frequency multiplexer 11 by way of a cable as indicated in FIG. 1. Also, a ferrite focusing core 39 is centrally disposed within the inner coil 36 in order to both focus and intensify the pulsating magnetic field generated thereby, thereby advantageously creating a reference point for inferring the location of the surrounding coils 32 and 34. While a total of three coils are shown in the preferred embodiment, a greater number of coils could be used if desired.
In the preferred embodiment, both the outer, middle and inner probe coils 32, 34 and 36 are formed from about thirty windings of copper wire. As the outer diameter of the probe head 8 is only about 0.1875 inches, these windings are formed from very thin wire. In the alternative, the coil windings may also be formed from state-of-the-art printed circuit board techniques. Probe head coils formed by way of this latter method are advantageously flatter than coils formed by bobbin-like windings of copper wire. Such extreme flatness might have the affect of increasing the overall resolution of the probe head 8 since the fields generated by the coils 32, 34 and 36 would not significantly project out of the back side of the probe head 8, where they might have an opportunity to interact with a metallic body which is not the particular portion of the conduit wall 2 being inspected. In both embodiments, the front face of the probe head 8 is coated with a thin layer of Delrin or some other self-lubricating plastic material both to protect the delicate coil windings, and to minimize friction as the probe head 8 helically rides along the inner surface of the tube wall 2 being inspected.
With reference now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the casing 19 of the probe head 8 further includes three pairs of lead bores 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, and 43a, 43b for conducting the lead wires 33a, 33b, 35a, 35b, and 37a, 37b of the coils 32, 34 and 36 respectively. As is indicated in FIG. 1, these lead wires are ultimately connected to the switching circuit 15 of the frequency multiplexer 11 by way of a cable which extends through the drive unit 8.5 by way of appropriate slip-ring connectors (not shown).
The general operation of the probe head 8 may best be understood with reference to FIGS. 3B, 4A and 4B. At the beginning of each data increment, the frequencies of the currents conducted through the coils 32, 34 and 36 are selected so that the field 45 emanated by the largest-diametered coil 32 will penetrate completely through the wall 2 of the Inconel tube 3 being inspected, while the field 47 emanated by the smallest-diametered coil 36 will only shallowly penetrate into the inner surface of the wall 2. The field 46 emanated by the middle-diametered coil 34 interacts primarily with the interior of the wall 2 of the tube 3. Such a field shape insures that no significant discontinuity at any point along the wall thickness will be overlooked by the probe system 1.
While it would be possible to operate the largest diametered coil 32 at the highest frequency, and the smallest diametered coil 36 at the lowest frequency, such a mode of operation is normally not preferred by virtue of the limitations illustrated in the graph of FIG. 4B. This graph demonstrates that the depth of penetration of the pulsating magnetic field emanating from a particular coil is dependent not only upon the frequency of the current conducted through the coil, but also upon the diameter of the coil. This graph also illustrates that, in order to achieve a particular depth of penetration P. the coil diameter D must be of a certain minimal size before any effective penetration can take place, no matter how low the frequency of the current conducted thereby. Hence, the diameter of the smallest-diametered coil 36 may well be below the minimum size diameter necessary to project a pulsating magnetic field completely through the wall 2 of an Inconel tube 3. Of course, the diameter of the smallest diametered coil 36 could be made large enough to project a field through the wall. But if this were done, the resolution ability of the probe head 8 might be seriously diminished, since the resulting large coils would not be capable of accurately locating the borders of small area flaws. For all these reasons, the smallest-diametered coil 36 is generally operated at the highest frequency, while the largest-diametered coil 32 is operated at the lowest frequencies.
FIGS. 5A and 5B form a flow chart which specifically represents the method of the invention as implemented by the computer 12. After the probe body (not shown) carrying the probe head 8 has been slidably inserted into a particular heat exchanger tube 3 so that the probe head 8 is adjacent to the region of the tube 3 that the operator wishes to inspect, the operator first selects the precise axial length of the tube 3 that he wishes to scan as indicated by box 52. Next. the computer 12 converts this axial length into numbers of scans, as is indicated by box 54. This is a simple operation, which is determined on the basis of the pitch of the thread of the screw (not shown) used to impart helical motion to the probe body.
After the computer 12 has determined the number of scans corresponding to the selected axial length of the tube 3 to be inspected, the system operator next selects and angular increment of data acquisition, as is indicated by box 56. If the operator desires a relatively quick, coarse resolution scan of the tube 3, this angular increment may be as high as 15 degrees. If, on the other hand, he wishes to have a relatively quick, fine resolution scan made of the axial length being inspected, this angular increment may be as low as 1 degree. Normally, to provide for a uniform resolution throughout the entire 360 degrees of the scan, the angular increment chosen will be a number of degrees which is evenly divisible into 360 degrees.
In the next step of the method, the computer 12 determines the total number of data increments Nt to be taken by determining the number of angular increments in each scan, and multiplying times the number of scans computed in step 54. After this has been accomplished, the drive unit 8.5 that moves the probe head 8 is actuated as is indicated by step 60. This is accomplished by the computer 12 actuating the power switching circuit 9.5, which connects the electric motor of the drive unit 8.5 to a source of electrical power (not shown). Immediately after the motor has been actuated, the output of the optical encoder coupled to the drive unit motor is fed into the input of the computer 12.
Once the computer 12 begins to receive an output from the optical encoder of the drive unit 8.5, it inquires whether or not the encoder rotates past a zero degree position within a selected time period, as is indicated by question block 62. If the computer 12 does not receive such a confirmation signal, it displays an error condition, as is indicated by block 63, which informs the operator of the probe system 1 that the motor and encoding unit 8.5 is not properly rotating the probe head 8. If, on the other hand, it receives a signal that indicates that the encoder of the motor and encoder unit 8.5 has swept past a zero degree position within a selected time period, it proceeds to block 64, and actuates the eddy current circuitry 10.
After the eddy current circuitry 10 has been actuated, the computer 12 proceeds to question block 66, and inquires whether or not the drive unit 8.5 has moved the probe head 8 to the beginning of the first data increment. As the data increments are only about 6 mils apart when the probe head 8 is used to inspect a 5/8 inch diameter heat exchanger tube at 1-degree increments, the amount of time necessary for the computer 12 to answer the inquiry in question block 66 in the affirmative is normally only a small fraction of a second. As soon as the computer 12 detects that the beginning of the first data increment has arrived, it immediately begins storing the impedances associated with each coil 32, 34 and 36 as indicated in box 68. At substantially the same time, the computer 12 instructs the frequency multiplexer 11 to conduct current of initial frequencies F1, F2 and F3 through the coils 32, 34 and 36. In the case of an Inconel heat exchanger tube having a wall thickness of approximately 0.05 in.. F1, F2 and F3 will correspond to 50 kHz, 250 kHz, and 500 kHz, respectively when the outer diameter of the coil 32 is approximately 0.1875 inches and the outer diameter of the inner coil 36 is approximately 0.0625 inches. The applicants have observed that the conduction of currents of such frequencies into coils of such diameters result in magnetic fields that interact with tube walls of such thicknesses in much the fashion shown in FIG. 3B, wherein the field lines 45 emanated by the largest-diametered coil 32 penetrate completely through the wall 2 of the tube 3, and the field lines 46 and 47 of the mid-diametered and smallest-diametered coils 34 and 36 penetrate the interior and the inner surface of the wall 2 as illustrated.
Immediately at the commencement of the first data increment, the computer proceeds to question block 72, and inquires whether or not the eddy current circuitry wall 2) the computer 12 implements the step indicated in block 74, and immediately begins changing the frequencies of the currents conducted through the coils 32. 34 and 36 in order to optimize resolution. Every time a current of a new frequency is conducted through one of the coils, the computer proceeds to question block 76 and inquires whether or not the impedance experienced by any of the coils 32, 34 and 36 has decreased as a result of the changes in frequency of the current conducted therethrough. If the answer to this question is affirmative, then the computer 12 returns to the step indicated in block 74, and continues to change the frequency of the current on a millisecond to millisecond basis. Of course, the practical effect of the steps indicated in blocks 74 and 76 is for the computer 12 to search out and find the frequency of the currents in the coils 32, 34, and 36 which minimize the coil impedance, and thereby maximize the resolution of the flaw in the tube wall 2.
Once these optimum frequencies have been found, the answer to the inquiry in question block 76 will become negative, and the computer 12 will proceed to further optimize resolution by optimizing the phase angle of the alternating currents flowing through the coils 32, 34 and 36, and then optimizing the amplitudes of the resulting signals as is indicated in blocks 78 and 80.
Immediately after all of the optimization steps 74 through 80 have been completed, the computer will proceed to question block 84, and ask whether or not the next data increment N+l has arrived. If the answer is negative, then the computer 12 will re-execute the step indicated in block 70. and again conduct the initially chosen current frequencies through the various coils, which again will likely result in a near repeat of the steps indicated in block 72 through 80. However, when the answer to this inquiry is a firmative, the computer computes the cylindrical coordinates associated with the data increment step N+1 as is indicated in block 86. It will then immediately display the minimum impedance value associated with each of the coils 32, 34 and 36 within the increment as is indicated in block 88. Lowered impedance values will have the effect of generating hills in the graphic display on the CRT tube 13, such as illustrated in scans 2 through 5 in FIG. 1.
Next, as is indicated by question block 90, the computer 12 will inquire whether or not the data increment just completed completes the total number of data increments Nt. If the answer to this question is negative, the computer 12 recommences steps 70 through 90. When, however, the answer to this inquiry is affirmative, the computer 12 stops the operation of the probe system 1, as is indicated by block 92.
Of course, if the computer 12 detects no discontinuities in the tube wall 2 in a particular data increment, it answers the question in question block 72 in the negative, and continues to conduct currents through the coils 32, 34 and 36 at the initially chosen frequencies until the end of that data increment. Following this, the computer 12 displays the impedance values at the cylindrical coordinates associated with the no-flaw increment. As the impedance values remain unchanged throughout such a data increment, the resulting display is a straight segment. If no impedance changes are detected throughout a complete scan, the resulting display is a straight line for the entire scan (such as scan no. 1 in FIG. 1).
While the flowchart of the method of the invention has been described only in terms of changing the frequencies of the currents conducted through the coils 32, 34 and 36 in order to achieve the desired result of maximum resolution, the general program may be embellished with one or more subroutines which would enhance the resolution of the probe head 8 even more. For example, when the smallest-diametered coil 36 detects a flaw on the inner surface of the tube wall 2, the concentrically disposed middle and outer coils 34 and 36 could be operated at the same high frequency for a very small fraction of a second. If one or more of these larger diametered coils simultaneously interacted with this inner surface flaw, the resulting information could help determine the area of the flaw since the area of the coils in the probe head 8 is known. Still another subroutine that might be added to the general program is the operation of two of the three coils in a differential mode, in contrast to the operation of all three coils in an absolute mode.
While the aforementioned method of the invention has been described with respect to the use of three coils, it is also adaptable for use with a probe head 8 having more than three coils. If more than three coils are used, a larger span of initially chosen frequencies are preferably used, which would have the effect of increasing the overall resolution of the system 1 even more.
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|U.S. Classification||324/238, 324/220, 324/232, 324/262|
|Cooperative Classification||G01N27/904, G01N27/9046|
|European Classification||G01N27/90B, G01N27/90C|
|Mar 11, 1988||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, WESTINGHOUSE BU
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:CLARK, WILLIAM G. JR.;METALA, MICHAEL J.;REEL/FRAME:004880/0539
Effective date: 19880303
Owner name: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORPORATION O
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CLARK, WILLIAM G. JR.;METALA, MICHAEL J.;REEL/FRAME:004880/0539
Effective date: 19880303
|Oct 2, 1992||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 18, 1997||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Aug 10, 1997||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Oct 21, 1997||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19970813


New research identifies a correlation between clearance of forests inhabited by fruit bats and the emergence of the Ebola virus, providing hope for an early-warning system.
Scientists studying links between the Ebola virus and deforestation have made a major breakthrough potentially leading to the creation of an early warning system for outbreaks of the devastating disease.
Experts have found a correlation between forest loss and the timing of Ebola outbreaks which could help identify areas that are more at risk.
The new study published in Nature‘s online journal Scientific Reports examined forest loss over different periods in relation with Ebola outbreaks in the Congo basin. The team found a strong link between forest loss two years before an outbreak.
“Establishing a particular time period when these events of forest loss may be affecting the transmission of the virus is important, because it means we can actually set up early warning systems,” explains John Emmanuel Fa, a senior associate at the Centre for International Forestry Research who was among the team involved in the study.
Using satellite imaging, the scientists have been able to monitor forest cover throughout the region to pinpoint locations vulnerable to future outbreaks.
“We are piecing together what we know about potential reservoir species alongside the rate of forest loss in order to develop a system that will tell governments throughout the world – and certainly those within these particular African countries – which areas are at high risk,” says Fa.
“Obviously there is a lot more work to be done, but the hope is we can start to hone in on highlighting the areas most susceptible to outbreaks and mobilise resources so these locations are better protected.”
To read the original story, click here.


text:
Connecticut DPH generally does not recommend testing your blood for PFAS. There are several reasons why. A PFAS blood test can tell you what your levels are at the time the blood was drawn, but not whether levels in your body are “safe” or “unsafe” or whether your health has been or will be impacted by PFAS. Virtually everyone in the U.S. (and the world) has measurable amounts of PFAS in their body because PFAS chemicals are so widely used in commercial and industrial products. Many of the health issues that have been associated with exposure to PFAS (such as increased cholesterol and decreased thyroid hormone levels) commonly occur in the population even without high levels of PFAS in the blood. These health issues can be caused by many different factors, and there is no way to know or predict if PFAS exposure has or will cause a health problem. It can also be complicated to get a PFAS blood test. It is not a routine test, not many laboratories can analyze blood for PFAS, and it is likely that health insurance would not cover the cost. Finally, a PFAS blood test will not provide information to pinpoint a health problem, nor will it provide information about treatment.
However, if you are concerned about your exposures and wish to have your blood tested for PFAS, you should speak with your physician.

domain: chemistry


text:
Update: Taliban Defends Arrests of Humanitarian Workers
Ignoring international outcry, Taliban rulers defended the arrest of 24 Shelter Now International (SNI) humanitarian workers yesterday. While it has been committing massive human rights abuses against women, minorities, and the Afghan population at large since it came into power in 1996, the Taliban has recently put increasing pressure on international aid workers. The arrests follow the detention of some 56 children accused of involvement with SNI, the ouster of the United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan from its Kabul offices in June, the imposition of Islamic law on non-Muslim foreigners, and a decree forbidding foreign women from driving cars in Afghanistan. The Afghanistan Support Group, the main organization that coordinates all of the Afghan aid, including aid distributed through U.N. channels, has warned that the Taliban is risking almost all of the aid to Afghanistan with its increasingly restrictive policies.
1/23/2015 #HeForShe Campaign Launches Pilot Effort Aimed at Institutional Equality - The United Nations' gender equality campaign #HeForShe has launched a new program called IMPACT 10X10X10.
United Nations Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson, together with UN Women Executive DirectorPhumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, introduced the one-year pilot effort aimed at encouraging corporations, universities, and governments to play an active role in enhancing women's empowerment and equality in Davos, Switzerland today at the World Economic Forum.
"Women need to be equal participants in our homes, societies, in our governments, and in our workplaces," Watson said.
First introduced in September, HeForShe is a solidarity movement that calls on men and boys to confront gender inequalities that face women and girls globally. . . .
1/22/2015 BREAKING: House to Vote on Abortion Coverage Ban - After they were forced to scrap plans for a 20-week abortion ban, House Republican leaders decided late last night to instead ram through a vote today on a different extreme anti-abortion bill.
House Republicans are now pushing HR 7, a bill promoted as a ban on federal funding of abortion that would actually prevent women from using their own money to purchase health insurance that includes abortion care. . . .

domain: sociology


text:
A New Canaan dog’s owner had his 9-year-old Wheaten terrier euthanized after the animal got loose one afternoon earlier this month, attacking and injuring another dog in the neighborhood, police said.
The offending dog, Rosie, got off of her Fairty Drive property around 2 p.m. on Saturday, Oct. 7, according to a New Canaan Police Department incident report obtained by NewCanaanite.com through a Freedom of Information request.
Responding to a report of a roaming dog, Animal Control Officer Jillian Bosch arrived at a nearby home on Brooks Road and there encountered two local women, one of whom was holding Rosie, according to the incident report.
The woman said she had been watching two dogs playing in a yard there while a teenage boy played hockey, according to Bosch’s report. She “observed the unknown dog begin to attack” the teen’s dog, then “ran to help and tried to separate the dogs” while the other woman phoned 9-1-1, the report said.
They managed to separate the dogs and Bosch placed the biting animal in the NCPD Animal Control van, it said. The teen’s dog had been injured and the boy later told Bosch that he’d been scratched while trying to separate the animals during the attack, the report said.
Bosch said she saw blood but was unsure at first which dog it came from.
“I then examined the [victim] dog, now known to me as ‘Winny,’ I found one puncture wound to the right front shoulder area,” Bosch wrote in the report. “When I palpitated her shoulder ‘Winny’ turned to me as though she was in pain, at which time I stopped the examination.”
Bosch then found contact information for Rosie’s owner, John Lane, and reached him by phone, according to the report.
Under state law, a dog that bites or scratches another dog or human must undergo a 14-day quarantine at a facility such as an animal hospital if the incident happens away from the dog’s home. Bosch said Lane indicated he understood and supplied her with the name of his veterinarian at Norwalk Veterinary Hospital, the report said.
“Upon contact with Norwalk Veterinary Hospital it was determined that ‘Rosie’ had an expired rabies vaccine as of Aug. 17, 2017,” the report said. “I then made arrangements for ‘Rosie’ to go to the Boarding House, a facility affiliated with Norwalk Veterinary Hospital for her quarantine.”
Bosch continued: “I contacted Lane and advised him that Rosie’s rabies vaccine had expired and that I would be transporting Rosie to the Boarding House for the quarantine period. Lane was adamant that Rose was up to date and indicated he would locate the paperwork when he returned.”
The Animal Control officer transported Rosie to the Boarding House for the quarantine and, since Lane was unable to find proof of rabies vaccination, gave instructions that the dog must be vaccinated prior to leaving the facility Oct. 21 (which would have been end of the two-week quarantine), Bosch said in the incident report.
While Rosie was in quarantine, on Monday, Oct. 16, a neighbor of the Lanes on Fairty Drive— Kristen Grzymski—emailed Bosch, copying the police chief, saying she had concerns about the dog and “the safety of the neighborhood,” the report said.
Grzymski came in to the Police Department that morning and learned that Rosie was on track to be released back to her home on Oct. 21, the report said.
“I further related that Lane was advised regarding the severity of the situation and prevention methods,” the report said.
Yet six hours later, at 3:20 p.m., a staff member at the veterinary hospital phoned Bosch to say that the Lane family decided to have Rosie euthanized at the end of her quarantine, the report said.
The following afternoon, Oct. 17, the same staff member phoned again to say the Lanes decided to have Rosie euthanized immediately, the report said.
The dog was put down some time before 2:30 p.m., when Bosch said she received a confirmation call from the vet hospital, which agreed to have Rosie’s body sent to a state lab for rabies testing, according to the incident report.
Bosch then notified the teen’s family and Grzymski “advising that the Lane dog would not be returning to Fairty Drive,” the report said.
The rabies test came back negative.

domain: pet


text:
Posted 2001-02-11, evaluated by djpretzel
This is one of my favorite Chrono Remixes by far . . . if there's anyone out there trying to keep track of which submissions are by trackers, which are by soundfont guys, and which are by gearheads like myself, add some points to the tracker category right now. Another CT Zeal mix - popular track, eh? mazedude has done a fantastic job with a variety of sounds that come together and sound VERY professional. From the bongos to the ambient weather sounds to a fabulous lead synth sound, which is kind of like a sitar only synthish, everything is first rate. The processing used is impeccably perfect and unique - instead of the all too common hall reverb (I'm a major culprit as well), mazdedude has used a room / plate type reverb, which makes all the various instruments sound very intimate as opposed to vast, which contrasts with the aforementioned rain / thunder. And then there's the perfect raising harp arpeggios and intermittent oboe. YOU MUST DOWNLOAD THIS . . . got that?
on 2015-12-10 10:27:45
I feel that this track is definitely greatly carried by how well-made it is. Really fond of the percussion usage and the water effects in the background. Everything just sounds so clear and pretty, I actually didn't know this track came out in like...2002(!!)* because its fidelity sounds on the level of something I'd hear today.
What is the lead melody "played" by? It's peculiar in a good way...I swear it sounds like singing when it hits the higher notes, which makes it both pretty and kind of eerie too.
*(for reference, I was 11 when this track came out)
on 2009-12-11 23:54:24
This is pretty conservative, considering Masedude does awesometastic things with music that makes my ear bleed out massive amounts of joy. But hey, a mix is a mix, and I like this mix.
The instruments are really well done, and the thunder/rain effects are nice. All up, this is a pleasant track, nothing hugely mindblowing, but a pleasant track nonetheless.
on 2009-07-07 08:34:18
This is a great song. The samples are perfect and the atmosphere is again perfect. Anyway Great Job!
on 2009-05-20 04:08:37
Wh... what? Conservative Mazedude? This is the sort of music Bizarro Mazedude would consistently produce.
Actually, as safe and riskless as it is, Mazedude's knack for choosing the perfect blend of sounds and instruments is still here. And truth be told, I'd much rather listen to this over some of the other drab renditions of this theme; I even prefer this over the original.
However, this mix doesn't hold up all that well, even after disregarding Mazedude's asskicking experimental future. The small amount of arrangement sounds nice for what it is, but is it enough? I think not, and it seems to be the general consensus.
An interesting first OCR mix, but perhaps interesting for the wrong reasons. Humble beginnings, indeed.
on 2008-12-05 12:54:46
some nice harp glissando's and effects, but it's so close to the source I'm not really sure how this survived lockdowns 1 and 2. It has a little bit of arrangement in the form of a second counterpoint in the second half, but compared to most of Mazedude's other works, this is pretty uninspired.
It's still a great listen, with clean production and some high quality sounds, but it seems really halfassed; it even has a fadeout.
I love Mazedude's work, but this one is just a bit too vanilla. I can understand it being one of the earlier mixes in the site. Check it out, just don't expect to be blown away.
on 2006-11-23 11:35:04
one of my first mixes......i love it!
on 2006-09-13 16:57:54
Although I agree that this piece is missing a little something to really make it stand out from the original, I like how you kept most of the original song intact. It's good to not see another "remix" of a song that you can hardly recognize what the original song was.
on 2006-03-29 07:54:50
I've got a lot of Mazedude's stuff on my playlists lately, and though I have to say this isn't his best, its still worth a mention! I love the beat - the drums and bass make it sound like a latin piece, and the twinkly (I'll call it twinkly cause I'm not sure exactly what it is xD) synth just adds something a bit lighter to even it up. The one qualm I have with this piece is the fact that it simply fades out - it would have been nice to hear a nice dramatic drum solo or a clash or something at the end. Otherwise, very pretty n__n
on 2005-12-24 07:35:32
I joined this Site JUST to say how MUCH I LOVE all these Remixes, I will comment on ALL my favourite mixes!
Been listening to this mix almost Every Day for months. I swore to myself I will register to this godblessed website and give my feedback! I love you all! Merry Christmas!!!
awesome mix, good work mazedude! luv ya!
on 2005-09-25 15:10:14
Come on dude, you can better than this! He put some nice feeling in the track with cool rainstorm effects and all but STILL it doesn´t really have something that makes this mix something different than the original. It was a nice song, it was, but I´m not downloading it.
on 2004-08-17 18:29:10
... Personaly, I think the best Zeal remix is Alexander Prievert's trance mix.
Where can I find Prievert's version? I can't find it here on OCR...
on 2004-05-04 23:56:04
I think that there are too many remixes of the zeal theme. this doesn't detract aything from mazedude's work. 8/10. Personaly, I think the best Zeal remix is Alexander Prievert's trance mix.
on 2004-03-22 11:38:24
This mix reminds me 2 tunes by "Art of Noise":
"Moments in Love" (bass and percs)
and "Robinson Crusoe" (island style)
on 2004-03-10 12:01:10
I'm gonna have to agree with zircon here...this mix doesn't really offer a lot besides a little cool sitar work near the end. This is forgivable though, since it's one of the earlier mixes on the site. I've come to expect much more unique and interesting things from Mazedude. He's learned to take a lot more risks than he did with this mix.
on 2004-02-04 19:21:06
After a month passed since I unhooked my SNES, I've wanted to play Chrono Trigger again. And this ReMix is so good, it's not helping me fight the urge. Really captures the essence of being in an ancient kingdom on a floating island. 9.5/10.
Sources Arranged (1 Song)
- Primary Game:
Chrono Trigger (Square
Music by Nobuo Uematsu,Noriko Matsueda,Yasunori Mitsuda
- "Corridor of Time"
- Easy Listening
- Choir,Hand Drums,Harp,Sitar,Sound FX
- Regional > Middle Eastern
Time > 4/4 Time Signature
Time > Tempo: Moderate
- 4,563,635 bytes
- Size: 4,563,635 bytes
- MD5 Checksum: 15e699b0edadb8487b4d8880305a8a5c
Right-click one of the mirror links above and select "Save Link As" or "Save Target As"!!
Help us save bandwidth - using our torrents saves us bandwidth and lets you download multiple mixes as a single download. Use the tracker below and scroll for more information, or visit https://bt.ocremix.org directly, and please don't forget to help us seed!!
Page generated Tue, 03 Oct 2023 15:24:50 +0000 in 0.0581 seconds
All compositions, arrangements, images, and trademarks are copyright their
respective owners. Original content is copyright OverClocked ReMix, LLC. For information on RSS and
and the FAQ available there for information about the
site's history, features, and policies. Contact David W.
Lloyd (djpretzel), webmaster, with feedback or questions not answered there.

domain: hobby


text: Preheat your oven to 170°C (150°C fan). Place the oats, seeds and flaked almonds into a bowl and mix through with your hands. Using a sharp knife, cut the vanilla pod in half lengthways and scrape the pulp out into a small bowl. Add the vegetable oil and the maple syrup and whisk together until combined. Pour over the dry ingredients then stir and fold until everything is fully coated in the oily syrup. Spread the mix in an even layer on a large baking tray and bake for 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and mix through the granola with a fork, breaking up any clumps. Bake for a further 20 minutes, then as soon as you take it out of the oven, mix with a fork again. Add the cranberries, flaked coconut and freeze-dried berries while the granola is still warm and stir through with your fork. Leave to cool and put in an airtight jar to store.

domain: food


text:
The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States disrupted the food industry in 2020, according to fresh data from USDA’s Economic Research Service.
Inflation-adjusted total U.S. food expenditures were 6.6 percent lower in 2020 than in 2019. However, individual states experienced varying degrees of food spending decline. The ERS developed State-level Food Expenditure Series helps to illustrate annual food spending changes across States since 1997, including Washington, DC. From 2019 to 2020, each state saw decreases in inflation-adjusted, per capita total food spending.
The smallest decreases in food spending were in Iowa, South Carolina, and North Carolina. The states that saw the largest decreases in inflation-adjusted, per-capita food spending were Hawaii, Washington, DC, Florida, and Nevada. These states typically have large out-of-state population inflows from nonresident workers and tourists. The spending changes occurred as health concerns and mobility restrictions during the first year of the pandemic led consumers to spend less at restaurants and other eating-out establishments.


text:
There’s a difference between sex and sensuality, just as there is between having sex and making love.
They all offer us something, and we can move between them. The deepest fulfilment comes from being able to see what we want clearly. When we’re not sure what we need or want, we’re often unfulfilled and frustrated because we’re not getting what we want.
Let’s begin with defining sex.
You’ve all had it at least once, even if it was just to see what all the fuss was about.
I’ve come to define sex as a goal-oriented genital activity, the goal generally being orgasm. Now orgasm has its own limitations that we can talk more about, but that’s how most of us see sex.
Sensuality is different. It involves all of our senses, taste, touch, sight, sound and smell. And the most important aspect that sensuality has, which sex often doesn’t, is intimacy. The heart stuff.
Sex is often not intimate, especially if the lights are off, our eyes are closed and if we’re in some fantasy about someone or whatever we were watching on the web today. There’s no real intimacy or connection in that space.
Sensuality is always intimate. It’s personal. It touches something inside of us.
Making love is often where the two meet. Making Love defines itself. Making. Love.
At the end of the experience, there is going to be more love present, more love between us. We tend to use making love as a euphemism for sex when in fact they’re pretty far apart.
Fulfilment, peace, feeling satisfied comes from being able to know what we want, how to communicate that, and then find a way to make it happen. If we want just to be held and caressed, sex is not going to be what we want. In fact, it will often create anger, resentment and frustration.
The same goes for when we want sex, we want orgasm and all that we can have with it.
And experiences can start somewhere and become something else.
But there are times when what we want is very clear. The more we can communicate that, the more we can create experiences that will fulfil all aspects of ourselves, the happier we will be.
This becomes a freeing space; we come to know ourselves, to connect with ourselves, with different parts of who we are, and in a relationship, we offer the same space to our partners.
It also opens beautiful doors of communication, learning and exploring.
We can have it all; we simply need to be conscious of where we are, and what’s going to be fulfilling for today.
Jonti Searll is the creator of Eros Life and has worked for over 25 years as a healer, therapist and a teacher. In the last 14 years he has specialised in the field of Conscious Sexuality, expanding sexual experience and consciousness. He creates a safe space for anyone choosing to walk through the door. http://www.eroslife.co.za/

domain: psychology


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Metroparks Toledo have so many secrets to discover. There are hidden bridges and shelters; charming plants and animals; and outdoor adventures including kayaking, archery, climbing, and biking to name a few. In recent years, new playgrounds at Farnsworth, Oak Openings, Pearson, Secor, Swan Creek, and Wildwood are encouraging kids to engage in imaginative outdoor play. All of our area metroparks integrate history, education and adventure.
Bend View’s remote shelter house might be over 2 miles from the nearest parking lot, but it’s well worth the hike. The view of the river’s bend is absolutely beautiful and the path has little traffic to disturb you.
Rent the rustic Caretakers Cottage for a special overnight experience. While at Oak Openings, search for Ohio’s native cactus, the Eastern Prickly Pear. Also, be on the lookout for the Treehouse Village in the future!
Located near the old ghost town, Providence offers fascinating insights into local history with the Isaac Ludwig Mill and the authentic canal boat tours. Anglers will also be delighted in the quality and quantity of fish that can be caught at the Providence Dam.
In 2006, the Toledo Botanical Garden became a public/private partnership between the Metroparks of the Toledo Area and the Toledo Botanical Garden Board, Inc. in collaboration with the City of Toledo. The garden is extremely unique to Toledo because of the artists’ village, the exceptional variety of plants, numerous sculptures, and more.
Let the Library help you and your family explore the wonderful world of nature with the help of a few good books …
Nature Picture Books for Children
Non-Fiction Nature Books and eBooks for Kids
Nature and Outdoor Activity Books and eBooks for Kids
Capture the wonderful world of nature on film with the help of these great Library resources …
Photography Books and eBooks
All photos courtesy of Metroparks Toledo unless otherwise noted.
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Keep your reading list updated with our book lists. Our staff love to read and they’ll give you the scoop on new tv-series inspired titles, hobbies, educational resources, pop culture, current events, and more!

domain: library


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Why Have Churches Turned Divorce into the "D-Word?"
If I asked you to name the “hot button” social issues of concern to Christians, you’d probably cite abortion and gay marriage right away. Of course, the coarse and hyper-sexualized nature of popular culture might also come to mind.
But what probably wouldn’t come to mind is the high incidence of divorce. Given the clear biblical teaching on the subject and its impact on families and children, that is, to put it mildly, more than a little odd.
Actually, as one Christian leader rightly puts it, our lack of attention to the subject is a “scandal.”
That leader is Albert Mohler, president of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville. I recently came across a three-year-old podcast—better late than never, especially in this case—in which he labeled our indifference to divorce “the scandal of the Evangelical conscience.”
The podcast began with an interview of Mark A. Smith, a political scientist at the University of Washington. Smith had recently written a paper entitled “Religion, Divorce, and the Missing Culture War in America.”
As Smith studied the culture wars across the U.S., he was struck by the issue that was conspicuous by its absence: namely divorce.
For instance, during its existence, the Moral Majority “mobilized and lobbied on many political issues, including abortion, pornography, gay rights, school prayer . . . and sex education in schools.” In contrast, divorce ranked “so low on the group’s agenda that books on the Moral Majority do not even give the issue an entry in the index.”
This makes no sense. As Smith noted, “from the standpoint of simple logic, divorce fits cleanly within the category of ‘family values.’” In fact, “divorce seems to carry a more direct connection to the daily realities of families than do the bellwether culture war issues of abortion and homosexuality.”
So Mohler asked Smith, why the silence on divorce?
Smith’s answer is that “the inclusion of divorce on the agenda of the Christian right would have risked a massive alienation of members,” so the issue went virtually unmentioned.
Or, as Mohler put it, “evangelicals allowed culture to trump Scripture.” According to him, “the church largely followed the lead of its members and accepted what might be called the ‘privatization’ of divorce. Churches simply allowed a secular culture to determine that divorce is no big deal, and that it is a purely private matter.”
This happened despite the clear scriptural teaching that marriage is the union of one man and one woman for life.
As divorce has been privatized—fenced off from Scripture, Christian teaching, and from the community—so has marriage. If marriage is merely a means to happiness or sexual fulfillment (instead of a sacrament, a life-long commitment of sacrificial love open to the creation of life), no wonder same-sex couples argue that they deserve the same happiness and fulfillment available to heterosexuals.
In addition, what Mohler calls the “real scandal”—the fact that “evangelical Protestants divorce at rates at least as high as the rest of the public”—creates a “significant credibility crisis when evangelicals then rise to speak in defense of marriage.”
No, divorce is not an unpardonable sin but, as Mohler insists, it is a sin, and our acceptance of this particular sin while inveighing against other violations of God’s plan for marriage is hypocritical.
My point here is not to pour salt on the wounds of divorced Christians—they deserve and need our compassion; but it’s to get the Church to acknowledge the beam in its own eye and, thus, end a silence that is not only conspicuous but scandalous.
(This broadcast originally aired August 6, 2013).
BreakPoint is a Christian worldview ministry that seeks to build and resource a movement of Christians committed to living and defending Christian worldview in all areas of life. Begun by Chuck Colson in 1991 as a daily radio broadcast, BreakPoint provides a Christian perspective on today’s news and trends via radio, interactive media, and print. Today BreakPoint commentaries, co-hosted by Eric Metaxas and John Stonestreet, air daily on more than 1,200 outlets with an estimated weekly listening audience of eight million people. Feel free to contact us at BreakPoint.org where you can read and search answers to common questions.
Eric Metaxas is a co-host of BreakPoint Radio and a best-selling author whose biographies, children's books, and popular apologetics have been translated into more than a dozen languages.
Publication date: July 30, 2014


No weapons intended for war have been exported to Syria in 2013, Defense Minister İsmet Yılmaz has said, while acknowledging that weapons “without military uses” for use in sports activities have been exported to the war-torn country.
Yılmaz declined to elaborate on who exactly received the exported weaponry.
Permission for exportation of all weapons from Turkey are issued by the Defense Ministry, Yılmaz said on the morning of Dec. 17, while delivering a speech at Parliament’s General Assembly during ongoing budget debates for the fiscal year 2014.
According to a report recently published by the state-run Anadolu Agency, however, Yılmaz initially denied that his ministry had given permission for the exportation of any weapons to Syria.
Date created : 2013-12-17


Verein Summerblues Basel
The "Glaibasler Bluesfescht" transforms Kleinbasel into a unique open-air blues club for one summer evening. The festival area stretches with three main stages from Claraplatz to the Waisenhaus, with additional venues of "Blues uff der Gass" in Rheingasse and Färbergässlein. The event is open to the public free of charge.
At all performance venues and in the streets between the stages, refreshment stands and bars cater for the physical well-being of the visitors. Since 2015, the final of the "Swiss Blues Challenge", Switzerland's most important blues competition, has been held at the Färbergässlein.
- Date & Time
Fri. 01. July 2022
18:00 - 23:00 Uhr
- More information
Between Claraplatz and Wettsteinplatz


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A large-scale Japanese irrigation project in eastern Nangarhar province has successfully transformed 16,500 hectares of land from barren desert into lush forests and fertile farmland over the past decade, according to reports from Afghan and Japanese officials.
The Japanese Ambassador to Afghanistan, the Afghan Minister of Agriculture, the Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development and a number of international development experts visited Nangarhar province on Monday to inspect the progress made by the Green Earth program, which is concentrated in the Ghambiri desert of Shewa district.
Dr. Nakamura, the Director of Japan's Green Earth program, says that over the past 11 years Japan has helped dig 27 kilometers of canals, which are now yielding major positive changes in the ecology of the Ghambiri desert. In turn, the undertaking is expected to help spur development in the province's agricultural sector.
Asadullah Zamir, the Afghan Minister of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, at a press conference on Monday at the Japanese Embassy in Kabul, indicated that the Green Earth program was already showing signs of success.
"In about ten hectares out of two hundred hectares of land in the Ghambiri desert, citrus plants have been cultivated; in eight hectares of land, olives have been cultivated; in 4.4 hectares of land, pomegranates have been cultivated; and in about two hectares of land, different kinds of fruits, like apricots, peaches and other fruits have been cultivated," Minister Zamir said. "A big area of this desert has changed to an artificial forest, which is very good for the climate."
In total, the Green Earth program is intended to transform 16,500 hectares of arid land into fertile, agricultural land. In addition to providing the environment for agriculture and livestock where there previously was none, the project has allowed for the resettlement of about 600,000 new residents.
According to the agriculture and rural rehabilitation ministers, Green Earth has provided crucial employment opportunities for vulnerable populations in a part of the country that is known for Taliban activity. Officials say the program has made it more difficult for insurgents to recruit from local communities.
The remarkable success of the Green Earth program has prompted the Afghan government to seek out further assistance in expanding similar programs to other provinces. "We ask Japan to cooperate with us and implement such projects in six other provinces of Afghanistan, so we can see the effects of those programs in the coming five years, too," Rural Rehabilitation and Development Minister Nasir Durrani said.
Mr. Hiroshi Takahashi, the Japanese Ambassador to Afghanistan, has said that his country plans to remain a major donor to Afghanistan and will also try to continue irrigation programs. According to the ambassador, Japan has spent more than 5.5 billion USD over the past decade in Afghanistan.
"Of course we accept the request for six similar projects and I will pass this question back to my country, and if it happens, there will be no more problems in Afghanistan," Ambassador Takahashi said.
The Green Earth program was launched in 2003 in Nangarhar province. Since 2007, it has been financially supported by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

domain: agronomy


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Magical lady butterfly on a swing chipboard for creative projects with fairytale theme.
Perfect for cardmaking, scrapbooking, albums and other creative chipboard crafts.
To decorate it you can use inks, paints, sprays, glitters, embossing powders and colourful papers.
Size of the biggest element ~ 5x8,5 cm
Made of white cardboard with a thickness of 1,2 mm.
All elements are embedded into the sheet, so to remove them, you need to cut them out with a sharp knife in designated places.


RS-232 UPS and Extension Cables
For operating systems with basic shutdown capabilities, Cable Interface Kits are available for use with all APC UPSs with dedicated RS-232 serial ports. An extension cable lets your UPS send signals over longer distances.
APC Isolate Serial Extension Cable. Peso: 910 g. Connessioni output: DB9(Simple Signaling) DB9(Simple Signaling), Tipo connessione ingresso: DB9(Simple Signaling), Dimensioni (LxPxA): 61 x 97 x 25 mm


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A group of pre-schoolers recently got to meet the honeybees who make their home on the rooftop of Overlook Medical Center in Summit, NJ. Part of a community nutrition/learning program, the tour also included a walk through the kitchen and a visit to the hospital’s garden, where the kids picked herbs and produce and then participated in a cooking demo.
“They had a blast,” says Michael Atanasio, manager, food and nutrition. “We had the frames removed from the hives so the honey was exposed, and the kids got to try spoonfuls of honey direct from the hive.”
The kids even got a basic understanding of how bees interact with the environment.
“This is just a small way to reach kids at a young age, about nutrition and also about being good stewards of the environment,” Atanasio says. “It’s part of our mission statement, and one of our contributions to sustainability.”
The group also had fun in the garden, picking ingredients for Pasta Pomodoro, with Executive Chef Todd Daigneault. They even got to learn some basic knife skills, using child-safe knives and close supervision.
Watch the kids’ tour of Overlook here.
Learn more about another New Jersey hospital with its own bee hives here.

domain: news


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This statement was originally published on bianet.org on 9 October 2017.
Prosecutor Can Tuncay from the İstanbul Chief Prosecutor's Office, Terror Crimes Department, has completed the 17-page indictment in the case of the rights advocates from various rights organizations who were detained during a training workshop on July 5, 2017 in Büyükada and were later arrested.
According to the indictment submitted to the İstanbul Heavy Criminal Court, rights advocate Taner Kılıç, an executive from Amnesty International's Turkey Bureau, faces 7.5 to 15 years in prison on the charge of "being a member of the armed Fethullahist Terrorist Organization (FETÖ)", and other rights advocates are facing 5 to 10 years in prison on charges of "aiding an armed terrorist organization".
In the bill of indictment, it has been stated that Taner Kılıç had organized the meeting in Büyükada, yet could not attend the meeting as he had been detained in İzmir for using "ByLock", an encrypted communication software, used among members of the Gülen Community.
The indictment also says, "It has been determined, that a march called 'Justice' [which according to the indictment is also linked to the rights advocates] was aimed at [inciting] violent events that could result chaos in the society like the Gezi Park incidents".
The rights advocates who are facing a prison sentence according to the indictment are:
Taner Kılıç, Amnesty International Turkey Representative
Idil Eser, Amnesty International Turkey - Turkey Director
İlknur Üstün, Women's Coalition;
Günal Kurşun, lawyer, Human Rights Agenda Association;
Nalan Erkem, Lawyer, Citizens' Assembly;
Nejat Taştan, Equal Rights Watch Association;
Özlem Dalkıran, Citizens' Assembly (formerly called Helsinki Citizens Association)
Şeyhmuz Özbekli, lawyer, former activist of Mazlum Der
Veli Acu, Amnesty International Executive Board Member
Ali Gharavi - an IT consultant, citizen of Sweden
Peter Steudtner – a non-violence and well-being trainer, citizen of Germany
On July 5, 10 rights advocates from various rights organizations were taken into custody during a training workshop on the "Protection and digital security of human rights advocates" in Büyükada, one of the Prince Islands in İstanbul. Nothing was heard from the detained rights defenders for 30 hours.
It was later revealed that the detention warrant had only been issued five hours after the advocates had already been taken into custody.
On July 11, an order for an additional seven days of detention was issued against the rights advocates.
On July 17, the rights advocates were referred to court for arrest on charges of "committing crimes on behalf of an illegal organization as non-members", and "being a member of an illegal organization".
On July 18, Eser, Dalkıran, Kurşun, Acu, Gharavi and Steudtner were arrested. Erkem, Üstün, Taştan and Özbekli were released on probation and an international travel ban was imposed on them.
On July 21, the prosecutor objected to the release of the four rights advocates and a detention warrant was issued for them. Detained from their homes, Üstün and Erkem were arrested on July 23.
On July 25, Taştan and Özbekli were released on probation with a travel ban.
Özlem Dalkıran, Peter Steudtner, Ali Gharavi, Veli Acu, Günal Kurşun, İdil Eser and Nalan Erkem are still being kept in Silivri No. 9 F-type Prison and İlknur Üstün is behind bars in the Sincan Closed Prison for Women.
The Turkish Penal Code
Forming organized groups with the intention of committing a crime
ARTICLE 220 (1) Those who form or manage organized groups to execute acts which are defined as an offense by the laws, are punished with imprisonment from two years to six years unless this organized group is observed to be qualified to commit an offense in view of its structure, quantity of members, tools and equipment held for this purpose. However, at least three members are required for the existence of an organized group.
(2) Those who become a member of an organized group with the intention of committing a crime, are punished with imprisonment from one year to three years.
(3) In case the organized criminal group is equipped with arms, the punishment to be imposed according to the above subsections is increased from one fourth to one half.
(4) In case of the commission of a crime within the frame of activities of an organized group, the offender is additionally punished for this crime.
(5) The directors of the organized criminal group are additionally punished for all the offenses committed within the frame of activities of the organized group.
(6) Any person who commits an offense on behalf of an organized criminal group without being a member of that group is additionally punished for being a member of the organized group.
(7) Any person who knowingly and willingly helps an organized criminal group, although this does not take place within the hierarchic structure of the group, is punished as if he is a member of the organized group.
(8) Any person who makes propaganda by praising the organized criminal group and its objective is punished with imprisonment from one year to three years. The punishment to be imposed is increased by one half in case of commission of this offense through the press and broadcast organs.
ARTICLE 314 (1) Any person who establishes or commands an armed organisation with the purpose of committing the offences listed in parts four and five of this chapter, shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of ten to fifteen years.
(2) Any person who becomes a member of the organisation defined in paragraph one shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of five to ten years.
(3) Other provisions relating to the forming of an organisation in order to commit offences shall also be applicable to this offence.