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There are two main significances of wastewater treatment, one is defending the environment and the other one is sustaining fresh water resources. With the ever increasing standard of drinking water supply and the stringent environmental regulations regarding the wastewater discharge, electrochemical technologies have retrieved their importance worldwide during the past two decades. Electrocoagulation-electro flotation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treatment and flocculating contaminants devoid of having to add coagulations. Electrocoagulation has olden times as a water treatment technology having been working to remove a varied of pollutants. The textile industry wastewater varies extensively in terms of composition due to the regular impurity in fibers and the chemicals used in different processes. Various types of dyes are produced worldwide and are used in various industries; the author indicated in Table 1 some examples in recent applications of Electrocoagulation in treatment of water and wastewater, such as textile, cosmetic,
Table 1. Examples in recent Applications of Electrocoagulation in Treatment of Water and Wastewater.
paper, leather, pharmaceutical and food industry   and  . Lately, electrocoagulation (EC) has been playing noticeable role in the drinking water treatment because it affords some substantial advantages such as quite compact, easy operation, automation, no chemical additives, and reduced amount of slug. Wastewater was considered for COD, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, conductivity, chlorides, turbidity and color  , and also in medical waste water   . The effect of operating parameters such as current density, electrolysis time, and initial COD concentration was studied. Besides, energy and electrode consumption were examined. Electrocoagulation involves electrodes that are arranged in pairs―anodes and cathodes, whereby anodes (aluminum or iron electrodes) corrode to release active coagulants into solution. These hydroxides/polyhydroxides/polyhydroxy-metallic compounds have a strong affinity treatment of wastewater. Electrocoagulation technology is an alternative method to classic chemical coagulation that involves the use of alum (aluminum sulfate), ferric chloride (FeCl3), or ferrous chloride. EC is talented of reducing chemicals by reason of the fact that the electrodes afford the coagulant in situ. However, sulfate (Fe2SO4) can be very costly depending on the volume of water treated. The coagulant performed a similar function as the electrodes, neutralizing the charge of the particulates, thus allowed them to collect and settle at the bottom of the tank. In addition, electrocoagulation-flotation is talented of reducing waste production, time and electrical energy consumption for wastewater    while  and  enhanced electrocoagulation device for treating various types of industrial wastewater and observed how electrocoagulation-flotation(ECF) reactor can be effective, according to wastewater type, pH, current density and type of metal electrodes (aluminum, steel). Among all the various technologies available, electrolysis is one of the best. The EC offers a substitute to use metal salt or polymer or polyelectrolyte addition so as to destabilize emulsion and suspension. The EC technology has been employed to remove metal, colloidal solid, particle, and soluble inorganic pollutant from the water/wastewater by applying highly charged polymeric metal hydroxide species. These species neutralize the electrostatic charge on suspended solids to facilitate accumulation or coagulation and the resultant separation from aqueous medium.
2. Electrocoagulation Process
The (EC) technology includes coagulation and precipitation of contaminants by a direct current electrolytic process followed by the separation of flocculent (settling or flotation) with or without the addition of coagulation-inducing chemicals. The water is pumped through a unit which consists of pairs of metal sheets called electrodes that are arranged. A direct current electric field is applied to the electrodes to induce the electrochemical reactions needed to achieve the coagulation. Coagulation technology induces Coagulation and precipitation of contaminants. In an EC process the coagulated ions a produced in “in situ” and it involves three successive stages.
1) Information of coagulants by electrolytic oxidation of the sacrificial electrodes.
2) Destabilization of the contaminants, particulates suspension and breaking of emulsions.
3) Aggregation of the destabilized phase to form flocculent.
Electrodes which produce coagulants into water are made from either iron or aluminium. Iron and aluminium cations dissolve from the anodes according to Equation (1) and Equation (2).
Fe(s) → Fen+(aq) + ne− (1)
Al(s) → Al3+(aq) + 3e− (2)
And at cathode according to Equation (3)
2H2O + 2e → H2 + 2OH− (3)
In solution the positively charged ions are attracted with the negatively charged hydroxides to produce ionic hydroxides that have a strong attraction towards dispersed particles as well as counter ions to cause coagulation  .
3. Overview of Different Types of Water and Wastewater Recently Treated by Electrocoagulation-Electro Flotation (ECF) Technology
The EC process is the electrochemical generation of metal ions (such as Al and Fe) that act as destabilizing agents and leads to neutralization of electric charge for removing pollutants. This process has been proven to be very effective in removing contaminants from waters and is characterized by reduced sludge production, no requirement of chemicals, and ease of operation and electrical energy consumption.  demonstrated removal efficiency 91% of fluoride ions from water by Electrocoagulation process and maximum hardness removal 60% - 70%, while  studied effluents from different industrial sectors. Using iron anode, Fe (99.17%), Mn (99.97%),
(99.35%) and other metals such as Cu, Zn and Cd were removed in more than 99%, while the removal of Pb was very varied. The effluent from the treatment ponds of the waste disposal plant was processed using iron anodes, reaching a removal of 45.14% COD, with an energy consumption of 3.30 kwh/m3 at a cost of 0.29$/m3.  studied the textile wastewater contain Reactive Black 5 (RB5) as an Azo dye that causes serious damage to the environment and aquatic life in receiving water resources. The findings of this study demonstrated that the highest simultaneous removal performance (96%). With the increasing of reaction time, the energy consumption, electrodes wear, pH, final temperature of effluent, and removal efficiency would increase. Adsorption process could play a small role in the removal of the dye, while it was very effective in improving the performance of the electrocoagulation process.  observed few conventional and biological methods are inadequate and insufficient for the treatment of wastewater from dye industries. Advance treatment processes such as electrocoagulation and Fenton oxidation process or combination of these processes can be a better option for treatment of such wastewater. This paper reviews the application of electrocoagulation and Fenton oxidation processes for the treatment of dye wastewater. Both electrode materials exposed similar pollutant removal performances while Al electrode was found cost effective one.  renewed electrocoagulation (EC) water-treatment processes. The outcome indicates that a maximum TSS removal efficiency of 76.6% and reduced rates of 99%, 59.2%, and 82.1%, for Cu, Cr, and Zn, respectively. Moreover, kinetic study has also demonstrated that pollutants removal follows first-and second-order model with current density and EC time being dependent.  focused on, the performance of an EC process by incorporating titanium plates (Electro-oxidation) for the treatment of textile mill wastewater using Stainless Steel-Titanium (SS-Ti) and Aluminium-Titanium (Al-Ti). The COD removal efficiency of SS coated with sodium alginate hydrogel in combination with Ti was found to be 90% and 87% respectively. The power consumption of SS and Al was found to be 9.6 kWh/m3 and 5.25 kWh/m3.  carried out a study with wastewater from industrial pulp and paper recycling using electrocoagulation. Aluminum (Al) and Iron (Fe) electrodes were used as the electrochemical cell set up, COD and color removal efficiency with the Fe electrode were 92% and 100%, respectively. Al electrodes had lower efficacy for COD and color removal than the Fe electrode.  achieved a 94% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 87% arsenic, 96% iron, and 86% phosphorus removal from landfill leachate. Besides electrical current, reaction time and pH are played a very important role in arsenic and phosphorus removal by electrocoagulation process.  reviewed and summarized that the recent development of arsenic removal in EC process including the effects of primary operating parameters, optimization of the EC performance, as well as the evaluation of EC reactor configurations. Production and characterization of EC products with respect to different electrodes are systematically discussed. Besides, this review will contribute to deepening the understanding of EC process for arsenic removal and offer useful information to researchers in this field.  carried out a study with surface water by an electrocoagulation-electroflotation process in internal loop Airlift reactor. The electrocoagulation-electroflotation kinetics is rapid and it increases with the increase of the initial electrical conductivity of the solution σ0. To achieve a turbidity abatement of 40%, and a reduction of 70% and 87%. As for energy consumption, time,  obtained decolourization efficiency of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) from synthetic wastewater 99.4% with Electrical energy consumption 0.75 kWh/m. by using Electrocoagulation (EC) technique.  evaluated efficiency almost 100% of electrocoagulation (EC) for the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) by using iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) electrodes. Electrical energy consumptions were 14.90 kWh/kg Al (or 0.092 kWh/m3) and 2.88 kWh/kg Fe (or 0.11 kWh/m3). Specific electrode consumptions were obtained to be 0.0062 and 0.0382 kg/m3, and operating costs of the EC system were preliminary estimated at 0.057 and 0.119 $/m3 for Al and Fe electrodes, respectively.  employed electrocoagulation technique for treating various wastewaters. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Paint Wastewater (PW) using iron electrodes. Results revealed that this process could reduce the concentration of Total Suspended and Dissolved Solids (TSDP), in both POME and PW. The highest removal efficiencies of 65% and 76% were obtained for POME and PW, respectively.  successfully removed 99%, 91% of (Remazol Black B) colored water using electrocoagulation process is equipped with iron and aluminum electrodes, respectively.  treated tannery wastewater sample using an electrode of aluminum nanoparticles. The investigation of the tannery waste water showed high signs of pollution to remove 98.98%, 90.6%, 70.40%, 99.9% and 88.3% of Turbidity, COD, TDS, Chromium and Sulphide respectively. was carried out a study to investigate Reactive Red 76 (RR) and C.I. Disperse Blue 79 (DB). The process parameters investigated was found optimum efficient for of both dyes removal due to formation of Fe (III) as a coagulant in situ.  showed that EC technique is effective in abattoir wastewater treatment using Fe-Feelectrodes. The removal efficiency of 93.69%, and 0.55 kWh/L power consumption.  used the electrocoagulation process to remove of the herbicide oxyfluorfen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in aqueous solution. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency for oxyfluorfen and COD were (98.5% and 90%), (99.2% and 85%) and (96.1% and 70.5%) by using iron (Fe), stainless steel (S.S) and aluminum (Al) The energy consumption in the electrocoagulation process at optimum conditions (15.9, 16.65 and 14.1 KWh/m3) using Fe, SS and Al electrodes respectively.  conducted the efficient removal of fluoride from the drinking water. Electrocoagulation technology provides some significant advantages such as quite compact, easy operation, automation, no chemical additives, high velocities and reduced amount of sludge.  investigated electrocoagulation process on the treatment of brewing industry effluents. The process operated with electrocoagulation reactor including four plate electrodes. Two electrode materials, Fe and Al, were separately employed in parallel connection.  used electrocoagulation process (EC) for the elimination of Acid Black 194 textile dye from synthetic and textile wastewater (effluent) contaminated with Acid Black 194 dye, was carried out using aluminum anodes. The final result was absolutely decolourization with pure water have not dye and organic matter.  responded high removal efficiency of Brilliant Green, Bromo blue and Brilliant blue from aqueous using electrocoagulation methodology to determine the optimum conditions for the efficiencydye removal from solution  investigated, high efficiency more than 95% of decolourization from solutions containing dye yellow Sirius K-CF in aqueous media by applying aluminum electrode in electrocoagulation cell.  treated the real textile wastewater taken from dying process of the industry by electrocoagulation (EC) process. The results showed that MP-P mode was the most cost effective for both electrode connection types. The results presented that, according to electrical and sacrificial electrode costs, iron is superior to aluminum but aluminum electrode leads to high turbidity, color and COD removal efficiencies. While  made the treatment of sullage wastewater using electrocoagulation technique with stainless steel electrode as sacrificial anode in bipolar connection system and studied the optimum values of voltage, initial pH and electrolysis time were experimented, respectively. The experiments revealed that COD, BOD and SS in aqueous phase were effectively removed. The analysis of the treated water showed that the maximum COD, BOD and SS removal efficiencies were 92.71%, 88.76% and 93.1%, respectively at optimum conditions.  successfully removed heavy metal ion of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) from a simulated wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) method. The experimental results indicated that the highest Cd, Ni, Cu removal were 99.78%, 99.98%, 98.90%.  successfully removed of 98% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from distillery effluent by electrocoagulation is becoming increasingly important from environmental and aesthetic point of view. Effluent from distilleries contains certain recalcitrant compounds.  reported a research on the removal of Reactive Red 120 in synthesized wastewater through electrocoagulation using solar energy for the purpose of improving economic efficiency of the process. Cost analysis was also performed for the treatment process. Further, the obtained optimum conditions were applied to the treatment of six samples of real textile effluent. Electrocoagulation was satisfactory in only four of the cases. Lastly, efficiency of treating the real samples was evaluated by subjecting the experimental electrodes to the SEM technique removed the phosphate from wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes Additional, the optimum conditions was investigated. The main objectives was determined the maximum removal efficiency of phosphate from synthetic wastewater in batch EC process.  investigated experimentally the removal of COD and oil from dairy wastewater using direct current (DC) electrocoagulation (EC). In the EC of dairy wastewater, the effects of initial pH, electrolysis time, initial concentration of COD, and current intensity were examined. The COD in the aqueous phase were effectively removed when aluminum plates were used as sacrificial electrodes. The optimum operating range for each operating variable was experimentally determined. The batch experimental results revealed that COD in aqueous phase was effectively removed. The overall COD removal efficiencies extended 87% and energy consumption was 112.9 kWh/kg.  investigated experimentally the removal of dye reactive orange 16 (RO16) by electrocoagulation using iron electrode was conducted in a batch reactor. The effect of operating parameters such as current density, initial concentration of dye, pH and contact time was studied and the electrical energy consumption was calculated. The maximum efficiency of hardness removal was 99.27%. Also COD removal efficiency is increased to 66%. Results show, electrocoagulation process by iron electrode is an effective method for reactive dye removal from colored wastewater.  was performed the removal of waste red mud slurry (RMW) from the aluminium industry. The removal efficiencies of V, Si, Al, As, Mo and Ga present in the wastewater at the optimum operating conditions pH, current density and operating time as 97.68%, 82.65%, 98.22%, 99.44%, 99.69% and 99.95% in the EC process, respectively. The sludge produced after the EC process was characterized with scanning electron microscope. The amount of sludge and operating cost at the optimum operating conditions were calculated as 2.138 kg/m3 and 0.813 €/m.  conducted electrocoagulation, electrooxidation and advanced electrochemical oxidation using the electro-Fenton process for removal of indigo carmine dye from aqueous solutions and dye house effluent. The electrocoagulation process was performed by sacrificial iron electrodes, the indirect electrooxidation process by dimensionally stable Ti/Pt and graphite electrodes in NaCl electrolyte solution, and the electro-Fenton process by iron electrodes and added amounts of H2O2. All electrochemical experiments are conducted in the same electrochemical cell with the same apparent electrode surface and interelectrode distance, most efficient and economical process operated at very low current densities of 0.33 and 0.66 mA∙cm−2 and consuming only 4.75 × 10−3 and 5.23 × 10−3 kWh∙m−3 of treated solution respectively. The electrocoagulation treatment with iron electrodes and the electrooxidation process with Ti/Pt electrodes conducted at applied current densities of 5 mA∙cm−2 consumed 0.511 and 0.825 kWh∙m−3 of treated solution respectively. The proposed procedure is a safe, economical and efficient method for removal of indigo carmine dye from aqueous solutions and dye house effluent.  studied the removal efficiency of phenolic compounds by electrocoagulation process, as well as to compare the specific energy consumption (SEC) of these processes under different experimental conditions. Electrocoagulation was carried out on two different samples of water: model water of mimosa tannin and olive mill wastewater (OMW). Low carbon steel electrodes were used in the experiments. It was found that electrocoagulation treatment of effluents containing phenolic compounds involves complex formation between ferrous/ferric and phenolic compounds present in treated effluent, which has significant impact on the efficiency of the process.  used iron, aluminum and stainless steel electrodes to treat the textile industry wastewater in batch reactor by electrocoagulation method. The result indicates that electrocoagulation is very efficient and was able to achieve color removal (99.46%) and COD removal (90.12%) in the presence of iron electrode. The COD and Color removal by aluminum and stainless steel electrodes were achieved at high voltages. The energy consumption was low in case of iron electrode when compared to aluminum and stainless steel electrode for the maximum COD removal. The effluent wastewater was clear but involves post treatment to meet direct discharge standards.   reviewed that Electrocoagulation for treating industrial effluent due to its flexibility and environmental compatibility. This technique uses direct current source between metal electrodes immersed in the effluent, which causes the dissolution of electrode plates into the effluent. The metal ions, at an appropriate pH, can form wide range of coagulated species and metal hydroxides that destabilize and aggregate particles or precipitate and adsorb the dissolved contaminants. Therefore, the objective of the present manuscript is to review the potential of electrocoagulation for the treatment of industrial effluents, mainly removal of dyes from textile effluent.  studied the removal of brilliant green dye from aqueous solutions in a batch stirred electrocoagulation (EC) reactor using iron electrodes. The experimental results showed that 99.59% dye removal was observed for initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L with current density of 41.7 A/m2, initial pH of 4.0 at the end of 30 min of operation. It was observed that, an increase in current density, time of operation and decrease in inter electrode distance improved the dye removal efficiency. Optimum pH for highest dye removal was 4.0 - 10.0. It was also observed that increase in salt (NaCl) concentration in the solution reduces the specific electrical energy consumption (SEE)  reviewed the mechanism, affecting factors, process, and application of the electrocoagulation process. The electrocoagulation (EC) process is an electrochemical revenues of presenting coagulants and removing suspended solids, colloidal material, and metals, as well as other dissolved solids from water and wastewaters. The EC process has been successfully employed in removing pollutants, pesticides, and radionuclides. This process also removes harmful Microorganisms. More often during EC operation, direct currents applied and electrode, plates are sacrificed (dissolved into solution). The dissolution causes an increased metal concentration in the solution that finally precipitates as oxide precipitates.  remarkable removal of 100% of phenol from oil refinery waste effluent with lower energy consumption by using electrocoagulation technology using an electrochemical reactor with a fixed bed anode made of randomly oriented Al raschig rings packed in a perforated plastic basket located above the horizontal cathode. Removals of Methylene Blue dye by using an electrocoagulation process have been investigated by  , the optimum electrolysis time, current density, concentration of the electrolyte (NaOH) were established. The utilization of an electromagnetic field enhanced the dye removal and power consumption due to the induced motion of paramagnetic ions inside the solution.  effectively treated hospital wastewater .The percentage removal of Total dissolved solids; Suspended solids are 96.98% and 91.89% respectively. hospital wastewater contain solids, BOD, COD, phenols, radioactive isotopes, pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, blood, body fluid, sweat, contaminated organs, disinfectant, pharmaceuticals as well as hazardous chemicals can be effectively removed by Electrocoagulation method.  conducted to investigate the applicability of the electrocoagulation technique for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Iron electrodes are used and the sample is made up to run at different intervals of time, showed that only current (C) and treatment time (t) have correlation with each other. It observed that the batch which is operated at 0.25 A for 20 minutes has maximum removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Color, chlorides etc.  treated of sewage water by electrocoagulation using stainless steel, iron and aluminum electrodes, the optimum condition for this treatment is detected. The optimum treatment condition reduced COD by 98.07%, BOD by 98.07%.  treated paint manufacturing wastewater (PMW) by electrocoagulation (EC) process. Effects of operating parameters for the EC process such as electrode type (Al or Fe), initial pH, current and operating time were examined for optimum operating conditions. The highest removal efficiencies for COD and
in PMW were obtained with 93% and 88% for Fe and 94% and 89% for Al electrodes at the optimum conditions Costs for removal were calculated for Fe and Al electrodes as 0.187 €/m3 and 0.129 €/m3. By comparing electrode’s result Al electrode was better than that of Fe electrode in terms of removal efficiency and operating cost.  employed electrocoagulation (EC) for removals of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (
) from baker’s yeast effluents (BYEs) in a batch EC reactor using aluminum electrodes. The maximum color, COD and TOC were 88%, 48% and 49% and operating costs were 0.418 €/m3.  treated of marble wastewater by electrocoagulation using Aluminium and iron electrodes were investigated. The sample used was from the marble-processing plant. The optimum values of initial pH, current density and electrolysis time was carried out using Aluminium electrode, the removal efficiencies obtained for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were 98.5%, 99.2%, 55.2% and 92.4%, respectively and electrode energy consumptions were 0.143 kWh/kg, iron electrode, the optimum removal efficiencies for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were determined as 94.3%, 99.1%, 54.2%, and 96.1%, respectively. Energy and electrode consumptions were 0.0571 kWh/kg.  treated of tannery effluent to reduce chromium and COD The result indicated that 86% COD removal and 1.2 kWh∙m−3 energy consumption, 0 turbidity, 91% color abatement, 0 ppm chromium.  conclusively shown that the feasibility and utility of the difference between using Electrocoagulation (EC) and chemical coagulation (CC) in EC the coagulant is added by electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material, while in CC dissolution of a chemical coagulant is used. These different methods in fact induce different chemical environments, which should impact coagulation/flocculation mechanisms and subsequent floc, formation. Hence, the process implications when choosing which to apply should be significant. This study elucidates differences in coagulation/flocculation mechanisms in EC versus CC and their subsequent effect on floc growth kinetics and structural evolution. A buffered kaolin suspension served as a representative solution that underwent EC and CC by applying aluminum via additive dosing regime in batch mode. In EC an aluminum anode generated the active species while in CC, commercial alum was used. Aluminum equivalent doses were applied, at initial pH values of 5, 6.5 and 8, while samples were taken over pre-determined time intervals, and analyzed for pH, particle size distribution, ζ potential, and structural properties. EC generated fragile flocs, compared to CC, over a wider pH range, at a substantially higher growth rate, that were prone to restructuring and compaction. The results suggest that the flocculation mechanism governing EC in sweep flocculent conditions is of Diffusion Limited Cluster Aggregation (DCLA) nature; versus a Reaction Limited Cluster Aggregation (RLCA) type.  used Electrocoagulation technology for purifying firefighting water containing fluorinated surfactants. Electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes followed by filtration removed turbidity from pilot firefighting water. Fluorinated surfactant removal was 71% - 77% and was not considerably increased by higher charge loading. Flocculent separation in bulk solution was completed by filtration.  studied the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment process using aluminum electrodes to treat synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Red 198. The effects of parameters such as voltage, time of reaction, electrode connection mode, initial dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, and inter electrode distance on dye removal efficiency were investigated. In addition, electrical energy consumption, electrode consumption, and operating cost at optimum condition have been investigated. The results showed that dye and chemical oxygen demand removals were 98.6% and 84%, respectively. Electrode consumption, energy consumption and operating cost were 0.052 kg/m3, 1.303 kWh/m3 and 0.256 US$/m3, respectively. It can be concluded that electrocoagulation process by aluminum electrode is very efficient and clean process for reactive dye removal from colored wastewater.  used electrocoagulation (EC) technology to treat wastewater from landfill leachate, characterized by COD, high concentration of nitrogen and dark color. The findings, the experimental result specifies current density, the inter-electrode distance and the stirring speed. The removal efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen, color and turbidity were respectively 70%, 24%, 56%, and 60% with Al electrodes and 68%, 15%, 28%, and 16% with Fe electrodes. Electrical energy consumption and operating cost with Al electrodes were 0.022 (kWh/L), 0.54 (US$/m3 leachate treated), respectively, and 0.019 (kWh/L), 0.47 (US$/m3) with Fe electrodes.  used electrocoagulation system to remove As (III) and F(−) ions from water simultaneously. Dimensionally stable anodes (DSA), Fe electrodes, and Al electrodes were combined into an electrochemical system; it is observed that Removal efficiency of As (III) increases with the increase of solution pH.  investigated the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity from cardboard paper mill effluents using aluminum and iron electrodes followed by adsorption of treated wastewater on granular activated carbon (GAC). The maximum removal efficiencies of COD and turbidity under optimal operating conditions for Al and Fe electrode respectively, were 75.37% and 99.93%, and 78.76% and 99.92% for Fe electrode, respectively.  inspected the decolorization up to 98%, comparison to CC (limited to 53%) of a synthetic textile wastewater containing Orange II using electrocoagulation (EC). Aluminum and iron electrodes were used. A comparison with chemical coagulation (CC) using the same amount of metal cations as in EC was also carried out. Experimental results showed that EC maximized decolorization (up to 98%) in comparison to CC (limited to 53%). For EC, iron electrodes exhibited the highest decolorization yield and diminished with energy requirements  also Performances a study of electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes in the treatment of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ containing aqueous solutions from synthetic wastewater showed that type of anion in solutions has a substantial effect on the metal removal. Total removals of copper and zinc reached almost 100% after 5 min, the Mn removals were 85% and 80% in the presence of sulfate and chloride anions, respectively.  described an electrocoagulation process for treating laundry waste-water using aluminum plates, electrical current and pH of the influent is a very important effects of the treatment of laundry waste-water In addition, kinetic analysis indicates that the adsorption system obeys a second-order kinetic model. It is concluded that, compared with other treatment processes, electrocoagulation is more effective in treating laundry waste-water under appropriate conditions and  was investigated the influence of current density, pH and stirring speed in the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) using electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes. The best removal efficiency has been obtained 85%, 98% COD, turbidity respectively Electrical conductivity of investigated wastewater was nearly 2860 μS/cm, which caused energy consumption to be relatively lower.
This research has identified a review of efficaciously electrocoagulation application, for the subtraction of precise problematic as toxicity and huge loss quantities of water that unconcerned effectively by Conventional treatment methods. However, this paper has effectively reasoned that the EC technique is alternative method for treatment wastewater. A number of studies using experimental setup in many applications of this promising technology have done better reactors design. From the above literature it can be established that the electrocoagulation is the effective method for the treatment countless wastewater and elimination solids, color, turbidity, BOD and COD. The various rewards for this promising technology are low operation and maintenance cost, high efficiency, time saving, lower sludge production without any addition of chemicals. Maybe this simple reactor in the near future will be in most various factories and water treatment company.
AC, alternating current (amp); BOD, biochemical oxygen demand (mg/L); COD, chemical oxygen demand (mg/L); DC, direct current (amp); F, Faraday’s constant (96, 500 C/mol); ppm, parts per million; SS, suspended solids (mg/L); TDS, total dissolved solids (mg/L); TFS, total fixed solids (mg/L); TOC, total organic carbon (mg/L); TSS, total suspended solids (mg/L); TVS, total volatile solids (mg/L).
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 Bejjany, B., Lekhlif, B., Eddaqaq, F., Dani, A., Mellouk, H. and Khalid, D. (2017) Treatment of the Surface Water by Electrocoagulation-Electroflotation Process in Internal Loop Airlift Reactor Conductivity Effect on Turbidity Removal and Energy Consumption. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 8, 2757-2768.
 Maghanga, J., Segor, K., Irina, J. and Tole, M. (2017) Effect of Process Parameters on the Electro Coagulation of Azo-Dye Wastewater in a Kenyan Textile Factory. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 10, 1-7.
 Alimohammadi, M., Askari, M., Dehghani, M., Dalvand, A. Saeedi, R., Yetilmezsoy, K., Heibati, B. and McKay, G. (2017) Elimination of Natural Organic Matter by Electrocoagulation Using Bipolar and Monopolar Arrangements of Iron and Aluminum Electrodes. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 14, 2125-2134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1402-3
 Vidal, J., Espinoza, C., Contreras, N. and Salazar, R. (2017) Elimination of Industrial Textile Dye by Electrocoagulation Using Iron Electrodes. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 62, 3519-3524.
 Sajjadi, S.A., Pakfetrat, A. and Irani, M. (2017) Removal of Remazol Black B Dye by Electrocoagulation Process Coupled with Bentonite as an Aid Coagulant and Natural Adsorbent. Iranian Journal of Health, Safety & Environment, 5, 1058-1065.
 Osman, A.T., Elamin, M.R. and Almalki, M.H. (2017) Treatment of Tannery Wastewater with Nano-Electrocoagulation Process. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 7, 508.
 Nwabanne, J.T. and Obi, C.C. (2017) Abattoir Wastewater Treatment by Electrocoagulation Using Iron Electrodes. Der Chemica Sinica, 8, 254-260.
 Ghalwa, N.M., Musabeh, A.Z. and Farhat, N.B. (2017) Performance Efficiency of Electrocoagulation Adsorption Process of Oxyfluorfen Herbicide from Aqueous Solutions Using Different Anodes. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 7, 448.
 Garg, U.K. and Sharma, C. (2016) Electrocoagulation: Promising Technology for Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water—A Review. Biological Forum, 8, 248-254.
 Eyvaz, M. (2016) Treatment of Brewery Wastewater with Electrocoagulation: Improving the Process Performance by Using Alternating Pulse Current. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 11, 4988-5008.
 Vidal, J., Villegas, L., Peralta-Hernández, J.M. and González, R.S. (2016) Removal of Acid Black 194 Dye from Water by Electrocoagulation with Aluminum Anode. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 51, 289-296.
 Singh, A., Srivastava, A., Tripathi, A. and Dutt, N.N. (2016) Optimization of Brilliant Green Dye Removal Efficiency by Electrocoagulation Using Response Surface Methodology. World Journal of Environmental Engineering, 4, 23-29.
 Gonçalves, M.V.B., De Oliveira, S.C., Abreu, B.M.P.N., Guerra, E.M. and Cestarolli, D.T. (2016) Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation Process Applied to Decolourization of a Solution Containing the Dye Yellow Sirius K-CF. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 11, 7576-7583. https://doi.org/10.20964/2016.09.42
 Zainab, A.H. and Noor, J. (2016) Removal of Reactive Black Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Dye from Synthetic Technique. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 20, 40-54.
 Santhosh, P., Revathi, D. and Saravanan, K. (2015) Treatment of Sullage Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Using Stainless Steel Electrodes. International Journal of Chemical Science, 13, 1173-1186.
 Un, U.T. and Ocal, S.E. (2015) Removal of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Ni) by Electrocoagulation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 6, 425-429. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJESD.2015.V6.630
 Khandegar, V. and Saroha, A. (2015) Electrochemical Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash Using Aluminum and Iron Electrodes. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 20, 439-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(11)60204-8
 Pirkarami, A. and Olya, M.E. (2014) Removal of Dye from Industrial Wastewater with an Emphasis on Improving Economic Efficiency and Degradation Mechanism. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 21, S179-S186.
 Sharma, D. (2014) Treatment of Dairy Waste Water by Electrocoagulation Using Aluminum Electrodes and Settling, Filtration Studies. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6, 591-599.
 Alizadeh, M., Mahvi, A. and Mansoorian, H. (2014) The Survey of Electrocoagulation Process for Removal Dye Reactive Orange 16 from Aqueous Solutions Using Sacrificial Iron Electrodes. Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 1, 1-8.
 Kobia, M., Oncel, E., Demrabase, S., Akyole, A. and Ince, M. (2014) The Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Treatment of the Red Mud Dam Wastewater from Bayer’s Process. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2, 2211-2220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.09.008
 Stergiopoulos, D., Dermentzis, K., Giannakoudakis, P. and Sotiropoulos, S. (2014) Electrochemical Decolorization and Removal of Indigo Carmine Textile Dye from Wastewater. Global NEST Journal, 16, 499-506. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.001330
 Rokovic, M.K., čubrić, M. and Wittine, O. (2014) Phenolic Compounds Removal from Mimosa Tannin Model Water and Olive Mill Wastewater by Energy-Efficient Electrocoagulation Process. Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 4, 215-225.
 Akanksha, Roopashree, G.B. and Lokesh, K.S. (2014) Comparative Study of Electrode Material (Iron, Aluminium and Stainless Steel) for Treatment of Textile Industry Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4, 519-531.
 Barrera-Díaz, D., Lugo-Lugo, V. and Bilyeu, B. (2012) A Review of Chemical, Electrochemical and Biological Methods for Aqueous Cr(VI) Reduction. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 223-224, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.054
 Khandegar, V. and Saroha, A. (2013) Electrocoagulation for the Treatment of Textile Industry Effluent—A Review. Journal of Environmental Management, 128, 949-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.043
 Nandi, B. and Patel, S. (2013) Effects of Operational Parameters on the Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Electrocoagulation. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S2961-S2968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.032
 Sahu, O., Mazumdar, B. and Chaudhari, P.K. (2014) Treatment of Wastewater by Electrocoagulation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 2397-2413.
 El-Ashtoukhy, E., El-Taweel, Y., Abdelwahab, O. and Nassef, E. (2013) Treatment of Petrochemical Wastewater Containing Phenolic Compounds by Electrocoagulation Using a Fixed Bed Electrochemical Reactor. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8, 1534-1550.
 Mahmoud, M.S., Farah, J.Y. and Farrag, T.E. (2013) Enhanced Removal of Methylene Blue by Electrocoagulation Using Iron Electrodes. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 22, 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2012.09.013
 Mahajan, R., Khandegar, V. and Saroha, A. (2013) Treatment of Hospital Operation Theatre Effluent by Electrocoagulation. International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 4, 104-107.
 Sarala, C. (2012) Omestic Wastewater Treatment by Electrocoagulation with Fe-Fe Electrodes. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 3, 530-533.
 Nasrullah, M., Singh, L. and Wahida, A. (2012) Treatment of Sewage by Electrocoagulation and the Effect of High Current Density. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 1, 27-31.
 Akyol, A. (2012) Treatment of Paint Manufacturing Wastewater by Electrocoagulation. Desalination, 285, 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.039
 Gengec, E., Kobya, M., Demirbas, E., Akyol, A. and Oktor, K. (2012) Optimization of Baker’s Yeast Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology by Electrocoagulation. Desalination, 286, 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.11.023
 Ozyonar, F. and Karagozoglu, B. (2012) Systematic Assessment of Electrocoagulation for the Treatment of Marble Processing Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9, 637-646.
 Zongo, I., Merzouk, B., Palm, K., Wethe, J., Hama Maiga, A., et al. (2012) Study of an Electrocoagulation (EC) Unit for the Treatment of Industrial Effluent of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3, 572-582.
 Harif, T., Khai, M. and Adin, A. (2012) Electrocoagulation versus Chemical Coagulation Coagulation/Flocculation Mechanisms and Resulting Floc Characteristics. Water Research, 46, 3177-3188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.034
 Baudequin, C., Couallier, E., Rakib, M., Deguerry, I., Severac, R. and Pabon, M. (2011) Purification of Firefighting Water Containing a Fluorinated Surfactant by Reverse Osmosis Coupled to Electrocoagulation-Filtration. Separation and Purification Technology, 76, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.10.016
 Dalvand, A., Gholami, M., Joneidi, A. and Mahmoodi, N. (2011) Dye Removal, Energy Consumption and Operating Cost of Electrocoagulation of Textile Wastewater as a Clean Process. CLEAN—Soil, Air, Water, 39, 665-672.
 Bouhezila, F., Hariti, M., Lounici, H. and Mameri, N. (2011) Treatment of the OUED SMAR Town Landfill Leachate by an Electrochemical Reactor. Desalination, 280, 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.07.032
 Zhao, X., Zhang, B., Liu, H. and Qu, J. (2011) Simultaneous Removal of Arsenite and Fluoride via an Integrated Electro-Oxidation and Electrocoagulation Process. Chemosphere, 83, 726-729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.055
 Bellebia, S., Kacha, S., Bouyakoub, A. and Derriche, Z. (2011) Experimental Investigation of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Turbidity Removal from Cardboard Paper Mill Effluents Using Combined Electrocoagulation and Adsorption Processes. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 31, 361-370.
 Chafi, M., Gourich, B., Essadki, A., Vial, C. and Fabregat, A. (2011) Comparison of Electrocoagulation Using Iron and Aluminium Electrodes with Chemical Coagulation for the Removal of a Highly Soluble Acid Dye. Desalination, 281, 285-292.
 Hanay, Ö. and Hasar, H. (2011) Effect of Anions on Removing Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ in Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminum Electrodes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 189, 572-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.073
 Janpoor, F., Torabian, A. and Khatibikamal, V. (2011) Treatment of Laundry Waste-Water by Electrocoagulation. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 86, 1113-1120. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2625
 Bayar, S., Yıldız, Y., Yılmaz, A. and Irdemez, S. (2011) The Effect of Stirring Speed and Current Density on Removal Efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Method. Desalination, 280, 103-107.

domain: literature


text:
IU football QB Dexter Williams carted off field after non-contact injury vs. Purdue
BLOOMINGTON – Redshirt sophomore quarterback Dexter Williams, whose strong arm and threat as a runner had ignited Indiana’s offense near the end of this season, left Saturday’s Old Oaken Bucket game against Purdue with an apparent non-contact injury to his right leg.
Williams suffered an ACL tear during spring practice in his redshirt freshman year that held him out the entire 2021 season. It’s never been reported which knee was affected by that injury.
He suffered the injury in the first quarter of Saturday’s game. With Indiana leading 7-3, Williams took a first-down snap and rolled left. When he attempted to change direction, his leg appeared to give out. He went down immediately clutching his leg, before IU medical staff brought out what appeared to be an air cast.
Purdue vs. IU live updates:Dexter Williams injured as Boilers play for Big Ten West title
After several minutes of medical attention — with IU’s entire roster standing semi-circle around him — Williams was carted off and transported to a Bloomington hospital, per IU spokesperson.
Across snaps in four games, Williams passed for 184 yards on 13-of-38 attempts, with two touchdowns and two interceptions. He’s also rushed for 213 yards on 36 attempts, before adjusting for sacks, with one rushing touchdown.
Connor Bazelak, the starter Williams unseated midseason, took over behind center after Williams’ injury Saturday.
Follow IndyStar reporter Zach Osterman on Twitter: @ZachOsterman.

domain: news


This image, taken in 2015 at a subway station, shows two juxtaposed advertisements, both with the tagline “Never let go.” The advertisement on the left is for a CW sitcom, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, centering around a woman who moves to Los Angeles to pursue her childhood sweetheart. The one on the right is for Everest, a 2015 survival movie based on the 1996 Everest disaster, when a deadly blizzard struck several mountain expedition groups. The image was posted on a social media account.
What are the similarities and differences you notice in these two ads?
How does the same tagline (“never let go”) take on different meanings in these two advertisements?
How does gender contribute to the meanings and target audiences of these two advertisements? What kind of assumptions might these ads make about men and women?
These ads were posted side by side in a subway station. Do you think this was intentional? If not, do you think its still worth analyzing the comparison? Why? Why not?


text:
Give us a call to get our secret deals 800-468-3578
With a stay at Hotel Tozankaku in Kyoto (Higashiyama), you'll be minutes from Kyoto National Museum and Sanjusangendo Temple. This hotel is close to Kiyomizu Temple and Nijo Castle.
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domain: travel


text:
Now in their thirty-fifth year as a duo touching five decades, Erasure return with their highly anticipated eighteenth album.
Release Date: 21st August 2020
Label: Mute (http://mute.com/)
Formats: CD, cassette, vinyl
In 1988, Erasure released their Crackers International EP led by the track Stop! It peaked at number 2 in the UK charts and became the latest in a long line of hits when Vince Clarke and Andy Bell could do no wrong. Why the mention of a thirty year old track? Well, it was undoubtedly, one of the catchiest hits of its time and one of the most perfect pop songs to have ever been released. Its success lay partly to a verse and chorus that were as memorable as the other. A constant three minute bombardment of high powered pop making the EP roar up the charts.
With The Neon, Erasure seem to have rekindled the Stop! formula perfectly. Ten new tracks which see Clarke dig out his analogue synths and create something that could have come from their heyday but with a modern twist. Album opener and first single Hey Now (Think I Got A Feeling), is pop of the highest degree. On its day of release it was announced as the Radio 2 single of the week and immediately added to their A list for plays. Listen to the track and you’ll find yourself singing along to the verse instead of the chorus or, is it vice versa? It’s hard to tell because here Erasure have created something of a highpoint in their career.
The genius of Clarke is never in question. His techno wizardry and air of perfection is behind many hits that are instantly recognisable from the first few bars but, what is striking on The Neon is how Bell’s voice has become something quite superb. Maybe his solo ventures as semi-immortal polysexual St Torsten in the recent three album series has developed his voice beyond where it was previously. Whatever the reason he is on top form.
Current single, Nerves Of Steel could have fallen straight from 1987s The Innocents. A deep throbbing base and gentle synth swathes accompany Bell on his favourite track of the album. It pitches between slow love song and up-tempo pop with several electric guitar sounding riffs for good measure. Fallen Angel follows and a stranger to Erasure could be persuaded to believe that The Neon is their greatest hits collection as yet another song has the listener singing along within the first play.
The Neon is so relentless in an outpouring of superb tracks that it would be unfair to pick a highlight. Instead, the album is a collection of pop songs of the very highest order. It is refreshing and uplifting, it would challenge even the most stubborn pop opposer to not enjoy all ten tracks.
The final three tracks slow the pace slightly but not before Shot A Satellite and Diamond Lies zip from nowhere to everywhere at terrific speed. Kid You’re Not Alone closes the album as one of only two tracks that breaks the four minute mark. Simplicity is the key. Vocals and music accompany each other perfectly, in what is a fitting ending to a quite superb album.
The Neon is a triumph and certainly one of Erasure’s finest albums. For fans of pop, electro, 80s, it is essential listening. For everyone else, it is an album that deserves to be heard. If this was the band’s final album then it would be the perfect way to take a bow. However, when they are on this sort of form, why deny the public of such top drawer music?
Watch the official video for Nerves Of Steel from the album here:

domain: entertainment


text:
Looking ahead to 2019, Suzhou Cybrid sends a New Year's message
Cybrid Technologies has had a joyful and difficult 2018 with many of our customers, and with the return of spring and the beginning of a new era, we welcome the hopeful Year of the Pig 2019.
In 2018, under the company philosophy of "continuously creating new value for customers with innovative methods and becoming a solution provider of polymer functional materials trusted by the world", Cybrid Technologies successfully provided original high bulk resistance POE films and backsheet repair tapes for the photovoltaic industry, which were highly evaluated by the industry. The company has been highly evaluated by the industry. In the new energy automobile industry, the high reliability lithium battery insulation material invented by Savoo has successfully entered the first-class battery manufacturers. In the IGBT field, Cybrid Technologies' heat dissipation materials have solved the import problem for leading domestic air conditioning companies. The new standard of backsheet represented by traditional KPf backsheet is increasingly accepted globally, and in 2018, the overall shipment of Cybrid Technologies backsheet reached 30GW, continuing to be the world's No.1 for 5 consecutive years, and becoming the No.1 market share in India and Korea, following the continued domestic leadership.
In the new year, Cybrid Technologies will be united, motivated, and collaborate with industry partners to innovate. 2019 we will create a high level for the PV industry, many customers, and strive to create a more brilliant and splendid tomorrow for Suzhou Cywood!
The spring breeze has arrived at the Year of the Pig, and the sound of happy songs has shaken the cloudy sky. Looking back at the 8760 hours we have spent, on this New Year's occasion: Cybrid Technologies sends you all good wishes and deep gratitude! To our partners in the circle, we send our New Year wishes and sincere condolences!
As the Chinese New Year is approaching, Suzhou Cybrid Technologies Applied Technology Co., Ltd. wishes everyone good health, family happiness, career success and great prospects in the New Year! Good luck in the Year of the Pig!
On November 15, according to the unified deployment of the provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, Suzhou Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology announced the first batch of Jiangsu Province 2022 list of specialized and special new SMEs, and 70 enterprises in Wujiang District were on the list. At the same time, in the publicized list of 2019 Specialized and New Enterprises Reviewed and Approved, five enterprises in Wujiang District, including Cybrid Technologies, Microcom and Aosun, also successfully passed the review.
On October 27, 2022, the 9th International Conference on Photovoltaic Polymers, sponsored by Shanghai Solar Energy Society, Zhejiang Solar Photovoltaic Industry Association, PV Leaders Innovation Forum and co-sponsored by Suzhou Cybrid Technologies, was successfully concluded at Xianhua Tang Palace International Resort in Pujiang, Zhejiang.
On October 11, 2022, the launch meeting of Cybrid Technologies Neuron Strategy was successfully held in Suzhou. Xu Guojiang, Deputy Director of Industrial Information Bureau of Wujiang District, Suzhou University, Deng Hongtao, Associate Professor of Soochow University Business School, Wu Xiaoping, Chairman of Suzhou Cybrid Technologies Applied Technology Company Limited, and Ge Sanwei, Quality Director attended this meeting. Tang Jiecai, President of Allied Top Software, attended the meeting together with key members of the project. Transformation, successful completion of the second "ten-year plan", combing the manufacturing industry digital construction benchmark!


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December Sales Disappoint
The commonly reported monthly comparable-store-sales change provides an interesting snapshot of one month’s performance. The longer range trend provides a truer insight into what is actually happening with an individual retailer or in an entire channel. The following analysis highlights retailers who have established consistently improving or declining long-term comparable-store-sales trends.
Companies with improving 90 day and six-month trends experience a greater rate of improvement in December. The opposite also appears to be true. Weakening trends are also amplified in December. It appears that companies who understand their core customers and serve their needs gain extra benefit when the customers are spending the most.
Monthly Reporters With an Improving Six-Month Trend
|Retailer||Dec. 2005||Dec 2006||Previous 90 Days||Previous Six Months|
|Pier 1 Imports||–4.8%||–10.7%||–13.1%||–13.8%|
|Saks Fifth Ave||3.1%||11.1%||9.2%||7.2%|
|Retailer||Dec. 2005||Dec. 2006||Previous 90 Days||Previous Six Months|
|Abercrombie & Fitch||29.0%||–1.0%||1.6%||1.9%|
|Longs Drug Stores||2.4%||1.0%||2.0%||2.2%|
|Reatailer||Last Reported Quarter||Last Six Months||Last Nine Months|
|Dick’s Sporting Goods||8.9%||7.7%||7.3%|
|Hibbett Sporting Goods||7.1%||4.1%||2.6%|
|Retailer||Last Reported Quarter||Last Six Months||Last Nine Months|
|Urban Outfitters Inc||–10.0%||–8.6%||–6.9%|
For a full listing of monthly sales performance, visit www.chainstoreage.com, and click on Monthly Sales under the “Industry Data” headline, on the left column.
Robert Gordman is the president of The Gordman Group, Denver, and is the author of “The Must-Have Customer—7 Steps to Winning the Customer You Haven’t Got.”
Victoria’s Secret Names New CEO
Columbus, Ohio, Limited Brands Inc. on Monday announced that Lori Greeley will replace Grace Nichols as CEO of Victoria’s Secret Stores. Greeley is currently executive VP and general merchandising manager of intimates for Victoria’s Secret.
The retirement of Nichols, a 20-year Limited veteran, from the CEO post was announced in May 2006. She will take a new role supporting initiatives within Victoria’s Secret, including the growth of its Intimissimi brand.
Additionally, Mark Weikel, COO of Victoria’s Secret Stores, will add the title of president.
Wal-Mart to Focus on Expanding Seiyu
New York City, Wal-Mart Stores is open to acquisition opportunities in Japan, but the retailer is more focused on expanding business at its 53%-owned Seiyu chain, according to a report by Reuters. Shares of Seiyu jumped Monday after Wal-Mart vice chairman Michael Duke told the Nikkei business daily that the company might look for more acquisition opportunities in Japan.
The paper reported that Duke welcomed planned changes in corporate laws in May that will enable foreign companies to buy Japanese firms through share swaps.
Wal-Mart last year tried to invest in superstore operator Daiei Inc., aiming to boost its presence in the country, but it lost the chance to Aeon Co., Japan’s second-biggest retail group.
Wal-Mart entered the Japanese market in 2002 by taking a small stake in Seiyu. It has since invested more than $1 billion in the chain, but has yet to return the retailer to profitability.
Wal-Mart spokeswoman Amy Wyatt said Wal-Mart’s focus in Japan is on Seiyu.
“It’s a very sizable business today, so we still think that there are a lot of growth opportunities in the existing business,” she said.
In terms of acquisitions, she said: “I wouldn’t go as far as to say we’re shopping for them.”

domain: economics


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Tuesday, October 1, 2013
Review: Linger by Maggie Stiefvater
Title: Linger (The Wolves of Mercy Falls, #2)
Author: Maggie Stiefvater
Rating: 4 Stars
I couldn't put this book down. From the first few whispers of Linger to those last harried moments, I was bewitched by the aura Stiefvater re-created with this stunning sequel to Shiver. Nearly everything about it is perfect - the tortured depths of Cole St. Clair, the inescapable guilt of Isabel Culpeper, the creeping disbelief of Sam Roth, and the gentle degeneration of Grace Brisbane. For me, Shiver works perfectly as a stand-alone, but Linger provides a new side of this world, one far more dark and gripping.
Stiefvater wastes no time in quickly getting to the heart of this story – Cole St. Clair. Cole is one of Beck’s new wolves, a human who chose to become a wolf. For Sam, who has fought so hard to maintain his humanity, Cole’s decision is unfathomable. Introducing the perspectives of Isabel and Cole, however, Stiefvater quickly enables us to see a completely different side of this previously simple love story. Not every wolf wants to be human. And not every human wants to stay human.
With Shiver itself, Stiefvater managed to imbed dozens of moments of intense depth, giving us a peek into the true differences between man and beast. Now, however, with Cole, she truly goes into the tortured depths of the human mind, of what makes humans seek oblivion. And Cole is no ordinary human being. No, Cole is a rock star. A Harry Styles, if you will, with throngs of fangirls dying for a glimpse of him and his live music. Nevertheless, despite all that his life holds, Cole has lost hold of who he is and prays for the oblivion to become something entirely. Isabel, who has recently lost her brother and suffers from the guilt of killing him herself, holds no sympathy for Cole. And yet, this is where Stiefvater’s genius comes into play. Both Cole and Isabel are so tortured and alone, confused about their role in the universe, but Stiefvater writes them in such a way that we only feel their pain, but never judge their actions. I love that she is able to tap into the dark corners of humanity and pull out what really matters – not the reasons behind the darkness, but rather its very presence itself.
In my eyes, Cole undergoes the greatest transformation in this book. From the beginning to the end, every conversation, every thought, every action slowly, but surely, changes him. Not to be left out, though, Grace and Sam are still very much the forefront of this series. What I particularly love about their relationship is the muted, quiet parts; the moments when these two simply revel in each other and the simple happiness they find by being in the same room. Sam continues to struggle with the fact that he is human now, perhaps forever, and with that thought comes the scary responsibility of future. Grace, on the other hand, must come to accept that her world is no longer the same, despite Sam’s presence in it, and both her health and relationship with her parents takes a turn for the worse.
One of the favorite aspects of this entire story was the conflict between Grace and her parents. Quite simply put, I got it. I think many teens can relate to the feeling when parents suddenly put down their foot about certain important issues in their lives. Grace’s parents do not understand the serious nature of her relationship with Sam, just as many parents fail to comprehend how their children could want to explore career paths different from their own, etc. And the fact that Grace feels so betrayed, that she feels as if her parents, despite clothing her and providing for her, have no right to truly tell her what to do? It’s written so poignantly. Stiefvater truly nailed this complex relationship on the head and I love that these formerly absentee parents make a very realistic and expected comeback.
Nevertheless, while I loved this novel, I must admit that I missed the ever-present romance of Grace and Sam from Shiver. I found that the four perspectives in this story worked perfectly, but they also took away from the love story. I once found it cloying, but in this novel, with so much conflict present, I ached for just a few of those moments. Linger is a much heavier, sadder type of novel, which doesn’t necessarily make for a good re-read. Yet, as an unexpected sequel to a perfect stand-alone, it goes to show that the story in Shiver is far from complete, that the world-building and lore is far from simple, and that this love story is far from easy. Linger may not be my favorite of this trilogy, but it is a gripping, heart-felt, and essential component to the trilogy as a whole.

domain: artistic


text:
Generic Name: Zestril
What is Zestril?
The use of Zestoretic generic should not be made if you feel allergic to hydrochlorothiazide or lisinopril. Besides, in case you are diabetic or using medications that contain aliskiren Amturnide, Tekturna, Valturna do not continue with use of this medicine unless your doctor approves.
To take optimum benefits of Zestoretic generic inform your doctor about the following conditions likeliver or kidney disease, or congestive heart failure, asthmatic allergies, diabetes, lupus, allergic to sulfa drugs, glaucoma, or goutIn case of an expecting mom the use of medicine is not encouraged.
It is because the combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril may prove fatal for the going-to-be-born infant and become the reason of sudden death particularly in the second or third semester. Always use effective birth control at the time of using Zestoretic generic.
Even though the intake of medicine is tolerable for the patient but there are situations when an emergency medical help may be needed. These include trouble breathing, swelling of lips, face, or tongue and severe stomach pain. Avoid making the use of Zestoretic generic and call a doctor if you find:The above may not be a complete list of side effects.
In case you find some unusual side effects then report about the same to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 FREE. There may be other drugs interact with Zestoretic generic and reduce its effects. In such situation you should meet a doctor and tell him about all the medicines you are already taking.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JNC.
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits.
The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemiaand such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects as monotherapy in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects eg, on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease.
These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Lisinopril monotherapy is an effective treatment of hypertension in once-daily doses of 10-80 mg, while hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy is effective in doses of 12. Therapy with any combination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide may be associated with either or both dose-independent or dose-dependent side effects, but addition of lisinopril in clinical trials blunted the hypokalemia normally seen with diuretics.
To minimize dose-dependent side effects, it is usually appropriate to begin combination therapy only after a patient has failed to achieve the desired effect with monotherapy.
How should I take Zestril?
Funded by the participating pharmaceutical companies, the card is available to all Canadian residents at no cost. Learn how it works below:Patients are happy to know that there is an alternative to "just taking what they are given". Having a cancer diagnosis can have a significant financial impact for patients, so having a benefit like this is very welcome. Our main focus is to assist patients to gain access to the medications that are necessary in their treatments.
InnoviCares is another community partner we use to assist us with accessing additional cost savings to the patient. The card will cover customary mark up and dispensing fees to a maximum amount based on a provincial estimate.
What should I avoid while taking Zestril?
If you would like to obtain more information about these advertising practices and to make choices about online behavioral advertising, please click here. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks.
So please share this Zestoretic discount with anyone you know who may need it. Medication Pricing Show your pharmacist this coupon. Save on your medication costs. If you become pregnant, stop taking this medicine and tell your doctor right away. Hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril can cause injury or death to the unborn baby.
Zestril side effects
Hyperglycemia or impaired glucose tolerance can occur during hydrochlorothiazide therapy. Although the effects of exposure of lisinopril on a nursing infant are unknown and the manufacturer suggests against its use, other agents within this class have been used successfully during breast-feeding and may represent preferable alternatives for some patients.
Captopril and enalapril are classified by the American Academy of Pediatrics AAP as usually compatible with breast-feeding. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition. If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, healthcare providers are encouraged to report the adverse effect to the FDA.
Common Zestril ide effects may include:
This product may rarely cause serious possibly fatal liver problems.
Dual blockade of the RAS with angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren is associated with increased risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and changes in renal function including acute renal failure compared to monotherapy.
On the other hand, hydrochlorothiazide may increase blood sugar levels.
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CoQ10 use in combination with antihypertensive agents may lead to additional reductions in blood pressure in some individuals. Patients who choose to take CoQ10 concurrently with antihypertensive medications should receive periodic blood pressure monitoring.
Patients should be advised to inform their prescriber of their use of CoQ10. Colestipol: Although to a lesser extent than cholestyramine, colestipol also has been shown to inhibit the GI absorption and therapeutic response of thiazide diuretics.
Where can I get more information?
Many medications can cause side effects.
Do not treat yourself for coughs, colds, or pain while you are taking this medicine without asking your doctor or health care professional for advice.

domain: medical


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A book about Raglan's older baches. It captures captures the stories of the residents of many old and quirky baches of seaside Raglan, before their inevitable destruction and replacement. Many were built in the "boom years" of the 50s and 60s when thousands of Kiwis invested in a bit of land by the sea; others are much older and have been handed down through families with long connections to the Raglan community.
Built of wood, concrete or fibrolite with iron roofs, they remain largely unaltered. Their owners have no interest in granite bench tops, polished concrete floors and tinted glass. They have a greater affection for a deck chair, a dinghy and sculptures made of driftwood.
The book tells the stories of people who have "a place at the beach" and an affection for a simple life.
Baches of Raglan was compiled by journalism, photography and design students from the Schools of Media Arts and Communication at Wintec. Published by Ramp Press.
Edited by Venetia Sherson, David Cook, Andrea Wilkinson.
Photography of Davids bach was by Anne Challinor.


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Patrick Asked :Re: the Heritage Dawlish 1924 bath shower mixer tap TDCC02 - is the distance between the tap centres adjustable? The diagram shows as 1525mm, but the old one that we want to replace is 1900mm. There is a model that does adjust - is this it?
Answered By QS Team :
The centre adjusts between 100mm-200mm on TDCC02. The tap will fit 190mm centres by adjusting the product's pillars to the distance you require.


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BJ’s Restaurants, Inc. announced its newest West Palm Beach location last week, which opened at Palm Beach Outlets.
The 8,500-square-foot restaurant and brewhouse seats 280 guests will operate from 11 a.m. to midnight Sunday through Thursday and from 11 a.m. to 1 a.m. Friday to Saturday.
The West Palm Beach restaurant is Florida’s 17th BJ’s location and its fifth in South Florida.
RELATED CONTENT: BurgerFi opens 50th location, first in California
“… To date, we have opened five new restaurants and we remain on track to open six more restaurants this year,” said BJ’s Restaurants, Inc. President & CEO Greg Trojan in a news release.
Trojan said the next restaurant opening is planned for Oviedo, near Orlando, in mid-August.
BJ’s Restaurants operates 151 U.S. locations under each of its brand names.

domain: food


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Disney is betting big on the release in hopes that a $1.5 billion worldwide box office haul will translate into equally impressive home-theater demand. Premium packages include a four-disc combo that retails for $49.99 and includes Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3-D versions, the DVD version, a downloadable copy, and a full menu of downloadable digital movie music.
History says the strategy could work. Lions Gate Entertainment (LGF) enjoyed sales records when it released The Hunger Games on DVD and Blu-ray last month. Fans bought 3.8 million copies of the film during its first two days on sale in the U.S. and Canada. About 1.3 million of the discs sold were packaged in the more profitable Blu-ray format, The Los Angeles Times reports.
Consumers: No Longer Hungry for DVDs
As a big-budget action flick with wide appeal, The Avengers could enjoy similar success. But if so, it would also be a rarity. DVD sales have been slowing for years now.
The latest data from Digital Entertainment Group, which tracks the home theater market, shows that total U.S. spending on physical media fell 3.6% during the first half of 2012. And that's despite a 13% gain in Blu-ray sales; DVDs are an anchor weighing down the sector.
How to Profit From the Trend
Even so, enterprising investors may be able to cash in on the DVD's decline, thanks to recycling. A number of outfits have created trade-in programs for all sorts of entertainment and electronics. Hastings Entertainment has a concept store called TradeSmart that's located in suburban Colorado, not far from where I live.
Big retailers are also warming to this idea. Here are three with big interests in the recycling movement:
1. Amazon.com (AMZN): As a host for auctions and other sellers, Amazon has been taking a cut of sales on all sorts of recycled products for a while now. Recently, the e-tailer has become more deliberate in its efforts to cash in. Amazon's trade-in store covers books, video games, movies, TV shows, electronics, and music. Ship your trade-ins and collect an Amazon gift card for the value of your trades.
2. Best Buy (BBY): Much like Amazon's program but more comprehensive, Best Buy takes trades for cameras, GPS systems, home audio systems, and musical instruments, among other things. Shoppers can choose to trade in-store or online. Redemptions are paid via Best Buy gift cards.
3. eBay (EBAY): Finally, the old-fashioned option. Take a photo, write a listing, and put your items up for auction on eBay. Sure, Craigslist remains a viable option, but eBay still profits because of the simplicity and comprehensiveness of its model. Most transactions result in a listing fee (ka-ching!), a final value fee (ka-ching!), and a percentage of the amount paid via PayPal (ka-ching!).
How About a Fall Cleaning?
Many consumers won't go through the trouble, which means that even as fans line up to buy millions of copies of DVD and Blu-ray editions of The Avengers, millions more DVDs will be simply thrown away. Dumb. Recycling DVDs offers a way to be green and make some green at the same time.
Amazon knows it. So do Best Buy and eBay. Why not join them?
Motley Fool contributor Tim Beyers owned shares of Walt Disney at the time of publication. Check out Tim's portfolio holdings and past columns. The Motley Fool owns shares of Walt Disney, Best Buy, and Amazon.com. Motley Fool newsletter services have recommended buying shares of eBay, Walt Disney, and Amazon.com.


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The first phase of renovations and expansion of the Mary Free Bed at Sparrow rehabilitation unit is complete, with 30 private patient rooms now open.
This joint venture of Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation Hospital and Sparrow Hospital eventually will expand the inpatient rehabilitation unit at Sparrow to 40 private patient rooms and two state-of-the-art therapy gyms. Phase two of the project is expected for completion by early 2016.
Watch the video below for a sneak peek of the new facilities. Click here to read more behind-the-scenes details of this exciting project.