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Dawn of discovery at Ceres: NASA's Dawn spacecraft has found a world of salt deposits, water ice, and potentially even signs of an ancient ocean.
The spaceship left Earth in 2007 on an ambitious journey to explore two giants of the main asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres. Propelled by its ion engines on a mission to boldly go where--well, you know the rest -Dawn orbited Vesta in 2011-12, revealing a complex body more closely related to Earth and the other terrestrial planets than to asteroids (S&T: Sept. 2012, p. 32). It then left to continue its mission to Ceres.
Dawn began approach photography on January 13, 2015, two months before it entered orbit. It was as far from the dwarf planet as the Moon is from Earth. Dawn was designed to conduct a reconnaissance of unexplored worlds from orbit, and it is not equipped with a powerful telescope. From a distance of 383,000 kilometers (238,000 miles), Ceres was only about 27 pixels in diameter. With a resolution of 36 km per pixel, these initial images were not taken to learn about Ceres itself but rather to locate it against the background of stars. Navigators needed the images in order to help pin down the position of Dawn's destination accurately so that they could pilot the spacecraft into orbit.
But those very first pictures showed what has become the most famous and mysterious feature: a bright spot. A decade earlier, the Hubble Space Telescope, with resolution of about 30 km per pixel, had detected the spot as well. By the time of Dawn's next pictures, on January 25, 2015, the resolution was one-third better than Hubble's, and the bright spot only grew more salient with those and subsequent pictures. The spot seemed to glow, casting its mesmerizing light out like a cosmic beacon, guiding the way for our interplanetary ship as it sailed the solar system's seas.
Dawn continued to photograph Ceres occasionally prior to its graceful entry into orbit on March 6, 2015, using the gentle thrust of an ion engine. And it has achieved better and better resolution since then, operating in a series of four circular, polar mapping orbits. This has allowed us to progress from an overview of the entire world to an intimate portrait. The best pictures now, taken from an altitude of only 385 km, are one thousand times sharper than the first. Dawn orbits closer to Ceres than the International Space Station does to Earth. From this distance, Ceres appears as large as a soccer ball would when seen from a mere 9 cm (3.5 inches).
As the resolution improved, what initially had appeared as one bright spot became two and soon a multitude clustered together. Scientists and the public alike were captivated by them. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory polled the public for their votes on what the spot was, and more than 190,000 responded. One question I often received was whether it could be the illumination from an alien city. I find such questions disappointing, and I despair of critical thinking. After all, given how little we knew about Ceres, how could we possibly know whether Cereans even live in cities? Perhaps they only live in rural areas, or only in large states. Maybe they only live underground.
Seriously, without taking advantage of the power of the scientific method and thorough consideration of all available data, it is all too easy to reach mistaken conclusions. If understanding an exotic world required only stunning pictures, the work at Ceres would be complete. To unravel Ceres' secrets, scientists integrate results from all of Dawn's measurements and combine them with three more ingredients: comparisons with other solar system bodies, comparisons with laboratory measurements of candidate minerals, and the results of extensive mathematical modeling of the physics, geology, and chemistry. It will take years to put the pieces together to understand the big picture. For now, however, we have only begun to digest the extraordinary bounty from Dawn.
A Salty Spotlight
Before Dawn brought Ceres into focus, one popular idea was that the spots could be exposed ice. This idea's appeal might have been due to a report in 2014 that the Herschel Space Observatory had detected the faint but unmistakable signal of water vapor around Ceres. From its orbit around the Sun near the second Lagrangian point, about 1.5 million km from Earth, Herschel was much too far from Ceres to see any detail. But scientists estimated that the amount of water vapor could be explained by only about 150 acres, or 0.6 square km, of ice on the surface. As ice sublimated in the cold vacuum, transforming directly from a solid to a gas, it could produce the extremely tenuous veil of water vapor Herschel detected.
But the bright spots Dawn saw covered too much area to be the source. Even just the central bright region is 500 times larger than the area of ice scientists calculated would yield the detected water vapor. Exposed ice was not a good explanation for the spots.
With similar reasoning, the bright region couldn't have been a cryovolcano or geyser, however exciting that might be. For such a phenomenon to be bright enough for Dawn to detect even with the early, low-resolution pictures, it would have been enormous. Once again, it would not have been consistent with Herschel's findings.
As the "spots" became better resolved, they no longer resembled discrete points but rather a complex distribution of reflective material inside a 92-km-wide crater now named Occator.
Based on all the data acquired so far, scientists consider the most likely explanation for the highly reflective ground cover in Occator to be some kind of salt. It may be that the heating from the impact that created the crater 80 million years ago caused underground briny water to flow upward to the surface, perhaps through the many cracks visible to Dawn's camera. Once on the cold surface, the brine would freeze. And exposed to the vacuum of space, solid ice would sublimate, the water molecules escaping into space or settling elsewhere on Ceres. When they departed, they would have left behind the dissolved salts.
We base Occator's (tentative) age on the number and size of smaller, more recent craters both within it and on the blanket of ejected material surrounding the crater. That makes Occator young in geologic terms, given that Ceres itself is more than 4.5 billion years old.
Further evidence for the crater's youthfulness comes from it being slightly bluer than most of Ceres. Material tends to redden gradually with exposure to the space environment for several reasons, two of which are radiation-spurred changes in molecular structure and the breakup of microscopic grains by micrometeoroid impacts. Nevertheless, color is not a definitive indicator of age. For reasons not yet established, the central feature of Occator, the most reflective area anywhere on Ceres, is touched with red, in contrast to the rest of the crater. Occator contains the largest area of highly reflective material on Ceres, making it the brightest and most conspicuous place on the dwarf planet, but scientists have catalogued more than 130 other locations that also are very reflective. Nearly all of them are bluish.
Although 80 million years is geologically brief, it seems much too long for the material in Occator to remain so reflective. Scientists expect that the constant bombardment of small interplanetary debris and cosmic radiation would darken it relatively quickly, so persistent brightness is very difficult to explain. This suggests the intriguing possibility that some geologic process replenished it not long ago. It could be that current or recent activity causes more of that underground salt water to reach the surface and then vaporize, providing fresh salt deposits. This and other explanations are being investigated now.
The inference of water, most likely frozen, beneath the surface is based on more than the bright areas in Occator. The overall density of Ceres is 2.2 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). This is surprisingly low, well less than half Earth's density, strongly suggesting that water is a major constituent. (The average dry rock density is 3.4 g/ cm3.) Water may account for about a quarter of the dwarf planet's mass. Ceres then would be the first rocky body with such a large inventory of water orbited by spacecraft, providing opportunities to learn about how such a world works. Other large water-rich places, including Europa and Titan, have not been studied at the level of detail Dawn has achieved from its orbital vantage point.
Dawn also has found signs of water thanks to the compound's interaction with cosmic rays, energetic particles raining down from space. Cosmic rays impinge on Ceres, slam into atomic nuclei in the crust, and produce gamma rays or neutrons that escape back into space. The spacecraft's Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRAND) consists of two spectrometers that record the number and energy of these photons and particles. Measuring them tells us which atoms the cosmic rays hit, down to a depth of about a meter.
While still preliminary, the measurements of neutrons emanating from Ceres indicate that it is rich in hydrogen. The same measurements at Vesta found much less of that element. Hydrogen is a good indicator of the presence of water, which comprises two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom and is the most common hydrogen-bearing molecule that occurs on solid surfaces. Although the evidence suggests hydrogen is everywhere on Ceres, it is even more plentiful near the poles than near the equator. Researchers are investigating reasons the neutron count might vary with latitude. Their analysis of these complex data may allow them to test the hypothesis that GRAND is sensing ice extremely close to the surface. At higher latitudes, where the distant Sun provides less heat, ice could have persisted throughout Ceres' lifetime, whereas at the warmer low latitudes, it would have retreated to greater depths.
In one location, however, Dawn has already directly detected water. The infrared mapping spectrometer picked up its clear signature in a crater named Oxo, 42[degrees] north of the equator. Oxo is relatively small, only 10 km in diameter, but it's the second brightest region on Ceres. (Only Occator is brighter.) We don't yet know whether the water Dawn found there is ice or is bound up in hydrated minerals. However, because exposed ice, if that's what it is, would be ephemeral, it must have arrived on the surface recently. Scientists are still scouring Dawn's infrared spectra for signs of water elsewhere.
Those spectra have already revealed much more about the composition of Ceres. Most of the surface is a currently unidentified mixture of dark materials, but we now know that clay-like minerals known as phyllosilicates are ubiquitous on that faraway world. Many phyllosilicates are familiar on Earth, including mica. What makes their presence on Ceres particularly important is that they contain distinctive evidence of ammonia. The ammonia is bound up in minerals that form when water interacts with rock. This simple molecule, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen, should have been common in the nebula of dust and gas from which the planets formed. But swirling around the young Sun, the material at Ceres' present location should have been too warm for ammonia to have condensed and been trapped in nascent planetesimals.
How then did it become so common on Ceres? It may be that Ceres formed much farther from the Sun, even beyond Saturn, where it was cool enough to incorporate ammonia, and the subsequent gravitational jostling of the planets pushed it to its current orbit. Another possibility is that Ceres formed close to where it is now but accreted material that originated farther away and moved in closer. That then raises the question of why so few other bodies in the vicinity display signs of ammonia. It also may be that our picture of the physical and chemical nature of the early solar system is wrong.
Carbonates, another group of minerals indicative of chemical reactions that take place in water, are common on Ceres as well. Indeed, the bright salt in Occator contains the highest concentration of carbonates known anywhere in the solar system except on Earth. And some of the minerals, such as serpentine and sodium carbonate, form only under pressure, as would occur beneath several kilometers of water.
Suppose the minerals were produced far underground and later forced to the surface by some geological process. Any mechanism for transporting the minerals from deep within Ceres should depend on the surface temperature and so should be different near the equator than near the poles, which on average diverge by more than 50K. (The surface temperature matters for what occurs inside because it affects the rate at which heat leaks out.) In that case, the distribution of minerals we see today should vary widely over the surface. But that is not what we see. Instead, the minerals show up nearly everywhere we look.
An alternative is that we may be looking at the floor of an ancient ocean! Heated by the radioactive elements incorporated when Ceres formed, the water would have been liquid, creating an ocean on the surface. But exposed to the cold of space, the top would have frozen, encasing the dwarf planet in a shell of ice. Through a combination of blasting by impacts and sublimation, more than 100 km of ice could have been lost in the geologically brief span of 200 million years. As Ceres aged, it would have cooled, because radioactive elements in its interior decayed and provided less and less heat, making it more difficult for underground water to stay above the freezing point. But before it froze, the water would have provided a medium for complex chemical reactions, creating a rich inventory of minerals.
Although ice is certainly far more prevalent, could liquid water persist underground even today? Scientists don't know. The loss of heat over time depends not only on the specific supply of radioactive elements Ceres started with but also on how the heat moved. Salt, for example, conducts heat very poorly, so it could store thermal energy longer than rock. Also, the freezing point of water depends on what chemicals are dissolved in it. As one case in point, ammoniated salts make effective antifreeze. Scientists are using the extensive data from Dawn to refine mathematical models to gain insight into the interior conditions in the present and in the past.
It does not require mathematical models to see that Ceres has many craters. Or does it? To most people, the presence of craters on an ancient, airless world is not surprising. We know the solar system is replete with asteroids and comets that leave scars on the larger surfaces they strike.
But scientists did not expect to see so many craters on Ceres. In the darkness before Dawn, the reasoning was that if Ceres' crust were composed largely of ice (an assumption based principally on the dwarf planet's low density), then craters would disappear over geological time scales. As the ice flowed, albeit more slowly than glacial speeds, the surface would gradually relax, much as your skin relaxes after pressure from a fingernail is removed and the imprint eventually vanishes.
But Dawn has found areas on Ceres so heavily cratered, they are said to be saturated. That is, there are as many craters as it's possible for there to be. This may seem naive. After all, no matter how many craters there are, if a small asteroid slams into Ceres, it will form at least one more. But a region saturated in craters has so many that any new impact is as likely to obliterate existing craters as it is to make new ones. Even in the rough-and-tumble main asteroid belt, it takes a long time to accumulate that many craters, so the process of relaxation on Ceres must be slower than expected. That is likely because of the abundance of salts and rock in that subsurface ice, making the combination stiffer than a more ice-rich layer would be.
But the mathematical models for how many craters should have formed at different sizes show there actually is a deficit of large ones. Based on what we found at Vesta, Ceres should have pockmarks up to sizes comparable with its diameter (roughly 900 km). Yet it has only 16 craters larger than 100 km, about 40% of the number expected. The two largest Cerean craters have diameters of 280 km (Kerwan) and 260 km (Yalode). In contrast, Dawn found a gigantic Vestan basin (Rheasilvia) more than 500 km in diameter and another (Veneneia) 400 km across overlapping at the south pole.
The absence of large Cerean craters could be the result of the loss of an exterior, icy shell or some internal processes that erase them. Scientists can use their knowledge now of the size and number of craters to help sharpen their geological picture of Ceres.
A Mountain of Data
Another striking sight is a tall mountain that rises precipitously from an otherwise unremarkable area. Ahuna Mons is the tallest mountain on Ceres, reaching about 4,000 m, or comparable to Mauna Kea. Despite its proximity to a prominent crater, it's unclear whether the impact had anything to do with the mountain's formation. Given the surrounding craters, the dome and its steep slopes are less than 250 million years old.
We now think that the dome built up from one or more gooey, cryovolcanic eruptions. Nearby impacts, or perhaps shock waves from a large planetary punch elsewhere on Ceres (such as the one that formed Kerwan) might have opened the fissures the cryomagma flowed through. Based on the world's composition, this goo was potentially a briny, mineral-tainted, water-ice mix. The summit would then be the brittle carapace that formed as the material cooled, and its fracturing might have produced the younger flank debris. Ahuna Mons's apparent youth suggests that some portion of the material within Ceres was in a melt phase in geologically recent times.
The presence of the various chemical ingredients, the retention of craters longer than originally predicted, and the profile of the interior density together show that Ceres has a crust-like exterior extending perhaps 70 to 190 km deep, or about 15% to 40% of the distance to the center. The much thicker interior must be softer and weaker. One scientist describes this world as being like creme brulee.
Dawn's primary mission ended on June 30th, but NASA extended operations to continue investigating the fascinating world. Ongoing studies of Dawn's extensive measurements of Ceres' geology, geophysics, and chemistry will produce a great deal more new knowledge.
One of the signs of a successful scientific expedition is that it allows us to pose new questions that we could not have formulated before. By that measure, and by any other, Dawn is an outstanding success. And long, long after the mission ends, the astronomical discoveries the spacecraft enabled will continue to add to its legacy. After dawn, a new day arrives, and surely after Dawn a new mission sometime will arrive at Ceres to answer--and ask--still more questions.
CERES' SURFACE AREA
Cares spans 2.8 million [km.sup.2] (1.1 million [mi.sup.2]). That's About the area of Argentina, or 35% of the area of the Contiguous United States.
Names on Ceres
The Dawn project and the International Astronomical Union have worked together to name features on Ceres. Giuseppe Piazzi named his 1801 discovery of the largest body between Mars and jupiter for the Roman goddess of agriculture. All craters are named for deities of agriculture and vegetation from mythology around the world, and other features are named for agricultural festivals.
How Dawn Measures Ceres
Dawn's camera is equipped with eight filters mounted in a wheel in front of its CCD. One admits light across the visible and near-infrared spectrum, from 450 to 920 nanometers. Each of the other seven allows a narrow range of wavelengths from deep blue at 430 nm to near-infrared at 980 nm.
To reveal Ceres' topography, Dawn mapped the dwarf planet from six angles during its third mapping orbit. One map was made by looking straight down at the scenery beneath it. Each of the other five maps was developed by holding the camera fixed at a different angle, looking ahead or behind and to the right or left. Taken together, these create stereo views, making the landscape pop into 3D.
Dawn has four spectrometers packaged in two instruments. Dawn's visible spectrometer, operating from 0.4 to 1 micron (in the near-infrared) would have a view very much like the rainbow created by a prism. The infrared spectrometer works from 1 to 5 microns. A spectrometer does more than simply disperse the light Into its components, however. It measures the intensity of that light at the different wavelengths. The materials on the surface leave their signature in the sunlight they reflect, making some wavelengths relatively brighter and some dimmer. This characteristic pattern is called a spectrum. By comparing these spectra with spectra measured in laboratories, scientists can infer the nature of the minerals on the ground. The infrared measurements also yield the surface temperature.
Dawn's Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRAND) consists of two spectrometers that work on the same principle, except with gamma rays and neutrons kicked up from Ceres by cosmic rays. But because the glow of Ceres' nuclear radiation is so faint, GRAND needs to collect data for a very long time, in the same way that photographing a dim object requires a long exposure.
Dawn Mission Director and Chief Engineer Marc D. Rayman has been fascinated by astronomy and space exploration since the age of four. A few years
later, he received his Ph.D. in physics and joined JPL. Among his most rewarding personal discoveries was Sky & Telescope when he was 12.
Dawn's Primary Mission Orbits Around Ceres Resolution in Mapping Altitude in meters (ft) Orbit Dates (2015) km (mi) per pixel 1 April 23-May 9 13,600 (8,400) 1,300 (4,200) 2 June 6-30 4,400 (2,700) 410 (1,400) 3 Aug 17-Oct 23 1,470 (915) 140 (450) 4 Dec 16-Sept 2, 385 (240) 35 (120) 2016 Resolution Equivalent distance Mapping compared Orbit of a soccer ball Orbit to Hubble period 1 24x 15 days 3.2 meters (10 feet) 2 73x 3.1 days 1.0 meter (3.4 feet) 3 217x 19 hours 34 cm (14 inches) 4 830x 5.4 hours 9.0 cm (3.5 inches)
Please note: Some tables or figures were omitted from this article.
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|Title Annotation:||Solar System Expedition|
|Author:||Rayman, Marc D.|
|Publication:||Sky & Telescope|
|Date:||Dec 1, 2016|
|Previous Article:||Titan Canyons are flooded.|
|Next Article:||Twelve steps to infinity: use these observing favorites to get a sense of our place in cosmic history.|


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Concerns on Gun Bill Draws Rebuttal
TOPEKA, Kan. - The chief sponsor of a bill that could imprison federal officials for enforcing federal gun restrictions in Kansas says an assistant attorney general's criticism of the measure is off-base.
The Lawrence Journal-World reports Assistant Attorney General Charles Klebe asserted the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution can't be waived by state law.
He also says a provision in the measure prohibiting doctors other than psychiatrists from asking about gun ownership could face First Amendment challenges.
But Shawnee Republican Rep. John Rubin says Klebe's assessment is "dead wrong" because the Supremacy Clause doesn't apply to unconstitutional federal laws.
A fiscal note attached to the bill estimates the measure would result in multiple lawsuits that could cost the state $825,000 over three years in legal expenses to defend.

domain: law


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Interior Health (IH) is investigating a measles outbreak in Revelstoke after four people, including two high school students, came down with the virus in the past week.
“We haven’t identified any definite connection between these people,” said Dr. Andrew Larder, a senior medical health officer with IH, in an interview with the Times Review. “We haven’t established a particular place where there was common exposure and that can be hard to do with measles because it’s so contagious. It’s spread through airborne droplets. “
The source of the outbreak is also being investigated, he added.
IH sent out a news release Tuesday morning warning of an outbreak after one confirmed case and three probable cases of measles in Revelstoke were identified.
Two of the probable cases attended class at Revelstoke Secondary School. The two students were in different grades, said principal Mike Hooker.
About 85-90 per cent of the population is immune from measles, either due to previous exposure or through vaccination, said Dr. Larder. Still, those who aren’t immune are at a high risk of contracting the virus.
“The attack rate of measles is 90 per cent, which means is you expose 100 susceptible people to measles, 90 of them will get sick,” Larder said. “That’s how contagious it is.”
He added that you could be exposed by being in the same room as someone with measles, even if they left the room as much as two hours earlier.
The first case was reported on Feb. 18 on a student at RSS and the three others were discovered after that, said Larder. Health officials were looking at other places people could have come in contact with the virus.
He said information about measles was provided to all students at the high school on Monday and an immunization clinic was being held.
“The school is the focus of our attention because that’s an age group that can be susceptible.”
Even though most people are immune, it only takes one case of measles to constitute an outbreak because the disease is so rare in British Columbia, said Dr. Larder.
“Because it’s so contagious there are enough people that are susceptible, you can still get outbreaks,” he said.
Symptoms of measles included cough, runny nose, fever and red and inflamed eyes, said Dr. Larder. “These are followed by a rash, which starts first on the face and neck, spreads to the chest, arms and legs, and lasts for at least three days.
“It is very important that if you have a fever, cough, rash and red eyes to stay away from others to prevent spreading the disease.”
Hooker said that more students than usual called in sick Tuesday as they experienced some symptoms, such as cough and runny nose.
“We got a number today that said, ‘We’re not sure so we’re not coming,'” he said. “The fever, cough and runny nose, lots of kids have that. That’s pretty common at this time of year so I’m glad they’re taking Interior Health’s advice and staying at home and figuring it out.”
Larder said most people could treat measles by themselves by treating the symptoms, getting lots of rest and drinking lots of fluids. However, other complications could arise.
About 10 per cent get ear infections; five per cent get diarrhoea, five per cent could get pneumonia and one per cent could end up in hospital. About one in 1,000 cases get encephalitis or inflammation of the brain, which can lead to convulsions and brain damage.
One of about 3,000 cases result in death.
“When you only get one or two cases in the country, that’s a very low risk,” said Larder. “Before you had immunization virtually every single person got measles as a kid and you would get a mortality of about one in 3,000. Lots of kids in other countries still die of measles so it is potentially quite a serious illness.”
People born before 1957 are considered immune from measles because they were likely exposed to the disease in their youth. If you were born after 1957, you’re only considered to be immune if you had two doses of the measles vaccine or were expose to the disease before, said Larder.
“If you haven’t had two doses, contact the health unit and they’ll make arrangements for you to get immunized,” he said.
Larder also said they notified the ski resort of the outbreak because of the number of foreign workers there. They might be more susceptible because they come from countries with lower immunization rates.
If you do develop the symptoms, it’s recommended you stay at home and isolate yourself. Should you want to see a doctor, call ahead, recommends Dr. Larder.
“Don’t just show up in a doctor’s office or emergency room. It is absolutely crucial. If you get someone with a case of measles walking into an emergency waiting room, you have just exposed every person in that room and it’s absolutely crucial not to do that.”
Measles vaccines are available by calling the Revelstoke Health clinic at 250-814-2244.
Further information can be found at http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/kb/content/mini/hw198187.html#hw198189.
If you have any questions about measles you may call HealthLink by dialling 811 or Interior Health at 1-866-778-7736.

domain: medical


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Hello again, Wednesday! Today is the day many of us gather over at Julia’s and share a peek of what we’re working on. Take a look see if you have a few minutes, it’s always interesting and rather fun. 🙂
Here’s my workdesk today. I’ve been busy working through two polymer clay projects from Donna Kato’s CraftArtEdu.
On the left is my scrap clay bin, gonna need a bigger one soon. On the right is my big, honkin’ Fire Mountain Gems catalog (nearly 1300 pages!) I love poking through this big book of goodies, it reminds me of the Sears wishbook. (Ok, am I dating myself? How many of you remember the Sears wishbook?)
I finished the Evangelina Ring. It was a fun project, but the directions were a bit lacking. I managed to figure it out from the photos, though.
This is the class project photo. I changed it up by making my flower petals from a blended cane and also added texture to the petals and the flower centers.
As you can see, this is a highly impractical, but extremely fun ring to wear. 🙂
The other class I took was Donna Kato’s Everyday Bangles with Dangles. I wanted to take this class because, although I kept hearing from other polymer clay artists about the strength and flexibility of poly clay, I wasn’t convinced it could be used to make something durable, like a bangle bracelet. Now I am!
The three bracelets on top of each other are from Donna’s class, the one on the upper left is me taking the concept and heading off in my own direction.
Now I have to go off and finish a certain HUGE memory quilt. Photos to follow soon.

domain: hobby


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- eSanjeevani app, a free telemedicine service run by the Centre, a ‘lifesaving app’ for the common man.
- In his monthly radio broadcast ‘Mann Ki Baat’, the PM said more than 10 crore people have availed tele-consultation through the app till date.
- ESanjeevani is becoming a lifesaving app for the commonman of the country, for the middle class, for people living in hilly areas. This is the power of India’s digital revolution.
- E-Sanjeevani consists of two verticals that cater to patients across all states and UTs successfully making its presence felt in the innermost regions of the nation.
- The first vertical eSanjee-vani AB-HWC (Ayushman Bharat — Health and Wellness Centre) endeavours to bridge rural-urban digital health divide by providing assisted teleconsultations, and ensuring that the beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat Scheme are able to avail of the benefits they are entitled to.
- As per health ministry, eSanjeevaniOPD is the latter vertical which caters to citizens in both rural and urban alike.
- It leverages technology via smartphones, tablets, laptops enabling doctor consultations to be accessible from the patient’s residence regardless of location.
- Many countries are drawn towards it. Just a few days ago, UPI-Pay Now Link was launched between India and Singapore. Now, people of Singapore and India are transferring money from their phones in the same way as they do within their respective countries.
SOURCE: THE HINDU, THE ECONOMIC TIMES, PIB

domain: news


Avoid waiting around in a shop and paying for installation labor. Save time and money by shipping your ECU to us, and we'll ship it back with your new software installed.
Take your 3.0L V6 TDI to the next level with a Stage 2 tune by Malone Tuning! One can expect average gains of 65 horsepower and 84 lb-ft of torque.
For over a decade, Mark Malone has been writing tunes for TDI engines and no other tune offers the performance, fuel economy, and exclusive features that the tunes from Malone Tuning offer. Malone tunes are not just your generic "tuning box" tunes. Tuning boxes skew OBD2 data causing the engine computer sees less accurate injection and boost data because the boxes alter them outside of the ECU. This can cause compatibility issues with VCDS and dealer scan tools. Malone tunes are 100% VW dealer and VCDS compatible and each tuning file is edited by Mark Malone himself in order to perfect each aspect of the tune to get the most out of your TDI.
Malone Custom Tunes take this one step further by allowing adjustment of the tune for the specific climate or elevation the car will be driven in. The boost or fuel quantity can be adjusted at specific RPM points in order to reduce boost spike, increase boost, reduce boost creep, or reduce smoke. A custom tune is especially beneficial for heavily modified TDI's with turbo, exhaust, or injector upgrades.
The Chip & Ship tuning method can be accomplished via prepaid mail to ECS Tuning. After your purchase, you will be emailed a Next Day Air UPS label to send your ECU to ECS Tuning. ECU removal instructions for certain models can be found under "Documentation" below. Once your ECU is received, ECS Tuning will perform the chip tune and return the ECU to you within 2-3 business days. When you receive your flashed ECU, simply reinstall.
This Part Fits the Following Vehicles
|Audi||C7 A6||Quattro||3.0 TDI|
|Audi||D4 A8||Quattro||3.0 TDI|
|Porsche||Cayenne||Diesel||V6 3.0L MCN.RB|
|Volkswagen||Touareg 3||All||V6 TDI|


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Agenda What’s Rakuten?? Official language Importance of English References
What’s Rakuten?? The company was founded in February 1997 as MDM, Inc. Rakuten Shopping Mall (楽天市場 Rakuten Ichiba) started operations in May the same year. In June 1999 MDM, Inc. changed its name to Rakuten, Inc. In June 2004 it was the second ranked site in Japan as measured by unique audience.
Official language Official language status is often connected with wider political issues of sovereignty, cultural nationalism, and the rights of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities, including immigrant communities. For example, the campaign to make English the de jure official language of various states in the United States of America is often seen as a way of marginalizing non English-speaking minorities, particularly Hispanic and Latino Americans, while others see it as a unifying force among numerous immigrant groups. In the Republic of Ireland the decision to make the Irish language an official language was part of a wider program of cultural revitalization, de-anglicisation and Gaelic nationalism following centuries of English rule in Ireland. Despite its status as an official language, Irish has been reduced to a minority language in Ireland as a result of English rule, as is the case in North and South America where various indigenous languages have been replaced by that of the colonists. Various indigenous rights movements have sought greater recognition of their languages, often through official language status.
Importance of English If define English to official language, that’s convenient in offices.

domain: sociology


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Disclaimers: I do not own The Bible, The Lord of the Rings, The Chronicles of Narnia, "The Shannara Chronicles and The Shannara Series, "Star Wars", Harry Potter, and "Merlin". The Bible belongs to God. The Lord of the Rings and other Middle-earth works belong to J.R.R. Tolkien, Peter Jackson, New Line Cinema, Warner Brothers, Turbine and Standing Stones Games. The Chronicles of Narnia belongs to C.S. Lewis, BBC, Disney, Walden Media, and 20th Century Fox. The Shannara Series and "The Shannara Chronicles" belongs to Terry Brooks, MTV, and Spike. "Star Wars" belongs to George Lucas, EA Games, Bioware, Obsidian, and Disney. Harry Potter belongs to J.K. Rowling, Warner Brothers, and EA Games. "Merlin" belongs to Hallmark Channel and Arthurian Legends. All other canon material belongs to their respected owners. All original material—original characters, original locations, etc.—belongs to me, the authoress of this fanfiction story.
Summary: For Frodo Baggins, rejection was something he got used to. Trying fanfiction, Frodo finds himself meeting new friends. But what happens when the ghost of his true love follows him around? How will he cope with just a ghost of his true love? Will it drive him mad? Sequel to 'Frodo's Escape'.
This is the last chapter for this fanfic. :')
Frodo sat in a corner of Melody's classroom, pondering over a lot of things. He watched her from where she sat. Ah, Melody was only a little girl. Eight years old, and yet Frodo kept watch of her to make sure she didn't miss anything.
He smirked to see her play with her friends, but also felt as sad when she was bullied. She wasn't getting treated fairly, but that didn't mean everything was at a total loss.
Frodo made his way to her tiny desk. The desk was simply too big for her to sit in. She was the hobbit of her classmates, as small as she was, but in a way Frodo was happy. There was some hobbit in her after all.
He neared her desk, watching the teacher write some cursive writing. A thought crept across Melody's mind, one that Frodo would treasure always: I can get into this. Maybe I will start writing, become a writer.
Frodo pressed his hand against her shoulder, being gentle with her. He whispered in her ear, for only her ears to hear, "I doubt you will ever stop writing. You'll love it, eventually. No matter how hard it is, I know you will do well. I know you, because I created you." He patted her shoulder, telling her, "We'll be reunited soon. I promise."
And Frodo would keep that promise.
That's it! :) That's the last part of my fanfiction series, The Classic Literature Chronicles, part of my Prequel Series and my Long Series. :)
Thanks goes to the following people for reading, reviewing, favoriting, and following this fanfic: IanAlphaAxel. And thanks go to everyone else for taking the time for reading this fanfic until the end. It is much appreciated. :)
Yes, I did write this particular series out of order. I started with the fourth fanfic in this series. This is chronologically the last part of my Classic Literature Chronicles, but I decided to write it anyway because I was so desperate to find out how the events in my Voices fanfic played out. :)
Now, at this point, I will go back in time with the Classic Literature Chronicles series, starting with the fourth fanfic of this series. So, hopefully, the full story will play out soon enough. :)
Whoo! Okay. I hope everyone enjoyed reading this story. Thanks so much, and I'll see everyone in the next fanfic. Bye! :)

domain: library


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I probably sound like a Ukranian salesman, but here we go. The maintenance cost is derailed, after calculating a week of 12,000 more in maintinence of the A-158 and a yearly difference of 200,000 for the C check, you get 776,000 more than the Embraer each year in maintenance. So divide 11,000,000 by that number and you get about 14.1, which is how many years it would take before the Embraer caught up. And fuel burn per passenger is almost identical.
That's only taking account for Mx costs. considering that you're comparing E190 (92pax) to An158 (85pax), thats quite a difference.
Let's do the math: if we have a schedule that consists in 3 flights a day of 1.3hr each leg (6 legs) and enough time for A check...
--E190 will carry at %80 LF 74pax per leg. That's 444pax a day. Also the E190 has 343 flyable days (if we deduct B & C cks), so it would carry 125,292 pax per year at that LF. If we set tkt price at $185 we get an annual ticket income of $28,174,020.
Let's deduct the Mx costs to that number: Yearly A ck --> $270,360
B ck --> $161,772
C ck --> $311,091
Total = $743,223
So $28,174,020 - $743,223 = $27,430,797
Commonality cost is another factor aswell, and currently I'm spending nearly $600,000/year per E-195,
$27,430,797 - $600,000 = $26,830,797 total in fixed Mx costs.
Fuel consumption: considering that we're talking about six legs of 1.3hr each, we have 7.8hrs of flight time per day. And F/F in the E190 is 1,840kg/hr.
1,840kg/hr * 7.8hr = 14,352kg of fuel used per day. Fuel price is $650 now in MT3 therefore I will be spending $9,328 per day in Jet A-1, That makes $3,199,504 during those 343 flyable days.
We have then, $26,830,797 - $3,199,504 = $23,631,393
of total revenue PRE staff, insurance and other costs not directly related to the airframe.
--An158 at %80 LF carries 68pax. That's 408pax per day (in this schedule). The An158 has also 343 flyable days, so it would carry 139,994 pax per year. Ticket price set at $185 and we have an income of $ 25,889,640 per annum.
Substracting Mx costs: Yearly A ck --> $451,974
B ck --> $270,432
C ck --> $520,050
Total = $1,242,456
$25,889,640 - $1,242,456 = $24,647,184 after Mx costs.
For commonality, as I don't know the costs related to an An158 fleet, I will use the same costs as the previous calc: $600,000.
So, $24,647,184 - $600,000 = $24,047,184 in total Mx costs.
Fuel consumption: we're talking about the same segment here so 7.8hrs flight time per day. An158's F/F is 1,810kg/hr.
Then, 1,810kg/hr * 7.8hr = 14118kg fuel used per day. Again, Jet A-1 price is $650 so I will spend $9,176 per day on kerosene or $3,147,368 per annum (a 343-day one).
Doing maths: $24,047,184 - $3,147,368 = $20,899,816
of total revenue PRE staff, insurance etc, etc.
We know that the E190 is currently priced $11,606,410 higher than the An158. And the difference in revenues between both aircrafts is: $26,631,393 - $20,899,816 = $2,731,576. This means that the E190 will earn $2,731,576 MORE than the An158 in an year.
So we divide $11,606,410 / $2,731,576 per year = 4.25 YEARS
That's the amount of time it takes to the E190 to balance the price with the An158. Going beyond that will make the E190 earn MORE than the An158.
I didn't take in consideration the engine commonality as I don't know the cost of the An158 engine.
Disclaimer: I know that the E190 carries more ppl than the An158, but as there was a comparison between them....

domain: finance


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InfraRed Thermometer PG-IRT1603
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Our InfraRed Thermometer PG-IRT1603 is packed with attractive features that will help you keep your office safe. Works in both forehead and ear temperature measurement modes and licensed by Health Canada.
Our InfraRed Thermometer PG-IRT1603 is packed with attractive features that will help you keep your clinic or work setting safe for customers and employees. It is usable for either forehead or ear temperature measurement. In addition, you can use it for temperature measurements via other parts of the body.
The PG-IRT1603 is useful for contactless temperature measurement of visitors to confirm whether they may be carrying an infection that could be harmful to others. The measuring range of the thermometer is 34.0ºC to 42.2°C and you can use it to measure the temperatures of both adults and children. The InfraRed Thermometer PG-IRT1603 takes its place alongside other PPE products such as Cleaners and Disinfectants as vital components of the arsenal of tools needed to combat COVID-19.
Other useful features of the InfraRed Thermometer PG-IRT1603 include::
- Fever alarm with three back light colors (green, orange and red) and sounds;
- Voice indication after temperature measurement;
- Memory storage of the last 9 temperature measurements;
- Automatic turn off to conserve battery life after 30 seconds of non use.
The InfraRed Thermometer PG-IRT1603 can take readings in 1 second and is accurate to within 0.1°C of the true temperature. It is also switchable between Celsius and Fahrenheit readings. A unique battery cover design allows you to change batteries quickly and easily.
For power, the PG-IRT1603 uses dual 1.5V AAA batteries.
With this infrared thermometer you can take contactless temperature measurements via the forehead.
For more accurate (though not contactless) measurements, you can alternatively measure temperature via the ear.
In addition, this versatile thermometer allows you to measure the temperatures of other objects.
This thermometer carries a Health Canada Class 2 MDALL license.
In Which Situations Are Infrared Thermometers Most Useful?
The popularity of these thermometers has increased significantly in the past year due to the arrival of the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic has increased the need to screen large numbers of people before entry to a facility in which they will be in close contact with other occupants of that facility. Their usefulness in this context is of course dependent on how easy it is to use them to take accurate temperature measurements.
However, there is no doubt that, for reading temperatures with minimal personal contact, infrared thermometers are the best option available today.
Infrared thermometers are also a popular choice among pediatricians trying to take the temperatures of young children. Young children have a tendency to “fidget” under these circumstances. These thermometers therefore offer a way for doctors to take temperature measurements that are at least reasonably accurate without too much risk to either doctor or patient.
How Accurate Are Infrared Thermometers?
According to recent research into this subject, infrared thermometers are almost as accurate in measuring temperature as other types of thermometer when used correctly. In general, you will get more accurate temperature measurements via the ear than the forehead, since the latter is a more accurate measurement of core body temperature.
We provide some guidance below on how to use your infrared thermometer correctly in order to obtain the most accurate results possible, even when measuring temperature via the forehead.
To be clear, however, in most circumstances, an infrared thermometer, while offering a high degree of accuracy, will not be as accurate as either a digital or mercury based thermometer used for internal temperature measurement (e.g. rectal or ear measurement). The advantage of infrared thermometers lies in their capability for contactless (and therefore safer) temperature measurement.
Infrared thermometers are also significantly quicker in temperature measurement than either digital or mercury based thermometers.
In addition, if the infrared thermometer is being used to detect the possible presence of Covid-19, it can only do so by detecting a fever. If the individual has taken a fever reducing medication, the thermometer will not be able to detect the presence of viral infection. It will also be similarly ineffective if the subject is an asymptomatic carrier of the virus.
How Can I Ensure That I Get The Most Accurate Temperature Reading Possible?
To ensure that you get the most accurate reading possible from your infrared thermometer, we suggest the following precautions:
- Read the instruction manual carefully before the first use of the thermometer;
- In reading the manual, please make particular note of its distance to spot ratio. This is the surface area that it can accurately read compared to your distance from that area. Generally speaking, the closer you are to the subject, the smaller the measurable surface area and the more accurate the reading;
- Ensure that the thermometer is clean and free of elements like frost, moisture, smoke and other foreign matter. Remember that the thermometer reads temperatures by focusing the infra red radiation emitted by the subject it is measuring onto an internal thermopile. To do this properly, the thermometer (and its lens in particular) has to be free of dirt, moisture, etc. For instructions on cleaning your thermometer, please see below;
- Choose the mode of temperature measurement (i.e. forehead, ear or other body part). We provide comments and suggestions on this step below.
For more on this subject, please review our post on how to get accurate temperature measurements from infrared thermometers.
How To Clean Your Infrared Thermometer
As we have emphasized above, cleaning your thermometer before use is essential to obtaining the most accurate temperature reading possible. To clean your thermometer:
- For a light clean, soak a cloth or cotton swab in water;
- Wipe the lens and then the main body of the thermometer;
- Wait for the thermometer to dry;
- You can use isopropyl alcohol instead of water for a more thorough clean.
Avoid using soap or chemicals of any sort to clean your infrared thermometer. They may damage the thermometer and/or compromise its accuracy.
Choosing An Infrared Thermometer Measurement Mode
Your infrared thermometer IRT1603 can measure temperatures in any of 3 modes – forehead, ear or other body part (such as the wrist or armpit). The choice of which body part to use for measurement is a key factor in determining the accuracy of the temperature reading.
Forehead Measurement Mode
A forehead temperature reading is usually the easiest method. For this reason, it is also the most popular option for for screening large numbers of people.
However, this is also the least accurate measurement method, since the forehead is completely exposed to the outside world. Its temperature is therefore most easily distorted by the ambient (or room) temperature.
If you decide to take the reading via the forehead, you should be careful to ensure that the thermometer is pointing directly to the skin in that area. Make sure that the subject’s hair is not covering his or her forehead.
Ear Measurement Mode
The IRT1603 infrared thermometer can also take temperature readings via the eardrum. This is probably the most accurate measurement mode available. The eardrum is largely protected from external room temperature. It is therefore most likely to be representative of the core body temperature, which is what the reading is ideally trying to measure.
The problem with the ear measurement mode is that it requires the person using the thermometer to be physically close to the subject whose temperature is being read. This means that it cannot really be regarded as a safe or contactless method of temperature measurement.
In addition to this, temperature measurements via the eardrum are a little more time consuming than those taken via the forehead.
For these reasons, the ear measurement mode is the least suitable option for screening large numbers of people.
Instead, it is most suitable for a clinical environment in which a doctor needs the most accurate temperature measurement for an individual patient as part of a medical examination.
Other Infrared Thermometer Measurement Modes
The IRT1603 infrared thermometer can also take temperature readings via other parts of the body. As mentioned above, the most likely choices here would be the wrist or armpit.
Either of these choices will likely produce a more accurate temperature reading than the forehead. They are likely to be covered by clothing and will be somewhat insulated from room temperature.
Given a choice between the two, the armpit is likely to give a more accurate reading. However, the subject may be unwilling to allow this mode of measurement in a public setting, leaving the armpit as the only alternative.
Whether you are taking a reading via the wrist or armpit, be sure that there is no clothing covering the area. This will compromise the accuracy of your reading.


The objective of this proposal is to develop a practical flat-panel x-ray imaging detector with programmable gain in order to address the increasing demand for wide dynamic range flat panel detectors in advanced x-ray imaging applications. The proposed detector employs three major components: a structured cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator to convert x-rays to optical photons;an avalanche amorphous selenium (a-Se) photoconductor, HARP (High-gain Avalanche Rushing amorphous Photoconductor), to convert the optical image to charge and provide a programmable gain;and a large area active matrix (AM) thin film transistor (TFT) array to read out the image electronically in real-time. The proposed detector has been named SHARP-AMFPI (Scintillator-HARP Active Matrix Flat-Panel Imager). It is capable of producing x-ray quantum noise limited images at the lowest dose expected for x-ray imaging (0.1 In the proposed work we will develop the next generation x-ray flat-panel detectors for low dose imaging. It will increase the efficiency of x-ray detection in fluoroscopy by up to 5 times while maintaining the capability for dual mode fluoroscopy/radiography operation by virtue of programmable gain.
Public Health Relevance
In the proposed work we will develop the next generation x-ray flat-panel detectors for low dose imaging. It will increase the efficiency of x-ray detection in fluoroscopy by up to 5 times while maintaining the capability for dual mode fluoroscopy/radiography operation by virtue of programmable gain.
|Hu, Yue-Houng; Zhao, Wei (2014) The effect of amorphous selenium detector thickness on dual-energy digital breast imaging. Med Phys 41:111904|
|Goldan, A H; Zhao, W (2013) A field-shaping multi-well avalanche detector for direct conversion amorphous selenium. Med Phys 40:010702|
|Xiang, Liangzhong; Han, Bin; Carpenter, Colin et al. (2013) X-ray acoustic computed tomography with pulsed x-ray beam from a medical linear accelerator. Med Phys 40:010701|
|Hu, Yue-Houng; Zhao, Wei (2011) The effect of angular dose distribution on the detection of microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis. Med Phys 38:2455-66|
|Wronski, M M; Zhao, W; Reznik, A et al. (2010) A solid-state amorphous selenium avalanche technology for low photon flux imaging applications. Med Phys 37:4982-5|
|Lia, Dan; Zhao, Wei; Nanba, Masakazu et al. (2009) Scintillator avalanche photoconductor with high resolution emitter readout for low dose x-ray imaging: lag. Med Phys 36:4047-58|
|Zhao, Bo; Zhou, Jun; Hu, Yue-Houng et al. (2009) Experimental validation of a three-dimensional linear system model for breast tomosynthesis. Med Phys 36:240-51|
|Hu, Yue-Houng; Zhao, Bo; Zhao, Wei (2008) Image artifacts in digital breast tomosynthesis: investigation of the effects of system geometry and reconstruction parameters using a linear system approach. Med Phys 35:5242-52|
|Wronski, M M; Rowlands, J A (2008) Direct-conversion flat-panel imager with avalanche gain: feasibility investigation for HARP-AMFPI. Med Phys 35:5207-18|
|Zhao, Bo; Zhao, Wei (2008) Three-dimensional linear system analysis for breast tomosynthesis. Med Phys 35:5219-32|
Showing the most recent 10 out of 19 publications


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Car is a gem with full repair history in a freakin' huge file and I'm loving it...BUT, I hate the stock Sub wheels. I've looked at Methods and they're nice but I'd like to have something that isn't seen on the regular but still has that "rallyish" look. I found a cool wheel I haven't seen mentioned on this forum, the Centerline Pangea 17x8 +35. Anyone familiar with this wheel? Second part of the question: I'm hoping to run Falken Wildpeaks in as close to stock tire size as possible and wondering if I'll have any problems with an 8" wide wheel and these tires. Thanks for the help and really appreciate the forum and the incredible knowledge it offers.
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I'm looking for a Mid-to-high range compact 1911 with an Aluminum/lightweight frame, and in Stainless or something similar. The following are some of my favorites while looking: Colt Defender Plus (not the plane Defender, this is a commander frame) Dan Wesson Guardian (Not stainless, but pretty all the same!) S&W 1911 SC E Series Two-Tone Dan Wesson CCO Colt Stainless Lightweight Commander XSE If you have any of the above for sale, let me know! I have a Ruger Mark 3 22/45 and a Taurus PT 145 for trade, as well as cash, so if you aren't interested in those, I have money! If you have anything else of interest to me, let me know as well. Thanks!


It started with denial.
As cases of COVID-19 started to rise earlier this year, participants in Pam Roose’s online diabetes prevention class figured there wasn’t much to worry about and that things would get back to normal soon enough.
When two weeks led to four, she noticed that attitudes and behaviors started to change. Participants had worked so hard to make healthy changes such as buying healthier foods, getting more physical activity and using support systems to keep them on the healthy lifestyle journey they’d started. But, with limited access to healthy foods, gyms closed and the inability to access their support systems in person, their motivation seemed to fade, replaced by anger, mixed with depression.
“It hit, that this is what’s really happening, and some people got angry and some scared,” Roose said. As a registered dietitian, Roose teaches virtual classes out of her Marquette County home.
Some of her students stopped attending class, while many embraced the opportunity to have an online network of support. Those who stayed, drew on each other for emotional and physical support and learned new coping techniques. When a new class recently started, participants were looking for help to move forward, even asking for ways to build a healthy diet reliant on sustainable foods. They were accepting that life could be different for the foreseeable future and finding new ways to support their healthy lifestyle journey.
GRIEVING A WAY OF LIFE AND FAMILIAR ROUTINES
Throughout the pandemic, many people have felt a sense of loss. Some are grieving loved ones, while many more, including Roose’s students, are grieving aspects of their former way of life.
Stay-at-home orders to prevent the spread of COVID-19 radically altered routines and the important ways people structure their lives and form their sense of identity. The ways we exercise, shop and gather all look very different. Big life events such as graduations and weddings had to be canceled, postponed or reimagined. Many lost jobs or faced isolation working from home.
These upheavals to routine are hard to adapt to. Mental health experts say the feelings associated with adjusting are a type of grief. Unlike grieving a death, however, the loss of routine and predictability isn’t over, it’s ongoing for the foreseeable future. Still, it’s important to find constructive ways to move forward.
Not dealing with your emotions can lead to runaway stress and anxiety, which has negative consequences for your mental health. Left unchecked, it can also cause dire physical harm. During the pandemic, cardiologists have found a four-to-five fold increase in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as broken heart syndrome, typically brought on by extreme physical or emotional distress.
HOW TO MOVE FORWARD IN HEALTHY WAYS
So, how do you appropriately grieve the life you had before COVID-19?
According to the American Psychological Association, identifying and naming what you’ve lost is a good place to start. Maybe you’ve just felt “off” and weren’t quite sure why. Taking stock of the ways your life is different now and figuring out which of those differences make you mad, sad, scared or frustrated can help you figure out how to address those feelings or put action steps in place that can help you feel more in control.
Grieving routines you miss is normal and valid. Roose, who is also a certified intrinsic coach, yoga and Tai Chi teacher, said she’s talking with her students about the people in their lives they can turn to for support and finding ways to connect. “Social distancing doesn’t mean disconnecting socially,” she explained.
While feeling down about restrictions and change is normal, it’s important to be aware of prolonged emotions you feel you can’t get a handle on. Talking to your primary care doctor or a mental health professional about what you’re experiencing can help you determine if further treatment might be needed.
IF YOU’RE IN CRISIS, THE NATIONAL SUICIDE PREVENTION LIFELINE IS AVAILABLE 24/7 AT 1-800-273-8255.
These resources are also available:
- If you’re a Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan or Blue Care Network member, many mental health services are covered through your plan.
- Blue Cross is also offering a free crisis hotline for emotional support for members and non-members at 833-848-1764.
- Weekly Blue Cross® Virtual Well-Being member webinars explore helpful topics such as mindfulness, healthy eating, exercise and more.
- The state of Michigan and Headspace are also offering “Stay Home, Stay Mindful”, a website with free mental health resources.
- Managing Social Anxiety During and After COVID-19
- Coronavirus Outbreak: What You Need to Know
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
This article was originally published on www.ahealthiermichigan.org, a website sponsored by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. Blue Cross and MADA are your trusted partners in building a healthier business and workforce.


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Office of the NEW YORK
NYS Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli
In October, the Office of the State Comptroller approved 1,553 contracts for state agencies and public authorities valued at $1.6 billion and approved more than 2.5 million payments worth more than $11.2 billion. The office rejected 137 contracts and related transactions valued at $218.3 million and more than 3,700 payments valued at nearly $11 million, primarily for mistakes, insufficient support for charges, and improper payments. More information on these contracts and payments is available at Open Book New York.
OSC rejected tax refunds and credits valued at more than $4 million. The Comptroller’s auditors also recovered nearly $367,000 from vendors owing debts to the state.
Cumulatively through October for calendar year 2021, the Comptroller’s office has approved 14,130 contracts valued at $163.4 billion and has approved nearly 171.1 million payments worth more than $174.5 billion, including more than 153.6 million unemployment insurance payments valued at nearly $43.6 billion. The office has rejected 1,316 contracts and related transactions valued at $5.4 billion and nearly 217,700 payments valued at nearly $262.2 million primarily due to errors, improprieties or lack of documentation.
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A North Dakota man has been indicted on murder charges in the death of a Minnesota woman 16 years ago.
Forty-four-year-old Clarence Burcham of Center was arrested in June. He is accused in the death of 26-year-old Sharon Stafford at her Moorhead mobile home in November 1993. Authorities said she had been beaten and raped. Burcham and Stafford were neighbors at the time.
A district court grand jury in Minnesota's Clay County indicted Burcham late Wednesday after meeting for more than two days. A first-degree murder charge alleges Burcham caused Stafford's death while committing or attempting to commit a sexual assault with force or violence. A second-degree murder charge says he intentionally caused Stafford's death but without premeditation.
Judge Lisa Borgen continued conditions for release at $1 million bond or $250,000 cash bail.
Information from: The Forum, http://www.in-forum.com
(Copyright 2009 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Pakistan has signed an agreement with Azerbaijan for sale of ten Super Mushshak aircrafts. The agreement includes operational training & technical support to Azerbaijan Air Force.
Chairman Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Kamra, Air Marshal Arshad Malik, represented Pakistan while Azerbaijan was represented by Air Force Commander Lieutenant General Ramiz Tahirov.
The landmark agreement signed in Azerbaijan will play an important role in strengthening the bilateral ties between the two brotherly countries.
Indigenously produced Super Mushshak aircraft is equipped with most modern equipment and capabilities which make it one of the best military trainer aircraft.


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Learn from the experts
In these masterclasses, artists show off their skills, give handy drumming hints and tips, and answer those burning questions you have always wanted to ask.
You don’t need a ticket to enter – just line up outside the Masterclass room. Seating is first come first served, but there is also standing room so we rarely have to turn anyone away.
Check back regularly for timings and updates!


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LISTEN: NEIL FRANCES debut ‘Took A While EP’ is filled with slacker, psych-rock jams that’ll keep you vibing out and relaxing in.
Hear “Children ft. Cosmos & Creatures” from ListenBee on our Tasty! Jams playlists for July.
On “Move It On” Taka Perry and Ned Philpot absolutely shatter the boundaries of genre blending.
Listen To This Psychedelic Song “Hold On” From Dead Robot and Tribes– one of our newest, tastiest jams.

domain: artistic


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IMPORTANT COVID-19 ANNOUNCEMENT
We remain committed to serving our community and caring for our patients during this challenging time. We are continuing to operate during our normal business hours and will update this message if anything changes.
Depew, New York
Call us now!
Depew chiropractor Dr. Palmer is here to help you recover from neck pain. Call our office today at (716) 668-2225.
Depew natural migraine treatment by Dr. Palmer.
If you have knee pain and you live in Depew, Dr. Palmer can help. Give our office a call today at (716) 668-2225 for more information.
Depew chiropractor Dr. Palmer can help you recover from cervicogenic headaches.
Dr. Palmer in Depew is here to help you recover from ankle sprains. Call our office at (716) 668-2225.


Sierra Nevada Corporation ( SNC ) has won NASA approval to begin full-scale production of its Dream Chaser cargo spacecraft scheduled to make its first flight in about two years. As Sierra Nevada Corporation prepares its Dream Chaser cargo vehicle for a first launch on an Atlas 5 in late 2020, the company expects to make a decision by the end of this year on the rocket that will launch later missions.
NASA’s Commercial Crew Development program is of prime importance to the US Space Agency. It must allow the United States of America to regain its independent capabilities for manned space flight. Since 2011, the year of the end of the space shuttle program, the United States of America has been using Russian capabilities to send Americans into space. The other two vehicles, SpaceX’s Crew Dragon and Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner, are dedicated to serving the international space station. Notably, because the space shuttle served as a transport for the ISS, something needed to replace it. However, NASA had to prepare the future. From there, three companies will continue to receive funding from the US Space Agency: Boeing, SpaceX and Sierra Nevada.
This is easily understandable because Boeing absorbed in 1996 some of the companies that had worked on the Apollo program. The mission will provide cargo resupply to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services Contract 2 ( CRS2 ). NASA astronauts Eric Boe and Nicole Aunapu Mann, along with Boeing’s company astronaut Christopher Ferguson, will fly on the BoeingStarliner test flight.
The company has developed a vertical launch vehicle ( New Shepard, after the first American astronaut in space, Alan Shepard ) that can reach the 100 km altitude used to define where “space” begins. Since the retirement of NASA’s space shuttle fleet in 2011, U. S. astronauts have been traveling to the ISS via Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
With the Space Shuttle program now retired, NASA does not have a vehicle to put Americans into space. SpaceX’s first operational flight to the space station will also be Glover’s first flight to space. NASA’s Commercial Crew Program ( CCP ) has seen two private firms develop new spacecraft to transport astronauts to low-Earth orbit.
Two companies – Boeing and SpaceX – are developing commercial crew vehicles to carry astronauts to the ISS. Not only will the manned test flights be the first time astronauts fly to the space station aboard commercial spacecraft, but they will also be the first launch of “American astronauts on American-made spacecraft from American soil” since NASA retired its space shuttle program in 2011, the space agency said.
“The men and women we assign to these first flights are at the forefront of this exciting new time for human spaceflight”, Mark Geyer, director of NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston said in a statement.
China’s space program has benefited from cooperation with Russia and European nations, although it was excluded from the 420-ton International Space Station, mainly due to U. S. legislation barring such cooperation amid concerns over its strong military connections. NASA has set Jan. 7 as the date for the launch of the first commercial crew test flight, an uncrewed SpaceX Dragon spacecraft that will start a series of high-stakes missions over the next year.
A SpaceX executive said Oct. 3 that the company’s first commercial crew test flight could be delayed until early 2019 because of paperwork issues. That is in large part due to the unfortunate ( as far as the Soviet Space program was concerned ) timing of the fall of the USSR. Once it arrives, a trio of astronauts will assist with docking the Dragon cargo ship. The Dragon cargo spacecraft will return to Earth in early 2019, following an approximately five-week stay on the ISS.
Image Credit: NASA Photo / Ken Ulbrich


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That is the question.
The 50th anniversary of the Tibetan rebellion recently passed: March 10, 1959 marked the day when the uprising of Tibetans against the Chinese government officially began. 86,000 Tibetans were casualties of this revolt. The greater part of the survivors fled to India. Now, here in a country which is majority Hindu, lies a pocket of Buddhism tucked away amongst the rolling hills of the Deccan plateau in Bylakuppe, Karnataka: the Nyingmapa monastery.
Roughly a three to four hour drive from Bangalore, the golden entrance gate to the monastery transports one into a different world.
The monks who inhabit Bylakuppe used to reside in the Palyul monastery in Tibet. Today, they continue their lives in southern India as if they still lived in their homeland. Their most recent leader, His Holiness Penor Rinpoche, recently passed away and his followers are still in mourning; consequently, visitors to the city's largest temple were forbidden to walk past the front foyer of the building. Nevertheless, the view of the temple's interior from even a faraway vantage point was breathtaking.
It was interesting to witness how similar the illustrations of Buddhist deities on the walls were to the Hindu idols seen most often in India. This was to be expected, as Buddhism originated from Hinduism - diverging around 580 B.C.
Of course, the Tibetan culture in Nyingmapa has not remained completely isolated and independent of the customs and traditions it has been exposed to. This was probably the last place I would have expected to see a monk wearing Crocs…or a young monk shooting a toy gun at his playmates. In one shop in their city, I even had the chance to witness an argument in fluent Kannada between an Indian man and one of the Tibetan monks!
But after half a turbulent century spent relocating and rebuilding, the monks residing in Bylakuppe have found home here in South India. Tibet or not Tibet? It's Tibet to the residents of Nyingmapa monastery, and that's the important thing.
Sonalee Rau. Sonalee (suh-NAH-lee) is a chipper Chipper and a would-be magnet junior. She spends a great deal of time playing tennis (Blair is red hot), doodling, reading, quoting famous people, quoting not-so-famous people and lamenting her inability to play the piano. She is also a big … More »

domain: geography


Burning Ambulance’s week-long countdown of the year’s best jazz albums continues with #s 15-11. Shall we?
15. Rudy Royston, 303 (Buy It)
The players Rudy Royston’s assembled for his debut as a leader click almost preternaturally with his drumming. Guitarist Nir Felder cuts right on through, only to take on the choppy and fierce qualities of the rhythm he’s supposedly overlaying. The horns (Jon Irabagon on sax and Nadje Noordhuis on trumpet) let melodies glide over the steadier backbeats, and scatter when those melodies splinter apart under increasing pressure. Pianist Sam Harris plays like he’s weaving through traffic—sometimes against the traffic—in a way that makes his ultralight, endlessly agile maneuvering seem collision-proof. And bassists Yasushi Nakamura and Mimi Jones sneakily double up and (sometimes simultaneously) counterweigh the beats. There’s something lurking beneath even the more straightforward compositions on 303—it’s hard to predict when steadiness will take a turn for the freewheeling or chaos will reform into order, but that sort of distinction frequently ceases to matter. Royston’s exactly the kind of fearless guide you want through it all.
14. Eric Hofbauer Quintet, Prehistoric Jazz Vol. 1 (Buy It) & Vol. 2 (Buy It)
Guitarist/composer Eric Hofbauer’s paired reinterpretations of Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring and Olivier Messiaen’s Quartet for the End of Time combine passages from the scores with jazz-based improvisation. The group—which also includes Todd Brunel on clarinet and bass clarinet, Jerry Sabatini on trumpet, Junko Fujiwara on cello and Curt Newton on drums—sets up an interesting blend of old-timey music, classical, and avant-garde clatter and squeak. The Messiaen piece requires more radical reinvention than the Stravinsky; the latter composer was injecting vernacular forms and concepts into a classical context, after all. Plus, Messiaen’s is much more of a simmering, slowly evolving piece, somewhat similar to Miles Davis’s “Nefertiti,” seemingly hypnotic but in fact constantly in transition rather than something that moves through multiple, radically distinct stages. But both provide opportunities for the various members of the group to take extended, introspective solos, or dialogue with each other, as the mood dictates.
13. Paal Nilssen-Love Large Unit, Erta Ale (Buy It)
Legendary Scandinavian out-jazz drummer Paal Nilssen-Love has formed a new band: the 11-piece Large Unit. This three-CD box mixes studio and live material, with the third disc containing a full set from the 2014 Moers Festival. Though it’s a lot to take in, Erta Ale is both subtler and less overwhelming than one might expect. As might be expected, with a double rhythm section, electric guitar, and noise master Lasse Marhaug in the lineup, this is not your typical big band, though it has its swinging moments, nor is it a “traditional” large-scale free jazz group in the bombastic, blaring vein of Michael Mantler‘s Jazz Composers Orchestra or William Parker‘s Little Huey Orchestra. Indeed, while it’s a frequently raucous and quite noisy Unit, with a hard-charging energy reminiscent of Charles Mingus crossed with the Melvins, there are numerous passages where individual instrumentalists take lengthy and at times quite meditative and exploratory solo turns.
12. William Hooker & Liudas Mockunas, Live at the Vilnius Jazz Festival (Buy It)
William Hooker is known as a human avalanche of a drummer, blurring the lines between free jazz, avant-rock and metallic noise. But in recent years he’s begun to explore quiet and subtlety more than ever, and this sax-drums duo performance is remarkably beautiful. Mockunas, a burly long-haired dude, is working in an incantatory zone somewhere between Peter Brötzmann and Evan Parker, blowing long, fierce lines full of relentlessly repeated notes and short phrases; Hooker, though, isn’t attempting to match his power or beat him down, but rather to bolster him and keep him going. In some ways the result recalls Max Roach’s 1979 duo with Cecil Taylor, the drummer supplying melody and rhythm so the other musician can wander as far afield as he chooses. Hooker makes the most of a minimal kit, his work on toms and kick particularly impressive. An intense but never blustery or macho performance, there’s real thought at work here.
11. Johnathan Blake, Gone But Not Forgotten (Buy It)
Drummer Johnathan Blake gathers a top-shelf quartet for his second release as a leader—Chris Potter and Mark Turner on saxophones, and Ben Street on bass. The latter two men also appeared on Blake’s debut, The Eleventh Hour, which was a little long and a little overstuffed with guest appearances, but an assured and enjoyable opening statement nevertheless. This follow-up feels a little looser than its predecessor, though it’s a concept album, each track a tribute to a deceased jazz musician except for one, “Born Yesterday,” which is dedicated to Ana Grace, the murdered daughter of saxophonist Jimmy Greene. It’s not a collection of weepy ballads, though; it’s a jumpy, energetic celebration of lives. Potter and Turner’s work is fantastic throughout, whether they’re blowing unison melodies, harmonizing with each other, or just stepping back to let the other man solo, and Blake’s as precise and energetic a timekeeper as ever, with Street an ideal partner.
3 Comment on “Best Jazz Of 2014: 15-11”


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On the second night since the Anti-Life Virus had festered Gotham, Rose Wilson merely waited in fear and terror inside her own apartment, until her father Slade (Deathstroke) had finally contacted her, informing that he's on his way to rescue her. Despite her "seeing the same fate" of being infected by the techno-organic virus, Slade nevertheless assured of her daughter's safety, as long as Rose brings every weapon she can carry and proactively stays away from any screen while she awaits his arrival.
While on his way to land on the apartment roof riding a helicopter, Slade encountered an infected Man-Bat, which inevitably crashes with the helicopter, biting his arm in the process. The helicopter crashed onto the apartment roof and Man-Bat died with it, though Slade survived despite being bitten. Rose tried to kill her infected father out of mercy, only for Slade to revert back to normal by the moment he got impaled by Rose's sword, informing the latter of Slade's immunity to the Anti-Life Virus. At that same moment, Mirror Master came to their aid, revealing he came on Vandal Savage's behalf to offer protection in exchange for their skills. The two accepted his invitation, in which they traveled through Mirror World wearing Mirror Master's extra Babel Lenses and arrive on Savage's sanctuary, Ball's Pyramid.
Rose found about Vandal Savage's betrayal when he tried to dissect her father and Creeper. After a zombie Wonder Woman destroyed the island, Rose escaped to Jason Todd's school where she and Deathstroke and a few villains would stay. She would help train the students and even began a romance with Jason Todd.  When the group would escape to the Gotham sanctuary, Rose would watch her father get murdered by Wonder woman. She would be safe at the Gotham sanctuary and would help create a memorial to her father and the other villains.
Powers and Abilities
- Enhanced Brain Activity
- Ravager (Rose Wilson) was created by Marv Wolfman, Art Nichols, and Will Blyberg, first appearing in Deathstroke the Terminator #15. However, the DCeased version of Ravager (Rose Wilson) first appeared in DCeased: Unkillables #1 by Tom Taylor and Karl Mostert.
- 5 Appearances of Rose Wilson (DCeased)
- 4 Images featuring Rose Wilson (DCeased)
- Quotations by or about Rose Wilson (DCeased)
- Character Gallery: Rose Wilson (DCeased)
|Batman Family member |
This character is or was an incarnation of or an ally of Batman, and a member of the Batman Family. This template will automatically categorize articles that include it into the "Batman Family members" category.

domain: entertainment


It may only need a coolant temp sensor to be fixed not a new gauge.
That was the case on my 98 v6 - the sensor tip basically fell off - or I helped it fall off while doing the water pump.
NOTE: You will need to know what type of connector the sensor has: the old-fashioned type that looks like a screw versus the alternative, referred to as a 'two blade' connector - a plastic wire connector cap.
Funny thing is that there is still only 1 wire going to the sensor.
It may be the cooling temperature sender not cooling temperature sensor, I had the same problem. I replaced the sensor but that didn't fix problem, I replaced the sending unit and that fixed the problem.
Thermostat probably needs to be replaced.
No, but it has a temperature gauge that you need to check regularly.
The Temperature sensor for the computer is on top the head. The temperature sensor for the temperature gauge is located under the Thermostat housing.
The size of an object
temp gauge is stuck on hot
replace temperature gauge
Fuse location for temperature gauge for a Malibu
On a 1997 Ford Contour : ( No ) Just the engine oil pressure warning light located in the upper right area of your gauge cluster ( above the fuel gauge )
Defective temperature gauge or defective temperature sensor?
Bad gauge or defective coolant temperature sensor
why is the temperature gauge not moving on a 2007 Lincoln mkz
An automobile temperature gauge can fluctuate when the thermostat is opening and closing erratically. The temperature gauge can also fluctuate when the ground wire is loose.
It is possible that the temperature gauge has stopped working in a 1992 Tempo due to a blown fuse. It is also possible that the temperature gauge stopped working do to the temperature sensor in the engine having a short.
The temperature gauge on a car fluctuates because the car's thermostat is opening and closing. The gauge goes up when the thermostat closes and the gauge goes down when the thermostat opens.
It will usually run with a gauge temperature of around 200-210 degrees.
Check coolant temperature with a thermometer- could be a bad gauge reading or a defective fan sensor
Temperature Fluctuation simply
temperature gauge, temperature measurement device
A temperature gauge, that always read the maximum temperature, is usually not connected to the temperature sensor. The wire between the gauge and the sensor must be broken.
Low Coolant? Weak Temerature sensor? Weak gauge Gauge working properly and recording the thermostat opening and closing as engine temperature fluctuates
There are two kinds of engine temp gauges available for VWs. One is the Oil Temperature Gauge, the other a Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge.
what about it?


text:
Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/18/2004
Publication Date: 2/12/2005
Citation: Jung, W., Kitchen, N.R. 2005. Cropping management impacts soil quality indicators for claypan soils [abstract]. 2005 Missouri Natural Resources Conference. February 2, 2005. Lake of the Ozarks, MO.
Technical Abstract: Management practices have the potential to either enhance or degrade soil quality, which in turn impact crop production and the environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate how 13 years of cropping and conservation reserve program (CRP) practices have impacted soil quality indicators for a claypan soil. Soil cores (5.2 cm diameter by 0-7.5 cm, 7.5-15 cm, and 15-30 cm depth) and other in-field measurements were collected from three cropping management systems and one CRP system: (1) minimum-tillage management of a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation with high agrichemical input (CS1); (2) no-tillage, corn-soybean rotation with high agrichemical input (CS2); (3) no-tillage corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-cover crop rotation with reduced agrichemical input (CS3); and (4) continuous cool-season grass and legume with no agrichemical input (CRP). Soil aggregation stability at all three sampling depths was about 40% higher in no-till management systems than on CS1. CRP management more than doubled soil aggregation of the three grain cropping systems. At the shallow sampling depths, no-tillage (CS2 and CS3) increased soil bulk density above that of CS1. The water infiltration rate was higher with CS1 than with CS2 and CS3. At the 0- to 7.5-cm depth, CRP increased soil organic carbon storage by 33% and soil total nitrogen storage by 34%. This study suggests that soil quality, as measured by these indicators, is greatly improved on a claypan soil when managed as CRP. We theorize that the primary reason for this difference comes from growing perennial plants that partition more carbon below ground than do annual grain crops.

domain: agronomy


text:
- About Us
- Contact Us
This is my recipe for simple, healthy and delicious pesto pasta. Should be ready in 15 minutes, so it’s nice and quick! Ingredients Packet of pasta...
Ingredients (serves 6) 2 teaspoons olive oil 1 large red onion, chopped 3 rashers Primo middle bacon, trimmed, chopped 4 cups small dried penne pasta...
Ingredients 400g macaroni pasta (gluten free, optional) cooking oil spray 1 small red onion, cut into thin strips or finely diced 1 clove garlic, crushed...

domain: food


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Red Squirrel Tea Room (4 reviews)
Unfortunately, this tea room is closing at the end of August. She's only taking reservations for those who have gift certificates.
New address!! Red Squirrel will REOPEN Fall 2018 at a new location. 441 E. Cumberland Street Lebanon PA 17046. The new number is 717-383-8261. Please call Jennifer for more information. Look forward to seeing you. Jennifer
Visited the Red Squirrel Tea Room yesterday for high tea for the first time. What a lovely experience! The food was delicious and there was a great variety (soup,salad,scones, finger sandwiches and desserts). We enjoyed several different teas (loose leaf and bags) and had a wide choice to pick from. Will recommend to my friends.
Went to Red Squirrel Tea Room for the first time.....what a wonderful tea room! The food was excellent (blueberry scones & savory scones, butter nut squash soup,pasta salad,chicken salad sandwich, cucumber sandwich,lavender tea cookies,mini cream puffs, chocolate cupcake topped with a strawberry). The atmosphere is great, table setting lovely. The owner is very friendly and informative. I will recommend to all my friends. Thank You for a lovely tea experience!


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A series of measures have been announced by Judges and the Courts Service on Friday 8th May last in what is being seen as the first step in partially reopening the courts.
It is noted screens will be provided for judges, staff and witnesses, along with floor markings and two metre distancing signage to ensure social distancing measures are adhered to. These are not temporary measures, with Chief Justice Frank Clarke noting that they may well continue for the next 12 months.
As most will be aware, the Courts have been largely working behind closed doors since An Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced unprecedented measures on 13th March last to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. It is noted only urgent matters have been heard and the majority of cases and applications have been adjourned until June or July.
However, the Courts Service has been working to improve the possibility for remote hearings and to allow for the reintroduction of physical hearings in the near future whilst ensuring compliance with Government guidelines. Cases are to be listed at staggered times for example, to limit the amount of people gathering at any one time. It seems packed courtrooms at 10:30am are a thing of the past for the foreseeable future.
From May 18th the category of cases which can be heard is to be expanded. For example, maintenance and child access matters in the District Court were not deemed urgent in the past few weeks but such will be included from May 18th along with alleged breaches of domestic violence orders. However, all other District Court civil matters will continue to be considered non-urgent for the time being and will be adjourned generally.
It is noted that the Circuit Court is to expand the type of cases being heard before it. For example, Trim Circuit Court has listed Civil matters beginning Monday 18th May running until Friday 29th May.
The High Court is also set to expand the types of cases it will deal with from May 18th. The court has been dealing with habeas corpus, wardship, injunctions and their enforcement, and urgent applications for judicial review. Other matters and applications have been adjourned generally until June or July.
However, Mr Justice Peter Kelly has now authorised the hearing of corporate and personal insolvency matters, judicial review applications, non-contentious probate cases, all family law applications, commercial list cases, chancery list cases, non-jury list cases and Criminal Asset Bureau cases.
It is noted three courts will be available for remote hearings daily whilst seven other courts have been earmarked for physical hearings. It is expected priority will be given to cases which were listed for hearing and had to be adjourned.
Meanwhile, Chief Justice Frank Clarke said work was continuing to among the judiciary and the staff of the Courts Service to increase the number of cases which can be heard and considering the measures that will be adopted above, it is hoped that the en masse adjournment of cases will be avoided and a return to normality can begin.