text:
The first round of Generation Initiative training in Birmingham is full, ahead of courses beginning on February 13. The initiative will help underemployed and unemployed youth gain access to job interviews with local companies, IT certification assistance and career coaching.
Generation is a youth employment program that recruits, trains and places young people in jobs. It is a program of McKinsey Social Initiative, an independent nonprofit that McKinsey & Company founded in 2014.
Computers await installation at the former Depot U space at Innovation Depot for the upcoming first round of Generation training.
The program is one of the initiatives of the Innovate Birmingham Regional Workforce Partnership, the broad coalition of public, community, business and education leaders – including the Birmingham Business Alliance – that recently received a $6 million America’s Promise Grant to provide industry-specific skills for 925 Birmingham citizens to obtain high-paying jobs.
Jennifer Sikes, director of communications at McKinsey Social Initiative, said Birmingham was chosen as a vehicle for workforce enhancement through the Generation program because key partnerships already existed.
“Birmingham has been an incredibly welcoming city for Generation and we are thrilled to be launching a program here,” Sikes said. “All the ingredients for success were already here. There is an incredible coalition of partners already involved who are eager to bring new opportunities to the city. And the area has a significant demand for workers in technology—the focus of the first Generation program in Birmingham.”
In just two years of operation, Generation has become the world’s largest and fastest, demand-driven youth employment organization by offering programs spanning four sectors in 15 professions across more than 70 sites in 27 cities in five countries — India, Kenya, Mexico, Spain, and the United States.
The program produces 10,000 graduates globally with an 88 percent job placement rate. Graduates typically earn an income two to six times higher than they did before Generation.
Even with statistics showing the overwhelming success of the program, community organizations and leaders in Birmingham are essential to recruit or recommend individuals to the program that have been disconnected from the workforce. Birmingham’s strong community partner coalition and support from across the city will be essential recruiting tools to engage young people that may benefit from the program.
“We’ve partnered with the Birmingham Education Foundation (BEF) to recruit students into the Generation IT program and to other programs that are a part of the Innovate Birmingham workforce development roadmap,” said Kathleen Hamrick, director of marketing and education at Innovation Depot where the Generation training will be held. “BEF has hired an Innovate Birmingham Program Specialist who is heading student recruitment into the programs.” For the Generation program, Hamrick is the primary contact with the McKinsey Social Initiative Generation IT program for the Birmingham-based program and will help oversee and manage the program’s logistics.
Sikes has witnessed the impact Generation made on previous participants throughout the nation and envisions the same success for Birmingham students. “Our graduates not only find stable employment, increased income and improved well-being, but a career path that can change their life.”
According to Hamrick, 20 students have been accepted into the February class of Generation and recruiting has already begun for the second class, which will begin in May. The third class will begin in September. Recruiting began in early January 2017 and there have been over 100 applicants so far. Classes for the program cap at 20 students.
To enroll in the program, participants aged 17 to 29 must be able to commit to a full-time training schedule for 12 weeks and have a high school diploma or GED with basic reading and math skills. Interested individuals can click here to apply for the next round of training at Innovation Depot.
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text:
Illustrated paper cover in colors.
Printed in double columns.
"May 7, 1924"--Cover.
"Stories of adventure"--Cover.
"Never stopping to think what the result might be, he gathered his muscles together, and with a swift, agile bound was upon the hideous serpent. His face was actually bloodless-his eyes gleaming-his teeth set."--Cover illustrated caption.
Includes advertisements, short filler items, and 7 short articles: Current news, Good reading, Interesting radio news and hints, Items of interest, Laughs, Brief but pointed, and Items of interest.
Includes chapter 21 of the story: Breaking the record, or, Around the world in thirty-three days / by William Wade.
Previously printed as: Pluck and luck ; no. 552.

domain: library


text:
The congestion of Moscow in the evening on Monday reached four points, follows from the data of the "Yandex.Tube" by 17:45 GMT.
Thus, the amount of traffic on the garden ring, third transport ring, on Moskvoretskaya embankment. Also the speed of the traffic flow reduced on the Bolshaya Lubyanka, Tverskaya and Novoslobodskaya, and on some sections of the ring road.
Earlier it was reported that the number of cars on Moscow roads have exceeded 2 million by 15:00 on 1 June. Last year in the same day, the traffic was estimated at four points on the "Yandex.Tube", while cars on the roads of the capital were 17% more 2.44 million
In the next phase of lifting the restrictions imposed because of the pandemic coronavirus, June 1, in Moscow allowed for the townspeople outdoors, for visitors to the newly opened parks.
In addition, Monday resumed work 47 thousand non-food shops, staffed by 236 thousand people, 9 thousand enterprises of household services with 37 thousand employees. In addition, from June 5 to earn fair weekend, which employ 4 million people.
In large shopping centres are open only to those enterprises whose activities are allowed. Located in the Mall entertainment centers, sports halls, catering, certain types of household services while will not work.

domain: economics


text:
Kyma - Flatiron
Book your next event with us
$44.95 three course Prix Fixe Sunset Menu at Kyma. Served daily from 4:30pm to 6pm. Sunday's all day.
Terms and Conditions:
Valid For: 1 - 20 people
Starts: October 7, 2019
Ends: October 8, 2118
Availability: Daily 4:00PM-6:00PM
Mon.-Fri Happy Hour 4 to 6pm
$1 oysters, $10 bar bites and drinks starting at $7.
Terms and Conditions:
Valid For: 1 - 20 people
Starts: July 29, 2019
Ends: July 30, 2118
Availability: Mon-Fri 4:00PM-6:00PM
Valentine's Day Special Menus & More
Make Valentine's Day unforgettable with a special diner at Kyma Flatiron. Our Valentine's Day menu will feature a three course pre-fixe meal for $100 a live DJ spinning only the best beats. Come celebrate your love at Kyma Flatiron's bi-level restaurant in style.
Friday, February 14, 2020
Long wait to be seated even with reservation. Long wait for food to be served.
We got seated next to the DJ - was very loud. Was hard to talk and catch up with friends. But lovely restaurant, good food and a little pricey.
This was my third time at Kyma. I am a big fan of Greek food and have gone to their sister restaurant Ethos 51 which I love.
The food here is good but not outstanding. I love Octopus but this plate was on the dry side with not much flavor and disappointing . The Greek salad was good and Feta was delicious. My Lavraki fish was moist and cooked just right! My husband had the short ribs with Orzo which was good but not his fav.
The place is very pretty. The host came by to check on us which I liked. For the price of this dinner I would like to see the food taken up a notch.
If you are looking for an energetic atmosphere with a DJ this can be a good place to eat!
Our waiter was so amazing! Will be back... one of my favorite Greek places in NYC!
Service is a bit rushed, food ok, cheesecake was excellent
We ordered several appetizers to share; they were delicious. Our waiter was very helpful in choosing wines for our dinner and he was friendly and attentive. I am looking forward to going back and trying other dishes.
Fabulous evening as eight friends celebrated three friends’ birthdays. We are a large and challenging loud group and we dine together monthly at restaurants around NYC. Natasha, our server, handled us with good humor, grace, efficiency and aplomb. The food was fantastic from the Kyma chips and halloumi to the branzino. The round table is the best seating arrangement for groups. The cocktails and mocktails were enjoyable. We were allowed to bring in a birthday cake and it was brought to the table with big sparklers!
It was definitely one of our favorite restaurants that we’ve visited and we hope we will be allowed to return. Kudos are due to Natasha because she made the evening so much fun and participated in the hilarity of the group.
Excellent restaurant, amazing service and food! Our favorite Greek in the city.
I reserved a table at Kyme because I read more than one review saying it is typically quiet. That may be the case, but be advised they sometimes have a DJ, esp on Friday nights! I have family members who are somewhat hard of hearing and it was a little bit of a debacle, we had to leave early. I'd try it again for lunch, but this turned me off from dinner for the foreseeable future.
Everything tasted really great...but clearly something was wrong because 2 hrs after dinner
something didn't agree with me and everything came back up! not pleasant!!
It’s always amazing but the some of the food (octopus) was just a titch lower than usual. Why are the stuffed calamari no longer offered? They were fantastic
Fun, vibrant, nite club
NYE party fun and festive!
Who knew about your DJ? It looked cool but who could carry on a conversation?
The music was overwhelming.
Food was top notch and so was the service.
Skip appetizers go straight for mains and sides
Venue looks stunning, and dive great dishes, and some very average (i.e. Chicken Souvlaki) Super let down by service which tainted the experience. I would not go back... Unfortunate as the place has potential!
Loudest music could not have a conversation!
Excellent food but way too noisy. Noise is oppressive.
What a great night!
Amazing Staff, Kosta behind the bar is a true artist with cocktails, there is no better Greek dinner in the city! Top my hat to Joe and his wonderful Managemnt team, truly a new NY institution in the works!
Always the best
Really great restaurant! I will definitely be coming back!
Decor and ambiance delightfully bright, welcoming. Good fresh, so good!
The greeters were warm and welcoming. The waitress was a clear professional who knew the menu and assisted with choices. Our departure was not acknowledged by anyone. The manager was attentive to the table to our right and table to our left. Completely ignored us except to retrieve the signed check. Outstanding food quality in presentation taste and selection. I would love to go back when the manager is on vacation.
Always go to the Kyma on Long Island. Gave this location a try. Very Nice atmosphere but a bit hectic the night we went. Didn't get my drink I ordered until my meal came...had to ask a few times where it was. I think because it was holiday season, they were overwhelmed but needless to say that shouldn't effect service. I ordered the Branzino and it was excellent.
Large group for lunch handled perfectly by the waitstaff. Price fix lunch menu is excellent or order from main menu you cannot go wrong. My a is not inexpensive but the food quality and consistency having been here many times is just wonderful.
It took us three tries to get seated in the dining room even though we had a reservation. We wanted the Sunset menu and had to ask for it. It was not offered. Once all that was settled the food and service were good.
Amazing ! Can’t wait to come back and experience again and also do Kyma brunch !!!!!
Too loud. I am 28 years old and I like to go to lively places: however, it is a bit absurd when you cannot hear the person sitting next to you.
It’s a really chic restaurant with delicious fresh seafood cooked in an authentic way.
We can highly recommend!!!
An ok experience - most importantly the food was very good. Some annoyances - Lots of “Upselling” which was unusual and made it feel like more of a tourist spot then a fine restaurant- we picked a wine and the waitress told us “it was not very good” (so why is it on the menu?) and suggested one of the most expensive bottles as an alternate etc. Also she wouldn’t let us put in appetizer orders with the drinks - she said they could only be ordered with main courses which I have never heard before. I questioned that and she said it was because the mains took a long time - which ended up not being the case. I guess because they wanted to hurry us along and flip the table? It’s B/B- for me.
Wonderful dining experience! Service (Olivia) was knowledgeable and friendly. The maitre d, Matt, was friendly and sincere in inquiring about our experience.
Very enjoyable and comfortable.
Tremendous food and plenty of choices. Been here often and continue to try new menu items. Fish is great, Greek salad is really incredible, the tomatoes are terrific. Octopus, bronzino, shrimp, lamb all outstanding. We will continue to go to Kyma.
Everything was delightful for this first but not last time visitor. Food was delicious, service wonderful and lovely atmosphere.
Food delicious. Restaurant very busy but noise wasn’t an issue.
The bartender Konstantinos provided us with a culinary experience with providing us details of each of the suggested food pairings. It was great experience and looking forward fining again at the bar
I was alone so I ate at the bar and really liked the bartender, she was really nice and handled a big crowd flawlessly. The food was amazing! Loved my lamb chops. Good people watching too!
Perfect setting for a business lunch. Service and ambiance are always great but, the food is the real star here!
Terrific lunch. Octopus and Branzino. Great food and a nice place to hang out in.

domain: food


text:
Nato foreign ministers have condemned the use of "excessive force" against pro-European protesters in Ukraine
Nato foreign ministers have condemned the use of "excessive force" against pro-European protesters in Ukraine after a meeting in Brussels. US Secretary of State John Kerry urged Ukraine to "listen to the voices of its people".
Earlier, Prime Minister Mykola Azarov apologised in parliament for the use of police force against protesters.
Mass protests were sparked by the government's decision not to sign an association deal with the EU last week.
Thousands demonstrated outside the parliament building in Kiev on Tuesday, with protests in the city once again continuing into the evening.
"We urge all sides to conduct themselves peacefully. Violence has no place in a modern European state," Mr Kerry told reporters.
The ministers said in a statement that they urged "Ukraine... to fully abide by its international commitments and to uphold the freedom of expression and assembly".
"We urge the government and the opposition to engage in dialogue and launch a reform process," they added.
Earlier on Tuesday, the Ukrainian parliament rejected an attempt to force the resignation of the government.
The opposition tabled the motion of no-confidence, which was defeated.
Before parliament voted on the motion, Mr Azarov addressed an emergency session:
"On behalf of our government, I would like to apologise for the actions of our law enforcement authorities on Maidan [Independence Square]," he said, referring to violence at the weekend. "The president and the government deeply regret that this happened."
Speaking above boos by opposition deputies in parliament, the prime minister called for protests outside the government buildings in Kiev to end, and appealed for Ukrainians not to return to the unrest of the Orange Revolution of 2004.
"We reach out our hand to you. Push away the plotters, the plotters seeking power and who are trying to repeat the scenario of 2004," he said.
Later he said the government was ready for dialogue with protesters but that they must "stop occupying government buildings and interfering with the work of the government administration".
On Monday, Mr Azarov had said he saw "all the signs of a coup" as protests intensified.
He said the government was aware of plans to seize the parliament building.
Demonstrators are demanding the resignation of Mr Azarov and President Viktor Yanukovych, and have called for a general strike.
Mr Yanukovych - who has gone ahead with a planned visit to China - has warned that the rallies should only be peaceful after violence at the weekend.
The main opposition leaders have condemned the violence, saying it was the work of "provocateurs".
The newspaper Ukrainska Pravda published a series of videos and photographs which it says backs up the claims.
The images appear to show a group of young men wearing masks and helmets pushing against police lines in front of the presidential building. Soon afterwards several are seen beckoning to others in the crowd and then passing through the blockade, without resistance from officers.
At least one of the men is also pictured standing uninterrupted behind the riot police.
In another development, on Monday Mr Yanukovych asked the European Commission to allow him to send a delegation for talks on "some aspects" of the EU association agreement that Ukraine had been expected to sign, officials in Brussels said.
Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso agreed to the request, but stressed the Commission was ready to discuss implementation of accords already initialled, "but not to reopen any kind of negotiations".
The protests began just over a week ago after a halt was ordered to preparations to sign a deal on closer integration with the EU.
Hundreds of people put up tents on Independence Square on Sunday night, after a mass rally that drew hundreds of thousands, amid calls for a general strike.
The headquarters of the cabinet has been blockaded, with government employees unable to reach work.
Police reinforcements are being sent to Kiev, Ukrainska Pravda reported.
For his part, President Yanukovych urged police and demonstrators to observe the law.
"Any bad peace is better than a good war," Mr Yanukovych said in a TV interview reported by his own website - his first comments on Sunday's violence.
President Vladimir Putin of neighbouring Russia blamed "outside actors" for events in Ukraine, saying they seemed "more like a rampage than a revolution."

domain: news


text: With the company's compositions, like this proposal for the Gioia Glass Pendant Lamp by Cantori, you will be able to illuminate your home in the best way, combining practicality and design. The light sources illuminate every activity in the house: each interior requires different lighting, suitable for its housing needs. Cantori guarantees the utmost excellence in terms of aesthetics and technology for each lamp, equally fundamental in the lighting sector. Consider that lamps enhance the home furnishings by creating special charming atmospheres, but they also accompany you in all your daily activities. Come and discover our line of modern interior pendant lighting and we will ensure your complete satisfaction once the project is realized.

domain: artistic


text:
The CAPCOA GHG Rx provides a secure and trusted platform supporting the creation and exchange of voluntary reductions in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from mitigation projects in California. Local mitigation projects bring economic activity and clean air co-benefits to California communities. You can view the CAPCOA GHG Rx by pointing your browser to www.ghgrx.org, or www.ghgrx.com.
May 25 (Wed)
NO BURN DAY at the request of CAL Fire due to fire safety concerns ** Call 530-332-9407 for recorded information updated daily.
Burn day – refer to your air quality burn permit for burn hours and information on requesting authorization to burn. Call 530-332-9406 for more information.
May 26 (Thur)
Burn day where burning is allowed. **Fire Agency Burn Permits are now required in all areas of Butte County. Burn hours are 6:00am – 11:00am in most areas.** Call 530-332-9407 for recorded information updated daily.
No forecast – information updated daily by 8:45 A.M.

domain: geography


text:
12:34 PM EDT 03/19/2015
Originally posted 02/05/1999 12:00AM
It's over for the Jaggers. Rolling Stone Mick Jagger and his estranged wife Jerry Hall have "amicably and formally agreed to separate," their lawyers announced in London late Friday afternoon, after the couple reached "a mutually and acceptable legal and financial settlement." Details of the financial arrangement will remain confidential, the lawyers said, per the couple's demand. The courtroom hearing for divorce of the decade, as the split-up has been called, was canceled in London Friday morning, leaving an army of reporters stranded outside the High Court, devoid of any drama.
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domain: law


- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 8
- Authors : Sonia Maria D’Souza, Chris Davis Perumal, Smitha H S
- Paper ID : IJERTCONV2IS13100
- Volume & Issue : NCRTS – 2014 (Volume 2 – Issue 13)
- Published (First Online): 30-07-2018
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Biometric Inspired Digital Image Steganography
Biometric Inspired Digital Image Steganography
Sonia Maria DSouza
Chris Davis Perumal
Smitha H S
Abstract Steganography is defined as the science of hiding
data in a transmission medium. The main objectives while hiding data are its undetectability, robustness against image processing and other attacks, also the capacity of the hidden data – how much data we can hide in the carrier; are the main factors that differentiate it from other similar techniques such as watermarking and cryptography. Steganography can be described as Cryptographys dark cousin. In this paper we discuss using human skin tone detection in colour images to form an adaptive context for an edge operator which will provide a secure location for data hiding.
Keywords Cryptography, steganalysis, Data compression, Image registration, Multimedia systems,Redundancy, Quantization,Camouflage, spatial domain, Steganoflage, Watermarking.
hen it comes to printing images and other data, the prevalent technology is based on What You See Is
What You Get (WYSIWYG). However, this does not always hold true and it would certainly not fool a Steganographer. Images can be more than what we see with our Human Visual System (HVS). For decades people strove to create methods to communicate secretly. The principles behind Steganography are described elsewhere [1, 2, 3], here we aim to provide a brief history of Steganography. The remainder of this section highlights some historical facts and attacks on methods (Steganalysis).
The word Steganography is made up of two Greek words, steganos meaning covered or concealed and graphei meaning writing. The idea has been used in various forms for thousands of years, the earliest known record dating to the 5th Century BC, a slave Histiaeus had a message tattooed on his shaved head and was later dispatched when his hair had grown back. [1, 2, 3, 4]. In Saudi Arabia at the King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology, a project was initiated to translate some ancient Arabic manuscripts on secret writing which are believed to have been written 1200 years ago, some of these manuscripts were found in Turkey and Germany. A little over 500 years ago, the Italian mathematician Jerome Cardan reinvented an ancient Chinese method of secret writing. The method goes as follows: Identical paper masks with holes are shared among two parties, one of these masks is placed over a blank paper and the sender writes his secret message through the holes
and then takes the mask off. The remaining blanks are filled so that the letter appears to be ordinary text. This method is credited to Cardan and is called the Cardan Grille .
In more recent history during World War II, the Nazis invented several Steganographic methods such as Microdots, invisible ink and null ciphers.
STEGANOGRAPHY IN DIGITAL ERA
With developments in Computing power, the internet and Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Information and Coding Theory, Steganography went Digital. The Digital World provided a whole realm of possibilities to the advancement of Steganography. Its existence has created various interesting applications of the science. Steganography does not necessarily exist in still images, hidden messages can be embedded in audios, videos and even in simpler formats such as Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Executable files (.exe), Extension Markup Language (XML). As stated earlier, steganography has very interesting applications such as in Smart IDs where the individuals details are embedded into their photographs, copyright control of materials, enhancing the robustness of image search engines, companies circulation of secret data. Other applications include audio-video synchronization. One of these applications is the use of steganography in Medical Imaging Systems where there confidentiality of the patient is of the utmost importance, it is necessary to separate the patients image data (scans, X-ray results, DNA sequences and the like) and the patient information (Name, Address and other details). However a link must be maintained between the two to avoid misreading of data. Embedding the patient data within the image could prove to be a useful safety measure. In this context, it can cause some dispute that this violates the patients data confidentiality as it becomes common knowledge that there exists decodable data within an image. It defeats the very purpose of steganography where the idea is to hide the existence of the message itself!
Inspired by the idea that Steganography can become a part of the normal printing process a Japanese firm Fujitsu is developing technology to encode data into a printed picture that is invisible to the human eye, however this data can be decoded by a mobile phone with a camera. The entire process takes less than a second as the embedded data is 12 bytes long. In the future, users will be able to use their
cellular phones to capture hidden data. The company charges a small fee for the use of the decoding software which rests on the company servers. The basic idea is to transform the image color scheme, its Hue, Saturation and Value components (HSV) before printing the image. These changes are invisible to the human eye, mobile cameras can decode the information and retrieve it.
Steganalysis is the science of attacking steganography. Its goal is to detect and/or estimate potentially hidden information from a pile of suspected data with little or no knowledge of the steganography algorithms or the image parameters. Unlike cryptanalysis where it is obvious that the intercepted data contains a message (that needs to be decrypted), steganalysis starts with a pile of suspect data files, however there is little information as to whether the files contain a payload. The steganalyst must reduce this set of data files to a subset of files that are most likely to be altered.
Steganalysis can be achieved using different image processing techniques e.g., image filtering, rotating, cropping, translating, etc., or more deliberately by coding programs to examine the stego-image structure and measure its statistical properties e.g., first order statistics (histograms), second order statistics (correlation between pixels, distance, direction) . Virus creators can exploit Steganography for their intention of spreading Trojan Horses. If that were to become a reality then anti-virus companies should not only check viruss footprints on the system but also must trace any threads embedded in image, audio, video files using Steganalysis. We classify steganalysis into two categories: Passive Steganalysis where we detect the presence or absence of a secret message in a data file or identify the type of embedding algorithm. Active Steganalysis where we estimate some properties of the message or embedding algorithm to extract a (possibly approximate) version of the secret message from a stego- message. There are some basic notes that must be observed by a Steganographer.
In the event where we have an encoded package and the originl, unmodified carrier, by comparing the package against the original file we can extract the payload by noting their differences. To avoid this situation we can create a new image and destroy it after generating the stego image. It is not advisable to embed images that are available on the World Wide Web.
In order to avoid Human Visual Perception attack, the generated stego image must not have visual artifacts. Alterations made up to the 5th LSB of any pixel yields dramatic changes that are visible.
Smooth homogenous areas must be avoided (such as a cloudless blue sky over snow), however chaotic images with natural noise background and rigid edges must be targeted.
In Section 2 we look in detail at the applications and methods that are available. We focus on spatial domain methods, frequency domain methods and adaptive methods. It is also shown that all of the Steganographic algorithms discussed here have been detected by Steganalysis and thus a robust algorithm with a high-embedding capacity must be developed. Simple edge embedding is resistant to attacks and this adaptive method is an excellent means of hiding data. We also discuss the use of human skin tone detection in a proposed Edge-embedding Adaptive Steganographic Method. We discuss this approach in Section 3.
STEGANOGRAPHY BY EXPLOITING IMAGE FORMAT
A simple form of Steganography can be accomplished by feeding the following line of code into a Microsoft XP command window:
C:\> copycover.jpg /b + Message.txt /b stego.jpg
This code appends the secret message contained within the message.txt file into the copycover.jpg file and produces the stego-image stego.jpg. The technique behind this is to abuse the use of the EOF (End Of File). It packs the message contained within the message.txt file and places it after the EOF tag in the .jpg cover image. When stego.jpg image is opened by any photo editing application, it will just display the picture and ignore any data that comes after the EOF tag. However when it is opened in Notepad, the message is displayed after some data and can be read. This method does not affect the image quality, neither the image histograms nor the visual perception can detect any difference between the two images as the secret message is hidden after the EOF tag. While this method is simple, a range of Steganography software distributed online applies it (Camouflage, JpegX, Hider, etc.) It must be noted that this simple technique would not resist any kind of editing or any attacks by Steganalysis experts.
Another simple implementation of Steganography is to append hidden data into the images Extend File Information (EXIF a standard used by digital camera manufacturers to store additional information such as the make and model of the camera, the time the picture was taken, image and exposure time and focal length). This is the metadata information that is stored at the header of the file. This method too is not a reliable one as it suffers from the same drawbacks as the previous method. Note that the text hidden can also be encrypted to add another level of security.
STEGANOGRAPHY IN SPATIAL DOMAIN
The spatial domain methods have a Steganographer modifying the secret data and the cover medium, encoding it at the level of the LSBs (Least Significant Bits). This method has more impact compared to the above mentioned two methods, despite them being simple to implement. Embedding at the 4th LSB generates a lot of visual distortion to the cover image and it appears to be non-natural.
Potdar et al.,  used this technique in producing fingerprinted secret sharing Steganography for robustness against image cropping attacks. Rather than proposing an embedding technique, their paper addresses the issue of image cropping effects. The principle behind their proposed work was to divide the cover image into sub-images; compress and encrypt the secret data. The resulting data is sub-divided and then embedded into those image portions. They stated that a Lagrange Interpolating Polynomial could be applied to recover the data. This technique had high computational load, but their algorithm parameters namely, the number of sub-images (n) and the threshold value (k) were not set to the optimal values, it left the reader to guess these values.
If n is set, for instance to 32, then we need 32 public keys, 32 persons and 32 sub-images, which is quite unpractical. Moreover, their method eliminates the occurrence of data redundancy in the stego-image. Shirali-Shahreza  exploited the Arabic and Persian punctuations to hide messages. Though their method is not related to the LSB approach, it falls under the spatial domain. Unlike English which has only two letters with dots in the lower case format (i and j), out of 32 alphabet letters in the Persian language, 18 of them have points. The secret message is binarized, and then those 18 letters points are modified according to the values in the binary file.
Color palette based Steganography exploits the smooth ramp transition in colors as indicated in the color palette. Here, the LSBs are modified based on their positions in the palette index. Johnson and Jajodia  favored the use of BMP (24-bit) instead of JPEG images. Their next-best choice was GIF files (256-color). BMP and GIF based Steganography apply LSB techniques, it must be noted that their resistance to counter attacks and compression are reported to be weak . BMP files tend to be bigger in size than other formats, rendering them improper for network transmissions. JPEG images however, were avoided at the beginning because of their compression algorithm which does not support a direct LSB embedding into the spatial domain.
Experiments on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients showed promising results and redirected
researchers attention towards this type of image. Acting at the level of DCT makes Steganography more robust and not as prone to many statistical attacks. Spatial Steganography
generates unusual patterns such as sorting of color palettes, relationships between indexed colors, exaggerated noise, etc., all of which leave traces that can be picked up by Steganalysis tools. This method is quite fragile . There is a serious conclusion drawn in the literature. LSB encoding is extremely sensitive to any kind of filtering or manipulation of the stego-image. Scaling, rotation, cropping, addition of noise, or lossy compression to the stego-image is very likely to destroy the message. Furthermore an attacker can easily remove the message by removing (zeroing) the entire LSB plane with very little change in the perceptual quality of the modified stego-image . Almost any filtering process will alter the values of many of the LSBs .
STEGANOGRAPHY IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN
New algorithms keep emerging prompted by the rapid development of technology and the need for enhanced security measures. The discovery of the LSB embedding mechanism was a breakthrough, although it is not perfect in deceiving the HVS. Its weak resistance to attacks left researchers wondering where to apply it until they successfully managed to apply it within the frequency domain. DCT is used extensively in video and image lossy compression. Each block DCT coefficents are quantized using a specific Quantization Table (QT).
Figure 1. JPEG suggested Luminance Quantization Table used in DCT loss compression. The value 16 (in bold-face) represents the DC coefficient and the other values represent AC coefficients.
The process of quantization aims to loosen up the tight precision produced by DCT while still retaining valuable information descriptors. Most of the redundant data and noise is lost at this stage hence the name lossy compression.
Steganography based on DCT JPEG compression goes through different steps as shown in Following Figure.
Figure 3. Data Flow Diagram showing a general process of embedding in the Frequency domain.
Most of the techniques here use a JPEG image as a vehicle to embed their data. JPEG compression uses DCT to transform successive sub-image blocks (8×8 pixels) into 64 DCT coefficients. Data is inserted into these coefficients insignificant bits. However, altering any single coefficient would affect the entire 64 block pixels . Since the change is operating on the frequency domain instead of the spatial domain there will be no visible changes in the cover image .
The DWT based embedding technique is still in its infancy, Paulson  reports that a group of scientists at Iowa State University are focusing on the development of an innovative application which they called Artificial Neural Network Technology for Steganography (ANNTS) aimed at detecting all present Steganography techniques including DCT, DWT and DFT. The Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (iDFT) encompasses round- off error which renders DFT improper for Steganography applications.
Adaptive Steganography is also known as Masking or Statistics-aware embedding. It combines the former two methods. This method takes statistical global features of the image before attempting to interact with its DCT coefficients. The statistics will determine where to make the changes. This method applies a random adaptive selection of pixels depending on the cover image. In a particular block, the pixels with a large local STD (Standard Deviation) are selected. This, in order to avoid areas of uniform color. e.g., smooth areas, blue sky. Applying such a method, makes the Adaptive Steganography algorithms seek images with existing or deliberately added noise and images with increased color complexity. Wayner dedicated a complete chapter in a book to what he called life in noise where he points out the usefulness of data embedding in noise. It has proven to be robust with respect to compression, cropping and image processing .
Edge-embedding is robust to many attacks, therefore this method is an excellent means of hiding data while maintaining a good quality carrier.
Object oriented steganography can strengthen the edge embedding robustness. While embedding in a carrier, recognizing and tracking the elements can help in the resistance to major image processing attacks and compression. This comes across as an adaptive intelligent type where the embedding process affects only certain areas called as Regions of Interest (ROI) rather than the entire image. With the boost of Computer Vision (CV) and pattern recognition disciplines this method can be fully automated and unsupervised. Cheddad et al.,  in their paper introduced a concept of exploiting a successful face recognition algorithm in building up a robust Stenographic method. The discovery of human skin tone uniformity in some transformed color spaces was a great achievement in the field of biometric research. It provided a simple yet real time robust algorithm. In the next section we discuss briefly skin tone detection in the color space.
Table 1. Drawback of the current methods.
-Large payload but easily
detected and defeated.
Header and EXIF
-Not robust against lossy
compression and image filters.
-Resaving the image destroys
totally the hidden data.
Direct spatial LSB
-Large payload but often offset the statistical properties of the image
-Not robust against lossy compression and image filters
-Less prone to attacks than the
former methods at the expense
-Breach of second order
-Cannot resist attacks based on
multiple image processing
EMBEDDING IN THE SKIN TINE COLOR SPACE
For image content retrieval in sequences of images (GIF, Video and such) using adaptive methods, we can use color space transformation to detect and track the presence of human skin tone. This idea emerged from the field of Biometrics, where the threefold RGB matrix of a given image is converted into different color spaces to yield distinguishable regions of skin or near skin tone. Color transformations are of the utmost importance in computer vision. There are several color spaces that exist, some of them are: RGB, CMY, XYZ, xyY, UVW, HSV, YUV,
YCbCr and such. Mostly two kinds of spaces are exploited in biometrics namely, HSV and YCbCr spaces. It has been experimentally found and theoretically proven that the distribution of human skin color constantly resides in a certain range within those two spaces since different people differ in their skin color. A color transformation map, HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) can be obtained from the RGB bases. Sobottka and Pitas defined a face localization based on HSV. They found that the human flesh could approximate a sector out of a hexagon with certain constraints.
The other utilized color mapping, YCbCr (Yellow, Chromatic blue, Chromatic red), is another transformation that belong to the family of television transmission color spaces. Hsu et al., introduced a skin detection algorithm, starting with lighting compensation, they detect faces based on the cluster in the (Cb/Y)-(Cr/Y) subspace. Lee et al., showed that the skin-tone has a center point and demonstrated a more precise model.
A. STEGANOFLAGE A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK.
Cheddad et al., in their paper proposed the idea of embedding data within the edge directions in the 2D wavelet decomposition. This method guarantees a high quality stego image. In order to overcome the problem of edge limited payload we choose video files. Spreading the hidden data along the frames of the video compensates for the drawback of the edge embedding technique.
They anticipated that Computer Vision could play a major role in this field. Successful face localization algorithms for color images exploit the fact that the human skin tone can be localized within a certain range within the transform color domain (RGB to YcbCr, HSV or Log-opponent). Steganography can benefit from this in such a way that it permits us to track and embed into the edge sequential appearances of human skin in the frames (faces in a crowd, n athlete exercising, etc.). It could also adjust the values of the human skin tone within the permissible value ranges to embed secret data.
The core of their proposal was to find spatial features in image frames, they performed skin tone detection to embed secret data in videos for the following reasons:
When the embedding is spread on the entire image (or frame) then scaling, rotation or cropping will result in the destruction of the embedded data because any reference point that can reconstruct the image will be lost. However, skin tone detection in the transformed color space ensures immunity to geometric transforms.
Their suggested scheme modifies only regions of the skin tone in the color transformed channel, this is done for imperceptibility reasons.
The skin-tone has a center point at Cb, Cr components, it can be modelled and its range is known statistically,
therefore it could be embedded safely whilst preserving these facts. No statistical breach occurs whether it is of first order or second order type.
If the image (or frame) is tampered with by a cropping process, it is more likely that the selected region will be in the safe zone, because human faces generally demonstrate the core elements in any given image and are thus protected areas (e.g. portraits).
Their Steganographic proposal is consistent within the object based coding approach followed in MPEG4 and MPEG7 standards.
Intra-Frame and Inter-Frame properties in videos provide a unique environment to deploy a secure mechanism for image based Steganography. We could embed in any frame an encrypted password and a link to the next frame holding the next portion of the hidden data in the video. This link need not be in a linear fashion.
Figure 4 shows how the proposed method preserves the quality of the original image.
Figure 4: Set A,B&C:(left) Original test images and (right) Stegoimages hiding UU template. Bottom: data to hide (University of Ulsters logo – 47×48).
Table 2. Comparisons of Stego images quality
Digital Steganography is a fascinating scientific area that falls under the domain of security systems. In this work, we have presented some basic discussions on algorithms of Steganography in digital imaging. The emerging techniques such as DCT, DWT and Adaptive Steganography are not an easy target for attacks, especially when the hidden message is small. That is because they alter bits in the transform domain, thus image distortion is kept to a minimum. Generally these methods tend to have a lower payload compared to spatial domain algorithms. There has always been a tradeoff between robustness and payload. Steganoflage, is based on edge embedding in the DWT domain using skin tone detection in RGB sequential image files. The latter compensates for the limited capacity that edge embedding techniques demonstrate. The actual elements of the image are used when hiding a message. This leads to many exciting and challenging research problems.
Johnson, N. F. and Jajodia, S.: Exploring Steganography: Seeing the Unseen. IEEE Computer, 31 (2): 26-34, Feb 1998.
Judge, J.C.: Steganography: Past, Present, Future.SANS Institute Publication, December1, 2001.Retrievedfrom: http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/stenganography
Provos, N. and Honeyman, P.: Hide and Seek: An Introduction to Steganography. IEEE Security and Privacy, 01 (3): 32-44, May-June 2003.
Moulin, P. and Koetter, R.: Data-hiding codes. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93 (12): 2083- 2126, Dec.2005.
Potdar, V. M., Han, S. and Chang,E.: Fingerprinted Secret Sharing Steganography for Robustness against Image Cropping Attacks. Proceedings of IEEE's 3rd International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Perth, Australia, 10-12 August 2005.
Shirali-Shahreza, M. H. and Shirali-Shahreza, M.: A New Approach to Persian/Arabic Text Steganography. Proceedings of 5th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS-COMSAR 2006), 10-12 July 2006, 310- 315.
Anderson, R. J and Petitcolas, F.A.P.: On the LimitsOf Steganography. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas inCommunications, 16(4): 474-481, May 1998.
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M. and Hogeg, D.: Steganalysis of JPEG Images: Breaking the F5 Algorithm. Proceedings of Information Hiding: 5th International Workshop, IH 2002 Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands, 2578/2003: 310-323, October 7-9, 2002.
Fard, A. M., Akbarzadeh-T, M. and Varasteh-A, F.: A New Genetic Algorithm Approach for Secure JPEG Steganography. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on engineering ofIntelligent Systems, 22-23 April 2006, 1- 6.
Hashad, A.I., Madani, A.S. and Wahdan, A.E.M.A.: A Robust Steganography Technique using DiscreteCosine Transform Insertion. Proceedings of IEEE/ITI 3rd International Conference on Information andCommunications Technology, Enabling Technologies for the New Knowledge Society. 5-6 Dec. 2005, 255-264.
Paulson, L. D.: New System Fights Steganography,"News Briefs," Computer, IEEE Computer Society, 39(8): 25-27, Aug, 2006.


We’re going to tackle another debate issue with this post: Single Stage Vs Two Stage Triggers! This is another of those preference things, there can be benefits to either option when considering a single stage vs a two stage trigger! Your single stage trigger is what most of us are familiar with and grew up learning to shoot on…nothing wrong with them. The two stage trigger actually has a stop, or break wall, that divides the first and second ‘stage’ from each other. This is something typically found in higher price triggers due to the complexity of the design. It does offer something your single stage does not. The question becomes, which one is right for you? Read on as we explore the differences!
Single Stage Triggers
Single stage triggers are what we are all familiar with. Every pistol on earth and most rifles are equipped with a single stage trigger. All that means is that there is one range of motion that you have to pull the trigger through to release the firing pin or striker. The nice thing about a single stage trigger is that it’s simple. No gimmicks, just a basic approach to a functioning rifle. I think most would agree the single stage triggers are both easier to adjust, and crisper in the “break” of the trigger. Everyone has their own preference for how much pressure is required to pull the trigger through it’s single stage before the rifle fires. I like a 2lb pull, myself, on a tactical rifle. That’s a happy in between for a pull weight that is neither so heavy as to induce fatigue in the trigger finger or so light that you can’t make a conscious decision to actually fire the rifle.
Single Stage Choices
There are a number of choices when it comes to single stage triggers. Timney and Jewell have long been the first choices. Jewells have a reputation for the crispest break, but they’re pricey! They also don’t have the greatest reliability in field conditions. Not a huge problem for guys that shoot Benchrest or F-Class but for the tactical guys, I’ve seen several go down at different matches. Timneys on the other hand are also adjustable and while they might not be “Jewell Crisp” they’re more than adequate for the tactical rifle scene. They also make up for what they lose in the crispy category for the leaps and bounds ahead they jump in the reliability category. I’ve had a few Timneys on different rifles and I’ve never had one lock up or go down on me. I’ve shot them in everything from snow to Midwest moon dust…the Timneys just work.
You should also consider the new TriggerTech trigger from the boys up in Canada. It features a rolling, frictionless, interface between the trigger and sear that produces a trigger pull with zero creep. We’ve been playing with one and can confirm there is absolutely no creep felt with the TriggerTech. The pull weight is adjustable with a set screw from below, without having to remove the action from the stock. The adjustment is also held by a detent, so there’s no little lock nut to loosen up or mess with when adjusting. You just turn the screw a few clicks in either direction until you achieve the pull weight you want, and bingo, you’re done! It also has a fairly insulated design like the Timney, so it isn’t likely to suffer from contamination the way a Jewell can. By far the biggest selling point is the price, at around $90 USD shipped…it beats out the Timney in the price department by around $50!
Two Stage Triggers
Two stage triggers, what’s the big deal? My first experience with these was with an AR10 I put together. It seemed like an interesting concept, so I installed a Geissele two stage trigger in the rifle. Man, what a difference! Don’t get me wrong, I’m not knocking a good, single stage trigger. However, once I played with a nice two stage trigger, I knew I was hooked! The advantage of a two stage trigger is knowing precisely when the trigger is going to break and cause the rifle to fire. As you squeeze back and apply pressure on a two stage trigger you progress through the first stage. It’s basically identical to a single stage at first. Then, instead of breaking and firing, you hit a “break wall” which is the stopping point between the first and second stages. Once at the break wall you apply a little pressure beyond what it took to get you that fire, and bang!
You might be wondering why that’s important? Well, in any kind of dynamic shooting scenario, you aren’t always blessed with a stable position to shoot from. The farther up and away from the prone position you get, the more unstable your position becomes. One of the byproducts of the stability loss is movement in your sight picture. You will start seeing the crosshairs drifting around, it happens in a sloppy figure eight sort of pattern. If you’ve ever played a videogame and used a scoped rifle you’ve probably seen what this looks like, regardless of how realistic the amount of movement may be. Knowing exactly when the trigger is going to break helps you time the shot so it breaks as your reticle drifts across the target you are trying to hit.
To put all that in a shorter, more concise way: A two stage trigger allows for better shot timing in positional shooting! Additionally, you can set the two stages up how you want them. In the case of a 2lb trigger pull you could set it for a 1lb first stage, and then an additional 1lb to get it to break. You could set the first stage up heavier, or lighter than the second, whatever you want! I think setting the first stage up for 50%-75% of the total pull weight is ideal, so when you hit the break wall, you know it’s ready to fire and it only takes a touch of additional pressure to execute the shot!
Two Stage Choices
In the two stage world, you really have two basic choices that are highly regarded. The CG Extreme two stage trigger, and the Huber Concepts two stage trigger. Some people don’t think the Huber is a true “according to Hoyle” 2 stage trigger. That thinking is flawed. I’ve got a match and some good trigger time behind the Huber on my match rifle, and it behaves exactly as a two stage trigger should! If you want to read a little about that misconception, read our article on the Huber Trigger Demo at the 2015 Sniper’s Hide Cup! The CG Extreme is also very nice and the two are priced to compete with each other. The downside to two stage triggers is the cost. It’s a more complex design and a lot of work and refinement go into producing them. The tradeoff is the hit your wallet takes! Where a nice single stage trigger will run you around $90-$150 you can expect to pay in the neighborhood of $350-$450 for a quality two stage trigger!
As I said, this is another preference thing. Some people like single stage, some like two stage. I like both, I own both, but my match gun has the Huber in it…if that’s any indication! I find the ability to set the trigger up and know exactly when it’s going to break to be invaluable in tactical style shooting. It was particularly useful at last month’s T3 Precision Rifle match. Those guys have a moving target, and they hung a small plate on it for this month’s match. Being able to feel the stop, and get set, allowed me to skip ahead of it and accurately engage it. I’m not saying it couldn’t be done with a single stage. I do think that it’s harder to get the shot to break, particularly if you are “trapping” the mover, when you have a single stage trigger.
I think two stage triggers are nice and if you can try one, even dry firing somebody else’s gun…you should! I liked the Huber enough just putting a few rounds through it to buy one. You might have a similar experience if afforded the opportunity to try one. Likewise, if you decide it’s not your thing, better to know that before plunking down three or four bills for the purchase! If you have a preference of one over the other, or some experience with one of the models we discussed that you want to share…please do so below in the comments!
Owner and Proprietor of AccuracyTech, LLC. Rich is a Firearms Enthusiast, Precision Rifle Competitor, and Writer. He is committed to bringing readers quality reviews and articles related to the Precision Shooting Sports. If you have any questions for him, please use the contact form on the site.


text:
Oh, what I’d give to own some of these peonies! At least I have the photos now.
Here’s a little trio, showing the different stages of bloom. The color is something else, hmmm?
I call this one “lit from within” because of the way the sun hits it. Nature really does pink well, in my humble opinion.
Here’s a dark pink that appears to be “floating”:
Again, if you’d like to see these larger, or if you’d like to see my entire “photostream” on Flickr, just click on any photo and you’re there.
This one looks more like a rosa rugosa, but it is indeed a peony near the end of its bloom. I love the spring green/pink combination here.
Never knew what “bokeh” was until I joined Flickr. It’s the soft, out-of-focus area caused by shallow depth of field. I deliberately had the lens pretty wide open because I wanted a closeup of the flower without a distracting background. I’m also using a macro lens. And I’m still learning my way around a new camera.
One more. “Looking upward.”
Have a good one….
If you are so good at seeing colour, why wouldn’t you paint? Shouldn’t you learn how to paint?
The reason I am asking is that any drawing and painting, even unfinished or beginnerish in style or colour, somehow lasts longer, is remembered longer.
There is even something sad in looking at old photos.
I agree with a lot of what you say. The longevity factor was brought home to me recently while browsing in an antique store. They were charging a LOT of money for really medicore paintings, just because they were old. I don’t feel the need for immortality, but I do want to study painting.
Thank you for your comments. They made me think.
I didn’t mean immortality.
I don’t know why old photos, even if they are not of people, are somehow painful to see and paintings or drawings, even of the helpless kind, make one smile and perk up.
Another thing is that it is easy to remember drawings, but photos vanish from memory in a very short time.
I think it’s kind of sad to see old photos of people in an antique store. They make me wonder why the family didn’t keep them. Did they need the money, or did they just not care? I hope my family photos stay in the family.
A painting is definitely less personal to me. It’s one step removed–an interpretation of something that once was. Therefore less poignant?


The following question are about the nuclear reactor of a power plant.
Will the fuel rods last for ever?
No. But a nuclear power plant can work day and night for two to three years on the same uranium fuel.
Is there an error in this question or solution?
Video Tutorials For All Subjects
- Alternative or Non-conventional Sources of Energy - Nuclear Energy


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Gewiss 90 ReStart
Gewiss 90 Restart is the only auto reclosing device for RCCB that tests the working condition of paired device, without interrupting the associated power supply. In the event that the residual current device trips, ReStart will test the circuit after a trip and if safe, only if it is safe it will restore the supply. These nuisance trips are not only an inconvenience, but they can cause major problems within industry; with unnecessary downtime, loss of stock (for example in temperature controlled environments) resulting in loss of customer satisfaction if services are interrupted, there are many more issues. The cost of this can be enormous.
Thanks to the innovative control logic, Autotest is able to periodically and automatically test the working of the residual current device, without ever removing the power supply from the system. PRO versions are available for a continuous monitoring system.
In fact the system check will be carried out at regular intervals until the fault clears and the device can be safely, automatically reclosed. Moreover ReStart Rm TOP version is available.
It allows to:
- set the reclosing mode (with system check, by attempts or remote)
- select the insulation threshold
- set the reclosing time delay
- Country of Origin
- Made in Italy
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text:
Available in storeClose
Sterling Silver or 18k Gold Vermeil plated over Sterling Silver
Vermeil is Sterling Silver that is plated in 18k Gold or 18k Rose Gold. Plating is heavier than our fashion jewelry, making it more resistant to signs of wear. Learn More About Metals & Care
16" L chain, 2" extender with a lobster clasp
Please note: Due to the one-of-a-kind nature of the medium, exact colors and patterns may vary slightly from the image shown.

domain: design


text:
Supporting parents of premature babies
Being the parents of a premature baby can be very stressful. Mums and dads of premature babies often go through a lot of emotional ups and downs in the early weeks and months of their baby’s life.
When they get practical help and emotional support from family and friends, parents often cope a lot better with the experience. And when they’re managing well, they’re better able to look after their baby.
Here’s how you can help.
1. Celebrate as you normally would when a baby is born
Offer congratulations, send a card or flowers, and ring the new parents. By celebrating the birth of their baby in this way, you’re helping them celebrate as well. Give a gift, if this is what you’d normally do. Small gifts for the parents can help them feel nurtured too.
If you’re thinking of giving clothes for the baby, make sure they’re very easy to put on and take off – loose necklines and armholes are good. Size 00000 clothes can also be useful, because many parents won’t have bought these smaller sizes. Baby clothes for later are wonderful, because they’ll help the parents think about the future, when their child is at home.
Other gifts could include a voucher for hospital parking, or for a restaurant close to the hospital so that parents can have a meal and some time together but not be not far away from their baby. A disposable camera for nurses to take photos of the baby when the parents aren’t there can also be a good idea.
– Mother of 35-week premature baby
2. Offer practical help
Parents will be visiting the hospital as often and for as long as they can for days, weeks or months to come. This means that the normal chores of everyday life are hard to fit in or don’t get done, which can be stressful.
You could offer to mow the lawn, walk the dog, prepare meals, do the weekly shopping, take older siblings to kinder or school or look after the other children in the evening. Giving parents a lift to the hospital can be a big help too, because parking and transport can be very expensive.
3. Support the parents in whatever way they need
It’s OK to ask parents what they need. Some parents want to shut themselves off and cope with the situation alone or with a few close friends and family. Respect their wishes, but at the same time let them know that you’re thinking of them. You could try to offer help at different times.
Some parents need lots of people around for support. These parents might love having company at the hospital. You could offer to drive, have lunch or just sit with them. Some parents want to talk about things other than the baby. Parents’ needs can change as their baby grows and changes.
– Mother of a 28-week premature baby
4. Stay in touch
A text message, an email, a quick phone call or voice message, or even an old-fashioned card in the mail – these are simple ways to let parents know you’re thinking of them. They help parents feel supported and remembered.
Try to understand how stressed the parents are and avoid judging them if they forget a birthday, can’t get to a family gathering or take less interest in what’s happening in your life. It’s not that they don’t care – it’s just that right now, all their energy and focus is on their baby.
– Mother of 27-week premature baby
5. Say positive things
Avoid talking about setbacks that might happen or challenges that the baby could face, unless the parents bring it up with you. Avoid giving advice about the baby or comparing the parents’ experience with the experiences of other parents or children. Say positive things instead. For example, ‘She’s growing fast already’, or ‘He’s strong like his mum’.
6. Don’t expect to be able to cuddle the baby
Premature babies are very sensitive to touch, noise, infection and other things in their environment, so cuddling or touching is often limited or not allowed. Parents can also be very protective of their premature babies.
You might not even be able to see the baby, because there are usually limits on the number of visitors allowed at a time. Often, it’s only two. Usually only family is allowed – sometimes this is only the baby’s parents. Each hospital has its own set of rules. Instead, you could ask to see some photos of the baby (if the parent feels up to sharing them) or have a coffee with the parents at the hospital café.
Don’t be surprised if you still can’t have a good cuddle when the baby goes home. Premature babies can be easily overwhelmed, and many still need to be protected from too much handling and too many new people for some time.
7. Listen to parents
Parents are likely to have mixed and powerful feelings about their premature baby and their experiences of the birth or hospital. These might not surface for weeks, months or even years.
Be open, let them talk and avoid giving advice unless it’s asked for. Avoid comparing them with other parents who’ve had a hard time and try not to be too negative or too positive. This can be tricky, but if you listen more than talk and follow the lead of the premature baby’s parents, you’re more likely to be helpful.
8. Keep offering help after the baby comes home
Your family member or friend might be tied to the house for some weeks once the baby comes home. Having someone organise shopping or kinder and school runs can be helpful.

domain: sociology


text:
Lil Durk Speaks: "The Goal Is Not To Go To Jail"
Lil Durk is the voice of the streets, but he won’t be showing out like that on social media. While he’s well-respected wherever he moves, the Chicago rapper isn’t planning on returning to jail so he’s making steps to reduce his street activity… on social media, at least.
Seeing a bunch of his peers get locked up for their moves, including Casanova, YNW Melly, Lil Loaded, and, most recently, Yella Beezy, Lil Durk doesn’t want to be the next superstar rapper to get arrested so he’s keeping his social activity to a minimum in an effort to not dry-snitch on himself or his OTF homies. He clarified why he’s been more careful on Twitter.

domain: entertainment


text:
There are dozens of books extolling the claims of detoxing; here are some of the most popular, according to amazon.com.
- "The New Detox Diet: The Complete Guide for Lifelong Vitality," by Elson M. Haas, M.D., $16.95. This common-sense handbook is grounded in reality and contains excellent recipes and menu plans.
- "The Detox Solution: The Missing Link to Radiant Health, Abundant Energy, Ideal Weight and Peace of Mind," by Dr. Patricia Fitzgerald, $19.95. Fitzgerald's book contains good nutritional information and explores more of the emotional connections to losing touch with one's body.
- "Detox for Life: Detox Your Mind, Body, Relationships and Home," by Josephine Collins, $19.95. This pretty coffee-table book has some useful diet-detox tips (a great chart on herbs and their uses) and lots of other marginal info ("Ten Tips for Flirting").


text:
CORAL GLADES 1, MONARCH 1: Katie Horne scored the lone goal for the Jaguars (6-3-2). The Knights are 5-2-3.
CORAL SPRINGS 2, DEERFIELD BEACH 1: Priscilla Rodrigues and Rachel Armely both scored second half goals to lift the Colts (2-7) to the win. Priscilla Leiva scored for the Bucks (4-6).
ARCHBISHOP MCCARTHY 8, STRANAHAN 0: Colleen Becker scored two goals for the Mavericks (9-3). The Dragons are 2-6-1.
SAGEMONT 5, HIGHLANDS CHRISTIAN 0: Jessica Jahoda scored five goals for the Lions (4-3-1). The Knights are 3-3.

domain: game


BMW shows its SUV flagship X7 For Next Year, just call it 2020 BMW X7. It is designed to accommodate up to seven people and a “new definition” of luxury. Plus: The biggest BMW kidney of all time.
A kidney enlargement is usually not a good sign. Kidney stones or pyelitis may be the cause. Sometimes one kidney also grows because the other does not work properly anymore. That’s not nice. At BMW, you do not have to be worried about a medical point of view. The enlargement of the trademark is planned.
The 2020 BMW X7, which will be launched in 2019, has reached its peak. The “biggest kidney in BMW history” pushes the X7 through the wind. Is so far the biggest SUV in BMW history so far. At 5.15 meters in length, he just barely towers over a Mercedes GLS. In height, he remains with a good 1.80 meters even five inches lower than the Mercedes SUV. But what we consider to be big is elsewhere (say: in the US) still expandable. A Cadillac Escalade or a Chevrolet Suburban pack on with the 5.70 meters in length loose half a meter in length.
2020 BMW X7 Design & Dimensions – Big SUV With 7 Seat
The 2020 BMW X7 also offers as standard space for seven people. If you only want to travel six, you can order two single seats for the second row of seats. They can be adjusted and moved in the same way as the seats for driver and front passenger. The middle bank moves forward by up to 14.5 centimeters. In row three, two adults should be able to handle well on longer distances. Pretty much all seat adjusters work electrically and from all kinds of places.
Thanks to the sumptuous dimensions of the X7 brings in full seating still 326 liters of luggage in the trunk – after all, small car level. Tucked away from all the seats, the trunk volume in the BMW X7 increases up to 2,120 liters. Loading is by a two-piece, electrically operated tailgate. The loading sill can be lowered thanks to the standard air suspension.
BMW X7 dimensions:
- Length: 5.151 m
- Width: 2,000 m
- Height: 1,805 m
- Wheelbase: 3.105 m
- Boot volume: 326-2,120 liters
- Weight: 2.395-2.535 kg
As standard, a three-piece panoramic glass roof lets light into the interior. It can also be darkened from the third row by pressing a button. As an option, there is “Sky Lounge” LED light in the glass roof, which should remind of the starry sky in the dark.
Where others can accommodate a maximum of three climate zones, the BMW X7 already has four as standard. Optionally, there is a 5-zone automatic climate control, with operation from row three. Only for the driver and front passenger, there are cup holders that warm and cool. All inmates are allowed to enjoy up to eight fragrances and ambient light with six shades, well? Clear that there is an additional charge for an entertainment system for the rear passengers. However only until row two. In the third row, BMW brings two USB ports.
2020 BMW X7 Engine Specs
Dangers in the X7 initially exclusively with conventional burners. They tend to be quite large, but not everywhere of the same cubature. So offers BMW in Europe no V8 petrol engine, here is the 2020 BMW X7 xDrive40i the only gasoline engine for the time being. He draws 340 hp from six cylinders and 3.0 liters of displacement. In addition to the market launch two diesel.
The X7 xDrive30d is powered by a straight-six with 3.0 liters and 265 hp. The top model is the X7 M50d. Here is also a Reihensechser used, but BMW brings him with four turbochargers to 400 hp and a torque of 760 Newton meters. Tempo 100 he should reach in 5.4 seconds. A plug-in hybrid announces BMW yet, the IAA study of 2017, however, had such a powertrain. We expect that BMW complies with him in the production model.
All engines BMW combines with the well-known eight-speed automatic transmission from ZF. However, it has been revised. A new control electronics and a wider spread to make them more efficient. Especially in the upper gears, the speed level was lowered. In addition, the transmission should be able to switch both more comfortable and more dynamic depending on the selected mode. The power is always fully variable to all four wheels. The M50d has a limited slip differential on the rear axle as standard.
2020 BMW X7 Specifications
|model||BMW X7 xDrive40i||BMW X7 xDrive50i||BMW X7 xDrive30d||BMW X7 M50d|
|engine||3.0-liter gasoline engine||4.4-liter V-8 gasoline engine||3.0-liter diesel R6||3.0-liter diesel R6|
|power||340 hp (250 kW)||462 hp (340 kW)||265 hp (195 kW)||400 hp (294 kW)|
|torque||450 Nm||650 Nm||620 Nm||760 Nm|
|0-100 km / h||6.1 s||5.4 s||7.0 s||5.4 s|
|speed||245 km / h||250 km / h||227 km / h||250 km / h|
|consumption||9.0-8.7 l||11.4 l||6.8-6.5 l||7.4-7.0 l|
|CO2 emissions||205-198 g||261 g||178-171 g||193-185 g|
The BMW X7 springs with air on both axles as standard. All four wheels are controlled individually so that the chassis can also compensate for uneven loading. In sports mode and from 138 km / h, the body also lowered by 20 millimeters. At the push of a button, the ground clearance can be increased by 40 millimeters.
For more agility and stability, BMW offers optional Integral Active Steering in the X7, where the rear wheels turn against or with the front wheels depending on the speed. Also optionally there is an electrically active roll stabilization. With the off-road package X7, 40i and 30d are a bit off-road. The four driving modes xSnow, and, xGravel and xRocks are added, which can be selected by pressing a button on the center console.
For assistance and infotainment, the X7 remains at the level of the recently introduced little brother BMW X5. With the “Intelligent Personal Assistant”, the X7 understands language, learns the habits of the driver and can be partially controlled by hand gestures. For the first time, BMW is installing the digital instrument carrier with a 12.3-inch screen as standard. The equally large infotainment screen is also always on board.
With the complete package “Driving Assistant Professional”, the X7 drives partially autonomously. It brakes in a traffic jam to a standstill and drives back on its own within 30 seconds. Detected speed limits can be taken over by the driver. The X7 automatically changes lanes with the turn signal.
2020 BMW X7 – Surprisingly Wort it
This helps the SUV in evading, warns of cross traffic and drives up to 50 meters alone backward. Theoretically, the assistance package also includes an emergency stop assistant, which can bring the car to a stop on the shoulder in an emergency. However, BMW does not offer the function in Europe.
He is more of a car for the US anyway, the BMW X7. It will be built at the BMW plant in Spartanburg and will be presented to the public at the Los Angeles Motor Show at the end of November. In the US, most copies are likely to come on the streets. Because he falls thanks to the sometimes much larger competition not soon.
2020 BMW X7 Release Date and Price
Sales start for the 2020 BMW X7 is in March 2019, prices start at 84,300 euros for the X7 xDrive30d, the gasoline xDrive40i costs from 86,300 euros. Preliminary top model is the M50d for at least 109,900 euros.


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Investing in emerging markets has always been an attractive option for investors looking to diversify their portfolios and capitalize on the potential for high returns. These markets, which are typically found in developing countries, offer a range of opportunities for those willing to take on the associated risks. However, investing in emerging markets also comes with its own set of challenges that investors should be aware of before diving in.
One of the key opportunities in emerging markets is the potential for higher returns compared to developed markets. With rapidly growing populations and economies, emerging markets offer the promise of substantial growth and a burgeoning middle class with increasing purchasing power. This can lead to attractive investment opportunities in various sectors, including technology, consumer goods, and infrastructure development.
Additionally, emerging markets often have lower valuations compared to developed markets, making them an appealing option for value investors seeking undervalued companies with strong growth potential. This can provide an opportunity for significant capital appreciation over the long term.
Furthermore, investing in emerging markets allows for geographical diversification, which can help mitigate risk and protect against the potential impact of economic downturns in specific regions. By spreading investment across different markets, investors can reduce their exposure to any single country or region, enhancing the overall stability of their portfolio.
However, investing in emerging markets also presents a range of challenges that investors need to carefully consider. One such challenge is the increased risk associated with investing in these markets. Political instability, regulatory changes, and currency fluctuations can all impact the performance of investments in emerging markets, making them more volatile than their developed market counterparts.
Additionally, emerging markets may lack the same level of transparency and regulatory oversight as developed markets, making it harder for investors to conduct thorough due diligence and assess the true financial health of companies. This can lead to a higher level of risk and potential for fraudulent activities.
Furthermore, emerging markets may also be susceptible to economic shocks, such as financial crises or commodity price fluctuations, which can have a significant impact on investment performance. Investors need to be prepared for the potential for sudden and unpredictable changes in market conditions.
Despite these challenges, many investors continue to see the potential for attractive returns in emerging markets. However, it’s important for investors to approach these markets with caution and conduct thorough research before making investment decisions. Partnering with local experts or investment professionals who have an understanding of the specific nuances of emerging market investing can also be beneficial in navigating the potential risks and opportunities.
In conclusion, investing in emerging markets offers a range of opportunities for investors seeking higher returns and geographical diversification. However, it also comes with its own set of challenges, including increased risk and potential for volatility. By carefully considering these factors and conducting thorough due diligence, investors can navigate the complexities of emerging market investing and potentially capitalize on the promising growth opportunities these markets offer.

domain: finance


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After releasing his Seasons EP and it’s single “Simple”, life for Jay Solstice has been anything but that.
Sitting at the crossroads of life between independent success and mainstream fame, the Camden native does the one thing he knows best… put it in his music. Breaking it down to as simple as sitting at the crosswalk.
Check out Jay Solstice's“Bair Blvd | Rand St” below.
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Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have complex unique post-operative care needs. Limited data assess parents’ hospital discharge preparedness and education quality following cardiac surgery. The goals were to identify knowledge gaps in discharge preparedness after congenital heart surgery and to assess the acceptability of an educational mobile application to improve discharge preparedness.
Telephonic interviews with parents of children with two-ventricle physiology who underwent cardiac surgery 5–7 days post-discharge and in-person interviews with clinicians were conducted. We collected parent and clinician demographics, parent health literacy information and patient clinical data. We analysed interview transcripts using summative content analysis.
We interviewed 26 parents and 6 clinicians. Twenty-two of the 26 (85%) parents felt ready for discharge; 4 of the 6 (67%) clinicians did not feel most parents were ready for discharge. Fifteen of the 26 parents (58%) reported receiving the majority of discharge teaching on the day of discharge. Eight parents did not feel like all of their questions were answered. Most parents (14/26, 54%) preferred visual educational learning aids and could accurately describe important aspects of care. Most parents (23/26, 88%) and all 6 clinicians felt a mobile application for post-operative care education would be helpful.
Most parents received education on the day of discharge and could describe the information they received prior to discharge, although there were some preparedness gaps identified after discharge. Clinicians and parents varied in their perceptions of the readiness for discharge. Most responses suggest that a mobile application for discharge education may be helpful for transition to home.
Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders developed in response to the realization that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not appropriate for all patients, particularly those with terminal illness and otherwise dismal prognosis. Pediatric patients may or may not have the capacity to participate in medical decision making. Parents function as surrogate decision-makers, acting in the overall best interest of the child. This chapter explains CPR, citing the case study of a 4-year-old boy with metastatic neuroblastoma undergoing stem cell transplantation following intensive chemotherapy and radiation. CPR became a nearly ubiquitous final procedure for all hospitalized patients experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest, regardless of circumstances. Automatic suspension of DNR orders in the setting of anesthesia and surgery does not sufficiently recognize patients' rights to self-determination. When patients or their surrogate decision-makers, such as parents, do not wish to suspend DNR orders in the setting of surgery, few ethical arguments support ignoring their wishes.

domain: medical


2-day event to feature latest in green technology
NIAGARA REGION, ON, May 2, 2012 /CNW/ - Niagara will be the site of the 7th annual Green Fleet Expo (GFX) - a two-day conference and trade show developed for municipalities interested in greening their fleets.
Niagara Region and the Ontario Ministry of Transportation are partnering with the City of Toronto, Electric Mobility Canada and Fleet Challenge Ontario to host the event.
The event will take place June 21 and 22 in Thorold at the Sheraton Four Points, 3530 Schmon Parkway.
"The annual GFX showcases the latest advances in green technology available for municipal and private sector fleets," said Kim Coz, Associate Director, Transportation Services, Niagara Region. "Ultimately, GFX seeks to help organizations operate fleets that are as efficient and environmentally friendly as possible. Fleet managers and other participants can learn about the latest green fleet technologies as well as best management practices."
The event is open to anyone with an interest in automobile green technology and includes seminars, expert panel discussions, manufacturer exhibits and "ride and drive" demonstrations. More than 20 different vehicles will be on display and available for test driving.
Event details, including the agenda, list of speakers, and fees are available at Green Fleet Expo 2012.
For further information:
905-685-4225 ext. 3621 or 1-800-263-7215


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The Polish foreign minister, speaking at a UN panel discussion, urged Moscow to respect human and minority rights in Crimea, which Russia annexed from Ukraine in 2014.
First celebrated on 26th January 2001, the theme of this year’s Muslim Day is ‘Christians and Muslims: protecting places of worship together’. Due to the Coronavirus pandemic this year’s celebrations will be the first to be broadcast live via YouTube.
The map will highlight Islamic sites and contain interviews with leading Muslims in Poland.
Every Friday catch up on our editor’s top pick of news about Poland, including politics, business, life and culture. To receive your free email subscription, sign up today.


Our man in Europe, Ian delivers a monthly dose of those tasty rumors and hearsay from across the pond that make up our Euro Gossip column.
The KTM Race and Stunt 125 concepts revealed at Milan last year.
The weather over here in Europe for the past month has been pretty horrendous for motorcycling. Not only in terms of lack of riding, but it has meant that the motorcycle industry news has been pretty quiet, with very little happening in the way of leaks or sightings. Even the traditional warmer European circuits have seen little in the way of prototype testing taking place.
Certainly given the economic climate this has not helped the road to recovery, but as you will see from this month’s offering, there are a still a few glimmers of hope for a better year to come. At the risk of being accused of patriotic flag waving, this is highlighted by Triumph’s recently released figures showing their increase in market share!
Pictures are now leaking out from KTM of the new 125’s that are being built in India by its partner Bajaj. The four-stroke ‘Stunt’ looks almost identical to the concept model seen at the Milan show last November along with the ‘Race’ model. Sources claim the bike is undergoing final endurance testing and will be shown in final form at the end of this year for production in 2011 with the Race following soon after.
Bosch continues to be on the leading edge of motorcycle safety recieving an award from the ADAC.
German automotive component supplier Bosch has been awarded a prestigious ‘Gelber Engel’ (yellow angel) award, by the massive German ADAC motoring organization. The award is in recognition of the part that Bosch’s new motorcycle ABS is playing in motorcycle safety.
Bosch has actually been manufacturing brake control systems for motorcycles since 1994, but while all of the previous systems have been based on passenger car technology its new ‘Generation 9’ has been developed specifically for motorcycles at the Bosch competence center in Japan. Another big plus with the new system is that it is based on a modular design, allowing various levels of sophistication to be selected from a base system with basic functions, to a high-performance version. In the simplest version it weighs just 0.7 kilograms (1.54 lbs) and is half the size and weight of the previous Bosch units. Now in production, it is hoped that it will lead to more motorcycles being fitted with what many believe is a serious life saving aid.
Currently figures show only ten percent of new motorcycles manufactured in Europe are equipped with ABS, while taken on a worldwide basis, the figure drops to just one percent. In the passenger car market 80% have ABS as standard, but for the same distance traveled, the risk of being involved in a fatal collision for a motorcyclist is twenty times greater than a car driver in Europe. Various studies throughout the world, including the USA, show the risk of being killed is considerably reduced if ABS is fitted.
BMW’s 1 millionth ABS equipped motorcycle rolled off the assembly line, a BMW K1300R.
The foregoing is of course something that BMW Motorcycles would agree with, having just announced it has just produced its millionth motorcycle equipped with its integral ABS system. The K1300R left the Berlin Spandau factory to join the other machines on the road that got the integral system in the last 21 years of production. Currently 90% of all BMW machines are now supplied with ABS and apart from the Enduro 450X, every machine is either fitted as standard or has the ABS as an optional extra.
Rest of the World
With the markets growing in China, many manufacturers are increasing presence there by showing their latest offerings at the 8th China International Motorcycle Trade Exhibition.
Many motorcycle companies worldwide have joint venture operations with Chinese companies, so it was no surprise to see brands such as Harley-Davidson, Ducati, Piaggio and even Japanese manufacturers such as Yamaha and Suzuki exhibited at the 8th China International Motorcycle Trade Exhibition.
Held at the Chongging Exhibition Centre, which is the heart of China’s motorcycle manufacturing region, it attracted in excess of 140,000 trade visitors, 333 exhibitors and 27 manufacturers exhibiting over 1000 motorcycles. According to the recently release figures visitors came from over 40 countries.
None of the figures are surprising when you consider that of the 50 million machines sold worldwide, 27 million came from Japan. With 1.3 billion people living in China now demanding more mobility, their motorcycle market and potential sales are still on the increase even if other markets are shrinking!
Mira Motorcycles is bringing its MT80 to life, with a 250cc not far behind.
Mira Motorcycles is a new company based in Auckland, New Zealand, with an assembly plant in ChongQing, China. It has now announced it is ready to launch its own range of machines first shown as prototypes two years ago. The water-cooled 80cc two-stroke is available in Motocross and Motard versions and there is a 250cc four-stroke already under development.


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Some Chemical Carcinogens for Leukaemia Induction and Their Animal Models
Annual Research & Review in Biology,
Animal models have been providing invaluable contributions to the better understanding of mechanisms of cancer (including leukaemias) development and effectiveness of most of the treatments. Chemical carcinogens are generally used to study the biology of cancers including leukaemias in many animal models, including rats and mice. The studies in most cases are aimed at the development and evaluation of cancer treatments and preventions. Some of the most common chemical carcinogens used in animal models for leukaemias include N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). This review provides highlights on different animal models of leukaemia induced by the chemical carcinogens mentioned earlier, at the same time discussing the contributions of these models to the leukaemia diagnosis in laboratory animal models for subsequent development of treatment.
- Animal model
- Dimethyl Benzanthracene (DMBA)
- Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP)
- Leukaemia, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)
- N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).
How to Cite
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Macejová D, Brtko J. Chemically induced carcinogenesis: A comparison of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracen e,diethylnitroso-amine and azoxymethan models (minireview). Endocr Regul. 2001; 35(1):53–9.
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[Cited 2017 May 5]
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domain: literature