(Below) Publicity views include two (left & center) taken from an advert from 1935 featuring the first order of Sulzer powered locomotives to Siam, whilst (right) shows No.503 in service at Bangkok.
At least two of these locomotives saw service into the 1990's under the ownership of the Jalan Prathan Cement Company at their Ban Sa plant near Ban Cha-am - Km 203 - on the SRT's southern line. A branch line connected with the station to their plant. The two locomotives were 504 (21828 – 1931) and 505 (21829 – 1931). 504 was noted in a shed, perhaps operational whilst 505 was plinthed near the works office.
January 2008 - 505 remains plinthed in front of the sales office of the cement works. It is located in a garden under some trees, not a photogenic location. Externally the locomotive itself is not in a too bad shape, however it is completely gutted, using it as a conference room... It was advised they do not own 504 anymore, and had been moved to a scrapyard. Information courtesy Patrick Rudin.
The Second World War
As mentioned above one of the original order of the 450hp Sulzer locomotives was destroyed by enemy action during World War II. Although not a statistic to linger over this locomotive probably has the dubious honour of being the only Sulzer powered locomotive destroyed during wartime.
However this individual loss palled in comparison with what the country suffered and the railways in general through actions taken by the Japanese, or the Allied bombing missions.
Twenty two principal station yards and signalling centers were bombed, with several being completely destroyed. Twenty five miles of track were torn up. The railway's primary workshops at Makasan, Bangkok sustained severe damage with over twenty buildings destroyed.
The general rolling stock suffered greatly. Of the 186 steam locomotives on the roster in 1939, 105 suffered damage of some sort, of these 78 would be scrapped. Two diesel electric locomotives were destroyed as were thirteen passenger coaches. Over 50% of the freight wagons were missing, either destroyed or could not be accounted for, some no doubt removed by the Japanese.
However perhaps the greatest loss was the destruction by bombing of 28 steel bridges. The loss of three of these bridges in particular caused tremendous difficulties to the resumption of traffic after hostilities had ceased.
Rama VI Bridge across the Menam Chao Phya
connects Bangkok with the southern line - this bridge consisted of five spans totalling 445 metres, rebuilt to carry the railway line, a roadway and two footways. Reopened to traffic December 12th 1953
Surat (Chulachomkloa) Bridge across the Menam Tapi
on the southern line 633 km south of Bangkok - this bridge consisted of three spans totalling 200 metres, rebuilt to carry the railway, a roadway and one footpath. Reopened to traffic February 16th 1953
Bandara (Paramindhara) Bridge across the Menam Nan
on the northern line 456 km north of Bangkok - this bridge consisted of three spans totalling 262 metres, rebuilt to carry the railway and one footpath. Reopened to traffic March 14th 1953
The original bridges had been designed for an axle loading of between 8.00 and 10.50 metric tons, the new bridges were designed with axle loadings up to 15 metric tons. In each case the foundations of the piers and abutments were reused requiring the bridges superstructure to be kept as light as possible despite the increased axle loadings. This was accomplished by the use of high tensile steel, the allowable stresses permitted were much higher than those offered by the use of heavier mild steel. The cost of rebuilding the three bridges totalled Thai Baht 54,486,722.
By January 1946 traffic was able to resume on all lines, made possible by work carried out by railway workers and with assistance from British military forces. Temporary bridges were constructed at Rajburi & Bandara. For the larger bridges at Rama VI and Surat ferries were brought into operation with quays built from pontoon and bailey bridge units. The ferries were capable of handling one locomotive or two freight cars. The temporary facilities would remain in place until new bridges were installed in 1953, as detailed above.
The lack of materials meant that repair work could not be completed as quickly as possible, fortunately rolling stock made surplus by the end of wartime activities provided the opportunity for the Thailand railways to make temporary progress in meeting traffic demands. This surplus stock included 68 steam locomotives and 675 bogie freight cars obtained from the USA, India & Malaya. This stopgap measured allowed the railway to meet increasing demand pending more permanent solutions. By 1950 long term rehabilitation projects were returning the railway to its prewar condition and by 1953 the following were ordered or in the process of being delivered:
70 2-8-2 steam locomotives from Japan
30 4-6-2 steam locomotives from Japan
18 Davenport diesels of 500hp from the USA
4 diesels of 735hp from Switzerland
3 diesels of 960hp from Switzerland
260 passenger carriages from Japan
1,000 four wheel covered goods wagons from Japan
220 low sided wagons from Belgium
10 bogie water tanks from Japan
Materials to rebuild and update Makasan Workshops
36,700 metric tons of 60lb rail from the USA & the United Kingdom
1,100 sets of turnouts (points) from the USA, United Kingdom & Japan
Steel bridge spans from Japan to replace 25 bridges.
Total estimated cost of the refurbishment was Thai Baht 537,000,000, of which 47% went to rebuilding the infrastructure - permanent way, bridges, buildings etc.
Bo-Bo 735hp locomotives of 1945/46 delivery
651 - 654
For the longer and heavier graded southern mainline from Bangkok to Singpore (750 miles) & the northern mainline from Bangkok to Chieng Mai (470 miles) the RSR looked for more powerful locomotives. The good service record of the first order of Sulzer powered locomotives led to the placing of a further order with Sulzer Brothers.
Sulzer were able to provide a more powerful engine in this second order (430hp v 735hp), and were able to construct the locomotives using newer weight saving methods, allowing for the use of only four axles to carry the locomotive weight, rather than six axles as in the first order. The mechanical portion was built by Henschel & Sons, Kassel, the electrical equipment by Ateliers de Construction Oerlikon, whilst Sulzer, Winterthur built the power unit.
The 6LDA25 power unit was a six cylinder four stroke machine of conventional Sulzer construction. Cylinder diameter was 250mm, piston stroke was 320mm. The one hour output rating 735hp at 850rpm, continuous rating was 650hp at 750rpm. Tractive effort was 9,200lb at 17.5mph (one hour rating) or 6,800lb at 22.5mph (continuous rating).
The heart of the machine, the Sulzer 6LDA25 looking towards the radiator end of the locomotive.
The outward appearance of the 1945/46 deliveries differed somewhat from that of the 1931/32 order. Weight saving was achieved by replacing standard rolled sections with bent sheet metal parts riveted or welded. Much welding was used to create the main structural members and the bogie frames. For instance the horizontal middle and upper transoms, when fabricated using the latest procedures were forty percent lighter with a sixty five percent higher bending resistance.
One major design change from the first order was the position of the intakes for receiving air for the traction motors. In the first order the cooling air was drawn from underneath the locomotive body. This location caused inordinate amounts of dust to be drawn in causing serious operating problems for the traction motors. For the second order air was drawn in from the region of the cab roof, which also provided for improved air circulation within the cabs.
Termite damage to the wooden surfaces in the cabs was mitigated through the use of impregnated plywood or teak.
Testing of the first locomotive took place in June 1942 over the Rhaetic Railways hauling loads up to 182 tons. Delivery to Siam did not begin until hostilities ended in 1945.
|A view of one of the second order of locomotives for Thailand, seen here under test in Switzerland - this view being used to advertise Sulzer powered diesel locomotives and railcars. As usual the locomotives of this period sport a quite considerable builder's plate, mounted midway along the side of the locomotive.
These four locomotives ended their days working the Maeklong line, most definately 651 & 654, probably lasting in service until about 1989.
Photograph courtesy Robert M. Boer of Rail Asia
Some forty years after delivery 651 was still operational and photographed in a corner of the Mahachai depot on March 23rd 1986.
A1A-A1A 960hp locomotives of 1951 delivery
561 - 563
During 1951 three locomotives were delivered to the Royal State Railways of Siam for use on routes between Bangkok & Padang Besar (625 miles) and Bangkok & Chiengmai (465 miles). Gradients on the southern mainline are at a ruling 1:100 with short distances of 1:50, curve radii vary from 590ft on the main line to 510ft on sidings and through points. The maximum axleloading was 12 tons, maximum speed limit was 40mph. Temperatures varied between 50F & 104F, with a maximum altitude of 2,000ft. On the northern line gradients were more severe with stretches of 1:42 & 1:37. Trailing loads were 420 tons over the southern route and 250 tons on the Chiengmai line.
With Sulzer Brothers Ltd again as the main contractor all specifications were to their requirements, electric transmission equipment was provided by Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon, the mechanical portion completed by Henschel & Sohn GMBH. Particular attention was paid to the maximum axle load requirement, the A1A-A1A wheel arrangement being preferred after much study. In order to simplify matters for the Siam railway authorities much standardisation took place between these units and the earlier 735hp Bo-Bo machines. Although more cylinders were involved in the newer engines many of the components were of the same dimensions. The electrical control equipment, driving controls, wheel centres, tyres, axleboxes, springs, brake blocks and other mechanical portions were the same as were the basic lines of construction.
The power unit was a Sulzer pressure-charged 8LDA25 type set to give 960hp at 850rpm at the one hour rating, or 860hp at 800rpm continuous rating, cylinder dimensions were 9.85in by 12.6in (250mm x 320mm). It was of the usual welded construction of cylinder block, crankcase & bedplate made up of mild steel & cast steel components. Dry weight for the engine was 18,240lb. Charge air was provided by a Sulzer exhaust gas turbo blower with the usual plain bearings for the shaft.
The Oerlikon main generator was mounted on the common welded steel subframe. Continuous rating was 800rpm, 1,000volts, 550amps or 800rpm, 630volts, 860amps, the one hour rating was 800rpm, 497volts, 1070amps, the maximum rating was 850rpm, 1060volts, 1680amps. The auxiliary generator, of 33.7kW is of the overhung typeand supplied the main generator excitation current; motors for the cooling water pump, radiator fan, exhauster, air compressor, rotary voltage converter and for charging the batteries.
The four traction motors were self ventilated and nose suspended, grouped in parallel. Each motor was rated at 121.5kW, 268amp, 497volts, 700rpm - one hour rating, or 125.5kW, 215amp, 1000rpm, 630 volts - continuous rating. Ventilating air was drawn in from behind the cabs
A Sulzer automatic field regulator control allows the driving controller to regulate the engine governor, setting the engine speed at predetermined values; the main generator excitation provides a constant torque on the engine. Eight speed-torque loadings are available from 470 to 850 rpm and from idling to 960hp. Overloading is prevented in all circumstances, shutdown will also occur if cooling water or lubrication oil pressures fail or become too high.
The low required axle loading led to the complete welding of the locomotive body, bent and pressed sheet steel were used for all horizontal & vertical parts, providing much additional stiffening to the framework. The complete body framework is welded and riveted to the underframe.
The bogie frames were completely welded and supported on SKF roller bearing axleboxes through overhung laminated springs. Each bogie carried one brake cylinder, each motored axle had two brake blocks per wheel, connected through compensated rigging.
Trial runs on the Rhaetian Railway provided some interesting data, not only because of the steep grades (up to 1 in 25) combined with sharp curves but because this was a locomotive built for a tropical climate under test in winter conditions. Runs were made first between Landquart and Ilanz, 26 miles with an average grade of 1 in 200; and with a ruling grade of 1 in 100 for five miles, curved almost throughout at 262ft - 985ft radius. Trailing loads up to 300 tons, were made up of sixteen bogie coaches; on the 1 in 100 grade with the curves a sustained speed of almost 27mph was maintained, the diesel engine working on its one hour output. On the Ilanz route grades of 1 in 72 with curves of 262ft radius were featured. Landquart is at 1,730 ft, Ilanz is at 2,300 ft. Fuel consumption for the return trip was equivalent to 0.021lb per gross ton-mile.
Further trials conducted over the 13.25 miles between Landquart & Kublis, rising all the way at an average of 1 in 69 and with a ruling grade of 1 in 25, were run with 155 tons trailing. Speed up the ruling grade was 25mph at the beginning but fell to 13mph after 0.62 mile with the controller on notch 9, equal to the diesel engine continuous output. Fuel consumption on the Landquart - Kublis section was 0.033lb per gross ton-mile.
Dimensions for the Bo-Bo & A1A-A1A locomotives
|Weight, empty/full||??/60tons||43.5/46.5tons||54/58tons with 2,700 litres of fuel||Minimum adhesion weight||43tons||44.5tons||44tons
||Maximum Axle Loading||??||12 tons||12 tons
||Starting Tractive Effort||20,680lb||20,000lb||30,900lb
||Tractive Effort - Continuous||??||6,800lb @ 22.5mph||12,800lb @ 19mph
||Tractive Effort - One Hour||9,130lb @ 12.8mph||9,200lb @ 17.5mph||17,600lb @ 14mph
||Tractive Effort - Full Power & Max Speed||??||??||6,600lb @ 40mph
||Wheel Diameter||36in -driving, 30in carrying||3.00 ft||3.00 ft
||Bogie Wheelbase||9ft 10in||7ft 10.5in||9ft 10in
||Distance between bogie pivots||24ft 3in||22ft 7.375in||25ft 7in
||Length over buffer beams||44ft 6.75in||37ft 1in||42ft 0in
||Maximum width||??||9ft 1.5in||9ft 2in
||Maximum height||??||12ft 6.25in||12ft 6.5in
The following is an extract from the Diesel Railway Traction journal, July 1951 detailing additional testing of one of the locomotives awaiting shipment to Siam
Testing of one of the new diesels over the Rhaetian Railways Landquart-Klosters-Davos route included operation under severe winter weather conditions. In fact the day after testing the route was blocked for a week due to heavy snowfall & avalanches.
Timings and loads of these recent test runs were adjusted so that the continuous output, at least of the diesel engine should be required more or less all the way from Lanquart to Davos-Wolfgang, a 44km (27.5mile) metre gauge route entirely uphill, with ruling grades of 4.5 & 4.52 percent (1 in 22), with one 800 metre stretch of 5 percent (1 in 20) just south of Klosters. Throughout the steepest grades there is a constant succession of curves of 100 to 300 metres radius. Between Klosters & Davos the 1 in 22 grade, with the 1 in 20 section also, extends continuously for 10km (6.2 miles) with only the intermediate platform lengths as intervening levels sections.
On controller notch 10, corresponding to the one hour diesel engine output, speed was 34kph (21.1mph) at the beginning of the 1 in 22.25, and fell to 32-33kph (19.8-20.5mph). Using controller notch 9, corresponding to the continuous output of the diesel engine the speed maintained over the same section was 30.5-31kph (19.5mph). Trailing load was three bogie coaches weighing 60 tonnes. From Landquart to Kublis, with a maximum grade, short in length, of 3.46 percent (1 in 29) trailing grade, the load was eight bogie coaches weighing 157 tonnes. From Kublis to Kosters with 4.26 to 4.37 percent (1 in 23.5 to 22.75) grades, trailing load was four bogie coaches weighing 80 tonnes; and from Klosters to Davos-Wolfgang with continuous 1 in 20 to 1 in 22.25 grades, three coaches weighing 60 tonnes were hauled. Between Landquart & Klosters the electrical equipment was loaded slightly above the continuous rating; and on the Davos - Wolfgang route the throughout average load was just equal to the continuous rating.
Test run of 960hp Sulzer diesel locomotive
||Distance - km
||Height above sea level in feet
||Sustained speed - mph|
||1 in 25
||arr 9.51 - dep 9.55
||2,665||1 in 23.5
||arr 10.28 - dep 10.30
||3,910||1 in 23
||43.6||5,330||1 in 20
The Rhaetian Railways imposed the following speed limits on this route:
Landquart - Kublis: 55/65kph (34/40.5mph)
Kublis - Davos: 40/42kph (24.8/26mph)
In general the diesel engine was developing 850 - 950hp from Seewis to Davos-Wolfgang (23 miles).
Fuel consumption over the return trip between Landquart & Davos-Wolfgang was 11.3gr per tonne-km (0.045lb per gross ton-mile). The trials were of exceptional interest not only because of the sound behaviour in heavy snow conditions of a locomotive designed for tropical service, but also because of the way steady speeds of 18.5 to 21mph were maintained up gradients exactly twice as steep as the maximum to be encountered in Siam, and at heights up to 5,330ft above sea level at Davos.
A locomotive from the 1951 order on test in Switzerland.
A report from 1960 indicates that all of the locomotives from the second & third order were in service as part of Siamese State Railways fleet of sixty five diesel locomotives. Three pre-war diesels were included in these totals, presumably this must include the two remaining locomotives from the first order.
Railway Gazette, August 7th 1931, Diesel Railway Traction April 1946 & February 1951.
Sulzer Technical Review, Special Number 1933
Railway Gazette, Overseas Edition 1951
Railway Gazette, Overseas edition, 1954
The Railways of Thailand - Roel Ramaer, White Lotus, Bangkok 1994.
Page added April 21st 2003
Page updated October 23rd 2010
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Mid-America Economic Development Council Presents 2019 Annual Economic Development Awards
CHICAGO, IL, DECEMBER 10, 2019: The Mid-America Economic Development Council presented its annual Economic Development awards at the 2019 Mid-America Competitiveness Conference & Site Selector Forum, held December 8-10 at the Renaissance Chicago Downtown.
Award entries were accepted in two markets per category – large division (community population over 50,000) and small division (community population less than 50,000).
Recognition was presented to:
Unique approaches to enhancing the Entrepreneurial culture in a city or region. Unique approaches for assisting young companies through the start-up/early stage of a business life cycle.
- 1st Place Winner – Lean Rocket Lab – Jackson, MI
- 1st Place Winner – Barron County Cheese Realizes Entrepreneurial Exporter Vision - Chippewa Falls, WI
An overall comprehensive marketing program to market a community, county, state, or region to a prospect; an Annual Report or Newsletter; Online Programs, and/or a Specific Program or Event.
- 1st Place Winner - Digital Marketing Campaign in DSM – Des Moines, IA
- Runner Up – Expand Greater Springfield Branding Campaign – Springfield, OH
- Runner Up - Greater Dubuque Development 2018-2019 Annual Report – Dubuque, IA
- 1st Place Winner - The Pick Perry Campaign – Tell City, IN
- Runner Up – APLUS Algonquin Marketing Program – Algonquin, IL
Economic Impact Deal of the Year
Recognizes a project having significant and measurable impact on a City, County and Region. The project must have already broken ground and be in the initial phase of implementation between January 2018 and June 2019. The measurable impact can include capital investment, jobs, supplier network, economic impact or new partnership initiatives that positively improved the community.
- 1st Place Winner – St. John’s Dairy Campus Project – Jackson, MI
- Runner Up – Burke Corporation (Hormel) Expansion - Nevada, IA
- Runner Up - Facebook Data Center Expansion in DSM – Des Moines, IA
- 1st Place Winner (tie) - Magna Seating of America - Lancaster, OH
- 1st Place Winner (tie) - Weatherby's Relocation, A Story of Vision, Planning, and Collaboration - Sheridan, WY
- Runner Up - Scoular Announces New Manufacturing Facility in Seward, Nebraska
Activities and/or innovative programs to attract new workforce to an area, strengthen the skills of your existing workforce or encourage retention of youth in an area.
- 1st Place Winner - Greater Dubuque Career Services Visit – Dubuque, IA
- Runner Up – Workforce Solutions Partnership with Technology Association of Iowa – Ames, IA
Mid-America EDC members are dedicated economic development professionals who share best practices to add value in their organizations and communities. Mid-America EDC is a multi-state association dedicated to being the leading resource for making contact with site selectors, advancing regional economic development programs, and accessing thought leadership.
For many years, The Mid-America Economic Development Council has sponsored the annual Economic Development Awards competition to recognize and stimulate the creative use of quality marketing by economic development organizations throughout the twelve-state Mid-America region in promoting their respective communities. The Mid-America Economic Development Council’s awards partner is Conway Inc., and all first place award winners will be highlighted in an ad in the January issue of Site Selection magazine.
For more information about The Mid-America Economic Development Council and to view more information about this year’s winning award entries, please visit www.midamericaedc.org.

domain: economics


text:
This article is very much a “personal wandering & pondering” blog entry. It’ll probably be full of stream of consciousness stuff. Still, I hope it’s going to be helpful for other people, too. So, here I go:
Writing a new song is almost always a miracle. The core of it sometimes comes from “nowhere”, unless it is a carbon copy of a stupid hit song you just heard on the radio. And it’s all yours. (Here’s a philosophical question: do songs really belong to anyone? But that’s a different story…)
What makes the song-writing challenging is that there is no universally perfect way to write a song. Some people start with the lyrics, some people like to write together with other people, some people prefer writing songs alone at night in the moonlight, or the candlelight.
Starting to write a new song is easy if you have inspiration. The moments of inspiration come and go and they are very unpredictable. So, you cannot always wait for it to come. Just pick your guitar, your keyboard or whatever instrument you prefer when writing a song. Choose a chord or a short melody that comes to your mind. Or a guitar riff. Or just pick a scale and try improvising with it (for instance, pentatonic scale is quite interesting).
Don’t get mad if nothing interesting pops up. Sometimes you can try anything for days and still: nothing. And then, a perfect idea can come into view and suddenly you’ve got a brand new perspective to the new song. What’s interesting is that you can have an interesting and fascinating idea even if you are not inspired. Yeah, well, this is more than obvious but it’s the reason you can and should try composing a song any-time you want to. Or even when you don’t want to.
But naturally, one riff or melody or chord isn’t enough. The next thing is having at least one or two more ideas and starting to think about the song structure. (Let’s just assume we don’t care about the genre of the song, it’s just whatever comes naturally…) A very short song? An epic song? I think the answer is: whatever you feel like. Sometimes the thirty-two-bar form is nice, sometimes trying to do something new is very fruitful.
Let’s just say you’ve written a three-minute song with a melody. Then, what should the lyrics be like? Should the song tell a story? Or describe a feeling or a moment? (Or, in some cases: should the song just be an instrumental?)
This year, I’ve been fascinated about the idea of writing very personal lyrics. (Then again, I’m also keen on writing interesting stories that have nothing to do with my life.) How personal can you get without sounding too cheesy and not being embarrassed about the lyrics? Moreover, can you write an imaginative story that would still feel very personal to you? I suppose you can but it’s very difficult.
So, I suppose I’ll write at least a couple of personal songs by the end of this summer. I don’t know about the genre yet, though. Something related to prog rock, maybe.. Something different, that is. And very personal lyrics, I wonder what that would be like. Something revealing, something I feel.
Choosing the language is also a difficult question. For those who speak English as their mother tongue, the choice is very easy. But for a Finn, it’s harder. It is very easy to write a song full of clichés when writing in English. In Finnish, the lyrics inevitably become much more personal because the mother tongue is always the “language of your heart and emotions”. This is why writing in English is so much safer.
So yeah, there’s a lot to think. But perhaps the best way to do this is not to think at all? “Just do it”, as the slogan goes. Yep. That’s how I’ll do it. Interesting.
- Song Structure – I Can Explain (anestmusic.com)
- Writing songs for your voice (gearslutz.com)
- Educated Songwriter Blog (tonyromano36.wordpress.com)
- How do I write a song? (plus 4 do’s & don’ts for writing songs link via BMI.COM) (jdngerz.wordpress.com)

domain: artistic


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domain: finance


Former Penn State President Graham Spanier was granted his request to modify his bail conditions, which will now allow him to travel outside of Pennsylvania, according to court documents filed Monday.
Spanier's attorneys filed the request Nov. 13, asking for permission to travel out of the state and out of the country, citing an intent for Spanier to travel for the holidays and care for his mother who is in “ill health,” according to court documents.
A judge said Spanier is now permitted to travel out of state, so long as he submits a detailed itinerary to the court no less than five business days before his intended date of travel, according to court documents.
He was denied his request to travel outside of the United States, and his passport will remain revoked as a condition of his bail.
Spanier is also barred from contacting any Commonwealth witness or any past or current member of the Board of Trustees, according to court documents.
On Nov. 1, Spanier was charged with perjury, child endangerment, obstruction of justice, failure to report suspected child abuse and criminal conspiracy in relation to the Jerry Sandusky sexual abuse case.
He was arraigned on Nov. 7 and faces the same charges as two other former Penn State administrators, former Athletic Director Tim Curley and former Interim Senior Vice President for Finance and Business Gary Schultz.
All three men’s Dec. 13-14 preliminary hearing was canceled — as was Curley and Schultz’s Jan. 7 trial — and no new court dates have yet been scheduled.


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The brutal, drought-bringing heat that arises from the colossal, near-mythical Draigon, is a fell portent, heralding the doom of a striving woman.
When Leiel’s mother is sacrificed to the Draigon to relieve the terrible drought, Leiel is marked by the shame brought to her family. She must leave school, relegated to a new life of servitude.
Cleod, the woodcutter’s son, is Leiel’s closest friend. To avenge Leiel’s mother, he vows to rise above his station and join the Ehlewer Enclave, an elite society famed for training men to kill Draigon.
The friends’ lives take different paths. Cleod struggles with divided loyalties as he learns he cannot be a Draigon hunter while remaining a friend to a tainted woman. Leiel seeks forbidden knowledge and old secrets, placing herself in danger of sharing her mother’s fate.
When Draigon Weather returns to the land, Cleod has the chance to fulfill all his promises—both to Leiel and to his new masters, the Ehlewer. But as the rivers choke on their own silt and heat soaks the ground, the choices the two friends made begin to catch up with them—for what plagues Arnan is more than just a monster.
Advance Praise from Janny Wurts, author of the Wars of Light and Shadow series...
“A tightly focused first installment that delivers a delightful twist on the classic folk tale of appeasement by sacrifice, seen through the eyes of two immersive, engaging characters and rewarding the reader with a gripping promise of more to come.”
"...Christie's skillful evocation of a disintegrating landscape and the dysfunctional society grappling with that disaster is worth being patient for, as is Cleod's gritty, desolate perseverance." ~ Publisher's Weekly
Hardcover: 316 pages
Publisher: Prospective Press; First Prospective Press edition MAY, 2017
Product Dimensions: 6.1 x 0.9 x 9.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds
Paperback: 352 pages
Publisher: Prospective Press (October 3, 2017)
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States await fallout from federal debt downgrade
States with high numbers of federal workers or contractors, large military presences or generous Medicaid programs for the needy are among the most vulnerable from Standard & Poor's recent downgrade of U.S. government debt.
Last week's action by S&P is expected to accelerate congressional action to make deep spending cuts, which could affect those states the most and put their long-term finances on shaky ground. In a debt rating domino effect, states such as Virginia, Maryland, California, New Mexico or Illinois could be at risk of having their own ratings downgraded, even as great uncertainty persists about the long-term consequences.
"The more a state appears to be tied to federal funds or federal presence, probably the more concerned the rating agencies will be with its future because it's so linked to federal money," said Michael Bird, federal affairs counsel for the National Conference of State Legislatures.
Virginia, with its large population of federal employees, and California, with its heavy reliance on federal reimbursement for Medicaid, have been mentioned by some experts as states that could feel the ill effects of the federal downgrade.
Even so, uncertainty reigns. It's simply unclear how the S&P action will trickle down to the states.
California state Treasurer Bill Lockyer, for example, issued a statement Monday saying there's no reason to expect that the federal ratings downgrade will have an immediate effect on California. He warned that the state needs to be more concerned with repairing its long-term budget problems.
"Since the downgrade seems to be more a statement about the federal government's partisan political gridlock in solving its long-term deficit than about the nation's ability to pay its debts, California needs to be more immediately concerned about the continuing effects of the economic recession on jobs and the stock market," Lockyer said.
Last month, S&P revised California's long-term ratings outlook, improving it from negative to stable. California shares the lowest credit rating in the nation with Illinois.
Scott Pattison, executive director of the National Association of State Budget Officers, said he had been talking with state financial officers throughout the day Monday and there was no consensus about how the S&P action would affect states.
A state's reliance on federal assistance "would be a factor to consider" for a rating agency, but Pattison said some states might be able to offset those concerns by showing they have a strong rainy day fund or have been willing to make spending cuts to keep their budgets in line with dwindling tax revenue.
"The downgrade is certainly not good news. But on the other hand, we're really uncertain at this moment as to the direct effect, whether it will have a direct effect or not," Pattison said. "I think it's going to be a case-by-case basis."
Standard & Poor's announced late Friday that it was reducing its credit rating for long-term U.S. government debt by one notch, from AAA, the highest rating, to AA-plus. The credit rating agency said it downgraded U.S. debt for the first time in history because it lacks confidence that political leaders will make the choices needed to avert a long-term fiscal crisis.
Officials at the rating agency were expected to indicate how local and state governments will be affected by their decision to lower the rating for long-term U.S. debt. The other two major rating agencies, Moody's and Fitch, have not taken a similar step.
If the ratings for states also are downgraded, that could lead to higher borrowing costs for those states, many of which have struggled to balance their budgets amid falling revenue, job losses and a slow economy. Some states could reduce their borrowing, put it off until the economy improves or borrow directly from banks with which they already have a financial relationship, to avoid selling bonds on the open market and paying higher interest rates.
States that have retained the coveted AAA rating, which lowers their borrowing costs, are among those most nervous about the potential fallout.
New Mexico finance officials have had several meetings with Moody's over the past few weeks to justify the state's top rating. They have noted that the state has strong cash reserves and adequate property tax revenue, which supports general obligation bonds.
Virginia Finance Secretary Ric Brown said S&P and the two other major bond rating services recently affirmed his state's AAA rating. But the state remains on "negative outlook" because its economy is so intertwined with the federal government.
"The question is if the federal government goes down, then does it suck us down with it," Brown told The Associated Press over the weekend.
Another AAA-rated state, Tennessee, is sending a delegation to New York later this week to meet with officials at Moody's and Fitch. Finance Commissioner Mark Emkes said he wants to let the agencies know what steps the state has taken to remain in the black before they consider any changes to the state's rating.
"It would not have a major impact to our finances," he said of any potential future downgrade from AAA. "However, it's a prestigious thing, and we would like to hang on to it if at all possible."
S&P analyst Gabriel Petek said one strength of state and local governments is that while they receive federal aid, they are autonomous from the federal government. But he said the long-term concern is the pressure to reduce federal spending, which could intensify with the S&P downgrade.
Nicholas Johnson, vice president for state fiscal policy at the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, said, the looming cuts ultimately could have an effect on states' bond ratings because the agencies are going to try to determine whether states governments can absorb the loss the federal money and take on the burden of providing those services.
One area of concern is health care programs.
California, for example, relies heavily on federal support for Medicaid, the state-federal health care program for the poor and disabled. The state's version is known as Medi-Cal and covers 7.5 million people in a state with a population of about 37 million.
California will spend about $15 billion of its own money on the program but is anticipating nearly $30 billion over the next year from the federal government.
"That," Petek said, "certainly seems like an area where there's vulnerability."
Last month, Moody's Investors Services threatened to downgrade the AAA rankings of South Carolina, Maryland, New Mexico, Tennessee and Virginia, noting they have a combined $24 billion in outstanding debt.
If the U.S. lost its AAA rating, Moody's said, those states are most vulnerable to being dragged down because of their reliance on federal money. In South Carolina, for example, one in five residents receives Medicaid benefits.
Moody's said it will be reviewing the states' credit over the next few months.
Maryland state Sen. David Brinkley, a Republican, said the federal rating downgrade was a message to national and state lawmakers that they have to get spending under control.
"It's not the end of the world," he said. "But I think it is a wake-up call that the current pattern is unsustainable."
Associated Press writers Seanna Adcox in Columbia, S.C.; Jeri Clausing in Albuquerque, N.M.; Robert Lewis in Richmond, Va.; Judy Lin in Sacramento, Calif.; Erik Schelzig in Nashville, Tenn.; and Brian Witte in Annapolis, Md., contributed to this report.


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The laser machine is ready to work, the exhaust fan and the air pump and the water pump are included. (But when you using a big
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As long as you know how to design jobs in graphic software, it just takes a few hours for you to become a master of laser machine.
You just need to do some tests to know what speed and power is good for different materials. Since we’ve provided some of the
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You can watch the guiding videos from our website to learn how to use the machine in advance too.
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You just need one machine for both kinds of jobs.
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yes, every machine will wear. However, you don’t have to worry about that. The machine will be working normally at least 2-5 years.
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The fallout from two fatal crashes of Boeing 737 Max planes has ensnared the manufacturer's most-loyal customer: Southwest Airlines. The carrier has canceled thousands of...Airlinesread more
The Fed is expected to cut rates Wednesday, but it is unlikely to tell markets what they want to hear on future rate cuts.Market Insiderread more
Stocks rose slightly on Tuesday, but gains were capped as the Federal Reserve kicked off a two-day monetary policy meeting.US Marketsread more
Brent crude oil jumped the most in history in the previous session after attacks on Saudi's oil industry disrupted the kingdom's production.Marketsread more
Investors might be wary that gasoline prices will continue to rise, and are looking to take back profits by selling off shares.Retailread more
The Trump administration move on California's auto emissions standards would likely set up a fight between the White House and the state.Politicsread more
"I feel really confident that defense-minded CEOs, when they are on defense, they're going to come to" flexible offices and away from traditional leases, Knotel CEO Amol Sarva...Commercial Real Estateread more
Fanatics has hired Michener Chandlee, Nike's corporate audit and chief risk officer, to become its chief financial officer, succeeding Lauren Cooks Levitan, CNBC has learned.Retailread more
Facebook has partnered with Ray-Ban maker Luxottica to develop augmented-reality glasses, people familiar with the matter told CNBC. The glasses, code-named 'Orion,' are being...Technologyread more
As Netflix's rivals prep for their own streaming service launches, and snatch up content belonging to their own networks, Netflix could soon face a dry well when it comes to...Entertainmentread more
Adobe's quarterly guidance was light, but the stock still went up after its fiscal third quarter results beat expectations.Technologyread more
The next few days will be crucial for the future of both Greece and the euro zone. After the acrimonious collapse of talks Monday night, what options are left ahead of the expiry of Greece's current bailout loan on February 28?
Monday was, of course, never a "hard" deadline, and there is still some, very limited, time to find a deal which can save face for both the new Greek government and the rest of the euro zone.
Yanis Varoufakis, the Greek finance minister, said on Tuesday: "We know in Europe how to deliberate a very good and honourable solution out of initial disagreement." There are plenty in the euro zone hoping he is right, as concerns grow that the current impasse may not be resolved.
Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras was in equally combative mood Tuesday when he told he told parliamentary members of his radical left wing Syriza party that Greece could no longer be treated "like a colony or pariah in Europe".
On Wednesday, there is an European Central Bank (ECB) meeting at which Greek banks' use of its emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) facility will be discussed – and after which the ECB may give more clarity as to when/whether it will put a cap on its funding for Greek banks.
This is important because, when you take away ELA as a backstop, there's effectively no incentive to keep your money in a Greek bank unless you're extremely patriotic. To avoid mass withdrawals, the Greek government may have to impose capital controls. "Then, the domestic politics gets ugly everywhere," Guntram Wolff, director of Bruegel, the European think tank, told CNBC.
Varoufakis hasn't really said clearly what he wants, other than more money, less conditions. At some point, the ECB will have to close the tab."
By Friday, if Greece hasn't asked to legally extend the current program (which would need to be approved by six national parliaments in the euro zone), the only option left is for the country to a request for a third bailout, according to Jeroen Dijsselbloem, who chairs the Eurogroup of the region's finances ministers. This would mean being in hock to international creditors for even longer, and Varoufakis has said it's not what the Greek people want.
"This is one dramatic battle between love and hate in Greece – love of the euro zone and hatred of austerity," Gabriel Sterne, head of global macro research at Oxford Economics, told CNBC.
This date is regularly talked of as the time when Greece's bailout expires. However, it's not quite the point of "no return" – this would come when the ECB closes the ELA tap, or when the Greek government runs out of finance, both of which are likely to follow hard on the heels of the existing bailout concluding with no deal.
The euro will regain strength, Greek banks stocks should soar – and the rest of Europe could also benefit.
"We suspect that Greek volatility is holding back global managers who would otherwise buy Europe," according to Morgan Stanley's research team.
Just because euro zone leaders seem confident that Greece could potentially exit the euro zone without substantial contagion to other countries, it doesn't mean the market shares their confidence. There are a growing number of voices arguing it mightn't be too bad for Greece in the long term, however.
"They're going to get a big default if they leave, get rid of a lot of the debt, depreciation in deposits. All the hedgies will be hovering around Greece. After six months of pure horribleness, there could be a good recovery," Sterne said.
- By CNBC's Catherine Boyle

domain: news


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Jenn’s Pet Grooming offers all breed dog grooming, including late night appts, punk rock styles, and classic cuts. Jenn’s Pet Grooming offers full-service grooming with the PRIMA bathing system. A comfortable home setting and one-on-one attention ensure that even the most nervous and anxious dogs feel safe and relaxed.
Jenn is a graduate of the North Jersey School of Dog Grooming. She has been grooming professionally for six years and specializes in punk rock styling: mohawks, nail coloring, and fur dyeing. She is also skilled in handling aggressive dogs who have been banned from other groomers.

domain: pet


MassMedieval is once again hosting a roundtable at KZoo 2014. We have a great group of panelists already, though we still have a couple of spaces open if you are interested in joining us! If so, send an email to Kisha at email@example.com by September 15th.
Roundtable: “Medievalists and the Social Media Pilgrimage: The Digital Life of 21st Century Medieval Studies #Digimedievalist”
In the last few years, the online presence of medievalists has increased. Blogs, Twitter, and other related types of social media have become a way for academics in the field to communicate on an international scale. This roundtable seeks to further discussions started by MassMedieval at the 2013 Congress and bring together individuals who are interested in discussing how to use social media as well as how medievalists can think about their digital lives. It will address questions such as: how can medievalists get started in social media? How can social media be used to bring medievalists together? How do we manage our online profiles? What are the potential negatives and how might they be overcome? As a means of demonstrating how social media works, we will also use the hashtag in the title (#Digimedievalist) to Tweet throughout the session and encourage members of the audience to do so as well – a real time application of the discussion.


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Review: Many Mini Murder Scenes
A Texas artist and avid reader of mystery novels, Candace Hicks displayed her most recent series, Many Mini Murder Scenes, as a critique on the romanticisation of women’s deaths in fiction literature. Like much of her work, the murder scenes rely on the written word for their inspiration and work to examine inequality in the real world as present in fiction. Her pieces range from dollhouse-like dioramas depicting murder scenes to paper “paintings” that rise out of their frames through careful 3D construction.
When observers walk through the glass doors of the Austin-based art gallery, Women and Their Work, they are immediately presented with a booklet detailing the murder mysteries that Hicks has excavated to create her many scenes. Along with wisecracks comparing a cucumber patch to a certain British actor, the booklet explains the significance of various mystery novels for each piece as the viewer peruses the exhibit. Provided with a UV keychain, the onlooker is invited to shine a literal light into the murder scenes and discover last words, quotes, and quips from the many books that color Hicks’s creations.
Her hanging work in this installation ranges from a paper bouquet of flowers next to a lifeless crown of hair to a quilled ornamental rug with a creeping bloodstain. The dioramas are no less captivating, including a bachelor pad, hidden stairwells, and a restless canoe on frozen water. The precision that is apparent in each piece is astounding, every edge clean and each leaf placed with care. Beginning in the summer of 2017, this series took almost a complete calendar year for Hicks to complete, demonstrating her patience and dedication to accuracy.
Hicks explains that she wants to make her installation similar to a book in the sense that the viewer brings something of themself to the art. She says that she is not often interested in art that is completed by the artist alone and desires a more collaborative and interactive experience. Viewer engagement is crucial for Hicks’s gallery as onlookers discover secret rooms and hidden words written in the sand and water. Some of the books that Hicks references in her invisible quotations include The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie, The Trespasser, and The Talented Mr. Ripley as common themes, misunderstandings, and fallacies are carefully examined throughout her installation.
Hicks was partly influenced by the works of Frances Glindler Lee, the first female police captain in the United States and creator of the Nutshell series, which uses dolls to depict murder scenes from history. Lee used her artistic skills to create these scenes for forensics students at Harvard University who could then use them to practice detective work without disturbing and possibly ruining a real crime scene. While Hicks holds a great deal of admiration for Lee, she believes the use of dolls has the capacity to dehumanize the victim and depress the audience without creating the artist’s desired impact. Because of this, Hicks chose to omit the bodies and gore from her own work, creating an eerie and uncanny space highlighted by the text hidden in the dioramas.
She was also inspired by a visit to The National Museum of Toys and Miniatures in Kansas City. Hundreds of toys and models ranging from pottery to architecture reflect Hicks’s dedication to detail when constructing each candlestick and paint can for her murder scenes. Although Hicks admits that there can be a slight stigma surrounding so-called dollhouse art, her attention to detail and social awareness expands the field of miniatures into a thoughtful critique and assessment of present day chauvinism.
In addition to the murder scenes’ somewhat morbid surface interest, they have a deeper meaning as well. Hicks uses her art to examine underlying inequalities in the world around us, and the Many Mini Murder Scenes focus specifically on gender and race bias. Hicks explains that although the majority of murder victims in real life are men, murder mystery novels overwhelmingly choose beautiful, young, white women as their victim of choice. She also notes that this is by no means a new phenomenon. Nineteenth century writers such as Edgar Allan Poe are infamous for their use of female death to kickstart a short story. In this way, female gendered violence is more common in entertainment that in fact even as fiction and reality influence each other in interesting ways. Hicks cites some of this thinking from Maggie Nelson’s literary works, including The Art of Cruelty, The Red Parts, and Jane: A Murder. The romanticisation of women’s deaths has far-reaching implications in our world, especially because the consumers of this brand of literature are mostly female.
Candace Hicks has created a stunning installation of paper paintings and dioramas that simultaneously evoke unsettling feelings of hidden violence while unearthing the delight of discovery. Utilizing countless materials, Hicks’s murder scenes demonstrate supreme precision while never losing sight of a higher message. An informed statement on social discrimination and bias, the Many Mini Murder Scenes are an engaging work that its viewers will not soon forget.

domain: literature


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Hi. I have sponsored my parents USA immigration and they have been issued immigration status since 03/2006. My parents are aged 65 and 70 yrs and they are pretty healthy and reside with me in Colorado. My father tried looking for job, but nothing worked out. I am fully supporting them, except for health insurance needs since I am unable to find one.
1. Since I gave signed affidavit of support to INS I-864 , what are my risks if they end up with emergency health problem care and hopsital bills may run in $1000's? Will hopsital come after me and puts me at risk of bankcrupcy?
Under INS I-864, are there any exclusions for emergency health care need?
2. Since they have not worked in USA, can they still qualify to buy Medicaire?
3. What are my options in terms of private buying them health insurance under immigrant status, althoguth most in my state says they are not eligle for coverage?
4. ? Medicaide eligibility
Any input or guidance will be appreciated. Thx Jatinder

domain: health


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ASSESSING SOIL RESPIRATION AS AN INDICATOR OF SOIL MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN RECLAIMED METAL CONTAMINATED LANDS
- 1 Laurentian University, Canada
Mining, roasting as well as smelting of these elements have caused sulphur dioxide fumigations and metal particulate depositions which have led to various detrimental effects on the overall environmental quality of the Greater Sudbury region. Soil amendment and revegetation within the Greater Sudbury Region were initiated to restore the damage land. Several methods have been used to assess the progress made toward full ecosystem recovery. Soil respiration rates are particularly critical in the assessment of soil health. They reflect the complete extent of biological activity of living microorganisms in the soil. Bacterial and fungal the main biological soil components are functionally important and must be properly determined. The objective of the present study was to measure soil respiration and health in limed and unlimed areas in the Northern Ontario (Canada) region. The results confirm that the liming did maintain an increase in soil pH from extremely acid to slightly acid, even 30 to 40 years after dolostone applications. Fungi were more abundant in limed sites compared to unlimed areas. Soil respiration based on CO2 rate followed the same trend. Respiration rates for the reference sites were similar to those documented for the limed areas. Summer soil respiration rates were associated (r = 0.50) with total fungal abundance in the targeted sites. Overall, the Solvita test of assessing soil respiration and determining microbial mass and soil quality is a reliable and cost effective method.
Copyright: © 2014 Kassandre Goupil and Kabwe Nkongolo. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- 2,785 Views
- 2,501 Downloads
- 22 Citations
- Soil Respiration
- Metal Contamination
- Northern Ontario
- Soil Quality

domain: chemistry


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- Case report
- Open Access
Detection of underdiagnosed concurrent branch retinal artery occlusion in a patient with central retinal vein occlusion using spectral domain optical coherence tomography
BMC Ophthalmology volume 14, Article number: 91 (2014)
Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein occlusion is a rare condition that has been infrequently reported. This case report, aside from reporting the above-mentioned condition, highlights the importance of performing spectral domain optical coherence tomography in establishing a complete diagnosis, especially in uncertain and complicated cases. We also present spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of a case of combined unilateral simultaneous central retinal vein and branch retinal artery occlusion.
We present a single case of an initially missed, unilateral branch retinal artery occlusion combined with central retinal vein occlusion in a 51-year-old female Chinese patient without a significant past medical history, who experienced sudden, painless vision diminution in her right eye eleven days prior to presentation. She eventually recovered visual acuity to 0.60, despite having presented with poor vision.
Combined unilateral central retinal vein and branch retinal artery occlusion may occur in patients with no medical history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus and can achieve a relatively good visual outcome. This case reaffirms the significance of performing a spectral domain optical coherence tomography examination in patients suffering from central retinal vein occlusion with suspicion of unilateral simultaneous branch retinal artery occlusion to identify the affected pathological areas.
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) are two different types of retinal vascular occlusions. CRVO is a common retinal vascular disorder that arises from a blockage of the central retinal vein. As a consequence of the blockage, stagnant blood gradually leaks out through the vein walls and leads to blurred vision. BRAO refers to an obstruction or blockage of one or multiple branch retinal arteries resulting in a severe loss of vision, the area and degree of which is associated with the distribution of the occluded branch retinal artery. Histopathologically, acute BRAO results in ischemia in the corresponding retinal quadrant marked by inner retinal edema in the initial stages and atrophy in long-standing cases . The combination of the two aforementioned diseases is rare, despite the fact that these two types of ocular vascular obstructions share many common underlying systemic conditions, such as cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, toxoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease , coagulopathies , systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-phospholipid syndrome , and homocysteinemia , which result in severe loss of vision and impairment of the patient’s quality of life.
In this report, we describe a single case of combined unilateral CRVO and BRAO and emphasize the efficacy of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examination in this type of case.
A 51-year-old female Chinese patient without arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or significant past ophthalmic history presented to our hospital complaining of painless, suddenly impaired vision in her right eye for 11 days. Prior to that, she had been hospitalized at the local county hospital with visual acuity of 0.06 and 0.80 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Based on the results of ophthalmologic, fundus and fluorescein angiography (FA) examinations, clinical diagnosis of CRVO was established and traditional Chinese medicine was prescribed to activate blood circulation and decrease blood stasis. Upon presentation to our hospital, the anterior segment examination under a slit lamp biomicroscope (SLE) was unremarkable in both eyes, and visual acuity of 0.10 and 0.80 was revealed in the right and left eyes, respectively. Intraocular pressure was in the normal range. A dilated fundus evaluation demonstrated an edematous macula, tortuous and dilated retinal veins with radially patterned hemorrhages, blurred and elevated disc margins in her right eye, and retinal paleness in the upper region of the macula (Figure 1A). On the basis of these signs, combined with the results from FA performed at the local hospital, the diagnosis of CRVO was reconfirmed. The FA examination was repeated at our hospital, which showed signs suggestive of BRAO (Figure 1B) and the patient was recommended to undergo SD-OCT examination. SD-OCT showed macular edema with a shallowly detached fovea, an edematous retina in its all sections, subfoveal liquid, a detached peripapillary retina, intact inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) line and a strong reflected signal from thickened inner layers of the superior retina (ILSR) in contrast to the inferior retina, suggesting the possibility of merging BRAO in this region (Figure 2A). A retrospective view of the fundus photographs showed that, in addition to radial hemorrhages in the fundus of the right eye, a clearly demarcated pale area at the superior region of the retina existed. Because of the obvious CRVO manifestation, this region had been neglected during the previous examinations. Subsequently, the complete clinical diagnosis of combined unilateral CRVO and BRAO was made. The patient had neither medical history nor signs and symptoms of cardiovascular, hematological, systemic and parasitic diseases. The instrumental examinations, such as chest X-ray and echocardiography, did not reveal any pathology and blood and urine laboratory test results, namely enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), plasma and urine homocysteine quantitative tests, full blood count were within the normal range. The ELISA and PCR testes were used to screen for β2-glycoprotein 1 dependent anticardiolipin (ACA), immunoglobulin G antibodies and Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene. Owing to a late presentation (>24 hours), the only treatment offered was one periocular injection of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg). One week later at the first follow-up visit, the patient had visual acuity of 0.40 and 0.80 in the right and left eyes, respectively. A SD-OCT examination showed decreased volume of the accumulated fluid in the sub-neuroepithelial space as well as weakened reflected signal from the ILSR and reduced retinal thickness (Figure 2B). Two weeks later at the second and last follow-up visit, SD-OCT examination showed a further decrease of the sub-neuroepithelial fluid volume, reduced nonuniform reflected signal from and atrophy of the ILSR (Figure 2C). The patient's visual acuity was 0.60 and 0.80 in the right and left eyes, respectively.
The SD-OCT features of combined unilateral CRVO and BRAO in our case were:
hyperreflectivity and increased thickness of the nerve fiber and inner retinal layers in the superior ischemic retina compared to the inferior unaffected area near the BRAO retina;
decreased reflectivity of the outer retinal layers in the superior half, probably due to an optical shadowing effect;
macular edema and serous macular detachment typical for CRVO;
no cystoid macular edema was observed either on presentation or at follow-up visits;
a well-defined demarcation line between the affected and unaffected areas near the BRAO retina6. peripapillary retinal detachment (Figure 3)
Combined unilateral simultaneous CRVO and BRAO is a rare condition, which if incomplete, has been proposed to be deemed as one entity. In patients with a combined concurrent CRVO and BRAO, an embolic compound has not been found, suggestive of the secondary nature of BRAO due to compression of the artery because of the obviously swollen optic nerve and/or central retinal vein resulting from CRVO . This is the main distinction from an isolated BRAO, which often is caused by embolic events. The patients with combined BRAO and incomplete CRVO have better visual outcomes than do those suffering from other types of combination retinal artery and vein occlusions, and almost 80% of the patients recover final visual acuity greater than 0.50, as occurred in our case [1, 2].
In our case, we performed the assisting diagnostic procedure with SD-OCT in addition to FA, in order to establish the final diagnosis of combined unilateral CRVO and BRAO. This approach is optimal for patients with a questionable diagnosis of combined unilateral CRVO and BRAO. SD-OCT has quite recently been introduced to the medical world and has revolutionized the ocular imaging service. It is a cutting-edge technique using a significantly faster, non-mechanical technology providing non-invasive acquisition of detailed; i.e., up to 5 microns resolution, in-vivo histological changes in the retina [1, 7].
These anatomical changes are the result of the denaturation of intracellular proteins, with the accumulation of intracellular fluid and consequent cellular necrosis. We propose that the name ‘retinal edema’ should not be used for this clinical condition, as the extravascular fluid is found in the intracellular space, and we suggest that the term ‘acute ischemic retinopathy’ is more appropriate .
Preservation of the integrity of the IS-OS line and the external limiting membrane has been reported to have prognostic value in cystoid macular edema due to vascular occlusions . Presence of an intact IS-OS line at the fovea in our patient suggested the preservation of structural integrity of the photoreceptor layer at the fovea, contributing to the recovery of relatively good visual acuity.
Throughout the follow-up visits, atrophy of the superior retina was observed.
Combined unilateral CRVO and BRAO may occur in patients without a significant past medical history. SD-OCT is an efficient method for establishing a combined unilateral CRVO and BRAO diagnosis. Timely use of SD-OCT facilitates fast and precise diagnosis of the aforementioned condition, ensuring prompt treatment. In our case, although the patient presented with poor visual acuity, we can report the presence of an intact IS-OS line on SD-OCT, thanks to which a good visual outcome was attained.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
Branch retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal vein occlusion
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Inner layers of superior retina
Inner segment-outer segment
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Polymerase chain reaction.
Murthy RK, Grover S, Chalam KV: Sequential spectral domain OCT documentation of retinal changes after branch retinal artery occlusion. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010, 4: 327-329.
Duker JS, Cohen MS, Brown GC, Sergott RC, McNamara JA: Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein obstruction. Retina. 1990, 10: 105-112. 10.1097/00006982-199004000-00003.
Schmidt D: Comorbidities in combined retinal artery and vein occlusions. Eur J Med Res. 2013, 18: 27-10.1186/2047-783X-18-27.
Durukan AH, Akar Y, Bayraktar MZ, Dinc A, Sahin OF: Combined retinal artery and vein occlusion in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Can J Ophthalmol. 2005, 40: 87-89. 10.1016/S0008-4182(05)80126-7.
Özdek S, Yülek F, Güreik G, Aydin B, Hasanreisoglu B: Simultaneous central retinal vein and retinal artery branch occlusions in two patients with homocystinaemia. Eye. 2004, 18: 942-945. 10.1038/sj.eye.6701355.
Bradvica M, Benašić T, Vinković M: Retinal Vascular Occlusions. In Advances in Ophthalmology, Chapter 21. Edited by Rumelt S. Shanghai: InTech; 2012:357–389
Shah VA, Cassell M, Poulose A, Sabates NR: Documentation of Talc Retinopathy by Spectral and Time Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Ophthalmology. 2008, 115: 755-755.
Cella W, Avila M: Optical coherence tomography as a means of evaluating acute ischaemic retinopathy in branch retinal artery occlusion. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007, 85: 799-801. 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00936.x.
Yamaike N, Tsujikawa A, Ota M, Sakamoto A, Kotera Y, Kita M, Miyamoto K, Yoshimura N, Hangai M: Three-dimensional imaging of cystoid macular edema in retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology. 2008, 115 (2): 355-362. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.052.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2415/14/91/prepub
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
TLS critically revised the manuscript and gave final approval of the version to be published, AK designed, drafted the manuscript in English and made the submission, PO drafted the manuscript in Chinese and examined the patient, JZ and LYMD helped to draft and translate the Chinese manuscript, case history and examination reports and were involved in the clinical and scientific discussion of the case. All five authors revised the manuscript and made intellectual contributions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Jiexi Zeng and Michele Dominique Li Ying contributed equally to this work.
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Cite this article
Karapetyan, A., Ouyang, P., Tang, L.S. et al. Detection of underdiagnosed concurrent branch retinal artery occlusion in a patient with central retinal vein occlusion using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol 14, 91 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-14-91
- Branch retinal artery occlusion
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- Spectral domain optical coherence tomography


It’s not every day that you come across a lift truck that has been in continuous operation for more than six decades. Yale Materials Handling Corporation has located the oldest-known operational Yale® lift truck in the U.S. at J.A. Cunningham Equipment Inc. in York, Penn. The lift truck was manufactured in 1945. “The fact that this lift truck has been around so long attests not only to the history and quality of Yale lift trucks, but also to the quality of our dealer service,” said Bill Pfleger, president of Yale Distribution. “We’re proud of our trucks and especially our technicians and dealers that keep our trucks in good condition for many years of dependable service. A great truck doesn’t end at the forks, but extends to the Yale team that supports it.” “My father purchased the forklift used in 1966,” said Paul Cunningham, president of J.A. Cunningham Equipment Inc., “When I took over the family business, there was never a need to replace the truck. It has always been
While the lift truck is still operational when called upon, J.A. Cunningham has mainly retired the truck in lieu of another Yale lift truck. The previously oldest-known lift truck in operation was discovered at Kliegal Machine Company in Big Flats, N.Y. that was manufactured in 1953.
Yale welcomes information and images regarding potentially older operational models of its lift trucks. Those materials can be submitted by completing the Yale contact form, or by emailing Ryan Fisher at email@example.com.


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The low endotoxin, azide-free (LE/AF) antibody is supplied as 0.5 mg purified immunoglobulin in 1.0 mL of PBS.
Store as concentrated solution. Centrifuge briefly prior to opening vial. Store at 4ºC.
0.5 mg/ml (Please refer to the vial label for the specific concentration.)
E. coli expressed recombinant mouse IL-17
For laboratory use only. Not for any clinical, therapeutic, or diagnostic use in humans or animals. Not for animal or human consumption.

domain: biology


text:
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Skating championships draw 100,000 plus
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- Staff Triad Business Journal
The U.S. Figure Skating Championships saw attendance top 110,000 during the 9-day event at the Greensboro Coliseum, with ticket sales of $2.2 million, event chairman Hill Carrow said Monday.
Skaters and fans headed home Sunday after the closing event of the championships, which Carrow said brought compliments from fans, athletes and U.S. Figure Skating officials and staff. The championships, which ran from Jan. 22 through Sunday, brought fans and competitors to Greensboro from 47 states and four other countries. Official attendance was calculated at 110,787, with an additional 50,805 attending events at the coliseum including the FanFest and events at the practice rink.
“We’re very pleased with how it went,” Carrow said.
Organizers fell about $60,000 short of a hitting a sponsorship goal of $825,000, but made up for the deficit by surpassing a ticket sales goal of $2 million. Carrow said ticket sales were in excess of $2.2 million for the $4.5 million event, but that with larger crowds came larger expenses in some areas.
“We were able to get past that (ticket sales goal) thankfully because we were short on our sponsorship goal,” Carrow said.
Carrow said U.S. Figure Skating officials were impressed with the number of businesses involved, the promotion of the event throughout the community and the quality and size of the pool of volunteers the event drew.
Heading into the event, Carrow said he estimated the championships would mean about 10,000 room nights for local hotels.
“I think we’re going to be right on top of that,” Carrow said.
The final event of the championships was the Smuckers Skating Spectacular featuring a performance by 2010 Olympic champion Evan Lysacek, which was taped and will be broadcast Saturday at 2:30 p.m.
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Currency: What do you value? is a group exhibition that asks questions about the relationship between art and money, exploring the flaws of our current economic reality. The featured artists expose the complex relationships between currency and how society values or doesn’t value art, work and time. They employ wit and satire to reveal economic inequities and dysfunctions, and ask: how do materialism and corporate interests take precedence over human and environmental concerns? How do debt and money impact art and creativity?
Literary critic and philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin described the concept of the carnival as a subversive, disruptive, world-upside-down event in which the hypocrisy of everyday life was unmasked. During carnival, social structures including those that defined class and status were disrupted by common people. In Currency: What do you value?, artists turn assumptions upside down to re-examine our relationship to money and how we live our lives.
The exhibition brings together national, international and local artists who engage with these themes through a variety of media and artistic approaches. In Debtfair, Occupy Museums continues their ongoing intervention that began at Art League Houston and appeared at the Whitney Biennial in 2017. The collective asks New Mexico artists how debt affects them and their art and uses collected data to explore the real impacts of debt at a time when U.S. credit card debt alone is over one trillion dollars. Albuquerque artist Leonard Fresquez has organized The New Booleggers: Fabricating (Im)Propriety, an installation in which 20 artists explore how high-end commodities are valued and question the worth of such products by producing knock-off versions of popular items.
New York artist Evan Desmond Yee fossilizes outmoded technologies including specific Apple products. He demonstrates how these objects, that have such a hold on us, quickly lose their novelty as they become obsolete. By placing the objects in a geologic context, he also raises questions around corporate influence, environmental neglect and a future in which nature reclaims its place over technology. Mel Chin’s Fundred project is continued as an outreach program with local schools involving hand-made currency used to raise awareness about lead poisoning.
Mel Chin, Christy Chow, Jennifer Dalton, Nina Elder, Ramiro Gomez & David Feldman, Hernan Gomez Chavez, Scott Greene, Keith Hale, Erika Harrsch, Steve Lambert, Lance Ryan McGoldrick, Occupy Museums, Yoshiko Shimano and Evan Desmond Yee.
Taken from the 516 website, click for more details


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The number of airline flights landing at least two hours late has more than doubled in the past two decades, according to a new Brookings Institution report released Thursday.
The national average for all delayed arrivals in 2009 is now nearly one hour, according to “Expect Delays: An Analysis of Air Travel Trends in the United States.”
The average delay in Nashville was nearly that long at 52.9 minutes.
But Nashville had relatively good on-time arrivals with 81 percent of flights arriving as scheduled. The best was Salt Lake City with 86 percent on-time arrivals, while New York posted the worst performance with 66 percent of flights arriving on time.
Most of the airline delays are in 26 metros. Six, in particular, experience worse than average delays: New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Miami, Atlanta and San Francisco.
The Brookings report is a first-of-its-kind analysis of air travel among metro areas as opposed to individual airports.
“Our data shows that the air travel system has never been under so much stress,” said Adie Tomer, a research analyst for the Metropolitan Policy Program and co-author of the report.
“On-time performance has improved recently because the number of people flying is at its lowest point since (Sept. 11, 2001). But as the economy bounces back, air passenger levels will grow, and on-time performance will likely resume its decline.”

domain: geography


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Having recently signed with legendary alternative label Epitaph Records, home to the likes of Bring Me The Horizon, The Offspring and Rancid, Canadian rapper/singer smrtdeath has been validated by the sphere of music that influences him most.
Not that he needed a co-sign, the androgynous red-head has been racking up millions of streams on his own for the past few years, establishing himself as one of the top dogs in the underground scene. With the weight of one of the biggest independent labels in the world behind him and a bunch of new singles ready to go, smrt is about to make his ascent out of the underground and into the consciousness of alternative music fans around the world.
We caught up with smrtdeath from lockdown to chat about securing a record deal, being called an ’emo-rapper’, fashion and his plans for the rest of 2020…
Congrats on signing to Epitaph Records! Being one of the most iconic punk and alternative labels out there, has that given you any sense of validation about your music and what you’re trying to achieve?
Thank you! yeah it’s very cool to sign to Epitaph. I think Brett & everyone over there really understands what I’m trying to do & it’s nice to have such a supportive label. I’m stoked to be recognized in the alternative/punk sphere as I think I often get (somewhat) unnecessarily stuck in the “rap sphere” so to speak. Not that there’s anything wrong with that, rappers are the coolest ever. I’m just also a bit of a rocker you feel me.
Who are some of your favourite artists on the current Epitaph roster?
Culture Abuse is my fav band rn 100%, I love them so much. Also shout out my bro’s & fellow new signees gucci mane [guccihighwaters] and Lil Lotus.
In a world where there’s 100’s of new artists a day uploading their stuff to Soundcloud, how did you make yourself stand out from the pack and achieve the success you’ve got now?
I think it was consistency? I released stuff very steadily at first, also with a lot of videos which I think made a huge difference. Shout out mouthsore! I’m hoping I can continue to “stand out from the pack.” I can’t keep up with how many new super good artists keep popping up! But I think all my new stuff is my best yet so here’s hoping.
‘Emo rap’ is an easy get out when trying to describe your genre-blending sound, but how would you describe the music you make?
Honestly it’s a perfectly good catch-all term but I think anyone in that “lane” (myself included) either cringes at it or will use it more as a self-deprecating punchline, because it kinda sounds silly. Maybe that’s just from being involved with it though, who knows. I’m probably more rap-adjacent vocally than some of my peers but there’s also fools who are bonafide rappers just doing it over guitars. I used to say pop-punk but the new music I’m making is even more all over the place genre-wise. Some have emo influences, pop-punk influences, alternative, rap influences, pop influences uhh… does that answer the question?
You’re not someone that likes sticking to one genre, where do you see your sound going next and what’s inspiring you at the moment?
Haha oh shit I think I just answered this back there but I’m constantly inspired by friends of mine and what they’re doing, as well as getting inspired by the world around me. I think right now what’s been inspiring me is just trying to have fun with it, not taking myself too serious and letting myself make some silly stuff as well as more serious music.
Your look reflects the uniqueness of your sound, where do you find your inspiration when it comes to fashion?
I’ve always had a lot of fun with fashion. I used to spend hours at the thrift, going through everything there and coming up with new looks that way. Now I just go out and grab whatever catches my eye & switch stuff up when I get bored of certain styles. Like recently I got tired of skinny jeans so I’ve been wearing more baggy pants and it puts new life back into all these things I used to wear with skinnier pants. Also shout out to the homies’ brands they’re always inspiring me, people like Sowet, Abvhvn, Lefthand, Whatever 21, Alien Body.
You’ve already collabed with some of the best up and coming artists in the scene, but who would be your absolute dream collab? – alive or dead.
dhananjay the first – if you’re reading this dm me…
You’ve just dropped ‘Back with Me’ alongside a new video, can we expect even more music this year – what’s the plan for 2020?
Lots more singles and videos in the upcoming months. Trying to keep content at a steady pace because I’m sitting on so much stuff that I really want to share, and hopefully, people will enjoy it.
Finally, will smrtdeath be hitting the UK anytime soon?
I want to come to the UK so bad! I have some friends there I love and I hope I have some fans too. definitely sooner than later.
Interview by Johno Ramsay

domain: entertainment


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domain: library


Russian hardliners finally get their man
Kozyrev resignation: Communist success in parliamentary elections makes position of liberal Foreign Minister untenable
Saturday 06 January 1996
Andrei Kozyrev, Russia's Western-leaning Foreign Minister, resigned yesterday. His departure had been widely predicted since the Communists, who accused him of selling out Moscow's interests, won the parliamentary elections in December.
Interfax news agency quoted sources close to Mr Kozyrev as saying he had sent a letter of resignation to President Boris Yeltsin. The minister said in his letter that he had decided to represent the voters of Murmansk, who elected him to a seat in the State Duma in the recent parliamentary elections.
The presidential press service said Mr Yeltsin had issued a decree releasing Mr Kozyrev. No successor was immediately named.
Moscow hastened to assure the world it would maintain a steady foreign policy. "Western countries should not regard the resignation of Andrei Kozyrev from the post of Foreign Minister as any kind of threat or as an indication of change in Russia's foreign policy," said Mr Yeltsin's spokesman, Sergei Medvedev.
In the past, Russian cabinet ministers have lost their jobs only to be reinstated as part of the elaborate political game here. But this is most unlikely to happen in the case of Mr Kozyrev, who has been under pressure for months. Following the election, Mr Yeltsin must make some sacrifices in order to keep his reformist Prime Minister, Viktor Chernomyrdin, and the key economic team around him.
Mr Kozyrev, relatively young at 44, had served Mr Yeltsin loyally since he became President in 1991. Pro-Western at heart, the Foreign Minister toughened his rhetoric to appease Communists and nationalists who began gaining influence in 1993.
But this was insufficient for the hardliners who saw him, in practice, co-operating with the West over such issues as bringing peace to the former Yugoslavia.
Last autumn, Mr Yeltsin made clear he would not hesitate to use Mr Kozyrev as a scapegoat if his own political survival depended on it. On the eve of an important presidential visit to France and the United States, he publicly humiliated the Foreign Minister by saying his job was on the line, only to reprieve him and take him on the trip at the last minute.
Mr Kozyrev saw the writing on the wall and stood in the parliamentary poll. Under the Russian political system, a deputy cannot also be a minister. Mr Kozyrev saw Mr Yeltsin a few days ago and evidently realised he had no hope of keeping his job at the Foreign Ministry.
Pressure from the hardliners clearly brought about Mr Kozyrev's downfall. But it is by no means certain Mr Yeltsin will choose a new foreign minister from the ranks of the Communists, now the biggest party in parliament, far less from the nationalists loyal to Vladimir Zhirinovsky, who form the third largest group in the Duma. Mr Zhirinovsky has put himself forward for the post, however.
The favourite for the job, Vladimir Lukin, comes from the liberal Yabloko grouping, whose support the government party, Our Home is Russia, is trying to win in order to keep the Communists and nationalists at bay.
Yesterday Mr Lukin, a former ambassador to the United States, welcomed Mr Kozyrev's resignation, saying it was a necessary development.
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A new report about the state of preservation of the Pantanal wetland in Brazil reveals how important it is to look beyond the borders of conservation areas.
A study by WWF-Brazil, the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB) and the Tuiuiú Foundation, has revealed bad news for the Pantanal: only 45% of the headwaters region of the Pantanal is preserved, and its legal reserve has a deficit of approximately 392,000 hectares.
The headwaters are found in the Alto Paraguay basin. ‘Headwaters’ are the waterways that feed the great wetland. Without a healthy supply of water from the headwaters, the Pantanal – the largest wetland on Earth and a crucial water supply for people and nature in the South American continent – simply wouldn’t exist.
WWF-Brazil has protected it since the 1960s, launching the Pantanal Pact in 2012 to protect the region’s water resources. We have restored springs, adapting rural roads and helped farmers install eco-septic tanks for their homesteads.
The Pantanal wetland at dusk. © André Dib/WWF-Brasil
To date, the Pact has guaranteed good water-quality in almost 750km of rivers in the headwaters. This activities have not only helped protect the Pantanal, but have also benefitted the families who live on the Alto Paraguay River Basin.
Now the Pantanal itself is 82% protected, but greater protection must be extended to the rest of the wider ecosystem if its future is to be preserved.
“If the plateau (in the headwater region) remains as poorly preserved as it is now or worsens, the flood plain will undergo drastic changes, and in the future we will witness a reduction in the preservation of this area too,” says Júlio César Sampaio, coordinator of the Cerrado Pantanal Program.
Sadly, this new report indicates is that sometimes simply protecting a region under threat isn’t enough to achieve long-term conservation. We must take a holistic look at the region, at the systems of feedback and interrelated ecosystems, and apply solutions which tackle the problem in its entirety.
The good news is this can be exceptionally beneficial to the people who live in the region and rely on its waters. Indeed, with water increasingly under pressure, it is the only way that we can ensure just allocation of water, and a future for our wonderful, complex planet.


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- Baking Ingredients
- Baking Cocoa
- Sweet Ground Chocolate and Cocoa Powders
- "I received my duck sauce order quickly and without problems. Thanks for the fine service. I will shop with you again!
- "Everything arrived safe and sound and we're really happy with the service. Not only was your price for Izze much cheaper than some of the other places we looked, the shipment arrived extremely well packed and quickly! Thanks for your service; we would recommend your company to anyone we know looking for inexpensive cases of fine foods and drinks.
Products in Sweet Ground Chocolate and Cocoa Powders
Sweet Ground Chocolate and Cocoa Powders
Ghirardelli Sweet Ground Chocolate and Cocoa is available in 50 pound, 30 pound and 10 pound bulk as well as 3 pound cans, packed six per case. Product Care and Usage: Store in a cool and dry place. Preparation Instructions: 12 oz. Cafe Mocha: Place 3 tablespoons GHIRARDELLI GROUND CHOCOLATE in a large glass. Add a shot of espresso and stir. Fill to top of glass with steamed milk. Top with whipped cream and a sprinkle of GHIRARDELLI GROUND CHOCOLATE, if desired. Cappuccino: Sprinkle GHIRARDELLI GROUND CHOCOLATE over steamed milk added to espresso coffee. For a 16 oz. drink, add 4 tbsp. of Sweet Ground Chocolate and 1-2 shots espresso to 12-14 oz. of steamed milk.

domain: food