|Publication number||US4243971 A|
|Application number||US 06/082,572|
|Publication date||Jan 6, 1981|
|Filing date||Oct 9, 1979|
|Priority date||Nov 28, 1978|
|Also published as||DE2851333A1, EP0011680A1, EP0011680B1|
|Publication number||06082572, 082572, US 4243971 A, US 4243971A, US-A-4243971, US4243971 A, US4243971A|
|Inventors||Wadym Suchowerskyj, Berthold Seibel, Peter Werner|
|Original Assignee||Robert Bosch Gmbh|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (34), Classifications (11)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The invention relates to electrically actuated passenger retraint systems for automobiles. More particularly, the invention relates to an electronic test circuit for insuring the operability and correct functioning of the restraint system upon each application of the electrical power thereto. The test circuit includes means for preventing an unintentional actuation of the passenger restraint system during the testing cycle.
In a known test circuit for testing the correct functioning of a passenger restraint system, described in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,911,391, the output stage of the system which normally actuates the restraint system is blocked during the test program. Accordingly, it is impossible to detect any possible defect in the output stage. In some passenger restraint systems, for example the so-called air bag restraints, in which a collision of the vehicle with an obstacle results in the automatic inflation of an air bag to protect the occupants, an intentional release can be as dangerous as a failure to deploy. Accordingly, the entire system including the output stage should be checked at regular intervals.
It is thus a principal object of the present invention to provide a test circuit for a passenger restraint system which tests the correct functioning not only of all electronics serving to detect and process the actuation signals occurring in a collision, but also to test the correct functioning of the power output stage of the circuit, in particular of the power output transistor whose conduction causes a current to flow through the firing element or fuse of the safety or restraint system. This object is attained according to the invention by providing a testing circuit which places an auxiliary semiconductor switch in series with the power output transistor of the restraint system. The test circuit according to the invention prevents a simultaneous conduction of the two semiconductor switches.
In a favorable feature of the invention, the test program has a first testing interval in which the power output transistor of the restraint system as well as the auxiliary semiconductor switch are both blocked and the voltage occurring therebetween is used as a control signal. This connection provides additional assurance against unintentional release of the system when the operating power is applied because, if the power output semiconductor were to become conductive due to an erroneous actuation signal or for some other reason, it would not result in a deployment of the passenger restraint system. Another advantageous feature of the invention is to use the voltage occurring between the two semiconductor switches as input for two different threshold circuits which permits testing the semiconductor elements as well as the magnitude of the applied voltage.
Still further features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following detailed description of a preferred exemplary embodiment which relates to the drawing.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a testing circuit according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating the magnitude of various signals at different parts of the circuit as a function of time.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a passenger restraint system or other passenger safety system 11, for example an air bag deployment device 11, is actuated by a known release mechanism 10 which is activated by a signal from an acceleration detector 12. The acceleration signal from the detector 12 may be proportional to acceleration or it may be a signal which occurs when the acceleration experienced by the vehicle exceeds a given limit. The acceleration signal is fed to a discriminator and processor circuit 13 of known construction which tests the received signal to determine if it is due to an accident, i.e., the collision of the vehicle with some obstacle, or if it was produced spuriously by other accelerations of the vehicle, for example those occurring due to heavy braking or passage of the vehicle over very irregular road surfaces. If the discriminator 13 determines that a collision has occurred, it produces an output signal which is applied to the base of the power output transistor 14, causing it to conduct current from the positive pole of a power supply, not shown, received on a contact 15. The current conducted by the transistor 14 may pass, for example, through an incandescent wire which ignites a chemical explosive compound which generates gases that abruptly expand an air bag. An actuating system 10 to which the invention may be applied is described, for example, in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,911,391.
The actuating element of the passenger restraint or safety device 11 is connected to ground or the negative pole of the power supply via the parallel connection of a transistor 16 and a resistor 17. A further resistor 18 is connected in parallel with the power output transistor 14. The resistance values of the resistors 17, 18 are very high by comparison to the resistance of the actuating element 11 of the passenger restraint system. Accordingly, any current capable of passing through the series connection of the safety device actuator 11 and one of the resistors 17, 18 is insufficient to fire the safety device actuator 11.
The junction of the safety device actuator and the resistor 17 is connected to the inputs of two threshold circuits 19, 20. The output of the threshold circuit 19 is connected to one input of an OR gate 21 which can energize a warning or control lamp 22, possibly through an amplifier, not shown. The output of the threshold circuit 19 is further connected to one input of an AND gate 23 whose output constitutes the input of a first current source 24. The output of the threshold circuit 20 is connected through an AND gate 25 to the input of a second current source 26 and via an inverter 27 to a further input of the AND gate 23 as well as to one input of another AND gate 28. It is still further connected to one input of an AND gate 29. The output of the AND gate 28 feeds the input of a third current source 30. The output of the AND gate 29 is connected to the base of the transistor 16. Power from the contact 15 is applied to a threshold switch 41. The output of the threshold switch 41 is connected to a further input of the AND gate 29 and, via an inverter 31, to a further input of the OR gate 21 as well as to the control input of a current sink 32. The outputs of the current sources 24, 26, 30 and the current input of the current sink 32 are jointly connected to one side of a capacitor 33, the other side of which is grounded. The current sources and sinks 24, 26, 30, 32, together with the capacitor 33, constitute a current integrator 34 having three discrete constants of integration. The integrator 34 and the three subsequent threshold circuits 35-37 constitute a system of timing elements. The output of the threshold circuit 35 is connected to a further input of the AND gate 25 as well as through an AND gate 38 to the input of the detector and discriminator circuit 13 of the trigger circuit 10. The output of the threshold circuit 36 is applied to a further input of the AND gate 28 and also via an inverter 39 to a further input of the AND gate 38. Finally, the output of the threshold switch 37 is connected to a further input of the AND gate 29 and, via an inverter 40, to a further input of the OR gate 20.
The operation and function of the circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 will now be explained with the aid of the timing diagram of FIG. 2. In the timing diagram of FIG. 2, the voltages shown as ordinates are either output voltages of circuit elements identified by the reference numeral or are voltages carried by circuit elements having the same reference numeral.
If power of potential U15 is applied to the contact 15 at the time t0, both conductors 14, 16 are initially blocked. Accordingly, the inputs of the two threshold circuits 19 and 20 receive a voltage which is determined by the ratio of resistances of the resistors 17, 18 and the magnitude of the supply voltage. Inasmuch as the resistance of the safety device actuator 11 is relatively low, it has no practical effect on the voltage applied to the threshold switches 19 and 20. If the resistances 17, and 18 are chosen to be, for example, equal, the voltage applied to the threshold circuits 19, 20 will be one-half the supply voltage. In that case, it is suitable to adjust the threshold of the circuit 19 to a value S19 slightly below one-half of the supply voltage and to adjust the threshold S20 of the threshold circuit 20 to a value lying somewhat above one-half of the supply voltage. If both transistors 14, 16 are operative and function correctly, they will both be blocked and in that case, only the threshold switch 19 will respond to the applied voltage. Due to the presence of the inverter 27, both inputs of the AND gate 24 receive, for example, logical 1 signals, which energize the current source 24. The current flowing from the current source 24 charges the capacitor 33 until the voltage thereon has reached the value S35 at the time t1. This time must be so chosen, either by adjusting the current flowing from the source 24 or by adjusting the threshold S35, that any spurious signals which may occur due to the application of the supply voltage have definitely decayed. In the known triggering device 10 it would be possible, for example, for such spurious signals to cause an accidental deployment of the passenger restraint system under certain circumstances. The current source 24 includes a current-limiting mechanism which prevents charging the capacitor 33 to a voltage exceeding a value just above S35. Accordingly, the voltage on the capacitor 33 cannot reach the levels S36 or S37 without actuation of the current sources 26 or 30.
The voltage applied at the contact 15 is also checked for the correct magnitude by a threshold switch 41. If the supply voltage U15 lies below the minimum permissible value S41, the threshold switch 41 does not respond and holds the AND gate 29 in a continuously blocked condition while the inverter 31 turns on the current sink 32 which prevents any charging of the capacitor 33. The presence of the threshold circuit 41 provides additional safety, causing blockage of the transistor 16 even when the supply voltage U15 collapses at a later time, thus preventing unintentional release of the safety device due to supply voltage reductions.
The response of the threshold circuit 35 initiates the second programmed testing phase by causing the AND gate 38 to generate a simulated trigger signal at the input of the discriminator circuit 13. If this circuit 13 functions correctly and if the output power transistor 14 also functions correctly, the trigger signal will cause the transistor 14 to become conducting after the passage of a certain amount of time. When the transistor 14 conducts, the voltage at the input of the threshold circuits 19, 20 rises to substantially the full supply voltage. In this process, the threshold S20 is crossed so that both threshold circuits 19, 20 generate the same output signal, for example, a logical 1. Accordingly, the current source 24 is shut off and the current source 26 is turned on. The capacitor 33 continues to be charged by current flowing from the current source 26 until the voltage across the capacitor 33 reaches the level S36 at the time t2. This occurrence terminates the second programmed testing phase and the simulated trigger signal U38 is shut off by the changing output of the inverter 39 which blocks the gate 38. The current source 26 also contains a current limiter which limits the charge on the capacitor 33 to a value such that the voltage cannot exceed the value S36 by more than a given amount. If the output transistor 14 functions correctly, it will return into its non-conducting state after the passage of a short amount of time so that the voltage U17 drops to one-half the supply voltage causing the threshold circuit 20 to switch over to a logical 0 output signal which shuts off the current source 26 and turns on the current source 30 via the inverter 27 and the AND gate 28. Current flowing from the current source 30 now charges the capacitor 33 still higher until the voltage thereon crosses the threshold S37. The changing output signal of the threshold circuit 37 causes the AND gate 29 to render the transistor 16 conducting and it remains conducting until the supply voltage is removed or falls below the threshold S41 as illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 2 at the time t4. The time t3 constitutes the termination of the testing program and the release mechanism of the safety device is operational thereafter.
At the initiation of the testing cycle, i.e., when power is first applied to the circuit, the logical 0 at the output of the threshold circuit 37 causes the signal light 22 to be energized. The signal light 22 is deenergized at the end of the testing program, i.e., when the threshold circuit 37 responds and the signal U20 ends. However, if the supply voltage is lower than the nominal value U41 and half the supply voltage lies below the value S19, the light 22 continues to be energized, signaling a defect to the driver. The light will also remain on if the test program cannot be terminated. If the entire system functions correctly, the signal lamp 22 will light very briefly and uniform the driver of the correct operation.
If a number of passenger safety devices are disposed in a single vehicle, the circuit according to the invention may be provided in multiple units or several safety devices 11 can be connected in parallel and tested together. It is also possible to test a plurality of safety devices, each actuated independently by separate power output circuits 14, by connection to the collector of the transistor 16 for common testing.
The testing circuit according to the invention may also be embodied as a purely digital circuit. For such an embodiment, the current sources 24, 26, 30 may be replaced, for example, by counters which receive signal trains of different frequency under the control of the AND gates 23, 25, 28 and the inverter 31. The place of the threshold circuits 35-37 would then be taken by decoding circuits which respond to particular counter contents or by digital comparators. The function of the circuit described above may also be performed advantageously by a microprocessor.
The duration of the simulated trigger signal U38 is of critical importance for testing the correct functioning of the discriminator circuit 13. In particular, the duration of the signal U38 could be so chosen as to just permit the discriminator circuit 13 to respond to a signal of that duration if it functions correctly. The duration of the signal U38 may be precisely determined by a monostable multi-vibrator connected behind the AND gate 38. If the discriminator 13 is defective with respect to recognizing the correct length of the simulated trigger signal, the application of the output signal of the discriminator 13 to the transistor 14 may be prevented. This action interrupts the testing cycle and causes the signal light 22 to remain lit up.
The foregoing description relates to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention which is subject to variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Current sources / sink 24,26,30,32 might be e.g. the IC: CA 3080 (RCA).
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US3601655 *||May 25, 1970||Aug 24, 1971||Chrysler Corp||Circuit continuity monitoring, warning and proving device|
|US3818431 *||Feb 20, 1973||Jun 18, 1974||Nissan Motor||Fault detector for motor vehicle safety device|
|US3863208 *||Feb 19, 1974||Jan 28, 1975||Eaton Corp||Vehicle safety system control circuit having a malfunction indicator|
|US3931527 *||Jul 5, 1974||Jan 6, 1976||Nippon Soken, Inc.||Ignition circuit for vehicle occupant protecting system|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4322847 *||Mar 10, 1980||Mar 30, 1982||International Business Machines Corporation||Automatic indirect testing to verify operational control|
|US4346913 *||Jun 12, 1980||Aug 31, 1982||Robert Bosch Gmbh||False release registering circuit for collision protective devices|
|US4535598 *||May 14, 1984||Aug 20, 1985||Carrier Corporation||Method and control system for verifying sensor operation in a refrigeration system|
|US4614876 *||Jul 18, 1984||Sep 30, 1986||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Vehicle passenger restraint system|
|US4641041 *||Jun 19, 1985||Feb 3, 1987||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Circuit arrangement for registering false release signals for a restraint system|
|US4804859 *||Mar 11, 1988||Feb 14, 1989||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Trigger circuit for a safety system|
|US4845377 *||Mar 16, 1988||Jul 4, 1989||Marten Swart||Circuit arrangement for the actuation of a safety system|
|US4853623 *||Nov 8, 1988||Aug 1, 1989||Audi Ag||Method for testing airbag system release circuit|
|US4893109 *||Oct 5, 1988||Jan 9, 1990||Ford Motor Company||Airbag electrical igniter readiness detector|
|US4950915 *||Mar 3, 1988||Aug 21, 1990||Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh||Impact sensor with a testing circuit for a vehicle|
|US4985835 *||Jan 24, 1989||Jan 15, 1991||Audi Ag||Method and apparatus for activating a motor vehicle safety system|
|US5003190 *||Jul 8, 1988||Mar 26, 1991||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Acceleration pickup, especially for release of occupant protecting devices in the event of accident|
|US5038134 *||May 24, 1989||Aug 6, 1991||Nippondenso Co., Ltd.||Releasing circuit for actuating vehicular safety device|
|US5058920 *||Sep 5, 1987||Oct 22, 1991||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Method for actuating a safety device for vehicle occupants|
|US5155376 *||Jun 14, 1990||Oct 13, 1992||Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd.||Vehicle safety device actuating circuit with monitoring current regulator|
|US5164901 *||Dec 5, 1991||Nov 17, 1992||Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc.||Method and apparatus for testing a vehicle occupant restraint system|
|US5176214 *||Jun 20, 1990||Jan 5, 1993||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Safety system for motor-vehicle occupants|
|US5194755 *||Mar 4, 1991||Mar 16, 1993||Ford Motor Company||Airbag triggering system|
|US5221918 *||Aug 12, 1991||Jun 22, 1993||Saturn Corporation||Back-up warning lamp useful for supplemental inflatable restraint systems|
|US5433101 *||Jul 12, 1993||Jul 18, 1995||Ford Motor Company||Method and apparatus for self-testing a single-point automotive impact sensing system|
|US5459449 *||Mar 10, 1994||Oct 17, 1995||Delco Electronics Corporation||Method and apparatus for diagnosing shorts in a SIR system|
|US5461358 *||Sep 8, 1993||Oct 24, 1995||Delco Electronics Corporation||Resistance measurement circuit for external deployment path of sir system|
|US5544914 *||Dec 27, 1994||Aug 13, 1996||Ford Motor Company||Air bag disabler control circuit|
|US6088639 *||Oct 3, 1997||Jul 11, 2000||Delco Electronics Corporation||Method of enabling and disabling occupant restraints|
|US6139053 *||Apr 14, 1998||Oct 31, 2000||Autoliv Asp, Inc.||Single point acceleration sensor|
|US6185488||Apr 2, 1998||Feb 6, 2001||Denso Corporation||Diagnosing apparatus for passenger protective systems|
|US6253132 *||Jan 4, 1999||Jun 26, 2001||Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.||Air bag apparatus|
|US6365987 *||Dec 26, 2000||Apr 2, 2002||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Device for triggering and method for operating an occupant protection device of a motor vehicle using a testable acceleration switch|
|US6587050||Jul 24, 2001||Jul 1, 2003||Eaton Corporation||Oscillator activated continuity testing switch|
|US6653846||Sep 14, 2001||Nov 25, 2003||Eaton Corporation||Multifunction circuit continuity and sensor tester|
|US8061733 *||Jan 25, 2006||Nov 22, 2011||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Safety system|
|US20040094158 *||Nov 12, 2003||May 20, 2004||Respironics, Inc.||Nasal mask and system using same|
|USRE34637 *||Sep 22, 1992||Jun 14, 1994||Robert Bosch Gmbh||Method for actuating a safety device for vehicle occupants|
|EP0343579A2 *||May 23, 1989||Nov 29, 1989||Nippondenso Co., Ltd.||Releasing circuit for actuating vehicular safety device|
|U.S. Classification||340/438, 340/516, 340/436|
|International Classification||G01R31/00, B60R21/01, G08B25/00, B60R21/16, G08B29/02, G08B23/00|


text:
2016 (English)In: Nordic Superintendents: Agents in a Broken Chain / [ed] Lejf Moos, Elisabet Nihlfors, Jan Merok Paulsen, London: Springer, 2016, 1, 233-264 p.Chapter in book (Refereed)
This thematic chapter analyses both similarities and differences between the political cultures of the participating Nordic countries. It has been demonstrated that a country’s specific political culture has a great impact on the way its schooling system is organised. This view was centred on national cultures. In the Nordic countries, with their traditions of decentralised systems, many of the most important decision are taken by the municipal systems. Therefore this chapter seeks to apply the concepts of national political culture to the local municipal level. The chapter aims to explore the differences between the Nordic countries’ schooling systems through the lens of how different political cultures influence the organisation of the national school systems and draw them in different directions.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London: Springer, 2016, 1. 233-264 p.
, Educational Governance Reseearch, ISSN 2365-9548 ; 2
Municipalities, Nordic School systems, State vs municipality, Organizational levels, coceptual framwork
Educational Sciences Political Science
Research subject utbildningsledarskap; statskunskap
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-113706DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25106-6_8ISBN: 978-3-319-25104-2ISBN: 978-3-319-25106-6OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-113706DiVA: diva2:889347

domain: sociology


text:
Risky, Illiquid Business Development Company Was Not Suitable for Many Investors
If you are someone who invested in the Sierra Income Corporation, you may have lost money. This business development company (BDC) is a non-traded investment.
Earlier this year, Sierra Income suffered losses after its announced merger with Medley Capital Corp. and Medley Management Inc. was terminated because of the economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19. Not long after that, the company announced that it was suspending monthly distributions.

domain: finance


text:
The median price paid for a Bay Area home slipped below $500,000 for the first time in more than four years as potential buyers waited on the sidelines for prices to drop even lower.
The median price fell to $485,000 last month, down 6.2 percent from May’s $517,000, and 27.1 percent below the $665,000 median price in June 2007, according to a new report from DataQuick.
Last month’s median price was the lowest since March 2004, when it stood at $469,500, shortly before it surpassed the half-million mark in May of the same year.
The median price has fallen for seven consecutive months on a year-over-year basis, thanks to both home price depreciation and a shift towards more lower-end sales in inland regions.
The four most expensive counties in the Bay Area; Marin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and San Francisco, accounted for a combined 42 percent of sales, down from 49 percent a year earlier.
A total of 7,178 new and resale homes and condos sold in nine Bay Area counties last month, up 15.5 percent from 6,216 in May, but down 9.9 percent from 7,964 in June 2007.
It was the second-slowest June on record since the company began collecting data in 1988.
As with SoCal, foreclosure resale activity was strong, accounting for 28.7 percent of all Bay Area resales in June, up from just 3.5 percent a year ago.
Jumbo mortgage financing accounted for 28.8 percent of June sales, down from nearly 65 percent of all Bay Area purchase loans a year earlier.


text:
Especially Moroccans and Antilleans do not want to become a law enforcement agent.
Research done by Motivaction among 1 024 young people show that the police have a huge imagery problem as far as foreigners are concerned. From those with Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese and Antillean backgrounds, 56 percent say “certainly do not” want to work for the police. Among native Dutch people it is only 31 percent.
The poll – commissioned by the National Police – was conducted in 2015 and 2016 and has never been published before.
According to police, the results show that they should be recruiting “new Dutch” officers. They have been, for example, deployed neighbourhood agents to search for foreign talent at local schools.
The police have also showered money on social media recruitment campaigns and special recruiting agents have been employed to recruit those with non-Western backgrounds.
The aversion among immigrants to work for the police is high, according to reactions on the investigation. Immigrant youngsters have the impression that the police are “discriminating” or that the police in their eyes are an unfair organisation. Dutch agents are labeled “racist”, “impatient” and “white” by foreigners. “You hear that they act recklessly, and shoot people at random” says an immigrant youngster.
Also, foreigners expect disapproving reactions from family and friends if they join the police. A quarter of the immigrant youths furthermore thought it would be impossible to pass the screening test required. This applies to only 7 percent of Dutch young people. Immigrants count on extra problems because the screening of relatives is part of the selection process.
Especially Moroccans and Antilleans see little advantage in a police career. Only 12 percent of Antillean youths and 15 percent of Moroccan youths think it’s possible to ever join the police. Among Dutch young people, it is 39 percent higher. Cop chief Erik Akerboom the National Police wants a quarter of the new agents to have a migration background by 2018.
The police has announced that in recent years more immigrants have begun training with the police. They suggested that there have now been considerable steps taken to improve their image as an employer for these target groups. “The percentage of aspirants with a migration background has increased from 10 percent in 2013 to more than 19 percent in 2016. By 2017, this rising line should continue.”
But the Dutch daily, De Telegraaf – the most read newspaper in the country – had tried to obtain criminality rates among asylum seekers through a FOI request, but the National Dutch Police refused, saying that they did not keep numbers on asylum seeker and migrant crime.
Yet according to De Telegraaf, Amsterdam police collects data on the request of the mayor and a “Migration and Foreigners crime” taskforce employs analysts to study migrant crime.
The police later retracted their initial statement to De Telegraaf saying the numbers did exist although they were unable to release them due to “the importance of current investigations”.
Now after a long tussle the Dutch daily has finally managed to obtain the data.
According to the data, 663 migrants were arrested in the first nine months of 2016 for theft.
Another 302 were arrested for “crimes against personal integrity” such as GBH, sexual offences and other forms of violence.
By far the biggest share of criminal asylum seekers come from Albania, Georgia, Morocco and Algeria, which are all deemed safe countries meaning that the bulk of migrants have almost no chance of a positive asylum decision.
De Telegraaf reported that more recent data suggests a shift in migrants from Muslim countries in Europe such as Albania towards North African countries.
In total, two thirds of all suspected asylum seekers come from safe countries. According to Dutch police, criminal migrants are travelling through Europe and target asylum centres with the best facilities and chances of remaining.
When they are faced with deportation, they take their leave and travel to the next European country, De Telegraaf reported.

domain: politics


It is important for government to be able to have money because without that, it is not possible for that government to operate and one of the ways that the government is usually able to increase the amount of money that they are making or that they need for the budget is by collection of tax. The process of tax collection can be complicated to certain government and that is the reason why very many governments all over the world today are sitting different kinds of regulations that are usually geared towards catching people who are not careful about the payment of their taxes and this is something that is very important for you to be able to consider the moment you have not paid your taxes. It is important to note that the tax filing process is usually very helpful in terms of reducing the amount of trouble that you can get from the government but if you’re not knowledgeable enough regarding the things that you supposed to do for you to be able to file your tax successfully, it is important for you to be able to hire professionals who can be able to do it for you.
One of the major reasons why the use of tax filing services is beneficial to you is because these companies are usually able to understand the different kinds of procedures that must be followed for you to be able to file your tax successfully and this is something that is very important because without doing that, you’re going to put yourself in trouble. There are a number of things that must be done for you to be able to successfully file your taxes the government but if you’re not knowledgeable enough regarding these things, you’re going to have a very hard time being able to file the tax and that is the major reason why you really need to be able to consider the kinds of companies that you work with or how you’re able to file your tax.
These companies also are able to save you a lot of time because they’re doing the whole job for you many that you do not have to waste time doing the tax filing process and you can concentrate that time to do something else that can be beneficial for the operations of the business. One thing that you’re going to realize the moment you decide with tax filing services is that they know the tips that can be able to help you to pay less tax also.


text:
A Foodie Tour on the Umbrian/Tuscan Border
Arrival - Rome, Friday morning. Check in to your hotel and enjoy a relaxed day in
Rome. Have dinner in a local ristorante and stay overnight to awake refreshed and ready for the Umbrian countryside. (An optional three-hour afternoon tour with a bi-lingual guide can be arranged.)
Saturday - Take train from Rome Termini to Terontola, where we pick up rental cars and drive to our 200-year old stone farmhouse(s). Since check in is after 3pm, we will have time to enjoy the drive, stop for lunch and a visit to a local alimentary (grocery store) to buy our supplies. Our houses are stocked with basics but most everything is closed on Sundays so it is best to get a few days of supplies before getting to the houses.
Spend the evening in a local hill town enjoying the sunset and regional specialties like wild boar, pasta with truffles, or lamb.
Sunday - Brunch at a local market/restaurant specializing in locally-made organic products. Drive the hilltop ridges for an orientation to the area and for the beautiful vistas. Visit a local farm, either an organic farm or an alpaca farm. Evening cooking lesson.
Monday - Start the day with yoga by the pool. Then a half day trip to Cortona with its Etruscan museum, winding cobblestone streets, and the church of Santa Margherita, Stop into a local regional food specialist. Spend the evening at home for a wine or olive oil tasting. Or, take a day trip to Montefalco with a winery visit and tasting, Visit the Gozzoli frescoes and sip coffee in the piazza; as you wish.
Tuesday - Half day rip to Montepulciano, in the Tuscan wine country, with a visit to Master Cesare, coppersmith. Cooking lesson in the evening - perhaps a series of regional antipasti. Or maybe a half day trip to Anghiari with a visit to the Busatti linens factory and local basketmakers.
Wednesday - A slow day starting at our weekly outdoor market, grab a porchetta sandwich for lunch or try a little restaurant in town, then over to Umbria’s capital city, Perugia for the evening passegiata. People watch in the piazza or visit one of the many museums, churches or luxurious shops in the centro. Have a coffee or a beer at Sandri, a locally renown café on the piazza. Window shop Perugia's sophisticated Corso.
Thursday – Free day for lounging by the pool, reading in the shade or additional touring, as you wish.
Friday - Day trip to the wine and olive oil museums in Torgiano with lunch at the Lungarotti restaurant. Dinner at home with a hands on cooking demonstration. (Could be the making of olive bread, or roman bread crumb pasta, or salt encrusted whole salmon.) Or perhaps a vespa tour around Lake Trasimeno?
Saturday - A 9 am check out. Drive to Chiusi and drop off cars. Take train to Rome, have dinner, relax and stay overnight.
Sunday, - Fly out of Rome's Fiumicino airport mid-morning for an evening arrival home. Or start your tour of Rome...
villa vacations, Italian vacations in the countryside, Forking Delicious tours, foodie tours, European countryside tours, Italy, Umbria, Italian travel, Umbrian travel, villa farmhouse rentals, Kathryn A. Simon, Italian culture, Italian adventure, Italian food, artisanal crafts, slow travel, slow food, slow life, in campagna, farmhouse vacations, Perugia, Gubbio, Montone, Cortona, Lake Trasimeno, Assisi, Umbertide, Citta di Caste, italian travel

domain: geography


text:
I walk into a classroom at the extraordinary early childhood center where I work, and watch a teacher kneeling or sitting at the height of one of her two-year-olds, one hand holding his, eyes meeting eyes.
Noah, I can see you’re having a hard time finding a way to play with Ari. Let’s make a plan for how you can do this. You could either play with a different toy, or wait until your friend finishes. Which one would you like to choose?
I get goosebumps listening. This signals: Important.
And there’s a lifting sensation in my chest – relief – and I see the same thing in the little one’s calmer face and body.
This kind of scene reminds me of how appreciative I am of the power of my brain to help me find pathways out of a place of confusion (What should I do now?) and frustration (I want something, but I don’t know how to get it!).
I was there this year. I’m pretty sure others have been there too (and I’m always grateful when I come across an open and honest post that describes these vulnerable part of our creative journey).
We adults find ourselves in parallel situations, not overwhelmed because we want to use the stethoscope from the doctor kit, but for other reasons that are as complex to us as the toys are to the two-year-old.
I found myself in this emotional environment this past year after an unpredictable disappointment, which I refuse to call it a disaster even though that’s how it felt at the time (I could never let myself put it in the same category as anything that involved human safety or life).
After recovering sufficiently from the shock, I put away a manuscript that was, and is, close to my heart. Then I turned on my journey to gaze into the empty spaces of Next.
And there, as I headed to the land of Next, I got lost.
Not right away, but ultimately.
At first, my brain filled with questions, all of which felt like I was digging into my own body and pulling out strings of things – anything, something! – that would be meaningful. I wrote poetry, revised picture books, wrote new work that I loved.
I told myself I didn’t care, because I was writing, and that’s what mattered to me.
And while that was true to some extent, I began to grow a little impatient.
But my next project evaded me. Nothing held. Nothing embedded itself in the parts of my brain that handle the heart and the cognition that unite for what feels like passionate belief in a work in progress. Nothing needed me.
I kept writing, but I knew this would not do for much longer. As I figuratively looked around at all the options I had pulled out of myself – picture books, poetry for adults, the couple dozen verses about a loss in my younger life that could be the centerpiece of middle grade or young adult fiction, or turn into a memoir – I began to feel confused and overwhelmed with too many options.
That’s when I knew I was lost.
That’s when I knew, like the early childhood teachers I have the honor of watching every day, that the lost part of me, the little girl inside the adult, needed a plan. And more than that, I needed and wanted help to create the plan.
The minute I contacted my chosen helpers to set up time to talk, I felt relief and hope.
The difference in creating my plan was that it had to be purposeful, crafted carefully to take into account the realities of the publishing business, a full-time day job that I love, financial concerns, and my introverted personality that no one much knows about except when it comes roaring to the front lines when I attend gatherings of writers.
This plan – very different than setting “goals,” by the way – created specific steps to accomplish in a fairly clear order – gives me plenty of work to fill the next few years.
The plan itself, and the connection with my plan-mentors, nudged me forward on a new path that carried me away from the intersection where I’d been stuck. I never felt unproductive, but I’d begun to feel like my daily writing was creating a nest, rather than helping me walk forward.
My new plan does not answer the question of what my next writing project will be. But perhaps that’s because I was not really finished with the previous one.
Rescued from my files, I’m about to begin yet another revision. What will happen to it, I do not know. But I feel for the first time in many months that every day I move my own story ahead.

domain: artistic


After a year as exhausting and awful as 2020, everyone seems ready to welcome in the new year and leave 2020 in the rearview mirror. Moving forward into 2021, it can be tempting to try and forget this past year ever even happened. Despite the hardships of 2020, the lessons it taught need to be remembered and carried into the new year.
COVID-19 hit hard in 2020 and is the primary reason most people want to forget this year ever happened. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between Jan. 21 and Dec. 29 the United States has suffered over 19 million cases of COVID-19, and more than 335,000 deaths.
In Illinois, things don’t look much better, with Tier 3 mitigations still in effect after a resurgence of cases in November. McLean County has reported its highest numbers of COVID-19-related deaths for the year in this month. This isn’t to dampen anyone’s holiday spirits. We just cannot ignore the impact this year has had on our communities, country and world as we move forward.
The continued presence of COVID-19 means that we must keep following safety guidelines in 2021. As hard as it has been to stay separated from loved ones over this year, it would be so much worse to have gone all this time only to become lax now. While 2020 is coming to an end, there is still a long road ahead of us to getting COVID-19 under control, and we have to stand with each other — 6 feet apart of course — to cross that finish line.
However, COVID-19 was not the only major event of this year, nor the only thing we should carry with us into 2021. Following the May 25 death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police, issues of racial bias — particularly in the actions of the police when encountering Black men and women on the job — exploded into the public view.
Across the nation, and in other parts of the world, the cry went out to address the racial discrimination embedded in our social institutions. Black Lives Matter protests took place across the country and locally in Bloomington-Normal to address the terrifying and deadly consequences of bias in the police force and in every facet of our society.
As we move into 2021 with a new president and the prospect of a better year ahead, we need to remember these protests and the promises that followed. Just because 2020 is over does not mean the struggles it started are over, or that we can forget what we saw the world become. In 2021 we need to move forward by building off of and learning from the past, not ignoring it.
So, burn your 2020 calendar, and spend the day celebrating the new year that has so much potential for change and betterment. But don’t forget how we made it to 2021.


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Hi, guys — I always hear that you are not supposed to have sex before marriage.
April 5, at
Although you are correct on the first two requirements, I believe that you're off on the third.
Perhaps they try to lead others into sin or become militantly antireligious, attacking faith as superstition, doing volunteer abortion counseling, or seeking to discourage young people who think they have vocations to the priesthood or religious life.
Description: Paul, on the other hand, sinned out of pride and it took lightning bolts and visions to convert him. Going beyond sexual sins of weakness, for instance, people sometimes enter into sinful relationships which they mean to continue indefinitely see S.


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In an attempt to prevent the evading of tax under the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the government is looking into an automated system to tag risky taxpayers. This method might allow the council to profile taxpayers based on their risk profile. If an assessee is identified as ‘risky’, he/she could face restrictions on issuing invoices, utilization of input tax credit (ITC), and approval of refunds.
After the launch of GST two years ago, the government has been struggling with the issue of tax evasion through fake invoices. The indirect tax department has detected a substantial amount of frauds being committed. The GST Council has formed a 10-member Committee of Officers (COO) on Risk-Based Management of Taxpayers under GST regime.
The committee has been tasked to study, examine and suggest the procedure for assessing the financial credibility of a taxpayer in relation to his/her GST profile and also recommend various threshold limits for such taxpayers. The committee of officers is instructed to submit its report within a month.
As per the terms of reference (ToR) on the memorandum dated July 15, the committee will also suggest changes in GST law and rules to enable the profiling and regulating of risky taxpayers. In case of failure to undertake the desired know your customer (KYC) verification, there could be the invocation of penal provisions. Furthermore, the office memorandum stated, the panel needs to suggest “measures for the implementation of suggested risk-based management on an immediate basis and any other measures, mechanism, and machinery to check and curb multiple types of frauds.”
To boost the GST revenue, the government is looking for pre-emptive mechanisms and detect the likely instance of frauds even before it takes place. Due to the marginal growth of Indian economy this fiscal, the government might fall short to reach the expected GST collections target. Hence, anti-evasion measures could increase the efficiency of revenue collections. In addition to economic slowdown making a dent on its growth, the government is also dealing with revenue leaks due to multiple frauds with the issue of fake invoices.


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Are you a Physiotherapist, Physiatrist, Sports Medicine or Rehabilitation Specialist?
If your patients are going through rehabilitation of any kind, consider working together with an Osteopathic Practitioner in order to provide more efficient and comprehensive treatment.
Osteopathic Practitioners are critical players on the health care team. They have patient-centered practices, and are committed to ensuring that every patient gets the right care from the right professional at the right time.
Your patients could benefit from an integrated approach to their health. Consider referring your patients to an Osteopathic Practitioner in order to achieve optimal results.
When to refer your rehabilitation patients:
- Working on scars which are impeding mobility progress after surgery
- Complimentary approach to aid recovery after injury, especially if fascial or visceral involvement is suspected
- Improve circulation to an area that is slow in healing
- Treating sports/athletic injuries
- TMJ problems (jaw)
- Back/neck pain
- Headaches / migraines
- Orthopaedic / surgical injuries
- Motor Vehicle Accident injuries
- Repetitive strain injuries
- Work place injuries (WSIB)
- Degenerative disc/joint disease
- Foot pain
- Shin Splints
- Shoulder dysfunction
- Paediatric/adolescent care
Is osteopathy safe?
Osteopathy is safe, gentle, and effective. Osteopathy is a drug-free, non-invasive manual technique. Osteopathic Practitioners are extensively trained in the human sciences, the inter-relationships of all bodily systems and the art of assisting alignment, organ function, neurovascular health, and circulation of all body fluids.
The World Health Organization, in its 2010 report on Osteopathy, recognized osteopathy as distinct from other healthcare professions that utilize manual techniques, such as physiotherapy and chiropractic, despite some overlap in the techniques and interventions employed. For more information, read the WHO Benchmarks for Training in Osteopathy, 2010.
Does osteopathy work?
Osteopathy has been established as an effective treatment for conditions that have a significant musculoskeletal component. Systemic and metabolic conditions and complex pain syndromes can also be assisted and alleviated by the osteopathic approach, often in collaboration with other health professionals.
Patients have experienced many benefits such as:
- Pain relief
- Increased range of motion
- Increased circulation
- Trauma healing
- Hormonal balance
- Decreased stress and tension
- Improved posture
What proof is there?
Scientific research has been conducted to verify the effectiveness of Osteopathy. Many scientific articles are listed on the Research & Scientific Findings page.
Osteopathy and osteopathic medicine are making a significant contribution to global healthcare with the osteopathic profession now established in over 50 countries, according to a report released by the Osteopathic International Alliance (OIA) at its annual conference in Austin, Texas on 12 January 2014.
One significant report is Osteopathy and Osteopathic Medicine – a Global View of Practice, Patients, Education and the Contribution to Healthcare Delivery – was commissioned by the OIA with consultation from the World Health Organization (WHO) as an initiative to document the growing significance of osteopathic healthcare worldwide. The WHO also contributed a foreword to the report.
Click to view a listing of scientific articles on osteopathy.

domain: health


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January 22, 1973 abortion became legal in the United States with the passing of Roe v. Wade. In the years following this decision states have passed a number of laws to put limitations on how a woman receives this procedure, meaning if, when, and under what circumstances it can be performed. Members of anti-choice groups have implemented attacks and created policies to restrict abortions, claiming that these limitations are necessary for the well-being of the woman and child. Ibis Reproductive Health and The Center for Reproductive Rights carefully evaluated both sides, to further understand if the anti-abortion claims translate into the state’s overall health of its women and children.
As we enter the year of 2015, within a revolutionary age of women’s activism, it is clear that Michigan is significantly lacking on their advocacy for the well-being of its mothers and children. Presented at a recent event hosted by MI Lead, a study shows that Michigan’s performance in regards to the health and socio-economic state of women and children is shockingly below the United States’ overall average. Sadly, based on evidence from various studies this lack of support for women seeking an abortion can have detrimental effects on their health, emotional, and financial situations.
Ranked with the 4th lowest score nationwide, infant and maternal mortality rates are incredibly high, in addition to the amount of women and children living in poverty. Furthermore, some may argue that this is directly related to the strong restrictions on abortion that exist in the state of Michigan, seeing how it stands as the 18th most restrictive in the U.S. (tied with Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Wisconsin). Restrictions often include mandatory waiting periods, the request of a separate rider for abortion coverage in health insurance, and the guidelines of medications given. Essentially the anti-choice policy makers have proven to be very successful in passing their proposals, stripping women of natural rights to their bodies, and a positive, healthy livelihood.
In essence, the health and socio-economic state of Michigan women is alarmingly low. Michigan stands as 40th in overall health, 21 deaths for every 100,000 live births, and responsible for 16% of women without health care. These are just a few statistics that Michigan cannot declare with pride. Additionally, when looking at Michigan’s children, while 95% have health insurance, the infant and teen mortality rates exist well above the nation’s average. Also according to the study, “one out of four Michigan children and one out of five women live in poverty” (Burns, Dennis, Douglas-Durham, 2014). Further providing support that state restrictions and failure to implement protection of women and children is most definitely present.
While Michigan lawmakers have worked to create supportive policies, especially in the areas of children’s health, education, and safety, they are failing to support pregnant women. For instance, with little access to Medicaid, family leave, disability insurance, and job protection, pregnant women are often left unprotected. Simply, the lack of protective policies is only contributing to the failing well-being of women and children.
Overall, this analysis presents indicators that clearly show while lawmakers aim to improve the well-being of women, pregnancies, and children, there is significant barriers in reaching this goal. In order to strive towards a better future, Michigan officials should focus on improving the lives of women and children, first by respecting their choices, rather than restricting needed health care services such as abortion.
Written by: Myranda Rees, Oakland - Macomb NOW Intern
Burns B, Dennis A, Douglas-Durham E. Evaluating priorities: Measuring women's and children's health and well-being against abortion restrictions in the the states. State brief: Michigan. Ibis Reproductive Health; December 2014.

domain: medical


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Promoting the sustainable management of small, privately owned forests. This is the winning initiative of the 2019 Rural Inspiration Awards in the 'LEADER' category.
Projects & Practice
A dairy farm in Wallonia invested in renewable energy production from manure and produced milk using a more environmental friendly process.
The project considered built heritage as a development lever for a rural area and relied upon the younger generation to raise awareness about it and to take care of it in the longer term.
An all-day bus tour to another country with 24 agri-food entrepreneurs and about ten experts and advisors has proved an innovative way of developing business ideas and the skills and confidence to implement them.

domain: agronomy


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New York Jets general manager Joe Douglas is willing to pull out all the stops for his 53-man roster, even if it means sending big assets.
New York Jets general manager Joe Douglas wasn’t kidding when he expressed a desire to make moves in his opening press conference. It was one of the first promises he made when he took over the team in June.
This Jets team is indeed different from the one Douglas took over. Douglas was able to lure accoladed center Ryan Kalil out of retirement, brought in a seven-year veteran to help solve a suspended tight end issue (Ryan Griffin), and welcomed in faces familiar to his new coaches (linebacker Stephone Anthony).
Yet, Douglas hinted on Saturday afternoon that he might not be done.
Speaking prior to the Jets’ preseason showdown against the New Orleans Saints, Douglas reiterated a desire to make use of the waiver wire. The Jets have the third priority in that regard. It was enough to make the general manager declare he was “fired up”.
“There’s going to be opportunities (to add players), whether it’s trades, whether it’s claims,” Douglas said. “There’s going to be guys, really from that 46th, 47th spot on the roster all the way to 63 when you’re talking about your 10-man practice squad, where you can really bring in guys that help you in (spots of need).”
On the subject of trades, Douglas was asked whether he’d be willing to part with a high draft pick if it meant strengthening a key spot. Houston Texans defensive lineman Jadeveon Clowney has reportedly been a topic of discussion in NFL trade circles.
Douglas was reluctant to talk about imaginary scenarios, but hinted it would definitely be under consideration.
“I would say, if it was the right player, we’d certainly entertain it,” Douglas said of potentially dealing a high pick. “We’re in the business of making the roster better. If the right opportunity presented itself, I certainly wouldn’t shut it down.”
"If it was the right player, right situation, we'd consider it"
Jets GM Joe Douglas doesn't rule out making a big trade before the season starts pic.twitter.com/a9MvCKoUCs
— Jets Videos (@snyjets) August 24, 2019
After Saturday’s battle with New Orleans, the Jets conclude their preseason at home against Philadelphia on Thursday. They open the regular season on Sept. 8 at home in a divisional matchup with the Buffalo Bills.

domain: news


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Login to My Account
Read more about Meet author Lisa Scottoline
The HMCPL would like to announce the winners of The Big Read Poetry Contest from Madison County. Read more about The Big Read Poetry Contest Winners
Madison Public Library reopens with new RFID system to speed up checkouts. Work has been going on behind the scenes for some time to place RFID (Radio-frequency identification) tags in every item in the Madison Public Library, and MPL was closed on Monday and Tuesday of this week (March 8-9) to finish the installation. As a result, checking out books at MPL is much simpler! Read more about New, simpler checkouts at Madison Public Library
Meet best friends and co-authors Virginia DeBerry and Donna Grant! Read more about S2S/B2B: Meet Authors Virginia DeBerry and Donna Grant
Tuesday, March 30: Looking for a new job or need job hunting tips? This class can help! Read more about Land the job of your dreams with ReferenceUSA!
We've prepared a quick tutorial on how to access Heritage Quest at home using your library card number and PIN. Read more about Heritage Quest is back!
Saturday, April 3: join crime writer D. P. Lyle, MD for a book signing and presentation. Tickets on sale now. Read more about Plotting the Perfect Murder: meet crime writer D. P. Lyle
Saturday, April 3: Free workshops for aspiring crime writers. Reservations encouraged. Read more about Can you plan the perfect murder?
Read more about Ancestor Searching: Volume 4, #11
Read more about A Public Square Conversation on Terrorism

domain: literature


Ryan Mason has insisted that the new Tottenham head coach will inherit a very strong squad despite the team’s struggles this season.
Tottenham’s hunt for a permanent replacement for Jose Mourinho continues, with a whole host of names being linked with the job over the past few weeks.
If reports are to be believed, Mason has little to no chance of being handed the job permanently. If the 29-year-old was indeed being considered for the role by the club’s hierarchy, Spurs’ 3-1 loss to Leeds United certainly would not have helped his cause.
It was a familiar story for the North Londoners at Elland Road on Saturday, with defensive lapses once again costing them.
When asked about the kind of job the next Tottenham manager will inherit, Mason told Football.London: “I think the bigger picture and discussions like that probably need to happen over the summer.
“Our focus, my focus has to be on the next game now and at training we need to prepare.
“I’m very disappointed we lost a game of football today as I came into this game wanting to win and hoping that we could win the game. That hasn’t happened so that’s disappointing.
“Our focus has to be on the next week, the next game and then I’m sure those conversations will happen over the summer.”
Some sources indicate that Spurs will only confirm an appointment at the end of the season, with the club planning to take their time to ensure they bring in the right candidate.
Whoever it is that is handed the reins, Mason believes that he will have plenty of quality to work with.
The interim Spurs boss added: “Absolutely, absolutely there’s some great players.
“It’s a big squad, it’s a very good squad as well, so there’s definite tools to work with for next season.
“I’m sure the chairman, the board and the football club will have a long, hard think about the direction the football club wants to go in.”
Have something to tell us about this article?


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Visit Meiji Shrine, the East Gardens of the Imperial Palace, and Senso-ji Temple with an English-speaking interpreter guide on this sightseeing bus tour of Tokyo.
Multilingual audio guides are available in Chinese, Korean, Spanish, French, Thai, Indonesian and Vietnamese, so participate worry-free.
Experience the culture and natural setting of Japan by visiting sites including Meiji Shrine, a location lush with foliage which draws the most visitors of any shrine in Japan at the start of the new year, and an Imperial Japanese garden.
|1. Standard||Meals||No Lunch||Adult||JPY5,000||Child||JPY2,660|
※ Children (6-11 years), Infants (0-5 years. Meals, seating and other such services are not included)
Hamamatsucho Bus Terminal (09:00)
Approx. 4 hours
[Tokyo] Meiji Jingu Shrine, National Diet Building (drive-by), Imperial Palace East Garden, Sensoji Temple, Ginza (drive-by)
English-speaking guide, Other admission fees and transportation costs included in the tour
04 Jan - 30 Dec : Daily
18, 25 Feb
Meiji Jingu Shrine (30 min)
This is one of the most distinguished shrines in the country. Step inside the grounds and be surrounded by a sprawling forest which makes visitors forget about this shrine's urban location.
National Diet Building (drive-by)
See the Japanese Government centre from the bus.
East Gardens of the Imperial Palace (45 min)
One of Tokyo's great hidden locations. This spectacular Japanese garden features a range of beautiful seasonal flowers. *The tour will visit the Imperial Palace Plaza in front of Nijubashi Bridge instead on Mondays and Fridays.
Sensoji Temple (Asakusa Kannon) and Nakamise-dori (45 min)
Senso-ji, Tokyo's oldest temple, offers plenty to see including the bright red Kaminarimon Gate, a statue of the god of thunder, and a five-story pagoda. The bustling street known as "Nakamise" stretches for about 250 m from Kaminarimon Gate to Senso-ji Temple and is filled with a plethora of shops.
From the window get a look at Ginza, where rows of luxury brand shops, and recently 'fast fashion' retailers, line the streets.
C/O Kinokuniya Bookstores
The Galeries 500 George St
Sydney NSW 2000


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Watch La Fleur de l'âge (2013) : Full Movie Free Download Bluray Gaspard Dassonville may be 63 but he stubbornly refuses to show his age. A well-known television producer, he amuses himself with women who are half his age, and life has never felt so good. Then, one day, his age catches up with him with a vengeance, when he is forced to take care of his elderly father Hubert. An indomitable oldster, Hubert soon manages to unsettle his son’s illusory youth, but things take an unexpected turn when a care assistant with a colorful imagination comes between them...
|Title||La Fleur de l'âge|
|Release Date||May 01, 2013|
|Production Company||Gloria Films, Les Productions du Trésor, Mars Distribution|
|Casts||Pierre Arditi, Jean-Pierre Marielle, Julie Ferrier, Audrey Fleurot, Artus de Penguern, Rasha Bukvic, Thibault Vinçon, Cyril Gueï, Pierre Vernier, Élisabeth Vitali, Anne Benoît|


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More to explore:
Best Cute & Funny Puppies Compilation 2014 - Cuteness Overload!
baby animals wearing diapers | 15 cute baby animal pictures to make your day
cute animal pictures - Google Search
French bulldog puppy
Omg. "Teddy! Teddy, teddy, teddy! Woo-hoo!,"says the cute little puppy. He is a bit excited, can you tell?
Baby Pug playing...

domain: pet


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LAND THAT I LOVE
Almost from the day I could walk, I roamed the eastern woodlands and fished the mountain streams of this beloved land. The feel and smell of treasures found therein are impressed indelibly and forever on my spirit and being.
Here in spring is where the incredibly delicious morel rises peeking from under last fall’s matted leaves. Here, trout are on the prowl and wait for me in tumbling, translucent blue-green April streams. Yielding to the warmth of resurrecting sunlight, bluebells spread out in casual profusion along the riverbank. Here is where May apples pop up in shaded glens like so many tiny palm trees with white waxen flowers and a delicious little fruit some say is poisonous, but I'm still here after eating them for many years.
The well-named bloodroot, that bleeds as red as a cut artery, rare lady slippers (a species of orchid) trilliums, trout lilies, columbine, salvia and other secrets of streamside and deep woods await discovery in quiet seclusion. Soon, daisies, black-eyed susans, violets, Johnny-jump-ups and tiny bluets will awaken to the sun and cover the land.
Here, at day's end, the wood thrush sends forth its clear, sweet song from just inside the forest's edge.
In mid-fall, the first week of November holds magic of a different kind. All the leaves are down and crunch underfoot with a fresh new pungency. The weather, bracing for winter, is still mild. Vacation people have closed and locked their summer homes and returned to urban indentures. I am alone now with the permeating sweet smell of an oak fire blazing up, left in peace for another season and feeling the blessed richness of it.
Once, as snow fell dense yet soft and light, I trudged the path to sit beneath the giant old white pine and meditate. The air was bathed in quiet stillness, so much so, that every flake clung to whatever it fell upon. Snow piled high and higher upon every stem and twig and upon me as well. Except for falling snow, all movement stopped with every sound replaced by utter silence. Afterwards, I traced the tracks of forest creatures that had passed nearby: deer, grouse, rabbit, quail, mice and little feet too tiny to identify. Their stealth had been so profound that none disturbed the snow on so much as a single twig or blade of grass.
And in the quietude of this pristine and gentle land that I share with other creatures of field and forest, I find restoration as if returned to a time when the land was surely as it must have been when yet without man.


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"You’re alive and that’s all that matters, you shit."
"You’re pathetic without me" for a Valentine’s day saying.
can’t seem to draw anything lately ;-;
I’m just laughing so hard over them both gearing up to torture that poor guy in the previews of chapter 54
true romance means breaking someones kneecaps together
SnK Fanart: Erwin, Nile and Mike in the early days. - Jan.20 2014
So when rivai-lution asked me if I was interested in drawing a “cover” of sorts for a music mix for the fic Gilded by Night, of course I said yes!
Experimentation turned into a rare attempt at digital painting and here is what that spiraled into (can you tell I love cramming as much symbolism as possible into one single thing?).
Anyway, I hope you like it, E!
And to everyone else who has yet to read this AMAZING and INCREDIBLE fanfiction, I must encourage you to click on this link here.
It is Eruri, it is heart wrenching, it is well written, so deeply in character, and just so damn eloquent.
You’ll thank me later for suggesting you read it, and you will sure as hell thank E for being so amazing with their words!
Sina, Rose and Maria
This is the best thing ever. OMG the HEIGHT DIFFERENCE *passes out*
ok whatever im done for now too fucking hot in my room summer needs to be over
it’s always fun to try a retro style, kind of like an earl oliver hurst thing


Caleb McLaughlin: "I wouldn't be here without Stranger Things, but now I'm able to showcase that I'm a singer & dancer as well."
Caleb McLaughlin on His Debut Single, Sharing Music with Idris Elba, and Stranger Things 4
Caleb McLaughlin sits down with Kyle Meredith to talk about his debut single, Neighborhood, the 4 year journey to releasing his own music, coming up in Broadway and opera, and growing up loving the music of Stevie Wonder and Earth Wind and Fire. The Stranger Things star tells us about sharing his music and getting advice from Idris Elba on the set of Concrete Cowboys, what its like having so many musicians on the set of Stranger Things, and the influence of the 80s soundtrack from the hit Netflix series. And as for Season 4? McLaughlin says it’s “gonna be the best yet.”
Watch the interview above and then check out the videos below.
And interviews with other Stranger Things cast:
Jamie Campbell Bower:


text:
You’ll never need another Passover chocolate cake after trying this one! If gluten free you need this cake. It is moist, light, fluffy, and has a perfect crumb. I cannot say enough good things about it!
There is nothing like finding the perfect recipe. It’s pretty much a miracle to find the perfect Passover cake recipe.
Well get ready to thank your lucky stars because this is the most moist, lightest, and fluffiest chocolate cake I’ve ever had.
Seriously, it’s flavor is so good I feel guilty eating it on Passover!
It feels like I’m eating a really good regular chocolate cake… I think it’s fair to describe “sinfully good!” It is so good it feels wrong.
I seriously felt like I wasn’t keeping Pesach by eating it.
The best part? Not only is it dairy free, but it is totally gluten free.
So, if you have Celiac disease, you can make it year-round and no one will be the wiser that it doesn’t have one speck of flour in it.
It doesn’t require any special ingredients except potato starch which is pretty cheap.
One of my favorite things about this cake is the top. Just look at that thin flaky layer!
It gives the cake so much character and looks very pretty.
Even better, it looks beautiful when dusted with powdered sugar.
Another tasty Passover chocolate dessert are my Passover chocolate crepes.
Can you use baking powder on Passover?
Absolutely! As long as the box is marked kosher for Passover with a “P” next to the kosher symbol.
I get this question a lot because of the fact that it is a leavener. The truth is though, while laws regarding Passover are complex, the focus is on wheat flour rather than the leavener itself.
In fact, the there wasn’t anything to leaven bread in ancient times except wild yeast.
So, the bread they were making was something of a sour dough bread. This is the reason it took so long to rise.
DRY VS LIQUID MEASURING CUP
Ever wonder why measuring spoons often come with a set of measuring cups? I used to. I didn’t see why we needed a set when we could have one large measuring cup.
After a quick search, I had my answer. I discovered that the large measuring cup is used for liquids, whereas the set is used for dry ingredients.
As it turns out, if you try to measure dry ingredients with a liquid cup, the measurements get messed up.
First, you pour the cocoa in, then you shake it around to get it level, and then you add more.
By shaking it, you are causing the powder to settle, and when you add more, you end up using more than called for.
HOW TO MEASURE DRY INGREDIENTS
Using a dry measuring cup, scoop ingredients from the bag or spoon them into the cup.
Next, level off the ingredient by removing the excess with an upside-down butter knife.
The one exception to this is brown sugar.
Both light and dark brown sugar should be packed down and then any excess should be scraped off as well.
WHICH TYPE OF OIL TO USE
I use neutral oils. However, if preferred, a stronger flavored, like coconut oil, can be used.
Sugar may seem very basic if you’ve baked before, but I’ve been asked about it before, so I’m explaining.
There are many different types of sugar, including white sugar, brown sugar, vanilla sugar, powdered sugar, turbinado sugar, and demerara sugar.
When a recipe – any recipe, not just mine – says “sugar” without specifying anything else, it is regular white sugar.
White sugar (sometimes called granulated sugar, table sugar, or white granulated sugar) is made of either beet sugar or cane sugar, which has undergone a refining process.
It is the easiest to find and most commonly used.
Brown sugar is white sugar with molasses added to it.
It is commonly used in chocolate chip cookie recipes, and it’s rare for a recipe that calls for brown sugar not to also call for white sugar as well.
When a recipe calls for “brown sugar” but doesn’t specify what type (light or dark), it is referring to light brown sugar.
In my recipes, you can use whatever type of brown sugar you have on hand whether it is dark brown sugar, light brown sugar, or demerara sugar – which is very common in Israel.
Just keep in mind that the flavor and color will be slightly different depending on what you choose to use.
Turbinado sugar is better known as “raw sugar”. But, despite this name, the sugar is not really “raw.”
Instead, it’s partially refined sugar that retains some of the original molasses.
The term “raw sugar” may also give off the impression that it is somehow healthier.
In reality, turbinado sugar is nutritionally similar to white sugar.
Demerara sugar is very popular in Israel and is especially delicious in tea but is also used for baking.
Unlike white sugar, demerara sugar undergoes minimal processing and retains some vitamins and mineral.
However, it is still not much healthier than white sugar.
Vanilla sugar is not very common in the States. However, it is common in Israel and parts of Europe.
This is sugar that sat for an extended period of time with vanilla beans, giving it a vanilla flavor.
This type of sugar is common in the United Kingdom.
It has a finer grain than white (granulated) sugar and larger than powdered sugar.
Caster sugar is often called for in recipes for delicate baked goods like meringues, souffles, and sponge cakes.
You can use a 1:1 conversion rate between caster sugar and white (granulated) sugar.
Powdered sugar, sometimes known as confectioners’ sugar, is a sugar with a powdered texture.
This sugar is rarely, if ever, used for baking. Instead, it is used for dusting desserts and making frosting and icings.
In some countries, you can also find powdered vanilla sugar. It is made the exact same way regular vanilla sugar is made. However, the sugar used is powdered instead of granulated.
Vanilla Extract vs Vanilla sugar
In my recipes, I don’t specify what kind of vanilla to use.
The reason for this is that in the States, vanilla extract is exclusively used. Meanwhile in Israel, along with many European countries, vanilla sugar is common.
In most, if not all recipes, both vanilla extract and vanilla sugar can be used.
In recipes where vanilla sugar can be used instead of extract, you can replace them 1:1.
DO EGGS NEED TO BE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE?
The short answer is “no”. While a side-by-side comparison shows that baking with eggs at room temperature makes a better crumb, it’s not otherwise noticeable.
What are Eggs used for?
Eggs do three things in most recipes: they help bind the ingredients together, act as a mild leavening agent, and they add moisture.
EGG FREE OPTION
Eggs can be substituted with 1/4 cup of unsweetened apple sauce per egg. This means for recipes calling for 2 eggs, you’d need 1/2 cup of unsweetened apple sauce.
The reason applesauce makes a good binder is that it’s high in pectin. Pectin is a naturally occurring starch in fruits and berries that acts as a thickening agent and stabilizer in food.
This happens when combined with sugar and acid (if the fruit or berry isn’t naturally acidic).
Just keep in mind that it may change the flavor slightly.
ARE EGGS DAIRY?
No, eggs are not dairy. Dairy is milk and any food products made from milk, including cheese, cream, butter, and yogurt.
So, while eggs are an animal product, they are not dairy. In fact, eggs fall under the protein food group.
CAN I USE BAKING SODA INSTEAD?
I always recommend following a recipe as it is written. However, if you only have baking soda on hand, you can use 1 to 1 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda.
BAKING POWDER VS BAKING SODA
I’ve had a number of comments asking me questions about baking soda and baking powder.
I’ve also noticed that if the wrong one is used, things don’t come out as they should.
Using baking soda instead of baking powder can give your recipe a terrible metallic taste, while using baking powder instead of baking soda leaves your baked goods looking flat.
Baking soda is a leavening agent, which means it helps things rise. It does this by creating carbon dioxide when it reacts to an acid, such as cream of tartar, lemon juice, yogurt, buttermilk, cocoa, and vinegar.
When the carbon dioxide is released, it causes the familiar texture and crumb in pancakes, cakes, quick breads, soda bread, and other baked and fried foods.
Baking soda works well with sourdough because sourdough is acidic. When combined, it makes a lighter product with a less acidic taste, since baking soda is alkaline.
A good rule of thumb is to use around 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda per 1 cup of flour.
Baking powder is also a leavening agent and it’s a mixture of baking soda, cream of tartar, and sometimes cornstarch.
Most baking powder sold is double-acting. This means that the leavening occurs in two steps.
The first time it’s activated is when baking powder gets wet, which is why you cannot prepare some batters ahead of time to bake later.
The second time is when the baking powder is exposed to heat. This happens when the batter is being baked or fried.
Since baking powder already contains an acid, it’s most often used when a recipe does not call for an additional acidic ingredient or too little of one.
A good rule of thumb is to use around 1 teaspoon of baking powder per 1 cup of flour.
WHY SOME RECIPES CALL FOR BOTH
Some recipes call for both baking powder and baking soda when the carbon dioxide created from the acid and baking soda is not enough to leaven the volume of batter in the recipe.
Too much baking soda gives a terrible metallic taste, so baking powder is added to give it more lift.
WHICH ONE IS STRONGER?
You may have already guessed the answer since baking soda is used to make baking powder, and you need more baking powder per cup of flour. But I’ll tell you anyway.
Baking soda is four times stronger than baking powder. That’s why you will more often than not see recipes that only call for baking soda rather than recipes that only call for baking powder.
HOW LONG DO THEY LAST?
Baking soda is good indefinitely past its best by date, although it can lose potency over time. A rule of thumb is two years for an unopened package and six months for an opened package.
However, to be honest, I’ve used very old baking soda with good results.
Like baking soda, baking powder is good indefinitely past its best by date, and can lose its potency over time. For both opened and unopened, it’s ideal to use it within nine months to a year.
While storing it, make sure to keep it in a dry place and away from humidity.
HOW TO TEST IF IT’S STILL GOOD
To test baking powder, pour 3 tablespoons of warm water into a small bowl, add 1/2 teaspoon of baking powder, and stir. If the baking powder is good to use, it should fizz a little.
To test baking soda, pour 3 tablespoons of white distilled vinegar into a small bowl, add 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda, and stir. The mixture should rapidly bubble if the soda is fresh.
Why use coffee?
Coffee really brings out the chocolate flavor in baked goods. In fact, when I was making my chocolate muffins, their flavor tasted flat until I added coffee to the recipe.
There are two reasons for this: First, coffee helps enrich the chocolate flavor. Second, the heat from the water helps bloom the cocoa.
Do you taste the coffee?
No. The coffee is just enough to really bring out the rich chocolate flavor but not enough to taste like mocha.
How to Make Black Coffee
Usually it is 1 teaspoon of instant coffee per cup of hot water.
Can Children have this since there is coffee in it?
All over the world children generally do not have coffee because it isn’t good for them. Oddly, they are allowed to have soda drinks and energy drinks which is worse, but that is another topic.
In the case of this recipe, the small amount of coffee as part of a whole cake is not enough to be harmful.
However, if you still would like to leave it out, you can simply use two cups of hot water instead.

domain: food


You all may know that Yamaha R15 V3 is all set for the Indian market and surely you all are going to love the bike because of its features and specs. As per the reports, India Yamaha Motor finally introduced the latest edition of Yamaha R15 V3 at this year’s Auto Expo. You all may know that the price of the bike is set to 1.25 Lakh INR and that’s quite good for now for sure. Also, the new Yamaha R15 motorcycle now comes with a ferocious look and appealing which is lifted from its elder sibling – R1.
Also, as you all may know that this bike was already showcased at the Auto Expo 2018 which was concluded on 14th of February. The reports are coming that people were looking quite excited by the style of the bike and were saying the good word of mouth for it at the expo. If we talk about the engine then we can say that it comes with a new 155cc liquid-cooled SOHC 4-valve fuel-injected engine with Variable Valves Actuation (VVA) technology. Also, it is designed for the achieving excellent power and a high top speed. Aprilia RS 150 Features
Yamaha R15 V3 Features and Overview
Another thing which we liked about the bike is it offers the maximum power of 19.3 PS of power @ 10,000 rpm against the peak torque of 15 Nm @ 8,500 rpm. The engine is now mated to a 6-speed gearbox that allows better acceleration at lower gears. You all are going to love the bike because of the great features and everything is looking fine for the bike. The latest avatar of Yamaha R15 is built on Deltabox frame which offers excellent rigidity balance. TVS Zeppelin 220 Cruiser Price in India
Yamaha R15 V3 Dimension
You all are going to love the newer version for sure R15 motorcycle now comes in 2 body shade options – Thunder Grey and Racing Blue. Now, if we talk about the dimension front, we can say that it gets a length of 1990mm, a width of 725mm and height of 1135mm along with a wheelbase of 1325mm and ground clearance of 170mm.


A new community project offering support to struggling families in Birmingham opens today.
The Holiday Kitchen will run throughout the summer, targeting low-income families who depend on free school meals and struggle with the cost of food outside term time.
The project is being run by the Ashram Housing Association and funded by Children in Need.
More top news
An elderly woman is in hospital with serious injuries after reports of a lorry hitting a pedestrian on Kings Heath high street.
Two men who beat another man to death following an argument have been convicted of murder and given life sentences in prison.
A woman has suffered cuts to her hand while resisting demands from burglars at her home in Nottinghamshire, where she was with her son.


A Syrian forensic photographer, who now uses the pseudonym Caesar, documented the death of thousands of detainees in Syria's brutal prison system. He made more than 55,000 high-resolution images before he fled the country, fearing for his safety, in 2013.
He spoke publicly for the first time in July 2014, when he appeared before the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee, wearing a blue jacket with a hood to protect his identity.
Dozens of Caesar's photographs will be displayed again in the halls of Congress on Wednesday.
The exhibition is sponsored by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in cooperation with the House Foreign Affairs Committee and Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
The graphic images show beaten and bruised bodies, many are skeletal, most with signs of torture. Now, Syrian families are searching the photos online after Syrian opposition groups posted more than 6,000 images in March.
NPR spoke to a member of the group that posted the pictures, as well as a friend who identified a victim, and a lawyer working on a war crimes case. Here are their stories:
Amer fled Damascus two days after his friend, Kutabia, a 40-year-old father of two, was seized by government agents from a bookstore in Damascus. The two friends demonstrated together through 2011. They took even larger risks together, smuggling money and medicine into restive neighborhoods besieged by the Syrian government.
"They invaded on New Year's Eve at 6 p.m. I was at a café nearby. And when I finished I said, 'Let's go and say hi [to Kutaiba].' I knocked and there's no one. No lights inside. And I continued home and that's when I heard that my friend was taken to the detention center or the torture center.
This is where the story begins. Once your friend is detained by the government, you try to figure out where he is.
His parents started to ask. They usually go to people in the intelligence service and the guy will say, 'I can't tell you, you have to give me money.'
For two and a half years his parents are paying money. Sometimes they take a couple of thousand dollars and [they] get back and say, 'He's alive and well, and says hi to his sons.'"
In March 2015, Syrian opposition groups published 6,000 of Caesar's photos online. For the first time, Syrian friends and families could search the gruesome photo gallery and identify the victims. Kutaiba's picture was among the dead, killed within a month of his arrest.
"It was him. His eyes were closed. He had stitches on his forehead like the ones you see in horror movies. And I was shocked. I was in the middle of work. I don't know what sort of people can do this harm and torture to another person.
I saw his color, and was like, 'Thank God he wasn't starved to death.' He didn't have his ears taken off or his nose. So, I thought he made them furious enough to kill him right away rather than being tortured on a daily basis. It's always better to know, is he alive or is he dead."
Dr. Mohammed Ayash works with the Syrian Association for Missing and Detainees of Conscience, based in Istanbul. In March, the group published some of the Caesar photos online and has organized private showings in the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan and even in some rebel-held neighborhoods near Damascus. Dr. Ayash is scanning all the images and documenting the dead. It is a grim task made harder still because Dr. Ayash has seen friends and neighbors among the dead.
"We have about 6,700 victims in this website. I am a doctor, I'm not a pathologist, but I describe what I see in every picture. We have children in these pictures. There are older men. There is one woman.
It comes to my dreams sometimes, because of the horrible methods. By torture, by starvation and eye gouging, and it's very hard for me.
(The work) is very important because we need the families as witnesses in any court. We need families to say, 'Yes, this is my father and my brother,' and they were taken and killed by the Assad regime."
Muna Jundi, an attorney in Flint, Mich., works with United for a Free Syria, a coalition of Syrian-American nonprofit organizations. She was part of a team of Syrians who got Caesar to testify to Congress last year and will be in Washington for the event on Wednesday. She took part in the decision to publish the photos online.
"It was systematic, the regime was using it as a way to quell the revolution.
There's a lot of missing Syrian people and a lot of people don't know the fate of their family members. They hear about it through rumors. They pay money to try and find information and really there's nothing concrete. And unfortunately there's nothing more concrete than pictures of dead bodies. So the idea was to open up to help people identify their own family members.
For an American audience, I think it was shocking. But the sheer ... mass production of this, I think, is what overwhelms. They've documented it in such detail.
Syrians inside Syria that had any experience with intelligence [services] automatically knew why the documentation had to happen.
When there's an order from above, they need evidence that those orders are being carried out. In a highly corrupt government, where you can pay people to release people, they need the evidence. They needed to keep the evidence to show that you told us this is what we need to do, and therefore, this is what we are doing."
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
Some photographs taken inside Syria's security state will be in the U.S. capital tomorrow. The photos were taken by a regime photographer and they document the deaths of 11,000 detainees. The photographer defected from the government and gave the photos to the Syrian opposition. Now they're - be on display in Congress at an exhibit put on by the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. They will also be online for Syrians to see. And NPR's Deborah Amos met a man who viewed them in search of a friend.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)
DEBORAH AMOS, BYLINE: This is the music that brings back the most painful memories for the people who knew Kutabia, a man who disappeared into Syria's vast prison complex. A 40-year-old father of two, he played this music for friends in his book shop in the Syrian capital, Damascus. In 2011, he was one of the first to join the Syrian revolt, a movement to oust a brutal regime.
AMER: He was active in many, many things. He was a political activist. At the same time, he was delivering aid.
AMOS: This is Amer, one of Kutabia's friends - last names withheld for safety. He used to talk to Kutabia about the revolution and the dangers at the demonstrations in Damascus. They took risks together, smuggled money and medicines into restive neighborhoods besieged by the regime. A twist of timing led to different fates. Amer escaped arrest by government agents when he came late to Kutabia's bookshop one night in 2012. Within days, he fled to Turkey where he recounts the events of that night.
AMER: Where is everyone? And I knocked a little bit and then I noticed there was no one. And so I continued home and then this is when I learned that everyone who was in the shop were taken to detention center, which is the torture center, actually.
AMOS: Did you ever find out whether he was officially arrested or where he was?
AMER: No, and this is where the story begins. You try to figure out first of all where he is.
AMOS: There were many willing to help for a price, he says, especially Syrian security police who regularly visited Kutabia's parents.
AMER: They pay, like, a thousand dollars, $2,000. And his parents were keep - were keep on paying money, you know? Like - so again, someone comes and says I can tell you - like, from the intelligence service - I can tell you where is your son.
AMOS: For more than two years, friends and family believed Kutabia was alive, paying for scraps of convincing news. Then in March, Amer got a call. There was a new website with photographs from inside Syria's detention centers.
AMER: I didn't think that it was about our friend, Kutabia, you know?
AMOS: The Syrian opposition took the unusual step of posting about half of the images the police defectors smuggled out. For the first time, family members and friends could try to identify the victims.
AMER: It was him. It was him. The photos were really terrible.
AMOS: Thousands of photos, emaciated faces, many with deep bruises and signs of beating. There are women among the dead, some children, too. Amer studied the pictures. He wanted to be certain it was his friend.
AMER: His eyes were closed. He had stitches on his forehead and stitches on his cheeks. And very large and huge stitches, like the ones you see in horror movies, you know, like this - and then I said, no, it's not him. It's his lips - lips are very larger than his. I'm sorry.
AMOS: His emotions are still raw, but this is his small comfort. He notes that Kutabia didn't look as bad as some. He even had some color in his face when he died.
AMER: He wasn't totally pale and I was like, wow, thanks God.
AMOS: And that made you feel better.
AMER: Yeah, this means that he died early. He managed to make them furious enough to kill him right away better than being tortured on a daily basis.
AMOS: The Syrian opposition says these images are evidence of systematic brutality and want to bring regime figures to court for war crimes. Identifying the victims is the first step. For Syrians, it's the most important step.
AMER: It's always better to know because people keep the faith and they wait and is he alive? Or is he dead? This solves a lot.
AMOS: Deborah Amos, NPR News, Istanbul. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.