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The crypto market has already finished grieving about the Terra-LUNA tragedy, but we will come back to this topic to figure out their mistakes. The Reserveum team is working on an algorithmic stablecoin, so it is very important for us to prevent the problems other projects have faced. And for these purposes, the Terra project is a wonderful example of how to NOT build an algorithmic stablecoin.
The Reserveum stablecoin protocol is now under development, and any crypto market event, whether positive or negative, helps us make our product better.
So, what went wrong with Terra?
The Reserveum analysts believe that the technical reason for the collapse was that UST lost its ties to the USD. It is important to note here that the Terra stablecoin was never backed by enough dollars; it was just tied to USD at a 1:1 ratio. It is important because the real financial backup makes your asset more resistant to such price jumps.
UST was designed differently. Its price was supported by the Proof of Stake mechanism and the ecosystem’s additional token – LUNA. The biggest holders could influence the token emission since the passive income of the price growth depended on the number of their purchased tokens. So, the price growth depended only on the number of participants who initiated its emission. Such a pyramid structure of the Terra project is its another weak spot.
The UST tokens were issued when the smart contract received the amount of crypto equivalent to 1 USD. So one could print as many stablecoins as s/he wanted; this is what happened to UST when a big player launched dozens of thousands of Bitcoins worth of token emission. This made the number of UST tokens grow so much it lowered its liquidity.
That huge coin inflow caused the protocol to issue more of the balancing LUNA coins to keep the price at the same level. Trillions of LUNA tokens were printed to support the Terra stablecoin, and the market just could not swallow that big of a chunk. The LUNA token fell down from the top 10 tokens to almost 0 USD per token in a matter of days, if not hours. So, the mechanism that supported UST in the normal conditions made an error under a massive attack and destroyed itself.
What are the conclusions from this story?
A token can be called a stablecoin only when it has a real financial backup which guarantees that a tokenholder can exchange the coin for its reserve currency whenever s/he wants. As we see from the Terra example, it is impossible to circumvent this condition. The market instantly loses trust in a token that is not backed by anything, and a well-planned attack can ruin it.
Any cryptocurrency can be called a financial pyramid since its price only depends on the trust and enthusiasm of the crypto community. This is why the coin that is built on a real business, source or a whole economy will gain a huge boost. Then such a cryptocurrency will become similar to stocks that give the project investment for further development. An investor can take part in future profits, and these profits will depend not on the inflow of new tokenholders but on the commercial activity or the project’s product.
And, eventually, to prevent the decentralisation to lead to uncontrollable coin minting, we need an algorithm that would calculate the right amount of tokens. They should not be inflationary, i.e. harm the economy and its participants.
The protection from inflation is actually the main quality that any stablecoin should support, otherwise, who needs it? We have too much inflationary fiat money already, the money from our bank accounts and cards that we have to spend right away, or it would turn into a pumpkin at midnight.
We prioritise the problem of inflationary money in our research. You can read more on it in our article called “Inflation Export and Marshall Plan”.
How are we going to use this experience to develop effective money?
In fact, the Reserveum developers are already bearing in mind the risks that the Terra project had not noticed. Our stablecoin is going to be backed by more promising and sustainable cryptocurrencies. This is a fairly safe and flexible form of a back-up. On the one hand, our stablecoin will not depend on just one asset; on the other, the crypto market capitalisation will guarantee the support of the full-fledged financial industry.
We have also succeeded in developing an algorithm that can manage both the price and the emission of our token. The Reserveum stablecoin cannot possibly be attacked by speculators due to its technical features, which means it is well protected from inflation and crash. Also, the ecosystem participants can control the emission too, so it can be called a self-regulating crypto environment.
The Reserveum tokenholders are not going to just hold the tokens; they will take an active part in the life and development of the whole system. Apart from influencing the emission, they can form the reserve and manage it. Whenever a part of the reserve is taken by some user, the smart contract will immediately burn the corresponding number of tokens, which means the liquidity crisis is absolutely impossible for the Reserveum coin.
So, even at the development stage, we can be sure that the Reserveum coin will not follow Terra’s footsteps, the algorithm itself guarantees it. But for us, only the sky is the limit, so we continue working and invite all the enthusiasts to join us.
According to the analysis group findings: reserveum.org

domain: finance


text:
- What tea is good for UTI?
- Should you rest with a UTI?
- How can I get rid of a UTI in 24 hours at home?
- Can vitamin C cure a UTI?
- What to avoid while having a UTI?
- What is the fastest home remedy for urinary tract infection?
- How can I get instant relief from a UTI?
- How much water should I drink to flush out UTI?
- When should you see a Dr for a UTI?
- Are bananas good for UTI?
- How long does it take for a UTI to feel better?
- Can lemon cure UTI?
- How long does UTI last?
- How can I make my pee come out faster?
- What should I eat if I have a urinary tract infection?
- Will ibuprofen help a UTI?
- Can I drink away a UTI?
- Do baths help UTI?
- What can I drink for UTI?
- Can a man give a woman a UTI?
- What is the strongest antibiotic for a UTI?
What tea is good for UTI?
The results of this study have shown that green tea can have an antimicrobial effect on E.
coli bacteria that cause UTIs.
This is the first time that green tea has been reported to have this kind of effect..
Should you rest with a UTI?
To help your recovery, you need to rest. But it can be difficult to sleep with some of the uncomfortable symptoms that may accompany a UTI. Here are some things you can do at home to help you sleep comfortably: Drink plenty of water during the day to help flush out bacteria.
How can I get rid of a UTI in 24 hours at home?
To treat a UTI without antibiotics, people can try the following home remedies:Stay hydrated. Share on Pinterest Drinking water regularly may help to treat a UTI. … Urinate when the need arises. … Drink cranberry juice. … Use probiotics. … Get enough vitamin C. … Wipe from front to back. … Practice good sexual hygiene.
Can vitamin C cure a UTI?
Among its many other health care attributes, vitamin C has been shown to be effective in the prevention and self-care treatment of urinary-tract infections. The mechanism of action is probably similar to that of cranberry juice; vitamin C also acidifies the urine.
What to avoid while having a UTI?
Avoid consuming foods and beverages that can irritate your bladder or worsen your symptoms, such as:Caffeinated coffee.Caffeinated sodas.Alcohol.Spicy foods.Acidic fruits.Artificial sweeteners.
What is the fastest home remedy for urinary tract infection?
Without further ado, here are the top 6 home remedies to fight UTI.Drink Plenty of Fluids. Hydration status has been linked to the risk of urinary tract infection. … Increase Vitamin C Intake. … Drink Unsweetened Cranberry Juice. … Take a Probiotic. … Practice These Healthy Habits. … Try These Natural Supplements.
How can I get instant relief from a UTI?
A person can also take the following steps to relieve UTI symptoms:Drink plenty of water. … Empty the bladder fully. … Use a heating pad. … Avoid caffeine. … Take sodium bicarbonate. … Try over-the-counter pain relievers.
How much water should I drink to flush out UTI?
Drink Water – Make sure you drink plenty of fluids. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recommends drinking six to eight, 8-ounce glasses of water a day in order to flush bacteria out of your urinary tract. Fluids also help to dilute your urine, so bacteria doesn’t grow to begin with.
When should you see a Dr for a UTI?
It’s a good idea to see your GP if you think you might have a UTI, particularly if: you have symptoms of an upper UTI (see above) the symptoms are severe or getting worse. the symptoms haven’t started to improve after a few days.
Are bananas good for UTI?
Bananas and other high-fiber foods can be good for urinary tract health and preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) by encouraging regular bowel movements and relieving pressure on urine flow.
How long does it take for a UTI to feel better?
If you are feeling ill, have a low-grade fever, or some pain in your lower back, these symptoms will take 1 to 2 days to improve, and up to 1 week to go away completely.
Can lemon cure UTI?
It purifies and detoxes your entire system, which is done by optimizing your liver function. Drinking lemon water can prevent urinary tract infections (UTI) and kidney stones. Citric acid in lemons may help prevent calcium kidney stones.
How long does UTI last?
Most UTIs can be cured. Bladder infection symptoms most often go away within 24 to 48 hours after treatment begins. If you have a kidney infection, it may take 1 week or longer for symptoms to go away.
How can I make my pee come out faster?
If you do have to force yourself, here are 10 strategies that may work:Run the water. Turn on the faucet in your sink. … Rinse your perineum. … Hold your hands in warm or cold water. … Go for a walk. … Sniff peppermint oil. … Bend forward. … Try the Valsalva maneuver. … Try the subrapubic tap.More items…
What should I eat if I have a urinary tract infection?
These foods include cranberries, blueberries, oranges, dark chocolate, unsweetened probiotic yogurt, tomatoes, broccoli and spinach. Smart drink choices are decaf coffee; cranberry, blueberry, or pomegranate juices; and black and green tea. Of course, plenty of water is also essential when fighting off a UTI.
Will ibuprofen help a UTI?
Try over-the-counter pain medications. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) are OTC pain relievers that could help ease some of the pain and discomfort UTIs can cause. Phenazopyridine is another pain reliever that could help relieve uncomfortable symptoms.
Can I drink away a UTI?
Although urinating can be painful when you have a UTI, it’s important to drink as many fluids as possible, particularly water.
Do baths help UTI?
If you are not satisfied with a shallow bath, you may immerse in warm water to help relieve your abdominal pain. This can also allow your muscles to relax, helping stop painful spasms. 2. Use a heating pad.
What can I drink for UTI?
Along with an antibiotic, what you drink and eat during a UTI can help you get better faster.Drink.DO drink a lot of water, even if you’re not thirsty. … DON’T drink coffee, alcohol or caffeine until the infection is gone. … DO drink a shot of sugar-free cranberry juice, if you like it. … Eat.DO eat blueberries.More items…•
Can a man give a woman a UTI?
A. No, bacteria that cause bladder infections are not passed from one sexual partner to another.
What is the strongest antibiotic for a UTI?
Drugs commonly recommended for simple UTIs include:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, others)Fosfomycin (Monurol)Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Macrobid)Cephalexin (Keflex)Ceftriaxone.

domain: medical


|Publication number||US4825709 A|
|Application number||US 07/131,428|
|Publication date||May 2, 1989|
|Filing date||Dec 10, 1987|
|Priority date||Dec 15, 1986|
|Publication number||07131428, 131428, US 4825709 A, US 4825709A, US-A-4825709, US4825709 A, US4825709A|
|Inventors||Jan O. Nordvall|
|Original Assignee||Asea Aktiebolag|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (13), Classifications (5), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to a magnetoelastic transducer for force measurement. The invention relates particularly to a transducer which is provided with means for mechanical neutral point compensation of its measuring output. Magnetoelastic transducers in general are widely used in modern engineering and other industries where there is a need for force measurement.
Magnetoelastic force transducers are previously known from, for example, Swedish Patent No. 151 267. Such a transducer comprises a force-subjected magnetic core built up of magnetoelastic sheets, which core is provided with four through-holes for two windings located perpendicular one to the other, one winding being an excitation winding adapted to be connected to an a.c. source for generating a magnetic flux in the core, and the other winding being a measuring winding for sensing the magnitude of the magnetic flux passing through the measuring winding. The magnitude of this flux depends on the magnitude of the external force applied to the core.
Transducers of the above-mentioned type often suffer from linearity and zero voltage problems. The linearity can be improved by constructing the transducer with two measuring portions, for example in the manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,193,294, one portion being substantially subjected to tensile stress and the other being subjected to compressive stress, both stresses being proportional to the external force. A good linearity can then be attained by summing the respective signals from the measuring portions in suitable proportions.
The zero voltage of a magnetoelastic transducer is the phenomenon of a finite output voltage when there is no input force and is caused by internal stresses and crystal orientation in the sheet material of the core, which have arisen, inter alia, during the manufacturing processes of the sheet material, for example during rolling.
Published European Patent Application No. 0,089,916 shows an embodiment of a magnetoelastic transducer with a specially formed sheet section with a measuring part formed as a doubly-bent beam. This transducer exhibits extremely good linearity and low zero voltage values.
In many applications nowadays it is a requirement that the output signal of a force transducer should be zero at zero applied force. Also, for safety reasons it is often a requirement that a residual zero voltage must not be electrically compensated for, since in the event of an electricity supply failing, offsetting a zero voltage may have serious consequences.
In connection with the manufacture of any device and thus a magnetoelastic transducer, it is greatly to be desired that the device should be simple to manufacture and should not require too high a degree of precision.
According to the invention described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 130,545, filed Dec. 9, 1987 the transducer has a core of magnetic material made from two cylindrical and identical bodies which are held together with the aid of a stud bolt. In an axially and concentrically inner space there is located a bobbin supporting two measuring windings and one excitation winding adapted to be supplied with alternating current. The interior of the transducer core is formed such that, adjacent to the respective measuring winding in each one of the bodies, there is provided a thin cylindrical tubular wall of magnetic material. When the transducer core is influenced by an external force via the stud bolt, a compressive stress arises in one of these tubular walls and a tensile stress arises in the other tubular wall. In a known manner these stresses influence the magnetic conditions in the core in such a way that a signal, proportional to the applied force, is obtained from the measuring windings which are electrically connected together in opposition.
Excellent though the transducer described above is in many respects, it does have a limited performance as regards its ability to generate a zero signal at zero applied force. With the arrangement described in the aforesaid copending U.S. patent application therefore, the feasible fields of application are limited. Since the design is simple and is favourable from the point of view of ease of manufacture, it would be desirable to be able to improve the zero voltage performance in some way. The present invention relates to a design which corresponds broadly to the disclosure of the aforesaid copending U.S. patent application but which has a considerably improved zero voltage performance.
A magnetoelastic transducer according to the invention has a core of magnetic material made from two cylindrical and identical bodies. Extending from a first circular end surface of each body a first axial center hole is provided which has an axial length somewhat shorter than the length of the cylindrical body. The first axial center hole is provided with an internal screw thread. A second axial center hole with a diameter smaller than that of the above-mentioned first center hole is formed in the remaining central part of the cylindrical body. This second hole is also provided with an internal screw thread.
Extending from the other (or second) circular end surface of each cylindrical body, a concentric, tubular space is provided having an axial length somewhat shorter than the length of the body. The inner diameter of the tubular space is chosen such that a thin cylindrical tubular wall is formed between this space and the first axial center hole.
The two identical cylindrical bodies are now connected together with their second ends confronting in such a way that the two tubular spaces are facing each other. The connecting together is performed by means of a stud bolt with a shank diameter adapted to provide clearance in the respective first axial center hole and with a threaded bolt end dimension adapted to the threads of the smaller, second threaded axial center hole. The shank of the stud bolt has such a length that& it extends somewhat beyond the respective first circular end surface of the assembled transducer.
In the enclosed annular space that is formed when the two cylindrical bodies are connected together in the manner described there is placed a bobbin, the inner diameter of which is dimensioned to fit against the outer diameter of the two thin cylindrical tubular walls and the axial length of which is somewhat shorter than the entire axial length of the enclosed annular space. The bobbin is provided with two measuring windings wound around the bobbin in such a way that a different measuring winding will be located, in the axial direction, outside each of the two thin cylindrical tubular walls provided one by each of the two assembled cylindrical bodies. The bobbin is also provided with an excitation winding disposed around the outside of the two measuring windings and extending over the entire axial length of the bobbin.
From a magnetic point of view, the measuring windings are electrically connected in opposition which also means that the voltages induced in the windings by any change of flux in the core oppose one another, the total output voltage being approximately zero when the applied force is zero.
By placing the transducer on one first circular end surface against a fixed base and allowing the force which it is desired to measure to be applied to the shank of the stud bolt, a compressive stress is obtained in the thin cylindrical tubular wall which is positioned nearest to the base, and a tensile stress is obtained in the thin cylindrical tubular wall which faces the force-applying side This influences the magnetic conditions in a known manner for magnetoelastic transducers, and a signal proportional to the applied force can be obtained from the measuring windings.
The transducer can be adapted in a very simple way for measuring tensile forces. This can be done, for example, by providing the stud bolt with a loop or the like.
A magnetoelastic transducer according to the above will, with a fair probability, exhibit a certain residual voltage at zero applied force. Because of the design of the transducer core there are several possibilities for mechanical balancing and compensation of the zero signal.
As described above, the bobbin supporting the windings has an axial length shorter than the axial length of the annular space in the core which receives it. According to this invention means is provided so that the bobbin can be moved, adjusted and fixed in the axial direction inside the transducer core so that a possible zero signal can be compensated for. Such an axial adjustment is generally sufficient and can most easily be performed by providing a further pair of threaded holes (e.g. diametrically disposed relative to the axis of the core) extending into the concentric tubular space of each body from the first end surface thereof. However this invention includes a further possibility for mechanical compensation. A spring means (e.g. a coil spring) whose prestress can be influenced by means of an adjusting screw having threads to mesh with the threads of the first centrally threaded hole not occupied by the stud bolt can be fitted into this hole. By prestressing the spring means to a smaller or greater extent, a suitable force is added, which counteracts the residual zero signal. Since the path of force of the spring is much longer than the compression of the transducer upon loading, the spring force will be changed only to a negligible extent when the transducer is subjected to load, i.e. the transducer has been loaded with a constant force.
Instead of using a coil spring, it is, of course, possible to use a suitable number of spring washers or other resilient member(s).
To prevent the stud bolt from disturbing the magnetic field configuration of the transducer, it is suitably made of a non-magnetic material.
The invention will now be further described, by way example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 shows the first of two identical, cylindrical bodies that included in a magnetoelastic force transducer to the invention,
FIG. 2 shows a bobbin on which two measuring windings and one excitation winding of the transducer are wound,
FIG. 3 shows the second of the two identical, cylindrical bodies that are included in the magnetoelastic transducer according to the invention,
FIG. 4 shows how the component parts of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are assembled to form a magnetoelastic transducer according to the invention, and
FIG. 5 shows a wiring diagram for the windings included in the transducer of FIG. 4.
The construction of a magnetoelastic force transducer according to the invention will be clear from a study of the accompanying drawing. FIGS. 1 and 3 show two identical, cylindrical bodies 1 and 2 which together provide the magnetic core of the transducer and are thus fabricated from an appropriate magnetoelastic material. First axial center holes 5 and 6 are formed in the bodies 1 and 2 and these extend from respective circular end surfaces, the axial length or axial depth of these holes 5, 6 being somewhat shorter than the axial length of the respective cylindrical body 1 or 2. It will also be clear from FIGS. 1 and 3 that these center holes 5 and 6 have been provided with internal screw threads 7 and 8. Second axial center holes 9 and 10 each with a smaller diameter than that of the first center holes 5, 6 have been made in the remaining central core. The holes 9 and 10 are also provided with internal screw threads (11 and 12).
Extending from the circular end surface 3 and 4 of each body (the first end surfaces), two diametrically disposed and concentrically threaded holes 13, 14 and 15, 16, respectively are provided.
Extending from the respective second end surfaces 17 and 18 of each cylindrical body 1 and 2, concentric annular spaces 19 and 20 are provided, the axial length of each of these spaces being somewhat shorter than the length of the cylindrical bodies 1 and 2. In this way, a thin cylindrical tubular wall 21 and 22, respectively, is framed between the hollow spaces 5, 19 in body 1 and 6, 20 in body 2.
FIG. 2 shows a cylindrical bobbin 23 on which measuring windings 24 and 25 and an excitation winding 26 are wound. The inner diameter of the bobbin 23 is dimensioned to be a slide fit against the outer surface of the cylindrical tubular walls 21 and 22.
FIG. 4 shows how a magnetoelastic force transducer according to the invention is assembled from the cylindrical bodies 1 and 2 and the bobbin 23. To keep the two cylindrical bodies 1, 2 pressed against each other, the mounting is performed with the aid of a stud bolt 27, to which the force P to be measured is applied. The shank diameter of the stud bolt 27 is adapted to provide clearance in one of the center holes 5 or 6 (in hole 5 as shown in FIG. 4) and the stud bolt 27 has a reduced diameter end portion 27a provided with a screw thread corresponding to the threads 11 and 12 in the holes 9 and 10. The stud bolt can be made of non-magnetic material.
In use, the force transducer is stood (surface 4 on a base support 35) so that the force to be measured loads the core inducing a tensile stress in wall 21 and a compressive stress in wall 22. For measuring a tensile force, as mentioned above the stud bolt 27 can be provided with a loop or the like (not shown).
For adjusting and fixing the bobbin 23 in the annular space 19/20, adjusting screws 28, 29, 30 and 31 are used. First, a rough adjustment of the axial positioning of the bobbin 23 is made, so that the measuring windings 24, 25, which are each adapted to be positioned in a reactive one of the two bodies 1, 2 are placed to surround the concentric cylindrical tubular walls 21/22 which are formed respectively between the first central and axial holes and the inner concentric tubular space in each body. The final axial position of the bobbin 23 in the transducer core is determined during a calibration procedure carried out on the transducer. The position of he bobbin is adjusted axially until the output signal of the transducer at zero applied force becomes zero, until the output signal acquires a minimum value.
Although diametrically located holes 13, 14 and 15, 16 are described, since their purpose is to receive screws to adjust the axial position of the bobbin it will be appreciated a different arrangement and/or number of holes is clearly possible.
When it is essential that there be zero residual voltage, a spring 32 can be located in the hole 6 for further fine adjustment. Prestressing of the spring is performed by an adjusting screw 33 threaded into the center hole 6. As shown in FIG. 4 the spring 32 consists of a coil spring but a number of spring washers or other resilient member(s) can be used in the hole 6.
The manner in which the windings are energised is shown in FIG. 5. The dots 36 indicate the measuring windings 24, 25 are connected in opposition as is conventional in force transducers of this type. The excitation winding 26 is connected to an a.c. source 37, and in the usual manner with a magnetoelastic force transducer, generates the magnetic flux in the core parts 1 and 2, the force distortion of which is sensed by the windings 24, 25. An electrical output signal, proportional to the applied force P, is generated in the windings 24 and 25 and is fed to a current- or voltage-sensing instrument 34, which, after calibration, is used for reading the force applied at each particular time. The instrument can be calibrated directly in force units.
The basic design of the force transducer is clear from FIG. 4. Within the scope of the invention, possibilities are provided for supplementing and changing constructive elements to a certain extent. To guide the shank of the stud bolt 27, the threaded hole 5 (or 6), which is threaded only because of a desire to make the two bodies 1 and 2 identical, can be provided with a bearing bushing (not shown) of a suitable low friction material.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US1906551 *||Jan 8, 1930||May 2, 1933||Forest Alfred V De||Magnetic testing method and means|
|US4193294 *||Dec 22, 1977||Mar 18, 1980||Asea Aktiebolag||Magnetoelastic transducer with linear and temperature-independent characteristic|
|EP0899169A1 *||Aug 4, 1998||Mar 3, 1999||Richard Riley||Automatic release device and operator restraining apparatus for mobile work equipment|
|SE151267A *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5394756 *||Apr 26, 1993||Mar 7, 1995||Asea Brown Boveri Ab||Three-dimensional magnetoelastic force transducer|
|US5437197 *||Aug 20, 1993||Aug 1, 1995||The Board Of Governors Of Wayne State University||Magnetostrictive sensor structures|
|US5675094 *||Jan 11, 1996||Oct 7, 1997||Sensortech Lp||Load variation detector|
|US5686672 *||Dec 18, 1995||Nov 11, 1997||Klauber; Robert D.||Stress and load variation detector|
|US6422096||Aug 6, 1998||Jul 23, 2002||Blh Electronics, Inc.||Load cell|
|US7062981 *||Feb 29, 2000||Jun 20, 2006||Wittenstein Gmbh & Co. Kg.||Sensor, in particular, a magnetostrictive or magnetoelastic sensor|
|US7104137||Apr 20, 2004||Sep 12, 2006||Delphi Technologies, Inc.||Magnetostrictive fluid-pressure sensor|
|US9200946 *||Dec 26, 2012||Dec 1, 2015||Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag||Ultrasonic transducer for an ultrasonic flow measuring device|
|US20050229712 *||Apr 20, 2004||Oct 20, 2005||Baudendistel Thomas A||Magnetostrictive fluid-pressure sensor|
|US20080168844 *||Jan 16, 2007||Jul 17, 2008||Bruno Lequesne||Magnetostrictive strain sensor (airgap control)|
|US20100180474 *||Jul 22, 2010||The Timberland Company||Extreme service footwear|
|US20130205904 *||Dec 26, 2012||Aug 15, 2013||Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag||Ultrasonic transducer for an ultrasonic flow measuring device|
|WO1997024590A1 *||Dec 16, 1996||Jul 10, 1997||Sensortech L.L.C.||Stress and load variation detector|
|Cooperative Classification||G01L1/125, G01L1/127|
|Dec 10, 1987||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ASEA AKTIEBOLAG, VASTERAS, SWEDEN, A SWEDISH CORP.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:NORDVALL, JAN O.;REEL/FRAME:004816/0820
Effective date: 19871125
|Sep 24, 1992||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 10, 1996||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|May 4, 1997||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jul 15, 1997||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19970507


For homeowners, termite control in Curl Curl is a necessity. Unfortunately, this is no isolated case of termite problems in Curl; the coastal city has been in an ongoing conflict with termite swarms since the 1800s. This war has spilled into the adjoining areas of Bellingen and Ryde Beach, and now each town has a termite control plan in place for periodic inspection and eradication of termites. If you are a resident or property owner in Curl and have discovered colonies of termites along your coastal wall, there are several options available to you. Depending on the extent of the termite infestation, one plan or another may be more appropriate than others.
If you live in Curl and you find termites on or around your homes, do not delay termite control and immediately call a termite control in Curl Curl. These pesky insects have the potential to ruin the expensive property that you worked hard to purchase. The first step to termite control in Curl is to ensure that all the building materials, especially wood, have been properly cleared away and that the soil surrounding the foundations of the house is also clear of any debris. If you are unsure where termite infestation has occurred, contact a pest control professional immediately. It may be best to hire an exterminator as termite treatment cannot be done effectively by a homeowner.
After termite control has been carried out, it becomes necessary to implement preventative measures to prevent termites from coming back. To save on additional costs related to termite treatment, it is important to regularly inspect the wooden components of the house and garage. For example, termite damage to wooden beams can result in cracked wood. If wooden beams have cracks, termites can easily enter the structure. If you live in Curl, it is important to repair any damage that you see immediately before termite infestation can take place.
There are several companies that offer termite control in Curl Curl at affordable prices. These companies will offer consultations and termite treatments that can keep termites from attacking your home and property. However, it is crucial to only trust reputable termite control companies. In order to be certain that your termite problem is being handled professionally and safely, it is recommended that you research the termite company in question before hiring them.
One way of termite control in Curl is by applying baits. Baits are placed beneath wood and bait is periodically pulled out and replaced. This method is effective but may be difficult to pull off during heavy rainfall or when heavy snowfall is expected.
Another termite control in Curl Curl option is the use of fumigation. In this treatment, chemicals are injected under the ground to engage termites in the soil and prevent them from reproducing. Sometimes, these fumigation treatments may release a chemical aerosol that damages or kills termites. This option is effective for smaller termite colonies but is not recommended for termite control in Curl that is widespread throughout the property.
The use of baits and fumigation as termite control in Curl are effective. However, they are both temporary solutions to termite control. If the property owner does not address the problem of termite infestation, it may become more serious. For example, if no one replaces the termite baits during heavy rains, the termite population will continue to increase and may ultimately overtake the property. Contact Northern Beaches Termite Pest Control at www.northernbeachestermitepestcontrol.com.au to get the best termite treatment, termite control, and termite removal serrvices.
For homes that are vacant, termite control can be done by the property owner. For long term termite control, like with vacant properties, the best solution is to hire a licensed termite contractor. A termite contractor can assess your property for termite infestation and provide you with termite control options. If you have some vacant properties in your possession, you can contact a termite control contractor and ask for termite control in Curl from them. However, make sure you get an estimate before you let him do the termite control in Curl for you.


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Mobile shoppers are growing even if a large part of them still prefer buying from desktop. I have recently posted a content about this topic and why the shopping experience is still better from desktop and what you can do to increase your conversion rate from mobile. You can find the entire post HERE
The users rate
But mobile is growing and so it are shopping apps. In fact about the 26% of mobile shoppers have used a shopping app in the last month to purchase a good.
The users age
The most educated users age-range are the young adults. 30% of them have 25 to 34 years old, 29% are 16 to 24 years old. Millennials is of course the most engage users segment
The users gender
And what about the gender? Of course women love shopping! That’s why 28% of them are women and 24% are men.

domain: sociology


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Cheyenne Frontier Days Cattle Drive On Sunday
This Sunday, July 15, The unofficial start to Cheyenne Frontier Days will have some 550 Corriente steers driven south along I-25 and into Cheyenne's Frontier Park for rodeo events. Officially, The Daddy Of 'Em All begins Friday, July 21. SCHEDULE
Beginning in a pasture north of Cheyenne, near Horse Creek Road, the annual cattle drive travels south along Hynds Blvd., the I-25 frontage road, to Central Ave. by the Governor’s Mansion, Kennedy Road, Carey Avenue and into Frontier Park.
Here are the approximate times that the cattle are expected at points along the trail:
7:15-7:45 a.m.-Interstate 25 and Horse Creek Road
8:15 a.m. I-25 frontage road and Riding Club Rd.
8:45 a.m. I-25 and Vandehei Avenue.
9-9:15 a.m. I-25 and Central Ave.
Times are approximate because…. They’re cows. But all in all, the drivers have proven to be real good at keeping times tight. Yea Cowboys and cowgirls.
The Wyoming Highway Patrol will not allow parking along I-25 at any time during the Cattle Drive. Also, Central Avenue between Kennedy Road and Hynds Boulevard will be closed while the cattle are on Central Avenue.
Spectators are encouraged to watch the free event from vantage points along the route and don’t forget to bring your cameras.

domain: news


With a small adjustment, Huntsville City Council approves the 2022 budget
Huntsville City Council on Thursday approved its budgets for fiscal 2022 after receiving the only request it wanted: more money for road resurfacing.
In fact, it was the council’s only point of soft protest as it considered the budget proposed by Mayor Tommy Battle’s administration passing the general fund budget of $ 249 million as well as two plans to improve the properties. fixed assets.
The administration on Thursday increased its funds for road resurfacing by $ 1 million – bringing it to a total of $ 14.5 million – and the city council responded with statements of appreciation and agreed. after getting the setting he wanted.
It was a somewhat extraordinary budget, considering it included $ 80 million for a new town hall as well as $ 1 million for Huntsville city schools to build a new central office on North Memorial Parkway. . These elements had already been approved by the council but the 2022 budget puts it into action.
It also included a 3 percent cost-of-living adjustment for all employees – the largest such increase in 13 years as mayor of Battle.
âEveryone brought their ideas to the table,â said Councilor Bill Kling. âThe mayor has given us a very good foundation to work with and I think there are a lot of good things that are going to take care of what we already have. I know we’re looking at future expansion, planning and growth, but I see a lot of good things here that support what we already have and I think it’s been a really good teamwork approach. This is what local government is for when everyone can come to the table and contribute their best ideas. “
The administration amended the 1990 Capital Improvement Plan – which provides funds for road resurfacing, among other things – to meet the council’s demand for more money than originally planned for roads. .
The additional $ 1 million that was added to the roads budget brought the total to $ 14.5 million. This was a 23% increase over Budget 2021’s resurfacing budget and was in line with what Public Works Director Chris McNeese said the council was doable in terms of getting the money spent. .
City officials said the amount of money budgeted for road resurfacing is only as good as what can be spent by having paving crews available to carry out the work.
City administrator John Hamilton said the additional $ 1 million was added from revenue projections over the next 10 years of the 1990 capital improvement plan and no funding for a other project had been stolen to pay for additional resurfacing funds.
âThe capital plan is a 10-year model, so I was able to make some adjustments without taking anything away from the current year’s projects,â Hamilton said. âIt kind of fades over the 10 years. The next nine years make fairly conservative income assumptions.
âIt’s good to have a 10-year plan to see and get a general idea of ââwhere you’re going. In terms of what is actually executed, next year is really what matters. “
Hamilton said he believed the city would be able to spend the $ 14.5 million on resurfacing in the next fiscal year, but noted it was an ongoing project that never ends . Also at the city council meeting on Thursday, the council approved more than $ 5.3 million for the second phase of resurfacing in the 2021 budget that ends next week.
Overall, the board expressed satisfaction with the budget and Battle said the process was “not contentious” this year.
“I would say the reason it went so well is the recommendation of the finance committee that we have a working session ahead of time,” said Board Chair Jennie Robinson. âWe’ve never done this before. This August working session where we were able to give our opinion on where we came from, so there weren’t any surprises for the administration and we didn’t sort of fight over things made this process much more fluid.


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Desai, Kartiki V and Michalowska, Aleksandra and Kondaiah, Paturu and Ward, Jerrold M and Shih, Joanna and Green, Jeffrey E (2004) Gene expression profiling identifies a unique androgen-mediated inflammatory/immune signature and a PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10)-mediated apoptotic response specific to the rat ventral prostate. In: Molecular Endocrinology, 18 (12). pp. 2895-2907.
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Understanding androgen regulation of gene expression is critical for deciphering mechanisms responsible for the transition from androgen-responsive (AR) to androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer (PCa). To identify genes differentially regulated by androgens in eachprostate lobe, the rat castration model was used. Microarray analysis was performed to compare dorsolateral (DLP) and ventral prostate (VP)samples from sham-castrated, castrated, and testosterone-replenished castrated rats. Our data demonstrate that, after castration, the VP and the DLP differed in the number of genes with altered expression (1496in VP vs. 256 in DLP) and the nature of pathways modulated. Gene signatures related to apoptosis and immune response specific to the ventral prostate were identified. Microarray and RT-PCR analysesdemonstrated the androgen repression of IGF binding protein-3 and -5,CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-\delta, and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 ( PTEN) genes, previously implicated in apoptosis. We show that PTEN protein was increased only in the luminal epithelial cells of the VP, suggesting that it may be a key mediator of VP apoptosis in the absence of androgens. The castration-induced immune/inflammatory gene cluster observed specifically in the VP included IL-15 and IL-18. Immunostaining of the VP, but not the DLP, showed an influx of T cells, macrophages, and mast cells, suggesting that these cells may be the source of the immune signature genes. Interestingly, IL-18 was localized mainly to the basal epithelial cells and the infiltrating macrophages in the regressing VP,whereas IL-15 was induced in the luminal epithelium. The VP castration model exhibits immune cell infiltration and loss of PTEN that is often observed in progressive PCa, thereby making this model useful for further delineation of androgen-regulated gene expression with relevance to PCa.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Additional Information:||The copyright of this article belongs to Endocrine Society.|
|Keywords:||androgen gene regulation;microarray;gene expression profiling;inflammation;apoptosis;PTEN|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics (formed by the merger of DBGL and CRBME)|
|Date Deposited:||10 Jan 2005|
|Last Modified:||18 Jan 2012 09:56|
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domain: biology


Retro styling with a thoroughly modern 500-hp Hemi V8.
Having been teased earlier in the month, this Sublime Green Challenger T/A concept has been unveiled in full ahead of its debut at SEMA 2014 next week. Inspiration comes from racing driver Sam Posey’s original number 77 Challenger T/A, with Mopar adding a slew of goodies to the retro muscle car, including matte-black 20-inch alloys housing Brembo brakes, an active exhaust system that can divert flow to the suitably loud side pipes, and aero add-ons such as a front splitter and decklid spoiler.
Power comes from Chrysler’s 6.4-liter Hemi V8, which sends 485 hp and 475 lb-ft of torque to the rear wheels via a six-speed manual. A functional Viper-style hood scoop and Air Catcher ram-air intake tubes where the running lights should help the powerplant breathe, while the stripped-out interior with no rear seats, half a roll cage and four-point harnesses suggest this is car not to be messed with. It might not have the 707 ponies of the Hellcat, but the Dodge Challenger T/A is just as intimidating and easily as cool. Let's hope this concept makes it to production.


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These birthday mice came to me from Jennifer's images swap in the stamp shack a few months ago. this one is stamped on the backside of linen textured cardstock... ( the ones that were stamped on the lumpy side all were tossed, could not color them with pencils...) the textured teal cardstock is bazzill, the yellow ribbon is Offray. the cardbase is Paper Trey Ink spring moss. this is 4 1/2" x 6" in real life.
a friend of mine is really into cows,(yes Linda, this is headed out to you in today's mail) so this pay it forward swap image came to me from sbs81 ( Thanks Stephanie!) it was fun to color. ribbons may arts, red bandana pp is from Flair designs, black textured cs bazzill, (yellow is bazzill also) Sentiments from the dollar bin and Michaels. this is 5X6 in real life.
This is a peddlers pack stamp i picked up at that used stamp sale at the store across the mountains a few months ago. colored this images months ago... finally slapped it on a quick card yesterday... sentiments from SU (all holidays) shimmery blue cardstock is bazzill and the cardbase is almost amethyst. This one is also 4 1/2 X 6 in real life.

domain: design


text:
The Trend among altcoins do not change for several months — Monero, EOS, Stellar, Cardano and Litecoin continue to fall steadily. It's possible that soon, cryptocurrency will please investors a good point to enter the market. A detailed technical analysis of their graphs is below.the
Almost half a month asset konsolidiruyutsya under resistance at $ 6. At the moment the main support for cryptocurrencies is the line in the area of $ 5.


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As a member of the European Union and party to several international conventions, Bulgaria is obliged to apply European and international rules, both in terms of cross-border disputes and projects, and in connection with cases concerning internal national issues, as well.
Our lawyers take care the client to be well aware of the trends in European and international law.
Our services in this area include:
- Consultation on regulatory requirements in the EU;
- Institutional issues – the powers of EU institutions and the rights of EU citizens;
- EU internal market and free movement of goods, services, people and capital;
- EU competition law;
- International Trade Law;
- Applicable law in international cases.

domain: law


Israel Completes ‘Successful’ Interception Test of Naval Iron Dome
Israel said Thursday it completed the interception test needed for the operation of a naval model of the Iron Dome air defense system.
Defense Minister Benny Gantz called the test a “groundbreaking technological process” marking a “significant milestone” for Israel’s naval defense abilities.
“Israel is continuing to build and strengthen its defense and attack capabilities – and will continue to keep its defensive edge in the area, protect its assets, its infrastructure and first and foremost – the lives and safety of the citizens of Israel,” Gantz stated.
In a joint statement, the Israeli Navy, the Defense Ministry’s Israel Missile Defense Organization (IMDO), and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems announced that the advanced interception test of the C-Dome Naval Iron Dome system was conducted aboard the Sa’ar-6 class INS Oz corvette missile ship.
The C-Dome is part of Israel’s multi-tier defense array developed against advanced threats from Iranian proxies with the capability to intercept rockets, cruise missiles and drones launched from the sea and the air to guard the country’s strategic assets, including off-shore natural gas rigs.
The final test for the operation of the naval Iron Dome comes after this week’s Iranian-led attack by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on an oil tanker operated by an Israeli-owned company off the coast of Oman.
“The maritime arena has changed, thus leading to wider responsibilities and more extensive operational tasks for the Israeli Navy,” said Admiral Guy Goldfarb, Deputy Commander in Chief & Chief of Staff of the Israeli Navy. “The Israeli Navy is at the height of the advanced operationalization of the Sa’ar 6 corvettes, currently taking place at record speed.”
“The Sa’ar 6 corvettes will be a central means of protecting the Exclusive Economic Zone and ensuring the State of Israel’s maritime superiority,” Goldfarb remarked.


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Thailand is paying special attention to women and children by providing them with greater access to affordable health care, including reproductive health care, essential drugs, health promotion, and family planning services.
Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra said she believed that equal access to healthcare for all, regardless of gender or race, is a basic element of human rights and security.
The statement was made at the 'Every Woman, Every Child' Dinner, held in New York on 25 September 2012, as part of her trip to the United States for the 67th Session of the United Nations General Assembly.
Prime Minister Yingluck said that promoting good health for women and children would help support efforts to reach the Millennium Development Goals. For these reasons, improving access and quality of health care for all became one of her top priorities to be implemented in her first year as Prime Minister. This commitment has led to the improvement of the one-dollar Universal Health Coverage scheme, which has been Thailand's flagship policy since 2002 and covers over 99 percent of the population. Thailand has also expanded its HIV treatment program to cover all infected persons, in particular, HIV infected pregnant women, to prevent transmission from mother to child.
The Prime Minister said that in order to ensure that all citizens - men, women, and children - are protected at all times, the Thai government has recently introduced a universal emergency health care system that allows lifesaving emergency medical attention at the closest hospital, regardless of each person's health care benefit package.
She explained that Thailand's health care policy provides a strong foundation to promote women empowerment. Her policy on women has been influenced by her own upbringing. She grew up in an entrepreneur family that operated a small cinema in northern Thailand, where her mother would help her father sell movie tickets and collect parking fees. So from a young age, she has been encouraged to work for a living, and being a woman was never an obstacle.
The Prime Minister said that she considers herself very fortunate to have been given these opportunities, which allowed her to pursue her own careers in business and politics. Most importantly, she was able to contribute to building a happy family and making a difference in society. The Government has also launched a nationwide Woman Development Fund to ensure greater access to funding for women to open up opportunities for them to conduct their own businesses. Apart from job creation, this program also provides assistance and consultations to women suffering from abuse and domestic violence.
As for children, the Government has implemented childhood development policy based on the life cycle approach. This program provides the right combination of health care and learning programs at different stages of children's life cycle.
As a woman and a mother, Prime Minister Yingluck said she believe that there is no wish more basic, no task more important, than protecting the health of a child and the mother. As Prime Minister, she wishes to see a healthy world population where everyone has access to quality health care regardless of race or gender.
She also reaffirmed her commitment to the Every Woman Every Child project, initiated by the United Nations Secretary-General.


Kondo tunneling through real and artificial molecules
When a cerocene molecule is chemisorbed on metallic substrate, or when an asymmetric double dot is hybridized with itinerant electrons, its singlet ground state crosses its lowly excited triplet state, leading to a competition between the Zhang-Rice mechanism of singlet-triplet splitting in a confined cluster and the Kondo effect (which accompanies the tunneling through quantum dot under a Coulomb blockade restriction). The rich physics of an underscreened Kondo impurity in the presence of low-lying triplet/singlet excitations is exposed. Estimates of the magnetic susceptibility and the electric conductance are presented.
1. The problem of tunneling through a sequence of resonance levels was formulated about three decades ago . At that stage, little attention was paid to the specific structure of the tunnel barrier. Nowadays, novel experimental techniques enable the fabrication of artificial objects which carry some of the salient features of complex quantum systems existing in Nature, and to include them as resonance barriers in electron tunneling devices. They manifest numerous unusual properties and might be regarded as important ingredients in future microelectronics . Examples are double quantum dot structures  , atomic and molecular wires and bridges[5, 6].
At the same time, new methods of tunneling microscopy make it possible to elucidate the properties of single atoms and molecules adsorbed on a surface. The combination ”nanotip – atom/molecule – substrate” is then a quantum system with exceptional resonance features and potential applications .
In the present work we expose the physics of tunneling through real and artificial molecules in which there is presumably a singlet ground state with an even number of electrons, which are spatially separated into two groups with different degree of localization. Electrons in the first group are responsible for strong correlation effects (Coulomb blockade), whereas those in the second group are coupled to a metallic reservoir. Hybridization with itinerant electrons result in transformation of the nonmagnetic (singlet) ground state into a magnetic one.
Possible real molecules are lanthanocene molecules Ln(CH) with the ions Ln=Ce, Yb in a cage formed by -bonded carbon atoms . In these molecules the electrons in a strongly correlated -shell are coupled with loosely bound electrons. In an analogy with Zhang-Rice (ZR) singlet in Cu-O planes of high-T perovskites , the ground state of this molecule is a spin singlet combination of an f-electron and -orbitals, and the energy of the first excited triplet state is rather small ( eV). In the ytterbocene (hole counterpart of cerocene) the ground state with one -hole is a triplet, and the gap for a singlet excitation is tiny, eV. The fullerene-like molecules doped with Ce or Yb form another family with apparently similar properties. In all these systems there is no direct overlap between the strongly correlated -electrons and the metallic reservoir. However, these electrons can influence the tunnel properties of the molecule via covalent bonding with the outer -electrons which, in turn, are coupled to the metallic reservoir.
Artificial candidates are double-dot structures (say and ) in tunneling contact with each other, but only is coupled with the metallic leads. The respective gate voltages are such that . Coulomb blockade then prevents double charging of , so it can play the same role as atom in molecular complexes described above. The dot donates the loosely bound electrons which contribute to the tunnel current .
The pertinent physics to be exposed below is that of a competition between the ZR mechanism of singlet-triplet splitting in a confined cluster and Kondo effect which accompanies the tunneling through quantum dot under Coulomb blockade confinement . Usually, tunneling through quantum dot containing an even number of electrons does not display a Kondo resonance due to its spin singlet ground state. Analysis of conditions under which the singlet ground state changes into a partially screened spin-one Kondo state due to hybridization with metallic leads is one of the goals of this study.
2. A simple model which describes this type of molecules was considered in , hereafter referred to as a ”Fulde molecule” (FM). It contains two electrons occupying a potential well which is formed by deep and shallow valleys. The Hamiltonian of an isolated FM is
Here creates a dot electron with spin at valley and spin , while the coupling constant is the inter-well tunneling integral. There are two electrons in a neutral ground state, and is the interaction term responsible for the Coulomb blockade of charged states (here ). The energy difference is postulated to exceed the overlap integral, Two-electron states of the FM are classified as a ground state singlet , low-lying triplet exciton , and high-energy singlet charge-transfer exciton . To order they are,
where and . In this order, the energy levels are :
The spin and charge branches of excitation spectrum of FM are characterized by rather different energy scales and , respectively. An interplay between Kondo triplet excitations (with some characteristic energy ) and ZR triplet excitations is expected when in the regime of Kondo resonance induced by tunneling to metallic reservoir .
The tunneling problem is encoded in the Anderson Hamiltonian which incorporates , together with the band Hamiltonian for the electrons in the leads, and the tunneling term . Here are operators for lead electrons and are tunneling matrix elements (assumed to be independent but strongly dependent on the dot valley quantum number . It is henceforth assumed that ). It is convenient to express the dot operators in terms of Hubbard operators, . Here stands for the neutral two-electron states (2), and the index is reserved for the charged one and three electron states: The tunnel matrix elements in the Hubbard representation are given as , where is the operator responsible for tunneling. The Anderson Hamiltonian then reads:
Using the Wigner-Eckart theorem, one can write where are Clebsh-Gordan coefficients and is the reduced matrix element. In a given vector-coupling scheme the tunneling results in the following transitions: ; ; ; . Here and are, respectively, the states with an excess electron (and hole) above (below) the Fermi level of the lead. Let us focus on the case where the Coulomb blockade eliminates the three electron states and consider the tunnel coupling involving only the states . The non-zero tunnel matrix elements are
where . The energy costs of these transitions are
where 3. We study the interplay between the singlet and triplet levels of the double quantum dot by the renormalization group method following the general line of ”poor man’s scaling” approach to the Anderson model . The renormalized levels are determined by the equations
Here are the tunnel coupling constants,
Integrating under the conditions , we find the scaling invariants which determine the scaling trajectories
The level is taken to be close to the bottom of the conduction band , so that scaling does not significantly affect it. It is then subtracted from the energies and . Now we see that the energies decrease together with . Since , the phase trajectory should cross that of at a certain point. Thus, quite remarkably, there is a crossover from singlet to triplet ground state of the FM due to tunnel contact with metallic leads. The crossing point can be estimated from eqs. (9): or, referring to the bare parameters, the value of renormalized bandwidth corresponding to this crossing point is Another important crossing point is the energy () where the scaling of also stops, the charge fluctuations become irrelevant, and one reaches the Schrieffer-Wolff limit where only spin fluctuations are responsible for scaling of the model Hamiltonian . This energy is determined by the equation
If , the Schrieffer-Wolff regime is reached after crossover from singlet to triplet ground state of the FM, and a Kondo type resonant tunneling is feasible. In the opposite case there is a singlet ground state and a soft triplet exciton (see figure 1).
And yet, the Kondo regime is still accessible once a properly tuned external magnetic field is applied . The novel feature here is that crossover can be induced by an upward shift of the dot level relative to by a suitable gate voltage (Fig. 1, inset).
We focus on the physically richer case of triplet solution . For a two-electron FM the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation  projects out the states and maps the Hamiltonian onto an effective Hamiltonian acting in a subspace of two-electron configurations and reduced conduction band,
. The local electron operators are defined as usual are the Pauli matrices. The singlet and triplet states are now intermixed, and the spin properties of FM are characterized by the vector operators and in accordance with the dynamical symmetry of spin rotator:
These operators obey the moment algebra (
and the Casimir operator is Surprisingly, this special representation of played an important role in particle physics many years ago . The effective exchange integrals are
in which is replaced by in the denominators, that is, , and are the positions of the scaled level on the flow diagram of Fig. 1. Thus, the pertinent physics is that of an underscreened Kondo impurity  in the presence of potential scattering and low-lying triplet/singlet excitations. A similar model was considered recently in Ref. studying the physics of tunneling through a vertical quantum dot in magnetic field . In that case, the electron orbital motion in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the dot is characterized by the same quantum number both in the dot and in the leads , and two orbitals participate in the transitions. The problem can then be mapped onto a special version of the two-impurity Kondo model.
Following  we now apply the ”poor man scaling approach”  to the Hamiltonian (11). Neglecting the irrelevant potential scattering phase shift  and using the above mentioned cutoff procedure, a system of scaling equations is obtained,(cf. )
(here ). The corresponding RG flow diagram has the fixed point , but the resulting Kondo temperature turns out to be a sharp function of . It is maximal when the states are quasi degenerate, . The scaling in this case is governed by the effective integral , and the system (15) is reduced to a single equation
with . In the opposite limit the scaling of stops at . Then and . The singlet ground state with zero is realized when .
4. The salient features of FM stem from the qualitative dependence of its ground state and low-energy spectrum on the coupling constants and . The unusual singlet-triplet crossing should show up in the magnetic properties of adsorbed molecules and tunnel transparency of asymmetric double quantum dots.
According to quantum chemical calculations of the energy spectrum of isolated cerocene molecule, the Van Vleck paramagnetic contribution of excitations is too weak to overcome the Larmor diamagnetic contribution of CH rings [7, 11]. This situation can drastically change for a FM adsorbed on a metallic layer. The fixed point corresponds to the scattering phases In the case of adsorbed FM this means that the molecule has a residual spin 1/2 which interacts ferromagnetically with the conduction electrons . The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility is predetermined by the energy parameters and . In particular, conserves its Curie-like character down to the lowest temperatures when , Then at the underscreened FM remains paramagnetic, and its susceptibility is
Here , , and is the invariant coupling function (solution of the Gell-Mann – Low equation, see ). The triplet spin state is restored at . In this regime the Kondo corrections as well as admixture of singlet state can be calculated by perturbation theory, with the result,
respectively for and . In the case of artificial FM the resonance scattering phase means perfect tunneling transparency of the quantum dot at and a logarithmic fall off at high temperatures. To calculate the tunneling transparency of FM sandwiched between two leads, one should add an index to the operator and switch to the standing wave basis  (in a symmetric configuration ). Then only the wave (+) is involved in tunneling, and the zero bias anomaly in the differential conductance (due to Kondo cotunneling) in the weak coupling regime is found as in (18):
respectively for the two limiting cases and . Here . Again the maximum effect is achieved in a nearly degenerate case. At the conductance tends to the unitarity limit.
In conclusion, the interplay between ZR-type coupling in real and/or artificial molecules and Kondo coupling between molecules and metallic reservoir may result in a crossover from a singlet spin state in a weak-coupling regime to an underscreened state at zero . The onset of Kondo regime in double quantum dot with even occupation can be driven either by a magnetic field or by a gate voltage.
Acknowledgmet This research is supported by Israeli S.F. grants ”Nonlinear Current Response of Multilevel Quantum Systems” and ”Strongly Correlated Electron Systems in Restricted Geometries”, DIP grant “Quantum Electronics in Low Dimensions” and BSF grant “Dynamical Instabilities in Quantum Dots”. We are grateful to I. Krive for valuable discussions and to I. Kikoin for assistance in numerical calculations.
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domain: pet


text:
Have lunch in downtown Douglas in one of two train themed restaurants.
Bring the family for some fun dining where you can learn about trains.
The Depot Restaurant, located at 100 S. Walnut Street, is housed in a former train station. The restaurant, featuring big burgers and steaks, offers entrées with names like, “The Trainwreck.”
TrThose seeking a deli-style lunch are encouraged to visit the Whistle Stop Mercantile located at 200 S. 3rd Street in Douglas. The restaurant’s sandwiches, salads and wraps carry train names like “The Roundhouse,” and “The Smokestack.”

domain: travel