22nd January, 2015
Coming on the heels of an Executive Order reducing cost of land transaction in Lagos, the State Governor, Mr. Babatunde Fashola SAN, Wednesday again signed into law another bill seeking to further ease processes in land transactions in the state, saying it is the responsibility of government to make land transactions easy for the prosperity of the people.
Titled, “A Law to Consolidate All Laws Relating to Registration of Land in Lagos State”, the law seeks, according to the Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice, Mr. Ade Ipaye, “to enable Lagosians have easy access to register their proprietary interest in Land seamlessly”, among others.
In his remarks shortly before signing the bill into law, Governor Fashola noted that it was important to secure land as an asset because of its importance to the prosperity of people, adding that in basic economics, land is a very important asset to capital formation.
Reiterating that it is the responsibility of government to maintain a registry of titles to land that has the highest level of integrity, the Governor said to the extent that land registration helps to create the divisions of land registry, it decentralizes the process and therefore improves access to land.
“In our basic economics, land is a very important asset to capital formation, you can’t start a bank, you can’t start a business, you can’t farm; you can’t even extract crude oil without identifying a particular piece of land or oil well. So it’s the basics of capital formation, it’s the basics of prosperity; it’s the basics of economic well being and the basics for job,” he said.
Governor Fashola, who noted that Western nations prospered by the way they have registered and titled all land assets, said the enabling law greatly enhanced the process of land registration such that a prospective land buyer would not need to see anybody but just go to the registry and know whether or not he should buy that land.
“So you don’t need somebody to come and tell you the history of how the land evolved from 20 families and one owner, once you go to the library registry you will see all the transactions there and your lawyer would be able to advise you whether to go on or not to go on”, the Governor said adding that it would also save a lot of time in getting transactions concluded.
The law, he said, would also strengthen the hand of government in the administration of the Land Use Act adding that his administration has even started issuing certificate of title to farmers which, according to him, “would form part of the bulwark of titles that would come under the scope of these harmonized laws.”
Advancing further reasons why the law was necessary, Governor Fashola said access to loans by farmers would be assisted through the law, adding that one of the reasons why farmers could not get small loans “in spite of all the work that has been done” was that banks tell them that they don’t have collateral although the farmers are sitting on land which is not in the structured form that the bank would take it from them.
“But once you have a reliable register and they say they have C of O, they can check and the banks can lend them money against that asset and anybody who wants to use that asset in a joint venture knows that it is a secure title,” the Governor said, adding, “and this is where again the job of the registrar of titles is a very important job that must be done with the highest level and measure of integrity.”
Recalling that he signed an Executive Order reducing the cost of land transaction in the state recently, the Governor noted, “Of course our electronic C of O is part of the bulwark of the titles that come here. What we do here is consistent with our reforms and attempt to improve land administration and ease of doing business continuously.”
The Governor thanked the Attorney-General and Commissioner for Justice, Mr. Ade Ipaye and members of the State House of Assembly for enhancing the formulation and passage of the bill adding that he had no difficulty in signing the bill into law “for its many informative initiatives and the fact also that it is consistent with the position which we have already taken that the Land Use Act in itself is not the problem of land access as a law.”
According to Governor Fashola, “What has been a challenge, as I have argued, is the way the Act is administered and if we continue to administer land transactions the way we were doing it 50 years ago without being mindful that the population has grown, that demands for land services has grown and that there is need for automation and reforms in the land administration system, then we will not be diagnosing the problem appropriately.”
On other things his administration has done to reform land administration processes, Governor Fashola, who noted that “automation and the use of technology are the defining issues here”, added, “whereas in some other parts of the country the process produces only a dozen or so land permits or applications, we are doing thousands per day in Lagos. So those methods of response clearly would not take us there.”
Earlier, while introducing the bill, the Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice, Mr. Ade Ipaye, said the Law would harmonize former land laws of the State namely; The Registered Land Law Cap R1; Registration of Titles Law and Registration of Titles (Appeals) Rules. Cap. R4, The Land Instruments Registration Law Cap. L58 and The Electronic Document Management Systems Law 2007.
The Attorney-General also introduced the new Registrar of Titles in the Lagos State Land Bureau in the person of Mrs. Modupe Osho-Adebiyi.
Also present at the event were members of the State Executive Council, including the Deputy Governor, Hon. (Mrs.) Adejoke Orelope-Adefulire, Commissioner for Information, Mr. Lateef Ibirogba and his Special Duties, Home Affairs and Culture, and Energy and Mineral resources counterparts, Dr. Wale Ahmed, Hon. Oyinlomo Danmole and Engnr Taofeek Tijani and Special Adviser on Works and Infrastructure, Engnr Ganiyu Johnson, among other dignitaries and top government functionaries.


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2/4 - Adding pictures...
It's amazing the places you can find an unexpected wifi connection these days -- even out in the middle of the woods in a place that makes much of its no-televisions-no-connectedness status. But lo and behold, our little cabin in the woods is tapping into someone's wireless, and Brett brought his laptop along just in case. So here we are!
Sofie has been (mostly) a saint so far. She slept the entire three hour drive here without so much as a peep, woke up for lunch when we arrived and then placidly went down for a nap about an hour and a half later.
Mom and Sofie napping
She's astonished by the cold, wintery world we've landed in. It was definitely in the teens when we left the cabin this morning to walk over to breakfast at the communal dining hall, and although we bundled her up so that only her face was showing and strapped her to my chest for extra warmth and then even wrapped the ends of my scarf around her chin, she looked around all wide-eyed and shocked as if she had no idea the world could be like this.
Last night was one of the brightest full moons I've ever seen, and the snow outside our window looked as if it was still daylight outside, or dusk maybe, at two a.m. The mountains that ring the Sleeping Lady glowed eerily and you could almost read a book by it. I half expected to see small woodland creatures dancing in a ring around one of the big pine trees. It was that otherworldly.
Perhaps it was the full moon that made Sofie crazy last night. Although she went down to bed at her usual time, she had a really tough time sleeping much more than an hour. We took turns settling her back down and have therefore been napping as much as humanly possible today. It's hard not to sympathize, though - she doesn't know what we're doing here, just that it's different and her bassinet is somewhere else. She finally ended up sleeping for a few hours in the twin bed window nook here, carefully bolstered in by pillows.
Playing with Daddy
Aside from that she's been her usual cheerful and sweet and goofy self, and we're having our usual book-reading orgy and enjoying the good life up here. Hopefully she'll sleep a little better tonight and we'll make it through to Sunday just fine!

domain: literature


|Environmental Handbook Volume II: Agriculture, Mining/Energy, Trade/Industry (GTZ, 1995, 736 p.)|
|Trade and industry|
|54. Mills handling cereal crops|
The sector embraces mills handling cereal crops, including warehousing for raw materials and end products, and also animal feed production and seed dressing, operations which are almost always linked to the cereal processing complex.
The only milling industries to be considered in the study are those involved in manufacturing end products for human consumption from raw materials imported or grown in rural areas, with animal feed simply a by-product.
Below, the environmentally relevant factors of noise, dust, process water and pesticides are considered.
The sector concerned can be divided essentially into four parts:
- storage, drying and seed dressing,
- flour mills,
- hulling mills,
- heat treatment.
Projects for the drying and storage of locally grown cereal and for seed conditioning have been given a boost recently and have been priority now that it is realised that raw materials for food need to be protected from spoilage and perishing due to climatic conditions, pests etc. and that better seed increases production.
Modern industrial mills have an integrated silo and warehouse capacity for the raw material to be processed and the end products and by-products manufactured. Depending on the site, ownership and the general purpose of the plants, drying and seed cleaning plants may be incorporated. By-products are often recycled as animal feed components.
Given the processing techniques employed today, it may generally be assumed that large volumes of air are required to produce milled and hulled products (flour, wholemeal products, flakes, grains etc.), in addition to power for cleaning, hulling, grinding (milling) and the transport of intermediate and end products.
This air is used mainly for vertical and horizontal transfer inside the milling or hulling system and for dust extraction from the processing units and the entire mill complex. Furthermore, under certain climatic conditions cool air is required to ventilate power plant and processing machinery as well as the entire building complex.
Industrial wastewater is produced only in the cereal washing department in the mill industry, and even then only where granular or wholemeal products are to be produced. The modern mill industry makes particular use of a dry cleaning process which separates out impurities by means of screens and weighing sorters. If the plant also produces bulgur and parboiled rice, process water with a low starch content is produced.
The wastewater from waste-recycling power generating plants, particularly that from rice husk gasification for the production of lean gas for gas-engine powered plants, has a phenol content of over 0.03 mg/l. When husks are burnt to produce steam, a residual quantity of 18% ash in relation to the quantity input must be disposed of. The same applies to gas plants.
It can therefore generally be stated that the environmental impacts of the mill operation lie in the following areas:
- dust emission,
- noise nuisance,
- hazard of dust explosions and fires,
- odour nuisance to a limited degree,
- hazard of toxic gas,
- recycling of residual substances and waste disposal,
- process water.
2.1 Cereal storage and handling
2.1.1 Port and transshipment silos, mill silos
Storage installations of this kind are used for the storage and transshipment of cereal for import and export. They are found in all major ports where imported cereals (wheat, maize, rice, millet etc.) as well as raw products and semi-finished products for the food and animal feed industry are put into store for intermediate storage, and from which the domestic industry is supplied with raw materials or goods for export are shipped (maize, rice, millet, tapioca etc.).
The following table shows the dust content of the service air from the various mill sections and admissible emission values in Germany.
Table 1 - Pollutants produced and admissible emission values in Germany
Type of mill industry
Dust content of service air
| || ||
Permissible emission values
Silo installations Drying plants Mills handling cereal crops Hulling mills Seed cleaning
12 to 15 15 to 18 approx.96 6 to 8 8 to 10
g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3
50 mg/m3 50 mg/m3 50 mg/m3 50 mg/m3 50 mg/m3
In storage installations with preliminary cleaning plants and in mills, dust emissions are collected in aspiration pipe systems during cleaning, and separated with the help of cyclones and filters. To achieve the best possible removal of dust from machines and buildings, all equipment handling materials and machinery should be enclosed and fitted with appropriate aspiration connections. The extraction of dust with so-called mass separators or filter separators is described and explained in the guidelines nos. 3676 and 3677 of the Association of German Engineers VDI. The safety measures in these guidelines should be observed.
With the high degree of mechanisation in modern mills, the only workplaces where dust is a problem are the loading and packing operations; here too, extraction devices must be used wherever possible.
All the dust from aspiration systems and cleaning in transshipment silo installations is collected and bagged.
The cleaning waste, which may contain live pests, is to be destroyed immediately.
In mill-cleaning plants, dust waste and granular cleaning waste is treated and added to mill afterproducts (bran) (feed ingredient).
Noise is another environmental problem. The increasing use of high-speed technical equipment and the intensive use of machines in the smallest possible space give rise to an increasing noise nuisance which is becoming a hazard to man.
Precautions must be taken to protect employees and local residents. Structural measures, such as the lining of ceilings and walls with soundproofing materials, must be taken, and vibration isolation materials must be used for machine foundations.
The TA-L [Technical Instructions on Noise Abatement] in Germany lays down, for the various industrial and residential areas and mixed use areas, safety guidelines for immissions which must be observed in the planning and erection of industrial plants.
Personnel must be issued with hearing protection where they are constantly exposed to noise levels of over 70 dB.
Information and training must therefore be provided for personnel, and compliance with safety measures monitored.
People, buildings and the machine stock can be at risk from dust explosions and fires. Following any such explosion, there is a chemical conversion of a dust/air mixture, which accelerates as heat is generated, causing a sudden pressure effect from existing or newly formed gases. Three components constitute the basis for a dust explosion: dust, air (oxygen) and ignition energy; the latter can be in the form of heat or electricity (electrostatic charging).
Silo installations are particularly at risk from dust explosions. Mechanical sparks, pockets of glowing materials, mechanical heating, hot surfaces, welding work, electrostatic discharge sparks and the like are possible ignition sources. They must be eliminated as a safety measure, and the formation of explosive dust concentrations must be prevented, for example by enclosing machines. Structural precautions can also be taken, namely the creation of compression-proof rooms and pressure release and explosion suppressing systems. The following organisational precautions are also effective in terms of fire and explosion safety:
- welding and cutting works only to be carried out during
- regular cleaning with dust-explosion-proof equipment;
- training of employees in the handling of fire-fighting equipment and
- information to employees about the causes of dust fires and explosions.
Finally, in the planning phase, provision must be made for taking all the measures required to limit the risk of explosion (cf. in Germany, VDI guideline, 2263 on dust fires and dust explosions - Staubbre und Staubexplosionen).
Gases are most commonly used to protect stocks (pest control) in the silo installations and warehouses, but under certain circumstances sprays and vapours are an option.
The types of pest control agent for cereals currently used and approved in Germany include gaseous insecticides:
- hydrogen phosphide,
- methyl bromide,
- hydrogen cyanide.
In addition to gases, fumigants and sprays can be used for the disinfestation of silos and stores - without any need to include stocks in the treatment.
The following are approved in Germany:
- piperonyl butoxide,
- and combinations of these.
The incorrect use of agents for pest control for stock protection purposes can lead to hazardous substances seeping into adjacent production or residential buildings (e.g. hydrogen phosphide). Therefore, particular attention must be paid to the technique of pest control (e.g. silo fumigation using a circulation system).
Specific bans or restrictions on the use of these agents are recorded in the plant pesticide register of the country concerned or may be requested from the registration office for these substances. The manufacturer's instructions must be strictly observed and made available in the local language.
After treatment, waiting periods must be observed to ensure that plant products do not contain higher residue levels than are permissible where they are to be brought into circulation or eaten (cf. environmental brief, Analysis, Diagnosis, Testing and Volume III, Compendium of Environmental Standards (CES)).
Authorised contractors must be employed for the application of agents to protect commodities stored in silos and warehouses; their personnel must be appropriately trained and able to use the special equipment and safety installations.
2.1.2 Cooperative stores and warehouses
Simple storage installations (including raw material stores) are warehouses for bagged commodities or for horizontal storage. Bagged commodities or loose grains are cleaned, stored, ventilated and may also be treated as a pest control measure. Most maize, rice and sorghum harvests are still stored in this way in many countries, with possible storage losses of 15% or more.
Figure 1 - Diagram of a port and transshipment silo installation
Standard warehouses should also have installations for cleaning, ventilation and fumigation.
The risk of dust explosions can be largely avoided in warehouses by a light and open design, although this does not protect against normal types of fires which can occur. Otherwise, the environmental implications are as described in 2.1.1. Pest control in warehouses may take the form of sprays although fumigation is also commonplace.
The safety measures for silo installations described in 2.1.1 are also applicable to warehouses, with the exception of measures against the risk of explosion.
Special precautions must be taken where gases are used for pest control purposes. As bagged commodities cannot be fumigated in airtight areas, gastight fumigation tarpaulins, sealed underneath with sand, are required if this type of pest control is to be used.
2.1.3 Seed cleaning installations
Seed dressing is not considered part of a mill's activities, but in many countries it is one of the services a cooperative storage facility may offer its members.
In using these facilities seed is produced with a higher grade purity thanks to air, screen and specific weight classification. The lower content of other types of grain and the improved growth conditions resulting from chemical treatment improve quality and thus yields per hectare.
The service air from seed cleaning plants contains primary dust. It and the cleaning waste produced (rejected grain, weed seeds etc.) can be used for animal feed production.
Treatment involves the wet or dry application of fungicides and insecticides which - as pesticides - protect the seed and are classified as seed treatment agents. All such treatments approved by the Biologische Bundesanstalt fd- und Forstwirtschaft (Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry) in Germany are listed in the pesticide register Pflanzenschutzmittel-Verzeichnis (1990).
These plant pesticides are used in seed improvement operations either alone or in combination depending on the purpose of the treatment.
Common pesticides (active ingredients) are:
- fenfuram etc.
Environmental measures in seed cleaning operations are confined, in terms of aspiration and service air, to keeping the production rooms and the outgoing waste air clean. The filter installations listed in paragraph 2.1.1 and the emission values shown in table 1 are applicable here.
When protecting seeds, appropriate precautions must be taken to protect personnel and, subsequently, users.
The approval regulations of the individual countries must be obeyed as must the manufacturer's recommendations for use (see too Volume III, CES).
Figure 2 - Diagram of a seed cleaning installation
2.1.4 Drying installations
Grain drying is a thermal process in which water is removed from the pre-cleaned damp commodities (cereal, maize, rough rice (paddy), sorghum etc.) by evaporation. Obviously, an adequate supply of heat is essential. The drying of the moist harvested produce is usual in warehousing facilities and the agricultural trade (cooperatives), and mill and silo facilities often have drying installations too. Thus, wherever large quantities of damp grain (moisture content of over 15%) are supplied, rapid drying is called for. Drying installations are used where natural sun drying is not practicable in view of the weather conditions (rainy season). Only dry commodities can be safely stored for prolonged periods without any deterioration in quality.
The service air of drying installations and the preliminary cleaning machines contains coarse to fine particles of dust which need to be separated by means of the dust separators described in paragraph 2.1.1. Drying installations are only used at harvest time, and should preferably be sited close to the (sparsely populated) growing areas. Noise is another problem. Very often mill and silo facilities also have drying installations.
The safety measures listed in 2.1.1 to protect against dust and noise must be taken here too.
Figure 3 - Diagram of a drying installation
2.2 Flour mills (wheat mills)
The purpose of a flour mill is to obtain large quantities of flour which also meet flour product requirements in terms of quality. The by-products and afterproducts (bran, middling and cleaning waste) are recycled in agriculture or in the animal feed industry in the form of feed components. Mills also make wholemeal products.
In some cases, very antiquated washing machines are still used today for cereal cleaning in the wheat mill industry, requiring monitoring of wastewater quantities (up to 1000 l/t), thus safe distances from residential areas must be maintained. In the modern cereal mill, water is only used for conditioning (wetting) the cereal and it is fully absorbed by the grain. Today, the entire cleaning process is carried out by means of air, screening and weight classification. Scouring machines have largely replaced the washing systems, thus no industrial wastewater is now produced.
In conventional mills handling cereal crops, some 5 - 10 cubic metres of air are required per milled tonne. This quantity drops to just 15% where machines working on the circulating air principle are used for cleaning. All service air discharged into the atmosphere must be filtered.
There is also a fire risk due to dust explosions in mills, and mills handling cereal crops as a whole generate noise emissions which have environmental implications for humans.
All safety measures described for cereal storage are appropriate for mills handling cereal crops in all respects. If silo installations are structurally linked to the mill, not only must automatic fire valves be fitted in the interconnecting materials handling equipment, but also the connecting walls between the installations must constitute fire barriers21). A settling tank for organic substances (husks, pieces of stem, fines etc.) must be provided.
21) For this reason, safe distances from populated areas must be maintained.
Figure 4 - Diagram of a wheat mill
2.3 Hulling mills
Hulling mills handle the following cereal types: oats, barley, rice, sorghum and millet, as well as pulses. While hulling mill technology is very different from that used in mills handling cereal crops, the environmental pollution and the resultant safety measures are largely similar in both types of mill.
2.3.1 Rice mills
The process from rough rice (paddy) through to ready-to-use white rice passes from cleaning with air, screening and weighing, dehulling and the polishing process (removal of the aleurone layer) through to sizing. Some countries have their own production from low to medium capacity rice mill facilities (China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand, India and some South American countries).
The environmental pollution from rice mills in these countries is considerable if there are no complete aspiration systems or such systems are not designed to appropriate technical standards. Often, cyclones alone are used for dust separation although they only achieve a separation level of 90 - 95%, with dust emissions standing at 70 to 150 mg/m3 air. Dust filters must be used.
The major disposal problem for rice mills is presented by the rice husks from the production process (20%). One possible means of economically recycling rice husks is that of pyrolysis to produce energy in steam power plants or lean gas for gas-engine plants (see environmental brief Plant Production).
Hot industrial water (approx. 65°C) and saturated steam are used to make parboiled rice (rice precooked in the husk).
Apart from the rice husks, all other by-products are either used locally as animal feed or exported (rice polish/emery flour).
A residue of about 18% ash is produced by rice hull pyrolysis. Ash can be disposed off locally as a soil structure improver and more recently rice hull ash has been used in steel works as an insulant.
Where parboiled rice is produced, organic substances are found in the wastewater, but in such small quantities that their recovery is not economical. Approx. 1 cubic metre of drinking quality water is required per tonne of rough rice (paddy), approximately 30% of which is absorbed by the grain.
Otherwise, the environmental impacts are as described in paragraphs 2.1.1 and 2.2.
The environmental protection measures to be observed for rice mills are listed here in order of priority:
- Dust emission values as applicable in mills handling
cereal crops must also be observed in rice mills, i.e. modern aspiration systems
with separators and filter installations must be used.
- Noise emissions are a nuisance to the population living in the surrounding area and so the details per sections 2.1.1 and 2.2 apply for this industry.
- The use of biodegradation tanks is recommended for wastewater disposal from parboiling facilities because of the higher starch concentrations.
- Measures must be taken to ensure proper hull disposal. In addition to pyrolysis and soil structure improvement, the hulls can be used in the brick industry, distilleries and possibly for furfurol production. Other uses are technically feasible and should be considered in the light of the particular site.
2.3.2 Hulling and processing of sorghum and millet
The industrial processing of sorghum and millet produces flours with good keeping properties and enables quality to be controlled in the light of the end products to be made. Better quality flours and higher yields are therefore achieved.
The upturn in the fortunes of this new branch of milling has been further enhanced by the possibility of blending this flour with wheat flour (composite flour). This has enabled a number of countries to use local raw materials by producing flours of this kind (blends of up to 20%).
The pollutants produced and safety measures to be taken are based on the data in paragraph 2.2.1.
2.3.3 Pulse hulling
The produce processed in hulling mills includes a range of pulses which are grown in temperate climates as well as the tropics. Pulses such as chickpeas, lentils and local bean varieties are brought onto the market in their hulled/split form or as flour.
The pollutants produced and safety measures to be taken are similar to the substances and measures described in paragraph 2.1.1.
2.4 Location planning
When planning the location of a food industry facility, it must be assumed that medium-sized and large operations will be accommodated. In such mass-production plants where food is processed, manufactured, transported, loaded and unloaded or stored, the following environmental factors must be taken into account, for which detailed information can be found in the relevant environmental briefs:
- An organised transport system is necessary as
facilities of this kind turn over substantial quantities of raw materials and
finished products (environmental brief and Transport and Traffic Planning).
- When planning larger facilities, a sea/land/sea transshipment facility should also be provided (environmental briefs Inland Ports and Ports and Harbours, Harbour Works and Operations).
- As facilities of this kind run day and night, they must be sited at appropriate distances from residential areas. Dust, and above all noise nuisance, must be prevented (environmental brief Planning of Locations for Trade and Industry).
- There should be a reliable energy supply on site to ensure safe operation of larger plants (environmental brief Overall Energy Planning).
- Furthermore, for safety reasons, they must be sited further from other industrial plants so that in the event of incidents (fire, dust explosion) extensive damage can be avoided.
- A water supply and organised disposal facilities are absolutely essential (environmental brief Water Framework Planning, Wastewater Disposal).
The fundamental factors in site selection (e.g. avoidance of agricultural areas or rare/valuable areas of countryside) are likewise to be found in the environmental brief on Planning of Locations for Trade and Industry.
2.5 Energy from husk waste
The energy requirement of milling plants ranges from 30 to 70 kWh per tonne of end product, and that of rice mills 30 kWh. One economic and environmental objective should be the use of the husks from rice production (approx. 20%) as a source of energy.
Waste gas emissions from the chimneys of steam power plants are becoming an environmental problem due to their ash particle content. When incinerated, a residual quantity of about 18% ash remains.
Where gas is produced from husks, industrial water is used for gas scrubbing to separate tar and dust, and also as cooling water for the gas reactor. This wastewater contains up to 1.6 mg/l phenol. The ash produced by husk pyrolysis must also be disposed of.
All residues from husk burning in the ash disposal section of steam power plants should be collected in its dry form; after cooling and intermediate storage, the ash can be reused by agriculture and industry. Fly ash in the chimney must be separated by scrubbing with dust separators before it enters the waste gas chimney.
Wastewater from gas generators may only be released once it has been neutralised and freed from solids. Venturi scrubbers and biological plant tanks must be used for tar separation.
Even at the planning stage of these power plants, ash disposal, flue gas emission and wastewater disposal must be considered in the light of parallel municipal development.
2.6 Further processing of cleaning waste and mill afterproducts
Normally waste from mills handling cereal crops is immediately milled in hammer mills and then, together with mill afterproducts, supplied to the animal feed industry. Other mill afterproducts are bran and low-grade flour, and from the hulling mill, hull bran.
This industry, often regarded as a secondary operation in mills, produces fodder concentrate for livestock farming, which contains protein, carbohydrate, fats, mineral substances and vitamins as its main blending components.
2.7 Dust disposal
Dust requiring disposal is produced only in the goods inward sections of agricultural trade establishments and cooperatives. This dust actually consists of sandy impurities which are separated when the commodities enter the preliminary cleaning plant, and can, for example, be returned to the supplier.
Large quantities of service air are used for transport, separating processes, heat discharge and aspiration in flour and hulling mills where the process technologies comprise milling and sifting techniques and abrasive and centrifugal hulling. This dust-laden air must be treated, making dust removal from air a priority concern.
Furthermore, the noise produced in such installations must of course also be given due consideration.
When planning mill projects, the various national limits must be taken into account at the design stage; if there are no adequate legal provisions, international standards must be applied. The provisions and limits applicable in Germany are quoted below by way of example.
The following legal standards and technical regulations are valid in the Federal Republic of Germany for the area under consideration:
· Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz, Neuauflage (New Edition) 1990
· VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft, Band 6;
VDI 2264, VDI 2263
· Arbeitsbler der Abwassertechnischen Vereinigung (ATV), November 1980 Issue
· Biologische Bundesanstalt fd- und Forstwirtschaft
Almost all afterproducts from flour and hulling mills can be recycled in the animal feed industry, are potential sources of energy or can be used as raw products or auxiliary materials in subsequent processing industries (oil mills and breweries, steel industry and foundries).
Emission values for local environmental protection in Germany are those specified in the TA-L (Technical Instructions on Noise Abatement). The guideline of the German Association of Engineers no. 2058 requires noise protection at the workplace, with the issue of personal hearing protection from 85 dB(A) upwards, and the wearing of this protective gear from 90 dB(A). These workplaces should be labelled and compliance with safety measures monitored.
Noise level and air quality measurements in the flour milling industry provide information about environmental impact and the safety measures required to be taken.
Table 2 - Noise levels in mills handling cereal crops
Machine/part of building
Noise level dBA
Separator floor Sifter floor Roller floor Hulling machines Compressors High-pressure ventilators
105 100 105 108 95 100
1000 to 2000 800 to 1200 1500 to 1800 1800 2000 2500
This data shows that not only external noise emissions, but also workplace conditions inside the plant need to be dealt with by effective safety measures22).
22) such as machine enclosures and the wearing of hearing protection.
The Compendium of Environmental Standards provides information on assessment with regard to individual substances.
Where combustible substances are used for drying, only those with a maximum sulphur content of 1.0% are permissible.
Mills handling cereal crops perform numerous additional activities upstream and downstream, for example plant production, transport, and the handling and use of products obtained, e.g. as food. There are therefore a number of connections with other sectors; these are indicated in the text by reference to the relevant environmental briefs.
Afterproducts resulting from the process or raw materials used, which are in almost all cases used as fodder concentrate components, are produced in flour and hulling mills and in the associated drying and seed cleaning plants which process cereal and tropical grains into food for human consumption. In contrast, rice mills give rise to environmental pollution from the recycling of the husks (steam production).
Dust, which is an ever-present combustible, is a health hazard, potential source of ignition and a danger in the storage and milling industry. Precautions are taken in the form of constant maintenance and monitoring of extractor plants, dust accumulation, with temperature and humidity adjustment as associated preventive measures; personnel must be suitably be trained for this.
The emission guide values applicable for local environmental protection with regard to noise, insofar as they concern the area of production, are binding on the industry and must be observed by measures such as providing safe distances or soundproofing. Inside stores and mill buildings, the noise level is a serious problem for the employees. In the light of all we know about the long-term effects on hearing, due account must be taken of noise protection requirements at the workplace. Personal hearing protection must be issued and its use monitored.
The use of insecticides and pesticides for pest control purposes and seed disinfestation also presents problems since the substances used are highly toxic and health problems can be caused through their uncontrolled use and circulation. Only specially trained personnel using the correct equipment should be employed in these operations.
A certain amount of experience has been acquired in the field of the degradation of organic substances in process water with the help of fermenters, but a degradation tank is recommended where the wastewater is heavily polluted.
Modern mills do not give rise to substantial emissions and residues which pollute wastewater and dumps. Industrial water is only used for conditioning purposes in mills handling cereal crops and is absorbed by the grain. Mill installations with washing plants have to meet minimum requirements for the disposal of organically loaded wastewater. The same applies to industrial wastewater from bulgur or parboiled rice production.
Abwassertechnische Vereinigung (ATV), Arbeitsblatt A 115, 1980; Hinweise f Einleiten von Abwasser in eine ntliche Abwasseranlage.
Ammermann, K: Ausr von textilen Filtermedien zur Staubabscheidung.
Bartknecht, W: Staubexplosionen (1987), Springer-Verlag.
Berufsgenossenschaft Nahrungsmittel und Gaststen: Staubexplosionen, Mack & Metz GmbH, 68 Mannheim.
Biologische Bundesanstalt fd- und Forstwirtschaft (German Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry): Pflanzenschutzmittelverzeichnis 1990, Teil 1, 36. Auflage 1990; 6.1 Saatgutbehandlungsmittel, Teil 5, 37. Auflage 1989/90; Vorratsschutz.
DSE (German Foundation for International Development): Mchkeiten, Grenzen und Alternativen des Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatzes in Entwicklungslern (1987).
DSE (German Foundation for International Development); Zeitschrift: "entwicklung und llicher raum" (1988).
Erste Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz (Technische Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft - TA-Luft), 1986.
FAO: Rice parboiling, Bulletin 56, 1984.
FAO: Rice-husk conversion to energy.
Gerecke, K-H: Vademecum, Teil I - IV (1986), Technische Werte der Getreideverarbeitung und Futtermitteltechnik, Verlag Moritz Schr, Detmold.
GTZ: Aus Abfallbergen Strom f Energieversorgung.
Heiss, Rudolf: Lebensmitteltechnologie (1990), Springer-Verlag.
Ler, F: Staubabscheiden (1988), Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart.
Luh, B S: Rice production and utilization (1980), AVI-Publishing Company, Inc., USA.
Mer, W: Verminderung des Energiebedarfs und Reduzierung der Staubemission bei Trocknungsanlagen.
Pomeranz, Y: Modern Cereal Science and Technology (1987), VGH-Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim.
Rohner, A W: Maschinenkunde fler (1986), Versandbuchhandlung DIE MLE, Detmold.
Schr, Flechsig: Das Getreide. 5. Auflage (1986), Verlag Moritz Schr, Detmold.
Technische Anleitung zum Schutz gegen L - TA-L, 1986.
VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft, Band 6
VDI-3677, Filternde Abscheider
VDI-3679, Narbeitende Abscheider
VDI-2263, Staubbre, Staubexplosionen
VDI-3673, Druckentlastung von Staubexplosionen
VDI-2057, Einwirkungen von mechanischen Schwingungen auf den Menschen
VDI-2711, Schallschutz durch Kapselung.


AZ´s European campaign ends in ValenciaPublished on 05 april 12, 00:00
Seven seasons ago, AZ claimed a 2-1 win over Villarreal and booked a place in the semi-finals following a 1-1 draw at home in the second leg. At the time, there was an electric atmosphere in the packed stadium in Villareal, and the 35000 crowd at Estado Mestalla also vociferously cheered their favourite team on Thursday night, but this time the outcome was less successful for AZ.
AZ had again survived the first fifteen minutes in a European game before Adil Rami struck twice in as many minutes. The defender, left unmarked, first headed home from a corner in the 15th minute, and doubled
Adam Maher threatened with a fine volley, but other than that AZ had little to offer. Esteban made a save to prevent Soldado from making it three before the break. The home side did take a three-goal lead in the second half. Jonas fired on target but Dirk Marcellis blocked his shot on the line. The ball fell to Soldado and Jordi Alba somehow tapped home his cross from the right after 56 minutes: 3-0. AZ failed to reduce the deficit as Maarten Martens and substitute Charlison Benschop only sent weak efforts straight at the keeper.
Ten minutes before the final whistle substitute Pablo Hernández netted the fourth goal of the night for the number 3 of the Spanish league, as AZ´s European campaign came to an end. AZ will put the result behind them and focus on the domestic league. Their next assignment sees them host FC Twente on Wednesday, April 11.
Verbeek: Never had a chance
We never had a chance to pull off a good result, admitted Gertjan Verbeek at the post-match conference. We knew we had to be at our best to get a result but we failed to meet expectations. We gave our all but
AZ line-up: Esteban; Dirk Marcellis, Niklas Moisander, Nick Viergever, Simon Poulsen; Adam Maher, Rasmus Elm, Maarten Martens, Roy Beerens (79. Erik Falkenburg), Jozy Altidore (68. Charlison Benschop), Brett Holman (46. Johann Berg Gudmundsson).
Goals: 15. Rami 1-0, 17. Rami 2-0, 56. Alba 3-0, 80. Hernández 4-0.
Booked: T. Costa, Barragán (
Referee: Pavel Královec (


If you're overseeing a smaller business that needs a
Meraki made a big splash a few years back by introducing the world's most robust mesh-based networking system, combined with absolutely unprecedented ease-of-use for first-time sysadmins. Since then, they haven't been resting. Every year, they bring out new and better appliances that fit into their overall ecosystem, while delivering more powerful options for businesses of all sizes.
The MX68 series demonstrates this. Even the basic model is an excellent small business firewall, and the more advanced models have some very interesting and useful new features. Let's take a look.
So, at heart, the MX68 is a clear evolutionary step forward in Meraki's small business firewalls. It features a stateful inspection firewall with a 450Mbps transfer rate, in a tiny desk-friendly form factor, and includes two separate PoE-powered Ethernet ports for directly attaching PoE devices. Being intended for small operations, it's designed for 50 users or less.
Their previous small business firewalls, the MX64 and MX65, only had transfer speeds of 250Mbps, so this is a major step up.
Like all Meraki products, it works seamlessly with all other Meraki products. It can function as a firewall for any and all other Meraki units attached, including both physical switches as well as WiFi access points. Even the basic model would be an excellent upgrade for operations that want a faster/stronger firewall.
However, things get more interesting in the advanced models.
The MX68W takes the basic firewall
Finally, there's the MX68CW, which includes a new feature only seen on the latest generation of Meraki firewalls: an integrated SIM slot. The MX68CW has direct failover capabilities, with no other hardware needed. If your primary Internet service cuts out, it can instantly switch over to using 3G or 4G cellular internet, using the internal SIM card.
The other two MX68 models include failover support, but only via USB and requiring an attached device. The MC68CW is genuinely all-in-one, a combined firewall and WiFi access point that may never go offline.
If It's Time For A New Firewall, Think Meraki
Meraki is one of the more expensive brands, but it brings a lot of additional features that make it worth the money. A fully licensed Meraki unit has lifetime technical and hardware replacement support, as well as being part of the easiest-to-use ecosystem in modern business networking. Plus, when a small business can get everything they need for secure business connectivity in a single desktop unit, that's worth a lot by itself.
Meraki has options suitable for businesses of all sizes, even startups


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Bristol-based maritime engineering start-up WingTek, in collaboration with the National Composites Centre and the University of Bristol, has won a £2.2m innovation grant. Awarded under the UK Department for Transport Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition, the funding from Innovate UK is to develop further the WingTek Wingsail, a unique Wind Auxiliary Propulsion (WAP) system designed to be retrofitted easily to existing commercial vessels.
Wind Auxiliary Propulsion is a technology that complements existing ship propulsion systems; primarily the marine diesel engines burning fossil fuels which power vessels of all types across the global fleet. WAP enables significant reductions in fuel use and therefore harmful emissions from these ships.
Neil Richards, WingTek Managing Director, said: “WingTek’s innovative Wind Auxiliary Propulsion system has received a significant boost thanks to the help and support of Innovate UK leading to this grant. We are delighted to be working with a fantastic set of project partners at the University of Bristol and the National Composites Centre and we are now well supported to fast-track the development on the route to commercial production.”
The project will deliver two full-size operational prototypes, one on-shore for long-term testing and development and a second unit installed on a commercial UK vessel for sea-trials, with the project scheduled to complete by March 2025.
A hybrid energy solution for international shipping
“Think of this as a renewable energy fuel saver for commercial ships,” explained Neil. “Wind is free and available across the planet and can be harnessed by the world’s existing shipping fleets to reduce its consumption of fossil fuels.”
There are around 55,000 commercial ships in excess of 5,000 tonnes worldwide, burning an estimated 250 million tonnes of fossil fuels annually.
Harnessing windpower to reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Neil added: “Any reduction in this colossal fuel consumption has immediate benefits. The commercial and environmental value of adding WingTek Wingsails is evident – on routes such as the North Atlantic and the North Sea, the savings can be substantial and rise significantly when used in conjunction with weather routing.”
“We can save ship operators fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions, whether the ship has a traditional engine burning fossil fuels or one burning newer, but more expensive, clean alternatives. Our wind propulsion systems can be retrofitted to existing vessels, designed into new-builds, and easily removed when decommissioned or re-installed on another vessel in the fleet,” continued Neil.
Reducing pressures on ship operators
WingTek Chairman, Roger Francis, said: “We started with a sea-proven design with a long pedigree which we’ve refined and developed based on our own direct maritime operational experience. The result is a resilient solution developed using state of the art tools, materials and control technologies.”
“Fleet operators are under pressure to reduce their carbon emissions and operating costs by reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The WingTek Wingsail system provides a practical and workable solution for both vessel owners and charter operators”.
InnovateUK supports Net Zero for maritime operators
InnovateUK has awarded the “Wings for Ships” project led by WingTek Ltd a grant of £2.2m under the UK Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition Round 3 (CMDC3), for wind-assisted ship propulsion development aimed at helping the shipping industry reach Net Zero by 2050.
Under the grant, project partners The University of Bristol (UoB) and Bristol-based National Composites Centre (NCC) will work with WingTek to deliver two prototype wingsails for the project.
The NCC and University of Bristol bring research expertise to the project
The National Composites Centre will contribute its knowledge and expertise in composite design and structural analysis in the development of the two demonstration prototypes.
James Graham, Chief Engineer for Surface Transport at the NCC, said: “The CMDC3 award is an example of how the National Composites Centre is well positioned to support the marine sector realise their Net Zero ambitions. With expertise ranging from digital engineering to state-of-the-art end-of-life solutions, we are on board with support to accelerate the design, manufacture, and operation of UK-made clean maritime technologies.”
The University of Bristol will provide their expertise in 2D and 3D computational fluid modelling of aerodynamics, wind tunnel facilities for physical model testing and energy system modelling.
Professor Ann Gaitonde from University of Bristol’s School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, said: “We are excited to be part of the WingTek Wings for Ships project. The WingTek Wind Assisted Propulsion technology being developed has the opportunity both to transform the emissions from shipping and allow straightforward adoption by the commercial fleet.”

domain: news


First Album Released: 1995
Last Album Released: 2012
Popular 90's Song: they don't know
Jon B., born Jonathan David Buck is an American R&B singer and songwriter.
On May, 23 1995, his debut album, Bonafide, was released by Yab Yum/Sony 550/Epic Records. The album contained the top ten hit "Someone To Love," a duet with Babyface that gained wide exposure on the Bad Boys soundtrack, peaking at #10 on the U.S. charts. The Grammy-nominated track highlighted his dulcet tenor voice and garnered Jon comparisons to Babyface himself.


POSTED: 1:03 p.m. HST, Aug 4, 2011
The holding company for Territorial Savings Bank said today it boosted its earnings 4.6 percent in the second quarter to $3.4 million, or 30 cents a share, from $3.2 million, or 29 cents a share, a year earlier.
"Our core earnings for the second quarter remain solid,” Chairman and CEO Allan Kitagawa said. “We continue to make quality mortgage loans and maintain a favorable net interest margin in a tough economic environment.”
Territorial Bancorp Inc.'s board also maintained its dividend at 9 cents a share. It will be payable Sept. 1 to stockholders of record as of Aug. 18.
Territorial’s stock fell 36 cents today to $20.60 before the earnings were announced after the market closed.


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Jharkhand High Court Assistant Syllabus
High Court of Jharkhand recently uploaded the Jharkhand High Court Assistant Syllabus and Exam Pattern on its official website www.jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in. Candidates those who are looking for JHC Assistant Exam Pattern and Syllabus can download it from below-given links. And also, collect the Jharkhand High Court Asst Previous Papers it helps you to get details about the model of questions asked in the exam. Along with the Jharkhand HC Clerk Syllabus pdf, you can also get the Exam Pattern. Read all the info provided here for having complete knowledge regarding Jharkhand HC Clerk Exam Pattern.
JHC Assistant Exam Pattern
Jharkhand High Court came into existence after the reorganization of the Bihar State. Jharkhand High Court (JHC) is located at Patna. This high court is an expert in solving the many civil & legal cases in the state Jharkhand. Jharkhand HC was established in the year 2000. It was founded by Act no. 57 of 2000. Recently it has published the notification using this Advt No. 01/Accts./2018 and uploaded on its official web portal www.jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in. Here nearly various Assistant/Clerk posts. Assistant Jobs are for Judicial Academy& High Court and Assistant/Clerk for Civil Courts & Family Courts. Job hunters lookout for Latest Govt Jobs in Jharkhand had applied for this recruitment. The officials have issued the Jharkhand High Court Assistant Syllabus to give info for the participants of the exam. Applicants have to start preparing for the exam as per the given JHC Assistant Exam Pattern. It helps them to achieve better marks in the exam. Aspirants have to cover all the topics of the Syllabus to score maximum marks in the written exam. Jharkhand HC Clerk Syllabus pdf has to be downloaded by every applicant to prepare for the exam by visiting the official website www.jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in.
Jharkhand HC Clerk Syllabus pdf
Name of the organization: High Court of Jharkhand, Ranchi
Official website: www.jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in
Name of the posts: Assistant/Clerk posts
No. of vacancies: Update Soon
Job Location: Jharkhand
Job Category: Govt Job
Jharkhand High Court Asst Previous Papers
Now Jharkhand High Court Asst Previous Papers are available here. The model papers will help you all contenders to get the knowledge about the questions asked in previous years. With the assistance of these solved papers, you can assume what type of questions asked in the Assistant/Clerk Exam conducted by the High Court of Jharkhand. Download the sample papers pdf attached below. We hope these papers help you for exam preparation. Go through the below-given links to download the Jharkhand High Court Assistant Syllabus and Exam pattern along with Previous Papers. The written test will be Multiple Choices Questions (MCQs) or objective type. There is no negative marking for the wrong answers. There will be four sections. The minimum qualifying marks for all categories uploaded on its official website www.jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in as soon as. The applicants who are searching for Jharkhand High Court Assistant Syllabus get detailed from here. Note down the Jharkhand HC Clerk Exam Pattern and start preparation for test accordingly.
Later we will update Jharkhand High Court Assistant admit card, exam dates, solution key, result, etc. We will continuously update the info of govt jobs, software jobs, and private jobs notifications. Stay tuned to our site igovernmentjobs.com and gets more updates

domain: law


Our solutions combine energy efficiency and technological progress to make buildings smarter and more sustainable and efficient.
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Taking a bus from Singapore to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is easy and a cheaper alternative to air travel. Air fare was a bit high so we scratch off that option and took the bus instead.
Before booking, I thoroughly read reviews from previous travelers who took the bus to see which is the best operator to transact with. I’ve read quite a number of bad reviews for Qistna, Seasons Express, Five Stars Express, and Billion Stars Express so we were left with Transtar Express and Causeway Link Express.
I wanted to take Causeway Link Express because all reviews were good, but their evening trip is only at 7:00PM for March 31. We need to take a bus which leaves Singapore past 11:00PM so we took TranStar Express instead. Most reviews for TranStar are also positive, it was a relief that they do have buses departing from SG every hour. We booked the transport online via busonlineticket. The online transaction was easy, fast, and safe. 🙂
Majority of bus companies operate from the lot in front of a large shopping compound known as the Golden Mile Complex – this is also a deciding factor since the complex is only 10-15 minutes walk from Arab St.
Things to note when taking the bus:
- Need to check-in at the operator office 30 minutes prior to departure to confirm seats and to check where the terminal is as there are two different terminals within the complex – one is the Golden Mile Complex itself, the other is in the Golden Mile Tower (one building away from the complex).
- Besides booking online, travelers may also buy tickets at one of the bus counters in the complex as there are a string of bus operator offices in front and inside the shopping compound.
- If you go hungry, there are hawker stalls in L1 of Golden Mile Tower, or you can cross the street towards Golden Mile Food Centre for a more varied choice of local food.
BUS TICKET PRICES
Ticket prices vary widely between bus companies which also corresponds to the level of luxury you are paying for. They come for as low as SGD18 (longer travel time + not so okay reviews for the bus) and as high as SGD69 (with personal LCD entertainment system, wifi, and sockets). We were on a budget but would not compromise comfort over anything else, so we opted to go for what’s on the mid-range and got our tickets from TranStar Express for SGD31 each.
TRAVEL TIME AND IMMIGRATION BOO-BOOS
It’s a two-hour travel from Golden Mile Complex up to the border where our passports were stamped out from Singapore. It took us an hour on the queue, thanks to an Immigration Officer whose workstation crashed and didn’t know what to do than to stare at her computer and not ask for help right away – even if the line was sooooo long already. Juskolord talaga si ate! Ni hindi man lang mag-sorry sa mga tao at i-explain ang nangyayari. We were worried that the bus might leave us if we were the only ones not aboard (there were stories like that with the other bus companies), but yeah, thanks to TranStar for not leaving passengers behind. 🙂 The bus stopped 5 minutes away from Singapore Immigration Office and we were told we are in Malaysian border already and to take our luggages with us. We then queued again for almost half an hour, passports were stamped in, and another 45 minutes to have our luggages checked.
After our almost two hours in the immigration office, it was another four hours from Malaysian border to Berjaya Times Square, Kuala Lumpur City Center. We arrived at Berjaya Times Square around 7:00AM the next day. Eight hours on the road, y’all!
KUALA LUMPUR CITY
We didn’t do much on our stay in KL since we were so tired from the bus trip and the last three days we spent in Singapore so we decided we’ll just chill (read: SLEEP whole day) and go Batu Caves and KLCC in the afternoon. We stayed at Sri Puteri Condominium – booked via AirBnB – it was a huge room with three bedrooms (one bedroom was assigned for all five of us), with an overlooking view of the city. It was much like Manila, but not quite.
Located in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, Batu Caves is a limestone hill that has a series of caves and cave temples. It is one of the most popular Hindu shrines outside India dedicated to Lord Murugan and is the focal point of Hindu festival of Thaipusam in Malaysia.
How we got to Batu Caves:
From Cheras LRT station, we took RapidKL going to Sentul Timur and alighted at Bandaraya (6th stop), then took KTM Komuter going straight to Batu Caves.
KUALA LUMPUR CITY CENTER
From Batu Caves, we took the same line going back to Bandaraya, then took RapidKL going to Masjid Jamek interchange, then KLCC. Their train system was very easy to navigate. 🙂
Before taking pictures with the buildings, we dined at Dome Cafe at Suria KLCC. We were starving that time and didn’t have the energy to go around the mall to see what other restaurants are there. It was a good dining experience, plus we chatted a bit with some Filipino crew of the restaurant (there were actually ten of them!).
PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS
The Malaysia experience wouldn’t be complete without taking a trip to the iconic twin towers, the country’s identifying landmark since its opening in 1999. The towers were designed by Argentine architect Cesar Pelli – choosing a distinctive postmodern style to create a 21st-century icon for Kuala Lumpur.
The construction of the superstructure commenced on 1 April 1994. The spires of Tower 1 and Tower 2 were completed on 1 March 1996, and the building was officially opened by the Prime Minister of Malaysia’s Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad on 1 August 1999.
After dinner and picture taking at the Petronas Twin Towers, we headed back to Sri Puteri Condominium. It was a strategic place to stay at since it’s only a few minutes away from Cheras LRT station.
There’s a 7-Eleven store near Cheras Station so we decided to just buy bread and noodles to save so we can splurge on our lunch meal and possible expensive train ride going to KLIA 2.
The next day, we prepped our things and headed out around 12NN to get lunch and go directly to the airport. We thought KLIA Express was too expensive to take at RM55 each (PHP660) so we decided we might as well just put the extra money to buy souvenirs and took GrabCar instead. It was a good call because we had RM50 per person extra money! Wooohoooo!!!!
We took the train from Cheras to TBS (Bandar Tasik Selatan) and from there, GrabCar ride was about an hour to KLIA 2. It was a very smooth one hour ride and the driver was friendly with us. We stayed at KLIA 2 until our 6:30PM departure, bought some souvenirs, and napped. 🙂
TOTAL EXPENSE FOR FIVE PEOPLE
That’s it for our less than-48-hours stay in Kuala Lumpur. We will be back for sure since we were not able to really explore the city.

domain: geography


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When the recommended pvc granule is much more spherical than cylindrical, the very best option is surely an under water warm-experience cutter. With a potential cover anything from from about 20 lb/hr to several loads/hr, this system is applicable to all materials with thermoplastic habits. Functioning, the polymer dissolve is split right into a band of strands that stream through an annular perish in to a reducing holding chamber flooded with procedure h2o. A revolving slicing head in the water stream reductions the polymer strands into pellets, that happen to be immediately communicated out of your reducing chamber. The pellets are sent as being a slurry to the centrifugal dryer, in which they may be divided from h2o with the impact of revolving paddles. The dry pellets are released and delivered for following digesting. Water is filtered, tempered, and recirculated straight back to the procedure.
The key aspects of the device-decreasing mind with cutting holding chamber, expire dish, and commence-up valve, all on the frequent helping body-are certainly one major assembly. All of the other system factors, such as method-h2o circuit with sidestep, slicing chamber release, vision glass, centrifugal clothes dryer, buckle filtering, drinking water pump motor, warmth exchanger, and carry program could be determined from a extensive selection of components and combined in a job-particular process.
In every under water pelletizing process, a delicate temp harmony is present inside the decreasing holding chamber and perish plate. The expire plate is equally continuously cooled through the process normal water and heated by perish-mind heaters along with the popular dissolve flow. Decreasing the electricity reduction in the expire dish for the procedure drinking water produces a far more dependable handling problem and improved item quality. To be able to reduce this warmth loss, the processor chip may choose a thermally insulation pass away plate or change to a substance-warmed perish.
Several materials are quite harsh, leading to important damage on speak to components like the rotating rotor blades and filtering screens in the centrifugal clothes dryer. Other substances might be sensitive to technical affect and produce too much dirt. For the two of these specific resources, a brand new kind of pellet dryer deposit the wet pellets on the perforated conveyor buckle that trips over an aura knife, successfully suctioning off the normal water. Wear of equipment components in addition to problems for the pellets can be reduced in comparison with an effect dryer. Given the simple house time in the buckle, some sort of article-dewatering drying (such as by using a fluidized your bed) or additional cooling is normally necessary. Great things about this new non-affect pellet-drying remedy are:
•Lower creation expenses due to extended life of most elements getting into connection with pellets.
•Gentle pellet handling, which makes certain higher product or service top quality and fewer dust particles generation.
•Reduced power intake because no extra power supply is essential.
Another pelletizing operations are quite unusual within the compounding industry. The simplest and lowest priced way of decreasing plastics to a suitable size for additional digesting might be a simple grinding operation. Nonetheless, the finished particle size and shape are exceedingly inconsistent. Some important product or service attributes may also suffer negative impact: The volume denseness will significantly decrease along with the cost-free-movement properties from the mass can be lousy. That’s why such materials are only acceptable for substandard apps and should be promoted at quite affordable.
Dicing was a standard dimensions-reduction approach considering that the early 20th Century. The significance of this procedure has progressively lowered for nearly 3 decades and at present will make a minimal donation to the current pellet market segments.
Under water strand pelletizing is really a sophisticated intelligent approach. But this technique of manufacturing can be used generally in many virgin polymer creation, like for polyesters, nylons, and styrenic polymers, and contains no common program in today’s compounding.
Air flow-cooled pass away-encounter pelletizing can be a process suitable just for no-sticky products, particularly Pvc material. But this product is more commonly compounded in set mixers with cooling and heating and dismissed as dried up-mixes. Only negligible quantities of Pvc material compounds are transformed into pellets.
H2o-engagement ring pelletizing is additionally an automated functioning. But it is also perfect just for significantly less tacky components and locates its main application in polyolefin trying to recycle and in some small apps in compounding.
Choosing the right pelletizing method requires factor of more than pellet form and throughput amount. For instance, rigid pvc compound and left over moisture content are inversely proportional; that is, the larger the product or service temperature, the lower the left over dampness. Some materials, like many types of TPE, are sticky, especially at heightened conditions. This result can be assessed by keeping track of the agglomerates-twins and multiples-in a bulk of pellets.
Within an under water pelletizing method such agglomerates of sticky pellets may be produced by two ways. First, right after the reduce, the top heat from the pellet is merely about 50° F on top of the approach temperature of water, while the core in the pellet continues to be molten, and the average pellet temp is only 35° to 40° F underneath the dissolve heat. If two pellets come into speak to, they deform a little, building a speak to work surface in between the pellets which may be free from pvpcule normal water. In this speak to region, the solidified skin will remelt immediately because of heating sent from the molten primary, and the pellets will fuse to each other.
Second, right after discharge from the pellets from your clothes dryer, the pellets’ surface area temp increases because of temperature move from the key for the area. If delicate TPE pellets are stored in a box, the pellets can deform, comfortable speak to surfaces among individual pellets turn out to be larger, and adhesion boosts, top once more to agglomerates. This occurrence might be increased with smaller sized pellet size-e.g., small-pellets-considering that the rate of surface area to quantity boosts with more compact diameter.
Pellet agglomeration may be lessened by having some wax-like compound on the procedure h2o or by powdering the pellet surfaces right after the pellet clothes dryer.
Undertaking several pelletizing check works at steady throughput level will provide you with an idea of the utmost functional transparent pvc compound temperatures for your fabric type and pellet dimensions. Anything over that heat will raise the volume of agglomerates, and anything listed below that temperatures improves recurring dampness.
In a few situations, the pelletizing functioning might be expendable. This is correct only in applications where by virgin polymers might be modified directly to done products-immediate extrusion of PET sheet from your polymer reactor, by way of example. If compounding of chemicals and other components contributes true importance, nonetheless, primary conversion is not feasible. If pelletizing is important, it is always wise to know the options.

domain: chemistry


text: 108 страниц. 2013 год. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing This book was focused on creating awareness among the rural women in Cochin, Kerala about the role and importance of early intervention in identifying and treating disabilities. The study studied their level of awareness on the issue and then educated them based on a module which was prepared by the investigator after which their knowledge was reassessed. Early intervention which is the need of the hour was stressed among the target group.

domain: library


text:
Are you in the market for new ways to enhance your health and wellness? If so, learning about Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) products is the right way to begin.
HHC is a relatively new but popular compound in the cannabis industry. It has become increasingly popular in the health and wellness community. HHC offers a range of benefits for those looking to improve their overall well-being, from promoting relaxation and stress relief to aiding in recovery after physical activity.
In this blog, we explore the benefits of HHC products for your health and wellness and what you stand to experience.
What Is Hexahydrocannabinol?
HHC is a cannabinoid that is comparable to Delta-9 THC. However, HHC differs from THC in its chemical structure, which results in a different psychoactive effect on the body.
HHC is believed to have a milder psychoactive effect, which means it may be a suitable option for people who are sensitive to THC’s strong effects.
What Are the Benefits of Hexahydrocannabinol?
While research on HHC is not very extensive, early studies claim that it has many health benefits. For example, HHC is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties. Other possible benefits include:
- Pain relief: HHC may have anti-inflammatory properties that can help relieve physical pain and inflammation. This may make it a useful option for people who suffer from severe pain conditions like arthritis.
- Anxiety reduction: HHC has anxiolytic properties that can help promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. This may make it a useful option for people who suffer from anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or social anxiety disorder.
- Mild psychoactive effects: HHC is believed to have a milder psychoactive effect than THC, which means it may be a suitable option for people who are sensitive to THC’s strong effects. This may make it a useful option for those who wish to explore the good side of hemp without feeling overly intoxicated.
- Potential therapeutic effects: While research on HHC is still limited, some studies suggest that it may have therapeutic potential for a variety of conditions, including cancer, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Some Hexahydrocannabinol Products
HHC is still a relatively new compound, and as such, there are only a limited number of products that contain it. However, Premium Jane, a Scottsdale-based CBD company, has produced HHC products, which include:
- Vape cartridges
- Vape pens
The HHC products Premium Jane are top-quality, backed by a third-party lab test.
Is HHC Detectable in Drug Tests?
One concern that people may have about using HHC products is whether they will show up on a drug test. The answer to this question is not entirely clear, as there is still little research on HHC’s effects on drug tests. However, some experts suggest that HHC may be detectable in drug tests that screen for THC.
This is because HHC is structurally similar to THC, and some drug tests may not be able to distinguish between the two compounds. As such, if you are subject to drug testing, it is essential to be cautious when using HHC products. Also, talk to your employer or healthcare provider about any concerns you may have.
Get the Most Out of Your HHC Product
To get the full benefits out of your HHC products, here are some factors to consider:
- Choose a reputable brand: Look for brands that have a good reputation in the industry and have positive reviews from customers. It is also important to check if the brand’s products have undergone third-party testing for purity and potency.
- Consider the type of product: HHC products can come in various forms, such as edibles, tinctures, and vape cartridges. Consider which product best fits your needs and preferences. For example, if you’re looking for a discreet option, edibles or tinctures may be a good choice, while vape cartridges may be better for quick relief.
- Check the dosage: HHC products can vary in potency. Therefore, it’s advisable to start with a low dose and add to it as needed. Ensure to read the product label and understand the dosage and serving size.
- Consider the other ingredients: HHC products may contain other ingredients besides HHC, such as terpenes or carrier oils. Consider which ingredients are important to you and ensure they are of high quality and safe for consumption.
HHC is a relatively new compound that is gaining popularity in the cannabis industry due to its potential health benefits. Reputable brands like Premium Jane are producing quality HHC products, and you can purchase yours online.
We may receive commissions and other revenues from this article. We are a paid partner of organizations mentioned in this article.

domain: medical


Not sure if anyone else experienced this today, but I had a Microsoft rep call this afternoon to let me know that they were having manufacturing issues with Surface Studio 2. I had pre-ordered right away, and was showing an expected delivery of 10/16 (today), but got the phone call that it was being pushed back to 11/15. He also said they are calling everyone who pre-ordered today to let them know. I’m assuming its a screen issue? Anyway, thought I’d share and ask if anybody else heard anything.


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text:
The historic Marais district located in the heart of Paris is one of the most popular places to vacation in Paris. Its small cobbled streets are rich with a trendy yet traditional population, while the magnificent facades of the 16th and 17th century buildings are strongly enhanced by the designs and colors of the old-time stores. Many of the apartments for rent in this area have period beams adding a certain charm. The Marais stretches from the provocative and colorful Pompidou Center to the Place des Vosges, one of the oldest and most romantic squares in the city. The Carnavalet Museum and the Cognacq Jay Museum are located next to the apartment. The Marais is full of funky bars and cafes, lively markets, irresistible delis and bakeries, fine restaurants, enchanting parks and gardens, and trendy art galleries that guarantee an unforgettable experience in Paris!
Building and orientation:
The apartment is located on the fourth floor of an old, high-standard, carved stone building, directly accessible by elevator. The common areas are well maintained. The apartment has a double orientation. The apartment opens onto an entrance hall that leads to the living room, tastefully decorated with a mix of designer furniture, collectors' items and a family atmosphere. The living room is furnished with a sofa, a dining table and a marble fireplace. The separate kitchen is fully equipped with a refrigerator, stove, oven, microwave and washing machine.
The bedrooms are on the street side and on the courtyard side. The main bedroom is furnished with a 140 cm double bed and a desk, the second bedroom has a 140 cm sofa bed. The apartment has a bathroom with bathtub and separate toilet.
The second bedroom has a sofa bed.
Une division de Voyages Eric Bélanger
2429 rue Guillaume
QC G7S 3X7
Permis du Québec
Tel: +1 514 586-1717
Sans frais: +1 844 586-1717
Book your stay quickly and receive confirmation within 24 hours. A product offered in all travel agencies in Quebec.
The specialist in Quebec in short-term apartment rentals in Paris for travel counsellors.
Doing business with a travel agency licensed by The OPC protects you much more than renting through a private individual on the net.
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