text:
The Cranston Street Armory Reuse Plan is an ongoing process led by the State of Rhode Island and a Steering Committee made up of community members and other stakeholders. The goal of the study is to develop a roadmap for the State to work with private partners to return the historic armory to active use.
The State is currently seeking proposals from businesses and organizations interested in utilizing the Cranston Street Armory. Read the Request For Information here.
Proposals are due Friday, January 25, 2019 at 11am.
For more information contact:
Rhode Island Division of Capital Asset Management and Maintenance
Businesses, developers, and organizations that are interested in becoming the primary occupant of the armory are encouraged to respond to the Request For Information. Proposals are due 01/25/2019.
We also want to hear from community organizations interested in using a smaller amount of space or time in the armory. Let us know what your interests are here!
To learn about the progress of the reuse study so far, read our interim report on the state of the armory here [PDF].
The Cranston Street Armory has been a landmark in Providence for more than a century. How can we bring it back to life? Residents weighed in at a community meeting on September 17, 2018.
Read more in our latest update here [pdf].
Did you know?
Dexter Park was used as a military training ground even before the Cranston Street Armory was built. In the Civil War, the first African-American heavy artillery unit, the 14th Regiment Rhode Island, was trained at the Dexter Training Grounds. In fact, Rhode Island led the charge to allow black men to fight for the Union in the Civil War. This was the continuation of a legacy of African-American military service in Rhode Island, which began with the nation’s first mixed-race military regiment in the Revolutionary War, the 1st Rhode Island Regiment. This regiment participated in the Battle of Yorktown, Virginia, which led to British surrender and the end of the war.
Read more about the 1st Rhode Island Regiment here.

domain: history


kliff wrote:I know this is digging up the past, 6 months back...but whasssup? New rod & crank, how'd she run? How has she lasted, longevity??
Where you buying all those parts?
I could never make the Tillotson HL314G tune in, I could getit close, but never right. I picked up an F200 spec Tillotson carb, and it was slightly better at times, but its a top end carb, it made the engine a pig until about 4000 rpms, then it launched like a rocket...throttle response was weak.
I had it sustained as high as 8200 rpms, for about 45 seconds, long enough to make 1/2 the pipe cherry red, and the inside of the silencer "hold a flame"....motor just gets stronger and stronger.
My plans are to take a step back, and move away from the race type tillotson carbs, and try a 24mm Mikuni slide carb, such as found on dirt bikes.. These are a better all-round carb.
But Im so busy lately, between restoring my old vette, and keeping my old jeep running...Just havent had time to mess with the Karts lately. In fact, I know right now Ive got to drain old gas out of the Invader's gas tank, put on new lines, and clean the carb, before it will even run...its been nearly 1 year since Ive run it.
The Emmick, and its Honda, the carb probably isnt even "workable" at this point, its been sitting so long.


text:
Posters is excessively sumptuous and makes a supreme wall decoration, this dimension isand the price is $0.00. If you're trying to seek out top recommendedPosters with affordable price, this poster is the imposing deals for you.
The framing services ofPosters are available only within the United States. This poster is clean, it's deep and every page is a mini-escape to another powerful diversion. The poster is a glorious poster that sets out the buyers of and the substitute behind a system for area all of the stuff that the poster has on the lists to do. The poster itself is beautiful for the conspicuous price $0.00. You have many options and price classes forPosters or painting you might want to but and a potent search tool. The price for any particular the item will vary depending on some factors. There is a a lot of online following with quiverful resources to support this unit and the practices. This item is a proper resource for students, educators, or conservationists, as well as suitable gifts. For only $0.00 the product would be a low-cost poster, the characteristic is stimulating.Posters has drama, twists, and is not so far out there that it is unrelatable.

domain: artistic


text:
Avaya kicked off its annual conference Avaya Engage 2018 with over 3,000 partners and customers with a focus on digital transformation to explore the future of business communications, customer experience and collaboration technologies.
Representatives from some of the world’s leading companies are gathered to learn about solutions that incorporate artificial intelligence, automate workflows, turn data into insights and shape the connected world.
With a new board of directors, a new management team and significant momentum, the company is building on its leadership positions in Contact Center (CC) and Unified Communications (UC) while increasing investments in technologies that will meet the expanding needs of its customers and drive growth for Avaya and its partners.
“Avaya Engage 2018 comes at the beginning of a new journey for Avaya,” said Jim Chirico president and CEO, Avaya.
“We’re stronger than ever and making the investments necessary to harness powerful technologies like cloud, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things that can change the game for our customers. At the same time, we are renewing our focus on customer and partner collaboration to lead our industry’s digital transformation. We will do this by shaping connections and delivering the experiences our customers expect,” added Chirico.
Avaya is the most trusted name in CC and UC, holding over 6,000 patents, and boasts a team of more than 2,000 engineers driving innovations designed to help customers succeed in their digital transformations. In fact, during fiscal year 2017, the company signed more than 4,000 new customers seeking to leverage the power of Avaya.
“Avaya is the company best equipped to enable customers and partners to stay relevant and build a competitive advantage in our increasingly connected world,” said Laurent Philonenko, senior vice president and general manager, Solutions and Technology, Avaya.
“No one has more innovation expertise than Avaya when it comes to helping our customers leverage new technologies to optimize their contact center, unified communications and collaboration. At the same time, our open platforms and expanding community of technology partners makes it easier than ever to integrate these new innovations and technologies with Avaya solutions,” added Philonenko.
Just as Avaya has successfully transformed from a hardware-centric to a software and services company, the company is accelerating its cloud efforts with a newly formed Cloud business led by industry veteran Mercer Rowe.
Rowe, senior vice president and general manager, Cloud said, “Every product we develop going forward will be developed for the cloud first, and then deployed on customer premises, in the cloud, or in a hybrid environment, delivered by Avaya and our partners. It’s about choice and flexibility, delivering the same great experience with Avaya solutions, and providing a platform for continuous innovation. In the end, it’s about extending trusted relationships with our customers and helping them achieve their business goals.”

domain: news


Secure Logistics through Information Patterns on Cargo
Air cargo chain security is an integral part of air traffic security. Approximately 70% of air cargo is transported in passenger airliners. Air cargo chain security against tampering may not interfere with logistical operations, though.
Expanded Security in the Air Cargo Chain (ESecLog)
The objective of the project ESecLog is to develop a cargo fingerprint information system that inalterably identifies and verifies air cargo. Systematic verification of cargo features at different points in the air cargo chain makes it possible to detect tampering at an early stage.
The cargo fingerprint information system is intended to eliminate repeated and time-consuming inspection of air cargo by x-ray scanning and manual inspections, as long as the features of inspected cargo have not changed in the air cargo chain. Thus, the ESecLog solution will reduce the labor inspection requires and integrate inspection in logistics operations while simultaneously increasing security in the air cargo chain.


text:
Barrington paraprofessionals to consider unionizing
BARRINGTON — Forty-two school district paraprofessionals will vote on Tuesday, Sept. 11 on whether to form a union.
If that vote passes, the School Board will enter into negotiations with them to develop a contract, and then voters will consider approving that contract and any salary increases at town elections in March 2008. If the union and its contract are approved, it will be an affiliate of the National Education Association.
Voting will be held during the day on Sept. 11 on the first floor of the superintendent's office, located on Province Lane.


Have you ever traded a real bear market before?
Well, if you’re currently trading this market, then you have. You can cross that one off your bucket list…
But I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again — I think the overall market’s headed lower this year.
I went into great detail on all of the reasons why I believe this in a recent letter that you can read right here.
Let’s quickly recap a few of my concerns about the current state of the stock market:
- Some of the world’s biggest tech companies are dumping market cap value like penny stocks…
EXAMPLE #1: In early February, Meta Platforms Inc. (NASDAQ: META) lost $250 billion in market value — the biggest single-day wipeout in the history of the stock market.
EXAMPLE #2: At the end of April, Netflix Inc. (NASDAQ: NFLX) reported its first-ever quarter-over-quarter subscriber loss. The stock dumped as much as 35% intraday — the biggest single-day loss in the stock’s history.
- Nearly every current news headline is negative for stocks — 40-year high inflation, the war in Eastern Europe, the Fed hiking interest rates, etc…
Speaking of headlines, I get my news from the StocksToTrade Breaking News Chat, and so should you. See for yourself! Try StocksToTrade today!
Now that your news and charts are in order, look at the big picture. It doesn’t look great, either…
- The bear markets we’ve seen in recent history (e.g. 2000 and 2008) dropped stocks much further than their current levels from peak to trough…
EXAMPLE #1: In 2000, following the blow-off top of the dot-com bubble, the Invesco QQQ Trust (NASDAQ: QQQ) dropped more than 80%.
EXAMPLE #2: In 2008, amid the financial crisis that led to the Great Recession, QQQ dropped more than 50%.
If we’re in for a similar bear market this time around, history tells us that QQQ is probably headed lower than the current drawdown (which stands at 25% at the time of writing).
So…why should you care? Because sleeping on the obvious signals you could cause you to trade in a way that blows your entire account up!
Or, you could ignore the history and miss a massive short opportunity on the overall market. It all depends on how you play it…
With that in mind, let me give you three clutch tips for surviving this ugly bear market…
Tip #1: Buy Puts on Bounces (or Green Days)
Let’s say you’re in a put trade and it’s going well. You’ve hopefully booked profits on the way down as the stock sliced towards your price targets.
This is where a lot of traders pack up and call it a day, but that’s a mistake.
If you simply move on to another chart at this point, you’re potentially leaving money on the table.
This is all especially true in this bear market, where the selling is seemingly unstoppable.
Bottom line: I want you to start seeing bounces and green days as re-entry opportunities for put trades.
Looking back on some of my trades from 2021, a few of my biggest wins came from playing bounces on downtrends (after I’d already locked in some gains).
I could’ve been happy with the initial profits and moved on. But I’m never satisfied.
Example: Last summer, I traded Moderna Inc. (NASDAQ: MRNA) puts four times in a row for nearly $80,000 in profits.
Don’t assume the bear trade is over because one wave has ended. Another is likely coming.
See the bounces for what they are: slam-dunk opportunities to re-load your puts.
By doing so, you could potentially pocket money that other traders are foolishly leaving on the table.
Tip #2: Don’t Go Long Before the First Green Day
Quite frankly, I wouldn’t recommend going long on anything in this bear market…
That said, I understand the mindset around buying calls on some of these days…
After all, the ‘relief rallies’ we see in a downtrend can bring MASSIVE bounce play opportunities.
But you’ve gotta remember that timing is everything.
Buying calls in this market is a dangerous game. If you don’t perfectly nail the timing, you’ll likely get smoked.
In individual stocks, wait for the first green day and adjust your long strategy from there.
For the overall market, I wanna see a first green week before considering any call plays.
My advice? Don’t go long on anything right now. But if you must, do it on (or near) the first green day.
Bottom line: Be patient. Don’t try to be a hero and call the bottom before it forms.
Tip #3: Get In and Out of Your Trades Quickly
With the market whipsawing as it has been, it’s no time to be holding swing trades.
Many dip-buyers fell for the bull trap last Wednesday, only to be annihilated on Thursday in the biggest single-day index drop since early 2020.
My advice? Get in and out of your trades quickly.
This is even more true for options traders. Think about it…
Anyone who bought index calls last Wednesday — and didn’t sell them before the end of the day — got utterly destroyed on Thursday.
Don’t fall for the bull traps. I think there’s a ton of rollercoaster price action left in this wild bear market — be prepared for anything.
If you aren’t nimble and prepared to adjust your mindset based on whatever the market throws at you — you’re setting yourself up for disaster.
Keep your trades short and sweet until the overall volatility subsides.
Bottom line: If you happen to bag a big win in a bear market, the best strategy is to take the money and run.
I know that many of you have probably never traded a bear market before. And you’re probably wondering how exactly you should adjust your strategy.
I hope these clutch tips help you navigate the bear market. They’ve helped me enormously throughout the years, and now I’m a millionaire because of it.
Be nimble, watch for bounces, and don’t try to be a hero.


text:
What’s the Symbolism behind Doctor Manhattan?
Everyone is subconsciously intrigued by Doctor Manhattan because of his outlook on humanity and life as a whole. His poetic speech and “Christ like” personality draw him apart from the other Watchmen Characters. I never read comic books as a child and I saw the film without knowing the plot but immediately I became intrigued by the story and the psychological views of the characters.
For those of you who aren’t familiar with who Dr. Manhattan is I will give you a brief description, he is one of the flawed “superheroes” from the twelve issue comic book limited series “Watchmen” created by Alan Moore, Dave Gibbons and John Higgins.
Dr. Manhattan’s true name is Jon Osterman, Jon meaning “Gift of God” and Osterman, Oster meaning “one who was baptized or born during Easter” to Germans as well as “Sharp” or “Sharp-minded” to the Polish. Therefore he was a “Christ-like, sharp-minded man” (notice the details in his crucified body language).
Jon Osterman’s father was a watchmaker and in the film Jon was being taught how to break apart and re-build a watch, training him to be a “watch man” so to speak, however, following the destruction of Hiroshima by an atom bomb, the elder Osterman decided that his son’s future depended upon his success in the new “atomic age”. Jon attended Princeton University, graduating ten years later with a Ph.D in atomic physics.
While working at a nuclear research center, Jon was accidentally locked into a test chamber two minutes before midnight, trapping him in an “Intrinsic Field Subtractor” in 1959. Looking down at his watch, the time became 12AM and the transformation happened, turning him into a blue-skinned super-powered being and he became a contracted superhero by the United States government, with the special name, “Doctor Manhattan”. In the film he described this moment being, “The last time he felt fear.” He was no longer human, rather a soul and a spiritual being. He is the only character in the story who possesses real superpowers. He can transport on Earth and into the Universe, He can increase in size and number and he is a clairvoyant psychic.
Now Allow Me to Delve into the Symbolism
Color: The Color Blue represents truth, wisdom, heaven, eternity, devotion, tranquility, loyalty and openness. Doctor Manhattan represented everything the color blue depicts. His calm demeanor and God-like expressions through body language and speech reflected this.
Midnight: The number 12 denotes spiritual strength and divine perfection. In my translation to the symbol on his forehead represented the time being midnight. In mythology, symbols and folklore midday and midnight are temporal turning points that have special significance. “You know, Cinderella will turn back into a peasant and her luxurious horse and carriage will turn into fruit.” The esoteric perception of midnight is the time when the spiritual (in contrast to the physical) sun stands at the zenith, midnight therefore, is associated with contemplation, initiation, spiritual knowledge and insight. More interesting is the correlation with the Nuclear War, the main fear in the plot of the Watchmen film. According to the book, “Nuclear Fear: A History of Images” by Spencer Wert, There was the “Clock of Doom”, this clock was featured on the cover of every issue of the “Bulletin Atomic Scientists”. The clock was first appeared in 1947 set as seven minutes to midnight and the editors put it forward to two minutes before midnight in 1953 when the hydrogen bombs arrived. The clock of doom image, ignoring what would happen after the clock struck twelve, had a clear symbolism: Nuclear midnight meant the end of time. For any of you who have saw the film notice how he represented the nuclear bomb, at least that’s what everyone thought. Hope this helps and gave you a better understanding on our mystery man Doctor Manhattan, the Christ Like, Self Sacrificing, Peaceful, Introspective Super Hero.


text:
BUFF® launches new stores in Barcelona with a successful city running event
On Tuesday 17 December, the sports headwear and neck accessory brand BUFF® organised a social running event, where participants had the chance to try out the brand’s new line of neckwarmers, hats and headbands featuring the revolutionary DryFlx® fabric. The route included two of the brand’s newest temporary stores in Barcelona ( the Diagonal Mar and Barcelona Glòries shopping centres) and finished at its new permanent store at L’Illa shopping centre, for a total distance of 7.5 km that participants ran in less than one hour. These three spaces join the brand’s 12 permanent and temporary stores.
Places on the run – which was open to runners from across the entire city – sold out within a few hours of registration opening. All runners received a DryFlx® headband at the starting line and there was also a prize draw for a pack of BUFF® products and entry for one person to the July 2020 edition of the renowned BUFF® EPIC TRAIL race. The DryFlx® headband worn by runners is made from an ultra-light and extremely breathable four-direction elastic fabric, with a seamless design that makes it much more comfortable and convenient. Its 360° reflective print makes it perfect for running at night and in the early morning around the city, guaranteeing maximum visibility for the runner in addition to protection against the cold weather.

domain: sports


text:
In Centesimus Annus, John Paul II developed similar insights, but made specific reference to self-interest. In practical terms, the pope noted, violent suppressing self-interest results in its replacement with burdensome state bureaucracy that slowly drains creativity out of society. To this hard-to-deny historical observation, John Paul added the following insight from Christian anthropology. “Man,” he wrote, “tends towards good, but he is also capable of evil. He can transcend his immediate interest and still remain bound to it. The social order will be all the more stable, the more it takes this fact into account and does not place in opposition personal interest and the interests of society as a whole, but rather seeks ways to bring them into fruitful harmony.”[vii]
The market economy is one way of realizing this harmony, albeit often indirectly. If, for instance, a business fails to produce new or better products at lower prices, it risks disappearing altogether, along with the jobs and capital it creates. Entrepreneurs and businesses consequently have to identify the needs and wants of consumers and then work out how to meet such needs and wants in a faster, less expensive manner. A certain alignment is thus established between a business’s pursuit of its self-interest and other people’s economic wellbeing, without anyone actually intentionally choosing such harmonization as their primary goal. Consumers receive a product at a progressively lower cost while businesses make a profit. This enables commercial enterprises to pay back loans, employ more people, engage in research and development, expand their size, and produce new and better products at often progressively-lower costs which in a competitive environment lowers prices.
None of this means that the pursuit of self-interest in the marketplace is cost-free. Sometimes a business is so successful that its competitors go out of business altogether. A certain degree of disruption (what Joseph Schumpeter famously called “creative destruction) is constant in a market economy. As a result, some people do lose their jobs. Some businesses do go bankrupt. And some people do have to retrain and start all over again.
Some defenders of markets are reluctant to acknowledge that embracing free enterprise, free markets, and liberty does mean trade-offs. Stability, for example, is sacrificed for mobility. Allowing people to pursue their economic self-interest does bring with it with many risks. The resulting wealth does create numerous resources that help literally billions of people to meet their needs, satisfy their wants, and potentially flourish precisely as humans should. Yet, as we will see, the same pursuit brings with it enormous spiritual and moral challenges – challenges that some free marketers deny at the risk of putting in peril the market economy itself.
Self-interest and the Common Good
For all the turmoil caused by markets, the creativity and competition flowing from people’s pursuit of their self-interest in the marketplace contributes in many tangible ways to the common good. People, for example, often move to industries where they receive better pay. Others find themselves working in more personally satisfying occupations, which provide more scope for human flourishing. Much-needed competition is introduced to parts of the economy where some businesses hitherto enjoyed a monopoly. Indeed it is hard to find a better description of free competition’s beneficial effects than in the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church:
Observe here how the Compendium frames these issues as a matter of justice rather than efficiency. In other words, truly competitive markets – as opposed to crony capitalist arrangements – helps deliver to consumers, businesses, and entrepreneurs many of the things they are owed as a matter of right, albeit in often indirect and unintended ways.

domain: finance


text:
Daniel B. Chilcoat
Mustered into service as a Private on July 29th, 1861
Born 11 September 1835
Died 20 July 1887
Buried Fairfield Cemetery, DeKalb County Indiana
Private Chilcoat was discharged early in the war because of disability. On January 11th, 1864 he joined Company F of the 129th Indiana Infantry where he served until his muster out on August 29th, 1865 while at Charlotte North Carolina.
He filed for a pension in December of 1863.


text:
The new single by THROES OF DAWN, titled ‘Lifeline’ is now streaming and can be heard at this location.
“Our Voices Shall Remain” will be realeased by Argonauta Records on August 20th 2016, in a luxury three panels packaging.
Preorders are running here: http://bit.ly/29hf1c2
02 We Used to Speak in Colours
04 The Understanding
05 Our Voices Shall Remain
06 One of Us is Missing
07 The Black Wreath of Mind
An official official teaser of the album can be seen here:
THROES OF DAWN will have the release show on August 20th at DARK BOMBASTIC EVENING in Romania, among bands as Dodheimsgard, In the Woods, Draconian and more.


text:
Mouse pad Stor Gaming Mouse Pad 300x800x2mm Game musmatta halkfri För Bärbar dator PC Desk Mat Keyboard Mat For desk protector (Color : Green):
Gaming Bord Vi bruger cookies på PriceRunner. Published July 8, 2020 at × in Best 3 Green Gaming Desks For You To Choose In 2021 Reviews. Arozzi Arena Where to Buy Amazon eBay Walmart Bulk Orders Take your gaming experience to the next level with this Z-shaped table that serves as a PC gaming desk, Check out E-WIN RGB Gaming Desk before you spend your hard earned dollar on a trash gaming desk. Jul 27, 2020 Long before there were any gaming chairs or gaming desks, you just used an old creaky office chair and whatever put-together computer desk Apr 15, 2020 This list includes 2020's best gaming desk for the prolific gamer and green gamer alike. Browse this list to find the perfect one for you.
- Resiliens latin
- Kivra signering pris
- Isaac sebenius
- Exempel på rörliga utgifter
- Söka saluvagnslicens
- Budget hushall
mars 2020 älskar även dessa idéer. Apple MacMini Battlestation Shoppa, Drömmar, Gamer Rum, Skrivbord, Hus, Växter,. gaming chair with basic green and grey corner desk Hope you enjoy <3. AKRACING Anvil Gamingdesk – Green. AKRacing AK-ANVIL-GN AKRACING Anvil Gamingdesk - Green, AKRacing Gamingtillbehör GearFlicGlorious PC Gaming RaceGunnarHG-computersICY BOXiFixitIRISJonsboKolinkLian Play M8 Gaming - Elite Gaming Desk (140 cm) - Green Edge Both Sides Extended PU Leather Mouse Pad Office Computer Gaming Desk Mat Color: Green+Silver, Blue+Yellow, Grey+Silver, Red+Yellow, Black+Red, NG Carbon Green | 5711802776820 | Nordic Gaming Carbon Gaming Chair, Green | -> Beställ nu på Compu-mail.se.
Improve your gaming experience with the Open World L-Shape LED Gaming Desk. Raised monitor shelf positioned for an ideal viewing height, reduces neck, shoulder and eye fatigue. Expansive L shaped configuration provides substantial room for all your gaming gear. Immerse yourself fully in your gaming experience with Bluetooth RGB LED lights.
Press a button and the Evodesk moves to a favorite position for the ultimate ergonomic gaming posture. The Evodesk smart frame also expands laterally to support any desktop 48-90 inches long. And at full expansion, it’s still strong enough to lift even the most epic gaming setup.
CHECK OUT HERE OUR BESTSELLERS Sale! 24H shipping Ultradesk FORCE € 419.00 € 349.00
gaming chair with basic green and grey corner desk Hope you enjoy <3. AKRACING Anvil Gamingdesk – Green.
Arozzi Arena Gaming Desk - Red finns i kategorin \Gamingtillbehör\Gamingskrivbord. Arozzi är ett av märkena i vår butik och det säljs direkt av Webhallen. Comfort Inn & Suites Rock Springs-Green River ligger i Rock Springs och cable TV with Nintendo gaming system, coffee maker and work desk are included in
2 292,00 kr Gaming / office desk including a mousepad that covers the whole table. cable cutout in the back to minimize cable clutter, all black and green design. Video game memes 658088564282359317 - Online Video Games: “And here pc case mods to make your eyes pop performance psu gaming computer desk.
Arozzi Arena Gaming Desk - Red finns i kategorin \Gamingtillbehör\Gamingskrivbord. Arozzi är ett av märkena i vår butik och det säljs direkt av Webhallen. Comfort Inn & Suites Rock Springs-Green River ligger i Rock Springs och cable TV with Nintendo gaming system, coffee maker and work desk are included in 2 292,00 kr Gaming / office desk including a mousepad that covers the whole table. cable cutout in the back to minimize cable clutter, all black and green design.
Free Shipping on Everything* at Overstock - Your Online Home Office Furniture Store! Get 5% in rewards with Club O!
shipping same day delivery include out of stock Computer Desks Gaming Desks Lap Desks Writing Desks Small Desk (up to 40") Medium Desk (40" – 60") Light Wood Medium Wood Dark Wood Beige Black Blue Bronze Brown Chrome Clear Copper Gold Gray Green Iron Multicolored Orange Pink Purple Red Silver Steel White Yellow Metal Non-Metal Surface Painted
Product Title omputer Desk Workstation Gaming PC Desk Home Office Student Table with Cup & Headphone Holder, Writing Table Average Rating: ( 5.0 ) out of 5 stars 3 ratings , based on 3 reviews Current Price $99.99 $ 99 .
Dog registered name generator
gaming chair with basic green and grey corner desk Hope you enjoy <3.
Corsair HS50 PRO STEREO Gaming Headset ???Green Corsair Gaming HS50 PRO Headset Carbon Arozzi Arena Leggero - Vit Arozzi Arena Leggero Star Trek Edition Svart Arozzi Arena Leggero - Vit Arozzi Arena Gaming Desk White Arozzi Arena Leggero - Vit Jan 10, 2014 - Explore Daniel Mckibbin's board "Desktop Setups" on Pinterest. See more ideas about gaming setup, computer setup, setup. 99 - DF-0082 Bluetooth Spelkontroll Till Sony PS3 , Gaming Handtag Lift the back half of the controller from the front to expose the battery and green circuit board the port in the front of the console and place it face-down on a table or desk.
Akut försämring av kol
- Novalis gymnasiet kalendarium
- En eg
- Ebr edgear
- Skatteverket blanketter personbevis
- 1956 volvo p1900 for sale
- Composite material
Conquer the virtual gaming world with the best Gaming Desks designed with ergonomics and gamers in mind. A gaming desk fit for hardcore gamers and streamers, with space for multi-monitor setups.
Built in storage provide plenty of space for all your gaming components and cable 2020-04-15 · But if you're gaming system is relatively compact, and you don't need to move it around very frequently, the Green Forest L-Shaped Corner Desk will offer an alluring option. Whether you're looking for a multi-use desk or you'd like to have a large surface area for your gaming system, the Green Forest L-Shaped Corner Desk is worth a second look. 2021-03-10 · Gaming desks are often overlooked pieces of furniture but they're the foundation upon which every great gaming setup is built upon. From being a sturdy place to put your gaming PC and gaming The Kinsal Z-Shaped Gaming Desk is another gaming desk that has RGB lights to match a full-fledged RGB setup perfectly. The RGB lights only come in 4 different colors: red, green, purple, blue.

domain: entertainment


Angle-resolved photoemission measurements of the Si 2p core level as a function of polar emission angle were carried out to investigate the atomic populations and depth distributions of Si in various oxidation states for a SiO2 film thermally grown on Si(111). The suboxide states including Si1+, Si2+, and Si3+ exhibit different depth distributions. Despite these differences, the results are consistent with a chemically abrupt interface. A simple model based on the statistical cross-linking of dangling bonds between a bulk-truncated Si and an amorphous SiO2 layer explains our observations.
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||Physical Review Letters|
|State||Published - 1997|


What is an Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor?
Also called an electrolytic capacitor, this capacitor uses liquid electrolyte as the role of cathode and aluminum oxide as dielectric. It features a large capacitance by forming minute unevenness on the surface of aluminum foil through electrochemical treatment to enlarge the surface area.
Super low ESR products, using solid conductive polymers instead of electrolytes, are also widely used. Hybrid capacitors, combining electrolyte and conductive polymers, have also emerged in recent years and aluminum electrolytic capacitors continue to evolve to provide optimal characteristics tailored to the conditions of use.
Although the life of this component is attributed to the evaporation of its electrolyte, its life can be expected to exceed ten years when used under the appropriate temperature conditions.


Enterprises looking to be more ‘intelligent’ in 2020 can implement blockchain technology, intelligent automation and the adoption of RFID.
A connected, “intelligent” enterprise connects the physical with the digital world, increasing productivity, efficiency, growth and innovation. Any industry can benefit from the IoT.
Organisations should not rely entirely on robots but should instead consider how to better support their human workforce.
Current page: 1


text:
About Martin Avenue Pharmacy
For over 40 years, we at Martin Avenue Pharmacy, Inc. have been committed to bringing you the very best professional quality and service. We are a full service, custom compounding pharmacy in Naperville Illinois. Martin Avenue Pharmacy has been able to meet special needs and provide solutions for unique medical problems. An example of this is by offering the art of compounding at our facility. Since some treatments may not be possible with commercially available products, by compounding a certain medication, an alternative method of treatment may be possible. Compounding custom medications and providing individual consultative solutions on Natural Hormone Replacement Therapy is one of the many services Martin Avenue Pharmacy offers to meet patients’ special needs.

domain: medical


text:
Eureka Forbes No Cost EMI & Additional Cashback T&Cs
- Validity: 11th Sept 2020 to 30th Sept 2020.
- Customer has to select Brand EMI under EMI mode of payment under the Credit card option for the customer to get the cashback offer.
- No Cost EMI is on Credit card EMI transactions: Up To 12 Months on All credit cards except SBI credit cards.
- 10% Additional Cashback, Up To Rs. 3000 on ICICI credit & debit card EMI transactions only.
- Additional Cashback is applicable only on selected Water Purifiers only.
- Offer is applicable on selected models only. Offer may differ from one product to another.

domain: economics


Recycling and reusing furniture. A scheme at the Herts County Show, May 2022. Image by Tim Sandle
Finding ways to counter mass consumption and the build-up of waste by aiding those in need and protecting the environment include schemes that encourage people to recycle goods, especially furniture.
Such schemes have been shown to aid the reduction of pockets of relative poverty and they should help to cut down on the weight of materials that end up in landfill sites.
By dropping off or buying items for reuse, people can:
- Stop them going to waste,
- Save the energy needed to recycle them,
- Reduce the natural resources used to create new products.
There are different ways to encourage and promote the recycling philosophy.
One established approach is the Freecycle Network, which is a private, non-profit organization located in the U.S. and also operational in the U.K. and Canada. The organization coordinates a network of “gifting” groups to divert reusable goods from landfills.
In the longer-term, landfills are counterproductive. Landfills can produce objectionable odors and landfill gas can move through soil and collect in nearby buildings. There is also a risk of toxic substances entering the soil and eventually into waterways.
Furthermore, landfills create methane gas, together with the production of carbon dioxide and water vapor, plus trace amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. These gases contribute to global heating.
This takes the form of an online registry, allowing people to offer free items for reuse or recycling. This promotes the so-called ‘gift economy’. Certainly, acts of mutualism and exchange can help foster alternative economic approaches, ones that contrast with the inherent capitalist dynamic where profit inevitably predominates over environmental concerns.
Hence additional benefits of recycling furniture for others to use include:
- Helping families on low incomes to furnish their home.
- Creating new jobs through local furniture shops and reconditioning facilities.
As well as contributing to the protection of the environment by recycling materials.
Other schemes make small charges, to cover costs, although the principles of the 3 R’s (reduce, reuse, recycle) are maintained. The phrase ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle‘ is often used when to open up discussions about ways for citizens to become more environmentally friendly.
Some schemes are run by local authorities, helping to offer goods to low income households. A secondary aim is to encourage the recycling of perfectly serviceable and usable goods, to cut down on waste and landfill.
The image below is of such a scheme run by Hertfordshire County Council in the U.K.
Through the use of these schemes, especially donating old but usable goods, community members can make a contribution – rethink and recover.


text:
I flew into the Gold Coast in glorious weather, staring out at the mountains and inlets, the blue green ocean. I was ready to get some sun on my skin.
When you thrust seven strangers together, there’s no guarantee they’ll get along. Some of us had gotten up at 5:30am, some were feeling poorly, and one—Zacharey Jane—had to do all the organising, driving, and lots of the speaking. But we crowded together in the van and got straight into the D&Ms: about family, writing, past careers and lives. And we met readers.
I spoke with Betty and Joy over scones at the Tweed Library, after Craig Sherborne and Ashley Hay spoke about resilience, chances, objects, history and more. Betty was a librarian in Sydney during the war in the late 1930s. Both Betty and Joy had radiant smiles. I swapped with them my own Nanna’s stories about the American GIs. Betty put on a perfect American accent. They both seemed delighted to be there, mingling with the writers.
We had to drive to Byron and back, to drop cars off and pick items up, and on the way saw the immediate aftermath of a horrible accident. Two cars, badly smashed; ambulance, fire, police, and a long line of cars which we knew we’d have to join heading back. I can’t find it in the news today, which may be a good thing. Hopefully no one was badly hurt. We gasped and shook our heads but none of us looked away.
Ashley and Craig spoke briefly, at Tweed Library, about objects, ‘those little domestic deities in our lives’. In times of crisis, or difficulty, or even anxiousness, some objects can signify ‘care being taken and love being given’, such as a cup of flowers next to a freshly made bed, for a house guest. Zacharey’s The Lifeboat also shows a fascination of the power of objects, and care taken in their choosing and placement. When the castaways are coming to stay with the interpreter, the main character in her novel, she throws away a half bar of soap and replaces it with ‘a soft cream bar’.
The new soap smelt of well-dressed women who didn’t do their own ironing; it came wrapped in white tissue. Small, crumbling fragments of soap were left behind, powdering the inside of the paper; I lifted it to my face and inhaled, then carefully folded it back over the crumbs to capture them.
She also puts fresh blue towels at the end of their beds, and matching flannels, and places ‘interesting books they might enjoy’ on the coffee table.
When I opened the cupboard in my hotel room this morning I noticed the coffee, tea and sugar packets were arranged with exquisite neatness. I know it’s different if someone is being paid to do it, but the care was evident—the employee’s fingertips pushing the edge of the sugar packet until it sat just so.
We made it back up North and went to Salt Bar in Kingscliff for our first pub event. It was an intimidating environment to walk into. Huge extended families enjoying their parmas and chips, and football on the wall. But Zac is unflappable. She began setting up props and cutting up prompts for our word games. As each writer introduced their books and gave a little reading they were competing with squawking laughter and the scraping of forks and knives, but soon the background patrons moved away and we were left with our keen audience, who pulled their chairs even closer, and seemed to love every minute they got to spend in the company of Zac, Craig, Ash, Sam and Nick. Tim and I hung back at the start to be the eyes, though I’ll be chairing some of the sessions myself as we go on (yes, I’m nervous).
I loved Samuel Wagan Watson’s reasoning behind the title of his new book Love Poems and Death Threats: these are the daily workings of the writer; you could receive a love poem from your publisher one minute, or a death threat the next. And regarding poetry, he said, ‘we do live in a very violent world… it’s hard to put sunset and butterflies in the daily news’ (and so, too, in art).
Two other moments in the talk: Nick admitted that the fear of obsolescence in his character in Analogue Men may in fact reflect his own. This was when Zac was asking about autobiographical elements in the authors’ works. Even if it’s not on the basis of technological ineptness, as it is for Nick’s character, I think that statement is one all of us, on some level, can relate to. We can all become irrelevant in different situations. And one of Ashley’s final notes was a lovely one, she spoke about the stories we tell each other to get ourselves through—about friendship, about kindness. The Railwayman’s Wife is populated with these moments.
The audience joined in our fun game of ‘story stick’ (come to one of the events to find out more) and then we had pub food and a couple of drinks, then sang along to Bowie and passed around my flask of Lagavulin 16 in the van.

domain: literature


The Meterman XP series of multimeters combine features and accuracy in a small device. Each XP multimeter has built-in non-contact voltage (NCV) detection, Magne-Grip holster and CAT III safety ratings.
The 5 XP is a 2000-count manual ranging meter for residential and commercial electrical use, and general purpose troubleshooting.
- VolTect Non-Contact Voltage Detector lets you instantly identify dangerous AC voltage
- Magne-Grip"" holster with magnetic strap frees both hands for workÜ
- Min/Max records minimum and maximum values
- Data Hold freezes display to hold measurement reading


text:
SEOUL, May 2 (Yonhap) — A special exhibition dedicated to the Korean alphabet, hangeul, will open in Los Angeles to mark the 620th anniversary of its creator King Sejong’s birth, the National Hangeul Museum said Tuesday.
“Sounds x Hangeul, Variation of the Korean Alphabet” will run from May 10-June 2 at the Korean Cultural Center.
The alphabet was invented by King Sejong (1397-1450), the fourth king of Korea’s last dynasty Joseon (1392-1910).
The first part of the exhibition “Hangeul Embracing the Sounds” will look into the similarities and differences between hangeul and English. In the second part “Sounds x Design,” some 30 pieces of design artwork and a video clip will visualize the sound of hangeul and demonstrate the aesthetic value of the alphabet.
The museum will also run a symposium on American academics’ take on the creation of hangeul at the Charles E. Young Research Library of UCLA on the eve of the exhibition’s opening.


text:
- File Size: 2588 KB
- Print Length: 605 pages
- Simultaneous Device Usage: Unlimited
- Publication Date: July 3, 2015
- Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
- Language: English
- ASIN: B010Y6SD7Q
- Text-to-Speech: Enabled
- Word Wise: Enabled
- Lending: Not Enabled
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#2,015,672 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
- #1207 in Kindle Store > Kindle eBooks > Children's eBooks > Science Fiction, Fantasy & Scary Stories > Fantasy & Magic > Coming of Age
- #7539 in Kindle Store > Kindle eBooks > Children's eBooks > Science Fiction, Fantasy & Scary Stories > Fantasy & Magic > Sword & Sorcery
- #7820 in Kindle Store > Kindle eBooks > Children's eBooks > Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths
The Adventures of Fawn: Book 2: The Ona Pendulum Kindle Edition
Try Kindle Countdown Deals
Explore limited-time discounted eBooks. Learn more.
Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required.
To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number.
Customers who bought this item also bought
Would you like to tell us about a lower price?
Top customer reviews
There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.
After reading book one in the series, I mistakenly expected this to follow the same tone. Books are not always what is expected and that is a good thing! That's what they are supposed to do, challenge us! The author crafted a very unique, complicated, and fascinating journey surrounding the beginnings of Santa Claus and friends. This book made me think, and my favorite part was Bunny's spunk, always a fun character. If you expect this to be like every other Christmas, or Santa book, it will wonderfully surprise you. So leave all expectations behind, grab a cup of hot cocoa and open the first page with a fresh mind.
While, the first book mainly focused on the woods surrounding Santa's workshop, this story took readers to a new location and back in time. It was not all fun and games but had some more substance to the story. Yet, readers will enjoy this story just as much as they did the first book.
I loved the cast of colorful characters that Fawn got to meet during her adventures. The key element of the story is friendship, and some of the messages Fawn gets taught during the course of the book are very inspiring.
A fun book that children will enjoy, and that sets everyone in the mood for the holiday season.


text:
This frame is available in additional colors. Contact us for more information.
Experience sleek style and advanced technology in these EC446 eyeglasses with a magnetic clip-on lens from EasyClip. The full-rim frames and accompanying clip-on are made from a durable, corrosion-resistant metal that retains its shape for long-lasting wear. Slim skull temples curve gently inward for added stability behind the ear and feature appealing decorative details. Flexible spring hinges hold their initial adjustment and balance for a secure fit. EasyClip technology creates a strong magnetic bond between the frames and clip-onenjoy the convenience of transitioning from eyeglasses to sunglasses in an instant.

domain: design


text:
Art in the Park starts Saturday
The Bemidji Community Art Center’s annual “Art in the Park” is back.
It’s the 46th anniversary for the event, which boasts of an annual attendance of more than 8,000 visitors. The juried fine arts and craft fair is located in Library Park downtown, and organizers expect more than 100 artists to take part again this year. Food vendors and live entertainment also will be on hand. The event is 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. July 21.


text: By mid-October spring is becoming early summer and the variety of flowers and fresh greens is overwhelming. This is the time of the opium poppies – Papaver somniferum – which came to the garden many years ago and if left unchecked can completely swamp everything else. They are huge, glaucous-leaved, and carry flowers the size of tennis balls with hundreds of ragged petals, looking like the crepe-paper flowers used to decorate procession floats, and in a strident flat pink to boot. Not, you might gather, my favourite flower. But impressive none the less and greatly appreciated by most visitors. Occasionally one would revert to being single – usually because it was too puny to double-up. I found it charming and started saving seed; gradually their numbers increased. This year, suddenly, the garden is full of huge singles in a much softer and subtler pink, with big mauve-grey blotches and the wonderful poppy structure of the flowers exposed. I pat myself on the back and pick it – here with cornflowers – to represent this voluptuous season!


The replacement hospital will serve forensic patients who enter care through the criminal court system, freeing other areas of campus to serve civil patients. Programs and design elements will foster a therapeutic and safe environment based on evidence-based health care practices. The hospital also will promote research and innovation by fostering partnerships with local academic institutions.
The new hospital’s design directly enhances patient healing and supports the needs of staff to provide care. The building plan implements the therapy model while prioritizing transparency, biophilia, and a holistic approach to treatment, balancing the needs of patients and providers for safety and security. To leverage the healing power of nature, the building will integrate with the topography of the 216-acre campus. The buildings and landscape emphasize access to nature and daylight to improve programmatic function. Elevated walkways connect building spaces, floating above courtyards and providing connections to nature as patients and staff move throughout the campus.
“Our design supports the healing, rehabilitation, and care of forensic behavioral health patients in ways that challenge more traditional, institutional design solutions,” said Loren Supp, Principal in HOK’s Seattle studio and Lead Designer for the project. “The new hospital will serve as a model for communities across the country, highlighting the necessity of investing in progressive mental and behavioral health services, programs, and facilities to ensure the best long-term outcomes for vulnerable populations.”
Sustainability and energy efficiency are also central to the design, with the goal of achieving net-zero energy and LEED Gold certification. The new hospital focuses on destigmatizing mental health care with exterior materials that are non-institutional in appearance. A modular lattice veil across the facade creates a woven appearance and balances the brick and painted steel facades of nearby buildings, creating a rhythmic pattern.
The project is part of a master plan that includes several other facility improvements to the existing Western State Hospital campus. Construction is anticipated to begin in 2023, with completion by 2027.


text:
Texas: 5 killed, 21 injured in latest US shooting rampage
London, Sep 1, 2019 (AltAfrica)-Five people have been killed and 21 injured after a shooting near the twin towns of Midland and Odessa in west Texas. The gunman, who opened fire after his car was stopped by police on Saturday afternoon, was killed by police after being chased to a parking lot at an entertainment complex.
It was the second mass shooting in Texas in August. On 3 August a gunman killed 22 people and injured 24 at a Walmart in El Paso.
The Texas governor, Greg Abbott, said: “The first lady and I are heartbroken over this senseless and cowardly attack, and we offer our unwavering support to the victims, their families, and all the people of Midland and Odessa.”
Police in Odessa had earlier reported that “a subject (possibly 2) is currently driving around Odessa shooting at random people.”
They added that “the suspect just hijacked a US mail carrier truck” and urged people to stay off the road and use extreme caution.
Some of the shots were fired on the Interstate 20 highway linking Odessa and Midland, where cars were left with bullet holes.
President Donald Trump tweeted that he had been briefed by Attorney General Bill Barr.
“FBI and Law Enforcement is fully engaged,” Trump said.
The Mayor of Midland,Jerry Morales confirmed the death of two persons, with 20 others injured.
Midland Police Department also confirmed one death: that of the ‘active shooter’ in an update posted on Facebook.
“It has been confirmed that the active shooter was shot and killed at the Cinergy in Odessa. There is no active shooter at this time. All agencies are investigating reports of possible suspects”, the Police said.
Morales said the shootings began shortly after 4 p.m. local time, with two or possibly three gunmen targeting motorists on Interstate 20 and Highway 191, which connects Midland to Odessa, Texas.
Odessa police said multiple people were shot by a gunman who at one point hijacked a mail truck and was “shooting at random people.”
Midland Memorial Hospital said it received six patients, three of whom are in critical condition, hospital officials said. The other three patients are in stable condition.
Midland and Odessa are in western Texas, about 20 miles apart.
The police in Midland earlier said on Facebook that they believed there were two gunmen in separate vehicles.
“One suspect is believed to be at the Cinergy in Midland and the other is believed to be driving on Loop 250 in Midland,” the police said. “The two vehicles in question are: gold/white small Toyota truck and a USPS Postal Van. Please stay away from these areas and stay indoors.”
The police in Odessa, about 20 miles away, said on Facebook that a gunman — or possibly two — was driving around “shooting at random people.”
“At this time there are multiple gunshot victims,” the police said. “Everyone is encouraged to get off the road and use extreme caution! All law enforcement is currently searching for the suspect and more information will be released as soon as it becomes available.”
On Saturday the Massachusetts senator Elizabeth Warren, a contender for the Democratic nomination to run against Trump, tweeted: “I’m heartsick for the victims of this latest mass shooting in Odessa and Midland. We shouldn’t have to live with this near daily fear and horror. We’ve already lost far too many to gun violence –Congress must act now.”
Another Democratic contender, the former El Paso congressman Beto O’Rourke, said: “Our hearts are with Midland, Odessa, and everyone in West Texas who has to endure this again. More information is forthcoming, but here’s what we know: we need to end this epidemic.


text:
EmpireCLS Adds Two New Vehicles to Its NY and LA Markets
Secaucus, NJ -- (SBWire) -- 06/15/2015 --EmpireCLS the nation's leading luxury, chauffeured transportation provider, proudly announces the addition of two new luxury vehicles to their New York and Los Angeles markets.
"Our fleet of luxury vehicles represent the height of industry standards for vehicle safety and performance," said chairman and CEO David Seelinger. "'Luxury' can mean a lot of things, including being transported in the newest vehicles, and we want to ensure those vehicles are available for our clientele."
One of the fleet's newest additions is the 2015 Lincoln Navigator SUV. The Navigator features signature Lincoln Drive Control and intelligent suspension for a smooth performance while the 3.5L EcoBoost Engine ensures a powerful ride, no matter how long the journey. The Navigator also boasts enhanced features like an entertainment system, rare wood inlays and surround sound audio.
The Lincoln brand is well-respected in the ground transportation industry due to the legacy of the Lincoln Town Car and Town Car stretch limousines, which served as the workhorses of the ground transportation industry for over two decades.
EmpireCLS also introduces a fleet of custom Cadillac XTS limousines, which can accommodate up to six passengers. At 70 inches, the Cadillac XTS limousine has the generous leg room and comfortable, leather-appointed seating that has made the Cadillac name synonymous with luxury. Guests traveling in the Cadillac XTS limousine can also enjoy wireless internet, TV, entertainment system and personalized climate control.
EmpireCLS's select fleet includes luxury sedan models like the Mercedes-Benz S550 and BMW 740li, SUVs and large-capacity vehicles for group transportation. EmpireCLS employs a fleet of late-model vehicles, replacing each vehicle every 24 months—regardless of condition. Guests of EmpireCLS have come to expect a consistent level of five-star transportation service. The luxurious experience is due largely in part to the company's pristine fleet.
EmpireCLS is available for reservations in New York, Los Angeles and in over 700 cities within our global footprint. For more information on the EmpireCLS fleet, visit their website or contact their global reservation center at (800) 451-5466.
For over three decades, EmpireCLS has led the livery transportation industry in trends and entrepreneurial vision. Captained by chairman and CEO David Seelinger, EmpireCLS has grown from a single-car company to a worldwide, luxury, chauffeured transportation provider, equipped with a fleet of late-model, luxury vehicles and driven by only the most dedicated and professional chauffeurs.
Available in over 700 cities worldwide, EmpireCLS provides unparalleled, five-star service to all of its guests, and also offers premium services like security coverage and airport concierge. Whether arranging transportation to their hotel or a major awards ceremony, EmpireCLS's guests can expect the best-in-class service that has earned the company its worldwide reputation for excellence.
For more information on EmpireCLS, visit http://www.empirecls.com.
Media Relations Contact
View this press release online at: http://rwire.com/604142

domain: geography


text:
Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host's immune response to combat infections
By Dr. Dorota Czerucka
Medical Biology, Ecosystems and Immunity Team, Monaco Scientific Centre, Monaco
About this article
The fact that living beings have evolved over millions of years in complex environments occupied by microbial ecosystems has shaped symbiotic relationships regulated by the immune system. The new sequencing techniques have revolutionised our knowledge and have shown that each individual hosts a microbiota which is unique to him, as is its role in the physiology of the host and in numerous diseases such as infections. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the immune system starts during foetal life. Their mutual and constant exchanges shape both the immunity of the host and also the gut microbiota resulting in protection from infection and numerous diseases. Indeed, the specific organisation of the microbiota - separated from the host by a single layer of cells - constitutes a particular challenge for the immune system, the role of which is to recognise “non-self” as a potential sign of infection and thus trigger the immune system cascades. For this reason, the continuous exchanges with the microbiota have a significant impact on the immune system of the host. The immune response, which must be tolerant towards the microbiota, also has an impact on the composition and function of this microbiota.
GUT MICROBIOTA AND THE INTESTINAL BARRIER
The gut microbiota is an initial barrier protecting the intestinal mucosa from pathogens. This complex ecosystem inhabits the gastrointestinal tract where it remains stable and limits access to the intestinal niches and to the nutrients required for the multiplication of exogenous bacteria by the phenomenon called “colonisation resistance”  (Figure 1). The enterocytes, which provide a physical barrier between the intestinal lumen and the host, absorb water and nutrients and secrete antimicrobial peptides, AMPs (RegIIIg, b-defensins and cathelicidin) . By the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns, (MAMPs) by specific receptors (including the Toll-Like-Receptors, TLR), these cells will be able to transduce the signal to cytokines and chemokines thus signalling infection and recruiting immune cells (Figure 2). Paneth cells also participate in colonisation resistance by secreting AMPs (lysosyme, a-defensins, RegIIIg) . The goblet cells – mucus-secreting – and the M cells have gatekeeping action, transporting antigens, intact and captured at random in the intestinal lumen arising from commensal bacteria or pathogens or dietary antigens. These will then be prepared by the dendritic cells (DC) and presented to the adaptive immune system. This function is vital to intestinal tolerance and the induction of mucosal immune responses : there therefore is a constant balance between pro- and anti- inflammatory responses (Figure 2). In particular, this was demonstrated in mice models of induced colitis and in TLR receptor-deficient mice: the absence of microbiota or recognition of this reduces the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells or barrier repair . Lastly, the mucus also provides protection by capturing AMPs, which act to prevent the pathogens from reaching the epithelium. In the model of Muc2-deficient mice (Muc2 is the gene coding for one of the proteins making up the mucus), an increase in the translocation of commensal bacteria is observed and these animals develop intestinal inflammatory diseases .
CROSSTALK BETWEEN THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Among the players of the innate immune system which participate in intestinal homeostasis, antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as the macrophages (Mj) and the DCs have a major role. The Mj and the DCs synthesise IL-10 and thus promote differentiation of Treg  and the maturation of the Th17 lymphocytes via the implication of commensal bacteria: the segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). These have the particular ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells causing active stimulation of the immune system  (Figure 3). A study shows that colonisation of mice by these SFB, induces the differentiation of Th17 thus resulting in protection from Citrobacter rodentium (the murine equivalent of EPEC and EHEC). It has been suggested that this protection is due to the capacity of the SFB to cause Th17 to stimulate the synthesis of IL-22, a cytokine known to stimulate the synthesis of AMPs . To come back to the DCs, these, by extending their dendrites between the epithelial cells, are able to phagocyte the bacteria present in the intestinal lumen. These commensal bacteria are then transported to the mesenteric lymph nodes to induce the production of IgA secreted by the plasma cells . The innate lymphoid cells (ILC) also play an important role in intestinal homoeostasis; this is related to their capacity to initiate and direct intestinal immune responses. More specifically, the type 3 ILCs (ILC3) have a unique place in the interaction with the gut microbiota. By synthesising IL-22, these cells stimulate the production of mucus, AMPs and the secretion of chemokines and recruitment of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells (Figure 2) .
CROSSTALK BETWEEN THE MICROBIOTA AND THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
The final maturation of the adaptive immune system is characterised by the colonisation of the intestinal mucosa by mature effector T-lymphocytes with inflammatory properties (Th17), T-lymphocytes with antiinflammatory properties (Treg) and B-lymphocytes (Figure 2). Besides effects on the macrophages and the differentiation of the Th17 cells, the SFB also stimulate the development of the lymphoid follicles and participate in the differentiation of the B-lymphocytes to IgA-producing plasma cells the action of which is the containment of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus . Other commensal bacteria can stimulate adaptive immune responses: a mixture of 17 Clostridia strains isolated from a human faecal sample and introduced in mice induced an anti-inflammatory response by stimulating the Treg . Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has also been identified for its anti-inflammatory action in vitro and in vivo by acting on the NF-kB factor, DCs and Mj which secrete IL-10 and enhance differentiation of Treg to the detriment of Th17 . Of the Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron have also been described as exerting anti-inflammatory activity. B fragilis synthetises a polysaccharide A (PSA) that prevents pro-inflammatory IL-17 production and stimulates the anti-inflammatory of secretion IL-10 (Figure 3). In a specific model of Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis, PSA stimulated the development of lymphoid follicles, stimulated Treg lymphocyte cells and protected the mice .
MICROBIAL METABOLITES: IMPORTANT MEDIATORS IN THE CROSSTALK BETWEEN THE MICROBIOTA AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan metabolites and bile salts are the principal metabolites produced by the gut microbiota which exert a protective effect against infections [9, 10]. Butyrate, propionate and succinate are known to act on intestinal homoeostasis, on mucus secretion, but also on the various cells of the immune system. Among other effects, butyrate has anti-inflammatory and anti- microbial effects. This action is exerted via the G-coupled protein receptors (GPR) found on the epithelial cells and the macrophages . F prausnitzii produces large quantities of butyrate, which may partly explain its anti-inflammatory effect. It inactivates NF-kB and thus suppresses synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-8 by the enterocytes  (Figure 3) . It also induces metabolic and epigenetic modifications (via histone deacetylases, HDACs) macrophages in mice, thus amplifying their anti-microbial activities in vitro and in vivo . Commensal bacteria can also metabolise tryptophan and produce antimicrobial substances. An example is the Lactobacilli, which utilise it as an energy source to synthesise an indole that binds to aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) present on the ILC3. AhR triggers IL-22 secretion by the ILCs and this further drives the secretion of AMPs and protects against infections .
MICROBIOTA – INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM CROSSTALK FOR PROTECTION AGAINST VIRAL INFECTIONS
Among the enteric viruses, norovirus and rotavirus are the main causes of gastroenteritis . The enteric viruses infect various cell types: enterovirus 71 specifically infect the goblet cells, whereas the rotavirus has a preferential tropism for the enterocytes  (Figure 4A). The gut microbiota acts as a barrier against enteric viral infections. The viruses have evolved and become adapted to their host, implementing mechanisms that enable them to cross the intestinal barrier and escape barrier immunity: it is in fact difficult to infect mice effectively with human enteric viruses by the oral route . Virus penetration into the enterocyte triggers the secretion of type III interferon (IFN). Detection of a virus can induce IL-la, which activates the ILC3 to produce IL-22. This IL protects against enteric viral infections and acts synergistically with type III IFN to induce the expression of antiviral effectors and IL-15. Recognition of a virus by TLR-3 leads to the activation of the NF-kB pathway and to the production of IL-15 also. IL-15 activates the cytotoxic lymphocytes (NK cells). Those viruses, which have traversed the intestinal barrier, trigger the production of type I IFN by the macrophages of the lamina propria (Figure 4B). Some enteric viruses (rotavirus, reovirus, enterovirus) are able to adhere to the intestinal bacteria, enhancing penetration into the intestinal epithelial cells . The SFB, which accelerate epithelial cell turnover produce protection against rotavirus infection in mice by expulsing infected cells . The bile acids metabolised by the gut microbiota also act to protect the small intestine (but not the colon) from acute infection by norovirus in mice by enhancing the production of type III IFN in the small intestine .
1 Perez-Lopez A, Behnsen J, Nuccio SP, Raffatellu M. Mucosal immunity to pathogenic intestinal bacteria. Nat Rev Immunol 2016 ; 16 : 135-48.
2 Allaire JM, Crowley SM, Law HT, et al. The intestinal epithelium: central coordinator of mucosal immunity. Trends Immunol 2018 ; 39 : 677-96.
3 Van der Sluis M, De Koning BA, De Bruijn AC, et al. Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection. Gastroenterology 2006 ; 131 : 117-29.
4 Kim M, Hill A A, Wu WJ, et al. Intestinal microbes direct CX3CR1+ cells to balance intestinal immunity. Gut Microbes 2018 ; 17 : 151-63.
5 Flanningan KL, Denning TL. Segmented filamentous bacteria-induced immune responses: a balancing act between host protection and autoimmunity. Immunology 2018 ; 154 : 537-46.
6 Ivanov I I, Atarashi K, Manel N, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell 2009 ; 139 : 485-98.
7 Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Oshima K, et al. Treg induction by rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota. Nature 2013 ; 500 : 232-6.
8 Miquel S, Martin R, Rossi O, et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzi and human intestinal health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013 ; 16 : 255- 61.
9 Levy M, Blacher E, Elinav E. Microbiome, metabolites and host immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017 ; 35 : 8-15.
10 Michaudel C, Sokol H. The gut microbiota at the service of immunometabolism. Cell Metabolism 2020 ; 32 : 514-23.
11 Schulthess J, Pandey S, Capitani S, et al. The short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate imprints an antimicrobial program in macrophages. Immunity 2019 ; 50 : 432-45.
12 Bányai K, Estes MK, Martella V, et al. Viral gastroenteritis. Lancet 2018 ; 392 : 175-86.
13 Segrist E, Cherry S. Using diverse model systems to define intestinal epithelial defenses to enteric viral infections. Cell Host Microbe 2020 ; 27 : 329-44.
14 Shi Z, Zou J, Zhang Z, et al. Segmented filamentous bacteria prevent and cure rotavirus infection. Cell 2019 ; 179 : 644-658.e13.
15 Grau KR, Zhu S, Peterson ST, et al. The intestinal regionalization of acute norovirus infection is regulated by the microbiota via bile acid-mediated priming of type III interferon. Nat Microbiol 2020 ; 5 : 84-92.


100% cotton with the Orange logo on the breast and a ‘O’ logo sewn on label on the sleeve.
— OR —
Straight from the artwork folder of our in-house design department, we used the iconic Orange logo found across our amplifier range and in historic catalogues dating back to the 1970s.
This T-Shirt is 100% cotton. This material that doesn’t shrink in the wash, soft and comfortable to the touch and grabs onto the printed graphic better than cheaper alternatives.
Final price charged will be in GBP (£)
There are no reviews yet.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Your review *


Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied in the software development process to automatically learn patterns from massive data. However, many applications still make decisions based on rules that are manually crafted and verified by domain experts due to safety or security concerns. In this paper, we aim to close the gap between DNNs and rule-based systems by automating the rule generation process via extracting knowledge from well-trained DNNs. Existing techniques with similar purposes either rely on specific DNNs input instances or use inherently unstable random sampling of the input space. Therefore, these approaches either limit the exploration area to a local decision-space of the DNNs or fail to converge to a consistent set of rules. The resulting rules thus lack representativeness and stability. In this paper, we address the two aforementioned shortcomings by discovering a global property of the DNNs and use it to remodel the DNNs decision-boundary. We name this property as the activation probability, and show that this property is stable. With this insight, we propose an approach named DENAS including a novel rule-generation algorithm. Our proposed algorithm approximates the non-linear decision boundary of DNNs by iteratively superimposing a linearized optimization function. We evaluate the representativeness, stability, and accuracy of DENAS against five state-of-the-art techniques (LEMNA, Gradient, IG, DeepTaylor, and DTExtract) on three software engineering and security applications Binary analysis, PDF malware detection, and Android malware detection. Our results show that DENAS can generate more representative rules consistently in a more stable manner over other approaches. We further offer case studies that demonstrate the applications of DENAS such as debugging faults in the DNNs and generating signatures that can detect zero-day malware.
Supplementary notes can be added here, including code, math, and images.


text:
Holiday lets in Nice old town
Below are listed all our offers in Nice if you intend to spend your holiday in Nice old town also known as Vieux Nice. Consulting our website, you will also find other offers in the surrounding areas of Nice such as the Dubouchage district or the airport district, located not too far from Nice first beaches.
Rent an accommodation in Nice old town
To discover a city is also to seek to know its history, to find its cradle. As for the heart of Nice, it is here in the Old Town. When taking a rental in Old Nice, the genesis of the city is revived before traveling through its 24 centuries of history marked by several major projects of expansion of the city, driven by the various leaders of the city. It is in this district that one learns the most about the traditions, the customs, the history and the roots of Nice.
Nice is nowadays one of the largest metropolises in France and has about forty districts. In spite of everything, it is still Old Nice which is the most animated of all. This is the corner of partygoers and youngsters. This is where the best places to go: restaurants, pubs, discotheques, etc. are grouped together. So, opting for a rental in Nice Old Town, tourists enjoy the privilege of being able to fully enjoy the atmosphere in all these places.
A rental in the Old Nice also presents another not insignificant advantage, transport. The area is very well connected. This is not surprising insofar as the city has developed around this lively heart. All the roads lead here and from this district, we can go to any place of Nice by borrowing one and the same means of transport. Basically, if you want to go to the western districts, for example, a single bus line is enough to cover all the way, no need to change. (It is rare to be able to do this in big cities).

domain: travel


The National Security Agency and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency recommended on Tuesday that companies when choosing a virtual private network avoid choosing non-standard VPN solutions, carefully read vendor documentation and check that a product supports strong credentials and protocols and disable those are weak.
These were among the recommendations of the two agencies in an information sheet, Selecting and Hardening Remote Access VPN Solutions, to manage security risks associated with the use of VPNs.
"VPN servers are gateways to secure networks, making them attractive targets," the agencies said in a statement. "Several national statistics' advanced persistent threat actors have armed common vulnerabilities and exposures to gain access to vulnerable VPN devices." Utilizing these exposures "may allow a malicious actor to steal credentials, remotely code, weaken encrypted traffic cryptography, hijack encrypted traffic sessions, and read sensitive device from the device," it said.
"If successful, these effects usually lead to additional malicious access and may result in large-scale compromises with corporate networks."


Solar Panel Cost Guide in Morris, NJ (Feb 2023)
- Morris Solar Installation Cost: $9,268
- 25-Year Savings: $10,633
- Payback Period: 11.6 Years
See cost of a solar system near you:
Please enter a valid 5-digit zip code!
Why you can trust EcoWatch
Top Solar Installers in Morris
Although you can install solar panels on your own, it involves extra effort and handiness. That's one of the reasons almost all homeowners choose to go with a solar panel installer. Plus, if you'd like to maximize your investment in solar power, opting for a solar installer can help with that as well. Different providers can offer repairs, expertise on how to install solar panels and sometimes even information on local incentives.
You can work with a local solar installer to get a free estimate on how much your investment in solar could cost for your home. Here are some near you:
See all of the solar companies in Morris
Factors that Affect Solar Panel Costs in Morris
Cost is typically one of the most important factors for homeowners who want to invest in solar. There are a few key factors that affect your total cost in Morris: solar equipment and system size, financing options and the solar installation company you choose. We'll go over each of these briefly below.
System size, which is measured in kilowatts, is one of the largest factors that influences the overall cost of installing solar panels. Because of that, it's crucial to accurately assess the size of the solar energy system needed for your home by figuring out your energy needs. The type of solar panels and equipment you want is another factor that will considerably impact costs. Solar panels that are more efficient, like monocrystalline panels, tend to be more expensive. Furthermore, solar equipment goes beyond just the solar panels themselves. You'll also need to think about the kind of racks used to mount the panels, inverters, solar batteries, etc. It's important to take all of this into consideration when looking into a solar system that's in your budget.
Solar Financing Terms
Many homeowners find the average cost of solar in Morris to be too costly, even if the investment pays off over time. Thankfully, almost every solar company in the area provides financing options. Solar loans greatly decrease upfront costs in most cases, but they also lead to paying more over time due to interest. However, the interest on solar loans also adds to your total costs, so it's vital to keep that in mind as well. You can always reduce the total you pay in interest and in some cases even your APR by making a larger down payment.
Solar Panel Installation Company
The solar company you pick will play a role in your total cost to go solar. Different companies will charge different amounts for the equipment and labor. You may notice national solar installers that have lower prices due to their larger brand name and access to bulk pricing, or you might see small, local installation companies offering deals or specials to compete with those larger companies.
Solar Panel Cost Data by System Size
|System size||Cost per system watt||Solar system cost||25-Year savings||Payback period|
|6 kW||$2.88||$12,099||$12,888||12.1 years|
|8 kW||$2.83||$15,822||$17,494||11.9 years|
|10 kW||$2.77||$19,390||$22,256||11.6 years|
|12 kW||$2.71||$22,803||$27,172||11.4 years|
|14 kW||$2.66||$26,060||$32,244||11.2 years|
|16 kW||$2.60||$29,163||$37,471||10.9 years|
|18 kW||$2.55||$32,110||$42,853||10.7 years|
|20 kW||$2.49||$34,902||$48,390||10.5 years|
How to Save on Solar Panels
The solar installer you go with will impact not only your overall costs, but also the kinds of solar panel brands, warranties, and other equipment you can get. When choosing a solar company, there are a few important things you should keep in mind, such as:
- Reputation: Make sure your solar installer has a good reputation by verifying it has certifications and licenses, checking its number of years in business and reading reviews by previous customers and solar experts like the EcoWatch team.
- Contract: Even though reading through a contract can take a lot of time, it's important to do it carefully so you can make sure you understand what services your solar company will provide and the terms of the warranty.
- Warranty: An all-inclusive, 25-year warranty can help keep your solar system running smoothly and save you money on part replacement and repairs.
- Solar Panel Brands: Not all solar installers have the same brands of solar panels, so the brand and type of panel you want can play a big role in the company you go with.
EcoWatch's Morris, NJ Solar Cost FAQs
Our goal is to reach as many people as we can with sensible solutions like solar energy. Our team of full-time local researchers collects solar price and installation data for every city in America then compiles it to create these digestible city guides. If you want to read our solar expert's opinion on the top solar companies featured here, follow this link.


text:
Kenwith Lodge was also known as Kenwith and Kenwith Castle but is now known as Kenwith Nursing Home. The mid-eighteenth century building, with an earlier wing, was later used as the dower house of the Pine-Coffin family at nearby Portledge. In 1850 Dr Hevwood was the owner and by 1883 it was occupied by Major General Hickman Thomas Molesworth. The Castellated Regency Gothic front effectively disguises the older building. The building later became a hotel and then converted into use as a residential home. There is a steel line engraving entitled ‘Kenwith Lodge, North Devon, the seat of W. C. Heywood M.D.’ by H. Wallis after W. H. Bartlett, 1831 and the eighteenth-century gazebo seen in the engraving survives.
Castle and gazebo listed Grade II.
Cherry & Pevsner: The Buildings of England – Devon, 1989: 124
T Gray: Devon Country Houses and Gardens Engraved Vol I, 2001: 173


text:
Sign-up to our newsletter today!
Voted Best Online Retailer of the Year
UK Stock Only
Lighting & Studio » Studio Backgrounds » Studio Backgrounds » Lastolite
The Lastolite 1.5mx1.8m Collapsible Reversible, New York/Ohio, is part of the extensive range of collapsible backgrounds that gives photographers the colours and patterns to express their creativity. Featuring crease resistant fabric, the background features a light-proof layer, is double sided, and comes complete with its own zip-up bag. It is ideal for portraits on location or in the studio. It is also available in a 1.8mx2.15m version complete with 1.5m train.
(based on 1 review)
Reviewed by 1 customer
Displaying review 1
Back to top
Great portrait background
from East Midlands
About Me Semi-pro Photographer
See all my reviews
Comments about Lastolite 1.5mx1.8m Collapsible Reversible Background - New York/Ohio:
Lastolite collapsible backgrounds are a great, portable solution to use on portrait shoots. Combined with the Lastolite heavy duty 5-piece stand, I can get from a compact, lightweight package to a fully erected background in a couple of minutes. Easily. Getting things packed away can be a different, and often much more humourous affair, though! There is a nack, I'd recommend looking on Youtube for "how to"s ;-)I only own this background and the black velvet one and they do me for every occasion.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Wex Photographic is a trading name of Warehouse Express Limited (registered as company no. 03366976).
Registered Office: 13 Frensham Road, Sweet Briar Industrial Estate, Norwich, Norfolk, NR3 2BT. Showroom: Unit B Frenbury Estate, Drayton High Road, Norwich, NR6 5DP.
Technical specifications are for guidance only and cannot be guaranteed accurate. Errors and omissions excepted.
© 2013 Warehouse Express Limited


text:
SUP Multiplayer Racing is one of its unique nice game that you are really going or already enjoying it. With SUP Multiplayer Racing MOD APK Latest Version v6.08.6.5, you can make you gameplay more joyful. Download SUP Multiplayer Racing Unlimited Resources: Money Gold & Diamonds Full Version Mod and Begin the real SUP Multiplayer Racing game! The SUP Multiplayer Racing Mod offers unlimited everything with a few clicks. This mod has been tested by many of our users and they really like it, just subsequently you gonna do! Moreover, it is cool to say you that the MOD is completly forgive and vigorous on Android & iOS. Download the tall quality SUP Multiplayer Racing APK MOD for Android/iOS MOD APK and start the competition next to the other +1000000 of players!
With SUP Multiplayer Racing MOD on, you will agreed enjoy this challenging game. Adding to that, you will be taken through a number of tutorials in the MOD to comprehend not by yourself how to use it completely. But, also how to master the game and gain the best place in online competitions!
What is SUP Multiplayer Racing?
It is a new game that you will very enjoy playing. SUP Multiplayer Racing Unlimited Resources: Money Gold & Diamonds is a roomy weight game supported by most devices including iOS & Android. You can now more about SUP Multiplayer Racing searching the web and particularly Play Store. In a propos the SUP Multiplayer Racing APK MOD for Android/iOS MOD, we will cover whatever about it here, so you can make the most of your gaming experience!
The SUP Multiplayer Racing game move forward went through many steps to bring you a unique fragment of art. Check under more not quite graphics, controls, gameplay & more stuff!
SUP Multiplayer Racing MOD APK Unlimited Coins Details:
The MOD contains additional features you would like to test Now, that you subsequently to exam it, we would with to notify you that it has:
- The MOD is always forgive to use and edit
- It was updated
- All bugs of SUP Multiplayer Racing Hack APK APK were fixed
- It supports now all versions of SUP Multiplayer Racing APK MOD for Android/iOS
What Can You Do With SUP Multiplayer Racing Unlimited Resources: Money Gold & Diamonds MOD APK Latest Version?
The possibilies are just endless. You can make anything you want because everything the features were updated efficiently to work without any problems. With SUP Multiplayer Racing MOD enable, you will make it through any challenge. Here are some of the extra features:
- You will be having whatever the currencies of the game. Unlimited amounts of them
- Unlimited diamonds
- The SUP Multiplayer Racing MOD will block the infuriating Ads if the app action them
- All levels, technics of the game and literally all will be unlocked
- The MODs in Online games are completly undetected, so you don’t have to worry
How to Download SUP Multiplayer Racing MOD APK for Android & iOS
To download SUP Multiplayer Racing files, all ou have to pull off is to follow the under instructions for both Android & iOS. These files will just make your game extraordinary.To total it up, this MOD APK is really mandatory, if you ever want to enjoy your game.
Installation Steps of SUP Multiplayer Racing Unlimited Resources: Money Gold & Diamonds:
- Click the button above and follow the instructions
- Make clear to unquestionable the instructions, so the files downloading Begin correctly
- Install the SUP Multiplayer Racing Unlimited Resources: Money Gold & Diamonds MOD once the easy to use tutorial

domain: hobby


Honing could be considered an unfairly neglected material-removal technology, when you consider its importance in allowing millions of automobile engines to run cleanly, quietly, and efficiently. The widespread, practical use of internal combustion engines, both large and small, would essentially be impossible without carefully sized and surfaced cylinder bores and other components.
“There are three main reasons why you would hone,” says Dennis Westhoff, global business development manager and former engineer and technical center head for Sunnen Products Company (St. Louis). First, there’s size-control of the bore through the use of abrasive media for material removal, and then there’s the finessing of the bore’s geometry. “Cylindricity, roundness, straightness, and taper all come into play with the geometry.”
Surface finish is the third reason why honing is performed, says Westhoff. In a cylinder bore, the surface finish, typically in a crosshatch pattern, maximizes the lubricating effect of engine oil. “The combination of precise size, geometry, and surface finish minimizes blow-by at the ring/cylinder wall interface,” and improves combustion efficiency. This facet of honing is particularly important in a world where emissions standards will only become stricter for automobiles and lawnmowers alike. And overall, honing improves the performance of “any device where a piston moves inside a cylinder or a part rotates on a shaft.”
Therefore, to label honing a “material-removal process” may be oversimplifying. “That’s kind of a misconception a lot of people have about honing,” comments Westhoff. He says honing can be used to remove large amounts of material in some cases, as with oil-field parts where bores can be 40′ (12-m) long, and honing is used to remove as much as one inch (25 mm) of material from a 14″ (356-mm) ID. In mainstream engine applications, however, stock removal is only on the order of 0.005″ (0.13 mm) for each honing step (usually two or more). “For a high-production situation, in order for the honing operation to be optimized, you want to take out just enough material to correct the bore geometry and create the proper surface finish.”
The trick is finding the right tooling and system.
Various honing methods suit various surface-finish needs, and they’re generally split into “conventional honing” and “single-pass honing.” Conventional honing rotates tools with abrasive-media inserts pressured against a bore surface to finish it in repeated strokes. Single-pass honing typically passes multiple diamond-surfaced tools of increasing diameter through a bore (in a single stroke for each tool), until the desired quality and diameter are achieved.
Single-pass bore finishing has many advantages over conventional honing, especially when finishing parts in large production batches, according to Robert Marvin of Engis Corp. (Wheeling, IL). “Conventional honing utilizes abrasive stones that must expand and contract during each cycle while the tool or part is continually reciprocated.” He argues that single-pass tools, by being fixed in size, offer superior size control and repeatability.
“In regards to geometry, both techniques can produce submicron results if properly set.” He says single-pass bore finishing can hold cylindricity (defined as roundness, straightness, and taper combined) to better than 0.0004 mm (under 0.5 µm). And because each tool passes through the bore only once, and tool wear rates are low, “production rates are almost always higher than conventional honing.”
Single-pass honing works well for most medium-to-high production cases, but Marvin admits conventional honing offers more flexibility in low-production cases: “If someone needs to finish many sizes in batches of less than 100 pieces, single-pass tooling would be costrestrictive.” Plus, single-pass tooling has difficulty finishing cylinder bores that require a specific crosshatch finish for oil distribution. “The typical finish pattern with the single-pass process is a faint swirl rather than a crosshatch.” He adds, however, that new single-pass processes and tooling are making more crosshatch-like patterns possible.
Except for cases that require a true crosshatch finish, “there are certain applications when single-pass works very well,” agrees Dennis Westhoff of Sunnen (which specializes in both single and multipass honing). But single-pass tools have one layer of abrasive diamond particles, and their sharp cutting points wear, eventually doing more “plowing and pushing” of material rather than cutting. “So the surface condition at that point isn’t as acceptable or as cleanly cut as you have in a traditional [conventional] honing process, where the abrasive breaks down during the process and continually renews itself—a self-sharpening process.”
Conventional honing machines are becoming more friendly for high production, adds Westhoff. Robots for part loading and unloading, for example, are critical when the operator can’t keep up with multispindle machines. And integrated in-process air-gaging at each spindle allows the machine to adjust itself during honing. Because honing abrasives gradually wear, “you need some mechanism to measure that wear, to bring that into control. Air-gaging gives you the ability to accept feedback and automatically compensate for that wear as it occurs during the cycle.”
New machines also allow the “ultimate control of crosshatch.” Older conventional honing machines don’t provide a consistent crosshatch pattern angle in the bore throughout the machine’s entire stroke, but this can be corrected via servo control of the spindle. This feature is offered on Sunnen’s recently released SV-500 vertical CNC honing system, an all-electric machine that provides three-axis servo control of spindle rotation, stroke, and tool feed. The synchronized servo axes allow the operator to set the desired crosshatch angle through Windows-based control software, to eliminate the “flattening” of the crosshatch angle that can happen at stroke-reversal points.
Production honing often requires flexibility as well, regardless of tooling or method, notes Chris Sauer of Nagel Precision (Ann Arbor, MI). Companies may desire to hone different models of an engine family with minimal or no changeover, and some lines “are even designed to hone parts in batch lots of one,” Sauer says. “Smaller, flexible machines can also be designed to accept virtually any engine block, which can be retooled for in a matter of hours,” compared to the days or months of retooling time a transfer line system might require.
Automation can be a significant cost-investment factor for flexible honing systems, although, Sauer points out, “any transfer-type production line already has a significant amount of automation to move the parts from one machine to the other.” Flexible systems typically employ an overhead gantry with pick-and-place loading, robotics, or a combination of both. And “if the customer is looking to reduce retooling costs in the future, gantry or robotic automation requires minimal reinvestment for another part type.” By contrast: “A dedicated, roller-type conveyor, common in transfer-line applications, would most likely have to be totally replaced, taking up considerable time at significant cost.”
Various types of high-volume applications can benefit from a flexible honing system. Pinion gear bore honing has become more sophisticated. “Transmission design has necessitated smoother, bearing-quality pinion bore surface finishes,” says Sauer. Here, a Nagel Model 3 HS6-30 machine is used for removing approximately 0.080 mm of ID material in three honing passes. “The pinion honing machine is designed with palletized fixtures, which are readily exchangeable for different gear types,” allowing some companies to hone as many as six different gear designs on the same machine.
For shops that don’t have or can’t justify dedicated honing machines, another flexible option is to hone with existing machining centers and lathes, says David Chobany, vice president of Bates Technologies (Indianapolis). The company’s honing products and tools are adapted for use on common CNC machine tools, helping shops maximize the usage of their equipment and floor space. “For certain applications,” he says, “the manufacturer can utilize existing or upgraded machinery by adding the honing operation without the capital expenditure required for a dedicated machine.”
One approach is to “close the loop” between boring and honing in the same machine, using a boring tool, a honing tool with a standard toolholder adapter, and inprocess diameter-feedback air gaging. Chobany says this approach has been useful for diesel and small engine cylinders, air-compressor bodies, dies and molds, and long tubes and liners for the gas and oil industry.
To accommodate honing, certain capabilities are required in existing machines, explains Chobany. In general, a machine requires through-the-spindle coolant delivery, which is used to expand the honing abrasives against the part wall with constant coolant pressure, typically between 120 and 150 psi (827–1.03 MPa). Also, additional M-codes may be required on some machines to control the coolant and airgaging, and a stroke-control program is needed to control the coordinate location and number of strokes. “On some older-model CNC machine tools, the servodrive controlling the tool strokes may need to be upgraded,” he adds.
The newest developments in honing address high-tech interests of both honing shops and their OEM customers. One thrust in honing development is simply to take steps—and costs—out of the boring/honing process, says Michael Schaefer, manager of process development for Gehring L.P. (Farmington Hills, MI). He points to a few recent innovations in honing that cut costs and/or increase engine performance.
Schaefer describes laser structuring as a technology that allows engine builders to further improve engine oil effectiveness. Creating a kind of enhanced crosshatching, the process produces a homogeneous “engineered surface structure” that reduces friction in the cylinder wall. This structure cuts emissions, and enhances gas mileage by over 6% when the entire cylinder surface is treated (according to tests cited by Gehring). The process can also be used for bushings and piston rings—”or wherever we need to optimize the lubrication and surface conditions,” says Schaefer.
“Quite a bit of science goes into formulating abrasives to meet surface-finish requirements, depending on what type of material you’re honing, bore geometry—thin or thick-walled processes, and material hardness,” says Mike Murphy, Sunnen product manager for tooling and abrasives. Thus Sunnen and other abrasive suppliers offer multiple families of abrasives for honing an ever-growing number of workpiece materials, including new alloys and ceramics.
Honing abrasives include silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, diamond, and cubic boron nitride (CBN). David Chobany of Bates Technologies points out that in CNC honing environments, diamond or CBN “superabrasives” are the primary and preferred abrasives—especially when machining exotic or hard-to-machine materials such as Inconel, ceramics, and CGI (compacted graphite iron), and when finishing parts designed with interrupted cuts, tandem bores, or thin walls.
Nagel Precision’s Chris Sauer illustrates the difficulties of these hardmachining materials. In comparing CGI to gray cast iron, for instance: “CGI requires heavier-duty honing spindles and stiffer mechanical expansion systems for the hone process.”
And Sauer compares honing gray cast iron sleeves for typical aluminum engine blocks to honing liners made from hypereutectic Al-Si alloys used in high-end European production engines. Gray iron can be honed using standard practices (such as three-pass honing with superabrasives), “but the Al-Si liner requires very specialized ceramicbonded abrasives and unique hone tooling designed to expose the silicon particles found in the aluminum substrate on the cylinder running surface.”
This article was first published in the June 2008 edition of Manufacturing Engineering magazine.
Connect With Us