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This is the chant that sings on our lips. A country with over 200 million people with hearts to win in every way possible. There is a pride that swells in our chest as we recite the brave words that pledge allegiance to our father's land. A population with over two hundred and fifty (250) spoken indigenous languages and English as the lingua franca, diversity is indeed an understatement. The stories of the Benin kingdom, the Nok culture, and legends like Queen Amina of Zazzau are etched into our hearts reminding us of our antecedents.
With what we were and who we are, what is the constant feeling of loss that fogs the future?
Humanity is blessed with the gift of growth, the ability to educate, integrate, format and manipulate concepts into our thought process and life principles. This has served as a building block to the technological, economic and political advancement that we have enjoyed. Also, a secret ingredient to tendencies for greater ideas. Thus far, this gift has lacked an effect on the Nigerian people, seeming like time has stopped. This is a consequential outcome of one of many such as greed. The concept of greed in this case does not necessarily apply solely to monetary greed, but greed in every sense of life. The inability to look beyond ourselves and see ourselves as a body of people makes the nation and not the nation that makes the people. We have chosen to be sole benefactors of a diminishing inheritance forgetting the generations to come and the dreams of our hero's past. It has become a norm to use one's position to serve as a means to eat from the 'national cake' and accepted greed as a value system and a measure for smart and successful individuals. The few ones that stand out and refuse this ugly mindset are seen as foolish and ostracized from society.
A great cause of this cancerous tumour called greed that has eaten so greatly into society is the state of dying moral standards. Its ripple effect was the birth of greed. Time needs to be retraced and we need to ponder and return to a time when thieves were not celebrated as rulers and patriotism was the passcode. A time when wrongdoing was punished and perpetrators were not left to parade their ill-acquired wealth. A time when justice was the air we breathe. Morality breeds accountability which is needed to rid society of greed. A government that feels accountable to the people would ensure a sanctity that births a new nation. In the same vein, the leaders who fought for independence are now the fore frontiers of corruption. Their insistence and refusal to support the youth in stepping into governance have stood as a drawback in morphing the country and integrating the minds of today into governance. The leaders of tomorrow are yet to be given a chance.
Phenomenons like "the great wall of Benin" and "the groundnut pyramids of Kano" were proud heritage edifices that were built on the possibilities we could achieve with a set goal and united front. However, our agricultural prowess has been relegated to the background since the discovery of crude oil in 1956, which caused redundancy in appreciating our agricultural gift. Our cocoa and Rubber plantations are only but a few of these agricultural products that have suffered the effect of this negligence. Furthermore, in the cause of creating the constitution, there was a vision. With the recent turn of events such as the Lekki shooting, one would ask, who does the constitution truly protect? This has planted doubt in the minds of the people against the government. This reemphasizes the need for accountability between the people and the government.
In the midst of the gloom, the sun peaks at us, and a gleam of hope for the ones to come shines at a new dawn. It is time to rise and refuse the apathy that has allowed greed to strive for a place of influence. Citizens should feel the burning need to fight the stereotypes and step up into positions of authority without the resolution of loss before trying. The 'other person’ should not be responsible but everyone should feel responsible for the nation's development and growth. To maintain our development, we should not forget the principles that grew us to where we are.
Importantly, the sole reliance on crude oil as a major export should stop and the economy needs diversification. Thankfully, steps towards the practicality of this and bringing it to reality have begun but the pace I must say is rather slow and lackadaisical. There is so much to be considered to take us to where we want to be in which most likely, a large percentage of the population is aware of this fact but the question is "who is listening?"


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Katherine W. Bauer, Ph.D., of the Center for Obesity Research and Education at Temple University in Philadelphia, and colleagues evaluated the change in energy content of lunch and dinner menu offerings at eight of the leading fast-food restaurant chains in the U.S. between 1997 to 1998 and 2009 to 2010.
Over the 14-year study period, the researchers found that there was a 53% increase in the number of lunch/dinner menu items. Across the study period, the median energy content of all menu items remained relatively stable. Within specific food categories there was an increase in the median energy content of desserts and condiments, a decrease in the energy content of side dishes, and no change in the energy content of main dishes and drinks.
"Despite increasing pressure and legislation directed toward the fast-food industry to improve the healthfulness of their menus, as well as statements by the fast-food industry that indicate they are increasingly providing healthful food to consumers, overall the energy content of fast-food menu offerings has not decreased over the past 14 years at the leading fast-food chain restaurants examined in the current study," the authors write.

domain: food


NEW JERSEY - The federal government will recommend flood control measures including storm surge barriers, floodwalls, and elevating homes and other buildings in a report later this year on combating back bay flooding, a major problem in New Jersey that gets comparatively less attention than oceanfront storm surge.
Since Nov. 2016, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been studying ways to reduce or prevent flooding along back bays in New Jersey and elsewhere. Governments in Massachusetts, California, Florida and Maine are among those that also have grappled with the issue.
Such flooding caused major damage on the East Coast during Superstorm Sandy in 2012, even though more attention was paid to damage from oceanfront waves pounding on the beachfront.
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By contrast, back bay flooding is gradual and insidious, creeping up on areas fronting on bays or places with tributaries that swell with flood water and inundate homes and businesses.
J. Bailey Smith, an Army Corps coastal expert overseeing the study, said on Monday that the agency will present its recommendations in July. During a webinar hosted by a special panel of the New Jersey state Assembly, Smith said the recommendations will include storm surge barriers, floodwalls, elevations, and other features.
The Army Corps and state government have been building dunes and replenishing beaches for more than 30 years as a way to protect against deadly storms along the oceanfront.
"We often get asked why isn’t there a similar solution already in place on the back bays," Smith said. "Along the oceanfront, dunes and berms reduce damages and inundation associated with wave attack and storm surge. Along the back bays, the problem is tied to storm surge pouring through coastal inlets and raising the water surface elevation in the bay."
In an interim report in March 2019, the Army Corps floated the possibility of storm surge gates across popular and widely used inlets up and down the Jersey Shore, including the Manasquan, Barnegat, Absecon and Great Egg Harbor inlets.
Similar barriers have been proposed for waterways in New York like those already in place along the Mississippi River and in Venice, Holland and England. But other places, including Boston, considered the idea but decided the cost outweighs the benefits.
Homes line the edge of Manahawkin Bay as the sunsets, Sunday, Feb. 21, 2021, in Long Beach Township, N.J. (AP Photo/Wayne Parry)
Some environmental groups oppose such barriers, fearing the structures would restrict the tidal flow and sediment transport, and impede the migration of fish, including striped bass.
"The potential solutions to this problem are very different from on the oceanfront," Smith said. "These potential solutions are much more complex and costly, but there is a clear need to consider and evaluate all options and that’s what the New Jersey Back Bays Study aims to do."
Natural solutions including so-called "living shorelines," reefs, wetland restoration and submerged aquatic vegetation are also mentioned as possible solutions.
Shawn LaTourette, New Jersey's acting environmental protection commissioner, said sea levels are rising at a faster rate in New Jersey than in many other places. He said pollutants such as heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are contributing to the higher water levels.
"It is coming, no matter what we do," he said.
The study actually ran short of money and was halted in the fall of 2019. But Smith and other Army Corps officials said new funding should be in place shortly, and the study can resume once an Army assistant secretary approves it.
It would be 2030 at the earliest before construction could begin on the project, which would still have to be approved and funded by Congress.
"The potential solutions are costly," Smith said. "However, the cost of doing nothing is also staggering."
Follow Wayne Parry at http://twitter.com/WayneParryAC


This is a discussion on lcr? within the Defensive Carry Guns forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; the trigger in itself is a good enough excuse and the reason that my wife got one. The trigger design is sweet for a snubby. ...
December 18th, 2011 02:33 PM
the trigger in itself is a good enough excuse and the reason that my wife got one. The trigger design is sweet for a snubby. She had a hard time with the other DAO snubs, but the trigger on the lcr is THE reason she bought it. Im not a snubby guy myself but I would have to go with the 357 lcr if I was.
Be careful what you wish for. You just might get it ......
December 18th, 2011 04:07 PM
There is a huge following for the LCR on this forum. And yes, I am included in that following. I love my LCR.
December 18th, 2011 05:15 PM
Originally Posted by TX expat
If you want it.. that is all the justification you need....
Go forth and buy it and don't look back young man
December 18th, 2011 06:56 PM
It's a Ruger...and it has a great trigger. That's TWO reasons for you. Good Luck making your call.
"We deal in lead friend">Steve McQueen The Magnificent Seven
82d Abn(1983-86)OIF 2007-08
Glock 19&26/ Colt Gov't & OM/Ruger SP101
Retired NYS LEO / NRA Life Member
Still Love Ya Sarah !
"no kidding,gun slinging,spurs hitting the floor"
December 18th, 2011 09:01 PM
I liked the gun but my intent was a pocket gun so I went with the S&W 638. It is not as thick or long so it hides well. I also have a 637 S&W but it has a 2.5" barrel and is best IWB and not a s a pocket gun. I think I would have to go with the LCR for a 357 as it does have a better grip size for the follow-up shot control.
As already stated, and I could not agree more, if it fits your hand- it's a Ruger, what more do you need.
Be safe, Frank.
December 20th, 2011 02:40 AM
I really like my .38 special LCR. Its very light, and I use it for pocket carry sometimes. Recoil isn't bad at all with the fat rubber grip on there. I've had no problems with mine at all.
December 20th, 2011 05:41 PM
Ditto. I got one in .38spl for my wife to carry. She originally had a S&W 642, but the trigger was too heavy for her to reliably shoot. The LCR has an amazingly smooth, light trigger for a DAO revolver.
Originally Posted by VBVAGUY
December 20th, 2011 05:53 PM
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So it was off to Cardiff for me again to see the Welsh leg of the Trash Boat/Blood Youth joint headline tour. Last time I went to the downstairs room in Clwb Ifor Bach was for a intimate meet and greet and acoustic show with American pop-punkers Set It Off, with the main event being held in the larger room upstairs. So to see a proper gig in the small room without a stage was going to be a different experience.
Opening the show was Welsh pop-rockers Glass Giants, the Cynon Valley five-piece were without bassist Anson Day, who’s shoes were superbly filled by Falling With Style’s Ben Elliott (who is making a habit of stepping in as this followed an appearance on stage with When We Were Wolves at 2000 Trees!). The set included fan favourites D.A.N.C.E and Runaway. The stage (if it could be called a stage) was too small to keep the bundles of energy frontman Ross Dixon had, however the set had the crowd buzzing from start to finish.
Next up were Pontypridd post-hardcore quintet Falling With Style, with Ben back on his own bands bass. At times it was hard to hear the impressive vocals from young frontman Lucas Woodland, however their infectious energy and super guitar riffs were enough to keep the crowd entertained during the six song set which included tracks Half Measures and Daylight from their EP “Lost and Found”.
First of the headliners were Hertfordshire based pop-punkers Trash Boat. Their energetic stage presence and intriguing take on the genre showed why Hopeless Records snapped them up alongside British pop-punk acts including Roam and Neck Deep and American giants All Time Low. The ever-attentive crowd were treated to a nine-track set including fan-fvourites Perspective and Boneless and current single Eleven which is also featured on Kerrang Fresh Blood this week. Vocalist Tobi Duncan’s powerful vocals combined with the energy of his bandmates, made for a brilliant set worthy of a larger venue.
Closing the show was Lincoln bred melodic hardcore quintet Blood Youth. The band, formerly known as Climates before the departure of vocalist Wes Thompson in late 2014, truly brought the party with props including prehistoric dinosaurs and summer palm tree inflatables. New vocalist Kaya Tarsus showed the new lease of life brought to the band with a lively performance of hits including Failure and Dead Space. The band, seemed in the zone in what was one of their early shows in what is sure to be a long career for the Rude Records backed five-piece.


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Middle Back Pain, symptoms, causes, treatment, Surgeries
Middle back pain can be any kind of pain or discomfort around the lower and middle back, which called the thoracic area or lower thoracic spine. The upper thoracic makes the upper back and lumbar spine make up part of the lower back.
Our middle back consists of the spinal cord, nerves, discs, muscles, blood vessels, ligaments, and tendons. The structure in the spine become irritated or inflamed in severe conditions. Back middle pain causes injuries, poor posture, arthritis, muscle strain, and car accident injuries. However, it is not common like upper and lowers middle back pain because the spine does not move as much as the lower back.
Middle back pain mostly remains lasting for more than three months. In some cases, acute back pain can resolve in some days, and in persistent conditions, more serious problems can occur.
Let’s talk about all the symptoms or causes of middle back pain. These could be prevented if we take care of ourselves with timely diagnosis or treatment. If the severe condition occurs, then it can be life-threatening too. Most of the people suffer who older than 30 years, overweight, lack of physical activity, etc. No matter what’s the cause, it would be best if you never ignored the symptoms.
Middle back pain symptoms
Middle back pain symptoms relay on the underlying disease such as pain back due to arthritis can cause more pain in the joints. Back pain is a major symptom of fibromyalgia associated with fatigue and sleep problems. The most common middle back pain symptoms are
- Fatigue Fever
- Morning Stiffness
- Muscle aches
- Warmth or swelling of the back
- Sleeping problems
In worse conditions, middle back pain can cause some life-threatening conditions like a heart attack. Besides, in other life-threatening conditions, chest pain, tightness or pressure, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, jaw pain, loss of bladder, bowel control, severe abdominal pain, weakness, paralysis, numbness in the legs.
Middle back pain causes
The middle back pain consists of bony structures or thoracic spine called vertebrae, which surrounding the nerves of the spinal cord. Between the vertebrae, there are spongy sacs of cartilage, which called discs. Moreover, muscles, ligaments, and muscles provide support to the back.
The mild to severe pain happens mostly during sudden movement during sports activities. People on a sedentary lifestyle are at more risk of these types of sprains and strains.
Besides these, middle back pain also happens due to some serious conditions like spondylitis, fibromyalgia, or herniated disc. Also, the problem in other parts of the body, also referred to as middle back pain.
Poor posture or repeated pressure can cause middle back pain. The ligaments and muscles in the back keep you in a balanced position.
According to some researches, weight and lower back pain have a correlation between back pain and obesity. If your weight increases, your back pain also increases.
Muscle strain and sprain
Sprains are known as stretching or tearing the ligaments, and strains are tearing or stretching of muscles and tendons. Lifting heavy objects without proper form can cause strain or sprain their back.
Fall or Other injury
The middle back is less experience injury than the cervical spine and lumbar spine. It is more rigid and structured, and most of these injuries occur because of hard fall, a car accident, blunt force trauma, and sports accident.
A herniated disc occurs when the under the gel-like core of a disc in your back pushes against the outer ring of cartilage that puts pressure on a nerve. These herniated discs are called slipped disks or ruptured disc. The pressure on the nerve happens in the result of pain, numbness, or tingling.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder that occurs when the joints break down. It is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States.
Mostly old people experience back pain and mostly age between 30-50 years old people suffer. In the aging process, thinning bones, reduction in muscle mass, reduction of fluid between joints in the spine.
Endometriosis is a medical condition of tissues like to the lining of the uterus grows in other body parts like fallopian, ovaries, vagina, and cervix. Endometriosis upper and middle back pain left side to occur and, in its symptoms, painful cramps during menstruation, pain during or after vaginal intercourse, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, nausea, bowel movements issues are included.
Fractures occur when fall, car accident, or sports injury. These are more common in people with reduced bone density, like people with OA.
Fractures cause severe middle back pain when you experience incontinence, tingling, numbness. Fractures require immediate treatment and, in these treatments, options wearing a brace, physical therapy, and surgery included.
How to Diagnose Middle Back Pain?
The first doctor sees your symptoms and so physical examination. After that, he can order an imaging test, an X-ray or MRI to diagnose the exact problem.
Middle back pain treatment
Middle back pain treatment relies on the cause of the pain because it is common. Many people try to treat first at home with some inexpensive and noninvasive treatment methods.
However, it is just for mild problems; these home remedies can’t help in severe cases. In the most common home remedies ice, the area and appl hear is included for middle back pain relief. To take over the counter pain medications like ibuprofen, naproxen which reduce the swelling and pain.
Strengthen and stretch the back muscles by doing some exercises like yoga. For getting Middle back pain relief, the following tips could be helpful for you such as avoid slouching, keep shoulders back when standing, standing for a long time of periods, try for good posture.
Now talk about other medical treatment. If your Middle back pain remains for over 72 hours, then you must go to the physician. They recommend physical therapy, suggest pain relievers or muscle relaxers and steroid injections.
Besides, all surgeries are another option to get relief from middle back pain, but it always recommends in most severe cases. The one drawback of these surgeries is that it takes so long time to recover.
In surgeries of Middle back pain relief, Laminectomy, Laminotomy, and Diskectomy are included. All these are different; In Laminectomy, the entire lamina, back wall of vertebrae, and decompress the spinal cord removed. The part of the lamina removes in laminotomy to alleviate the pinched nerve. Moreover, in Discectomy surgery, the spinal disc part removes to alleviate a pinched nerve.
Many heated patches are designed to middle back pain relief, which provides up to 8 hours of localized pain-relieving heat. These patches are effective ones that not only relieve pain also relax your muscles. Many pain-relieving medicines are available; you can ask your doctor which one is best for you that can relieve middle back pain. Some topical medicines are also available that reduces inflammation. These topicals inhibit prostaglandin synthesis that causes inflammation, so in this way, it helps to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Moreover, you can consult a pharmacist and get proper guidelines.
Upper middle back pain
Upper and middle back pain occurs from the base of your neck to the bottom of your rib cage. The ribs are attached to the flat bone in the center of the chest, which called the sternum. When any nerve of this area pinched, irritated, or injured, you feel pain in other places when this nerve travels in your arms, legs, chest, and belly. Upper middle back pain is not so common, like low back or neck pain. It is because the bones do not move much in this area, just like in our lower back or neck. Moreover, they attach with ribs so protect the vital organs such as the heart and lungs. The most common symptoms of upper middle back pain are dull, burning, or sharp pain, muscle tightness or stiffness. Besides, in more serious symptoms, weakness of arms or legs, numbness or tingling in arms, legs or belly, loss of bowel or bladder control are included.
Back Pain on One side
Sometimes, the pain comes suddenly on the middle back pain left side or middle back pain right side. Almost 80 % population in the United States have middle back pain in which upper middle back pain, middle back pain right side, middle back pain left side. When pain occurs to one side, you wonder what exactly is going on. Injuries happen in the muscles, discs, joints, which most common cause of back pain on one side.
Mostly due to tissue injuries, middle back pain on the right side or left side happens. Moreover, muscle strains are the most common cause of one side pain. The pain on the right side or left side comes from the organs in your middle back, abdominal, and pelvic area. The pain in these areas causes infection, inflammation, or irritation, which affected organs like Kidneys, Pancreas, Colon, and Uterus.
You must take the serious right or left side pain because sometimes it can lead to you in serious health problems. A serious nerve condition is called cauda equina syndrome, in which nerve compression at the end of the spinal cord. Bone and muscle issues cause middle back pain left side. A muscle strain occurs due to overworking or heavy lifting, which causes upper back middle pain.
If you experience any kind of a pain in the back or having some symptoms, there could be issues related to an internal organ. In these problems, intestinal inflammation of the colon is included, which shows the symptoms of digestive problems, weight change, or cramping.
Kidneys: kidney stones also cause one-sided back pain that occurs between the bottom of the rib cage and hips. Due to pain in kidneys, you have experience of other symptoms like pain during urination or blood in the urine.
Uterus: middle back pain right side can also due to fibroids or endometriosis. Mostly women suffer from uterus pain and experience menstrual irregularities, frequent urination, and painful intercourse included.
How to Prevent Middle Back Pain?
A car accident can cause middle back pain, so to protect your spine from middle back pain, you must try some good things.
Change your sleeping posture: If you sleep straight on the back that misaligning your spine and cause middle back pain. Then you must try some other sleeping position so that you can prevent this. Try to sleep on the side with a pillow between knees and sleeping in the fetal position.
Adjust the posture: Maintain good posture that can prevent muscle breakdown and allows then to strengthen. You must be standing and sitting straight, lower your chair height, moving to compute screens to eye level; all these can improve posture.
See a physical therapist: For core strength, posture, spinal mobility, and endurance ensure good health. A physical therapist will improve your strength and movement.
In this world, due to overloading or work can cause back pain, and mostly middle back pain occurs. In this article, we talked about all the causes and symptoms of middle back pain that sometimes could be more severe. The severe conditions cause more complicated health problems, even lead to a heart attack. Therefore, you should never be ignored the symptoms and get proper treatment at the time. Moreover, sometimes back pain occurs due to poor lifestyle or posture or lack of physical activity. So, for this purpose, you can see the section on how to prevent middle back pain and know how you can stay away from back pain by yourself. Besides, home remedies and other treatments are given so you can consult your doctor and get to know what it is and how it could be prevented.

domain: medical


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Dhe health insurance doctors are demanding a recommendation from the Standing Vaccination Commission (STIKO) for booster vaccinations against the coronavirus. Andreas Gassen, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians, said on Wednesday in the rbb’s Inforadio that he hopes that the STIKO will make a corresponding recommendation relatively soon. That would make it easier for everyone – also when discussing with patients.
On the subject of who would be eligible for a third vaccination, Gassen said: “In principle, it is assumed that booster vaccinations make sense for all people who had a weaker immune response and therefore possibly a declining vaccination effect. These are usually very old or immunocompromised people. ”However, there has not yet been a clear scientific position on this.
The SPD health expert Karl Lauterbach also called for corresponding specifications for the so-called booster vaccinations. Politicians must “now make a clear announcement which groups are first in line with the booster vaccinations,” he told the newspapers of the Funke media group. It must be clear which age groups are involved and for which risk factors a third vaccination is indicated.
At the same time, Lauterbach asked for clarification as to who would have to wait for a booster vaccination for the time being. Otherwise people would be vaccinated “who shouldn’t even get the third dose. As a result, those who currently need the booster vaccination most urgently are pushed back, ”warned the health politician and doctor.
Booster vaccination starts in Baden-Württemberg and Hesse
Baden-Württemberg is already rushing ahead: the booster vaccinations are already being offered here from today. Initially, only certain groups of people are permitted for the booster vaccination. Eligible for vaccination are people over 80 years of age, people in need of care who live in their own home and people with an immunodeficiency. The prerequisite for the booster is that the second vaccination was at least six months ago.
Regardless of age or previous illnesses, anyone who has previously only been vaccinated with a so-called vector vaccine from AstraZeneca or Johnson & Johnson can be vaccinated. According to the RKI, that is around 750,000 people in Baden-Württemberg.
Hessen is also starting today with the Corona booster vaccination for people in need of care, people with disabilities and seniors over 80 years of age. Here, the mobile teams of the vaccination centers are supposed to support the general practitioners and care facilities in vaccinating the booster.
Incidence varies slightly
The seven-day incidence of new infections has increased slightly again. According to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) on Wednesday morning, it was 75.7. The day before, the value had fallen again for a long time and was 74.8. A week ago it was 61.3. The health authorities in Germany reported 13,531 new infections to the RKI within one day. A week ago the value was 11,561 infections.
According to the new information, 23 deaths were recorded across Germany within 24 hours. A week ago there were 39 deaths. The RKI has counted 3,956,387 detected infections with Sars-CoV-2 since the beginning of the pandemic. The actual total number is likely to be significantly higher, as many infections are not recognized.
The RKI stated the number of those who had recovered on Wednesday morning as 3,744,600. The number of people who died with or with a proven infection with Sars-CoV-2 rose to 92,223.


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“Eat Bulaga” hosts Vic Sotto and Pauleen Luna have been making the most out of their vacation with their baby girl Tali as they flew to the United States to visit some of the famous tourist spots in the country.
in Pauleen’s recent Instagram post, she shared sweet photos of her and her husband Vic as they posed together while at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
In one photo, the couple even shared a sweet kiss followed by a photo of their daughter Tali’s reaction.
Pauleen wrote: “Quick mommy and daddy photo op at LACMA today. Swipe to see Tali’s reaction ?”

domain: celebrity


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TRY CRAFTSY UNLIMITED | Watch everything free
You are using an unsupported browser.
What are you most proud of?
took me about 2 hours :) to draw out and calculate a pattern to the final top stitch
What advice would you give someone starting this project?
easy fast baby quilt :)
Pootsie made Lisa baby with:
No completed Q&As yet.

domain: hobby


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Рекомендуют 90 местных жителей ·
Почему местные жители рекомендуют
My teenage daughter talked me into doing the BridgeClimb. I generally don’t like walking, or heights, but this experience is truly awesome. You learn a lot about the history of the city and how the Harbour Bridge was built, and you get to enjoy spectacular views of Sydney and the harbour from the top. It’s a special and bonding experience. There are a number of different climbs on offer, including a short 1.5-hour sampler where you only go halfway up, as well as one that goes all the way to the top—more than 1,300 steps—in 3.5 hours. I recommend booking a climb at sunset, when it’s unbelievably scenic and peaceful.
Советы местных жителей
An amazing experience. Climb the sydney harbour bridge in safety and enjoy spectacular views of the harbour and beyond.
Tour company guiding visitors on climbs up the iconic Sydney Harbor Bridge for stunning city views.
Feeling adventurous? Do the famous BridgeClimb and see the best views across Sydney from the from the staggering height atop the Harbour Bridge.
Уникальные занятия поблизости
Рекомендации местных жителей
“Worth the visit. Taronga is the largest Australian zoo and is committed to the conservation of native species. A short bus ride to central station, catch a train to circular quay and then a ferry ride to the zoo. Around 50 minutes.”
- Рекомендуют 294 местных жителя
“Visit the famous Sydney Opera House...one hour to walk there or catch the train from Redfern to Circular Quay”
- Рекомендуют 614 местных жителей
“Vibrant open-air waterfront market, held each weekend, with stalls for local crafts & street food.”
- Рекомендуют 85 местных жителей
“If modern art is your bag, see this museum. You can walk there in 40 minutes or if you want to do a gallery day, it’s a 20 minutes walk to the Art Gallery of NSW in the morning and a further 20 minutes’ walk to MCA in the afternoon. Afterwards you might have a drink at one of the many watering holes in The Rocks.”
- Рекомендуют 306 местных жителей
“Australia's most iconic bar. Australian producers are the heroes of the food, wine, and cocktail menus all designed to enjoy in the sunshine against the stellar harbourfront backdrop.”
- Рекомендует 221 местный житель

domain: geography


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Thursday, October 16, 2003
Famous Quote | Famous Quotes | Famous Quotations | Famous Quotation | Fairy Tales | Nursery Rhymes | Aesops's Fables | Christmas Sites
Monday, October 13, 2003
I am only one. But still I am one. I cannot do everything, but still I can do something. And because I cannot do everything, I will not refuse to do the something that I can do.
--Edward E Hale
Sunday, October 12, 2003
Writing by any other name can be an act of cowardice - www.smh.com.au: "Signing off as anonymous is a way of avoiding responsibility for the potentially hurtful effect of words, writes Miriam Zolin.
Many of us receive daily batches of the unsolicited emails that we know as 'spam'. The thing that makes spam particularly vile is the same thing that frees the spam-senders from responsibility - spammers are anonymous and hide behind pseudonyms."
Teller Writing Book on Omaha Magician (washingtonpost.com): "David P. Abbott, who died in 1934, delighted guests with magic at his home in the early 1900s and investigated spiritual mediums and other magicians, writing about their techniques.
'People like Houdini would stop by to see what tricks Abbott knew,' Teller told the Omaha World-Herald. "

domain: literature


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FIND YOUR RHYTHM: Brown and white North American Monterey Mushrooms are freshly hand-picked, then low temperature crisped to ensure they’re perfectly crunchy and packed full of Vitamins D, B2, B4, Fiber and Folic Acid.
WHAT MAKES US SUPER: Some folks throw the term ‘superfood’ around as a buzzword, but to us, it’s much more. It’s our name. It defines who we are, and what we offer — and it all begins with the nutrient density and integrity of our ingredients. They’re what make us super.
BALANCE & HARMONY: A positive mind, eating right, and staying active can make all the difference. From vegetarian to gluten-free to non-GMO, our snacks help you find that healthy groove.
SIMPLE INGREDIENTS: Nutrient-dense superfoods: Vegan and an excellent source of Vitamins D and B and a great source Fiber. There’s nothing more to it.


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J was an African American child residing in an impoverished community on the South Side of Chicago. Her parents and her grandparents had less than a high school education. J’s mother was unemployed and suffered from a mental illness, so she was sometimes institutionalized. J never really knew her father. She also never really knew that she was born into poverty, although she and her sibling lived in substandard housing with grandparents with limited education and income, struggling to survive. Families in the surrounding low-income neighborhoods were struggling as well.
J attended elementary school, but her world began to unravel when both of her grandparents died. The lack of support and resources to attend school led J to drop out during the seventh grade. She didn’t have health insurance. The family had access to healthcare at the local county hospital, but J did not have a primary care provider or pediatrician to guide her healthcare during her developing years, so she didn’t have access to ongoing wellness or health promotion education.
J lived in a neighborhood without access to affordable fruits and vegetables and experienced many years of eating unhealthy fast foods, which brought with them the increased risk of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and even cancer—all of which disproportionately affect African Americans. J also recalled a brief period of food insecurity. When her family fell on hard times, she even experienced a short bout of homelessness. After her mother was deemed unfit for parenting and they were evicted from her family’s apartment, J was placed into foster care at age 11.
J’s story is all too familiar for many families across our country today. I often tell it at the beginning of a presentation I give to nurses about the social determinants of health—the social and economic factors that are known to influence the health and longevity of individuals and communities at large. Born to poor parents, J was already at risk for a number of health disparities and inequities. Childhood poverty remains a significant predictor of future poverty status, and African American children are among those hardest hit. We know that poverty limits access to healthy foods and safe neighborhoods. We also know that in communities with unstable housing, low-income and unsafe neighborhoods, substandard education, low health literacy, and lack of access to healthcare, health outcomes are strikingly poor.1
We all are impacted by the social determinants of health: those social, economic, and even political factors that influence our lives, our environments, our resources, where we live, where we work, and more. Those factors can impact the health and well-being of patients and communities in positive and negative ways. Before I continue with the story of J, I’d like to explore the relationship between determinants and health outcomes, describe some of the progress in addressing the adverse impacts of the social determinants of health, and consider the implications for nursing practice, research, and education and advocacy.
Defining Our Terms
We can’t talk about the determinants of health without talking about health equity and vice versa—but it’s important to understand the difference between them. When we talk about health equity, we mean that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible, which requires that we remove the obstacles to those opportunities: poverty, discrimination, and their consequences; powerlessness; and lack of access to good jobs with fair pay, quality education, adequate housing, safe environments, and healthcare. Working for health equity includes a focus on those conditions that drive health inequities, particularly among our underserved, under-resourced, marginalized, and otherwise excluded populations.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) defines health disparities as racial or ethnic differences in the quality of healthcare treatment that are not due to what we normally might expect: they’re not caused by access factors, clinical needs, patient preferences, or even what we do as an intervention.2 Health disparities are similar to health inequities in that both mean differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to healthcare between population groups. But unavoidability is central to the definition. Some people experience health disparities because of policies and practices they cannot avoid.
Health equity and health disparities are closely related. Health equity embodies the ethical and human rights principle. It’s the value that motivates us to eliminate health disparities or to focus on key determinants of health like education, housing, and discrimination. Without addressing some of these variables that drive health disparities, we will never achieve health equity. Determining the presence of, absence of, or decrease in health disparities are some of the ways we can measure how much progress we’re making toward achieving health equity.
It’s also important to work from a shared understanding of the social determinants of health. One common framework from the World Health Organization describes the social determinants of health as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age.”3 Those social, economic, and political factors that influence where we live and what we have access to are shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at local, state, and global levels. We see the truth of this every single day. Some communities have more resources than others, buoyed by economics, policies, systems, and environments. Certain communities are struggling with environmental toxins and pollutants,* while others have different regulations and policies that drive their access to a safe and clean environment.
We’re talking about the social determinants of health because we are finally recognizing that while excellent healthcare is very important, it’s not enough. Even with the amount of money that we spend on healthcare in the United States, we are lagging behind in some key indicators.4 We’re far behind some other countries in maternal health outcomes, even though we have experts and state-of-the-art technology and facilities.5 Our life expectancy is lower than comparable countries.6 Medical care is insufficient for ensuring better health.
Understanding Health Outcomes
The social determinants of health have a lot more to do with life expectancy and quality of life than we might expect. According to population health researchers at the University of Wisconsin, only 20 percent of individual health outcomes are related to clinical care, including access to care and quality of care.7 (See the graphic below for more details.) As providers of care, we are all striving to give our patients the best clinical care, which is very important—but perhaps it’s time to ask what else we could do.
Individual health behaviors—such as diet and exercise, tobacco use, alcohol and drug use, and sexual activity—account for about 30 percent of a person’s health outcomes. On the other hand, about 40 percent of a person’s health outcomes are directly tied to social and economic factors, including education, employment, income, family and social support, and community safety. And, of course, these factors are interrelated. Individuals with a higher level of education are more likely to have jobs that pay a livable wage and therefore are more likely to have health insurance. Individuals with higher-paying jobs have more money to take care of basic needs like food and housing. Individuals with family and social support may be more likely to engage in health-promoting activities because they have the help they need to get to and from a doctor’s appointment or someone in their lives who is nudging them to take better care of themselves. And individuals who live in environments where they can walk freely spend time outside, getting fresh air and exercise.
The physical environment also accounts for about 10 percent of an individual’s health outcomes. Poor air quality and poor water quality are not just problems in developing countries; we have these issues in our own backyards. In certain areas of the West Side and the far South Side of Chicago, for example, there are higher rates of asthma8 among our children because those neighborhoods are surrounded by refineries and other sources of air pollution. The quality of available housing and transportation is also important. How can we expect anyone to thrive or to experience optimal health while living in rat-infested or lead-contaminated dwellings? And do we have access to the transportation we need to get to and from our appointments and our jobs, or to just go about our daily lives?
All of these factors influence health outcomes, and they’re all connected, primarily centered in where a person lives. The neighborhood you live in determines
- how much money your community has to invest in schools, libraries, and other resources;
- how easily you can access primary care providers, healthy foods, safe and sanitary housing, and other necessities for health;
- the safety and walkability of your community;
- the availability of reliable, affordable public transportation;
- the degree of racial and ethnic segregation; and
- the quality of the air you breathe and the water you drink and use to shower, cook, wash your clothes, and brush your teeth.
Here’s one powerful example: individuals who live in the downtown Chicago area have a life expectancy of about 85 years.9 Compared with the rest of Chicago, they tend to have higher incomes, better jobs, higher levels of education, and better access to community resources and healthcare providers. They are mostly white.10 But just a few stops away by public transit is a majority Black neighborhood called East Garfield Park, where the life expectancy decreases to about 66 years.11 Those individuals have far fewer resources. Fewer residents have completed college, and they tend to have poor health literacy. Many live in substandard housing and don’t make a livable wage.12 It’s no wonder that their life expectancy is not the same as those who reside in a much more affluent area of the city. (To learn more about East Garfield Park, see the excerpt of the 2022 community health needs assessment by Rush University Medical Center and Rush Oak Park Hospital below.)
When the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, everyone talked about its disproportionate impact on communities of color across our country; these communities suffered the greatest burden of disease and poor outcomes. Many individuals had public-facing jobs and didn’t have the luxury of working remotely. Some were living in very crowded housing situations with increased exposure to and risk of contracting the virus. But as the example above shows, communities of color have long had adverse health outcomes and experienced these living conditions even before the pandemic. COVID-19 just unveiled these underlying inequities.13
Many healthcare institutions, insurers, and other stakeholders are now turning to these critical issues. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services now requires hospitals to start screening some of their patients for the determinants of health, and community-based healthcare centers are following suit. They’re asking questions like
- Do you currently have a place to live or stay? In the next two months, will you have a place to live or stay?
- Are you worried that your food will run out before you have money to buy more? In the last two months, have you run out of food that you bought and did not have money to get more?
There was a time when we didn’t ask these types of assessment questions. But that’s beginning to change as more people come to understand the importance of the social determinants of health. For example, while some health systems are working with local restaurants and convenience stores to make sure that residents have access to healthy food, others are developing safe and affordable housing. These institutions are taking on this work because they’re starting to ask themselves, “What can we do to improve health outcomes and broaden our lens beyond clinical care to address unmet social needs?”
Moving Beyond the Essentials
Once we understand the roles these factors play, we have to start looking at the influence of policy. What are the political determinants that define whether we can achieve health equity? As clinicians, we can provide care at the point of illness, and we can offer interventions on an individual level when we screen patients and coordinate services with social workers and case managers. But the real impact comes when we address community needs and try to prevent harm from occurring by taking a critical look at the laws, policies, and regulations that can have such a dramatic impact on overall community conditions. With an equity lens, we can ask questions like: What do those laws, policies, and regulations say? Who benefits from them? Who might be adversely impacted by them? Who was at the table to help create them? That’s where the rubber really meets the road.
Recognizing the Political Determinants of Health
If we are serious about eliminating health disparities, we have to get to the root of the problems that create them—what have been described as the political determinants of health.14 We can’t talk about food security unless we talk about food deserts, areas with limited access to a variety of affordable healthy foods.15 We can’t advance health equity if we overlook people who are unhoused or living in substandard housing or who don’t have jobs that provide a living wage. Only by understanding these determinants, their origins, and their impact on equitable distribution of opportunities and resources will we be able to close the healthcare gap.
When we think about changing policies, most of us probably think about federal policy, but we don’t all have to go to Capitol Hill to make a difference. What happens on the federal level does impact what happens at state and local levels, but we can use our health expertise much closer to home to advocate for policies that will improve health outcomes. In Illinois, for example, the Health Care and Human Services Reform Act, signed into law in 2021, focuses on improving health equity and the health and well-being of Illinois residents.16 There are many more opportunities at the state, city, and local levels, and all of us who work in healthcare can make valuable contributions by sharing our expertise.
Taking Action: What We Can Do
We have made some advances in the movement toward health equity. There is increased awareness about the determinants of health, more integration of this content into our nursing educational programs, and movement in healthcare institutions, the insurance industry, and the policy arena. But the determinants of health are just one steppingstone to achieving health equity, and we all have a part to play.
A 2021 report, The Future of Nursing 2020–2030,17 talks about the invaluable role of nurses and nursing in achieving health equity. It discusses what we as a profession need to do and what we can work on in our everyday practice as we strive to provide all our patients with affordable, equitable, and quality care. It’s not just about access to care. We also have to make sure that our care is culturally relevant and addresses the individual needs of each patient. Once a patient overcomes the hurdle of accessing care, they may face additional struggles: Do they always understand what’s going on with their care? Do they feel empowered and trust providers and others enough to ask the questions they need answered? Our patients face these struggles every day. And we as health professionals can unwittingly make these problems worse—or we can fight to make them better.
Making them better requires that we take a good hard look at ourselves. As you begin to consider what role you might play, pause for a few moments to think about these questions.
- To what extent do your employer, your local union, your state federation, and other specialty organizations you may be involved with address the determinants of health?
- Are you, as a health professional or a leader, able to take these variables into account in your daily nursing practice?
- What can your organization, your profession or specialty, or your voluntary organizations do in partnership with others to advance health equity?
- What other partners are needed to improve the health outcomes of those we serve?
Health professionals can’t do this work alone. There is an African proverb that says, “When spiderwebs unite, they can tie up a lion.” That just means this is an all-hands-on-deck effort. We will need to join with many other partners to advance health equity, including community-based organizations, faith communities, elected officials, and others also engaged in advancing health equity whom many of us may not have considered before.
Building Effective Partnerships
What can we do in our communities? No matter where we sit or work, we want to make sure that the decision-making body reflects the composition of the populations or constituents we serve. Partnerships are critical in this effort.
Establish a roundtable discussion. You might consider establishing regular discussions about equity issues to stimulate dialogue around what it means to have inequitable access or to experience inequities. Such a discussion could include not only clinicians from multiple disciplines and specialties but everyone who has a stake in the game—e.g., consumers, patients, and elected officials—to describe and discuss these issues and come up with solutions. In these conversations, community perspectives and input should be at the center. In community-based participatory research,† we are trying to engage communities in shaping a research agenda, and the same thing applies to advancing health equity. We need to bring our communities on board, not only to hear what some of the issues are but also to identify some of the solutions, which should be driven by community members’ lived experiences and input.
Analyze policies using an equity lens. There are equity assessment tools emerging now that can help us consider who’s benefiting from policies being proposed or enacted. What are the burdens of the policy? Is one policy going to be more burdensome or detrimental for any groups, particularly any underserved populations? These kinds of assessments look at both narratives and numbers. Paraphrasing Sir Austin Bradford Hill,18 a pioneer of epidemiology, African American cancer surgeon Dr. Harold Freeman once said, “Statistics are just the numbers with the tears washed away.”‡ Statistics are essential, but so are the stories from people who are living every day with these poor environments, poor living conditions, and poor odds of good health.
Attend implicit bias and other anti-racist training. In the state of Illinois, we now have a law that all our healthcare providers must have implicit bias training because we know that some of our patients and communities are still facing racism. They’re not always welcomed when they come to our facilities. Healthcare providers aren’t always sensitive to the conditions they live in or to that lived experience. A recent report from the National Commission to Address Racism in Nursing revealed that there’s a lot of racism in the nursing profession that undermines the good work we’re doing.19 We need to take a step back and assess how we might be further perpetuating these disparities.
Incorporate a community needs assessment into your nursing endeavors. Your employer or other organizations in your community may be required to conduct community health needs assessments. The Affordable Care Act requires that all healthcare organizations that claim tax-exempt status conduct and make public a community health needs assessment and implementation plan every three years. These assessments can provide key information to health professionals, as the example from the Rush University System for Health shows. If I were a nurse working in East Garfield Park, for instance, it would be important for me to know that there is a decreased life expectancy in this community. There are no high-quality, affordable grocery stores or food markets,20 so if my patients are coming into the hospital malnourished or underfed, that could be due to the variety or affordability of the foods they have access to. I would also see that there are few community-based health centers or mental health centers. There are a lot of public and private schools in this community, but what is the quality of those schools? All of this is helpful information.
In my experience, community health needs assessments tend to be underutilized. They can inform us about where our patients are coming from and what they’re living with day to day. They can also help us plan programming and outreach activities that we believe will meet our patients’ needs. If your employer or local hospital doesn’t produce needs assessments, you can also get helpful data from your city, county, or state health department or from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov).
Imagining a Brighter Future
When I give this presentation to nurses, at this point I ask them to return to the story of J. I ask what they think might have happened to her, based on the information they have about the circumstances of her young life—and here I ask you to do the same. Spend a few moments pondering, and perhaps jot down a few notes in the margin about where you think J might have ended up.
Attendees often suggest that the cycle of poverty continued, that J became pregnant as a teenager and had several children, or that she began using drugs, experienced extended homelessness, or had her own mental health struggles. All of these guesses are reasonable based on what we know about people who have had similar experiences.
But I then ask them to imagine what could happen if we changed the script.
Imagine J born into poverty—but somewhere along her journey to adulthood, she received support to finish her education instead of dropping out in seventh grade. Imagine she received financial support to complete her college education, allowing her to secure meaningful employment with benefits and an hourly wage that started at double the minimum wage. She could now afford stable housing, and she had insurance because her employers provided healthcare coverage.
J’s health literacy skills greatly improved because she was able to complete her high school education, which exposed her to more health-related resources and information. She also had a regular primary care clinician who provided lifesaving health information. Her nutritional status improved because once she knew better, she could do better, but also because she had the means to buy more nutritious foods instead of relying exclusively on fast food. Her chances of living a long and healthy life improved because her social and economic status improved.
Today, J attributes these changes to the strong social support she received, particularly from her social worker during her junior year in high school. She feels blessed to have beaten the odds and to have overcome the myriad issues that we know lead to disparities for many children born into poverty. Resiliency was an important factor in improving J’s outcome, but it wasn’t the only factor. She experienced a positive change in the social and economic factors that can adversely influence the health status and health outcomes of any child, any adult, and any community over time.
Education was probably the most powerful determinant of health for J. As discussed earlier, education can influence the opportunity to even get a job, let alone a good one with benefits and insurance. And the higher the level of education, the more likely we are to know more things, to have access to resources, to understand those resources, to navigate the system, and to have a higher degree of health literacy. Demonstrating the importance of political determinants of health, J was only able to get funding to go to college because of a state initiative that provided scholarships to children in foster care. Hers could have been a different narrative, but J met someone along her journey to adulthood who helped to shape and change that narrative and produce a more positive outcome.
Telling a New Story
What I don’t usually tell attendees is that I know so much about J’s story because J is me. We live in the land of plenty, where each person is supposed to have the same opportunities to work hard and succeed, but for far too many children in the United States, that is a myth. Only an estimated 3 to 10 percent of foster youth even finish college, and the numbers for high school graduation also lag far behind other students.21 We hear that narrative pretty often—but we don’t hear about those who do succeed against the odds. Their stories—our stories—have a lot to teach us, too.
It may not make sense to some people, but in some ways I’m grateful for my childhood experiences because I don’t think I would have had access to a social worker who was committed to young people had I been in different circumstances. Without her, I probably would still have lived the typical narrative: dropped out of school, gotten evicted, perhaps even struggled with mental illness. From my perspective, that’s a very dim outlook. But then, this social worker appeared in my life, picked me up, and said, “I think you’ve got some potential. Let me work with you.”
Our world—and our patients—need more people like that social worker: someone who was passionate about their job and cared enough not only for me but for so many others to help make a difference in our lives.
I received state funding to go to college, and I also worked a few campus jobs to get some extra spending money. I entered the nursing program, which was very challenging. Even though I was a good student in high school, in college I was competing with kids from all over the globe who came from better schools, including private schools. It took me two solid years to get into the groove of being a college student. I had to learn how to study. I loved learning how the body worked, but I didn’t like bacteriology or any of the more abstract prerequisite courses. But even though those first few years were hard, I was driven to complete the program because I knew I didn’t have much of another option. I had to stay in school, try to get some support from college administrators (which I was blessed to receive), and get out and do something with myself. I knew that I couldn’t go back to where I was. That was my driving force.
I finished college and went on to get a great job at the University of Chicago making $5.65 an hour, which at that time was more than double the minimum wage. That was a lot of money for someone just out of college in the mid-1970s. It was enough to rent an affordable apartment in a safe neighborhood, buy nutritious foods, and take care of my other basic necessities.
I eventually decided to go back to school for a master’s degree because my medical center offered 100 percent tuition reimbursement. It’s hard to say no to that type of resource. When I graduated and started doing my community work, I fell in love with public health concepts and became fascinated with health disparities work. That’s when I decided to go back to school for a PhD in nursing, and that research led me to places I never imagined. I studied adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines among low- and middle-income Black women, and teachers were my sample of Black women with middle income. Because of that work I met Barbara Van Blake, the former director of the Human Rights and Community Relations Department at the AFT; working as a consultant for the AFT, I traveled the country with Barbara doing breast cancer education.
Since then, I’ve been blessed to travel the globe. I’ve been invited to present my work on disparities and other equity issues on every continent except Antarctica. (I don’t know of any conferences there, but if I’m invited, I’ll go.) And I find time to write books and articles because I feel that’s what I should be doing as a woman with a PhD.
I’m passionate about equity issues, and I’ve met great people and worked with great colleagues and partners along the way to address these issues. In my new role as the assistant director of the Illinois Department of Public Health, I’m excited to address health equity across the state.
When I started this journey, I had no vision, no clue, no road map. But somehow, I found guides. We often talk about mentors, but there are also models. Not everybody can be a mentor, but there are a lot of people who modeled the behaviors that I wanted to emulate. I’ve learned a lot just from watching, reading about, and hearing from these people. They probably don’t even know how they’ve impacted my trajectory, but I have them to thank.
Most nurses attending my presentation expect J’s story to end in tragedy. Very few suggest positive outcomes. But I don’t tell them that J is telling the story because I want them to understand that J could be anyone. I hope they’ll think about J when they encounter patients and other people they don’t know. I hope they’ll consider J before having unkind thoughts or making stereotypical remarks about people. None of us knows the road another person has traveled—or what potential they hold.
Once, I was walking the University of Illinois campus and someone I didn’t know came up to me and told me I was the reason they went back to school. I asked why, and they said, “I’ve always watched you, and you really have inspired me.” We never know who’s watching us. We never know how our words or actions or the way we treat people might inspire someone, give them the hope of doing something more.
Not everybody is going to go to college, but every job—no matter what it is—is important because it helps advance society or keep it running. We want everyone to at least have a decent life, no matter their chosen vocation. And we definitely want people to experience better health. Breaking down those barriers that we know prevent people from achieving better outcomes—that’s part of our mission as health professionals.
Janice Phillips, PhD, RN, CENP, FAAN, is the assistant director of the Illinois Department of Public Health. She was previously the director of nursing research and health equity at Rush University Medical Center and an associate professor in the College of Nursing.
‡Dr. Freeman said this during a talk on poverty and cancer many years ago, and I have carried it with me ever since. (return to article)
1. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, “Healthy People 2030: Social Determinants of Health,” US Department of Health and Human Services, health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health.
2. B. Smedley, A. Stith, and A. Nelson, eds., Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003), 32.
3. World Health Organization, “Social Determinants of Health,” United Nations, who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1.
4. R. Derlet, “Bedside Medicine to Corporate Medicine: How Working Americans Have Paid the Price,” AFT Health Care 4, no. 1 (Spring 2023): 16–22; and J. Kitzhaber, “COVID-19: From Public Health Crisis to Healthcare Evolution,” AFT Health Care 1, no. 1 (Fall 2020): 6–15, 44.
5. J. Taylor, “The Importance of Respectful Maternity Care for Women of Color,” AFT Health Care 2, no. 1 (Spring 2021): 20–23, 39.
6. D. Radley et al., “Americans, No Matter the State They Live in, Die Younger Than People in Many Other Countries,” blog, Commonwealth Fund, August 11, 2022, commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/americans-no-matter-state-they-live-die-younger-people-many-other-countries.
7. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, “County Health Rankings Model,” University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rankings/county-health-rankings-model.
8. South Side Pediatric Asthma Center, “Who We Are,” University of Chicago Medicine, southsidekidsasthma.org/who-we-are; and S. Guy, “Chicago Hospitals Form Partnership to Battle Asthma ‘Hot Spots,’” Chicago Sun-Times, May 9, 2018.
9. M. Gamble, “The Physician CEO Keeping It Real for RUSH and Chicago,” Becker’s Hospital Review, June 1, 2023, beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/the-physician-ceo-keeping-it-real-for-rush-and-chicago.html.
10. Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, “The Loop: Community Data Snapshot,” Chicago Community Area Series, July 2023, cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/The+Loop.pdf.
11. J. Andrews et al., Stronger Together: Advancing Equity for All; A Community Health Needs Report and Action Plan: FY2022 CHNA + FY2023–2025 CHIP (Chicago: Rush University Medical Center and Rush Oak Park Hospital, 2022), rush.edu/sites/default/files/chna-chip-2022.pdf.
12. Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, “East Garfield Park: Community Data Snapshot,” Chicago Community Area Series, July 2023, cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/East+Garfield+Park.pdf.
13. J. Phillips, “COVID-19: Another SOS Call from Communities of Color,” The Hill, April 19, 2020, thehill.com/opinion/civil-rights/493536-covid-19-another-sos-call-from-communities-of-color.
14. D. Dawes, The Political Determinants of Health (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, March 24, 2020).
15. P. Dutko, M. Ver Ploeg, and T. Farrigan, Characteristics and Influential Factors in Food Deserts, Economic Research Report Number 140 (Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 2012), ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/45014/30940_err140.pdf.
16. “Governor Pritzker Signs Equity Driven Healthcare Reform Legislation,” press release, April 27, 2021, illinois.gov/news/press-release.23204.html.
17. M. Wakefield et al., eds., The Future of Nursing 2020–2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2021), nam.edu/publications/the-future-of-nursing-2020-2030.
18. Kerr White Healthcare Collection, “Health Statistics and Epidemiology,” University of Virginia, 2006, historical.hsl.virginia.edu/kerr/healthstats.cfm.html.
19. National Commission to Address Racism in Nursing, Racism in Nursing (Washington, DC: American Nurses Association, May 1, 2022), nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/racism-in-nursing/national-commission-to-address-racism-in-nursing/commissions-foundational-report-on-racism--in-nursing.
20. Breakthrough, “The Fresh Market Meets Needs During COVID-19 Pandemic,” August 25, 2020, breakthrough.org/fresh-market-meets-needs.
21. J. Geiger and R. Johnson, “Expanding Our Understanding of Student Experiences and the Supports and Programs for College Students with Foster Care Experience: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Foster Care and Higher Education,” Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 40 (2023): 159–61.
22. J. Phillips et al., “Integrating the Social Determinants of Health into Nursing Practice: Nurses’ Perspectives,” Journal of Nursing Scholarship 52, no. 5 (September 2020): 497–505.
[illustrations: Stephanie Dalton Cowan]

domain: sociology


text:
Piggy Putty is a fun, clean, air-drying clay is perfect for wrapping round our pottery as an alternative to painting. This mouldable clay has mini foam particles that work to help you cover the pottery surface. With lots of googley eyes available to finish your amazing artwork.
The Piggy Putty is fantastic for children ages 2+ and find they absolutely love playing with the gooey putty! You also get to take home your finished piece that day ….perfect for keeping kids happy!

domain: artistic


When looking to upgrade the performance of a 1911 pistol, a common improvement sought by shooters is a high-quality trigger job, with a crisp, clean break. Until now, a high-quality trigger job has never been in the realm of a “drop-in” upgrade. Nighthawk Custom has changed that with the introduction of their Drop-In Trigger System (DTS) for 1911 pistols. An all-in-one unit, the DTS replaces your existing hammer, hammer strut, sear, disconnector, and sear spring. Your existing sear pin and hammer pin will be retained for use with the DTS, but no other parts are necessary for installation. With a steel housing securing the unit, the DTS features all Fully Machined™, stainless steel internal components. The traditional three-pronged sear spring is no longer necessary as the springs for the disconnector and sear are built into the unit. A single-leg grip safety spring is included with the DTS to replace the existing sear spring. Never has a high-quality trigger job been this simple for 1911 shooters. The Drop-In Trigger System is designed for use in most 1911 models, and installation is simple enough that minimal gunsmithing skills are necessary. With a proper safety check and minor gunsmithing skills, our Drop-In Trigger System can give your current 1911 a high-quality trigger job in the time it takes for a routine cleaning of your pistol.
- Fits most quality in spec 1911's and 2011's
- Trigger pull: 3 3/4 - 4 lb (will vary based on your mainspring weight)
- 100 round break-in period
Big Book Catalog, Issue:73, Page:130


text:
New book claims Irish actor Peter O'Toole bedded over '1,000 women' including Audrey Hepburn
A tell-all biography claims that legendary actor Peter O'Toole bedded over 1,000 women including Audrey Hepburn, Elizabeth Taylor and Princess Margaret.
The claims have been made in a new explosive book entitled 'Peter O'Toole: Hellraiser, Sexual Outlaw, Irish Rebel'.
The biography, written by Darwin Porter and Danforth Prince states that the Connemara actor was intimate with some 1,033 women including elite Hollywood stars such as Hepburn and Taylor.
"Off-screen, O'Toole starred in week-long binges and sex orgies of near biblical proportions," author Danforth Prince claims.
According to the book, the lothario also had an on/off affair for nearly a decade with Princess Margaret.
The Laurence of Arabia star is also said to have slept with famous bombshell actresses including Jayne Mansfield, Anita Ekberg and Diana Dors - in order to win a bet with his friend.
O'Toole allegedly embarked on a long romance with screen icon Elizabeth Taylor, despite the fact that he was close friends with her lover Richard Burton.
"She tells me I'm much better in the sack, at least more reliable than you are," the late O'Toole is believed to have said to Burton.
The award winning actor died in 2013, aged 81.
He is survived by three children.


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Most agree that games are easier than they used to be. But one developer reckons modern games have been dumbed down so much that they appeal to the "lowest common denominator".
Matt Findley, president of inXile entertainment, is that developer. "There was a time many years ago when it was okay to have really difficult puzzles that just stopped the player," he told journalists at Bethesda's recent Gamers Day event in France.
"You'd be playing along and you'd hit a brick wall and you had to figure things out or the game was over. Gaming has obviously changed a lot since then. To be fair we've had to dumb games down to the lowest common denominator just so that everyone can always play."

domain: entertainment


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Problems with money happen in our lives now and then, and all we can do here is to rely upon some choices such as loans or credits. But let’s try to visualize that your credit story can’t be called that good and wouldn’t get financial backing from most banking institutions. As Winston Churchill, a British politician, said: ‘Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm’, and there is nothing to argue about. A decision can be found, just look at the case on the other hand – get bad credit loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN). You will be surprised by by their helpfulness and efficiency!
It’s complicated to foretell when you will feel need in money; for this reason, many people remember their scores in the event of emergency. It’s cute when you have some savings at your disposal or could ask parents or friends for assistance with finances, but what could others do? How to crack the problem if you want some specific sums of cash means just this evening or straight away? Bad credit loan becomes a true breakthrough and solution here. Also, it goes for those occasions when something occurs to your health or belongings, and what is worse – to all these aspects at the same time. These are the most awful problems ever; still, we are not safeguard against them. Nevertheless, we shouldn’t be sad and rely on the better.
- 1 Bad Credit Loans in Limestone, Tennessee and Their Peculiarities online
- 2 What Can Applicants with a Bad Credit in Limestone, Tennessee (TN) Rely on?
- 3 Conditions to Count on Bad Credit Loan in Limestone (TN)
- 4 Legality of Short-Term Bad Credit Loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)
- 5 Why Should You Choose Our Bad Credit Loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)?
- 6 Varied Variants of Loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)
- 7 Do You Doubt about Cash Advance Loan in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)?
Bad Credit Loans in Limestone, Tennessee and Their Peculiarities online
Bad credit loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN) online are known as varieties of personal loans that are rendered to customers with bad scores or without them at all. They are advanced by most banks, lenders, and credit organizations, but they all are identified by one important facet – they look more expensive than ordinary ones. Just to distinguish a good credit score from the one that might be called a bad one, all borrowers are assessed in accordance with FICO score – that is a unique option to value the reliability of the client. Thus, if your indicator doesn’t amount to 630, you will be called a bad credit borrower.
In general, this type of the loan becomes a real saving when you should get cash straight away and would be able to return it within the stipulated timing. Thus, it could get your real rescuer in unforeseen consequences, that’s why we render you to examine kinds and benefits of getting this cash advance loan.
What Can Applicants with a Bad Credit in Limestone, Tennessee (TN) Rely on?
Bad credit loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN) online fall into 2 major categories known as secured and unsecured.
- The 1st type supposes the application of some item, representing a stated value as a kind of collateral to save and guard the loan. It indicates that a creditor is entitled to take advantage of this very collateral if a customer couldn’t pay for it.
- The second option is confined by signing the agreement and consenting to return money in accordance with those terms presented in it. If a client isn’t able to fund, he may face hardships with some collective organizations and public services.
Conditions to Count on Bad Credit Loan in Limestone (TN)
So as to apply for a loan, you must conform to the following aspects since they justify your trustworthiness level:
- You should work or have some permanent and stable source of money that conforms to simple requests.
- Your wage once a month is to be over $1000.
- You have to be the citizen (resident) of the U.S..
- You should come out of age.
- You have to have a checking account in a bank, which is not overdrafted.
- You should possess a functional number and electronic mail to stay in touch.
Legality of Short-Term Bad Credit Loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)
Though this very point disturbs many customers, we will state that they are official. We could verify it by showing points from the U.S. laws:
- Preliminary payment. Any borrower is entitled to give money back for the loan when he is ready – tomorrow or in a month. Moreover, he won’t need to pay some fees for this.
- APR or annual percentage rate. Sums can be returned once a month, day or year; its maximal sum is not confirmed.
- The highest possible amount. Once again, the precise sum depends on the the sum type you take; still, if to compare this sum with percentage rating, it can’t outnumber 25% of your revenue per month.
- Rollover periods. Any borrower may count on 4 rollovers.
- Loan constraints. A customer might reckon on five loans every 12 months (a year) – that is with all expectable rollover periods. Moreover, you can obtain 2 varied loans at the same time with an amount of one thousand dollars. In terms of percents, it comes to 22.5% of your income per month that couldn’t be higher.
- The shortest timing. This feature depends on the type of the loan you have decided on, e.g. payday loan distinguishes itself by the following timing – about a week.
Why Should You Choose Our Bad Credit Loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)?
Our online website WebMoneyLoans.com can be called one of the most responsible and client-oriented since it takes care of each borrower and renders him a great amount of advantages:
- Easy-to-complete form. You don’t may not examine tiresome rules or ask someone for an aid to complete our forms – they are as easy as a pie.
- Different payments. Our assistants will go out of their way to select the variant which will do for you in everything: from timing to rates you can afford. That’s a real versatility!
- Money at hand. We don’t offer any ‘secret’ conditions – just help with finances and instant money at hand when you do need it.
- Trustworthy lenders. Considering our creditors, there are those who will definitely tell you ‘yes’. That’s all because of their amount (150+ creditors) and specific terms that will fit you. Find your reliable lender on our platform!
- Reasonable costs. Though the majority of bad credit history loans are specified as options with too high rates, we will make all efforts to find the most appropriate and moderate plan for you – we do worry about your money condition.
- Loans with no credit checks. We know that this very point is determining for a majority of lenders, but as we head for those clients with bad histories, we connive at your previous scores and just assist you. Whatever credit history you have, turn to us!
- A fast approval. It won’t take you long to wait for an immediate reply of our consultants and options from trustworthy debtees.
- Online instant approval. Owing to us, it’s very easy to receive bad credit loans online in Limestone, Tennessee (TN) as our service operates on a twenty-four hour basis just not to lose sight of your applications and aid you in any complex situation.
How Could I Apply for online Bad Credit Loans in Limestone (TN)?
Submit the following data and documents to apply for a loan rendered by the lending company WebMoneyLoans:
- ID and Social Security Number or SSN;
- Work and revenue data;
- Residential address, contact number, and e-mail;
- Bank account details (especially if you receive a service online).
- Your first and last name, and date of born;
Varied Variants of Loans in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)
You might also reckon on some other types of loans which will meet your contingencies:
- Title types of loans. This loan is considered as one of secured types; thus, a borrower must give his auto in the form of collateral.
- Payday loans. These forms of cash loans are meant for some short stipulated period of time and for any aims without restrictions. They don’t require checking or security (therefore, they are called no credit check loans as well) and are often given quicker than usual ones.
- Private loans. Being famous as the most often chosen type, this bad credit loan seems rather moderate as in case with the sum, so with the timeframes. For this reason, they are frequently used instead of credit cards.
- Installment loans. This kind of credit is defined by approved rules of payment that are specified in advance – starting with 30 days and more. This option could appear to be a wonderful idea, when short-term loans are forbidden in your place.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do You Doubt about Cash Advance Loan in Limestone, Tennessee (TN)?
Turn to our lenders who are always happy to provide all necessary consultations and give answers on your questions. They are at your disposal all days without breaks in order that we could process all messages timely. We realize that sometimes you should make a decision without delays and right here and so you can’t waste time to wait for verifications and replies for weeks. Because of this, we give fast pieces of advice on any concerns you may take interest in – from urgent questions regarding time periods to the type of some particular loan you still think of. Become free to write or contact us for more details!
What’s more, we stick to a client-orientated way of work; therefore, we aren’t going to leave your message without an answer, not taking into consideration the hardship of your case. We ensure you in cheap rates in the sphere, over 150 debtees that want to help you, and convenient payment options to decide on that you have sought after! Think of getting a quote and a tip for your contingencies?

domain: finance


From Tony John, Port Harcourt
Rivers State governor, Nyesom Wike has said no amount of criticisms would stop him from commending President Muhamamdu Buhari for releasing arrears accruing from the 13 per cent derivation funds from the Federal Government coffers to Niger Delta states since 1999.
He stated this at an event to honour 162 distinguished Nigerians for their inspirational achievements, impactful lives and contributions to the progress of Rivers State and the nation in general in Port Harcourt Saturday night.
“Human beings instead of them to say I appreciate you, they become envious. Because I say Buhari thank you, I am having problems today. That is the country we are in. I am not a fan of Buhari. When a man has done well say he has done well in this area. If he has not done well you say so. I have no apologies to anybody. If Buhari did not release the money from 1999 which my party did not even release, I wouldn’t have been doing what I am doing. I say it and I don’t give a damn to anybody. I don’t care. He has not done well in many areas, but this one he has done well. My party members may not be happy, but they should not be angry, because this one, he did well.He gave me money and I used the money to do something for people in Rivers State. This money was there. Nobody paid us.”
Among those honoured were eight state governors, nine former governors and some lawyers. Wike described the awardees as having demonstrated high level of loyalty to the nation, excellence in public service, commitment to equity, equality and justice in the country, and love for the government and people of Rivers State.
The award were in four categories: Grand Service stat of Rivers State (GSSRS), Distinguished Service State of Rivers State (DSSRS), Governor’s Medal of Service (GMS) and Rivers State Merit Award (RSMA). Wike said the state honours and awards were the initiative of former Governor Peter Odili.
Those conferred with Grand Service Star of Rivers State (GSSRS) were governors Samuel Ortom (Benue), Seyi Makinde (Oyo), Okezie Ikpeazu (Abia), Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi (Enugu), Bala Mohammed(Bauchi), Yahaya Bello (Kogi), Ahmadu Fintiri(Adamawa) and David Umahi (Ebonyi).
Others were former governors, Olabode George, Jonah Jang, Donald Duke, Ayodele Fayose, Ibrahim Idris, Olusegun Mimiko, Theodore Orji, Ibrahim Dankwanbo and Adams Oshiomhole.
Also110 distinguished personalities were conferred with DSSRS, among them wives of the governors of Rivers and Oyo, Justice Eberechi Nyesom-Wike and Mrs. Tamunominini Makinde; Mrs. Onari Duke, Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice, Abubakar Malami.
The governor said the eight governors and former governors honoured were selected from different political parties because of their love for the growth and development of Rivers State.
The governor said he has advised the governors of Ebonyi and Kogi States not to waste their money in supporting any governorship candidate in the state because the PDP would win all elective positions in the 2023 general elections.
Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice, Abubakar Malami, who spoke on behalf of the awardees, said governor Wike has taken governance to the next level


HRANA News Agency – On Thursday, May 12, 2011, four citizens were hanged in prison in the city of Kerman [Kerman Province]. The Judiciary officials in Kerman Province have released the identity of the prisoners to be “A. A,” “N. B,” “N. D” and “A. B.”
These four individuals were charged with trafficking heroin and crack and carrying 20 thousand vials of Norgesic syringes and were subsequently sentenced to death by the Revolutionary court in Kerman. Reports indicate that requests to pardon or reduced their sentences were rejected by the authorities.


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