Integrated flue gas processing system
A system for processing hot flue gas to remove both gaseous contaminants such as sulfur dioxide and particulate matter such as flyash integrates spray scrubbing apparatus and wet electrostatic precipitation apparatus and provides for the advantageous extraction and utilization of heat present in the flue gas. The integrated system utilizes a spray scrubbing tower and a wet electrostatic precipitator which includes a portion constructed as a cross flow heat exchanger with flue gas saturated with water vapor moving vertically upwards inside tubes arranged in a staggered pattern and ambient air being pulled horizontally across the outside of those tubes to cool the tube walls and thereby remove heat from the flue gas and cause condensation of water vapor on the inside wall surfaces. The condensate washes the electrostatically collected flyash particles down from the inside tube walls. The heat that is extracted from the saturated flue gas may be utilized for flue gas reheat after the wet electrostatic precipitator or for preheating of combustion air to the steam generator boiler.
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This invention relates to pollution control and particularly to a system for processing flue gas containing sulfur dioxide and flyash. More particularly, this invention relates to an integrated system for flue gas processing incorporating spray scrubbing apparatus utilizing alkali slurries for sulfur dioxide removal and wet electrostatic precipitation apparatus for flyash removal.
Spray scrubbers in which a lime or limestone slurry is recycled through an absorption tower for contact with the flue gas to be cleaned are well known. The sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved in the droplets of the sprayed slurry and reacts with the alkali ions therein to produce an insoluble solid precipitate. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,526, assigned to the assignee of this application, the disclosure which is incorporated herein by reference, there is disclosed a high velocity spray scrubber in which a plurality of vertically spaced, downwardly directed nozzles within the scrubber spray slurry droplets into the scrubber space while the gas to be scrubbed moves upward relative to the downwardly moving droplets of scrubber slurry.
In the spray scrubbing tower disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,526, a wash tray is disposed between the upper end of the internal scrubbing space and the outlet of the scrubber, over which a layer of water flows for removing entrained droplets and particulates from the gas while an upwardly directed spray head is disposed beneath the wash tray to spray water onto the underside of the wash tray to prevent the formation of mineral deposits. The purpose of the wash tray is to remove entrained droplets of scrubber liquor and dust particles from the scrubbed gas. Disposed above the wash tray in the scrubber is a conventional mist eliminator for removing entrained droplets of spray liquor prior to exiting of the scrubbed gas from the scrubber.
It is also known to utilize the flyash present in the flue gas to be processed as a source of alkali by collecting the flyash, by use of either an electrostatic precipitator or a filter bag house or a venturi scrubber, as the flue gas leaves the boiler, removing alkali therefrom and using the alkali in place of lime or limestone in the scrubbing slurry. Such a process is disclosed in copending U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 018,291, filed Mar. 6, 1979, assigned to the assignee of this application, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In the removal of particles from gas streams by electrostatic precipitation, the particle containing gas stream flows between grounded collection surfaces and corona discharge electrodes which produce ions in an electrostatic field causing the particles to be charged and attracted to the collection surface. In wet electrostatic precipitation, a liquid stream flows over the collection electrode to wash the particles therefrom.
In U.S. Pat. No. 1,329,818 there is disclosed a wet electrostatic precipitator in which furnace gases containing dust are contacted with water or solution to saturate them with water vapor. The saturated gases pass to an electrical precipitator wherein the temperature of the gases is reduced sufficiently to cause condensation of some of the water vapor to form a stream of condensed liquid on collecting electrodes. The walls of the collecting electrodes are maintained cooler than the gasses passing therethrough, by circulation of external air assisted by blower means or by other suitable cooling means, to cause condensation of moisture thereon sufficient to form a continuous stream of film to continually wash away collected materials.
In copending U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 033,811, filed Apr. 27, 1979 now abandoned, assigned to the assignee of this application, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, there is disclosed a method and apparatus for self-cleaning wet electrostatic precipitation in which the collection electrode surfaces comprise tubes, incorporated between parallel tube sheets, which define channels through which a particle containing moisture-laden gas stream flows while a heat exchange medium, such as air, flows between the tube sheets, around and over the surface of the tubes to cause their collection surfaces to function as partial condensers. Water vapor present in the moisture laden gas stream condenses on the tube collection surfaces to continually flush them and prevent precipitated solids build-up.
It is stated in Application Ser. No. 033,811 now abandoned that such a system finds advantageous use together with conventional flue gas scrubbing apparatus in that down flowing condensate contacts up flowing gas and aids in the removal of gaseous contaminants such as sulfur dioxide in the flue gas. Moreover, the condensate has the quality of distilled water and is drained to equipment surfaces below to significantly reduce scaling tendencies. Since the condensed moisture is circulated through the system for reuse, the amount of water required for wet electrostatic precipitation is reduced and the amount of spray for the electrode surfaces can be reduced or eliminated entirely due to condensate flushing. Also, mist present in the gas downstream of the electrostatic precipitator decreases so that the amount of water lost by evaporation into the atmosphere is reduced.
Thus, there have been many and varied approaches to the processing of flue gas to remove gaseous contaminants such as sulfur dioxide and particulate matter such as flyash. However, these prior art attempts have focused largely on improving specific apparatus components or method steps which form but a part of the overall system and processing requirements for flue gas cleaning. Thus, there exists the need for additional and improved techniques which improve efficiency and economy in flue gas processing so that legislated emission requirements for steam generator operations can be met under varying operating conditions with greater efficiency in power utilization and the production of ecologically acceptable waste and/or other byproducts.
The present invention improves the efficiency and economy of known apparatus and methods for flue gas processing utilizing spray scrubbing and/or wet electrostatic precipitation and provides advantages not previously obtained.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention results in increased efficiency of flue gas processing to remove sulfur dioxide and flyash together with improved economy of operation through the provision of an improved system which integrates spray scrubbing apparatus and wet electrostatic precipitation apparatus and provides means for the advantageous extraction and utilization of heat present in the flue gas which is being processed. The integrated system according to this invention utilizes a spray scrubbing tower into which the flue gas is introduced and into which aqueous alkali slurry is introduced as spray for sulfur dioxide removal therein.
The flue gas in the tower passes through an interface tray, where chemically active, entrained alkali slurry droplets are diluted, after which the flue gas being cleaned, now moisture laden, enters a wet electrostatic precipitator which includes a heat exchanger. Remaining flyash in the flue gas is removed to a high degree by the electrostatic charging and collection process in the wet electrostatic precipitator while the collected flyash particles are washed down from the electrostatic precipitation collection surfaces and heat is removed from the moisture-laden flue gas. Entrained slurry droplets are also removed electrostatically and the flue gas exits from the top of the precipitator essentially free from suspended flyash particles and slurry droplets. The flue gas is then directed into a fan which discharges into a stack. The heat removed from the flue gas finds use in the system or otherwise in the steam generation plant.
The wet electrostatic precipitator of the integrated system of this invention includes a portion constructed as a cross flow heat exchanger with flue gas saturated with water vapor moving vertically upwards inside tubes arranged in a staggered pattern and ambient air being pulled horizontally across the outside of those tubes to cool the tube walls and thereby remove heat from the flue gas and cause condensation of water vapor on the inside wall surfaces. The condensate washes the electrostatically collected flyash particles down from the inside tube walls. The condensed water also reduces the required make-up rate which is needed for saturating the flue gas. The ambient air is pulled across the tubes by axial fans and the heat transfer is balanced across the heat exchanger by bringing in ambient air to the interior of the exchanger in ducts between tubes.
If desired, the hot flue gas can be first directed into a low pressure-drop quencher where enough slurry is introduced to saturate the flue gas with water vapor and remove coarse particles, that is, flyash particles larger than 2 microns in size. Since the integrated system and process of this invention removes flyash and sulfur dioxide in the same equipment, the alkalinity in the flyash is available for neutralization of the absorbed sulfur dioxide thus reducing the amount of alkali required. The system and process also permit operation in a closed loop mode wherein only evaporated water is replenished and the system pH is permited to drop to solubilize certain cations which can act as a catalyst for liquid phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid.
The heat that is extracted from the saturated flue gas in the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger may be utilized in several different ways, including: (1) for flue gas reheat after the wet electrostatic precipitator; (2) for preheating of combustion air to the steam generator boiler; and, (3) for heating of buildings.
The integrated flue gas processing system of this invention provides several advantages including: (1) flyash removal efficiency is independent of the dust resistivity or sulfur content in the coal thus providing significant fuel flexibility; (2) ground space requirements for the integrated system are no greater than similar requirements for a scrubber spray tower alone; (3) pressure drop through the system is approximately the same as for a scrubber spray tower alone; (4) sulfur dioxide absorption is accomplished using conventional lime or limestone technology in addition to utilizing the alkalinity in the flyash when sufficient and if desired; (5) the system and process provide means of disposing of all the flyash produced by the boiler, without the need for expensive dry blending equipment and fugitive dust collection systems; (6) the method and system may operate on a closed loop water balance with water leaving the system only in the final sludge or outlet gas stream so that no water treating facilities are required: (7) final disposal products can be blended with flyash and highly oxidized and will dewater regularly to produce a stable, ecologically acceptable land fill material; (8) only low quality plant water need be consumed, such as cooling tower blowdown, the disposal of which might otherwise require extensive and costly treatment facilities; (9) high through-put flue gas velocities are possible with removal of nearly 100 percent of the entrained mist; (10) high level performance at low power consumption is possible with flyash removal efficiency and demisting increasing as the boiler load is reduced; and, (11) warm air is produced which can be used for heating of buildings, preheating of combustion air or heating of air for flue gas reheat, all of which provide significant energy savings.
Thus, an object of this invention is the provision of an integrated system for processing flue gas to remove gaseous contaminants such as sulfur dioxide and particulate matter such as flyash.
A further object of this invention is the provision of an integrated system for processing of flue gas containing sulfur dioxide and flyash in which a wet electrostatic precipitator is integrated with a scrubber spray tower to remove both sulfur dioxide and the particulate matter with the recovery of heat from the flue gas by providing the wet electrostatic precipitator with a heat exchanger.
A yet further object of this invention is the provision of a system for flue gas processing which integrates the components and steps for sulfur dioxide and flyash removal to result in increased efficiency and economy of operation and more widespread application to various coal fuels.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of this invention will be further apparant from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram illustrating the integrated system for flue gas processing according to an embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic elevation view, partially in section, of a scrubber spray tower and heat-exchanging wet electrostatic precipitator integrated therewith according to an embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view, partially in section, of the heat-exchanging wet electrostatic precipitator shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 4 is a detailed plan view of the heat-exchanger portion of the wet electrostatic precipitator shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged detail view of a discharge electrode and collection tube of the wet electrostatic precipitator shown in FIGS. 3 and 4; and,
FIG. 6 is a schematic process flow diagram illustrating an integrated system for flue gas processing according to another embodiment of this invention.DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS System Description
The overall system of this invention can be best understood by reference to the process flow diagram, FIG. 1, which illustrates the components of an integrated system having increased efficiency and improved economy for flue gas processing to remove sulfur dioxide and flyash. Referring to FIG. 1, hot flue gas, typically at 300.degree. F., represented by the arrow 2, is directed into a low pressure-drop quencher 4 where enough slurry is introduced through conduit means 6 and 8 in order to saturate the flue gas with water vapor and remove coarse particles which then collect at the bottom 10 of the quencher. By coarse particles are meant particles such as flyash particles larger than 2 microns in diameter. The quencher is constructed as a venturi scrubber with a so-called "wet elbow" to protect the lower part of the quencher vessel from being damaged by the abrasive flyash particles.
The saturated flue gas, represented by the arrow 12, enters the scrubber spray tower 14 which has banks of sprays, collectively referred to at 16, where the alkali slurry is introduced into the spray tower interior to remove sulfur dioxide from the flue gas. A more detailed illustration and description of such a spray tower is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,526.
The flue gas travels upward through the spray tower 14 past the spray heads 15 of the sprays 16 and through an interface tray 18. At the interface tray 18 the chemically active entrained slurry droplets are diluted by aqueous solution, namely unreactive light slurry fed through the spray heads 21 as tray wash from the conduit 22 leading from the conduit 24 which transfers light slurry from a thickener overflow tank 26. Spray heads 19 may spray the same light slurry, from conduit 20, above the interface tray 18 into the wet electrostatic precipitator 28. After passing the interface tray 18, the saturated gas enters the wet electrostatic precipitator 28 where the remaining flyash is removed to a high degree by the known electrostatic charging and collection process. The collected flyash particles, as described in greater detail hereafter, are washed down with water which condenses from the gas onto the wet electrostatic precipitator tube walls. Entrained slurry droplets are also removed electrostatically at this point and the flue gas exits from the top of the tubes of the wet electrostatic precipitator as represented by the arrow 30. The top of the wet electrostatic precipitator can be sprayed intermittently with unreactive light slurry from the thickener overflow 26 by sprays through spray heads 33 from the conduit 32 which may be regulated by the timer 34.
The slurry recirculation circuit includes a recycle tank 36 to provide sufficient delay time for the desupersaturation of dissolved sulfites and sulfates, a thickener 38 for settling of the slurry particles and a vacuum filter system, illustrated generally at 40, to further reduce the water content in the thickener underflow to produce filter cakes for disposal as sludge. The filter system could be replaced with a disposal pond if such is available at the particular site. Overflow from the slurry 42 located in the bottom of the spray tower 14 flows through conduit 44 to the waste slurry sump 46 from whence it is pumped to the thickener 38 through the conduit 48. The overflow from the thickener 38 flows through the conduit 50 to the overflow tank 26 for recycle as tray wash and intermittent spray to the wet electrostatic precipitator as previously described. Make-up water is fed through the conduit 52 to the overflow tank 26. Overflow from the tank 26 is also fed back to the waste slurry sump 46 through the conduit 54.
The thick slurry from the bottom of the thickener 38 enters the vacuum filter 40 by the conduit 56. Water removed from the vacuum filter 40 is returned to the thickener by the conduit 58 while the filter cakes are conveyed to the sludge bin 60 for disposal. Fresh alkali slurry is fed to the recycle tank 36 through the conduit 62. The slurry in the recycle tank 36 is recirculated with that in the bottom of the tower 14 by means of the conduits 64 and 66.
As seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the tubular wet electrostatic precipitator is constructed with a cross flow heat exchanger, referred to generally at 67, with the flue gas saturated with water vapor moving vertically upward inside the grounded collection tubes 68 in which are located the discharge electrodes 70. An electrode support frame 72, supported by structural rods 74 carried on the electrostatic precipitator housing 76 by insulator connections in compartments 78, carry the discharge electrodes 70. The electrodes receive their power from the transformer/rectifier 80. The insulator compartments 78 are ventilated with heated air, from the blower fan 96, which is heated by the heater 98 and passes to the compartments 78 through the conduits 100 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The wet electrostatic precipitator may be of the type described in copending Application Ser. No. 033,811, filed Apr. 27, 1979 now abandoned, previously referred to herein.
Ambient air is pulled horizontally across the outside of the collection tubes 68 by means of the axial fans 82. This air cools the tube walls and causes condensation of water vapor on the inside wall surfaces which will wash down the electrostatically collected flyash particles from the inside tube walls. Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the ambient air enters the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger, as represented by the arrows 84, and is brought in to the interior of the heat exchanger in ducts 86 between the staggered collection tubes 68 to balance the heat transfer across the heat exchanger 67. For the same reason, ambient air is also pulled in along the two outer sides, 88 and 90, of the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger.
After leaving the wet electrostatic precipitator, the flue gas, represented by the arrows 30, passes through the outlet conversion to duct 94.
The electrodes 70 may be of the spiral electrode type illustrated in FIG. 5 having screw flights 71 fastened to an electrode mast 73 secured at its bottom by tie rod 75 and which is described in greater detail in copending Patent Application Ser. No. 085,470 filed Oct. 17, 1979 now abandoned and assigned to the assignees of this application, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Such an electrode has a mast 73 having a diameter of from 0.25 to 0.40 times the diameter (D) of the collection tube 68 and is co-axially positioned in the collection tube. A helical discharge electrode in the form of a helical screw flight 71 is located on the mast 73. The helical discharge electrode has a substantially symmetrically curved outer edge, with the outer diameter (d) of the screw flight and mast being from 0.33 to 0.67 D, a pitch of from D-d/2 to D-d, and the overall length (1) of the helical screw flight being from one screw revolution to L-(D-d); where L is the length of the collection tube 68. This results in a substantially symmetrical, high field strength and current density being created between the discharge electrode and the collector tube when high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode. Preferably, the helix terminates short of the ends of the collection tube at a distance greater than D-d/2.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the wet electrostatic precipitator, although having a flue gas flow cross sectional area approximating that of the spray tower 18 so that the flue gas volume passing therethrough is approximately the same as that passing through the spray tower without appreciable change in velocity, is nevertheless of rectangular construction as shown in FIG. 4. Therefore, a conversion piece 102, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, provides a connection between the round spray tower 18 and the rectangular wet electrostatic precipitator 28. The structural member 103 provides a tie-in between the wet electrostatic precipitator 28 and the conversion piece 102 of the tower 18.
The heat that is extracted from the saturated flue gas by the heat exchanger 67 of the wet electrostatic precipitator 28 can be utilized in several different ways, including: for flue gas reheat after the wet electrostatic precipitator; for preheating of combustion air to the boiler; and for heating of buildings.
FIG. 1 illustrates how the warm air from the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger 67 may be used for reheating of the flue gas. The saturated flue gas exiting from the wet electrostatic precipitator has a temperature T.sub.1. Warm air exiting from the axial fan 82 of the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger 67, referred to generally at 104, enters a reheater 106 in which steam circulating in coils 108 therein reheats the air sufficiently so that when it exits the reheater at 110 and is injected into the flue gas duct 94 to mix with the flue gas it reheats the flue gas about 10 degrees higher than temperature T.sub.1 to a temperature T.sub.2.
The reheated flue gas enters a fan 112 at temperature T.sub.2, the reheat to temperature T.sub.2 ensuring that the gas entering the fan 112 is dry. Thus, the heat of compression produced by the fan 112 is used to reheat the flue gas further and not to evaporate water. Since the wet electrostatic precipitator operates as a high efficiency mist eliminator there will be very small amounts only of entrained water in the flue gas coming from the wet electrostatic precipitator making it possible to operate a dry fan with the small amount of reheat provided by the heated air 110.
The heat of compression in the fan 112 raises the temperature of the flue gas exiting therefrom, referred to generally at 114, to a temperature T.sub.3. If further reheating of the flue gas is required, the warm air 104 from the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger 67 may be heated in an optional reheater 116 by means of steam circulating in coils 118 therein and injected to mix with the flue gas at a location between the fan 112 and the stack 120 to produce a stack temperature T.sub.4.
Since all the air used for reheat is clean air, the reheat temperatures may be easily controlled by dampers, such as 92, and steam control valves, such as 122 and 124, with a central temperature controller, indicated generally at 126, monitoring and controlling all temperatures for different ambient conditions in boiler loads. Such temperature controllers are known and available. Thus, maintenance problems usually associated with presently used reheat schemes, such as the type utilizing heat exchanger tubes in flue gas ducts, are completely avoided.
FIG. 6 illustrates how the warm air produced by the heat exchanger 67 can be used to preheat combustion air. In this embodiment, the warm air 104 from the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger 67 is ducted to the inlet side of a forced draft boiler fan 128 to a boiler air preheater 130 and injected, at the locations referred to generally at 132, into the boiler 134. A portion of the preheated air, referred to at 136, is ducted to the discharge duct 94 of the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger 67 where it is mixed with the saturated flue gas to produce a 10.degree. F. reheat of the saturated flue gas which then enters the fan 112 at 138.degree. F. Hot flue gas from the boiler economizer 140 is directed through the air preheater 130 to enter the quencher 4, as shown at 2, and proceeds through the spray tower 14 and wet electrostatic precipitator 28, in the same manner as described previously with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 1, where it exits as saturated flue gas, represented by the arrow 30, which is then reheated prior to entering the induced draft fan 112. The heat of compression of the fan 112 gives further reheat to the flue gas before it enters the stack 120.Process Description
The hot flue gas containing sulfur dioxide and particulates such as flyash enters the quencher/venturi where it is saturated and quenched from its inlet temperature by the action of sprays. On boilers with relatively low inlet loadings of flyash, for example, on coals with relatively low ash content, or downstream of an old electrostatic precipitator or mechanical collector, it would be sufficient to utilize a direct wet approach inlet into the spray tower rather than the quencher/venturi disclosed. Also, soot blowers may be positioned upstream of the inlet spray to remove possible buildup of flyash which might occur just upstream of the spray nozzles when the quencher/venturi approach is not employed.
The sprays heads in the spray tower spray aqueous suspensions of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate, and where flyash is also used as the alkali medium, flyash. The partially cleaned flue gas then passes through a perforated tray, referred to as the interface tray, which removes entrained process slurry.
The flue gas then enters the wet electrostatic precipitator where the stream of atmospheric charging of the particles causes the fine particulate matter and the entrained droplets to migrate to the tube walls. Since the flue gas entering the wet electrostatic precipitator is saturated with respect to water vapor and since the tubes are air cooled, condensation will occur on the inner surfaces which will flush these surfaces and keep them clean. Additional wash water may be provided. Since the collected particles are washed away in slurry form, the dust layer resistivity will be extremely low and will not enter into precipitator performance characteristics. Also, since the collected flyash particles are removed in slurry form, there is no dust reentrainment.
The flue gas velocity in the collection tubes is limited only by the required residence time for charging and collection and the velocity at which slurry droplets will penetrate through the tube and cause reentrainment of water droplets. Advantageously, this upper velocity is significantly higher than in a dry electrostatic precipitator.
Since the electrode is of the type previously described with a helical surface and effective large diameter high voltage characteristic, the electrostatic field is totally symmetric and it is possible to maintain high field strengths which will give an effective particle charging process, with a minimum of sparking.
Water droplets coming from the sprays below the tubes will keep the lower part of the electrodes and tubes clean. The droplets will also be charged in the electrostatic field and collected on the tube walls. The unit therefore operates with very high mist removal efficiency and the exiting gas is saturated with a minimal amount of entrained water.
As previously described, the saturated flue gas leaving the wet electrostatic precipitator may be reheated by directing the air, which has been warmed 40.degree. to 50.degree. F. above ambient, from the precipitator heat exchanger fan through a steam heat exchanger using low grade steam and then mixing it with the saturated flue gas to produce a reheat of 30.degree.-40.degree. F. Due to the excellent mist elimination in the wet electrostatic precipitator, and the preheating of the air through the tubes, the heat load on the exchanger will be significantly lower than on conventional spray tower systems. Also, because of the excellent demisting in the wet electrostatic precipitator, it is also feasible to operate with less reheat, such as 10.degree.-20.degree. F., and thereby save a significant amount of energy.
The process liquids fall to the base of the spray tower where most of the reaction between the sulfur dioxide and limestone occurs. The overall process comprises a complex set of individual chemical reactions, but the rate limiting step is the actual dissolution of the calcium carbonate from the solid into the liquid phase. The slurry which is removed by overflow from the recycle tank is collected in a waste slurry sump and pumped to a thickener and then to a vacuum filter and delivered for disposal as a filter cake containing about 80 percent solids. Make-up water, required by the closed loop water balance, may come from any convenient source in the plant such as cooling tower blowdown.Design Example
The following is an example of the system and process performance. A steam generator having 130 MW electrical output capacity would produce approximately 600,000 acfm flue gas at 300.degree. F. requiring processing. The flue gas is saturated to 523,000 acfm at 128.degree. F. in the quencher.
Utilizing a wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger having 672 tubes, each of which is 12 inches in diameter and 7 feet 6 inches long, a total tube area of 15,834 sq. ft. is available for collection of the flyash particles and as condensation surface in the heat exchanger. This provides a socalled "specific collection area" in the wet electrostatic precipitator of 30.3 sq. ft./1,000 acfm.
With a maximum air velocity of 45 ft./sec. between the outside of two adjacent tubes, the overall heat transfer coefficient is 8.0 BTU/(sq. ft. hr. .degree.F.) and the pressure drop on the air side through the tube bank is 5 in W.G. The total axial fan capacity required is 260,000 acfm or 65,000 acfm per fan as shown in FIG. 4. To increase the heat transfer area, fins may be added to the tubes. Adding 45 fins, having an outside diameter of 15 inches and spaced 2 inches apart per tube, the heat transfer coefficient, based on the inside tube area of 15,834 sq. ft. increases to 23.8 BTU/(sq. ft. hr .degree.F.).
Based on the foregoing heat transfer coefficients, the following values can be determined:
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Percent Inlet Outlet Conden- Temp. h.sub.o Temp. Condensate sation ______________________________________ Tubes, 70.degree. F. 8.0 92.degree. F. 5,729 lbs/hr 3 no fins Tubes, 70.degree. F. 23.8 115.degree. F. 11,262 lbs/hr 6 with fins ______________________________________
In the foregoing Table 1, the "Inlet Temperature" is the selected ambient temperature, "h.sub.o " is the heat transfer coefficient, "Outlet Temperature" is the temperature of the air leaving the heat exchanger and "Condensate" is the amount of water vapor condensing on the inside of the tubes while "Percent Condensation" is the percentage of the water vapor in the flue gas which will condense to water.
From Table 1, it is apparent that one can desirably use the extended finned surfaces and accordingly the following determinations were made based on such a heat exchanger.
Without condensation, the required make-up rate of water lost to evaporation is 85,200 lbs/hr. With a condensation of 11,262 lbs/hr, the make-up rate is reduced to 73,938 lbs/hr or a make-up requirement reduction of 13.2 percent. Where make-up water is expensive this is an additional advantage of the present invention.
Based on the foregoing, heat extracted from the flue gas is 11,500,000 BTU/hr. Using a small amount of the warm air from the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger to reheat the flue gas 10.degree. F. prior to entering the induced draft fan requires steam at 400.degree. F. to heat up approximately 32,000 acfm from 115.degree. F. to 300.degree. F. This is based on an assumed saturation temperature of the flue gas of 128.degree. F. (T.sub.1) which, after reheat, is raised to 138.degree. F. (T.sub.2).
With a typical forced draft fan run at 25 inches W.G. and with a total flow rate of 565,000 acfm at 138.degree. F. and a fan efficiency of 80 percent, the heat of compression causes a temperature rise of 14.degree. F. so that the temperature of the flue gas out of the fan becomes 152.degree. F. (T.sub.3). Plotting the temperature values on a psychrometric chart shows that at a temperture of 152.degree. F. out of the fan, the dew point temperature is slightly less than 128.degree. F. so that the flue gas is 24.degree. F. away from the dew point. This will be enough margin for maintaining the stack dry and thereby permit operation of a high velocity stack without condensing water vapor in the stack and reintrainment of water droplets.
If additional reheat is required due to local plant conditions, the remaining warm air at 115.degree. F. from the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger may be injected after the fan at 115.degree. F. or by reheating it in the optional reheater to bring it up to a higher temperature. By injecting 115.degree. F. air, the temperature of the flue gas becomes 140.degree. F. (T.sub.4) and, by reference to the psychrometric chart, this is still 24.degree. F. away from the dew point. However, the temperature is lower and would result in less heat loss from the stack and, therefore, less chance of condensation. In order to obtain a greater difference in the stack temperature and dew point, the warm air at 115.degree. F. may be heated to, for example, 152.degree. F., in the optional reheater. Plotting this on a psychrometric chart shows a dew point temperature of 118.degree. F. so that the stack temperature is 34.degree. F. away from saturation, a safe margin.
Utilizing reheat of combustion air, illustrated in FIG. 6, results in the following determination. Taking some of the 500.degree. F. preheated combustion air and injecting it after the wet electrostatic precipitator, to produce a 10.degree. F. reheat of the saturated flue gas, requires approximately 25,000 acfm at 500.degree. F. The flue gas temperature becomes 138.degree. F. (T.sub.2) while the flue gas temperature after the fan is 152.degree. F. (T.sub.3), as before. The heat removed from the boiler preheater combustion air is only 6,400,000 BTU/hr while the amount of air removed is only 3.3 percent of that required for combustion.
The warm air at 115.degree. F. from the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger is directed to the suction side of the forced draft fan and as shown above, would supply 11,500,000 BTU/hr to the system. This is approximately twice that removed for reheat, 6,400,000 BTU/hr. Therefore, this system and process enables approximately 20.degree. F. reheat after the wet electrostatic precipitator without a net loss of heat in the system. The warm air form the wet electrostatic precipitator heat exchanger would provide 62 percent of the required combustion air.
Thus, there has been disclosed an improved system for processing flue gas to remove sulfur dioxide and flyash utilizing an integrated spray scrubber and wet electrostatic precipitator and the advantageous extraction and utilization of heat present in the saturated flue gas being processed to result in increased efficiency and improved economy of operation.
1. An integrated system for processing hot flue gas by removal of both particulate material such as flyash and gaseous contaminants such as sulfur dioxide from flue gas comprising a scrubbing tower, means for feeding hot flue gas to the tower for upward flow therein, means for spraying alkali slurry into the flue gas to react with sulfur dioxide therein, electrostatic precipitation means connected to the tower located downstream of the alkali spraying means for precipitating flyash from the scrubbed flue gas, the electrostatic precipitation means comprising discharge electrode means and collection electrode means, the discharge electrode means and collection electrode means together defining a channel for the passage of flue gas therebetween, the collection electrode means having a surface on which the particulate material is precipitated, means spaced from the collection electrode means for defining a chamber is proximity thereto, means for circulating air in the chamber over the collection electrode means to heat the air and to remove heat from the flue gas passing through the channel between the discharge electrode means and collection electrode means and duct means for conducting the heated air to mixing means in communication with the duct means and located within the flue gas processing system for mixing the heated air with one or more gas streams in the system to utilize the heat removed from the flue gas within the processing system to contribute to heating of the gas stream with which the heated air is mixed.
2. The integrated system for processing flue gas as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heat exchanging medium in the chamber cools the collection electrode means surfaces sufficiently to condense water vapor present in the scrubbed flue gas thereon to flush the collection electrode surfaces of particles precipitated thereon.
3. The integrated system for processing hot flue gas as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mixing means comprises means for mixing the heated air with the cleaned flue gas stream exiting from the wet electrostatic precipitator for reheating it.
4. The integrated system for processing hot flue gas as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mixing means comprises means for mixing the heated air with combustion air fed to a boiler from which the flue gas emanates for preheating it.
5. The integrated system for processing hot flue gas as claimed in claim 4 further comprising means for further heating the mixed heated air and combustion air and means for conducting a portion of the thus heated mixed air stream to means for mixing with the cleaned flue gas stream exiting from the wet electrostatic precipitator for reheating it.
6. The integrated system for processing flue gas as claimed in claim 1 wherein the collection electrode means comprises collection tubes having a length (L) and an inner diameter (D) and the discharge electrode means comprises an electrode mast of electrically conducting material having a diameter of from 0.25 to 0.40 D, and a helical screw flight around the electrode mast, the screw flight being made of an electrically conducting material having an outer diameter (d) of from 0.33 to 0.67 D, and a substantially symmetrically curved outer discharge edge in cross section.
7. The integrated system for processing flue gas as claimed in claim 6 wherein the helix of the discharge electrode is spaced at a distance greater than D-d/2 from each end of the collector tube.
8. The integrated system for processing flue gas as claimed in claim 6 wherein the pitch of the discharge electrode helical screw flight is from D-d/2 to D-d, and the overall length (1) of the helical screw flight is from one screw revolution to L-(D-d).
9. The integrated system for processing flue gas as claimed in claim 8 further comprising means for providing a high strength electric field between the collection electrode means and the discharge electrode means; whereby a substantially symmetrical, high density current flow between the discharge electrode and the collection tube is created when high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode.
10. The integrated system for processing flue gas as claimed in claim 6, 7, 8 or 9 wherein the heat exchanging medium in the chamber cools the collection surfaces sufficiently to condense water vapor present in the scrubbed flue gas thereon to flush the collection tube surfaces of particles precipitated thereon.
11. An integrated system for removing sulfur dioxide and flyash from hot flue gas comprising a scrubbing tower, a low pressure-drop venturi scrubber quencher located upstream of the scrubbing tower, means for feeding hot flue gas to the venturi scrubber quencher, means for introducing aqueous slurry to the venturi scrubber quencher to saturate the flue gas with water vapor and remove coarse flyash particles from the flue gas, duct means for connecting the venturi scrubber quencher to the scrubber tower and conducting the flue gas from the venturi scrubber quencher to the tower for upward flow therein, spray means located within the tower for spraying alkali slurry into the flue gas to absorb and react with the sulfur dioxide therein, means located within the tower for collecting and recirculating slurry containing absorbed sulfur dioxide to the spray means to increase the residence time for the reaction of alkali and sulfur dioxide, discharge means connected to the tower for removing slurry containing reaction products of alkali and sulfur dioxide and precipitated flyash from the tower, means connected to the discharge means for dewatering the slurry so removed to obtain a waste product, interface tray means located in the tower downstream of the alkali slurry spray means, means for spraying the interface tray means with an unreactive aqueous solution, a wet electrostatic precipitator located downstream of the tower and connected thereto by flue gas directing means for electrostatically removing flyash and entrained slurry droplets from the scrubbed flue gas, the wet electrostatic precipitator comprising a cross flow heat exchanger having collection electrode tubes through which the flue gas passes, the tubes being arranged between tube sheets, means for causing ambient air to flow across the outside of the tubes to remove heat from the flue gas and heat the flowing ambient air to cool the tube walls to cause condensation on the tube wall surfaces, and duct means connected to the heat exchanger to conduct the heated flowing ambient air means to mixing means for mixing at least part of the heated air with combustion air for the boiler furnace, the flue gas of which is being processed, to preheat the combustion air, boiler combustion air preheater means for preheating the combustion air mixed with the heated air, means for passing the mixed air stream through the preheater means, means located downstream of the preheater means to separate and conduct a portion of the further preheated mixed air stream to means for mixing with the cleaned flue gas stream leaving the wet electrostatic precipitator to reheat it.
12. An integrated system for removing sulfur dioxide and flyash from flue gas as claimed in claim 11 wherein the cross-sectional area of the scrubbing tower and the wet electrostatic precipitator through which the flue gas flows are approximately the same.
13. An integrated system for removing sulfur dioxide and flyash from flue gas as claimed in claim 11 wherein the wet electrostatic precipitator comprises a discharge electrode having a helical discharge surface and effective large diameter high velocity characteristics producing a totally symmetric electrostatic field.
|3834129||September 1974||Darlinger et al.|
|3907526||September 1975||Saleem et al.|
|3958961||May 25, 1976||Bakke et al.|
|4026992||May 31, 1977||Shiga et al.|
- Flue Gas Desulfurization-Joy Mfg. Co., Western Precipitation Div., pp. 1-4, dtd. 11/73.
Filed: Mar 13, 1980
Date of Patent: Dec 15, 1981
Assignee: Peabody Process Systems, Inc. (Stamford, CT)
Inventors: Howard P. Willett (Darien, CT), Even Bakke (Stamford, CT)
Primary Examiner: Bernard Nozick
Law Firm: St.Orge, Steward, Johnston, Reens & Noe
Application Number: 6/130,202
International Classification: B01D 5000;


text:
I know I'm not the only one who has seen / heard all this crazy **** strange is happening :
- birds falling from the sky
- No dolphins and whales in the ocean be
- No wait tornadoes
#1Rocket90Answered at 2013-02-28 00:11:43
I live in Christchurch, New Zealand, a country that has experienced a significant earthquake (several thousands, actually, if you count the replicas) in three important occasions - Sep 4, 2010 (7.4), 22 February 2011 (6.3 but very shallow so destroyed half the city), and 5.8 in June (8th), but that was just a severe aftershock.
When the earthquake struck in September, nothing bad happened - a few cracks here and there, no death, something close so everybody breathed a sigh of relief. It happened at 4am so no rush hour traffic was going on or something.
Several hundred aftershocks occurred prior to February, and everyone thought the earth was calming down and would be fine in time.
At 24:51 (lunch end, ie a boring weekday February - summer here) I was waiting in the lobby of an educational institute where I was studying, I still am now, but at another school, when the * BIG * a coup and overthrew entire buildings in this city, killing a couple of hundred people, destroying neighborhoods and streets overflow causing liquefaction (metro limo comes to the surface and hurling him as a geyser).
In March, a madman named 'Ken Ring' appeared on national television and announced that, according to the moon and its pseudo science, this city will be beaten by an earthquake murderer in the coming months (until then).
Needless to say, the whole country collectively hated and now is in hiding (I think). The day came and went without incident and tried to claim Ken Ring June 8 earthquake as its being correct, although it is laughable compared to February, months after saying something would happen, and clearly trying to save face .
My point is that while this time period (2012 now, but this sequence, as I know it, began in 2010) is unfortunate given that proclaim historical rantings bad things for 2012, real bad things happened in 2011 - just ask the poor Japanese (as well as anyone in this city).
So, I think if something biblically cataclysm would happen, would by now and would'nt start somewhere small nation in the a $ $ end of the world like New Zealand's, or a non-Christian nation like Japan, which would occur somewhere in the Middle East, pad near home of Jesus.
If a scientist who goes on television saying that tomorrow is Earth asteroid tied or something, * then * I'll start to believe the hype of 2012, but, honestly, although these earthquakes have been terrible for many around the world , they do not seem great enough to read it like some prediction of the end of time.
Dolphins and whales are not found in the oceans because the Japanese are too busy eating them. Birds are falling from the sky because we (humans) are too busy polluting it, and tornadoes do not listen to anyone for what they will do whatever they want.
We (humans) are just super added all these things are signs, like the year 2000 would be the end, but not, I think that 1996 would be the return of the Antichrist (or am I confusing that with album of Marilyn Manson? ... can not remember), 2012 and will be remembered as a year right royally s ***, but one that still will end with Christmas and New Year celebrations and countdowns collective.
Unless foreigners come here or some nut in the Middle East chooses to smoke a lot of hash and nuclear push of a button, this year will not armageddon.
Although, I must admit, I have entertained the question many times, but that's usually when I take the public bus drives along with this inner city bridge overlooking a main road, and I think another jolt decent in that time, probably will descend on the bus I'm on board.
I now * always * sigh of relief when the bus passes.
The replicas here are now virtually disappeared. Spend whole days with rumors now of little importance. The hype of 2012 is just that - history speaks up.
#3Sushi!Answered at 2013-03-21 00:38:22
Do not worry about it , every two years , a group of people will choose a random date when everything ends . If you really look at the world there are always strange and inexplicable things happening, and there will always be periods of strange and extreme weather , sometimes altering the course of history , did you know that when the British sacked DC in 1812 a tornado chased off the city halfway ? In 1809 the belligerent powers of the Finnish War were able to march armies through the Baltic Sea, as it stood , if that happened today can you imagine the media freakout would ? If you are going to end this will end , but just in case you do not plan to work on December 22 this year .

domain: geography


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The fashion for chinoiserie dates to the mid seventeenth century after the restoration of Charles II, when trade with the Far East flourished, instilling a newfound fashion for Chinese lacquer screens, cabinets and chests. To satisfy this demand, English and Continental cabinetmakers developed 'japanning' in imitation of true Asian lacquer. European artists found inspiration in contemporary images of Asia such as those engraved and published by the Dutch East Indies Company, while John Stalker and George Parker's A Treatise on Japanning and Varnishing (1688) provided instruction and a 'Hundred distinct Patterns for Japan-work’ for professional craftsmen and amateur practitioners.
Based on similar examples, it is likely that this cabinet was made by the workshop of John Belchier (d. 1753) of 'The Sun' in St. Paul's Churchyard, London, who is first recorded working in 1717. Other cabinets bearing his label feature doors with similar compartmental vignettes on a patterned ground include a green-ground example (see C. Gilbert, ed., Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, 1996, p. 82, figs. 57-59) and a scarlet pedimented example from the Plydell-Bouverie family, sold Sotheby's, London, 30 November 2001, lot 160 (£113,500). Two japanned cabinets supplied by Belchier for Erddig Castle, Wales were described in 1732 as being 'in ye grandst manner and after ye newest fashion'. One of these, a 'Red Japan Cabinet', listed in the 'Blew Mohair' bedroom in the 1726 inventory, features similar arch-headed and mirrored doors and fitted interior (M. Drury, 'Early Eighteenth-Century Furniture at Erddig', Apollo, July 1978, p. 52, pl. II). More recently a green-ground example was sold Christie’s, New York, 18-19 April 2012, lot 53 ($302,500). The current lot is a particularly well-preserved example, retaining its original decoration in a largely un-restored condition.

domain: artistic


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“If you’re not careful, the newspapers will have you hating the people who are being oppressed, and loving the people who are doing the oppressing.”- Malcolm X.
On the 3rd of July Drew Nelson, the Grand Secretary of the Orange Lodge of Ireland, spoke before Seanad Éireann. As if this was not already surreal enough, he claimed his organisation would welcome an opportunity to march through Dublin city. I don’t know about Mr Nelson but I remember what happened on the 25th of February 2006.
What was particularly galling about this cosy little visit to our national parliament however, was the Orange Orders attempt to portray itself as a defender of a beleaguered minority. Quick to draw attention to sectarian attacks upon Protestants during the last few decades of conflict, Nelson also criticized budget cuts to Protestant schools in the Republic. This is probably the first time that the Orange Order have attempted to take the side of the oppressed rather than the oppressor- after all, they have plenty of experience in acting as the latter. The organisation was formed amid the Penal Laws of 1790s Ireland and took part in the expulsion of large numbers of Catholics from the province of Ulster. The Orange Order, throughout history, has a track record of upholding the privileges of elites, whether they be the Protestant Ascendancy of the eighteenth century or the bigoted Stormont government of the twentieth. Why is a group which has continually blocked any Irish effort at self-determination and discriminated against those who indentify themselves as Irish permitted to send its members before the Seanad to present a lecture on tolerance and equality? I am keenly awaiting a predominantly African-American city council in the US to receive members of the Ku Klux Klan.
This is not an isolated incident. A prominent trend exists in the Irish media for all blame for the war (Yes, it was a war despite the euphemistic description of ‘The Troubles’) in the north of this island to be attached to republicans. I’m no great lover of Sinn Fein and I do not condone many of the heinous crimes committed by republican paramilitaries. Yet to listen to many prominent figures in the media, one would believe that no atrocities were ever committed by British state forces or, perish the thought, members of the unionist community. In today’s Sunday Independent we have Eoghan Harris criticizing Sinn Fein and claiming nobody should associate a party with a blood-stained legacy. A similar diatribe is to be found in last weeks article, but here Harris also gives himself enormous credit for having dealings with the Orange Order which he believes to be ‘a rational response to particular historical pressures’. The hypocrisy in Harris’ words is astounding. He attacks all actions by the paramilitaries which arose from a colonized and downtrodden people but defends the organisation which enforced this discriminatory social order. If he believes that the blatant bigotry of the Orange Order is historically justifiable, why not the violence of the IRA? Because Harris has fallen into a common trap for Irish journalists and academics- the belief that bringing about peace in Ireland require berating the past violence of any Irish nationalists while justifying or even sanctifying that committed by the British government or its pawns in the unionist community. Such an approach does not aid peace. It allows the thuggish bigoted members of the Orange Order to carry on believing that they are in fact the oppressed. In doing so, it sows the seeds for yet more violence and hatred to emerge from the Protestants of Ulster.

domain: history


For more than a year, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has threatened to defeat Kurdish militants in northeastern Syria. But every time something bothered him.
Akashma Marivel Guzman, you have nicely highlighted the facts about the Indian crimes in Kashmir since 1948, and what you say is absolutely true. The UN can still take steps to stop the Indian savagery in Kashmir, but there are too many restraints upon its proper functioning. The big powers have their geopolitical and economic interests in international politics. They are quite complacent with the policies of India in international trade and economic relations.
Information about the results of negotiations between the United States and the Taliban is not that vague or contradictory ...
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has threatened the European Union that he will open the doors to Europe for at least a million refugees if his country does not receive further financial support from Brussels for their needs, and from the Un


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The Muscular Dystrophy Association recently awarded an MDA human clinical trial grant for the development of a critical biomarker for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) to Mary M. Reilly, professor of clinical neurology and consultant neurologist, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London. The investment, totaling $1 million over three years, will . . .
MDA has announced the award of 13 new grants totaling $2.6 million as part of its continued commitment to finding treatments and cures for the diseases in its program. Each of the 13 new grants funds a project that aims to increase our understanding of the causes or underlying mechanisms of neuromuscular disease or potential . . .
Since 1986, when MDA-funded researchers identified the gene that, when flawed, leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), scientists have been actively pursuing treatments and cures. In the past 12 months, MDA has awarded research grants to the following individuals who are building on the strong foundation of previous research and discovery to better understand — and someday cure — the diseases.
Angela Lek, a postdoctoral research fellow at Boston Children sHospital, was awarded an MDA development grant totaling $180,000 over three years to use cutting-edge techniques and a novel approach to search for drug targets in FSHD.

domain: news


Thousands of people have gathered at the top vantage points around Sydney Harbour to watch the New Year's Eve fireworks.
More than 1.5 million people were expected to pour into the city's CBD tonight to bring in 2013.
The gates opened at Mrs Macquarie's Point at 10am and some revellers arrived around 24 hours in advance to stake out a spot.
The City of Sydney said the Opera House viewing area was full and closed as of 1pm (AEDT).
Revellers have been advised to use public transport with a number of roads closed ahead of the fireworks.
Information on Sydney transport options can be found here
Lord Mayor Clover Moore says the fireworks will be watched on TV by two million Australians, and by another one billion people around the world.
The Mayor says the scene is set for eight hours of entertainment.
"We have Imagination Australia and our team, and Kylie (Minogue), putting the final touches on the effects for the bridge," she said.
Five Aboriginal primary school students have been working throughout 2012 for their New Year's tickets.
They were granted spots in the VIP tent for having the best marks and the best school attendance.
Macenzee Blakeney, 9, says she is looking forward to the fireworks.
Thousands of extra police are patrolling the streets of Sydney for tonight's festivities, and authorities say they will not tolerate anti-social behaviour.
Deputy Commissioner Nick Kaldas says alcohol will again be a major concern, particularly enforcing alcohol-free zones around Sydney Harbour.
"We have over 3,000 police officers who are going to be deployed in relation to New Year's Eve across the state," he said.
"One thing that people need to be aware of is the number of alcohol-free zones is going to be increased significantly.
"People need to be aware if they are going into one of the zones that are going to be designated alcohol free, they should not take alcohol. It will be confiscated."


A simple morning workout from a fitness instructor enhances energy and decreases fatigue.
Gede Foster, Fiit’s head of fitness, described her morning mobility exercise regimen, which gets your blood circulating, stretches your muscles, and gets you ready for the day.
On Instagram, Gede Foster, Fiit’s head of fitness, is a specialist personal trainer who has polished her figure and helps others reach their goals.
And her most recent fitness regimen is perfect for blowing off the cobwebs, feeling more energized, and getting some movement in before the day begins.
Plus, if you’re worried about working out first thing in the morning, don’t be. It’s a pretty moderate workout.
Gede’s “morning mobility” exercise is based on yoga methods and poses that increase blood flow while also relaxing the mind.
“Set yourself up for success with some mild morning movement,” Gede said on Instagram, alongside a photo and many demonstrations.
Here’s how her ideal morning ritual gets you ready for the day.
“Let me know how this improves your day!” Gede added. “Save this for the morning!” If you need assistance with any of the exercises, you may see Gede perform them by clicking the arrow on her Instagram photo above.
Gene’s fitness admirers complimented the simple program in the comments.
“Saved,” one person said, while another stated, “Need to do this.”
“Loving this,” wrote a third, and “This is really fantastic,” said another.
What motivates you to get out of bed in the morning? Let us know in the comments…


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domain: game


text:
I’m so excited that The Love Script by Toni is NOW AVAILABLE!
I loved this book to pieces! Check out my full review below!
My Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Oh my stars! What a phenomenal read! I’ve been a huge fan of Toni Shiloh’s books for years, and they are always most anticipated releases for me!
I seriously adored The Love Script so very much! I loved Nevaeh, she is a wonderful heroine and I found myself relating to her faith journey. And Lamont is AMAZING! Where can I find me a man like him?!
I adored all the characters, Nevaeh, Lamont, Ms. Rosie, Tuck, Piper, and Chris. I wish they were real because I would love to be friends with them!
I’m fascinated by Hollywood and if a book is set there and features at least one celebrity character then sign me up! I loved the way the author brought to life the pros and cons of life in the spotlight, and the challenges (and the positives) that come with being a Christ-follower in Hollywood! Loved, loved, LOVED that!
I always love the way Toni Shiloh so beautifully and organically weaves faith into her stories!
This book was an absolute joy to read and I loved every single moment of it!
I love everything that Toni Shiloh writes, but The Love Script is one of my very favorites of her books, and I cannot wait for the next book in the series!
I most highly recommend The Love Script! Grab yourself a copy ASAP! You do not wanna miss this beautiful masterpiece!
I received a complimentary copy of this book from the publisher.
My review was not influenced in any way. All thoughts and opinions are one hundred percent my own.
Click HERE to grab your copy!

domain: literature


text:
Sojitz Corp is expanding its imports of rare earths, with the aim of securing about 15,000 tons annually by around 2013, roughly half the current demand in Japan, the trading company's president, Yutaka Kase, told The Nikkei in Hanoi.
The company plans to continue procuring about 3000 tonnes of rare earths annually from China, and will begin imports from western Australia in 2011 and Vietnam at the end of 2012. So far, it has secured a supply of 7000 tonnes from Australia. It is also expected to procure about 3000 tonnes from Vietnam in a joint project with Toyota Tsusho Corp.
The trading firm will also consider importing the vital industrial raw materials from Africa next year, Kase said. Southern Africa appears to be most promising as a source of supply. He did not give details such as production volumes.
By diversifying its sources of supply, Sojitz hopes to expand annual imports of rare earths 300-400 per cent to about 15,000 tonnes by 2013.
Rare earths are essential to the production of such products as hybrid cars and LCD TVs. Japan relies heavily on China for the metals, and domestic firms are trying to reduce their dependence on China by finding new suppliers elsewhere.
The Australian Financial Review

domain: finance


text:
World Bulletin / News Desk
Canadian Natural Resources Limited announced Thursday it has entered into an agreement to buy Royal Dutch Shell’s assets and half of Marathon Oil’s stake in the Alberta oil sands for (C)$12.74 billion.
The blockbuster deal, which is subject to approval, includes (US)$7.9 billion cash and 98 million Canadian Natural shares going to Shell, as well as $2.5 billion for the Marathon purchase.
It will see about 3,100 employees from Shell and Marathon Oil move under the Canadian Natural banner.
Shell has been pursuing a path to cut its debt by US$30 billion and the sale to Canadian Natural puts the Anglo-Dutch company about two-thirds of the way to that goal, reported the Financial Post newspaper.
“This announcement is a significant step in re-shaping Shell’s portfolio,” the company’s Chief Executive Officer Ben Van Beurden said in a statement. “The proceeds will accelerate free cash flow…and make a meaningful contribution to Shell’s US$30 billion divestment program.”
The Alberta oil sands are the third largest proven oil reserves in the world, CTV television news reported.
Corey Bieber, Canadian Natural’s chief financial officer, lauded the deal.
“It is a rare opportunity to be able to acquire [an] asset like [this],” he said.
The oil sands are “migrating to fewer players who can drive efficiencies through economies of scale”, Canadian Natural president Steve Laut said in a conference call with analysts, CTV reported.


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I created this painting from a photo that I took when saying good bye to my neighbors who move away to Texas. I miss them a lot in specially the kits. The paint is 12×9 inches in size, Lukas Watercolors and Fabriano 140 lb paper.
Last year, I went to see the Purcellville, VA 4th of July Parade and I love it so much that I decided to create this painting from a photo that I took. The size of this painting is 12×16 in, Lukas Watercolor and Strathmore 140 lb paper.
I took this photo when walking in Downtown DC. for the Cherry Blossom Parade. Love the color of the kimono dresses on this waking ladies. The painting is 12×9 in, Luka Watercolor and Fabriano 140lb paper.
This painting was created from a photo taking in Washington D.C during the Cherry Blossom Parade 2016. I love the group of people walking in the park and the wonderful of colors shown in the trees and clothes. This painting is 12×9 in size, Lukas Watercolor and Fabriano 140lb paper.
I created this painting from a photo taking during a driving thru Virginia Route 7. The painting is 12×9 in , Lukas watercolor, and Fabriano 140 Lb paper. I love the country view when driving thru this region.
Spring is already here in Washington D.C. and everyone is taking photos. So I decided to paint this painting from one of my photos when visiting the Washington monuments. The paint is 9×12 in size, Lukas Watercolor and Fabriano 140 lb paper.
Well, Spring is in the air in Washington DC. My wife took a photo of the Washington DC Obelisk looking across the Potomac River. This paint is 9×12 in in size, Lukas watercolors and on Strathmore 140lb paper.
Well, The first snow storm of 2016 in VA. Two days of snow and 29 inches to clean up. I could not avoid doing this quick painting of my dear wife playing on the snow. Done with Lukas watercolors, straphmore 140 lb paper and 9×12 in size.
On my last year trip to Las Vegas, I took this wonderful photo of the statue of liberty. I love it and I have created this wonderful watercolor painting. The size is 9×12 in strathmore 140 lb paper and Lukas watercolor.
This is a painting that I created when I went on vacation to Las Vegas this year. It was created using Lukas watercolors on a Strathmore paper 140 lb. The size is 11 x 9 in.

domain: hobby


text:
Banno Biriyani Basmati Rice 500g
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domain: food


text:
When Cyclone Pam struck Vanuatu in 2015, Wendy Tomasi was working as an Officer of Women’s Affairs on the island of Tanna: one of the worst hit islands.
“When we were warned about the cyclone, the men didn’t believe that it would be a big deal. It was the women who pushed communities to prepare. They made sure that food was stored in safe, dry places and ran around telling everyone to take shelter from the storm,” Wendy said.
“Just before the cyclone hit, there were people walking around outside in the wind trying to find shelter. I ran around to them and called them into my house. I did everything I could to ensure that everyone around me was as safe as possible during the cyclone.
“And you know what?” Wendy asks. “Everything I instructed, the men paid attention to. I knew that it was up to me to make the right decisions. And it wasn’t just me who was leading and ensuring things were ok during the storm: all of the other women who had taken shelter in my home were instructing their families, too.
“In the end, we had 68 people in my little house, huddled together. We were jammed in, we could barely move, there were so many of us. We stayed awake until the cyclone passed, and then everyone fell asleep. It was 2am. I pulled a chair out from inside and sat just outside on my own in the quiet night while everyone inside slept. It took me a long time to calm down. Eventually, I was calm enough and I returned indoors, where I squeezed into a place on the floor and slept with the others.”
Photography credits: Jeff Tan/ActionAid

domain: sociology


text:
It’s good to try new things, y’all.
I found the recipe for these simple, but scrumptious Pigskin Potatoes in a Rachael Ray cookbook over the weekend, and I just knew they would be good. The book is a classic Rachael Ray cookbook from 2006 titled The All-Occasion Cookbook and these Pig Skin Potatoes are included in a menu suggested for sports fans, hence the odd-sounding name.
I’ve roasted my share of potatoes through the years, but I’ve never seasoned them like this before.
In her recipe, she combines sliced potatoes with evoo (extra virgin olive oil), and seasons them with Montreal Steak Seasoning. It’s truly a super simple recipe, but the use of the Montreal Steak blend made these roasted potato wedges new for me.
We actually love the McCormick brand of this seasoning blend and we use it often to season meat, it’s so good for that! It’s a very peppery spice mix however, and before I found this recipe it’s doubtful I would have ever thought to use it to season potatoes.
I’m so glad to have made these simple, yet zippy potatoes as they were an instant hit with everyone in my house. The “test” batch was gobbled up in a jiffy, and then everyone proceeded to name a dish they thought would pair up well with them.
Burgers were mentioned specifically, as were baby back ribs and sloppy joes! All excellent suggestions, but I actually quite like them all on their own, and I can see them being part of an appetizer table with other hearty, warm foods like queso and chips, and pigs-in-a-blanket.
Thanks so much to my friend, Jolene, from the food blog Jolene’s Recipe Journal for inviting me to be a part of her National Cookbook Month recipe sharing event today!
I purchased this book at a thrift store several months ago and I haven’t taken much time to peruse it’s pages, and I’m so glad I finally did. I found a few other tasty dishes I plan to try soon too.
A few of my very talented blogging friends are sharing recipes today too, so be sure and check out their posts as well, I just know you’ll be glad you did!! The list of fresh recipes is posted just below.
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More #NationalCookbookMonth Recipes!!
Pig Skin PotatoesCourse: Appetizers, SidesCuisine: AmericanDifficulty: Easy
These zesty Pigskin Potatoes are delicious and they’re perfect as a snack on their own, or served with an array of warm appetizers. Be sure to serve them with a bowl of your favorite spicy french fry sauce. They also make a wonderful side dish for any type of hot sandwich or any thing from the grill!
2 large Russet potatoes, skins-on and scrubbed
Extra-virgin olive oil (evoo)
Montreal Steak seasoning (McCormick Brand)
- Preheat the oven to 425°F. Cover a cooking sheet with parchment paper and set it aside.
- Slice potatoes lengthwise into thin wedges and place them in a large mixing bowl.
- Coat potatoes with a little olive oil (evoo) and sprinkle generously with steak seasoning. Transfer potato wedges to prepared cooking sheet.
- Roast potatoes wedges for 20 minutes or until brown and crisp. Enjoy!!
- Recipe from A Little Fish in the Kitchen blog at www.alittlefishinthekitchen.com. All content is owned by Marcelle G. Bolton. Please contact the author for permission to republish.


From the high banks of Daytona to the hallowed drag strips of
Pomona and Indianapolis, Jack Roush has raced at all of them -- in
NASCAR, NHRA and more, and has been inducted into the Motorsports
Hall of Fame. And of course, the performance heritage and history
of the Mustang is among the great stories in the automotive world.
Roush also served as an engineer at Ford. So the concept of a Roush
Mustang is an enticing one. Starting with a 4.6L powered 2005
Mustang GT, the Roush package includes a unique two-tone leather
interior, a special ground effects package, and spoiler. Bright
yellow paint with black stripes boldly announce the car's pedigree.
The proven 4.6 modular V8 and 5-speed manual make a fun-to-drive
combination along with the Roush appearance package. It features
Roush graphics, fender badges, deck lid emblem, windshield banner
and embroidered floor mats. Stage 1 options include leather seats,
Jack Roush-autographed gauge cluster, and billeted aluminum pedals
and color-keyed shift knob. 20-inch chrome wheels and
high-performance Hankook tires enhance handling and add even more
to the Roush high performance appearance. 2005 was the first year
of the very successful Larry Erickson design Mustang, whose styling
astutely blended the classic cues with modern techniques and
aerodynamic function. This 2005 Mustang GT Roush is an
exceptionally well-balanced package for performance, driveability,
and head-turning looks. ********** DISCLAIMER MAXmotive specializes
in collectible classic and custom vehicles. We have more than 200
vehicles in our collection and have sold dozens nationwide and even
overseas. We recommend that all buyers who are unable to view a
vehicle in person have a pre-purchase inspection done prior to
purchase. Inspections can be performed by an independent party
selected by the buyer. Due to the age and uniqueness of these
special vehicles, it is difficult to cover all aspects and
characteristics of each vehicle?s condition within the limited
space available. Thus, pre-purchase inspections are helpful to all
parties involved. The information provided for this vehicle is
presented to the best of our knowledge, and is deemed reliable. But
MAXmotive does not warrant or guarantee this information as a basis
for purchase. It is the responsibility of the buyer to make a
thorough inspection to determine the suitability of the vehicle
prior to purchase. **********
2005 Ford Mustang
Interested in something else? Search these similar vehicles...
ClassicCars.com has been recognized as one of the fastest-growing private companies in the United States, successfully making the Inc. 5000 list in both 2015,
2016, 2017 and 2018. This prestigious accolade represents the continued growth of the company, and ClassicCars.com's dominance as the world's largest online marketplace for
buying and selling classic and collector vehicles.
The Stevie Awards, the world's premier business awards recognized
ClassicCars.com's first-class Customer Support team with a Stevie Bronze Award in 2019, celebrating the team's skills as exemplary customer support specialists.
In 2016 The Journal, brought to you by ClassicCars.com, was celebrated as the SECOND MOST INFLUENTIAL automotive blog in the world by NFC Performance.


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Mary Frame, author
The plan is simple: stay in Blue Falls, Texas, for a few months to lick my wounds, search for work, and save up money to move back to New York. Then breeze back into town with a great job and a new plan for my life, and show my ex and everyone else what I’m made of. Like the Punisher, but you know, without all the violence and eternal vengeance. So when a silent giant of a man known only as Beast asks me to help him with dating of all things, the simple plan gets a little complicated. Everyone else in this town might fail to notice the intense, talented man beneath the wordless Hulk exterior, but before long, I’m sucked into his quiet world. His washboard abs and Captain America–worthy smiles don’t hurt, but it’s his heart that makes it impossible to stay away. He’s sacrificed his dreams to care for those closest to him. Yet my own dreams will push us apart if I can’t find a way to change the script. I’m only a visitor in Blue Falls, and New York City is calling. If I’m ever going to be the superhero in my own story, I’ll have to give up the one person who makes me see that I’m worth the effort. I’ll have to give up my heart . . . unless I can convince Beast to leave his own behind.
This refreshing standalone companion novel to Frame’s Dorky Duet series charms with unforgettable characters and an expert balance of wry humor and tender moments. Fredericka Klein escapes New York for Blue Falls, Tex., to get back on her feet after a breakup. Six months later, she’s still bunking with her best friend’s grandmother, surrounded by the town’s odd but endearing misfits. Fred’s frequent habit of referencing nerd culture combined with the fact that she’s “the most socially graceless person on the planet” tends to put people off. But Beast, a gentle giant who lost the ability to speak following a traumatic event, doesn’t mind Fred’s endless chatter. Though opposites, they’re drawn to each other, finding a unique way of communicating that combines written word, technology, and sign language. Unlike her unsupportive ex, Beast reminds Fred that she’s the main character of her own story, and that her passion is what sets her apart. But Fred knows she’ll have to return to New York eventually and worries she won’t survive another heartbreak. The story is relatively simple, allowing the eccentricities of the townsfolk and the heartwarming exchanges between awkward but charming Fred and earnest Beast to take center stage. Combining sparkling wit and sensitivity, this is sure to sweep readers away. (Self-published)

domain: library


During the operational phase, the spudcan foundations of a mobile jack-up rig are subjected to combined vertical, horizontal and moment loading. Although previous research has indicated a substantial increase in vertical bearing capacity when a spudcan penetrates through a soft clay layer towards a sand layer, the response of spudcan foundations subjected to combined loadings in such stratification has yet to be understood. This study investigates the effect of the underlying stronger sand layer on the undrained VHM capacity of a spudcan foundation using three-dimensional small-strain finite element analysis. Results show the significant increase in vertical and moment capacity, whereas the horizontal capacity is minimally affected. The soil failure mechanisms are identified and changes in the size and shape of failure envelopes, accounting for the sand layer underneath, are quantified. An analytical expression is proposed to predict the combined capacity of a spudcan foundation in clay overlying sand.
- Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering Division
Effect of Underlying Sand Layer on Undrained Capacity of Spudcan Foundations in Soft Clay Under Combined Loading
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Wang, Y, Cassidy, MJ, & Bienen, B. "Effect of Underlying Sand Layer on Undrained Capacity of Spudcan Foundations in Soft Clay Under Combined Loading." Proceedings of the ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. Volume 9: Offshore Geotechnics; Honoring Symposium for Professor Bernard Molin on Marine and Offshore Hydrodynamics. Madrid, Spain. June 17–22, 2018. V009T10A031. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-78198
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Date: September 25, 2018
Location: The Rec Room
Photographer: Mark Ramirez
Mid-South movie fans enjoyed an evening of drinks, food, and film in anticipation of the celebrated 2018 Indie Memphis Film Festival. The lineup for this year’s festival was announced, as well as the numerous film-related events taking place at locations across Memphis on November 1-5.
Share this Event from 4Memphis Magazine

domain: entertainment


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Decker/Lazarus Series, No 19
August 2010 / ISBN 9780061702563
by Barbara Buhrer
Peter Decker, LAPD lieutenant,
is celebrating his 60th birthday. He reluctantly agrees to do his
friend, Teresa McLauglin, a favor. He is to attend a meeting between
her and her psychotic hit man husband, Chris Donatti, from whom
she has run away with their son Gabe. Instead Gabe tells Peter that
his mother is missing. Peter takes Gabe home where Rina and their
daughter, Hannah, do their best to make him feel at home. Peter
searched for Teresa as a missing person. Then Donatti disappears.
Meanwhile a nurse at
the local hospital is found hanging at a nearby construction site.
Soon, another murder victim, a close friend of the victim, is found
at the site. Is there any connection between the disappearance of
Tony and these murders? Peter and his team must find the answers
before more mayhem occurs.
This latest addition
to the story of Decker and Lazarus is a well written procedural
drama. It mixes religion with crime, showing commitment to family
and friends. We learn a lot about Jewish tradition. This is a thriller
with nonstop action with excellent police work.


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Saturday, November 18, 2023 3:43 pm
President George Weah, displayed true sportsmanship at a dinner with ministers and aides, in a tolerant and optimistic mood, receiving strings of phone calls from world leaders.
The calls were mainly expression of admiration and showering of accolades to him and Liberians for a peaceful democratic transition.
Weah, 57, a former international football star, who won 3 awards in a row, as best African, European and World footballer of the year, really displayed sportsmanship to concede and congratulate the president elect, Boakai, even before the final results were out.
At the dinner, last night in Monrovia, Weah wore an optimistic and zealous look, toward the next polls in 2029.
Liberia has a six-year tenure of presidential leadership.


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"Blacula" it ain't!
- Ganja and Hess review by Count Otto Black
If I say "vampire movie with an almost entirely black cast and crew made in 1973", the word "blaxsploitation" will inevitably spring into your mind. Nothing could be further from the truth. This is (mostly) a lyrical, symbolic art-house film which happens to involve a lot of black people, and happens to be about vampires. Of course, the studio wanted something very similar to "Blacula", and that's what they paid for. What they got was something completely different that the director snuck under the radar, which was why it was lauded by the critics but ignored by the general public, and almost immediately re-edited into a horribly butchered version that most of the people responsible for the original cut disowned, but was the only way you could see it throughout the video age.
So here's the genuine article, though it has to be said that the print, which was undoubtedly the best they could find, is watchable but not exactly perfect. Is it the legendary lost masterpiece a lot of people have claimed over the years? As with almost all films whose reputation rests to some extent on being impossible to see for a very long time, the answer is "not exactly". It's certainly way ahead of its time in its treatment of vampirism as an addiction. On the other hand, it's blatantly obvious that the director really wanted to make a movie about the scourge of drug addiction in black communities, and tailored the subject-matter he was stuck with to put his point across through extremely blunt symbolism.
Especially in the early scenes, the horror of being a junkie is powerfully conveyed, and the fact that the accidental addict is a highly intelligent, well-educated, and thoroughly decent man who nevertheless cannot resist the ghastly craving that makes him act in a subhuman fashion is put across very convincingly by Duane Jones, who you may remember as the hero of "The Night of the Living Dead". Unfortunately, the entire vampire thing is glossed over a bit too casually - apparently you catch it from African magic daggers if some nutter you happen to know stabs you with them for no reason at all. And the later stages of the movie, in which our hero meets the woman of his dreams, make him seem bizarrely indecisive. Does he want them both to live forever as vampires, or both find eternal rest? He seems to change his mind ridiculously quickly. As for the lengthy shots of people running in slow motion through flowers and such, juxtaposed with hammy imagery of blood oozing out of cracked antiques, they just made me wish for a bit less Ingmar Bergman and a bit more Hammer!
At its best, this is a potential masterpiece with a great central performance (I didn't take so much to Marlene Clark, whose big revelatory scene seems very contrived indeed, but maybe that's just me). Some of the vampire imagery is both truly horrific and sufficiently rooted in everyday reality to be even harder-hitting, and the viewer really does get that this is a good man struggling with a very, very bad thing. And then it gets all arty-farty and throws that away. Is Bill Gunn trying to emulate "The Seventh Seal" or "Mean Streets"? Probably both, and I think his undoubted talent would have expressed itself better if he'd paid homage to them one at a time. This is the kind of film where I can see there's something interesting and worthwhile going on, but I can't like it as much as I feel maybe I ought to.
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Black Sabbath to headline British Summer Time 2014
01 Apr 2014
Black Sabbath is the latest act confirmed to headline British Summer Time 2014 and will be joined by Soungarden and Faith No More.
Black Sabbath will headline the festival, which takes place in London’s Hyde Park and spans over 10 days, on Friday 4 July. Along with Black Sabbath, British Summer Time 2014 confirmed several other acts that will perform on the Friday.
On the Main Stage, Black Sabbath will be joined by Soundgarden, Faith No More, Motorhead, Soulfly and Wolfmother. Playing The Barclaycard Theatre will be Hell, Kobra, Broken Hands and Bots while Gallows, Bo Ningen, The Graveltons, Hang The Bastard and A Plastic Rose will perform on the Village Hall stage. Rise To Remain, Blitz Kids, The Struts and The First will play the Summer Stage.
Black Sabbath joins headliners McBusted, who perform on Sunday 6 July with Backstreet Boys, The Vamps, Scouting For Girls and more, and Neil Young and Crazy Horse who will headline the festival on Saturday 12 July. Also playing on 12 July will be The National, Tom Odell and Half Moon Run, amongst others.
The festival takes place on 4 – 13 July 2014 at London’s Hyde Park. British Summer Time 2014 tickets for Black Sabbath, McBusted and Neil Young and Crazy Horse are now available.


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Discover the Truth Behind Winning Real Money on Casino Apps
Are you an avid casino lover who has always wondered whether you can actually win money on casino apps? Well, the answer is yes! With the rise of technology and the increasing popularity of online gambling, casino apps have become a convenient way for players to enjoy their favorite casino games and potentially win real money.
However, it’s important to note that not all casino apps are created equal. While some apps offer genuine opportunities to win money, others may be scams or simply not provide fair chances to players. In this article, we will explore the world of casino apps and help you navigate through the sea of options to find the ones that offer real money winnings.
Choose Reputable Casino Apps
When it comes to gambling on casino apps, the first step is to choose reputable platforms. Look for apps that are licensed and regulated by reputable gambling authorities. These licenses ensure that the app operates fairly and transparently, giving you a better chance at winning real money.
Additionally, do some research and read reviews from other players to get an idea of their experiences with the app. Look for apps with positive feedback and a track record of paying out winnings promptly and accurately.
Understand the Game Mechanics
Before you start playing on a casino app, take the time to understand the game mechanics. Each game has its own rules, odds, and strategies. By familiarizing yourself with these aspects, you can make more informed decisions and increase your chances of winning.
Take advantage of free demo modes or practice play options that many casino apps offer. This allows you to learn the ropes and understand the game dynamics without risking any real money. Once you feel confident, you can switch to playing with real money and start aiming for those big wins.
Utilize Bonuses and Promotions
One of the perks of playing on casino apps is the availability of bonuses and promotions. These can significantly boost your chances of winning money. Look out for welcome bonuses, free spins, and other promotions that can give you extra playing opportunities or even free money to wager with.
However, it’s important to carefully read the terms and conditions of these bonuses. Some may have wagering requirements or restrictions on how you can use the bonus money. Understanding these conditions will help you make the most of the bonuses and increase your chances of turning them into real cash winnings.
Manage Your Bankroll Wisely
When playing on casino apps, it’s crucial to manage your bankroll wisely. Set a budget for yourself and stick to it. Avoid chasing losses or getting carried away by winning streaks. Instead, establish a strategy that allows you to play responsibly and enjoy the experience without risking more than you can afford to lose.
By managing your bankroll, you can play for longer periods and increase your chances of hitting that winning combination. Remember, gambling should be seen as a form of entertainment, and winning money should be seen as a pleasant surprise rather than a guaranteed outcome.
Play Progressive Jackpot Games
If your goal is to win big money on casino apps, consider playing progressive jackpot games. These games offer massive jackpots that can reach life-changing amounts. With each bet placed by players, the jackpot increases until someone wins it.
While winning a progressive jackpot is a rare occurrence, someone has to win eventually, and it could be you. Just remember to set a budget specifically for these games, as they often have higher minimum bets compared to other casino games.
Practice Responsible Gambling
As with any form of gambling, it’s essential to practice responsible gambling when playing on casino apps. Set time limits for your sessions and take regular breaks to avoid getting too immersed in the virtual casino world. Recognize the signs of problem gambling and seek help if you feel your gambling habits are becoming unhealthy.
Remember that gambling should be a fun and enjoyable activity, and winning money should be seen as a bonus rather than the sole purpose. Play responsibly, and you can enhance your casino app experience while still having a chance to win real money.
In conclusion, it is indeed possible to win money on casino apps. However, it’s important to choose reputable apps, understand the game mechanics, utilize bonuses and promotions, manage your bankroll wisely, and practice responsible gambling. By following these guidelines, you can increase your chances of winning real money while enjoying the convenience and excitement of playing casino games on your favorite apps.