Holsters for Stoeger Cougar
or 4 interest-free payments of $60.97
Stoeger Cougar Holster by Alien Gear Holsters
Stoeger is a brand known for making quality firearms with proven designs for a fantastic value, and a Stoeger Cougar holster by Alien Gear will deliver on just these same lines.
A Cougar concealed carry holster by Alien Gear will let you conceal this firearm and carry in perfect comfort, as comfortable concealment is what we specialize in. There's also no need to fret about the outlay and lead time of a custom holster. Alien Gear obtains a real working model of every gun we make a holster for, and custom mold our holster retention shells to them.
Thus, you will get a custom Cougar holster, that fits every angle and countour of the pistol, and carries in incredible comfort at a fantastically reasonable price. You won't wait for months to have the holster made and neither will you have to part with an arm, leg and your first born to get it. Since we use the hybrid holster design, one retention shell can be employed on multiple holsters, so you can carry one gun in multiple ways. Or, if you prefer, you can carry multiple guns with one holster.
We also make our holsters adjustable, so you can set the retention force to your desired setting. Our IWB holsters also feature adjustable belt clips or optional loops, and the wearer can set the ride height and grip angle (often called cant) to their preference as well.
All of our holsters also come with an Iron-Clad Guarantee. This includes a 30-day Test Drive, a one-month trial period for you to evaluate the holster and decide if it's for you. Return for a refund during the trial period if not. We also give you a lifetime of retention shell trades, so you can trade in the retention shell - but keep the holster - if you ever trade in your firearm. We also warranty every holster against damage or defect for life, so you can get your holster fixed or replaced, for free, for as long as you have it. You aren't likely to find a Cougar holster with such a guarantee from anyone else...


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The romance of a Lagos couple has come to a tragic end after the man, Isaiah Chukwu, allegedly killed his lover, identified only as Joy.
Punch Metro learnt that Chukwu and Joy, both indigenes of Ebonyi State, had been living together for the past two years without formalising the relationship.
Chukwu, a spare parts dealer in Ladipo, Oshodi, allegedly killed the 26-year-old at their residence on Balogun Street, Oshodi.
He was said to have stuffed her corpse into a bin, which he put in a sack.
Our correspondent gathered that the 35-year-old tied up the deceased’s legs and knotted the top of the sack.
He had allegedly dragged the body around 4am to the ground floor of the house en route to a dust bin when he was accosted by some youths. Read more

domain: news


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“…and the tough-luck loser in tonight’s game is…”
We hear the above quote in dozens of post-game wrap-ups every year. A starting pitcher goes seven or eight innings and gives up only one or two runs, but his team’s offense can’t produce anything, so he gets stuck with an “L” next to his name in the box score. The fact that “tough-luck loser” is such a commonly invoked cliche suggests that it’s widely recognized that the “L” isn’t doing a very good job of measuring the starter’s contribution, at least in those situations. But that still doesn’t stop the W/L record from being possibly the most prominently used statistic to evaluate starting pitchers in major media baseball coverage.
The idea behind the pitcher’s W/L record is flawed on its face. Wins are a team thing, after all, not a pitcher thing. If the offense fails to put runs on the board, or if the bullpen melts down in the late innings, the starter won’t get the win no matter how well he pitches. Conversely, if the offense is having a great night (or if they’re going up against the Rangers, which is pretty much the same thing), the starter doesn’t have to do anything more than last five innings to get the W.
And it’s not like the luck always evens out over the course of a season. Just ask any member of last year’s Tigers rotation. Even over a long career, offense and bullpen support be a significant distortion to a pitcher’s W/L record. Just ask Lew Burdette. Or Bob Friend.
The pitcher’s role is pretty much limited to keeping as many runs off the board as possible. That may sound obvious, but it goes against the notion that “pitching to the score” is an important part of a pitcher’s job. Plenty of people have looked for a significant ability to pitch to the score without finding it (most notably Greg Spira). And Bill James found that this year’s ERA is a better predictor of next year’s W/L record than this year’s W/L record is.
Toward that end, there’s been a gradual (very gradual) movement among baseball fans over the past 20 years to pay less attention to W/L record and more to ERA in pitching evaluation. And that’s a good thing, since ERA is a good statistic. It’s measuring more of what it’s supposed to be measuring–the performance of the pitcher–and less of the performance of his teammates.
Still, as good a statistic as ERA is, it’s not without its limitations. Some of those limitations are:
- It doesn’t take into account the scoring environment–park, league, and era–in which the pitcher is performing. A 3.00 ERA in Coors Field in 2000 is radically different from a 3.00 ERA in Dodger Stadium in 1968.
- The rule for eliminating “unearned” runs is silly, and it only serves to remove an arbitrary subset of the runs the pitcher gave up.
- Since ERA is a rate stat, it doesn’t incorporate playing time. It’s easy enough to conclude that a 3.00 ERA over 180 innings is better than a 3.00 ERA over 120 innings. But how do we compare 180 innings of a 3.50 ERA to 120 innings of a 3.00 ERA?
- It includes the runners allowed in by the starter’s bullpen successors. Really good bullpen support–i.e., stranding a lot of inherited runners–can chop a quarter or even a half a run off a starter’s ERA. Really bad bullpen support can add about as much.
- It treats all runs as equal. More on this in a second.
To address these limitations, I developed the Support-Neutral Win-Loss (SNWL) record, which we’ve been tracking at Baseball Prospectus since the 1997 book. (Click here to see the final numbers for 2003.) The idea is to measure starting pitchers’ performance on the familiar and understandable W/L scale, but without the distortions of run support and bullpen support that plague the traditional W/L record.
A starter’s SNWL record is his expected (in the statistical sense) W/L record–how many games he would be expected to win and lose given his pitching performances, assuming he had a league average offense and bullpen behind him. An additional statistic, Support-Neutral Value Added (SNVA), measures the total number of extra games his team would be expected to win with his pitching performances instead of an average pitcher’s.
The calculations are adjusted for park and league scoring level, they’re based on runs allowed rather than earned runs, and they’re based on the situation in which the starter leaves the game (before, not after, his relievers finish with the runners he turns over). So they’re not subject to the problems with ERA we noted above. I won’t go into the calculations in this article, but you can get all the gory details here.
One other benefit of the Support-Neutral numbers is that they look at each start’s contribution to winning individually rather than a season’s run total cumulatively, so a single disastrous outing can’t have the disproportionate impact that it can have on a starter’s ERA. Consider a simple example:
Start 1 Start 2 ---------- --------- Pitcher A 0 IP, 10 R 8 IP, 0 R Pitcher B 4 IP, 5 R 4 IP, 5 R
Their ERAs are equal, but Pitcher A’s starts are likely to lead to more wins than Pitcher B’s. An average team has a good chance of going 0-2 behind Pitcher B’s two starts, but that same team is almost guaranteed to win Pitcher A’s second game. The Support-Neutral stats account for the fact that the 10 runs concentrated in Pitcher A’s one start don’t do the same amount of damage as the ten runs spread among Pitcher B’s two starts. The above-linked article covers this in more detail.
Are the Support-Neutral stats the be-all and end-all in assessing pitching performance? Of course not. There are many different goals for pitching evaluation, and many different tools that are useful for achieving those goals. If you’re doing short-term prediction, for example, you’re certainly better off looking at the components of run scoring rather than a stat based on runs allowed itself. And we haven’t even touched the nasty question of separating pitching from fielding.
But if you’re looking at a pitcher’s contribution toward winning, the Support-Neutral numbers have a lot going for them. They correct for the big distortions of the traditional W/L record, and the small distortions of ERA.
Thank you for reading
This is a free article. If you enjoyed it, consider subscribing to Baseball Prospectus. Subscriptions support ongoing public baseball research and analysis in an increasingly proprietary environment.Subscribe now

domain: sports


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Our 2007 Porsche Cayman S is live now on the Bridge Classic Cars Competitions website.
Most 987 Caymans are seen in Silvers, Greys, Blacks, and Blues. However, this one is a bit more special as it was ordered new in PTS 8C6 Orange. These types of cars don’t become available very often, so this is a fantastic opportunity to own a Cayman in a factory PTS colour.
Entry is now open (with a special bonus draw too!)
Our 2007 Porsche Cayman S has been undergoing some minor improvements in preparation for it to be won through Bridge Classic Cars Competitions.
The windscreen sticker has been removed. This might seem like a very minor change but, it has made a big difference to the overall look of the attention-grabbing sports car.
We currently have two attention-grabbing sportscars in the Bridge Classic Cars workshop in the form of our 1980 MGB GT and our 2007 Porsche Cayman S.
These two cars are finished in great colours. Our MGB is finished in Vermillion Orange while our Cayman is finished in the rare PTS 8C6 Orange (RS Orange). After both vehicles had been valeted, we thought it would be a great opportunity to take a photo of them next to each other.
As you can see, the Atelier proved to be a great environment to catch the cars in all their orange glory.
Our 2007 Porsche Cayman S arrived at the Bridge Classic Cars workshop yesterday, and it is a stunner!
Finished in the rare factory PTS 8C6 Orange, this certainly stands out when compared to the usual Caymans in Silver, Grey, Black, or Blue. Even the interior is a special order Cocoa leather making this an extra special car.
Now that it is in the workshop, it will go through an inspection and assessment with the team before it goes on to be won through Bridge Classic Cars Competitions.

domain: hobby


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Students raise money for World Aids Day
- Published: Monday, 03 December 2012 15:00
LSC students wore their sunglasses to ballet class last Friday for SH-AIDS Day to raise money and support The Make A Difference Trust's World Aids Day fundraiser. Funds raised will go towards projects in South Africa benefitting children who have lost their parents to AIDS.
Added 03-Dec-2012 15:00:00


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♥ ♥ ♥
Custom & Handcrafted Design
Wedding Invitations ♥ Custom Stationary ♥ Custom Art & Prints
I love creating one of a kind prints and stationary! You can have me customize the designs I have already created, or we can work together and create your one of a kind design!
All of my stationary and prints are created with Water-Based Inks and American Made Paper! And most paper colors are 100% Recycled and all are milled using hydropower – that’s energy harvested from naturally flowing water!
I love printing shirts that are original works of art! If you have an idea that you think would be really neat for a shirt, I would love to work with you. Please send me a message if you have any questions or to request a quote!
T-Shirt Disclaimer: Though I do have the equipment to create up to 4 color T-shirts, I am not your typical T-Shirt shop. If you are looking for standard group or team T-shirts, for a low price, you are probably better off with a company set up for that kind of thing, like a local printing shop or online company like, Custom Ink. I do not currently carry an inventory of shirts, so my material costs for small orders will be higher. I also use American Made shirts, rather than the least expensive options, because I value quality and ethically made materials.
I’m a huge fan of repurposing old things and building things from scratch! I love how bare materials or old things can be transformed and given new life! See the handmade items I’ve already created in my shop or portfolio or suggest something that you’d like me to make for you!
Recently, I have been creating a lot of alternative guestbooks, like my Onesie Clothesline Guestbooks and Mason Jar Alternative Guestbook for Showers and Weddings! See my Etsy Shop for my current availability or suggest a decoration that you would like me to create!
I have the ability to cut almost any shape out of paper (and some fabrics) and create banners and other decorations! Just ask!
Make your products stand out in your online store or catalogue! I have all the skills and equipment (professional camera, lighting, white backdrop) to create professional quality images. I am currently based in Southern California.
Photo Editing and Restoration
With over 10 years experience with Photoshop, I have learned a lot when it comes to photo editing and restoration. I have brought old discolored and torn pictures back to life and can color correct and remove distracting objects from your photos. Though I have the skills to completely change a photograph, I prefer to keep my edits minimal, only bringing out the natural beauty of the images I edit and bringing the photograph closer to what was really experienced when the photograph was taken. I’m proud to say, I do NOT airbrush or alter body shapes!
If you can Dream it, I can do it!
I love when people bring me their ideas and ask me to make something for them that I have never created before! I’m always open to new ideas! If you have an idea for me to create, shout it out and I’ll see what I can do! 🙂
Please contact me or fill out my Custom Design Form for a quote!
Check out my previous work in my Portfolio!
I sell most of my products in my Etsy shop, AmericanDaughter! These include wedding stationary, screen prints, greeting and note cards, photographs, party decorations, and guestbooks. All of these can be customized to fit your style and needs! Please feel free to request a custom order, if you there is something you’d like me to create, that isn’t exactly listed in my shop!
I graduated with BA in Film Production from Loyola Marymount University in 2012. Though I majored in Film, through my studies, I came to realize that my passion was more with Still Photography and later, Printmaking. I studied Still Photography in college for 3 years, including courses in Dark Room Photography, Digital Photography, Black and White Photography, and Color Photography. I have been fascinated with photography for as long as I can remember and I have over 10 years experience editing photos and using Photoshop. My first introduction to PS was at Yearbook Camp in Highschool, though I had been using other editing software since middle school. I took my first life changing Screen Printing course during my Senior Year at LMU and have been screen printing for 5 years now. I grew up on a farm in the country where we always did things ourselves, and became great at figuring things out and developed a “can-do” attitude! Every day, I learn even more and I become even better at my craft. Contact me if you would like to learn more!

domain: artistic


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SLS & Skin - Sodium lauryl sulphate is a known irritant and is actually used in clinical studies for that purpose - to irritate the skin so that the effects of other substances can be tested. When applied to human skin it has the effect of stripping off the oil layer then irritating and eroding, leaving it dry, itchy and sometimes inflamed. It cleans by corrosion and dries the skin by stripping the protective lipids from the surface so it can not effectively regulate moisture balance. SLS can also aggravate more serious skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis.
SLS & Eyes - In experimental, acute eye tests, a solution of 10% sodium lauryl sulphate caused corneal damage to the eyes if not irrigated or irrigation was delayed. A solution of 5.1% caused mild irritation. Studies have also shown that SLS could retard the healing and keep childrens eyes from developing properly by denaturing the proteins and not allowing for proper structural formation. Children under six years old are especially vulnerable to improper eye development. It has also been said that SLS could cause cataracts in adults and delays the healing of wounds in the surface of the cornea.
SLS & Hair - Because sodium lauryl sulphate is such a caustic detergent it can cause scalp irritations, corrode the hair follicle - impairing the ability for hair to grow, and strips moisture from the delicate hair shaft, leaving it dry and brittle. SLS & Science - Sodium lauryl sulphate has a low molecular weight of just 40, ingredients under the weight of 75 enters the body. Therefore SLS can rapidly be absorbed into the body and be retained in the eyes, brain, liver and heart, which may result in harmful long term effects.
SLS & Ethoxylation - When SLS goes through a process called ethoxylation (this is where the degreasing agent becomes less abrasive gives it enhanced foaming properties) this compound then becomes Sodium Laureth Sulphate (SLES). The problem here lays with the fact that ethoxylation causes residues of a compound called 1, 4-dioxane to form. 1, 4-dioxane has shown in tests to be carcinogenic in rats and mice and is absorbed through the intact skin of the animals. Furthermore, this compound has been classified as a possible carcinogen in humans. According to the European Economic Community directive on cosmetics, 1, 4-dioxane must not be present in commercial products. Consequently, the assay of this substance in marketed cosmetics is of a direct concern.
Parabens are a group of chemicals widely used in the cosmetic industry, it is reported that 99% of beauty products contain them. They are preservatives that inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungus and mould, to extend the shelf life of a product. The most commonly used parabens in cosmetics are methylparaben, propylparaben, ethylparaben and butylparaben. Parabens may cause skin irritation, cause allergic reactions and interfere with the intestinal flora which is vital for the cleanliness of the intestines. Recent research suggests that parabens are able to mimic the action of the female hormone oestrogen, so there is a link with breast cancer, although this has not been proven and further studies are needed.
Phthalates are chemicals used in many toiletries to help the fragrance last longer. It is estimated that around 90% of beauty products contain these symthetic preservatives. Animal studies on certain phthalates have shown the chemicals may cause a variety of problems, including reproductive and developmental harm, organ damage, immune suppression, endocrine disruption and cancer. The major concern is that as phthalates are so ubiquitous in our environment, no one knows for sure what the long term exposure, even in small doses, may be doing to human health, particularly developing infants. Phthalates are so widely used that it may be nearly impossible to eliminate your exposure entirely. However, we feel just by omitting them from the cosmetics we use will make a difference. Phthalates may be listed as: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP).
A recent study conducted at the University of Washington in Seattle has shown that potentially harmful phthalates (plasticisers) are absorbed through childrens skin. All of the 163 urine samples from infants up to 28 months contained at least one phthalate, and 81% had seven or more. High doses of phthalates have been known to produce unnatural hormone activity in tests.
Propylene Glycol (PG) is a colourless, nearly odourless syrupy liquid that is derived from a natural gas, that is commonly used in anti-freeze and brake fluid! It has found its way into cosmetics as a binding agent. It penetrates the skin and can weaken protein and cellular structure. It is considered so toxic that it requires workers to wear protective gloves, clothing and goggles when being handled. Because Propylene Glycol penetrates the skin so quickly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) warns against skin contact to prevent consequences such as brain, liver and kidney abnormalities.
Oxybenzone (also known as benzophenone-3) is the widely used chemical in many sun products with high sun protection factors, its function is to 'filter' ultra violet light on the surface of the skin, converting it from light to heat, but it can also be absorbed through the skin. As yet there has not been any conclusive research to indicate what happens when the oxybenzone is absorbed through the skin, but UV light causing cell damage is well known and you may choose to avoid this form of sun protection. If light is converted to heat in the basal layers of the skin, damage to growing cells is very likely.
Formaldehyde is a toxic, colourless gas that is an irritant, and a carcinogen. When combined with water, formaldehyde is used as a disinfectant, fixative or preservative in deodorants, liquid soaps, nail varnish and shampoos. Also known as formalin, formal and methylaldehyde, it is a suspected human carcinogen and has caused cancer in rats. Formaldehyde can damage DNA, irritate the eyes, upper respiratory tract and mucous membrane, and may cause asthma and headaches. It is banned in Japan and Sweden.
Nitrosamines are not intentionally added to cosmetics, they are contaminants accidentally formed during either manufacture or storage if certain ingredients are combined. There are NO safe levels of these chemicals and whats even more worrying is that they are able to penetrate the skin. Products to watch out for are those containing amines or amino deerivatives, particularly di- or triethanolamine (DEA, TEA, MEA see below), which may form nitrosamines if combined with an ingredient which acts as a nitrosating agent, e.g sodium nitrate. Amines and their derivatives are mostly present in creams, cream lotions, hair shampoos and cream hair conditioners. Beware of mixing products.
Diethanolamine (DEA), Monoethanolamine (MEA), Triethanolamine (TEA) are hormone disrupting chemicals known to form nitrates and nitrosamines, often in conjunction with other chemicals present in a product. They are almost always present in cosmetics that foam: bubble bath, shampoo, body wash, soap. Dr, Samuel Epstein, Professor of Environmental Health at the University of Illinois, reports that repeated applications of DEA based detergents result in increases in liver and kidney cancer.

domain: chemistry


Amidst the rush of nostalgia the album sparked and the corresponding conservation it generated, the subject of Wande Coal’s legendary status was tabled, and some persons displayed a painful lack of depth as they erroneously concluded that Wande’s legendary status was up for debate.
On this week’s ClassiQ Afrobeats throwback, I will be revisiting Wande Coal’s debut album, its impact, and his undebatable legendary status.
In April 2009, Wande Coal released his debut album ‘Mushin 2 Mo’hits’, an era-defining body of work that was unprecedented in Nigerian mainstream music or Afrobeats as it’s famously known.
Known for his breathtaking vocals, his unmatchable ability to mold melody, and his flawless delivery, Wande Coal was able to take the smooth sonic arrangement of western Pop and R&B and combined it with Nigerian cadence to create a pop sound that will forever alter Nigerian Afrobeats soundscape.
The album delivered timeless hits like the chest-thumping street anthem ‘Bumper To Bumper’ with which he announced himself as a hitmaker.
His ability to mold melody and his penmanship that combines a western-styled flow of thought with Nigerian relatability shone brightly on songs like ‘Taboo’, ‘Ololufe’, and ‘Bananas’.
The album’s sonic direction will alter the direction of pop music in Nigeria and set the direction for what we now consider Afro-pop. Artists that will come after Wande Coal are all influenced by his writing style, melodic sequence, and delivery pattern.
The immediate impact of ‘Mushin 2 Mo’hits’ is documented by the record breaking 5 Headies Awards it won at the 2010 ceremony.
The album won the Headies Album of the Year at the 2010 Awards which made Wande Coal only the second artist after Asa to win the prize with their debut album. It also took home the prizes for Best Pop/R&B Album, and Best Pop single and Wande Coal also won Artist of the Year and Hip Hop Revelation of the Year.
Since Wande Coal released his debut, he has successfully crafted at least a hit song every year consistently for 13 years. And on Friday, October 28th he is set to release a new single ‘Umbrella’ with leading music distribution company EMPIRE off their upcoming compilation album ‘Where We Come From’. This single is coming at a time when some fans either by oversight or ignorance are forgetting Wande Coal’s impact.
In respect to Wande Coal’s legendary status, while some might argue reasonably that one classic album doesn’t bestow legendary status, one must look beyond discography.
A sophisticated consumer must consider his impact, longevity, legacy, and consistency.
In terms of impact, Wande Coal is the sonic progenitor of major Afrobeats acts. Artists including Wizkid, Kizz Daniel, Reekado Banks, and Oxlade, amongst many others, have credited Wande Coal with inspiring their sound.
As far as consistency and longevity go, Wande Coal announced himself on the mainstream in 2008 and since then, he has consistently churned out hits every year while remaining one of the most sought-after artists around.
As far as legacy goes, an attentive listener only needs to listen to the predominant AfroPop leaning and take a trip across Wande Coal’s discography to see his impact and the indelible mark he has left in Afrobeats soundscape.
On Friday, 28th October 2022 Wande Coal will release a new track ‘Umbrella’ which will roll back the years and remind listeners of his wonder not like it was ever forgotten. ‘Umbrella’ will be another addition to the stellar records with which Wande Coal has defined Afrobeats Pop music and for this legend who has done it all, he has nothing to prove.
His legendary status is not debatable and everything he does now is merely icing on the cake.


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Posts for: May, 2017
Everyone loves a concert where there's plenty of audience participation… until it starts to get out of hand.Â Recently, the platinum-selling band Fifth Harmony was playing to a packed house in Atlanta when things went awry for vocalist Camila Cabello. Fans were batting around a big plastic ball, and one unfortunate swing sent the ball hurtling toward the stage — and directly into Cabello's face. Pushing the microphone into her mouth, it left the “Worth It” singer with a chipped front tooth.
Ouch! Cabello finished the show nevertheless, and didn't seem too upset. “Atlanta… u wild… love u,” she tweeted later that night. “Gotta get it fixed now tho lol.” Fortunately, dentistry offers a number of ways to make that chipped tooth look as good as new.
A small chip at the edge of the tooth can sometimes be polished with dental instruments to remove the sharp edges. If it's a little bigger, a procedure called dental bonding may be recommended. Here, the missing part is filled in with a mixture of plastic resin and glass fillers, which are then cured (hardened) with a special light. The tooth-colored bonding material provides a tough, lifelike restoration that's hard to tell apart from your natural teeth. While bonding can be performed in just one office visit, the material can stain over time and may eventually need to be replaced.
Porcelain veneers are a more long-lasting solution. These wafer-thin coverings go over the entire front surface of the tooth, and can resolve a number of defects — including chips, discoloration, and even minor size or spacing irregularities. You can get a single veneer or have your whole smile redone, in shades ranging from a pearly luster to an ultra-bright white; that's why veneers are a favorite of Hollywood stars. Getting veneers is a procedure that takes several office visits, but the beautiful results can last for many years.
If a chip or crack extends into the inner part of a tooth, you'll probably need a crown (or cap) to restore the tooth's function and appearance. As long as the roots are healthy, the entire part of the tooth above the gum line can be replaced with a natural-looking restoration. You may also need a root canal to remove the damaged pulp material and prevent infection if the fracture went too far. While small chips or cracks aren't usually an emergency (unless accompanied by pain), damage to the tooth's pulp requires prompt attention.
If you have questions about smile restoration, please contact us and schedule an appointment. You can read more in the Dear Doctor magazine articles “Porcelain Veneers: Strength & Beauty As Never Before” and “Porcelain Crowns & Veneers.”
There are plenty of options today for replacing missing teeth, including dental implants. But if the teeth have been missing for some time, complications can arise that limit your restorative options.
The most consequential possibility is bone loss. Bone has a life cycle: old cells dissolve (resorb), and are then replaced by new cells, stimulated to grow by the forces applied to the teeth during chewing. But the bone won't receive this stimulation if a tooth is missing — so growth slows down, which causes the bone volume to diminish with time.
Another complication can occur involving other teeth around the open space. These teeth will naturally move or “drift” out of their normal position into the missing tooth space. As a result we may not have enough room to place a prosthetic (false) tooth.
If either or both of these complications occur, we'll need to address them before attempting a restoration. Bone loss itself could eliminate dental implants as an option because they require a certain amount of supporting bone for correct placement. Bone loss could also make correcting misaligned teeth difficult if not impossible.
It might be possible, though, to regenerate lost bone with a bone graft. The graft is placed, sometimes along with growth stimulating substances, within the diminished bone area. It then serves as a scaffold upon which new bone can form.
If the bone becomes healthy again, we can then attempt to move any drifted teeth back to where they belong. Besides braces, there's another treatment option especially popular with adults: clear aligners. These are a series of removable, clear plastic trays that, like braces, exert gradual pressure on the teeth to move them. Patients wear each individual tray for about two weeks, and then switch to the next tray in the series to continue the process.
Unlike their traditional counterparts, clear aligners can be removed for cleaning or for special occasions. More importantly, they're much less noticeable than traditional braces.
Once any problems with bone health or bite have been addressed and corrected, you'll have a fuller range of options for replacing your missing teeth. With a little extra time and effort, you'll soon be able to regain a smile you'll be proud to display.

domain: medical


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One thing about being diagonally parked in a parallel universe is that you can always find the sites that are double-parked. Beep Beep! It's Me! has turned up this absolutely fantastic bit of fun that only she could find.
The creator of the site has also produced Dress-Up Jesus fridge magnets and has caused a bit of a stir.
Jesus Dress-Up is a magnetic crucifix with a variety of clothes and accessories.It's actually a lot cleaner than Gibson's movie.
Many people are outraged by the product, but Smith says he doesn’t see anything wrong with it.
“I don't think there's anything wrong with religious satire,” said Smith. “People have got to learn to laugh at themselves, it's part of human nature.”
Smith, who claims to be an atheist, says he's making money the same way Mel Gibson is with the "The Passion of the Christ."
"I did a double take. It just seemed unbelievable to see something like that," said Gerry, a viewer who didn't want NBC 10 to use his last name.Jeebus in a dogcatcher outfit will do that to you.
From a distance, the item looks like a kid's dress-up game. But when you look closely, it is a magnetic Jesus dress-up figure.
"I basically stood there speechless," Gerry said.
He said he was shocked by the magnetic game showing Jesus on the cross, clad in underwear with interchangeable outfits like a devil costume, a skull T-shirt and a hula skirt.Good point. What the hell ever happenned to the good-old days when everyone wore the same thing to be crucified? A loincloth.


The Reason Solar Panels Are Importanthttp://energis.com.au/grid-solar-power-system/
Over one hundred years ago, there was a man who made an effort to run his machinery by using heat generated from the sun. His intention was to start the machines and then maintain them by using heavy steam from the hot sunlight. This invention motivated other scientists to look for their own ways to make use of the sun's energy. Due to their efforts, there are lots of devices that use many different natural and green resources for power.
One of the ways that are at present being used for transforming the sunlight into electric power is through the use of solar energy panels. We've always had the energy of the sun but only fairly recently have we been able to make the most of the energy through solar panels. The sun's heat is converted into electricity that machines can make use of. Solar power panels have also become a simple yet effective way to turn sunlight into energy. This is noticeable in the way in which solar power panels are used to run such things as satellites, calculators and even space ships. The primary purpose of solar panels, which come in a variety of sizes and shapes, is to take the light from the sun and convert it into power. This power is produced with pv cells.
It is common to see lots of homes and buildings with different shaped solar panels. They have square, rectangular and round shaped panels and these are employed in home appliances which are energy efficient. As more studies are being conducted on natural resources like the sun, we can find them in many of the devices we use. With the sun being such a good resource, we can only speculate what scientists will be able to come up with. With all the advancements made in the last century, who knows what the following hundred years will bring.
When solar power panels originally started out, there were definitely dependability issues. In the beginning, it was pretty expensive to use solar power as a way to power and heat your residence. However, as time went on, solar panel systems became more and more economical as the cost to make them became cheaper. But traditional ways of generating power is still less costly than solar. While the initial cost to put in a solar panel system is high, it can save you money in the long term.
You are going to always have electrical power so long as the sun is shining, so the location where you live is vital. Provided that you've got energy stored up from the sunny days, you should have ample energy for when the days are overcast.


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ferragamo womens ring, Ferragamo Knows Belts – Caramel Writing
July 15, 2015
Men Stepped Up Their Trend Sport On the 2018 GRAMMYs –
Rick Ross appeared like a complete boss in a 3-piece black swimsuit, but it surely was his head-turning coat that made a splash on the purple carpet. The jacket featured a colorful zebra-impressed print and fur collar.
On the more subtle side, Thomas Rhett styled his black tuxedo with an unbuttoned white shirt and a pair of style-forward accessories: an embroidered lion on his shirt collar and a pair of fur-lined Gucci loafers.
Bruno Mars also sparkled in a sequin pink Maison Margiela bomber jacket, which appeared simply as snazzy alongside his seven trophies he received at the tip of the night.
Elton John fabulously stepped out in all-black with an announcement multi-colored sequin Gucci jacket that he paired with rhinestone yellow glasses. During his efficiency of “Tiny Dancer” with Miley Cyrus, the iconic singer swapped the colorful piece for an additional equally daring black tuxedo jacket that featured blue, pink and silver embellishments.
Quavo, Takeoff and Offset of Migos all wore embellished and absolutely adorned black and gold Julien Macdonald fits. Meanwhile, singer Tyran Brown also showed up in a shimmering gold go well with jacket.
The weather in ferragamo womens ring New York is chilly and these fellow studs made certain they stayed warm. JAY-Z, Sean “Diddy” Combs and Daddy Yankee all wore turtlenecks once inside the ceremony.
Singer Bryson Tiller selected to go the alternative route and sport a white turtleneck. But it was Khalid who took it to the subsequent level and confirmed up with a gentle-colored Salvatore Ferragamo suit with a lime green fashion.


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Bloomberg carries the report, citing an unnamed "person familiar with the internal deliberations".
- President is exploring blocking a government retirement fund from investing in Chinese equities considered a national security risk
- Thrift Savings Plan -- the federal government's retirement savings fund
- the fund is scheduled to transfer roughly $50 billion of its international fund to mirror an MSCI All Country World Index, which captures emerging markets, including China.
Offshore yuan losing ground:

domain: finance


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An estuary is a enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments, they are subject both to marine influences—such as tides and the influx of saline water—and to riverine influences—such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The mixing of sea water and fresh water provide high levels of nutrients both in the water column and in sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world. Most existing estuaries formed during the Holocene epoch with the flooding of river-eroded or glacially scoured valleys when the sea level began to rise about 10,000–12,000 years ago. Estuaries are classified according to their geomorphological features or to water-circulation patterns, they can have many different names, such as bays, lagoons, inlets, or sounds, although some of these water bodies do not meet the above definition of an estuary and may be saline.
The banks of many estuaries are amongst the most populated areas of the world, with about 60% of the world's population living along estuaries and the coast. As a result, many estuaries suffer degradation from a variety of factors including: sedimentation from soil erosion from deforestation and other poor farming practices; the word "estuary" is derived from the Latin word aestuarium meaning tidal inlet of the sea, which in itself is derived from the term aestus, meaning tide. There have been many definitions proposed to describe an estuary; the most accepted definition is: "a semi-enclosed coastal body of water, which has a free connection with the open sea, within which sea water is measurably diluted with freshwater derived from land drainage". However, this definition excludes a number of coastal water bodies such as coastal lagoons and brackish seas. A more comprehensive definition of an estuary is "a semi-enclosed body of water connected to the sea as far as the tidal limit or the salt intrusion limit and receiving freshwater runoff.
This broad definition includes fjords, river mouths, tidal creeks. An estuary is a dynamic ecosystem having a connection to the open sea through which the sea water enters with the rhythm of the tides; the sea water entering the estuary streams. The pattern of dilution varies between different estuaries and depends on the volume of fresh water, the tidal range, the extent of evaporation of the water in the estuary. Drowned river valleys are known as coastal plain estuaries. In places where the sea level is rising relative to the land, sea water progressively penetrates into river valleys and the topography of the estuary remains similar to that of a river valley; this is the most common type of estuary in temperate climates. Well-studied estuaries include the Severn Estuary in the United Kingdom and the Ems Dollard along the Dutch-German border; the width-to-depth ratio of these estuaries is large, appearing wedge-shaped in the inner part and broadening and deepening seaward. Water depths exceed 30 m.
Examples of this type of estuary in the U. S. are the Hudson River, Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay along the Mid-Atlantic coast, Galveston Bay and Tampa Bay along the Gulf Coast. Bar-built estuaries are found in place where the deposition of sediment has kept pace with rising sea level so that the estuaries are shallow and separated from the sea by sand spits or barrier islands, they are common in tropical and subtropical locations. These estuaries are semi-isolated from ocean waters by barrier beaches. Formation of barrier beaches encloses the estuary, with only narrow inlets allowing contact with the ocean waters. Bar-built estuaries develop on sloping plains located along tectonically stable edges of continents and marginal sea coasts, they are extensive along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the U. S. in areas with active coastal deposition of sediments and where tidal ranges are less than 4 m. The barrier beaches that enclose bar-built estuaries have been developed in several ways: building up of offshore bars by wave action, in which sand from the sea floor is deposited in elongated bars parallel to the shoreline, reworking of sediment discharge from rivers by wave and wind action into beaches, overwash flats, dunes, engulfment of mainland beach ridges due to sea level rise and resulting in the breaching of the ridges and flooding of the coastal lowlands, forming shallow lagoons, elongation of barrier spits from the erosion of headlands due to the action of longshore currents, with the spits growing in the direction of the littoral drift.
Barrier beaches form in shallow water and are parallel to the shoreline, resulting in long, narrow estuaries. The average water depth is less than 5 m, exceeds 10 m. Examples of bar-built estuaries are Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Fjords were formed where pleistocene glaciers deepened and widened existing river valleys so that they become U-shaped in cross s
Rugby league football is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field. One of the two codes of rugby, it originated in Northern England in 1895 as a split from the Rugby Football Union over the issue of payments to players, its rules progressively changed with the aim of producing a faster, more entertaining game for spectators. In rugby league, points are scored by carrying the ball and touching it to the ground beyond the opposing team's goal line; the opposing team attempts to stop the attacking side scoring points by tackling the player carrying the ball. In addition to tries, points can be scored by kicking goals. After each try, the scoring team gains a free kick to try at goal with a conversion for further points. Kicks at goal may be awarded for penalties, field goals can be attempted at any time. Rugby league is the national sport of Papua New Guinea, is a popular sport in Northern England, the states of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia, South Auckland in New Zealand, southwest France and Lebanon.
The Super League and the National Rugby League are the premier club competitions. Rugby league is played internationally, predominantly by European and Pacific Island countries, is governed by the Rugby League International Federation; the first Rugby League World Cup was held in France in 1954. Rugby league football takes its name from the bodies that split to create a new form of rugby, distinct from that run by the Rugby Football Unions, in Britain and New Zealand between 1895 and 1908; the first of these, the Northern Rugby Football Union, was established in 1895 as a breakaway faction of England's Rugby Football Union. Both organisations played the game under the same rules at first, although the Northern Union began to modify rules immediately, thus creating a new faster, stronger paced form of rugby football. Similar breakaway factions split from RFU-affiliated unions in Australia and New Zealand in 1907 and 1908, renaming themselves "rugby football leagues" and introducing Northern Union rules.
In 1922, the Northern Union changed its name to the Rugby Football League and thus over time the sport itself became known as "rugby league" football. In 1895, a schism in Rugby football resulted in the formation of the Northern Rugby Football Union. Although many factors played a part in the split, including the success of working class northern teams, the main division was caused by the RFU decision to enforce the amateur principle of the sport, preventing "broken time payments" to players who had taken time off work to play rugby. Northern teams had more working class players who could not afford to play without this compensation, in contrast to affluent southern teams who had other sources of income to sustain the amateur principle. In 1895, a decree by the RFU banning the playing of rugby at grounds where entrance fees were charged led to twenty-two clubs meeting at the George Hotel, Huddersfield on 29 August 1895 and forming the "Northern Rugby Football Union". Within fifteen years of that first meeting in Huddersfield, more than 200 RFU clubs had left to join the rugby revolution.
In 1897, the line-out was in 1898 professionalism introduced. In 1906, the Northern Union changed its rules, reducing teams from 15 to 13 a side and replacing the ruck formed after every tackle with the play the ball. A similar schism to that which occurred in England took place in Australia. There, on 8 August 1907 the New South Wales Rugby Football League was founded at Bateman's Hotel in George Street. Rugby league went on to displace rugby union as the primary football code in New South Wales and Queensland. On 5 May 1954 over 100,000 spectators watched the 1953–54 Challenge Cup Final at Odsal Stadium, England, setting a new record for attendance at a rugby football match of either code. In 1954 the Rugby League World Cup, the first for either code of rugby, was formed at the instigation of the French. In 1966, the International Board introduced a rule that a team in possession was allowed three play-the-balls and on the fourth tackle a scrum was to be formed; this was increased to six tackles in 1972 and in 1983 the scrum was replaced by a handover.
1967 saw. The first sponsors, Joshua Tetley and John Player, entered the game for the 1971–72 Northern Rugby Football League season. Television would have an enormous impact on the sport of rugby league in the 1990s when Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation sought worldwide broadcasting rights and refused to take no for an answer; the media giant's "Super League" movement saw big changes for the traditional administrators of the game. In Europe, it resulted in a move from a winter sport to a summer one as the new Super League competition tried to expand its market. In Australasia, the Super League war resulted in long and costly legal battles and changing loyalties, causing significant damage to the code in an competitive sporting market. In 1997 two competitions were run alongside each other in Australia, after which a peace deal in the form of the National Rugby League was formed; the NRL has since become recognised as the sport's flagship competition and since that time has set record TV ratings and crowd figures.
The objective in rugby league is to score more points through tries and field goals than the opposition within the 80 minutes of play. If after two halves of play, each consisting of forty minutes, the two teams are drawing, a draw may be declar
Morecambe Bay is a large estuary in northwest England, just to the south of the Lake District National Park. It is the largest expanse of intertidal mudflats and sand in the United Kingdom, covering a total area of 310 km2. In 1974, the second largest gas field in the UK was discovered 25 miles west of Blackpool, with original reserves of over 7 trillion cubic feet. At its peak, 15 % of Britain's gas supply came from the bay, it one of the homes of the high brown fritillary butterfly. The rivers Leven, Keer and Wyre drain into the Bay, with their various estuaries making a number of peninsulas within the bay. Much of the land around the bay is reclaimed. Morecambe Bay is an important wildlife site, with abundant birdlife and varied marine habitats, there is a bird observatory at Walney Island; the bay has rich cockle beds. There are seven main islands in all to the north. Walney is larger than the others, with its southern tip marking the north-western corner of the Bay. Sheep, Piel and Foulney Islands are tidal and can be walked to at low tide with appropriate care.
Local guidance should be sought if walking to Chapel or Piel islands as fast tides and quicksand can be dangerous. Roa Island is linked to the mainland by a causeway, while Barrow Island has been connected to the mainland as part of the docks system at Barrow-in-Furness; the extensive sandflats are the remains of a vast sandur or outwash plain established by meltwaters as the last ice age waned. Sea-level was still some 3m below present day levels at the start of the Holocene some 11,000 years ago; the Greek geographer and astronomer Claudius Ptolemy referred in his writings to Morikambe eischusis as a location on Britain's west coast, lying between the Ribble and the Solway. Sixteenth century scholar William Camden identified the locality as being near Silloth, hence the similar name of that bay but the eighteenth century antiquarian John Horsley who translated Ptolemy into English in 1732 favoured it being the bay on the Lancashire/Cumberland border. In 1771 historian John Whitaker took up this latter suggestion and the name appeared on maps subsequently.
The first recorded to do so being one associated with Father Thomas West's Antiquities of Furness of 1774. Camden believed the name originated with two words meaning crooked sea whilst West offered up white/beautiful haven though current thought is that it refers to a curve of the sea. There have been royally appointed local guides for crossing the bay for centuries; this difficulty of crossing the bay added to the isolation of the land to its north which, due to the presence of the mountains of the Lake District, could only be reached by crossing these sands or by ferry, until the Furness Railway was built in 1857. This skirts the edge of the bay; the London-Glasgow railway briefly runs alongside the bay - the only place where the West Coast Main Line runs alongside the coast. The bay is notorious for its quicksand and fast moving tides. On the night of 5 February 2004, at least 21 Chinese immigrant cockle pickers drowned after being cut off by the tides; this tragedy led some commentators to suggest that the cockle beds should be closed until improved safety measures could be introduced.
Morecambe Bay is home to several of the UK's offshore wind farms: West of Duddon Sands, Burbo Bank, Walney and Ormonde. Some 319,100 people live along the coastline of Morecambe Bay, with many of these people residing in the towns listed in the table below; the largest town in the vicinity of the bay is Barrow-in-Furness located to its west, whilst the town which adopted its name from the bay follows. Morecambe relied on the bay for many years, as a popular seaside holiday destination, whilst Barrow still relies on the seas for a large percentage of its economy - ship and submarine construction; the bay has Britain's second-largest natural gas field, in the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone with a seal of Mercia Mudstone and a Carboniferous source. The South Morecambe Field, covering an area of 32 square miles, was discovered in 1974 and the first gas came ashore in 1985; the North Morecambe Field, found in 1976, 8 miles to the north, is 11 square miles and started production in 1994. Both are operated by Centrica Energy.
They are 25 miles west of Blackpool in 30 metres of water. The combined gas reserves on discovery were estimated at 179 billion cubic metres. A further 0.65tcf is recognised in the satellite fields of Bains, Dalton, Millom East and Millom West, a number of smaller fields have been identified. The gas is landed at three terminals at Westfield Point in Barrow-in-Furness, collectively referred to as the Rampside Gas Terminal; the South Morecambe Central Processing Complex is connected via a 36-inch pipeline to the South Morecambe terminal. North Morecambe gas has a different composition so the unmanned Drilling and Production Platform is linked by a separate 36" wet sealine to the North Morecambe Terminal, where it is stripped of water, CO2 and nitrogen; the Rivers Terminal has a dedicated pipeline for sour gas from the Calder field, which must be stripped of hydrogen sulphide before processing by the North Morecambe Terminal. The hydrogen sulphide is converted to sulphuric ac
England national rugby league team
The England national rugby league team represents England in international rugby league. The team formed from the Great Britain team which represented Wales and Ireland, is run under the auspices of the Rugby Football League, it participates in the Rugby League World Cup, Four Nations and Test matches. The team dates to 1904, when they played against a mixture of Scottish players in Wigan; until the 1950s, they toured Australia and New Zealand and played both home and away matches against neighbours Wales and France, but when it was decided that Great Britain would tour the Southern Hemisphere instead of England and Wales became the only regular opponents. Their first appearance in the Rugby League World Cup was in 1975, they finished runners-up in 1975, 1995 and 2017. England competed in the European Nations Cup and in 2006, an England'A' team competed for the Federation Shield. England's main rivals were Wales and France, with the rivalries stretching back to 1908 and 1934 respectively. England's main rivals now are New Zealand.
Traditionally a predominantly white kit is worn including white socks. However the jersey features some form of red, like red stripes, crosses or chevrons; these colours are similar to other English sporting teams and are the colours used on the national flag. In 2008, a new kit was introduced featuring a red cross on the front and red strips down the sides of the jersey and socks were white too with red strips. In 2008, the Rugby Football League chose to abandon the traditional English lion on the badge in favour of a much simpler shield and cross design; the team is ranked third in the world, behind Australia and New Zealand. Wayne Bennett is the head coach, Sean O'Loughlin the captain. In 1895, twenty-one clubs split with the Rugby Football Union, citing that they wanted to play professionally, formed the Northern Rugby Football Union; the twenty-one clubs were all from Northern England and the players were working class. However it was not just English players who made the switch and Welsh players switched allegiance to the new code, wanting payments for playing.
Switching heightened in the early 20th century with more Scottish and Welsh players leaving the RFU than before. The England national rugby union team had been playing international matches since 1871, but it was not until 1904, nine years after the formation of the new code, that an international rugby league match was played. At the start of 1903 season the Northern Union thought about international matches and scheduled a match for England on New Year's Day 1904 in Oldham. On that day though, the ground was frosty and the match was cancelled and it was rescheduled for April. On 5 April 1904 England competed against a team called "Other Nationalities", who were made up of ten Welshman and two Scotsman, including George Frater, who captained the side, it was a period of experimentation for the Northern Union and each team had twelve players, not thirteen. At Central Park, Wigan the ground was muddy and in poor condition, however the match went ahead. England steamed into a 3–0 lead, from a try by Warrington's Jackie Fish.
This is despite Salford's James Lomas arriving late and causing England to start the match with eleven players. Fish missed the conversion and so the Other Nationalities were able to level the scores a little Welshman Thomas crashing over for a try; the conversion was missed and going into half-time the score was tied 3–3. In the second half Thomas went over for another try before Wigan's Harris sealed a 9–3 win for the Other Nationalities in the final minutes of the match. A total of 6,000 spectators turned up for the match, considered a poor showing despite a Broughton Rangers v Bradford cup clash being scheduled on the same day. In 1905 a match between the two sides was played at Bradford; this time England won 26–11 though they were losing 11–0 at half-time. Wigan's Jim Leytham scored four tries in a record that still stand today; the match was played with fifteen players on each side and so was the 1906 match. Played in Wigan again, the match finished a 3–3 draw; the concept was abandoned after the 1906 match.
By 1908 the game had expanded much more into Australia, New Zealand and Wales and England began playing those teams. Harold Wagstaff made his debut for England in 1908 against the touring Kangaroos team at 17 years and 228 days; the Other Nationalities side did return in 1921. An England side beat the Australasian team of the 1921–22 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain 4–5 at Highbury. England played only one international between 10 May 1956 and 7 November 1968 an 18–6 victory at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds. England played at the World Cup in 1975 coached by Alex Murphy, played over several months in both hemispheres on a league basis. Great Britain would represent England in the World Cup, but the RLIF wanted to capitalise on the large amount of Welsh players in the game at the time, so England and Wales fielded separate teams. England won a 20 -- 2 victory over France in Leeds in March. In June the Lions suffered their first defeat in just their second match of the tournament, losing 12–7 against a strong Wales side in Brisbane.
A little England managed to hold on for a draw against Australia in Sydney, the final score being 10–10. And they picked up a point in Auckland, drawing 17–17 against New Zealand. At the end of October, after the domestic season had finished, England beat the Welsh 22–16 in Warrington and crossed the English Channel to thrash a French side 48–2 in Bordeaux. Bradford played host the England versus New Zealand match, in which England won comfortably 27–12. At the start of November, England sque
The Wigan Warriors are a professional rugby league club in Wigan, who compete in the Super League, are the current/defending Champions. Formed in 1872 as Wigan Football Club, Wigan was a founding member of the Northern Rugby Football Union following the schism from the Rugby Football Union in 1895. Wigan have won 22 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club Challenges. Wigan is the most successful club in English rugby league and had a period of sustained success from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, winning eight successive Challenge Cups and eight League Championships; the club plays home matches at the DW Stadium, having played at Central Park between 1902 and 1999. The head coach is Adrian Lam. On 21 November 1872, Wigan Football Club was founded by members of Wigan Cricket Club following a meeting at the Royal Hotel, Standishgate. Wigan F. C. played near Upper Dicconson Street. The first match took place on 30 November when members played against each other in a practice match at Folly Field. After a series of trial and practice matches, they travelled to Warrington to play their first competitive match on 18 January 1873.
The game ended in a draw. Financial problems and an inability to recruit quality players led to the club amalgamating with Upholland F. C. in 1876. The club became Wigan & District F. C; the club moved and played its home games at the Wigan Cricket Club at Prescott Street just off Frog Lane. It is unlikely that the club fulfilled its fixtures in 1877 before disbanding at the end of the 1879 cricket season. On 22 September 1879, the club was reformed as Wigan Wasps by many ex-members of the original Wigan Football Club, following a meeting in the Dicconson Arms; the club moved away from Prescott Street back to Folly Field. In 1884, Wigan won the West Lancashire Cup; the club played in blue and white hooped jerseys before changing in 1886 to cherry and white hoops. In 1888 they beat a touring New Zealand side. Wigan were suspended by the RFU for breaking the strict amateur code despite their argument that broken-time payments were necessary to avoid undue hardship for their working class players. In 1895 Wigan joined with other clubs from Yorkshire and Lancashire to found the Northern Union which led to the sport of rugby league.
This was a result of the breakaway from the Rugby Football Union. This was when the "Wasps" tag was dropped and the club became known as Wigan; the County Championship was introduced in October 1895 with Cheshire entertaining Lancashire. The Red Rose side contained three players from Wigan: Unsworth and Brown. In 1896–97 due to the increased number of Northern Union teams the Northern League was abandoned in favour of two County Senior leagues; the second half of the season saw the introduction of the Northern Union Cup. Wigan reached the third round before being knocked out by St. Helens. In 1904, fourteen clubs resigned from the two county leagues to form a new Northern Rugby League for season 1901–02. Wigan however remained in the Lancashire Senior Competition. Wigan became sub-tenants of Springfield Park, which they shared with Wigan United AFC, playing their first game there on 14 September 1901. A crowd of 4,000 saw them beat Morecambe 12–0. During this season Wigan won the Lancashire Senior Competition.
Wigan's record crowd at Springfield was 10,000 when they beat Widnes on 19 March 1902. The last game was on 28 April 1902. Two meetings were held by Wigan members during the season to discuss the possibility of turning the club into a Limited Company but the idea did not take off. On 6 September 1902, Wigan played at Central Park for the first time in the opening match of the newly formed First Division. An estimated crowd of 9,000 spectators saw Wigan beat Batley 14–8. In the 1905 -- 06 season they won their first cup, in the Lancashire County Cup. Between 1906 and 1923 Wigan won the Lancashire League another seven times and the Lancashire Cup another four times. Wigan were the first winners of the Lancashire cup. Wigan played New Zealand on 9 November 1907 and ran out winners by 12 points to 8 in front of a crowd of around 30,000. Great Britain known as the Northern Union, played their first test against New Zealand on 25 January 1908. James "Jim" Leytham, Bert Jenkins, John "Johnny" Thomas of Wigan were in the home side and James "Jim" Leytham scored a try.
Bert Jenkins, John "Johnny" Thomas had played in the first Welsh game against New Zealand on 1 January 1908. On Saturday 28 October 1911, Wigan played a match against the Australasian team which visited England on the 1911–12 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and won. On 12 May 1921, Wigan became a limited company. In June 1922 Jim Sullivan joined Wigan from Cardiff RFC when he was only 17, his cash value was put at £750, a staggering signing-on fee for an adolescent who had not yet played 13-a-side rugby. His first game was at home against Widnes on 27 August 1921, he scored ten points in a 21–0 win. Jim Sullivan scored the first points in the first Challenge Cup Final to be played at Wembley Stadium, kicking a penalty after only three minutes of the inaugural Challenge Cup Final against Dewsbury in 1929 in which he led Wigan to a 13–2 victory. Sullivan became player-coach in 1932. Wigan won their first Challenge Cup in the 1923 -- 24 season -- 4 in Rochdale. In 1933 the Prince of Wales attended Central Park, becoming the first royal to watch a rugb
The Willows, Salford
The Willows was a rugby league stadium in Weaste, England. It had a final capacity of 11,363 with 2,500 seats. In 1900, Salford agreed a 14-year lease on 5 acres of land belonging to the Willows Estate Company, named after the abundance of willow trees in the area, they made their debut at the Willows on 21 December 1901, beating Swinton 2–0 in front of 16,981 fans. In the 1960s, the terrace was flattened at the Willows Road end to make way for the Salford Football and Social Club, opened on 16 June 1966; the Willows switched on its floodlights for the first time in the match with Widnes on Friday 11 March 1966. On 26 November 1989, Salford unveiled a new £50,000 electronic scoreboard above the Willows Variety Centre. Salford City Reds moved to the Salford City Stadium in Barton-upon-Irwell at the start of the 2012 season; the last match at the Willows saw them lose to the Catalans Dragons 18–44 in front of 10,146 fans, a record for a Salford City Reds home match in the Super League. In 2013, a proposal to redevelop the site for housing was put forward by City West Housing Trust.
List of international rugby league matches played at The Willows. The Willows saw Salford and the county team Lancashire play host to various international touring teams from 1908–1978; the Willows on Worldstadia.com Directions to The Willows Pictures of The Willows
In team sports, captain is a title given to a member of the team. The title is honorary, but in some cases the captain may have significant responsibility for strategy and teamwork while the game is in progress on the field. In either case, it is a position that indicates honor and respect from one's teammates – recognition as a leader by one's peers. In association football and cricket, a captain is known as a skipper. Depending on the sport, team captains may be given the responsibility of interacting with game officials regarding application and interpretation of the rules. In many team sports, the captains represent their respective teams when the match official does the coin toss at the beginning of the game. Various sports have differing responsibilities for team captains; some of the greatest captains in history are the ones with the most subtle of traits that are required for success. From Sam Walker in his book "The Captain Class" he states that a captain is "the most important factor for a team's success".
The responsibilities of a captain vary from sport to sport. In sports like cricket or volleyball, the decision for the two teams to be on either defense or offense is determined with a coin toss and a decision made by the captains; this decision is crucial for the captain because they will decide the beginning of the game and quite how it all plays out. A captain is the first one a referee looks to while explaining the results of a play or giving a foul, or flag. Oftentimes a referee will not discuss these matters with any other player than a coach; this is important because the reaction of the captain may or may not determine how the referee will proceed. A captain must stay calm and cool headed when talking with a referee to ensure the most accurate determinants of the game. Manager Captain Captain Captain Captain Captain

domain: geography


Meet the Beltway bloodsuckers.
The Obama administration is readying sanctions against discrete elements of the Iranian government, including those involved in the deadly crackdown on Iranian protesters, marking a shift to a more aggressive U.S. posture toward the Islamic republic, U.S. officials said. Ten months after President Obama set a year-end deadline for Iran to engage with world powers […]
Jonathan Schanzer and Madeleine Morganstern: Rashid Khalidi Headlines Taxpayer-funded Palestinian Fest – Jewish Policy Center
The Palestinian American Research Center (PARC), a U.S. taxpayer-funded organization noted for the virulent anti-Israeli attitudes of its academic members, held a conference in October at George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs. Most of the conference was apolitical, but two lectures in particular raise (again) the question of whether PARC should be the […]
Afghanistan: The month before the one-year anniversary of his inauguration, the president has finally settled on the strategy for what he called a “war of necessity.” But leaving, not winning, is the goal.How often in history, if ever, has a British defense secretary slammed a U.S. commander in chief for indecisiveness? Britain’s Bob Ainsworth last […]
EDUCATION BA English l96l (cum laude) UC Berkeley. MA English l963 UC Berkeley. TEACHING l963-69–Instructor in Freshman English, UC Berkeley. l966–Instructor in English, University of San Francisco. l964–Professor of English, Miles College, Birmingham, Alabama. l967–Instructor in Sociology, UC Santa Cruz. l977-83–Visiting Writer, UC Berkeley. EDITORIAL 1967-73–Editor, Ramparts Magazine l982-85–Consulting Editor, California Magazine 1992-2000—Editor, Heterodoxy ADMINISTRATIVE 1986-91—Co-director, Second Thoughts […]


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Wednesday 22 May 2019, Amsterdam
The market for breast lesion localization methods is expected to grow from USD 413 million in 2018 to USD 598 million by 2024, at a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period. The overall market for breast lesion localization methods market is expected to grow rapidly owing to the increasing number of breast cancer surgeries and increasing awareness on early detection of breast cancer. Furthermore, the demand for improved quality of care and growing awareness among patients about breast cancer screening also contributes to market growth. However, uncertainty in regulatory approval procedures may negatively affect the market.
Wire localization accounted for the largest share of the breast lesion localization methods market in 2018
Based on type, the breast lesion localization methods market is divided into wire localization, isotope localization, magnetic localization, electromagnetic localization, and others. The wire localization segment accounted for the largest share of the breast lesion localization methods market in 2018. The large share of this segment is attributed to the increasing use of third-party independent quality controls due to their benefits such as longer shelf-lives and flexibility across different reagent lots, which help reduce the cost of operations.
The combined localization of non-palpable tumor and sentinel lymph node is expected to grow in the near future
By analyte type, the breast lesion localization methods market is segmented into tumor identification and sentinel lymph node identification. The sentinel lymph node identification segment is further divided by types of surgery into lumpectomy and mastectomy. The sentinel lymph node identification segment dominated the breast lesion localization methods market in 2018. This segment is expected to grow at the highest rate during the forecast period, mainly due to the increasing acceptance of SLNB as a first-line diagnostic approach for breast cancer staging, as it is more sensitive and causes less morbidity than traditional techniques for the early staging of breast cancer. In addition, the increasing use of combined localization for non-palpable tumors and sentinel lymph nodes such as ROLL and magnetic localization will drive the growth for this segment.
The APAC market is projected to grow at the highest rate during the forecast period.
In 2018, the Asia Pacific held the largest share of the breast lesion localization methods market, in terms of volume. In addition to this, Asia Pacific is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The rapidly increasing patient population and healthcare expenditure, improving healthcare infrastructure, high government spending on breast cancer research, and increasing awareness about the importance of the early detection of breast cancer in several APAC countries are supporting the growth of the Asia Pacific breast lesion localization methods market.
The prominent players in the breast lesion localization methods market are Cianna Medical (US), Endomagnetics Ltd. (UK), and Cook Medical (US), C.R. Bard (US), Intra-Medical Imaging LLC (US), and IsoAid, LLC (US).
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PM addresses inaugural function of Pramukh Swami Maharaj Shatabdi Mahotsav » Bhajpa Ki Baat
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addressed the inaugural function of Pramukh Swami Maharaj Shatabdi Mahotsav in Ahmedabad today. The year-long worldwide celebrations have culminated in the ‘Pramukh Swami Maharaj Shatabdi Mahotsav’ hosted by BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir, Shahibaug, which is the global headquarters of BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha and is taking place from 15th December 2022 to 15th January 2023 in Ahmedabad, featuring daily events, thematic exhibitions and thought-provoking pavilions.
Addressing the gathering, the Prime Minister began his address by hailing Pramukh Swami Maharaj and welcoming everyone on the momentous occasion. He conveyed his feeling of the presence of divinity and grandeur of resolutions and pride for the heritage. He said that one can see every colour of India in the premises.
The Prime Minister thanked every saint for their efforts at giving significance to their power of imagination for coming up with this magnificent convention. He said that this grand event will not only attract the world but also will inspire and impact the coming generations. “I want to appreciate the saints and seers for thinking of a programme of this nature and at such a scale”, he added. Calling Pujya Pramukh Swami Maharaj a father figure to him, the Prime Minister said that people will come to pay homage to him for this ongoing event. He also mentioned that the UN also celebrated the centenary celebration which proves the eternal and universal significance of India’s spiritual tradition and thought. Highlighting the emotion of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’, which has been established by the great saints of India including Swami Maharaj who propagated it even further, the Prime Minister said that the journey from Ved to Vivekananda can be witnessed today in this centenary celebration. “One can witness the rich saintly traditions of India here”, he said. The Prime Minister further remarked that our saintly traditions are not just limited to the propagation of culture, creed, ethics and ideology but the saints of India have tied the world together by emboldening the sentiment of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’.
The Prime Minister went nostalgic while remembering his association with Swami Ji, he said “I have been drawn to the ideals of HH Pramukh Swami Maharaj Ji from my childhood. I never thought that sometime in my life, I would get to meet him. It was perhaps back in 1981 that I met him during a Satsang. He only spoke of Seva. Each and every word got imprinted on my heart. His message was very clear that the supreme goal of one’s life should be Seva. ” He also noted the grace of Swami Ji who used to tailor his message for the ability of the receiver; this was the vastness of his personality, the Prime Minister added. The Prime Minister continued, everyone knows him as a spiritual person but he was a social reformer too in the truest sense of the word. The Prime Minister underlined Swami ji’s intuitive grasp of modern opportunities and his natural communication of the strength of the individual to take care of his or her problems. His key emphasis was on the welfare of society, the Prime Minister emphasised. “HH Pramukh Swami Maharaj Ji was a reformist. He was special because he saw good in every person and encouraged them to focus on these strengths. He helped every individual who came in contact with him. I can never forget his efforts during the Machchhu dam disaster in Morbi”, the Prime Minister said. The Prime Minister recalled many key events of his life when he went to meet Pujya Swami Ji.
Revisiting the past when the Prime Minister was a candidate from Rajkot in 2002, he recalled that during the election campaign he got a pen from two saints saying that Pramukh Swami Maharaj Ji had requested me to sign the nomination papers using this pen. “From there till Kashi elections, this practice has continued”, he remarked. Drawing an analogy to the relationship between a father and son, the Prime Minister recalled the time when he was working as a volunteer in Kutch when Pramukh Swami Maharaj had made food arrangements for him. He also informed that in the past 40 years he received Kurta Pajama cloth from Pujya Swami Ji every year without fail. An emotional Prime Minister said that this is a spiritual connection, a father-son relationship. He said that he is certain that Pujya Swami Ji is keeping an eye on his every move in the service of the country.
Throwing light on his relationship with Pramukh Swami Maharaj, the Prime Minister recalled that Swami Maharaj ji was the first person to call him after he reached Jammu during the hostile Ekta Yatra under Dr MM Joshi’s leadership in 1991. “The moment I reached Jammu after hoisting the national flag at Laal Chowk, the first call I got was from Pramukh Swami Maharaj Ji, who asked about my wellbeing”, he said. The Prime Minister also recalled the dark time of the terrorist attack on the Akshardham Temple and remembered his conversation with Pramukh Swami Maharaj about maintaining calm during such tumultuous times. This poise was possible only because of the inner spiritual strength of Pujya Swami Ji.
Informing about Pramukh Swami Maharaj’s wish to build the Akshardham on the banks of the Yamuna, the Prime Minister highlighted the vision of Mahant Swami Maharaj who was the then disciple of Pramukh Swami Maharaj. He remarked that even though people look at Mahant Swami Maharaj as a Guru, the Prime Minister is aware of his dedication as a disciple towards Pramukh Swami Maharaj Ji. “It is a result of his vision and dedication that Akshardham Temple was built on the banks of Yamuna. The millions of people who visit Akshardham Temple every year try to understand the Indian culture and traditions through its magnificence”, the Prime Minister continued. “Go to any part of the world, you will see the outcome of Pramukh Swami Maharaj Ji’s vision. He ensured our Temples are modern and they highlight our traditions. Greats like him and the Ramakrishna Mission redefined the Sant Parampara. Pujya Swami Ji played a big role in creating the tradition of service that goes beyond spiritual upliftment.” The Prime Minister further added that Swami ji ensured that a saint, apart from renunciation, should also be capable and well-versed. As Swami Ji established an institutional mechanism for holistic spiritual training, the Prime Minister said that this will benefit the nation for many generations to come. “He never differentiated between ‘Dev Bhakti’ (worship of god) and ‘Desh Bhakti’, devotion to the country”, the Prime Minister pointed out. Those who live for ‘Dev Bhakti’ and those who live for ‘Desh Bhakti’ were ‘Satsangis’ for him. The Prime Minister said that “our saints went beyond narrow sects and worked to strengthen the notion of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and uniting the world.”
Concluding the address, the Prime Minister remarked on the journey of his conscience and said that he has always been associated with such saintly and advanced traditions. “In a vindictive and vengeful world like that of today, I have been fortunate enough to be around saints like Pramukh Swami Maharaj and Mahant Swami Maharaj who create a virtuous environment. It was like a tired person sitting in the shadow of a great banyan tree. Not ‘Rajasi’ or ‘Tamsik’, one has to continue moving while staying ‘Satvik’ ”, the Prime Minister concluded.
Chief Minister of Gujarat, Shri Bhupendra Patel, Governor of Gujarat, Shri Acharya Devvrat, His Holiness Mahant Swami Maharaj, and Pujya Ishwarcharan Swami were those present on the occasion among others.
His Holiness Pramukh Swami Maharaj was a guide and guru who touched countless lives across India and the world. He was widely respected and admired as a great spiritual leader. His life was dedicated to the service of spirituality and humanity. As the leader of BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha, he inspired countless cultural, social and spiritual initiatives, providing comfort and care to millions.
People from across the world are celebrating his life and work in the birth centenary year of HH Pramukh Swami Maharaj. The year-long worldwide celebrations have culminated in the ‘Pramukh Swami Maharaj Shatabdi Mahotsav’ hosted by BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir, Shahibaug, which is the global headquarters of BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha. The month-long celebration is taking place from 15th December 2022 to 15th January 2023 in Ahmedabad, featuring daily events, thematic exhibitions and thought-provoking pavilions.
BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha was established in 1907 by Shastriji Maharaj. Based on the teachings of the Vedas and founded on pillars of practical spirituality, BAPS reaches out far and wide to address today’s spiritual, moral and social challenges. BAPS aims to preserve values of faith, unity, and selfless service and provides for the spiritual, cultural, physical, and emotional needs of people from all walks of life. It performs humanitarian activities through global outreach efforts.
(News Source -Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by Bhajpa Ki Baat staff and is published from a kamal sandesh feed.)


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DECLARATION OF THE PEOPLE'S GATHERING FOR LIFEPublished by MAC on 2007-01-15
DECLARATION OF THE PEOPLE'S GATHERING FOR LIFE
Sigsig – Cuenca – Gualaquiza
ECUADOR, January 2007
(English version by David Modersbach)
"Each individual life is transitory, but the adventure of the living system and of the collective identities transcends time... The ethic of sustainability places the value of life above that of political-economic or practical-instrumental interests... It is an ethic for the permanent renovation of life, from where everything is born, grows, sickens, dies and is reborn. The preservation of this permanent cycle of life implies the knowledge of how to manage time so that the earth and land is renewed, life unfolds in all its forms, so that all people and cultures live in harmony with their worlds."
Manifesto for Life, May 2002
1. Our planet is passing through a great environmental crisis, a product of a predatory system, which under the pretext of macroeconomic growth, development, progress and other fallacies, has caused the massive impoverishment of the population, exclusion and social injustice, the destruction of ecosystems, the mercantilization of life, putting price on and appropriating of the biodiversity and the ancestral knowledge's, disrespecting our cultures, imposing their consumerist model and unsustainable lifestyle upon us.
2. Neoliberal globalization which has sheltered the greed of business corporations, has brought the great disparities to unsustainable limits: The concentration of riches in certain groups of power at a national and global level at the cost of the misery and lack of the basic needs at home and the ever-widening breach between rich and poor, through the persistent plunder of natural and human resources, the contradiction between the generation of high levels of science and technology, coexisting with hunger and the illnesses of underdevelopment.
3. Big economic interests linked to political power are subjugating the peoples and countries through the uses of international instruments and organisms, such as the OMC, which promotes the commerce of biodiversity, and international multinational finance organizations (World Bank, IMF, Inter-American Development Bank and others) who impose concessions for mining operations. This is the domain of the mining, petroleum, hydroelectric, lumber multinationals… who in their wake have left devastation, illness, death, appropriation of lands in few hands, exploitation of local workforces, child labor, unemployment and misery.
4. Large-scale mining – carried out exclusively by transnationals – causes grave and irreversible consequences to the environment and public health, undermining cultural values and ethics, destroying traditions vital for the maintenance of solidarity and unity of families and communities, generating conflicts and social problems such as alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, gambling, and domestic violence against women and children.
5. Nowhere in there world does there exist even one example of where, after mining operations are carried out, local populations have achieved progress, elevated their quality of life, and where promised environmental restoration is carried out. On the contrary: The only things that remain are the crumbs of the small handouts, and greater environmental and human impoverishment. When the mines are exhausted, the communities end up with their lands devastated, small sustenance economies are broken by the abandonment of agricultural and livestock livelihoods in favor of consumerist practices, the migration of rural workers returning to the slavery of mining, and the damaging of all the senses of the lives and homes of campesinos and indigenous persons.
6. The destruction generated by the transnational mining firms causes serious damages to sources of water resources and the appropriation of water to benefit precious few. The vital liquid is more and more necessary for the people, and cannot be continued to be handed over to the transnationals.
7. In the context of the devastation caused by large-scale mining, the situation of women is doubly affected by the unequal relations and the marginalization to which they are submitted by the displacement of activities such as producers and collectors of food and water, providers, caretakers and child raisers. The work of women becomes multiplied, which is the cause of more sickness, many women are forced into informal economies in order to find additional sources of income.
8. This whole panorama has generated resistance and protests of the communities and organizations who are defending life, promoting a new economic, social and environmental system, based upon sovereignty. As a response, the groups in power and the governments at the service of the transnationals have acted to militarize the mining areas, with forces consisting of army, police and mercenary operatives, carrying out all sorts of violations of human rights, including disappearances, arbitrary arrests, torture, murders and assassinations, rape, arson of buildings and crops, etc.
9. To break with this scheme of capitalist "civilization" in crisis: This is the imperative for the people. The necessary profound transformations should lead to a model of development based in authentic sustainability – economic and ecological sustainability, socially and politically just – in a form that enables us to preserve the cycle of life.
10. It is urgent to terminate the imperialist control over natural resources and heritage in order to create and maintain a healthy environment for everyone. Governments and multilateral organizations should cease to be accessories to the transnationals and imperialism. We demand the transformation of a world system of commerce which ceases to violate human, environmental, economic and health rights of people throughout the world, which compensates for the damages caused to the countries of the South. We urge the absolute nationalization of natural patrimony and resources.
11. The communities, organizations and citizen participants in the PEOPLE'S GATHERING FOR LIFE, united in this objective, demand from the State and Government of Ecuador:
To declare Ecuador as a COUNTRY FREE OF LARGE-SCALE MINING, which means the annulment of mining concessions and the immediate cease of mining operations by transnational firms and their subsidiaries, the ratification and suspension of large-scale mining activities in Morona Santiago, Zamora Chinchipe and Imbabura. We declare a robust NO to large-scale and open-pit mining. This position of the people is not negotiable! We demand as well a moratorium in the expansion in the petroleum exploitation. That companies, both transnational and international, the public institutions and the military become accountable and respond economically, socially and legally, for their destructive and risky activities which have had so much impact upon the health and environment of the population.
That all economic policies and development projects become subject to evaluation processes with respect to their impacts upon the health, environment, equity and gender, including regulatory mechanisms to insure their compliance, and that projects which have a large level of negative effects and impacts not be permitted. That restrictions and precautions be applied to all cases where any technology implies potential threats to health and environment.
To construct a new system of indicators of the integral well-being of the population which permit the measurement and social monitoring of the state of health and well-being of people and nature. Gross National Product as a principal indicator of well-being is merely the synthesis of a reductionist and unequal system under which foreign investment and extraction such as large-scale mining is promoted.
To strengthen small producers of agriculture and livestock within the framework of a policy of food sovereignty, which would guarantee the basic sustenance of our households.
To defend the right to water as a human right. To prevent all forms of appropriation of water resources on the part of the transnationals, including the construction of multipurpose dams which affect the community rights to water, and which should lead to the immediate suspension and annulment of these type of water-use concessions.
We demand the immediate withdrawal of armed forces, military and paramilitary, from the zones in conflict, as well as the investigation, identification and punishment of those committing violations of human rights.
We demand the immediate dropping of charges and judicial processes initiated against community leaders.
That truly participative community decision-making mechanisms be implemented for oversight and decision-making regarding the policies and programs involving communities.
We declare ourselves in rebellion and openly opposed to the theft and depredation committed the transnational mining firms. We call upon all the people and popular organizations of this country to unite in common struggle to stop this ecological, economic and social disaster, to defend life. In light of what we have stated, we constitute ourselves as a coalition of organizations and communities:
The COORDINATION FOR THE DEFENSE OF LIFE AND NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
We exhort all peoples and communities to join and participate in the following political and organizational strategies to:
* Build networks of communities affected by mining operations, in alliance with other sectors and social organizations, maintaining our mobilization permanently in defense of the proposed objectives.
* Utilize mechanisms of political pressure so that local and national governments give priority to the interests of the majority of the population over the interests of transnational mining companies. Promote the investigation of viable development alternatives at a local and regional level, with the support and counsel of universities and centers of technological development.
* Diffuse information in a wide-scale and systematic manner, to share experiences over the different forms and strategies of struggle regarding large-scale mining issues.
* Promote conceptions and effective practices of respect of nature, cultural diversity and human rights, to be worked and carried out in formal and non-formal forms of education.
* Carry out educational campaigns to increase consciousness of communities regarding the impacts of the mining industry, globalization in general and the relation of these phenomena to their own situations.
24-27 January, 2007 COORDINATION FOR THE DEFENSE OF LIFE AND NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

domain: sociology


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h, the trouble Justin Townes Earle has seen. The 29-year-old singer/songwriter’s well-publicized drug and alcohol problems over the years have resulted in several rehab stints, the most recent coming last fall after an altercation at an Indianapolis venue which necessitated Earle’s return to treatment and the cancellation of his tour, including his scheduled appearance at Cincinnati’s MidPoint Music Festival. Thankfully, Earle is doing better these days.
“I’m doing good, health-wise,” Earle says from his Nashville home. “I’ve got a lot of things straightened out and I’m working on others. I never shy away from telling people this is an incredibly hard business to be good in.”
That’s a vast improvement for Earle, whose substance issues were so bad at one point that his father, Steve Earle, removed his son from his position as guitarist in his backing band. When you go too far for a guy whose own appetite for illicit substances earned him a prison stint in the mid-’90s, you’ve seriously crossed a line. At the same time, Justin’s father offered some invaluable advice, coming from a place of wisdom, perspective and love.
“He just told me to always stay honest with myself,” Justin says, “to know who I am and where I stand and to let that reflect in my art, and I’d always be OK if I did that.”
With nine months of sobriety under his belt, Earle is resuming his tour for Harlem River Blues, one of the best albums in his impressive catalog. Given the almost universally positive reception lavished upon its predecessor, 2009’s Midnight at the Movies, exemplified by Earle’s Americana Music Award for Emerging Artist that year, it’s conceivable he might have tried to over-think his follow up. Luckily, Earle has never approached his next project by analyzing his last one.
“Midnight at the Movies was just one more thing I wanted to do, which was researching what you can mix with old patterns and forms of music,” Earle says. “It was like figuring out different formulas, and I think it was important to get that over before I did Harlem River Blues because it gave me a firm stance when I went in to make it.”
Earle had very definite ideas about his fourth album; in a rare case of creative specificity, he wrote the songs in the exact order that they appear on the album. He even shuffled the set list a couple of times to make sure he had it right from the start.
“I write records to be records, so Harlem River Blues was Harlem River Blues before I was finished,” Earle says. “I actually wrote Harlem River Blues in sequence. It was something I wanted to do. I went through and kind of Rubik’s Cubed it a little bit, but it worked out that the original running order was the one. It’s pretty much exactly like I wanted it. I’m very specific when I go in the studio. I take the Bruce Springsteen stance — I’m the boss, and if I’m not happy, nobody’s happy.”
At least part of what Earle wanted to accomplish with Harlem River Blues was to examine the intersection between traditional sacred music and contemporary secular music. Like his father before him, Earle is a voraciously curious musicologist.
“I wanted to search for the connections between Gospel music and modern music, so before I started making my record, I chose two sources to take from — the Carter Family and the Staple Singers,” he says. “What you’re dealing with there is music that began in the church and then moved into the secular audience. I’m one of those firm believers that American music, in all its forms, was created in church. I guarantee you the first place Hank Williams sang was in church. I think that’s very important, to understand that it all started with praise to God.”
If there is a consistency across Earle’s four diverse albums — 2007’s Folk-fueled Yuma, 2008’s honky-tonking The Good Life, 2009’s rootsy Midnight at the Movies and last year’s Blues — it’s their creator’s propensity for simultaneously writing and arranging. Earle hears the intricacies of his songs as easily as he hears the melody.
“When I write, I do it so slow that I tend to produce the track in my head,” Earle say, laughing. “It’s one thing where severe ADD comes in handy. I have like a Rolodex spinning in my head constantly. I hear bass parts and drum parts and horn parts going in my head, and that’s what I walk in the studio with. I present it to my players and they tweak it and tell me what’s going to rub where and we go from there. It is kind of frightening but I don’t have big crazy ideas like a lot of artists. I try to keep my goals obtainable.”
Earle is already well into the process of making his fifth album, which he hopes to begin recording this fall. As he reflects on his career to date, it’s hard to ignore the echo of his father’s fiercely independent creative attitude in his musings.
“Just because I’ve achieved some success, it doesn’t mean that I’ve arrived anywhere,” he says. “We’re still traveling, still searching, still trying that next thing, the next step. That’s one thing I’ve taken from my father. As soon as you stop learning, you stop being creative.”
JUSTIN TOWNES EARLE performs Sunday at the Southgate House with guest Joshua Black Wilkins. Buy tickets, check out performance times and get venue details here.


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